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    Ex. 1.6 Rules of Inference

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    Muhammad Zain
    The document contains 6 examples of logical reasoning problems with premises and conclusions. For each example, the rules of inference used to derive each conclusion from the premises are stated. Conclusions include determining that Ralph is not a CS major based on the premises, and that buying lots of stuff is good for both individuals and the United States based on chains of hypothetical syllogisms.

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    Ex. 1.6 Rules of Inference

    Uploaded by

    Muhammad Zain
    2K views3 pages
    The document contains 6 examples of logical reasoning problems with premises and conclusions. For each example, the rules of inference used to derive each conclusion from the premises are stated. Conclusions include determining that Ralph is not a CS major based on the premises, and that buying lots of stuff is good for both individuals and the United States based on chains of hypothetical syllogisms.

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    The document contains 6 examples of logical reasoning problems with premises and conclusions. For each example, the rules of inference used to derive each conclusion from the premises are stated. Conclusions include determining that Ralph is not a CS major based on the premises, and that buying lots of stuff is good for both individuals and the United States based on chains of hypothetical syllogisms.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    2K views3 pages

    Ex. 1.6 Rules of Inference

    Uploaded by

    Muhammad Zain
    The document contains 6 examples of logical reasoning problems with premises and conclusions. For each example, the rules of inference used to derive each conclusion from the premises are stated. Conclusions include determining that Ralph is not a CS major based on the premises, and that buying lots of stuff is good for both individuals and the United States based on chains of hypothetical syllogisms.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 3

    9.

    For each of these collections of premises, what relevant conclusion or


    conclusions can be drawn? Explain the rules of inference used to obtain each
    conclusion from the premises.

    a) “If I take the day off, it either rains or snows.” “I took Tuesday off or I took
    Thursday off.” “It was sunny on Tuesday.” “It did not snow on Thursday.”

    Sol.

    i. If I take the day off, it either rains or snows premise

    ii. It did not rain or snow on Tuesday it was sunny on Tuesday,

    iii. I did not take Tuesday off. modus tollens on the universal
    instantiation

    iv. I took Tuesday off or I took Thursday off. premise

    v. ⇒ I took Thursday off. disjunctive syllogism on (iii & iv)

    vi. ⇒ it rained or snowed on Thursday. modus ponens on (i & vi)

    vii. It did not snow on Thursday premise

    viii. ⇒ it rained on Thursday. disjunctive syllogism on (vi & vii)

    b) “If I eat spicy foods, then I have strange dreams.”

    “I have strange dreams if there is thunder while I sleep.”

    “I did not have strange dreams.”

    Sol.

    i. “If I eat spicy foods, then I have strange dreams.” premise

    ii. “I did not have strange dreams.” premise

    iii. I did not eat spicy food. modus tollens on (i & ii)

    iv. “I have strange dreams if there is thunder while I sleep.” premise

    v. it did not thunder. modus tollens on (ii & iv)


    vi. I did not eat spicy food and it did not thunder." conjunction on (iii & v)

    c) “I am either clever or lucky.” “I am not lucky.” “If I

    am lucky, then I will win the lottery.”

    Sol.

    i. I am either clever or lucky. premise

    ii. I am not lucky. premise

    iii. I am clever. disjunctive syllogism on (i & ii)

    iv. If I am lucky, then I will win the lottery. premise

    v. We cannot draw any result from (ii & iv).

    d) “Every computer science major has a personal computer.” “Ralph does not
    have a personal computer.”

    “Ann has a personal computer.”

    Sol.

    i. Every computer science major has a personal computer. premise

    ii. Ralph does not have a personal computer. premise

    iii. Ralph is not a CS major. universal instantiation on (i & ii)

    iv. Ann has a personal computer.

    v. We cannot draw any result about Ann, from (i & iv).


    e) “What is good for corporations is good for the United States.” “What is good
    for the United States is good for you.” “What is good for corporations is for you
    to buy lots of stuff.”

    Sol.

    i. If x is good for corporations, x is good for the United States. premise

    ii. If x is good for the United States, x is good for you. premise

    iii. Take x as" for you to buy lots of stuff". universal instantiation

    iv. It is good for corporations if you buy lots of stuff. premise

    v. If you buy lots of stuff, is good for the United States. Hypothetical
    syllogism on (iv & i)

    vi. If you buy lots of stuff, it is good for you. Hypothetical syllogism on (v &
    ii)

    vii. To buy lots of stuff is good for the you and United States. Conjunction
    on (v & vii).

    f) “All rodents gnaw their food.” “Mice are rodents.”

    “Rabbits do not gnaw their food.” “Bats are not rodents.”

    Sol.

    i.  x, if x is a rodent, then x gnaws its food. premise

    ii. x being a mouse, a rabbit, and a bat. universal instantiation

    iii. mice gnaw their food; modus ponens on (i and ii)

    iv. Rabbits do not gnaw their food. premise

    v. rabbits are not rodents modus tollens on (i and ii

    vi. Bats are not rodents. premise

    vii. We can conclude nothing about bats from (i & vi).

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