TUGAS READING TOEFL

Nama : Hanik Dwi Hanifa

NIT : C1021807252
Course : D III TLB VII Bravo

 SKILL 1 “ANSWER MAIN IDEA QUESTIONS CORRECTLY”

Soal
Solar is popping up just about everywhere, even landfills and parka pockets. So why not
roads? The Netherlands built the first solar road, a bike path, in 2014.
France announced a bolder move in January—over the next five years, it plans to install
1,000 kilometers of solar roads, designed to supply power to five million people.
That’s not all. Idaho-based Solar Roadways has received three rounds of U.S. government
funding with an additional $2 million in venture capital to test its technology.
The tempered-glass panels offer asphalt-like traction, support the weight of semi-trucks,
include LEDs for signage, and contain heating elements to melt snow and ice.
Could solar panels really pave the roads of the future? Proponents see endless possibilities,
but others raise questions about cost, efficiency, and durability.
The sheer amount of surfaces each country devotes to roadways is enormous.
Allowing this space to double as a solar farm could have very positive implications in the
battle to put a halt to climate change.
They estimate that their panels, if used in lieu of existing U.S. roads and walkways, could
produce more than three times the electricity used in the United States.
Besides, they say their panels could charge electric vehicles, first on solar parking lots.
With enough solar highways and cars with the right equipment (to pick up energy from
induction plates in the road) they might even be able to charge vehicles while moving.
“Aside from road dust, particularly black tire dust and diesel exhaust, which will quickly
cover a portion of each panel, the continuous traffic covering panels will reduce their solar
output,” says Jacobson, adding they’ll likely suffer more wear and tear and need more
repairs than other solar panels.
Despite high costs, company chairman Peter Harrop says solar roads might work in places
that are putting down roads for the first time. “They need early technology adopters like
China that want to leapfrog in development.”
1. What is the main subject of the passage?
a. bike paths
b. solar panels
c. solar roads
d. chinese interstate systems
Pembahasan
from the first until the end paragraph , it’s focus on “solar roads”, meanwhile on the others
multiple choise not write on the passage, so the best answer is C

 SKILL 2 “RECOGNIZE THE ORGANIZATION OF IDEAS”

Soal
Conflict within an organization is not always viewed as undesirable, various managers
have widely divergent ideas on the value that conflict can have. According to the traditional
view of conflict, conflict is harmful to an organization. Managers with this traditional view of
conflict see it as their role in an organization to rid the organization of any possible sources of
conflict.
The interactionist view of conflict on the other hand, holds that conflict can serve an
important function in an organization by reducing complacency among workers and causing
positive changes to occur. Managers who hold an interactionist view of conflict may actually
take steps to stimulate within the organization.

2. How is the information in the passage organized?

a. The origin of ideas about conflict is presented
b. Contrasting views of conflicts are presented.
c. Two theorists discuss the strength and weaknesses of their views on conflict.
d. Examples of conflict within organizations are presented

Pembahasan
The first paragraph tell abaout the weaknesses and the second paragraph explain abaout the
strength of conflict

 SKILL 3 “ ANSWER STATED DETAIL QUESTIONS CORRECTLY”

Soal (This passage for skill 3,4,5 and 8)
Producers, Consumers, and Decomposers
A] Organisms that are capable of using carbon dioxide as their sole source of carbon are
called autotrophs (self-feeders), or producers. These are the plants. They chemically fix
carbon through photosynthesis. Organisms that depend on producers as their carbon source
are called heterotrophs (feed on others), or consiumers. Generally, these are animals. From
the producers, which manufacture their own food, energy flows through the system along a
circuit called the food chain reaching consumers and eventually detritivores. Organisms that
share the same basic foods are said to be at the same trophic level. Ecosystems generally are
structured in a food web, a complex network of interconnected food chains. In a food web,
consumers participate in several different food chains, comprising both strong interactions
and weak interactions between species in the food web.
B] Detritivores (detritus feeders and decomposers) are the final link in the endless chain.
Detritivores renew the entire system by releasing simple inor ganic compounds and nutrients
with the breaking down of organic materials. Detritus refers to all the dead organic debris—
remains, fallen leaves, and wastes—that living processes leave. Detritus feeders—worms,
mites, termites, vultures, among others—worklike an army to consume detritus and excrete
nutrients that fuel an ecosystem. Decomposers are primarily bacteria and fungi that digest
organic debris outside their bodies and absorb and release nutrients in the process. This
metabolic work of microbial decomposers produces the rotting that breaks down detritus.
Detritus feeders and decomposers, although different in operation, have a similar function in
an ecosystrm.
3. According to paragraph 1, which of the following is true about autotrophs?
a. They use a chemical process to produce their own food.
b. They require plant matter in order to survive.
c. They need producers to provide them with carbon.
d. They do not interact with other organisms in the food chain.
Paragraph 1 is marked with an arrow A].
Pembahasan
From this passage “Organisms that are capable of using carbon dioxide as their sole source
of carbon are called autotrophs (self-feeders), or producers. These are the plants. They
chemically fix carbon through photosynthesis.” We can conclude that plant as producer
/autotrophs can make their own food with chemical reaction.
 SKILL 4 “FIND "UNSTATED" DETAILS”
Soal
4. According to the passage, all of the following characteristics describe producers,
except…
a. Producers serve as food for consumers.
b. Producers make their own food.
c. Producers form the first trophic level.
d. Producers include bacteria and fungi.

Pembahasan
Based on paragraph2 Bacteria and fungi is part of decomposer, so it is not characteristic of
producers.
  SKILL 5 “FIND PRONOUN REFERENTS”
Soal

5. The word others in the passage refers to…

a. Debris
b. Feeders
c. Processes
d. Nutrients

Pembahasan
“Detritus feeders—worms, mites, termites, vultures, among others—worklike an army to
consume detritus…” according to the statement we know that worms,mites, termites, and
vulture is a member of feeders.

 SKILL 6 “ANSWER IMPLIED DETAIL QUESTIONS CORRECTLY”

Soal
Until 1996, the Sears Tower was the tallest building in the world, with more than a
hundred stories. It is located in Chicago, whose nickname is the Windy City. The
combination of a very tall building in a city with such weather conditions leads to a lot of
swaying in the breeze.
On a windy day, the top of the building can move back and forth as much as three feet
every few seconds. The inside doors at the top of the building open and close, and water in
sinks sloshes back and forth.

6. It can be inferred from the passage that Chicago

a. has moderate weather
b. is generally warm
c. has humid weather
d. usually has a lot of wind

Pembahasan
The passage explaind that Chicago has nickname Windy City it’s mean there usually has a lot
of wind

 SKILL 7 “ANSWER TRANSITION QUESTIONS CORRECTLY”

Soal
The next hormone is epinephrine, or adrenaline. This hormone is a natural secretion
of the adrenal glands in the human body. Its primary function in the human body is to assist
the body in coping with sudden surges of stress. When a person unexpectedly finds himself in
a stressful situation filled with fear or anger, a large amount of epinephrine is released into
the blood and the body responds with an increased heartbeat, higher blood pressure, and
conversion of glycogen into glucose for energy to enable the body to deal with the stress.
;It is possible to extract epinephrine from the adrenal glands of animals or to
synthesize it chemically in order to put it to further use. It is used in the treatment of severe
asthma, where it relaxes the large muscles of the bronchi, the large air passages leading into
the lungs. It is also used in cases of severe allergic reaction or cardiac arrest.
 
7. The paragraph preceding the passage most probably discusses
a. further uses of epinephrine
b. the treatment of cardiac arrest
c. a different hormone
d. the secretions of the adrenal glands

Pembahasan
The first paragraph tell about epinephirine, and there is nothing to choose one except A
because only A that talk about epinephrine.

 SKILL 8 “FIND DEFINITIONS FROM STRUCTURAL CLUES”

Soal
8. The word sole in the passage is closest in meaning to…
a. Major
b. Steady
c. Only
d. ideal
Pembahasan
The meaning of sole is the only one