10

Mathematics
Quarter 1 – Module 5:
Sum of Finite or Infinite
Geometric Sequence
Week 4
Learning Code – M10AL-Ie-2

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Mathematics – Grade 10
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module 5 – Sum of Finite or Infinite Geometric Sequence
First Edition 2020

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Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Jocelyn Y. Cristobal
Editors: Josefina J. Bustos
Maita G. Camilon
Judy Ann G. Gallo
Reviewers/Validators: Remylinda T. Soriano, EPS, Math
Angelita Z. Modesto, PSDS
George B. Borromeo, PSDS
Illustrator: Jocelyn Y. Cristobal
Layout Artist: Jocelyn Y. Cristobal
Management Team: Malcolm S. Garma, Regional Director
Genia V. Santos, CLMD Chief
Dennis M. Mendoza, Regional EPS in Charge of LRMS and
Regional ADM Coordinator
Maria Magdalena M. Lim, CESO V, Schools Division
Superintendent
Aida H. Rondilla, Chief-CID
Lucky S. Carpio, Division EPS in Charge of LRMS and
Division ADM Coordinator
 10

Mathematics
Quarter 1 – Module 5:
Geometric Series

2
MODULE GEOMETRIC SERIES
5

In the previous lesson, you have learned the lessons about geometric
sequence like getting the common ratio, first term, number of terms, nth
term and geometric mean of the sequence. Now, let us explore more on
geometric sequence by getting the sum of the terms of finite and infinite
geometric series.

WHAT I NEED TO KNOW

PPREPREVIER!
The learners will be able to:
• find the sum of finite or infinite geometric series. (M10AL-Ie-2)

WHAT I KNOW
PPREPREVIER
Write the letter that corresponds to the correct answer.
1. The sequence 5, 10, 20… is an example of what kind of sequence.
a. arithmetic sequence c. infinite geometric sequence
b. finite geometric sequence d. Fibonacci sequence
2. What is the common ratio in the geometric sequence 2,8,32,128,512?
1
a. 2 c. 4
b. 2 d. 512
3. What is the first term in the sequence given in number 2?
1
a. 2 c. 4
b. 2 d. 512
4. Which of the following illustrates finite geometric sequence?
a. 2, 6, 18… c. 5, 8, 11….
b. 2, 6, 18, 54 d. 5, 8, 11, 14
5. What is the formula in finding the sum of finite geometric sequence?
(𝑃ℎ𝑖)2 −(𝑝ℎ𝑖)2 𝑎1
a. Sn = c. Sn =
√5 1−𝑟
𝑛 𝑎1 (1−𝑟𝑛 )
b. Sn = 2
[2a1 + (n – 1)d] d. Sn = Sn = (1−r)
6. What is the formula in finding the sum of infinite geometric sequence
if /r/ < 1 ?
(𝑃ℎ𝑖)2 −(𝑝ℎ𝑖)2 𝑎1
a. Sn = c. Sn =
√5 1−𝑟
𝑛 𝑎1 (1−𝑟𝑛 )
b. Sn = [2a1 + (n – 1)d] d. Sn = Sn =
2 (1−r)
7. The pendulum swings at an arc of 20 cm and its successive swings
reduced to 10% of the previous swing. What is the total distance
travelled by the pendulum after 5 swings? This problem is an example
of what kind of sequence?
a. arithmetic sequence c. infinite geometric sequence
b. finite geometric sequence d. Fibonacci sequence

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 GRADE 10
Learning Module for Junior High School Mathematics
8. In problem no. 7, what will be the total distance travelled by the
pendulum until it stops?
a. 200 cm. c. 400 cm.
b. 300 cm d. 500 cm
9. Which of the following situations illustrate a geometric series with
infinite sum ?
2
a. A ball bouncing infinitely in which its successive bounce is 5 of its
original height.
b. A bacteria that doubles every hour
c. Total savings that doubles every month, for a year.
d. None of the above
10. Find the sum of the first 10 terms of the geometric sequence
−4, 4, −4,...
a. -4 c. 4
b. 0 d. 8
3
11. What is the common ratio in the geometric sequence -15, -3, -5. . .
1
a. -5 c. − 5
1
b. 5 d. 5
1
12. Find the sum of the infinite geometric series -8, 2, 2. . . .
5 5
a. - c.
32 32
−32 32
b. 5 d. 5
13. If the sum of the seven terms of a geometric sequence is 381 and its
common ratio is 2, find the first term.
a. 2 c. 4
b. 3 d. 5
14. In the geometric sequence -4, 8, -16…. What is the sum of the 6
terms ?
260 −3
a. 3 c. 260
−260 3
b. 3 d. 260
15. What is the sum of the 7 terms in a geometric sequence if the first
term is 4 and the common ratio is 3
a. 4237 c. 4372
b. 4273 d. 4327

WHAT’S IN
PPREPREV
Let us recall some of the topics discussed about geometric sequence.
A geometric sequence is an ordered list of numbers in which the succeeding
term can be obtained by multiplying the preceding term by a fixed nonzero
number called common ratio and is denoted by r. Geometric ratio can be
finite or infinite
Example of finite geometric sequence is 4, 12, 36, 108. The first term
is 4 while the common ratio is 3. An example of infinite sequence can be 54,
18, 6, 2…The symbol … indicates that the sequence is infinite. This symbol

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 GRADE 10
Learning Module for Junior High School Mathematics
is called ellipses. In this example the first term is 54 and its common ratio
1
is
3

Activity 1: Can you tell whether the following given ordered list of numbers
illustrate geometric sequence? If yes, determine the first term (a 1) and its
common ratio (r).
(Yes/No) a1 r
1. 2,6,10,14,18
2. 2,4,8,16,32
3. 48,24,12,6,3
1 1 1 1
4. 5, , ,
10 50 100
5. 2,5,8,11,14
6. -32, 16,-8, 4
7. 3,5,8,13,21
8. 6,12,18,24,30
1 1 1 1
9. 9, , ,
11 13 15
5 4
10. 2, 3, 3, 1

WHAT’S NEW
Have you ever tried to go to a Carnival? What rides have you
experienced? Read the selection below and try to figure out to answer the
questions below.
RIDE ALL YOU CAN FOR FREE!!!
Today is Carla’s birthday. She and her friends went to the Carnival.
They went to the Pendulum booth. There, they saw a man and asked them to
watch attentively the pocket watch he was holding. It is a watch with
pendulum. After the pendulum swings for several times, the man asked
them, “if the first swing of this pendulum travels for 42 cm and its successive
swing decreases by 20%, what is the distance travelled by the pendulum
after 8 swings? What is the total distance travelled by the pendulum until it
stops? The lucky person who can answer my questions have the chance to
get in to all the rides in this Carnival for free. Would you like to try?

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 GRADE 10
Learning Module for Junior High School Mathematics

WHAT IS IT
Let us analyze what you have read.
1. Where did Carla and her friends celebrate her birthday?
_______________________________________________
2. What caught their attention?
_______________________________________________
3. If you were the friend of Carla, will you accept the challenge? What is
your answer?
________________________________________________

Going back to the question raised by the man in the Carnival, do you
have any idea to get the total distance travelled by the pendulum after 8
swings? Total distance travelled by the pendulum until it stops? Yes, you
are right! It requires the formula for the sum of finite and infinite geometric
sequence.
To find the sum of finite geometric sequence, consider this.
Let Sn = a1 + a1r + a1r2 + ….+ a1rn-2+ a1rn-1 eq.1
Multiply both sides of the equation by the common ratio , r
rSn = a1r + a1r2 + ….+ a1rn-2+ a1rn-1+ a1rn eq. 2
Subtract equation 2 from equation 1.
Sn - rSn = ( a1 + a1r + a1r2 +….+ a1rn-2+ a1rn-1) - (a1r + a1r2 + ….+ a1rn-2+ a1rn-
1+a1rn)

Sn - rSn - = a1 - a1rn
Sn(1 - r) = a1 (1 - rn)
𝑎1 (1−𝑟𝑛 ) 𝑎1 (𝑟 𝑛 −1)
Sn = or Sn =
(1−r) (r – 1)

So, to get the total distance travelled by the pendulum after 8 swings,
a1 = 42 since on the first swing the pendulum travelled 42 cm., r= 0.8 since
the successive swing reduces to 20% and n = 8. Therefore, our equation
would be
42 (1−0.88 )
S8 =
(1−0.8)
S8 = 174.76 cm
The distance travelled by the pendulum after the 8 th swing is
174.76cm
How about the second question, what is the total distance travelled by
the pendulum until it stops?
This requires formula for the infinite geometric sequence. Why? It is
because the last term in the sequence is not indicated. In an infinite
geometric sequence, not all the sequence has sum. When the common ratio
is greater than one, the terms in the sequence will get bigger and bigger and
sum cannot be determined. The only possible answer is infinity. But if the
common ratio lies between -1 to 1 , we can have the sum, or the sum exist.
That is if /r/ < 1 then, the sum for infinite geometric sequences is possible.
𝑎1
To get the sum, use the formula 𝑆∞ = 1−𝑟

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 GRADE 10
Learning Module for Junior High School Mathematics
Going back to the problem , what is the total distance travelled by the
pendulum until it stops?
42
Given : a1= 42 and r = 0.8, Therefore, 𝑆∞ = 1−0.8 𝑆∞ =210 cm
What if r = 1, what is its sum? The formula for the finite sequence is
not applicable. Instead Sn = a1 + a1(1) + a1(1)2 + . . . + a1(1)n-1 . Since 1 raised
to any number is 1, then Sn = n (a1)

Example: What is the sum of 5+5+5+5+5+5+5+5

S8 = 5 + 5 + 5 + 5 + 5 +5 + 5 + 5 = (8)(5) = 40
What if r = -1 and n is an even number
Sn = a1 + a1(-1) + a1(-1)2 + . . . + a1(-1)n – 1
= a1 –a1 + a1 – a1 +….+ a1 – a1
=0
Example: What is the sum of 10 + -10 + 10 + -10 + 10 + -10
S6 = 10 + -10 + 10 + -10 + 10 + -10 = 0
What if r = - 1 and n is odd
Sn = a1 + a1(-1) + a1(-1)2 + . . . + a1(-1)n – 1
= a1 –a1 + a1 – a1 +….+ a1 – a1 + a1
S n = a1
Example: 7 + -7 + 7 + -7 + 7 + -7 + 7
Sn = 7

Other Examples:
1. A pendulum swings through an arc of 50 cm. On each successive
swing, the length of the arc is 85% of the previous length.
a. Find the total distance that the pendulum would have swung after
7 swings.
Solution: a1= 50 r= 0.85 n=7
Since the number of swings is specified, so we will use the formula
for finite geometric sequence.
50 (1−0.857 )
S7 = = 106.85 𝑐𝑚.
(1−0.85)

b. When it stops, what total distance will the pendulum have swung?
Solution: a1 = 50 r= 0.85
Since the number of swings or the last term is not specified, so we
will use the formula for infinite geometric sequence.
50
𝑆∞ = 1−0.85 = 333.3 cm.
3
2. A ball bounces from the height of 3 m. and return 4 of its previous
height on each bounce. Find the distance travelled by the ball until it
stops.
3
Solution: a1 = 3 r =4
Since the last term is not specified, so we will use the formula for
infinite geometric sequence.
3
𝑆∞ = 3 = 12 m. It travels 12 meters until it stops.
1−
4

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 GRADE 10
Learning Module for Junior High School Mathematics
3. Find the sum of the following geometric sequence
a. 8 + 8 +8 + 8 + ……………S20
b. -15 + 15 -15 + 15 ……….S 40
c. -15 + 15 -15 + 15 ……….S 39

Solutions:
a. S20 = 20( 8) = 160
b. S40 = 0
c. S39 = -15

4. Tell whether if the sum exist in the following infinite geometric series.
1 1
a. 2 + 1 + 2 + 4 + ⋯
b. 2 + 8 + 16 + 32 + ⋯
−1 1 −1
c. 1 + ( ) + + ( ) + ⋯
2 4 8

Solutions:
1 1
a. 2 + 1 + 2 + 4 + ⋯
1
Since the common ratio of the series is 2, therefore the sum
exists.
b. 2 + 8 + 16 + 32 + ⋯
To be able to find the sum of an infinite geometric series the
ratio must lie between 1 to -1, since the common ratio in series
is 4, therefore the sum does not exist.
−1 1 −1
c. 1 + ( 2 ) + 4 + ( 8 ) + ⋯
1
Since the common ratio of the series is -2, therefore the sum
exists.

WHAT’S MORE
Brain check!!!! Let us see if you can make it.

Activity 2: What is my sum?

I. Find the sum of the geometric sequence if it exists. If not, then write
“𝑖𝑛𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑜𝑟 ∞"
1. 3,6,12,24,48 6. 11, 11, 11, . . S15
2. first 10 terms of -2,6,-18…. 7. 4, 12, 36, 108,. . . S7
1
3. , 1,2,4…… 8. 21, -21, 21, . . . S21
2
1 1 3
4. 64,32,16…. 9. 3, 4, ,. . . S5
16
5. -5,5,-5,5……S18 10. -9, -9, -9, -9, -9, -9

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 GRADE 10
Learning Module for Junior High School Mathematics

Activity 3: Help me solve my problems.

Solve the following problems.

1. Find the sum of the terms of the geometric sequence where the first
term is 3, the last term is -1536 and the common ratio is -2. (Hint:
Solve for n using an=a1rn-1)
2. A ball is thrown 8 m. into the air. The ball falls, and rebounds to
2/3 of its previous height, then falls again
a. Find the total distance the ball travels until it hits the ground for
the 10th time.
b. If the ball were allowed to continue bouncing forever, how far
would it travel?

WHAT I HAVE LEARNED

Finite geometric sequence is a geometric sequence which has definite

number of terms. To find the sum, use the formula:
𝑎1 (𝑟 𝑛 −1) 𝑎1 (1−𝑟𝑛 )
Sn = or Sn = ; r≠ 1
(r – 1) (1−r)
If r = 1 , then Sn = na1
If r = -1 and n is even, then Sn = 0
If r = -1 and n is odd, then Sn = a1

Infinite geometric sequence is a geometric sequence with infinite

number of terms usually denoted by ellipses (…) at the end of the
sequence. The sum of infinite geometric sequence exists only when
/r/< 1. To find the sum, use the formula:
𝑎1
𝑆∞ = 1−𝑟

WHAT I CAN DO
A. For each given geometric sequence, find the sum of the first
1. 6 terms of 2,12,72, . . .
2. 5 terms of -405, -135, -45, . . .
3. 8 terms of -14, 14, -14 . . .
4. 9 terms of -14, 14, -14 . . .
3 3 3
5. 15 terms of 25, 25, 25 . . .
B. Find the sum to infinity of each geometric sequence, if it exists.
1. 63, 21, 7...
2. 3, 3.6, 4.32 . . .
3. 32, 8, 2 . . .
3 3 3 3
4. 4, 8, 16, 32 . . .
5. 5, -10, 20, -40…

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 GRADE 10
Learning Module for Junior High School Mathematics
C. A pendulum swings through an arc of 4 meters . On each successive
swing, the length of the arc is 20% less than the previous length.
1. What is the total distance travelled by the pendulum after 8
swings?
2. What is the total distance travelled by the pendulum before it
stops?
D. Every hour, the amount of water in a tank is filled tripled of the
original amount . Starting with 3 liters of water. How many liters of
water are there after 8 hours?

ASSESSMENT
1. The sequence 5, 10, 20, 40 is an example of what kind of sequence.
a. arithmetic sequence c. infinite geometric sequence
b. finite geometric sequence d. Fibonacci sequence
2. What is the common ratio in the geometric sequence
1,8,64,512,4096?
a. 2 b. 4 c. 6 d. 8
3. What is the first term in the sequence given in number 2?
a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4
4. Which of the following illustrates finite geometric sequence?
a. 2, 6, 18… c. 5, 8, 11….
b. 2, 6, 18, 54 d. 5, 8, 11, 14
5. What is the formula in finding the sum of finite geometric sequence?
(𝑃ℎ𝑖)2 −(𝑝ℎ𝑖)2 𝑎1
a. Sn = c. Sn =
√5 1−𝑟
𝑛 𝑎1 (1−𝑟𝑛 )
b. Sn = [2a1 + (n – 1)d] d. Sn = Sn =
2 (1−r)
6. What is the formula in finding the sum of infinite geometric sequence
if /r/ < 1 ?
(𝑃ℎ𝑖)2 −(𝑝ℎ𝑖)2 𝑎1
a. Sn = c. Sn =
√5 1−𝑟
𝑛 𝑎1 (1−𝑟𝑛 )
b. Sn = [2a1 + (n – 1)d] d. Sn = Sn =
2 (1−r)
7. The pendulum swings at an arc of 30 cm and its successive swings
reduced to 10% of the previous swing. What is the total distance
travelled by the pendulum after 5 swings? This problem is an example
of what kind of sequence.
a. arithmetic sequence c. infinite geometric sequence
b. finite geometric sequence d. Fibonacci sequence
8. In problem no. 7, what will be the total distance travelled by the
pendulum until it stops?
a. 200 cm. b. 300 cm c. 400 cm. d. 500 cm
9. Which of the following situations illustrate a geometric series with
infinite sum ?
2
a. A ball bouncing infinitely in which its successive bounce is 5 of its
original height.
b. A bacterium that doubles every hour
c. Total savings that doubles every month, for a year.
d. None of the above
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 GRADE 10
Learning Module for Junior High School Mathematics
10. Find the sum of the first 11 terms of the geometric sequence
−4, 4, −4 . . .
a. -4 c. 4
b. 0 d. 8
3
11. What is the common ratio in the geometric sequence -15, -3, -5. . .
1
a. -5 c. − 5
1
b. 5 d. 5
1
12. Find the sum of the infinite geometric series -8, 2, 2. . . .
5 5
a. -32 c. 32
−32 32
𝑏. 5 d. 5
13. If the sum of the seven terms of a geometric sequence is 381 and its
common ratio is 2, find the first term.
a. 2 c. 4
b. 3 d. 5
14. In the geometric sequence -4, 8, -16…. What is the sum of the 6
terms?
260 −3
a. 3 c. 260
−260 3
𝑏. 3 d. 260
15. What is the sum of the 7 terms in a geometric sequence if the first
term is 4 and the common ratio is 3?
a. 4237 c. 4372
b. 4273 d. 4327

Task:
1. (Character Building)Look for at least 3 investment plans in any
insurance company. Compare their offers. If given a chance , decide
what plan are you going to invest and why.

2. (Creativity and Communication)In a short bond paper, draw your

dream house and give at least 5 to 10 sentences how you will achieve
it.

ADDITIONAL ACTIVITIES
A. What kind of room has no doors or windows? To decode the riddle,
determine the sum of the following geometric sequence.

3 4 6 2 1 5 5 3
1. 3, -3, 3, -3 H. 75
2. 5, 10, 20, 40 M. 170
3. 128, 32, 8, 2 O. sum does not exist
20 20
4. 60, 20, 3 , 9 R. 0
5. 2, 8, 32… S. 147
800
6. -7, 14, -28, 56, -112, 224 U. 9

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 GRADE 10
Learning Module for Junior High School Mathematics
B. Evaluate each geometric series. Write ∞ if sum does not exist.
1. 12 + 24 + 48 + . . . + S9
2. 16 + 12. 8 + 10.24 + . . . + Sn
3. 250 + 50 + 10 + . . . + S7
1
4. 8 + 2+ 2 + . . . + Sn
5. 5 – 15 + 45 – 135 + . . . + Sn
6. -20 + 20 + -20 + . . . + S200
7. 30 + 30 + 30 + . . . + S43
4
8. 12, 4, 3 + . . . + S6
9. 200 -200 + 200 + . . . + S13
10. 3 + 9 + 27 + . . . + Sn

E-Search

1. https://www.varsitytutors.com/hotmath/hotmath_help/topics/geom
etric-series
2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AJxvz26kOeM
3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=43wYiBmBNoI
4. https://cdn.kutasoftware.com/Worksheets/Alg2/Finite%20Geometric
%20Series.pdf
5. https://cdn.kutasoftware.com/Worksheets/Alg2/Infinite%20Geometr
ic%20Series.pdf

REFERENCES

Anonymous. (n.d.). Geometric Sequences and Series. Retrieved from

lumenlearning.com: https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-
algebra/chapter/geometric-sequences-and-series/

Anonymous. (n.d.). Infinite Geometric Series. Retrieved from Varsity Tutors:

https://www.varsitytutors.com/hotmath/hotmath_help/topics/infinit
e-geometric-series

Education, D. o. (2015, June 15). Math Grade 10 Learner's Module. Retrieved

from Slideshare: https://www.slideshare.net/daniholic/math-grade-
10-learners-module

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 GRADE 10
Learning Module for Junior High School Mathematics
PISA-BASED WORKSHEET
Competency : Finding the sum of the terms of a finite geometric sequence
M10AL-Ie-2
Topic : Patterns and Algebra

Juan saves money for emergency fund every day. Each day , he
doubles the amount he saved the day before. If he saved P1 on the first
day , how much is his total savings after 10 days?

, ,

,...
Complete the following equations to derive the formula for the sum of a
geometric sequence
Sn = a1 + a1r + a1r2 + . . . + a1r n - 2 + a1r n -1
Multiply the equation by the common ratio(r)
rSn = a1r + a1r2 + ______________________
Subtract Sn to the equation
rSn – Sn = _________________________
Factor out Sn(left side) and a1(right side)
Sn( r – 1) = ________________
Apply multiplication property( divide both sides by r – 1)
Sn = ________________

Questions :

1. What is the first term(a1)?

___________________________________________________________
2. What is the common ratio(r)?
___________________________________________________________
3. How many terms are there(n)?
___________________________________________________________
4. How much is Juan’s total savings after 10 days?
___________________________________________________________

Source : Intermediate Algebra by Julieta Bernabe, et.al.

13