Grade 10 Q2 MATH LAS
Grade 10 Q2 MATH LAS
Grade 10 Q2 MATH LAS
MATHEMATICS
Second Quarter
Department of Education
Region II – Cagayan Valley
COPYRIGHT PAGE
Learning Activity Sheet in Mathematics
Grade 10
Copyright © 2020
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Regional Office No. 02 (Cagayan Valley)
Regional Government Center, Carig Sur, Tuguegarao City, 3500
“No copy of this material shall subsist in any work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior
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exploitation of such work for profit”
This material has been developed for the implementation of K to 12 Curriculum through the Curriculum
and Learning Management Division (CLMD). It can be reproduced for educational purposes and the
source must be acknowledged. Derivatives of the work including creating an edited version, an
enhancement of supplementary work are permitted provided all original works are acknowledged and
the copyright is attributed. No work may be derived from this material for commercial purposes and
profit.
Consultants:
Regional Director : ESTELA L. CARIÑO, EdD., CESO IV
Assistant Regional Director : JESSIE L. AMIN, EdD., CESO V
Schools Division Superintendent : RACHEL R. LLANA, PhD., CESO VI
Asst. Schools Division Superintendent : MARY JULIE A. TRUS, PhD., CESE
Chief Education Supervisor, CLMD : OCTAVIO V. CABASAG, PhD.
Chief Education Supervisor, CID : EVELYN V. RAMOS
Development Team
Writers : ILLESES, FELIPE R., RASOS, BEATRIZ G, TABERBA, JIMBO,
ACOSTA, JAIME ACE B.
Content Editor : NIMFA NORIE A. AQUINO, PhD, MATH - EPS, Nueva Vizcaya
Language Editor : JONHNNY T. PAGADUAN JR.
Layout Artists : CHESTER C. CORTEZ, JASTINE GERALD T. DESCALZO
Focal Persons : NIMFA NORIE A. AQUINO, PhD, MATH - EPS, Nueva Vizcaya
: BERMELITA E. GUILLERMO, PhD., Division LR Supervisor
: ISAGANI R. DURUIN, PhD., MATH Regional EPS
: RIZALINO G. CARONAN, Regional LR Supervisor
Competency Page
Number
illustrates polynomial functions (M10AL–IIa–1). 1
Understands, describes and interprets the graphs of polynomial functions; and 8
solves problems involving polynomial functions (M10AL–IIb–1 and M10AL–
IIb-2).
Derives inductively the relations among chords, arcs, central angles and inscribed 27
angles (M10GE IIc-1).
proves theorems related to chords, arcs, central angles and inscribed angles 34
(M10GE IIc-d-1).
Illustrate secants, tangents and sectors of a circle (M10GE-IIe-1). Illustrate 45
secants, tangents and sectors of a circle (M10GE-IIe-1).
proves theorems on secants, tangents and segments of a circle (M10GE-IIe-f-1) 54
Solves problems on circles (M10GE-IIf-2). 64
Applies the distance formula to prove some geometric properties (M10GEIIg1 - 72
2).
illustrates the center-radius form of the equation of a circle (M10GE-lIh-1) and 83
determines the center and the radius of a circle given its equation and vice versa
(M10GE-lIh-2).
Graphs and solves problems involving circles and other geometric figures on 96
the coordinate plane. (M10GE-IIi-1 and M10GE-IIi-j-1)
MATHEMATICS 10
Name: ____________________________ Grade Level: ________
Date: _____________________________ Score: _____________
This activity sheet is developed to serve as a learning guide for Grade 10 learners. It
will help you understand polynomial functions better.
The concepts of polynomial functions are applied in real-life situation. Some of these
are suspension bridges, roller coasters and even shapes formed by ropes or wires. Identifying
and illustrating polynomial functions is one of the basic competencies that Grade 10 students
need to acquire in High School Mathematics. To help you attain this goal, you need to recall
the definition of polynomials and others concepts related to it. As you go through the activities
in this learning material, it is expected that you are able to define and illustrate polynomial
functions and relate this to real life.
Learning Competency
This learning resource contains series of activities that are specifically designed for you
to accomplish independently. Complete all the activities so that you will be able to define and
illustrate polynomial functions. You may use other references or browse the internet if there
are concepts or terminologies that are not familiar to you for better understanding. You may
also contact your teacher if necessary.
Let’s Recall:
A POLYNOMIAL is a monomial or a sum of
monomials.
A POLYNOMIAL IN ONE VARIABLE is a
polynomial that contains only one variable.
Example: 7x2 + 3x – 5
For this polynomial function, an is the leading coefficient, a0 is the constant term,
and n is the degree of the polynomial function.
A polynomial function written with its terms arranged according to descending
powers of x is said to be in STANDARD FORM.
The value of n in p(x) determines the DEGREE of the polynomial.
The LEADING COEFFICIENT is the coefficient of the term with the highest
degree.
Example:
1. f(x) = 5x3 – 2x2-+ 7x – 4
The polynomial function is in standard form
The degree is 3, the leading coefficient is 5 and it has 4 terms
Determine whether the following are polynomial functions or not. On the space
provided before each item, write PF if it is a polynomial function and NPF if it is not a
polynomial function.
Identify which of the given set of functions are NOT polynomial functions and state
your reasons. Write your answers in the box.
1. 𝑓(𝑥) = 2 − 𝑥 + 3𝑥 ! − 4𝑥 &
2. 𝑃(𝑥) = √5𝑥 ' + 2𝑥 " − 𝑥
3. 𝑦 = (3𝑥 ! + 2𝑥)!
4. 𝑓(𝑥) = √5𝑥 + 3
5. 𝑦 = −4𝑥 ! + 2𝑥 #$
Examples:
Factored form
2
1. P(x) = x + 3x + 2 P(x) = (x + 2) (x + 1)
2. g(x) = x2 – 9 g(x) = (x + 3) (x – 3)
3. f(x) = x3 – x2 – 10x – 8 f(x) = (x + 1)(x + 2)(x – 4)
4. h(x) = x3 + 3x2 + 2x h(x) = x (x + 2) (x + 1)
Match the following polynomial functions with their corresponding factored form to
find out the answer to question above. Write the letter of your answers on the space provided
before each item and above the corresponding numbers below.
A B
3 2
____ 1. P(x) = x + 4x + x – 6 A. x (x + 2) (x – 2) (x + 3) (x – 3)
3 2
____ 2. P(x) = x – 4x + x + 6 G. (x + 1) (x – 1) (x + 2) (x – 2)
4 2
____ 3. P(x) = x – 5x + 4 I. (x + 5) (x +1) (x – 1)
____ 4. P(x) = x3 + 5x2 – x – 5 N. (x + 1) (x – 2) (x – 3)
5 3
____ 5. P(x) = x – 13x + 36x O. x (x – 2) (x – 2) (x + 3) (x + 3)
S. (x + 2) (x – 1) (x + 3)
ANSWER:
___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___
1 4 2 3 4 5 2
To evaluate a polynomial function, substitute the given value of x in the function then
solve for the value of f(x).
Illustrative Example:
Evaluate the polynomial function f(x) = 3x3 + 2x2 – 5x + 30 for f(-2) and f(3)
Solution:
1. f(x) = 3x3 + 2x2 – 5x + 30 2. f(x) = 3x3 + 2x2 – 5x + 30
f(-2) = 3(-2)3 + 2(-2)2 – 5(-2) + 30 f(-2) = 3(3)3 + 2(3)2 – 5(3) + 30
= 3(-8) – 2(4) + 10 + 30 f(-2) = 3(27) + 2(6) – 15 + 30
= –24 – 8 + 10 + 30 = 81 + 12 – 15 + 30
= –32 + 40 = 93 – 15 + 30
f(-2) = 8 = 78 + 30
f(3) = 108
Definition: If P(x) is a polynomial function and c is a number such that P(c) = 0, then we say
that c is a zero of P(x), x – c is a factor and x = c is a root of P(x). The following
are equivalent ways of saying the same thing.
Examples:
When we graph a polynomial function, we are able to find the roots of the polynomial
function through the x-intercepts of the graph. Moreover, we can easily graph a polynomial
function through it roots, zeros or x – intercepts. To do this, we factor first the polynomial and
then use the Zero-Product Property.
Solution:
Closure
• A POLYNOMIAL is a monomial or a sum of monomials.
• A Polynomial Function is defined by:
p( x) = a n x n + a n -1 x n -1 + a n - 2 x n - 2 + ... + a 2 x 2 + a1 x + a0 where
an , an-1 , an-2 , ... a2 , a1 , and a0 are real numbers, an ¹ 0 and n is a nonnegative integer.
• Polynomial functions may also be written in factored form or as a product of
irreducible factors.
Reflection
References
https://www.google.com/search?q=polygon+with+nine+sides&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=
X&ved=2ahUKEwim0MbfqMLpAhUJEqYKHdWNA2oQ_AUoAXoECA4QAw&biw
=1042&bih=722#imgrc=BJfq7YToKJZDBM
https://www.cleveland.com/resizer/_YPmd_RooeZau0c7-
CeolK5gnmc=/1280x0/smart/advancelocal-adapter-image-
uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/image.cleveland.com/home/cleve-
media/width2048/img/travel_impact/photo/millennium-force-rated-worlds-best-steel-
coaster-44eddb9398b84ae8.jpg
https://www.pngitem.com/pimgs/m/8-88347_roller-coaster-png-image-clipart-roller-coaster-
clipart.png
Activity 1 Activity 2
1. 1. Polynomial function
2. 2. Polynomial function
3. Polynomial function
3.
4. Not, there is a variable inside the radical sign
4. 5. Not, there is a negative exponent
5.
Activity 3
Polynomial Function Is it in Degree Leading Number
Standard Coefficient of terms
form? Yes/No
1. 𝑦 = 2𝑥4 − 5𝑥2 + 4 YES 4 2 3
2. f(x) = x2 + x3 – 12x NO 3 1 3
3. p(x) = x + 8x+12
2 YES 2 1 3
4. g(x) = 6𝑥 " + 4𝑥 ! + 6 YES 3 6 3
5. h(x) = 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐𝒙𝟑 − 𝒙𝟒 + 𝟑 NO 4 –1 4
Writer/Illustrator:
FELIPE R. ILLESES
Teacher III
Bagabag National High School
1. If the leading coefficient, an, of the polynomial is positive, then the right-hand side of
the graph will rise towards + infinity.
2. If the leading coefficient, an, of the polynomial is negative, then the right-hand side of
the graph will fall towards - infinity.
An nth degree polynomial in one variable has at most n real zeros. There are exactly n real
or complex zeros. An nth degree polynomial in one variable has at most n-1 turns in the graph.
Real Zeros
If f(x) is a polynomial function in one variable, then the following statements are
equivalent:
x = a is a zero or root of the function f.
x = a is a solution of the equation f(x) = 0.
(x – a) is a factor of the function f.
(a,0) is an x-intercept of the graph of f(x).
The claim is made that there are at most n real zeros. There is no claim made that they
are all unique (different). Some of the roots may be repeated. These are called repeated
roots. Repeated roots are tied to a concept called multiplicity. The multiplicity of a root is
the number of times a root is an answer. The easiest way to determine the multiplicity of a
root is to look at the exponent on the corresponding factor.
Ø If the multiplicity is odd, the graph will cross the x-axis at that zero. That is, it will change
sides, or be on opposite sides of the x-axis.
x-axis x-axis
x-axis
x-axis
Learning Competency
The learner understands, describes and interprets the graphs of polynomial functions;
and solves problems involving polynomial functions (M10AL–IIb–1 and M10AL–IIb-2).
This learning resource contains series of activities that are specifically designed for you
to accomplish independently. Complete all the activities so that you will be able to graph,
understand, describe and interpret the graphs of polynomial functions. You may use other
references or browse the internet if there are concepts or terminologies that are not familiar to
you for better understanding. You may also contact your teacher if necessary.
Graph the following polynomial functions by completing the table of values, give its
properties then answer the guide questions that follow. (Please use smooth curve on turning
point/s of the graph)
1. f(x) = 2x + 1 2. f(x) = x2 + 2x – 3
x -2 -1 0 1 2 3 x -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2
y y
Remember:
Ø A first-degree polynomial function has 1 X-INTERCEPT
Ø A second-degree polynomial function has at most 2 X-INTERCEPTS
Ø A third-degree polynomial function has at most 3 X-INTERCEPTS
Ø A fourth-degree polynomial function has at most 4 X-INTERCEPTS
Ø A fifth-degree polynomial function has at most 5 X-INTERCEPTS.
In the previous activity you have understood the graph and properties of a 1st, 2nd
degree and 3rd degree polynomial function. Now, let us see what happens with the graph
of a 4th, 5th and 6th degree polynomial functions.
Use the graphs and equations of the following higher degree polynomial functions to
give what is asked in each item. Write your answers on the space provided.
A. f(x) = x4 – 10x + 9
1. f(x) = ax + b 1 0 1 1
2. f(x) = ax2 + bx + c 2 1 2 2
6. 6
7. 7
8. 8
9. 9
10. 10
For further reference on this topic, you may visit the link below:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CHEtGgTexHI
ACTIVITY 4: Multi-Tasking
Given the graphs and equations of the following higher degree polynomial functions with
multiplicity of factors, give what is asked from the questions after each graph. Write your
answers on the space provided.
(x – 1) is a factor
A. f(x) = x3 – x2 – x + 1
(1 is a zero) with multiplicity 2
factored form: f(x) = (x + 1) (x – 1)2
When a graph of a polynomial function passes at an x-intercept where the zero has a
multiplicity of 2, 4, 6, 8 or so on (even numbers), this happens:
OR
Notice that the part of the graph of the polynomial function only touches the x-axis at the
identified zero but it did cross it.
When a graph of a polynomial function passes at an x-intercept where the zero has a
multiplicity of 3, 5, 7, 9 or so on (odd numbers), this happens:
OR
In this case, the part of the graph of the polynomial function crosses the x-axis at the
identified zero.
These concepts will be needed when you will be sketching graphs of polynomial functions
in the next activity.
For further reference on this topic, you may visit the link below:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CHEtGgTexHI
Based from the concepts you have learned in activity 3 and 4, draw or sketch the graph
of the following polynomial functions. Use the cartesian coordinate plane below each item.
For further reference on this topic, you may visit the link below:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CHEtGgTexHI
Word problems are just a jumble of words and numbers. However, you can develop
skills in solving word problems through constant practice and diligence in answering
mathematical word problems. As you go and try more, you will appreciate the sense of these
problems by understanding the problem-solving processes. Indeed, as you move forward in
There are variety of tools for solving problems on polynomial functions. Becoming
good at it entails constant practice and patience. Let’s try to answer some worded problems.
1. Give the standard form of the polynomial function h(x) with x intercepts at 5, -1 and 3.
To solve this type of problem we must express first the x-intercepts as factors.
If 5 is an x-intercept, x – 5 is a factor
If – 1 is an x-intercept, x + 1 is a factor
If 3 is an x-intercept, x – 3 is a factor
Thus, the polynomial function in factored form will be h(x) = (x – 5)(x+1)(x – 3).
Multiplying the factors, we get h(x) = x3 – 7x2 +7x + 15. This is now the standard form
of the polynomial function with x intercepts at 5, -1 and 3.
2. Find the dimension of the largest rectangular lot that can be enclosed by 100m of wire.
Solution: We are looking for the largest rectangular lot that can be enclosed by 100m of
wire. If we let the side of the rectangular lot be x and y, 2L + 2W =100, since the
perimeter of a rectangular lot is 100.
But since we are looking for the lot with maximum area, we use trial and error:
W= 24 23 25
L = 26 27 25
Perimeter: Perimeter: Perimeter:
2L + 2W 2L + 2W 2L + 2W
2(26) + 2(24) = 100 2(27) + 2(23) = 100 2(25) + 2(25) = 100
Solution:
The function is N(w) = 5w3 – 17w2 – 16w + 34 represents the model for the number of eggs
(N) of a moth where w in mm is the abdominal width of the month. We are trying to find the
number of eggs the month have if its abdominal width is 10mm.
Solve the following problems. Write your complete solutions in a sheet of paper.
1. Give the standard form of the polynomial function f(x) whose factors are
(x – 5) and (x +2).
2. Give the standard form of the polynomial function g(x) with x intercepts at -3, -1 and 2.
3. Find the dimension of the largest rectangular lot that can be enclosed by 80m of wire.
4. Bagabag, Nueva Vizcaya is one of the best producers of pineapples in the Region 2.
Bagabag pineapples are so popular because of its high quality and sweet taste. Mang
Ramon, a pineapple farmer, determines that its profit (P) in thousands of pesos per harvest
can be modeled by the polynomial function P(x)= 0.00005x3 + x - 1, where x represents
the number of pineapples harvested and sold. Using the given polynomial function,
identify and solve the following:
a. leading coefficient
b. leading term
c. degree of the polynomial
d. constant term
e. compute the profit of Mang Ramon after harvesting 1000 pcs of pineapples.
5. PLT resort is a booming wellness and mountain resort in Solano, Nueva Vizcaya. It has
three swimming pools besides a mountain. The owner is planning to construct a new
swimming pool with a maximum capacity of 5000 cubic feet of water. If the volume of
the water in the swimming pool can be modeled by using the function V(t) = t3 + 40t2 +
175t where t is the number of hours it takes to fill the swimming pool.
Closure
1. What have you observed with the end behaviors of the graphs of polynomial function
with even degree? _____________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
2. How about the end behaviors of the graphs of polynomial function with odd
degree?______________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
3. How can you determine if the left-end behavior of a polynomial function is rising or
falling? ______________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
Reflection
I have learned _____________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
References
Callanta, M., et. al., (2015). Mathematics Learner’s Module for Grade10: Rex Book Store,
Inc. Pasig City
https://www.google.com/search?q=polygon+with+nine+sides&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=
X&ved=2ahUKEwim0MbfqMLpAhUJEqYKHdWNA2oQ_AUoAXoECA4QAw&biw
=1042&bih=722#imgrc=BJfq7YToKJZDBM
https://www.cleveland.com/resizer/_YPmd_RooeZau0c7-
CeolK5gnmc=/1280x0/smart/advancelocal-adapter-image-
uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/image.cleveland.com/home/cleve-
media/width2048/img/travel_impact/photo/millennium-force-rated-worlds-best-steel-
coaster-44eddb9398b84ae8.jpg
https://www.pngitem.com/pimgs/m/8-88347_roller-coaster-png-image-clipart-roller-coaster-
clipart.png
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f1/Akashi_Bridge.JPG
https://www.google.com/search?q=polygon+with+nine+sides&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=
X&ved=2ahUKEwim0MbfqMLpAhUJEqYKHdWNA2oQ_AUoAXoECA4QAw&biw
=1042&bih=722#imgrc=BJfq7YToKJZDBM
Activity 1
1. 2.
x -2 -1 0 1 2 3 x -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2
y -3 -1 1 3 5 7 y 5 0 -3 -4 -3 0 5
0
Degree: 1 Degree: 2
x-intercept: (-1/2,0) x-intercepts: (-3.0) and ((1,0)
y-intercept: (0,1) y-intercept: (0,-3)
Number of turning points: 0 Number of turning points: 1
Factors: (2x+1) Factors: (x+3)(x-1)
Domain: any real number Domain: any real number
Range: any real number Range: {y/ y≥ - 4}
3. f(x) = x3 – 2x2 – 5x + 6
x -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4
y -30 0 8 6 0 -4 0 18
Degree:3
x-intercepts: (-2,0) (1,0) and (3,0)
y-intercept: (0,6)
Number of turning points: 2
Factors: (x+2) (x-1) (x-3)
Domain: any real number
Range: any real number
Activity 2
A. 1. 4
2. 4
3. 4
4. The number of factors is the same as the number of x intercepts
5. rising
6. rising
7. 3
B. 1. 5
2. 5
3. 5
4. The number of factors is the same as the number of x intercepts
5. falling
6. rising
7. 4
C. 1. 6
2. 6
3. 6
4. The number of factors is the number of x intercepts
5. rising
6. rising
7. 5
D. 1. 4
2. 4
3. 4
4. The number of factors is the number of x intercepts
5. falling
6. falling
7. 3
Guide Questions
1. Yes
2. Same graph as m but the other one is inverted m
3. Positive 1
4. Negative 1
5. A negative coefficient makes the left end trend in decreasing trend.
6. It will be the reflection of the graph along y=0 or it wil be inverted with respect to the
line y=0.
4. f(x) = ax + b 1 0 1 1
5. f(x) = ax2 + bx + c 2 1 2 2
Activity 4
A.
1. 3
2. 3
3. 2
4. The graph turns immediately at x = 1
B.
1. 4
2. 4
3. 2
4. The graphs has three turns or like a flattened s at x = 1
1. 2.
3. 4.
Guide Questions:
1. They are either both rising or both falling, they have the same direction
2. If left end is rising the other end is falling and vice versa
3. For even degree functions, both end is rising if the leading coefficient is positive and
both is falling if it is negative. While for odd degree functions, the left-end is falling
while right-end is rising if the leading coefficient is positive and the other way around
if the leading coefficient is negative
4. It becomes a turning point.
5. The graph passes the point at a shape of flattened s.
6. We need the x-intercepts, the degree of the function, the number of factors and their
multiplicity, the sign of the leading coefficient.
1. f(x) = x2 – 3x – 10
2. g(x) = f(x) = x3 + 2x2 – 5x – 6
3. 20m x 20m
4. a. 0.00005
b. 0.00005x3
c. 3
d. – 1
e. 50,999
5. a. 912 cubic feet
b. 8.6 hours
6. a. 653 visitors
b. 86,429 visitors
Prepared by:
FELIPE R. ILLESES
Teacher III
Bagabag National High School
Writer/Illustrator
Background Information
What happens when an angle is drawn in a circle? How can an angle be drawn in
a circle? Let’s find out as we go through the series of learning activities in this learning
material. But before we proceed, let’s have a recall first on some basic terms related to
circles.
A circle is the set of all points in the plane that are the same distance away from a
specific point, called the center. An arc is a portion of the circumference of a circle and a
chord is formed when a straight line is drawn between the end points of the arcs. Segments
drawn within, through, or tangent to the circle create angles which we can define and
measure. An angle formed by two radii with the vertex at the center of the circle is called
central angle while an angle with its vertex "on" the circle, formed by two intersecting
chords is known as inscribed angle.
Circles are present in real life, both in the natural world and in man-made creations.
One great example of circle that you can find in real life is a Ferris wheel. All the points
along the outer rim of the wheel are equidistant from the center. Find out more about the
importance of a circle as you deal with the different learning activities in this material.
Learning Competency
The learner derives inductively the relations among chords, arcs, central angles and
inscribed angles (M10GE IIc-1).
Directions
Given are series of activities. Perform the activities to be able to identity figures,
determine relations among segments, angles and arcs, and find their measures as well. Each
correct answer is equivalent to 1 point. You may contact your teacher if you encounter
problems in doing the activities.
A circle is the set of all points in the plane that are the same
distance away from a specific point, called the center. The center of the
circle below is point A. We call this circle “circle A,” and it is labeled
⨀A.
Radius: The distance from the center of the circle to its outer rim.
Chord: A line segment whose endpoints are on a circle.
Diameter: A chord that passes through the center of the circle. The
length of a diameter is two times the length of a radius.
Secant: A line that intersects a circle in two points.
Tangent: A line that intersects a circle in exactly one point.
Point of Tangency: The point where a tangent line touches the
circle.
Recall that lines or line segments can be drawn on a circle and when that happens
angles and arcs are formed. The 3 segments that could be drawn on a circle are the radius, the
chord and the diameter. The radius connects the center to any point on the circle, the chord
connects any two points on the circle while the diameter is a chord that passes through the
center.
ACTIVITY 1: Inter-Connected
Based on the figure given at the right, match column A with that of column B by
connecting them with a line.
Column A Column B
1. Radius a) B͞D
2. Chord b) B͡D
3. Diameter c) B͞C
5. Major arc e) AB
6. Semicircle f) DBC
Give what is asked in each item below. Write your answers on the space provided.
4. After connecting point A to points B and C, a central angle of the circle is formed.
What is the vertex? What are the sides of the central angle?
Vertex: Sides:
5. Considering the vertex and the sides of the angle, define a central angle.
From the next figure, give what is asked in each item below. Write your
answers on the space provided.
Determine the measures of the central angle and its intercepted arc. Use a protractor to
measure angles. Write the measures on the space provided for.
2. Construct the central angle ∠QOR and find its measure using a
protractor. m∠QOR =
Another angle that could be drawn in a circle is the inscribed angle. It is an angle formed
by two chords intersecting in the circle. Remember that a chord is a segment that connects any
two points in the circle. Give what is asked in each item below. Write your answers on the
space provided.
Study the given figure below and give what is asked in each item to discover the
relationship between the measures of an inscribed angle and its intercepted arc. Write your
answers on the space provided.
ACTIVITY 7: Be Measurable!
Apply the concepts you have learned from the previous activities to find the measures
of angles and arcs in the given figure. Write your answers on the space provided.
Closure
1. Not all angles located in the interior of the circle are central angles. Central Angles are
those whose vertex is the center of the circle and the sides are radii. Also, not all angles
whose vertex is on the circle are inscribed, only those whose sides are both chords of
the circle.
2. The measure of an angle on a circle can be determined based on its intercepted arc or
vice versa.
References
Callanta, Melvin M. 2015, Mathematics – Grade 10 Learner’s Module, Quezon City,
Philippines, REX Book Store Inc.
https://www.onlinemathlearning.com/diameter-of-circle.html
https://www.ck12.org/geometry/parts-of-circles/lesson/Parts-of-Circles-BSC-GEOM/
BEATRIZ G. RASOS
Bintawan National High School
Writer
Answers Key
ACTIVITY 1 ACTIVITY 2
ACTIVITY 3 ACTIVITY 4
1. A͡C 1. 90 ͦ
2. E͡R 2. 90 ͦ
3. ∠ COE 3. their measures are equal or the same measurements
4. the measure of a central angle is equal to the measure
of its intercepted arc.
ACTIVITY 5
1. C
2. 3
3. ∠MHT
4. H͡T
5. M͡H
ACTIVITY 6
1. ∠E
2. H͡P
3. 90 ͦ
4. 45 ͦ
5. The measure of an inscribed angle is half the measure of its intercepted arc.
ACTIVITY 7
1. 110° 6. 55°
2. 70° 7. 40°
3. 100° 8. 95°
4. 190° 9. 50°
5. 70° 10. 90°
BEATRIZ G. RASOS
Bintawan National High School
Writer
Background information
Theorems are very useful in solving problems in Geometry. But before they can
be used, they should be proven first. One way of proving is the two-column proof which
you have used in proving triangle congruence in Mathematics 9.
Learning Competency
The learner proves theorems related to chords, arcs, central angles and inscribed angles
(M10GE IIc-d-1).
Directions
Study and analyze each theorem well, illustrate them, identify the givens and what is to
be proven then formulate the proofs following the directions given in each activity. Given are
series of activities. You may contact your teacher if you encounter problems in doing the
activities.
Let’s Recall
Before we proceed to the activities, let us first recall important points in formulating
logical proofs.
In the logical proof, we can always start from deriving a statement from the given which
could be its consequence. The next statement should be a follow up of the preceding statement
leading to the proof. Each statement should correspond to a reason which could be a definition,
a postulate, a theorem or a mathematical property.
Prove the given theorem: In a circle or congruent circles, 2 minor arcs are congruent
if and only if their corresponding central angles are congruent.
To prove the theorem, represent it first through illustration then determine the given
needed in proving.
C
It is stated in the theorem that if the given circles are congruent
A (ʘA ≅ ʘO), 2 minor arcs are also congruent (C͡T ≅ D͡G) if and only
T if their corresponding central angles are congruent (∠A ≅ ∠O). Thus,
we need to prove that the intercepted arcs of the angles are congruent
to prove that the theorem is true. Using the symbols in the illustrations,
D G the statement can be written as:
Given: ʘA ≅ ʘO
O ∠A ≅ ∠O
Prove: C͡T ≅ D͡G
Study the logical proof of the theorem in the table below with the proper sequencing of
the statements and their corresponding reasons.
Logical Proof
Statement Reasons
1. ʘA ≅ ʘO 1. Given
∠A ≅ ∠O
2. m∠A = m∠O 2. Congruent angles have equal measures
3. m∠A = m C͡T 3. The measure of a central angle equals the measure of its intercepted
m∠O = m D͡G arc.
4. mC͡T = m D͡G 4. Substitution rule
5. ∴ C͡T ≅ D͡G 5. Arcs with equal measures are congruent.
As recalled above, the first statement should be taken from the given. Thus, the
corresponding reason is Given. Since it is given that ∠A ≅ ∠O, the consequence is m∠A =
m∠O (statement 2). In the figure, ∠A and ∠O are central angles and they intercept arcs C͡T
and D͡G. This leads to statement 3 and the corresponding reason explains it. Since m∠A =
m∠O and m∠O = mD͡G, then mC͡T = mD͡G (statement 4). This explains the Substitution Rule.
Since mC͡T = m D͡G, therefore C͡T ≅ D͡G and the reason is they have equal measures.
So, as you see, there should be proper sequencing of the statements from the given up
to what is to be proven. The corresponding reasons explain the “why” of the statements. Now,
try to prove the next theorems.
Study the given theorem and fill up the logical proofs with logically arranged statements
with their corresponding reasons to come up with the logical proofs of the theorem. You may
choose your answers from the given statements and reasons below each table.
A. Theorem: If 2 central angles of a circle are congruent then their corresponding minor arcs
are congruent.
FIGURE:
Given: ∠BOA ≅ ∠COD
Prove: AS B ≅ CS D
Logical Proof
Statement Reasons
B. Theorem: If two chords of a circle or congruent circles are congruent then their
corresponding minor arcs are congruent.
Figure:
Statement Reasons
Study the theorem below and prove it using logical proof by completing the given
table. Prove that the given statements are true by choosing the corresponding reasons listed
below the table. Write the reasons in the appropriate column.
Theorem: In congruent circles, 2 minor arcs are congruent if and only if their corresponding
chords are congruent.
B Z
Illustrations: Given: ʘC ≅ ʘZ
A
Y A͞B ≅ X͞Y
C Z Prove: A͡B ≅ X͡Y
Statement Reasons
1. ʘC ≅ ʘZ 1.
A͞B ≅ X͞Y
2. A͞C ≅ X͞Z 2.
B͞C ≅ Y͞Z
3. ΔACB ≅ ΔXZY 3.
4. ∠C ≅ ∠Z 4.
5. m∠C = m∠Z 5.
6. m∠C = mA͡B 6.
m∠Z = m X͡Y
7. mA͡B = m X͡Y 7.
8. ∴A͡B ≅ X͡Y 8.
Theorem: In a circle, a radius bisects a chord and an arc with the same endpoints if and only if
the radius is perpendicular with the chord.
B
Illustration: A C Given: A͞C ꓕ B͞D
E
Prove: A͞E ≅ E͞C
Statement Reasons
1. 1. Given
2. 2. Perpendicular lines form right angles
3. 3. Triangles with right angles are right triangles
4. 4. Radii of the same circle are congruent
5. 5. A line segment is congruent to itself
6. 6. HyL congruent (hypotenuse- Leg)
7. 7. Corresponding parts of congruent triangles are congruent.
Statements:
a. A͞D ≅ D͞C e. ∠AED and ∠CED are right angles
b. E͞D ≅ E͞D f. ΔAED and ΔCED are right triangles
c. A͞C ꓕ B͞D g. ∴A͞E ≅ E͞C
d. ΔAED ≅ ΔCED
O Prove: ∠B ≅ ∠D
B D
Logical Proof
Statement Reasons
1. 1.
2. 2.
3. 3.
4. 4.
B. Illustrate the theorem then prove it through the table of logical proof.
Logical Proof
Statement Reasons
1. 1.
2. 2.
3. 3.
4. 4.
Theorem: If 2 central angles of a circle or congruent circles are congruent then their
corresponding chords are congruent.
Figure:
Logical Proof
Statement Reasons
1.
2.
3.
4.
Illustrate each of the given theorems and corollaries below and prove them by
constructing tables of logical proofs. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.\
A. Theorems
1. If two minor arcs of a circle or of congruent circles are congruent, then the
corresponding central angles are congruent.
2. If two chords of a circle or of congruent circles are congruent, then the
corresponding central angles are congruent
B. Corollaries
1. Opposite angles of an inscribed quadrilateral are supplementary.
CLOSURE
REFLECTION
REFERENCES
https://www.ck12.org/book/ck-12-geometry-concepts-honors/section/8.3/
ACTIVITY 1
A. Logical Proof
Statement Reasons
Statement Reasons
ACTIVITY 2
Reasons
1. Given
2. Radii of congruent circles are congruent
3. SSS theorem
4. Corresponding parts of congruent triangles are congruent
5. Congruent angles have equal measure
6. The measure of a central angle equal the measure of its intercepted arc
7. Substitution
8. Arcs with equal measures are congruent
ACTIVITY 3
Statements
1. A͞C ꓕ B͞D
2. ∠AED and ∠CED are right angles
3. ΔAED and ΔCED are right triangles
4. A͞D ≅ D͞C
5. E͞D ≅ E͞D
6. ΔAED ≅ ΔCED
7. A͞E ≅ E͞C
B.
C. Logical Proof
Statement Reasons
1. ∠BOA ≅ ∠COD
Given
2. m∠BOA ≅ mAB
Measure of central angles equal the measure of their
m∠COD ≅ mCD intercepted arcs
3. mAB ≅ mCD Substitution rule
4. AS B ≅ C& D Arcs with equal measures are congruent
Activity 5
A. 1. Figure:
Statements Reasons
1. A͡B ≅ C͡D 1. Given
2. m∠AOB = m A͡B 2. The measure of a central angle equals
m∠COD = m C͡D the measure of its intercepted arc
3. m∠AOB = m∠COD 3. Substitution Rule
4. ∴ ∠AOB ≅ ∠COD 4. Angles of equal measures are
congruent
Logical Proof
Statements Reasons
1. ͞AM ≅ H͞T 1. Given
2. A͞O ≅ O͞H 2. Radii of the same circle are
M͞O ≅ Od T
͞ congruent.
3. ΔAOM ≅ ΔHOT 3. SSS Congruence
4. ∴ ∠AOM ≅ ∠HOT 4. Corresponding parts of congruent
triangles are congruent.
B. 1. Figure:
Logical Proof
Statements Reasons
1. ABCD is inscribed in circle O 1. Given
2. mA͡B + mB͡C + mC͡D + mA͡D = 2. One complete rotation on a
360° circle is 360°.
3. The measure of an inscribed
3. m∠D =
()**+,(+*- angle is half the measure of its
! intercepted arc.
(-*. , ()*.
m∠B = !
4. Cross multiplication
4. 2 m∠D = mASS B + mBS C
2 m∠B = mC͡D + mA͡D 5. Applying substitution in
5. 2 m∠D + 2 m∠B = 360° statements 2 & 4.
6. Factoring
$
6. 2 (m∠D + m∠B) = 360° 7. Multiplying the equation by !
7. ∴ m∠D + m∠B = 180°
Prepared by
BEATRIZ G. RASOS
Bintawan National High School
Writer
A circle is defined as a set of all points in a given plane which lie at a fixed distance
from a fixed point in the plane. This fixed point is called the center of the circle and the fixed
distance is called the radius of the circle. Which between the two objects below is a concrete
example of a circle?
A B
You are right if your answer is option B. Many students are a bit confused in visualizing
a circle. In simpler understanding, it’s a circular figure which is hollow inside. The set of all
points mentioned in the definition is found at the rim of the ring.
The following are activities that will help you better understand secants, tangents and
sectors of a circle. Perform each activity and certain point is given to each correct answer. You
may contact your teacher if you encounter problems in doing the activities.
What to do?
Tell whether each of the lines in the given figures illustrates tangent line/s. Write Yes
in the second column if the line/s illustrate/s tangent line/s while No if it/they does/do not.
Write your reasons in the third column to explain your answers.
2.
3.
4.
Guide Questions:
1. How many point(s) of intersection does a tangent line and a circle have? ______
2. Does a tangent contain a chord on the circle? Yes or No. ______
3. How will you define “tangent”? ________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
What to do?
Tell whether each of the lines in the given figures illustrates secant line/s. Write Yes in
the second column if the line/s illustrate/s secant line/s while No if it/they does/do not. Write
your reasons in the third column to explain your answers.
2.
4.
5.
Guide Questions:
1. How many point(s) of intersection does a secant line and a circle have? ______
2. Does a secant contain a chord on the circle? Yes or No. ______
3. How will you define “secant”? ________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
What to do?
Name the secant and the tangent line present in each figure. Write your answers in the
corresponding column. You will be given 1 point for each identified tangent and secant.
Given Tangent Secant
1.
3.
4.
B
A
C
D
What to do?
Tell whether the shaded region is a sector of a circle or a segment of a circle. Just write
Yes in the appropriate column if it is present in the given figure while No if not. You will be
given 1 point for every correct answer. Refer to the given examples.
2.
NO YES
3.
5.
6.
Guide Questions:
1. What do we call the region bounded by an arc of the circle and the two radii to
endpoints of the arc? _____________________
2. What do we call the region bounded by an arc and the segment joining its endpoints?
____________________________________________________________________
What to do?
Identify and name a secant, external secant segment, tangent, tangent segment, sector
of a circle and segment of a circle in the figure below. Write your answers in the appropriate
columns in the given table.
Answers
Secant
External
Secant
Segment
Tangent
Tangent
Segment
Sector of a
circle
Segment of a
circle
What to do?
Identify the appropriate terms to describe the given symbols illustrated in ʘX. Write
your answers on the space provided.
C
A
E
N
S M
T
1. CT __________________________________
2. ST __________________________________
3. SN __________________________________
4. SC __________________________________
5. SN __________________________________
6. ST __________________________________
7. SE __________________________________
8. CE __________________________________
9. TC __________________________________
10. CA __________________________________
11. SB __________________________________
1. A tangent is a line in the plane of the circle that intersects the circle at exactly one point.
A tangent segment is a part of a tangent line.
2. A secant is a line in the plane of the circle that intersects the circle at exactly two points
and contains a chord of the circle. The part of the secant segment found outside the circle
is called external secant segment.
3. Sector of a circle is a region bounded by an arc of the circle and the two radii to
endpoints of the arc.
4. Segment of a circle is the region bounded by an arc and the segment joining its
endpoints.
Reflection
Project Ease
Kuta Software
www.mathworksheets4kids.com
https://www.chegg.com/homework-help/definitions/sectors-and-segments-63
Prepared by:
JIMBO M. TABERNA
Tuao High School
Activity 1
1. Yes, 2. No, 3. No, 4. Yes, 5. No
Line intersects the circle at exactly one point.
Activity 2
1. No, 2. Yes, 3. No, 4. No, 5. Yes
Line intersects the circle at two points.
Activity 3
Tangent Secant
1. AC AB
2. DA & DC
3. AB & CD
4. BC AE & BD
Activity 4
3. Yes No
4. No Yes
5. Yes No
6. Yes No
Activity 5
External
Tangent Sector of a Segment of
Secant Secant Tangent
Segment circle a circle
Segment
KJ, KL KC, KD AL AL JL CJ, DL
Activity 6
1. Secant 6. Tangent segment
2. Tangent Segment 7. Tangent segment
3. Secant 8. Tangent segment
4. Tangent 9. Secant
5. Secant Segment 10. External Secant Segment
11. External Secant Segment
Prepared by:
JIMBO M. TABERNA
Tuao High School
For this activity sheet, you will get acquainted with the relationships among tangent
and secant segments and how this concept facilitates finding solutions to real-life problems and
making decisions.
The learner proves theorems on secants, tangents and segments of a circle (M10GE-IIe-f-
1).
Directions
Below are activities that will help you better understand the relationships among
tangent and secant segments. Perform each activity and a point will be awarded to you for every
correct answer. You may contact your teacher if you encounter problems in doing the activities.
Good luck!
1. 3x =27 6. x2 =25
2. 4x = 20 7. x2 = 64
3. 6x = 3(12) 8. x2 = 12
4. 63 = 7x 9. x2 = 45
5. (8)(15) = 10x 10. x2 = 80
2. What mathematics concepts or principles did you apply in solving the equations?
S
N
T
E
A
•
Questions Answers
6. ⃖ll⃗
𝑆𝐽and ⃖ll⃗
𝐿𝐽 intersect at point J. How would you
describe point J in relation to the given circle?
Procedure:
1. In the given circle below, draw two intersecting chords BT and MN.
M
E
M T
• •
I Y C
L S
D
J
O
G
I
• S • R
E L
J E
F
•
W
K D
E
R A B C
Questions:
1. How did you arrive with your answers? _________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
2. What are the things that you have considered in naming the external secant
segment present in each figure? _______________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
3. How will you define an external secant segment? _________________________
_________________________________________________________________
1. If two chords of a circle intersect, then the product of the measures of the segments of
one chord is equal to the product of the measures of the segments of the other chord.
Given: AB and DE are chords of ʘC intersecting at M.
Prove: AM • BM = DM • EM
A
•C E
D M
B
Statement Reason
1. m∠BAE = ½ (mBE) and m∠
BDE = ½ (mBE)
2. BAE ≅LBDE
3. ∆AME≅ ∆DMB
4. EM/AM = BM/DM
5. AM • BM = DM • EM
Q
•T
D
S R
Statement Reason
1.∠QRP ≅ ∠RSQ and ∠PQS≅∠SRP
2. ∠DQS ≅ LDRP
3. ∆DQS ~∆DRP
4. DP/DR = DS/DQ
5. DP • DQ = DS • DR
3. If a tangent segment and a secant segment are drawn to a circle from an exterior point,
then the square of the length of the tangent segment is equal to the product of the lengths
of the secant segment and its external secant segment.
Given: KL and KM are tangent and secant segments, respectively, of ʘO drawn from
exterior point K.
L
•O
K M
N
Statement Reason
1. m∠NLK = ½ (mLN) and
2. m∠LMN = ½ (mLN)
3. m∠NLK = m∠LMN
8. m∠LNK = m∠KLM
9. ∠LNK ≅LKLM
12. KM • KN = |KL|2
Find the length of the unknown segment (x) in each of the given figures. You
may apply the theorems on chords, secant and tangent to find the answer. The first item is done
for you as an example.
3
4 A S͞G●L͞S = S͞A●F͞S
6 S
3(x) = (4)(6)
F • 8 units
3x = 24
x 3x = 24
3 = 3
x=8
G
2.
G
D
x
12
•
4 U
6
10 F
T
4.
S
x •
O R
9 A 16
5. M 4
S
x 6
C T
•
Closure
Consider the following in proving theorems on secants, tangents and segments of a circle.
Reflection
Project Ease
Kuta Software
www.mathworksheets4kids.com
Activity 2: My Segments
1. JL – tangent; JS – secant; AS; AT; LN – chords
2. NE; ET; AE; EL
3. AS; AJ; JL
4. A point outside the circle
Prepared by:
JIMBO M. TABERNA
Tuao High School
Problem solving is probably the most mind-numbing and tiring part in learning
mathematics. But do you know that this can be also the most exciting part for you will
be challenged to solve even the most difficult one? The accomplishment after solving
such gives feeling of joy and satisfaction.
This activity sheet will focus on different problems involving secant, tangent and
other related concepts on circles. It will provide you with opportunities to formulate and
solve real life problems that may prepare you in battling different issues in the
community. Enjoy answering all the problems and be a certified Math Solver!
Learning Competency
The learner solves problems on circles (M10GE-IIf-2).
Directions
The following are activities that will challenge your capability in solving problems
involving circles. The learning activities are designed for you to accomplish them all
independently. Try not to skip one activity for each will help you answer the other. You may
contact your teacher if you encounter problems in doing the activities. Good luck!
Solve the problem below by answering the guide questions. Write your
complete solution and answers in the appropriate places.
Problem: A bicycle chain fits tightly around two Graphical Representation:
gears. The smaller gear has a radius of 4 cm and
the bigger one has a radius of 8 cm. One side of
the chain attaching the gears has a length of 43 cm.
Find the distance between the centers of the two
gears.
(You may write your own solution here)
Solution:
Equation:
Answer:
Work in pairs to solve the problem below. You may choose a classmate
who is residing near you as your partner. You may contact your chosen partner through phone
calls, messaging or video calls. Write your complete solution in the space provided.
Gate 3
Solution:
Equation:
Answer:
Work in group with 5 members to solve the following problems. You may
choose your classmates who is residing near you as groupmates. You may contact your chosen
groupmates through phone calls, messaging or video calls. Write your complete solution in the
space provided.
C
R
Solve the problem below applying concepts that you have learned in solving
problems on circles. Write your complete solution and answer in the box.
Activity 5 No Problem!
Solve each given problem below applying concepts that you have learned
in solving problems on circles, then encircle the letter of your answer. Write your complete
solutions in a separate sheet if necessary.
1. The wheel of a scooter has diameter 140 cm. How many revolutions per minute must the
wheel make so that the speed of the scooter is kept at 132 km per hour?
Write your solution here:
A. 1100
B. 500
C. 250
D. 1000
A. 5
B. 5/2
C. 4√3
D. 3
3. The tire of a car has a radius of 10.5 inches. How many revolutions does the tire need to
make for the car to travel 13,200 inches? Use 22/7 as an approximation for π.
Rubric in Scoring
Per Item Outstanding Excellent Very Good Good Fine
Points 5 4 3 2 1
Manner of Shows clear Shows clear Shows broad Shows broad Shows poor
Answering understanding of understanding of understanding of understanding of understanding of
the questions concepts and concepts but not concepts and not concepts and concepts and
direct to the point direct to the point direct to the point almost correct incorrect answers
correct answers correct answers correct answers answers
Reflection
Activity 1. Evaluate student’s product. You may use the rubric provided.
Activity 4. a. the point of tangency of the two light balls from the ceiling is about 44.72 cm.
b. Anton needs about 1967.53 cm of string.
Activity 5
1. Option B (Distance travelled by wheel in one revolution = circumference of wheel =
22/7 × 140 = 440 cm. Speed of scooter = 132 km/hr = 132 × 1000 × 100/60 cm/min =
220,000 cm/min. The wheel has therefore got to travel 220,000 cm in 1 min i.e. it has
to perform 220,000/440 revolution in 1 min i.e. 500 revolutions)
2. Option A (Since PR is tangent to circle with centre O or is perpendicular to PR. Δ ORP
is right angled triangle. So, BC = √(AB2 – AC2) = √(82) – 42) = √48 = 4√3).
3. The tire needs to make approximately 200 revolutions to travel 13,200 inches.
Prepared by:
JIMBO M. TABERNA
Tuao High School
v
Learning Competency
The learner applies the distance formula to prove some geometric properties (M10GE-
IIg1 - 2).
Directions
The following are activities that will help you better understand the application of
distance formula in proving some geometric properties. Perform each activity and a point will
be awarded to you for every correct answer.
Perform the given task and give what is asked in each item. Write your
answers in the appropriate places.
Tasks Answer
1. Plot the points A(2,1) and B(8,9) on
the coordinate plane at the right.
Find the distance between each pair of points on the coordinate plane. Then
answer the questions that follow. You may use a graphing paper or any application in your
phone or computer to sketch the graph accurately.
Given Answer
1. M(2, -3) and N(10, -3)
2. P(3, -7) and Q(3, 8)
3. C(-4, 3) and D(7,6)
4. A(2, 3) and B(14, 8)
5. X(-3, 9) and Y(2,5)
6. C(-3, 2) and D(9,7)
7. S(-4, -2) and S(1, 7)
8. K(3,-3) and L(-3, 7)
9. E(7, 1) and F(-6, 5)
10. R(4,7) and S(-6, -1)
Guide Questions:
1. How do you find the distance
between points that are aligned
horizontally? vertically?
2. If two points are neither aligned
horizontally nor vertically, how
would you determine the
distance between them?
Find the coordinates of the midpoint of the segment whose endpoints are
given below and answer the given question. Write your answers in the appropriate column.
Given Answer
1. A(6, 8) and B(12, 10)
2. C(5, 11)and D(9, 5)
3. K(-3, 2) and L(11, 6)
4. R(-2, 8) and S(10, -6)
5. P(-5 , -1) and Q(8, 6)
6. M(-9, 15) and N(-7, 3)
7. Q(0,8) and R(-10, 0)
8. D(12, 5) and E(3, 10)
9. X(-7, 11) and Y(-9, 3)
10. P(-3, 10) and T(-7, -2)
Guide Question:
How did you find your answer in each
item?
Plot each set of points on a coordinate plane. Then connect the consecutive
points by a line segment to form a figure and answer the guide questions that follow. You may
use a separate sheet if necessary.
1. A (6, 11), B (1,2), C (11,2) 6. L (-4, 4), O (3,9), V (8, 2), E (1, -3)
2. G (5, 14), O (-3, 8), T (17, -2) 7. S (-1, 5), O (9, -1), N (6, - 6), G (-4, 0)
3. F (-2, 6), U (-2, -3), N (7, 6) 8. W (-2, 6), I (9, 6), N (11, -2), D (-4, -2)
4. L (-2, 8), I (5, 8), K (5, 1), E (-2, 1) 9. B (1, 6), E (13, 7), A (7, -2), T (-5, -3)
5. D (-4, 6), A (8, 6), T (8, -2), E (-4, -2) 10. C (4, 12), A (9,9), R (7, 4), E (1, 4), S (-1, -9)
V( ?, ? )
x
E(0, 0) M(a, 0) x
T(0, 0) S(2a,0)
y W(?, ?) l(b, c)
M( ?, b)
x E(-a, 0) S(a,0)
C( 0, 0) V( ?, ?) T(6a, 0)
P(?, ?)
B(-b, c) E(?, ?) T(-a, b)
A(?, ?) F(a, 0)
S(?, ?)
Guide Questions Answer
1. How did you determine the missing
coordinates in each figure?
Study the coordinate proofs of geometric properties with the given theorems
below then do the learning tasks that follow.
Theorem 1. Triangle Midsegment Theorem. The line segment connecting the midpoints of
two sides of a triangle is parallel to and one-half the third side.
Given:
Let P(0,0), Q (b,c) and R(a,0).
B(0,a) C(a,a)
x
A(0,0) D(a,0)
Prove: AC BD
T
2#% 2
ACm = 2#% = 2 = 1
%#2 #2
BDm = 2#% = 2
= -1
Since the slopes of the diagonals are negative reciprocals, then AC and BD are
perpendicular. Hence, diagonals of a square are perpendicular.
Proof: Proof:
A proof that uses figures on the coordinate plane to prove geometric properties is called
a coordinate proof. To prove geometric properties using the methods of coordinate geometry,
consider the following guidelines for placing figures on a coordinate plane.
1. Use the origin as vertex or center of a figure.
2. Place at least one side of a polygon on an axis.
3. If possible, keep the figure within the first quadrant.
4. Use coordinates that make computations simple and easy.
Reflection
Project Ease
Kuta Software
www.mathworksheets4kids.com
3. C(8, 1). By determining the coordinates of the point of intersection of the two lines AC = 6
units; BC = 8 units.
4. Right Triangle. BC I AC. Hence, the triangle contains a 90-degree angle. Pythagorean
Theorem can be applied AB = 10 units
5. C(x1, y2)
AC = |x1 – x2| or |x2 – x1|
BC = |y1 – y2| or |y2 – y1|
|AB|2 = (x2 – x1)2 + (y2 – y1)2
AB = '(𝑥2 − 𝑥1)2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1)2
1. (9,9) 6. (-8,9)
2. (7,8) 7. (-5, 4)
3. (4,4) 8. (15/2, 15/2)
4. (4,1) 9. (-8,7)
5. (3/2, 5/2) 10. (-5, 4)
a. The figures formed in #1, 2 and 3 are triangles. Each figure has three sides.
The figures formed in #4,5,6,7,8 and 9 are quadrilaterals. Each figure has four sides
The figure formed in #10 is a pentagon. It has five sides.
b. ∆ABC and ∆ FUN are isosceles triangles. ∆GOT and ∆FUN are right triangles.
c. ∆ABC and ∆ FUN are isosceles triangles because each has two sides congruent or with
equal lengths.
d. Quadrilaterals LIKE and LOVE are squares.
Quadrilaterals LIKE, DATE, LOVE and SONG are rectangles.
Quadrilaterals LIKE, DATE, SONG, LOVE, and BEAT are parallelograms.
Quadrilateral WIND is a trapezoid
e. Quadrilaterals LIKE and LOVE are squares because each has four sides congruent and
contains four right angles.
Quadrilaterals LIKE, DATE, LOVE and SONG are rectangles because each has two
pairs of congruent and parallel sides and contains four right angles
1. O(a + b, c) 4. W(-b , c)
2. V(a, b) 5. A(-a, 0), D(a, d), E(b, c)
3. V(3a, 0), M(3a , b) 6. S(0,0), P(a,b)
Prepared by:
JIMBO M. TABERNA
Tuao High School
A circle is the set of all points on a plane at a given distance from a fixed point. The
fixed point is called the center, and the segment from the center to any point on the circle is
called the radius.
Using the distance formula to the endpoints of a radius shown in each circle below, the
center-radius form (or standard form) of the equation of the circle is derived.
The general form of the equation of a circle is obtained by expanding the center-radius
form of the equation.
Learning Competencies : The learner illustrates the center-radius form of the equation of a
circle. (M10GE-lIh-1)
: The learner determines the center and the radius of a circle given
its equation and vice versa. (M10GE-lIh-2)
1. 3.
2. 4.
2. Center (0, 0) and radius = √2 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠 4. Center (−1, 5) and radius = 3√2 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠
Try!
Guide Questions:
1. From the activity above, what are needed in finding the equation of a circle?
Ø
3. What do you observe about the form of the equation of any circle whose center is at the
point of origin or (0, 0)?
Ø
4. What are the steps in finding the equation of a circle given the center and the radius of
the circle?
Ø
A. Determine the center and the radius of each of the following circles. Then, write the center-
radius form of the equation of each circle. (Refer to the activity 1 and activity 2.)
1. 4.
Center : Center :
Radius : Radius :
Equation : Equation :
2. 5.
Center : Center :
Radius : Radius :
Equation : Equation :
3.
Center :
Radius :
Equation :
2. (-1, -2) 5
3. (5, -3) 4
Examples:
1. (𝑥 + 3)!
square the first term double the product of the 2 terms square the second term
(𝑥)! 2(𝑥)(3) (3)!
↓ ↓ ↓
𝑥! 6𝑥 9
Therefore: (𝒙 + 𝟑)𝟐 = 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟔𝒙 + 𝟗
2. (𝑦 − 5)!
square the first term double the product of the 2 terms square the second term
(𝑦)! 2(𝑦)(−5) (−5)!
↓ ↓ ↓
𝑦! −10𝑦 25
Now, are you ready to expand the following? If so, try these:
1. (𝑥 + 4)! 3. (𝑥 − 7)!
$ !
2. (𝑦 + 6)! 4. t𝑦 − "u
Try also on your own by simply filling-up the missing terms and following the steps correctly.
1. (𝑥 + 3)! + (𝑦 − 5)! = 49 $ !
2. (𝑥 + 4)! + t𝑦 + !u = 36
(_____ + 6𝑥_____) + (𝑦 ! _____ + 25) = 49 (𝑥 ! _____ + 16) + (𝑦 ! + 𝑦_____) = 36
Exercises
Write each equation of a circle in general form. Show the process completely.
1. 𝑥 ! + 𝑦 ! = 121 3. (𝑥 − 8)! + (𝑦 + 7)! = 225
2. (𝑥 + 7)! + 𝑦 ! = 25 4. $ ! 7 ! 8
t𝑥 + &u + t𝑦 − !u = $9
Try!
1. 𝑥 ! + 4𝑥 + _____ ð 2. 𝑥 ! − 8𝑥 + _____ ð
!
𝑦
3. 𝑦 ! − 7𝑦 + _____ ð 4. 𝑦 −
2
+ _____ ð
1. 𝑥 ! + 𝑦 ! + 6𝑥 + 8𝑦 + 14 = 0 2. 2𝑥 ! + 2𝑦 ! + 8𝑥 + 4𝑦 − 3 = 0
Exercises
Transform the general form of each equation of a circle to center-radius form.
General Form Center-radius Form
1. 𝑥 ! + 𝑦 ! − 15 = 0
2. 𝑥 ! + 𝑦 ! − 8𝑥 = 0
3. 𝑥 ! + 𝑦 ! + 4𝑥 − 4𝑦 − 28 = 0
4. 4𝑥 ! + 4𝑦 ! − 20𝑥 + 12𝑦 − 2 = 0
Try!
Center Radius
1. 𝑥 ! + 𝑦 ! = 36
2. (𝑥 − 4)! + (𝑦 − 6)! = 64
3. (𝑥 + 2)! + (𝑦 + 7)! = 27
4. 𝑥 ! + 𝑦 ! − 10𝑥 + 12𝑦 + 16 = 0
Guide Questions:
1. How did you determine the center and the radius of a circle given the equation in center-
radius form?
Ø
2. How did you determine the center and the radius of a circle given the equation in general
form?
Ø
3. Is there a shorter or easier way to determine the center and the radius of a circle given
the equation in general form? Explain.
Ø
B. Show the complete process of solving the equations from Exercises A that correspond to
your province.
1. 2.
Closure
Ø A circle is the set of all points on a plane at a given distance from a fixed point. The
fixed point is called the center, and the segment from the center to any point on the
circle is called the radius.
Ø The center-radius/ standard form of the equation of a circle is generally written in the
form, (𝑥 − ℎ)! + (𝑦 − 𝑘)! = 𝑟 ! , where the values of ℎ and 𝑘 are the coordinates
(ℎ, 𝑘) of the center of a circle and 𝑟 is the length of the radius. If the center of a circle
is at the origin, then it is written in the form, 𝑥 ! + 𝑦 ! = 𝑟 ! .
Ø The general form of the equation of a circle that is written in the form,
𝐴𝑥 ! + 𝐵𝑦 ! + 𝐷𝑥 + 𝐸𝑦 + 𝐹 = 0, where 𝐴, 𝐵, 𝐷, 𝐸 and 𝐹 are real numbers, and 𝐴 and
𝐵 are always equal.
Reflection
After doing all the activities in this lesson, I learned that ________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
Natividad, E. B. Jr. et.al., Math Made Easy for Grade 10. Makati City, Philippines.
Salinlahi Publishing House, Inc. 2017
Exercises
A.
1. Center : (0, 0) 4. Center : (0, 3)
Radius : 5 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠 Radius : 3 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠
Equation : 𝑥 ! + 𝑦 ! = 25 Equation : 𝑥 ! + (𝑦 − 3)! = 9
2. Center : (3, 2) 5. Center : (−1, 0)
Radius : 5 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠 Radius : 4 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠
Equation : (𝑥 − 3)* + (𝑦 − 2)* = 25 Equation : (𝑥 + 1)! + 𝑦 ! = 16
3. Center : (−4, 4)
Radius : 6 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠
Equation : (𝑥 + 4)* + (𝑦 − 4)* = 36
B.
1. 𝑥 ! + 𝑦 ! = 144 4. 𝑥 ! + (𝑦 + 6)! = 10
2. (𝑥 + 1)! + (𝑦 + 2)! = 25 5. (𝑥 + 4)! + (𝑦 + 5)! = 50
3. (𝑥 − 5)! + (𝑦 + 3)! = 16
Exercises
1. 𝑥 ! + 𝑦 ! = 15 3. (𝑥 + 2)! + (𝑦 − 2)! = 36
7 ! " !
2. (𝑥 − 4)! + 𝑦 ! = 16 4. t𝑥 − !u + t𝑦 + !u = 9
Exercises
A.
1. C 2. I
N C
I Q
Q N
B B
B. (varied answers)
Prepared by:
Learning Competency : The learner graphs and solves problems involving circles and other
geometric figures on the coordinate plane. (M10GE-IIi-1 and
M10GE-IIi-j-1)
Try!
1. 𝐶(3, 1) ; 𝑟 = 7 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠 2. 𝐶(4, −2) ; 𝑟 = 6 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠
Example 2:
Step 1: Simplify.
(𝑥 − 2)! + (𝑦 − 3)! = 36
Step 2: Find the center and the radius.
Center :(2,3)
Radius : 6 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠
Step 3: Graph the circle.
Try!
1. 𝑥 ! + 𝑦 ! + 6𝑦 − 40 = 0 2. 3𝑥 ! + 3𝑦 ! + 30𝑥 + 30𝑦 + 75 = 0
PHILIPPINE EPIC
PLACE OF ORIGIN
Bicol Region Ifugao Province Mindanao
B. (𝑥 − 7)! + (𝑦 − 3)! = −2 D. 2𝑥 ! + 2𝑦 ! + 2𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 2 = 0
Exercises
Identify each of the following equations as CIRCLE or NOT. If NOT, why?
1. (𝑥 − 2√5)! + (𝑦 + √3)! = −16 3. 𝑥 ! + 𝑦 ! + 10𝑥 − 12𝑦 + 61 = 0
2. 5(𝑥 − 7)! + 5𝑦 ! = 45
𝑟 ! = (0 − 3)! + (0 − 4)!
𝑟 ! = (3)! + (4)!
1. Solve the radius of the circle.
𝑟 ! = 9 + 16
𝑟 ! = 25
𝒓 = 𝟓 𝒖𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒔
Try!
Exercises
Answer the following problems. Show the process completely.
1. What is the standard form of the equation of a circle with center at the origin and a diameter
of 10 units?
2. Write the general equation of a circle with center at (−5, −1) and passing through the
origin.
1. What do we call 𝐴?
˜˜˜˜ ? 𝐴𝐵
2. What do we call 𝐵𝐶 ˜˜˜˜? 𝐴𝐶
˜˜˜˜ ?
5. What are the coordinates of the center of the circle? (Hint: Use the Midpoint Formula)
Problem 1: Line l is tangent to circle 𝐴 at point 𝐵 and is parallel to the 𝑦-axis as shown in
the illustration. What is the equation of the circle?
a. What are the coordinates of the center of the
circle?
Exercises
A. Answer the following problems given the following conditions. Show the process
completely.
1. What is the equation of the circle in center-radius form and general form given (5, −1)
and (−7, −5) as the endpoints of the diameter? (Refer to activity 6.)
2. What is equation of the circle in center-radius form given the center at (−3, 2) and
tangent to the line 𝑥 = 1? (Refer to activity 7 Problem 1.)
3. What is equation of the circle in general form center at (3, 4) and touching the y-axis?
(Refer to activity 7 Problem 1.)
3. What is the equation of the circle based on the critical area to be affected by the volcano?
Something More!
Analyze and answer the following problems.
1. People within a certain radius of a strong typhoon are advised to evacuate. The unsafe area
as informed by the PAGASA weather forecast is defined by (𝑥 + 6)! + (𝑦 − 2)! = 1600.
a. Where is the eye of the typhoon on the coordinate plane?
b. Do you need to be evacuated when you are at point (40, 40)? Why?
b. Will you be able to feel the earthquake if you are located at point (−6, 2)? Why?
Closure
This lesson was about the graphs and problems involving circles and other geometric
figures.
Reflection
After doing all the activities in this lesson, I learned that ________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
Natividad, E. B. Jr. et.al. Math Made Easy for Grade 10. Makati City, Philippines.
Salinlahi Publishing House, Inc. 2017
3. 4.
Exercises
Exercises
1. NOT. Because −16 cannot be 3. NOT. Because the radius must be
expressed as a square of any real greater than 0 for a circle to exist.
number.
2. CIRCLE
Exercises
1. 𝑥 $ + 𝑦 $ = 25 2. 𝑥 $ + 𝑦 $ + 10𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 0
Exercises
1. The center-radius form of the circle is (𝑥 + 2)! + (𝑦 + 5)! = 50 and its general equation
is 𝑥 ! + 𝑦 ! + 4𝑥 + 10𝑦 − 21 = 0.
2. No. The distance of the Mathematics LRC from the administration building is 2√13 𝑘𝑚.
and is greater than the required radius.
3. No. The distance of the Mathematics LRC from the administration building is 2√29 𝑘𝑚.
and is greater than the required radius.
Something More!
1. a. The eye of the typhoon is located at (−6, 2).
b. No. My distance from the eye of the typhoon is 2√890 𝑘𝑚. and is greater than the
required radius.
2. a. The epicentre of the epicenter of the earthquake is at (−7, 3).
b. Yes. My distance from the epicentre of the earthquake is √2 𝑘𝑚. and is lesser than
the required radius
3. The greatest distance the signal of the tower be transmitted is 15 𝑘𝑚.
Prepared by: