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    Morphemes Project

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    Rezpect Queen
    Morphology is the study of the internal structure of words and how words are formed. It analyzes the morphemes within words, including prefixes, suffixes, and bases. A morpheme is the smallest unit of meaning and can be free or bound. Free morphemes can stand alone as words, while bound morphemes must be attached to other morphemes. Affixes like prefixes and suffixes are bound morphemes that occur before or after a word's base. Morphology examines inflectional affixes, which do not change a word's part of speech, and derivational affixes, which do change the part of speech. It also analyzes allomorphs, which are variant

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    Morphemes Project

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    Rezpect Queen
    841 views5 pages
    Morphology is the study of the internal structure of words and how words are formed. It analyzes the morphemes within words, including prefixes, suffixes, and bases. A morpheme is the smallest unit of meaning and can be free or bound. Free morphemes can stand alone as words, while bound morphemes must be attached to other morphemes. Affixes like prefixes and suffixes are bound morphemes that occur before or after a word's base. Morphology examines inflectional affixes, which do not change a word's part of speech, and derivational affixes, which do change the part of speech. It also analyzes allomorphs, which are variant

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    Morphology is the study of the internal structure of words and how words are formed. It analyzes the morphemes within words, including prefixes, suffixes, and bases. A morpheme is the smallest unit of meaning and can be free or bound. Free morphemes can stand alone as words, while bound morphemes must be attached to other morphemes. Affixes like prefixes and suffixes are bound morphemes that occur before or after a word's base. Morphology examines inflectional affixes, which do not change a word's part of speech, and derivational affixes, which do change the part of speech. It also analyzes allomorphs, which are variant

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    841 views5 pages

    Morphemes Project

    Uploaded by

    Rezpect Queen
    Morphology is the study of the internal structure of words and how words are formed. It analyzes the morphemes within words, including prefixes, suffixes, and bases. A morpheme is the smallest unit of meaning and can be free or bound. Free morphemes can stand alone as words, while bound morphemes must be attached to other morphemes. Affixes like prefixes and suffixes are bound morphemes that occur before or after a word's base. Morphology examines inflectional affixes, which do not change a word's part of speech, and derivational affixes, which do change the part of speech. It also analyzes allomorphs, which are variant

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    of 5

    MORPHEMES

    Morphology
    Morphology is the study of the internal structure of words, use the term word loosely
    in its familiar sense. how the words are formed and the relationship to other words in the
    same language. Morphology analyzes the structure of the word such as prefixes, infixes, and
    suffixes. It also looks at part of speech.

    1. Word
    Word is a smallest unit of meaning but will not necessarily stands on its own. A word
    may consist of a single morpheme or several where as a morpheme may not be able to stand
    on its own as a word.
    Example:

    Morpheme
    1. A morpheme is a short segment of language that meets three criteria:
    a. It is a word or part of word that has a meaning.
    b. It cannot be divided into smaller meaningful parts.
    c. It recurs with a stable meaning in words.
    Like: soften, draken, deepen,cheapen, etc.

    Next, its some examples that showing how many morphemes


    1. Play 1 morpheme
    2. date 1 morpheme
    3. weak 1 morpheme
    4. man 1 morpheme
    5. keep 1 morpheme
    6. Keeper keep-er 2 morpheme
    7. Unable un-able 2 morpheme
    8. Manly man-ly 2 morpheme
    9. Antedate ante-date 2 morpheme
    10. Weekend week-end 2 morpheme
    11. Unbelieveable un-believe-able 3 morpheme
    2. Free and Bound Morphemes
    A free morpheme iis one that can be utterend alone with meaning.
    Examples:
    A bound morpheme, unlike the free, that cannot be utterend alone with meaning, its
    always annexed to one or more morphemes to from a word, for onewould not utter in
    isolation froms like ente-, re-, -ly, -er, and un-.
    Example: preview, played, activity, supervise, inter, vane

    3. Bases
    The bases morpheme is the part of a word that has the principal meaning. The
    italicized morphemes in these words are bases: denial, lovable, annoyanee, re-enter. Bases are
    very numerous, and most of them in english are free morphemes, but some are bound. A
    word may contain one base and several affixes.
    A base is a linguistic from that meets one or more of these requirments:
    a. It can occur as an immediate consituent of a word whose only other immediate
    constituent is a prefix or suffix.
    b. It is an allomorph of a morpheme which has another allomorph that is a free form.
    c. It is a borrowing from another language in which it is a free form or a base.

    4. Difficulties in Morphemic Analysis


    a. Based on the individual limit vocabulary or understanding it
    Example: which one free morpheme, bound morpheme and base
    b. Difficult to differ degree of word
    Example: writer (-er as person) and better (cooperative degree)
    c. Difficult differ addictive meaning
    Example: suppose (su- prefix)
    5. Affixes
    Affixes is a bound morpheme that occurs before or wihin or after a base. Prefixes are
    those bound morphemes that occur before a base
    1) Negative meaning: Impossible ,unlikely
    2) Quantity/number: Bicycle (bi-2), monolingual (mono-1)
    3) Distance: Interlanguages (inter-between 2 languages)
    4) Time: midnight, ante-meditarian, pos-meditarian, free order
    Infixes are bound morpheme that have been inserted within a word
    1) Inside the word: house-hizouse, gembung-gelembung
    2) Reduplication: zig-zag, hip-hop
    3) Stressing: dhouse
    4) Internal change: sing-sang-sung
    5) Exception/Part of speech: go-went-gone
    Suffixes are bound morphemes that occur after a base
    Example: passable, personal, played, golden, actor, banker, careful, dancing.

    6. Inflectional Suffixes
    They do not change part of speech, they differ from the derivational suffixes in the
    following ways:
    They do not change the part of speech
    Examples: sled-sleds (both noun), play-payed (both verbs)
    They came last in word
    Example: shortened, villainies, and industrializine
    They go with all stems of a given part of speech
    Example: He eats, drinks, dreams.
    They do not pile up, only ends a word
    Example: higher, written, working

    7. Derivational Suffixes (unstable meaning)


    Change part of speech:
    a. The words with which derivational suffixes combine is an arbitrary matter
    Example: friendship (friend-noun, friendship-noun)
    b. A derivational suffixes change the part of speech of the word to which it is added
    Example: create (verb)- creater (noun)
    c. Derivational suffixes usually do not close off a word; can add another derivational
    suffixes and inflectional suffixes. Example: Reason-reasonableness

    8. Suffixal Homophones
    Some suffixes, both inflectional and derivational have homophonous forms. The inflectional
    morpheme (-er cp) has two morphemes: derivational suffix (-er n) which is attached to verbs
    to form nouns, derivational er morpheme appears at the end. This (-er rp).
    9. Noun Feminine Forms
    English has a small clutch of noun with feminine derivational suffixes. All but one of these
    feminizing suffixes are of foreign origin.
    Example: -ess, patron (masculine), patroness (feminine)

    10. Noun Deminutive Forms


    In English six diminutive suffixes can be found. These are morphemes which convey
    a meaning of smallness or endearment or both:
    a. -ie, -i, -y as in auntie, Betty, sweetie
    b. -ette as in dinette
    c. -kin, -ikin, -kins as in lambkin, manikin
    d. -ling as in duckling, darling
    e. -et as in circle
    f. -let as in booklet

    11. Allomorphs
    Allomorphs (different sounds, does not change meaning) are variant form of
    morpheme that is when a unit of meaning varies in sound without changing meaning.
    a) Additive allomorphs. English plural morpheme has 3 allomorphs:
    /-ez/ eg. Busses, houses /-z/ eg. Twings, dishes /-s/ eg. Cats, books
    English verb morpheme for past tense has some allomorphs:
    /-t/ eg. Watched /-d/ eg. Played

    b) Irregular form
    Replacive allomorphs (internal change): it is just change infix. Examples: drink-
    drank-drunk, tooth-teeth, foot-feet
    Supplative allomorphs (word totally change): these can be illustrated by going back to
    the past tense, it is a parallel formation with regular past-tense forms.
    Examples: see-saw-seen, give-gave-given, take-took-taken
    Zero allomorphs: there is no changing word. Examples: read-read-read, sheep
    (singular)-sheep (plural)
    12. Homophones
    You are acquainted with many pairs, trios, and even foursomes of words in English
    which sound alike but differ a meaning. It is different morphemes.
    Examples: meet-meat, sheep-ship
    Verbal inflectional suffixes: it feels /-z/ good
    Noun plural inflectional suffixes: those frogs /-z/
    Noun possessive inflectional suffix: Johns /-z/ book

    12. Phones themes


    (sounds, word number of similar meaning) Same pronounciation , different meaning.
    Words with similar meaning, Having same consonan cluster, Suggest the common meaning
    /-gl/ Light: glow, glare
    /-sp/ Point: spire, spark

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