CONTENT

1. RAJASTHAN
2. CULTURE
3. BASIC COMPONENTS
 HAVELIS
 COURTYARDS
 JHAROKAS
 STEPWELLS
 PAVILLIONS
 BARADARIS & CHHATRIS
 ENTRANCES
4. SUSTAINABLE ASPECTS
5. PINK CITY
 ARCHITECTURE STYLE
6. CASE STUDY- HAWA MAHAL
 1. RAJASTHAN
Rajasthan is the most beautiful and vibrant state or our country.  
The unique characteristic of its architecture is very popular in the whole world.
The Rajasthan architecture is significantly dependent on Rajput architecture
school which was mixture of mughal and Hindu structural design.
Grand havelis, astonishing forts and elaborately carved temples are the vital
portion of architectural heritage of Rajasthan. Rajput’s carries the credit of
creative builders.  Few of most striking and splendid forts along with palaces with
parched Aravali land clearly depicts history of Rajasthan’s celebrated heritage.

RAJASTHAN ARCHITECTURE
 Rajasthan architecture arouses from Rajput School of Architecture, a
perfect mixture of Hindu and Mughal structural pattern.
 The state of Rajasthan hosts few of splendid palaces and forts of the whole
world. Ornamented havelis, elaborately carved temples and also
magnificent forts are section of the Rajasthan’s architectural heritage.
 The artistic builders of Rajput designed major architectural styles which
are located in cities like Jaisalmer, Udaipur, Jaipur and Jodhpur.
 The most significant architectural designs in Rajasthan include Jantar
Mantar, Dilwara Temples, Lake Palace Hotel, City Palaces, Chittorgarh Fort
and Jaisalmer Havelis.
 2. CULTURE
 Rajasthan is culturally rich and has artistic and cultural traditions which
reflect the ancient Indian way of life.
 Every region has its very own dialect of music and dance. The Ghoomar dance
from Udaipur and Kalbeliya dance of Jaisalmer have international recognition. 
Folk music is a vital part of Rajasthan culture.
 Songs are used to tell the legendary battles of Rajputs. Folk songs are
commonly ballads, which relate heroic deeds, love stories, and religious or
devotional songs known as bhajans and banis and often accompanied by
musical in the landscapes certainly does not inspire, as it stretches for miles
and countless miles all around, it is apparent that the one thing the desert
does not have is colour.
 The sands drift a bleached blond, and the scrub cover is straggly, and when
there are flowers, they are a dull shade of white or yellow, with the exception of
the flame of the forest that blooms hidden in the forests of the Aravali.
 3. BASIC COMPONENTS
 Rajasthan is indeed the most colourful state in India. It has a unique
architecture and is renowned for it all over the world.
 The architecture of Rajasthan is mainly based on the Rajput school of
architecture which was a blend of the Hindu and Mughal structural design.
The stupendous forts, the intricately carved temples and the grand-havelis of
the state are integral parts of the architectural heritage of the state.
 The Rajputs were prolific builders. Some of the most imposing and
magnificent forts and palaces in the world dot the arid Aravali landscape and
tell the tales of their glorious legacy.

HAVELIS
 Haveli: Between 1830 and 1930, the affluent Marwaris constructed huge
mansions in the Shekhawati and Marwar region. These buildings were
called Havelis.
 They were heavily influenced by the Mughal architecture in their
construction.
 There were two courtyards in a typical Shekhawati haveli. The outer
courtyard was mainly inhabited by men and the inner one was the domain of
women.
 These also sported beautiful and appealing frescoes and were closed from all
sides with one large main gate. This provided security and comfort in
seclusion from the outside world.
COURTYARDS
 The traditional Indian courtyard is built on the principles of Vastu Shastra,
which state that all spaces emerge from single point, that is, the centre of the
house.
 All other activities revolve around this centre, which has some divine power
and energy associated with it – radiating through the entire house.
 The origin of courtyards can be traced to the Indus Valley Civilisation, and
they continued with the Aryans (before10thcentury). 
 With the shaping up of various cultures, there was a transition from the
cluster court to the private court.
 The entry of the Islamic rulers (14thcentury) into northern India brought in
the key issue of treating open space in building design, to respond tithe
harsh climate. The advent of the British led to amerced change in the
architectural style and the concept of the courtyard.
 JHAROKAS
 This particular fenestration detail is known as "Jharokhas" which is found
widely in the western part of India.
 It is a type of overhanging - enclosed or semi enclosed which was widely used in
not only in traditional Indian architecture but also in Islamic Architecture. In
Islamic Architecture it is known as 'Mashrabia'.
 It has monumental scale and make it as a outstanding architectural character.
It mainly represents two architectural style Rajasthani Architecture (Western
Indian Architecture).
 It is most distinctive type of facade decorated with intricate lattice work. It is a
projecting window from the wall, in an upper storey, overlooking a street,
market, court or any other open space.

STEPWELLS
 Stepwell otherwise known as bawdi is nothing but a pond or well where water can
be filled by climbing downwards on a batch of steps.
 Bawdis are quite common in the western part of India particularly in Gujarat and
Rajasthan. These Stepwells date back to several hundreds of years.
 During olden days, constructors made very deep trenches into our earth to get
dependable groundwater all through the year.
 The fences of the trenches were made up of stoneblocks with the absence of
mortar. There are also stairs to reach water body.
 Most of the living stepwells originally acted as leisure spots besides providing
water. Bundi city situated near Kota carries approximately sixty stepwells.
PAVILLIONS
 5. PINK CITY
INTRODUCTION
 The foundation of the city of Jaipur was established by Sawai Jai Singh II
(1700-1743) in 1727. The city was designed by Sawai Jai Singh II himself and
further developed and monitored by his renowned counsellor Vidyadhar.
 The city planned in the grid-iron pattern, was built with extraordinary foresight
and futuristic planning and is probably the only 18th century walled city in
India that can still cater to the present-day pressures of vehicular traffic on
roads. 
 It included innovative concepts in traditional planning guidelines along with an
appropriate adaptation of the terrain itself.

URBAN FORM OF THE CITY

 The main markets, havelis and temples on the main streets in Jaipur were
constructed by the state in the 18th century, thus ensuring a uniform street
façade is maintained.
 The widths of roads were predetermined. The streets and chowks (central open
squares in a town) of the internal chowkries (sectors) with numerous clusters
or mohallas were not predetermined; hence show a mix of grid iron and organic
pattern, with the basic unit of built form being the rectangular haveli.
 ARCHITECTURE STYLE
 Under the architectural guidance of Vidyadhar Bhattacharya, Jaipur was planned based on the
principles of Vastu Shastra and Shilpa Shastra.
 The city of Jaipur is one of India's architectural wonders. It houses some of the
country's most ornate royal palaces -- elaborate structures designed hundreds
of years ago that still captivate visitors today.
 A romantic dusty pink hue -- which has defined the city since 1876, after it
was painted pink to welcome Queen Victoria's husband, Prince Albert -- gives
Jaipur its status as the "Pink City," as it is commonly known.

 The city was divided into nine blocks, of which two consist the state buildings
and palaces, with the remaining seven allotted to the public.
 Huge fortification walls were made along with seven strong gates for the purpose
of security of the city.
 Jaipur city is remarkable among pre-modern Indian cities for the width and
regularity of its streets which are laid out into six sectors separated by broad
streets of 111 ft. 111 is a holy number in Hinduism and hence considered
lucky also.
 The commercial shops were designed in Jaipur in the multiples of nine (27),
having one cross street for a planet. "Nine" signifies the nine planets of the
ancient astrological zodiac, and twenty-seven signifies the 27 nakshatras. This
architectural planning of Jaipur is on the basis of Indian Vastu and astronomy,
and is the uniqueness of the architecture of Jaipur.

 Typical architectural features of the bazaar streets are - use of chhajjas

(sunshades) resulting in strong horizontal lines, projecting vertical blocks on
brackets, a modular system of arches filled with delicate latticed screens to cut
direct sun and glare of reflected sun in the street.
 Façades of Jaipur and surroundings typically have gokhdas (sitting spaces) on
either side of the entrance.
 Vidhyadhar, being a Bengali architect, brought Bengal architecture style in the
Rajput style in the pink city.
 The openings are often characterized by the use of cusped, trefoil or pointed
arches with rectangular or chhatri (vaulted dome) type framing, flanked with
lotus columns.
 An increased ornamentation is seen in later post Jaipur Marwari patterned
havelis as compared to the Dhoondhari ones from the 18th century. Stylistically,
the bangaldar (curvilinear) roof became prevalent in stone chhatris and chhajjas
(sunshades) and was later used in other areas of Rajasthan too.