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    Jan Horáček Introduction To Linguistics I Assignment 2

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    This document contains an assignment with 4 questions about linguistic concepts like semantic relations, quantifiers, scope ambiguities, and modality. For question 1, the student analyzes examples of contradiction, polysemy, and entailment. In question 2, the student explains the meaning and restrictor/scope of sentences using quantifiers. Question 3 describes scope ambiguities created by the word "every" in one sentence. Question 4 categorizes modality in sentences as deontic or epistemic.

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    Jan Horáček Introduction To Linguistics I Assignment 2

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    Jan Horáček
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    This document contains an assignment with 4 questions about linguistic concepts like semantic relations, quantifiers, scope ambiguities, and modality. For question 1, the student analyzes examples of contradiction, polysemy, and entailment. In question 2, the student explains the meaning and restrictor/scope of sentences using quantifiers. Question 3 describes scope ambiguities created by the word "every" in one sentence. Question 4 categorizes modality in sentences as deontic or epistemic.

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    Assignment 2

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    This document contains an assignment with 4 questions about linguistic concepts like semantic relations, quantifiers, scope ambiguities, and modality. For question 1, the student analyzes examples of contradiction, polysemy, and entailment. In question 2, the student explains the meaning and restrictor/scope of sentences using quantifiers. Question 3 describes scope ambiguities created by the word "every" in one sentence. Question 4 categorizes modality in sentences as deontic or epistemic.

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    86 views2 pages

    Jan Horáček Introduction To Linguistics I Assignment 2

    Uploaded by

    Jan Horáček
    This document contains an assignment with 4 questions about linguistic concepts like semantic relations, quantifiers, scope ambiguities, and modality. For question 1, the student analyzes examples of contradiction, polysemy, and entailment. In question 2, the student explains the meaning and restrictor/scope of sentences using quantifiers. Question 3 describes scope ambiguities created by the word "every" in one sentence. Question 4 categorizes modality in sentences as deontic or epistemic.

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    of 2

    Jan Horáček

    Introduction to Linguistics I

    Assignment 2

    1. Which of the basic semantic relations and properties outlined in the text (synonymy,
    entailment, etc.) are exemplified by the following?
    a) Nobody is at the party and Al is enjoying the party more than anyone else.
    b) memory (as in “I have a good memory,” “I have beautiful memories of my trip to Amalfi,” and
    “I need to buy some more memory for my computer”)
    c) Either it’s raining in Delhi now, or it isn’t.

    a) In sentence a we have contradiction, because it says that nobody is at the party meaning not
    even one person and then it writes that Al is enjoying party more than anyone else. This is also
    proven by nobody and anyone being antonyms. From this we can see that this sentence does
    not make sense.
    b) In letter b we have different uses of word memory, in my opinion this should represent
    polysemy of this word since all of the meaning of this word only have subtle differences and can
    all be connected to the same root. I am writing this because all of these words represent action
    of remembering, recalling or saving some information inside our brain or some kind of machine.
    c) This is typical example of entailment A -> B.

    2. Explain the meaning of the following sentences, focusing on the role of quantifiers. Identify the
    restrictor and the scope.
    a) Every dog has a tail.
    b) Nobody around here speaks French.

    a) Meaning of this sentence is that every individual or breed belonging under category of dogs
    has this thing in common in this sentence that is a tail. Every is a quantifier, dog is restrictor and
    has is scope.
    b) Meaning of this sentence is not even one person in their close location speak French. Nobody
    is quantifier speaks French is restrictor and around here is scope.

    3. Below are some sentences with scope ambiguities. For each, describe the two meanings and
    indicate which two words or phrases create the ambiguity.
    a) I don’t like every student.
    b) During your visit to Rome, you must visit one fountain.

    a) It is ambiguous since it can have two meanings. One of them is that I do not like even one
    student and second one is that you are saying that you do not like all of them, but you like at
    least one of them. Word every creates ambiguity.
    b) Honestly I don’t really get this sentence. I just can not see the second meaning, I would be
    glad if you explained it to me, because the presentation lacks enough examples at least for me.
    Thank you.

    4. Categorise the modality in the following sentences as epistemic or deontic.


    a) Dogs may not enter the subway.
    b) If you love animals, you ought to be a vegetarian.
    c) You can probably find a book about raccoons in the library.

    a) Dogs may not enter the subway is deontic since it is a set rule and obligation that can be
    enforced.
    b) This sentence is deontic and I think it fits in to the category of right and wrong.
    c) Letter c is epistemic since it is mostly a guess and the person suggesting is not sure if he is
    telling truth.

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