architecture&ENVIRONMENT Vol. 12, No.

2, Oct 2013: 167-182

THE EXISTENCE OF SUSTAINABLE SETTLEMENT IN

SURABAYA AS AN ATTEMPT TO REALIZE ECO CITY
Nadhila Retnasari Roestam*, Ayu Sri Marita*, Nadia Maulina Atrisandi*,
Purwanita Setijanti**
*) Master Student, Department of Architecture, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopem-
ber, Indonesia
**) Lecturer, Department of Architecture, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember,
Indonesia
e-mail:

ABSTRACT

The existence of kampungs or township settlements in Surabaya is very essential to

the city development seen from the historical aspect of Surabaya which grew from
the development of township settlements. Therefore the issue of sustainable develop-
ment to create a good living environment can be applied to the settlements sector in
Surabaya in order to turn Surabaya into an ecological city, so that the efforts of citi-
zens in Surabaya in the eco kampung activities can make a significant contribution
in the realization of the ecological city. Kampung Kertajaya Surabaya is one of the
township settlements in Surabaya that applies sustainable development with the coo-
peration of the residents and City Government.

Keywords: Eco-city, sustainable settlement, Surabaya.

ABSTRAK

Keberadaan kampung atau perkampungan di Surabaya sangat penting bagi perkem-

bangan kota dilihat dari aspek sejarah Surabaya yang tumbuh dari perkembangan
kampung. Dengan demikian, isu mengenai pembangunan berkelanjutan untuk men-
ciptakan lngkungan hidup yang baik dapat diaplikasikan pada sektor permukiman di
Surabaya untuk menjadikan Surabaya sebagai kota ekologis, sehingga usaha
masyarakat dalam aktivitas kampung ekologis dapat memberikan kontribusi yang
signifikan dalam mewujudkan kota ekologis. Kampung Kertajaya adalah salah satu
kampong di Surabaya yang menerapkan pembangunan berkelanjutan dengan kerja-
sama antara penghuni dengan pemerintah kota.

Kata kunci: Eco-city, permukiman berkelanjutan, Surabaya

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INTRODUCTION

Sustainable development is a conscious effort and it plans to use and manage re-
sources wisely in a planned and sustainable development to improve the quality of
life. In an effort to make it happen, there are several parties that have been made to
reach a mutual agreement, conferences and global agreements have been made, in-
cluding:

Agenda 21

Agenda 21 is an action plan of the United Nations (UN) related to sustainable devel-
opment and is the result of the UN Conference on Environment and Development
(UNCED) held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in 1992. In the structure and content of the
Agenda 21, there are 40 chapters in Agenda 21, divided into four parts: Part I (So-
cial and Economic Dimensions), Part II (Conservation and Management of Re-
sources for Development), Part III (Strengthening the Role of Major Groups), and
Part IV: (Means of Implementation).

Rio +20

In 1992, the initial implementation of the first Earth Summit, the people realized that
sustainable development cannot be achieved by government alone and will require
the active participation of all sectors and all levels of society. Therefore, a global
meeting was conducted to discuss the measures to be agreed in order to improve the
quality of life and preserving the earth.
Rio +20 in 2012, raised the topic of maintaining political commitment for ex-
tended sustainable development programs (Sustainable Development), which in-
cludes the rights-based approach to basic needs (food and water), access to infor-
mation technology, reformation of harmful subsidies with adequate protection of
vulnerable groups, sustainable energy for all and basic social protection.
Several researches regarding sustainable development concept have been con-
ducted. One of the is conducted by Peter Kellet namely “Sustainable Rural Housing
And The Chalenge Of Climate Change: Experience From Ethiopia”. This study re-
volves around the sustainable development attempt in settlements aspect. The object
of the research is the search for solutions to sustainable design vernacular architec-
ture of Ethiopia relating to the response to climate change that is happening for the
foreseeable future. This study suggests the efforts to implement sustainable devel-
opment in Guraghe traditional settlement to realize environmentally sustainable set-
tlement without leaving their cultural identity. Factors to consider in this effort is the
sensitivity to the cultural context, the testing process that may result in the worst
conditions, the use of local materials and the exploration of alternative construction
materials and related systems, resource efficiency, Independent Energy Generation
as an attempt to give counselling to the residents is so important, John Turner’s idea
on the creation of settlements by residents is more feasible than the creation of
community housing for people (Turner, 1972, 1976).

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Outlines of State Policy (GBHN) 1993, mandates that national development

should be carried out by the community and the Government. Community events
and government program should support and complement each other, intertwined in
unity to realize national sustainable development. Based on the background of the
issue of sustainable development, the writer felt the need to conduct research on the
efforts of the villagers and the government in Surabaya in achieving sustainable de-
velopment to create an ecological city of Surabaya.

THEORY / RESEARCH METHODS

The research methodology used is qualitative paradigm. Generally, case study is a

strategy that is more suitable when the subject of a research question is in regard to
how and why, when researchers have little opportunity to control the events that will
be investigated, and where the research focus is on contemporary phenomenon (pre-
sent) in the context of real life (in Yin, 2002:1). This study focuses on the efforts
made by Kertajaya residents in the attempt to achieve eco-village to be able to con-
tribute to realizing Surabaya eco city.
The case study will take place in Kampung Kertajaya RW XIII, Kelurahan
Gubeng, Surabaya. The subject of this research is the condition of the kampung
neighbourhoods and residents Kertajaya RW XIII participating in running eco vil-
lage events. RW is a term of administrative unit at the next-to-lowest level in city.
Technique of data collection used in this study is the observation, in-depth in-
terviews and documentation. The analysis in this study is divided into three parts.
First, data reduction; data reduction is done after acquiring data from observations
and interviews conducted in Kampung Kertajaya, obtained from the informant. Next
is selecting key points that correspond to the research focus, then group by theme.
Second, in interactive data analysis is the presentation of data (data display). The
last stage in the interactive model of data analysis is conclusion (verification). After
all the study procedures had been carried out, the researcher will draw conclusions
from the findings.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Principles of Environmental Urban Development

Nowadays, the development of large cities has increased and has exceeded the car-
rying capacity of the surrounding ecosystem environment. The increasing population
will also have an impact on the growing need for adequate and livable housing facil-
ities. Therefore, land is getting over-occupied and inadequate and it causes the rice
paddies and fertile land to decrease in width and quality since it is used for housing
and industrial development, where it has a direct impact on the decrease in the pro-
duction of food and clothing. Higher population growth resulted in higher levels of
population, either in the air, the water and the amount of the greenhouse effect as a
factor contributing in global warming. Hence we need awareness as living beings

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(humans) to create a city or a healthy environment by making sustainable develop-

ment movement, which would create a livable shelter for living things and to care
for and save the earth.
Damage in the earth is caused by human activity itself; therefore, to overcome
the negative impact of human activity, the direction of development planning must
be changed from the conventional development course which is only concerned with
economic growth into a plan for environmentally sustainable development. To real-
ize the urban sustainable development, we can start from the micro elements in
forming a city, from the settlements scope.
Ebenezer Howard (1898) gave an opinion on the natural involvement in build-
ing a city, where it will become a pride (landmarks) in the city planning, which is
later known as the garden city concept. The concept of the garden city according to
Howard that a city with a large scale is not feasible for a place to live and thus
would not be an ideal plan for building a city with an unhealthy environment result-
ing in the possibility of city dying.
The concept is contained in the formulation of vision of the city associated to
ecological sustainable city that is creating the harmony with nature and the sur-
rounding environment. Because some consequences may occur, the public should
begin to realize the importance of a careful use of energy resources, creating renew-
able energy sources and reduce pollution sources in order to create an ecological city
or healthy town.

Sustainable Development in Settlements

The development of sustainable settlement is conducted to make a healthy and well-

maintained settlements environment in order to support sustainable development.
Housing and settlements also have a strategic role in the formation of cultural or
national identity, so it takes a long training process and development for the survival
and improvement of people's lives for the better. Settlements are functioning as a
forum for the development of human resources as well as contributing to economic
growth through the housing sector as an employer and a major encouragement of
capital formation. Through the improvement as well as the fulfilment of the need for
housing and settlement, the society is expected to increase the productivity, take part
actively in development, and able to increase capital accumulation for further devel-
opment.
Housing and settlement development as part of national development in the
PJP I (long-term development) have shown significant improvement, i.e. the fulfil-
ment of the need for basic infrastructure and increased quality of residential neigh-
bourhoods and settlements both in urban and rural areas. Regarding the development
of urban and rural housings, the government has set the standard rules on the physi-
cal aspects of housing and settlement development.
This report is concerned with the settlement sector where one kampung in Su-
rabaya became a case study in the discussion. Kampung Kertajaya RW.XIII Suraba-
ya has become a pilot village in environmental movement in which the residents or
society actively participated in the development, whether in water waste manage-
ment, waste management, drainage, and clean water supply that can potentially af-

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fect the economic and socio-cultural aspect of the society that will be elaborated fur-
ther in the discussion of case study.

Green Economy

At the UN Conference on Sustainable Development 2012 (UNCSD) or 'Rio +20', it

is revealed that we face a critical moment in Earth's history, when people must
choose its future. The notion of 'green economy' as one of the core themes for the
summit showed significant opportunity to define a new global economic paradigm,
but it also includes the risk that a global agreement on sustainable development may
be lost in the pursuit of a new agenda. There also several definitions that has yet to
cover “green economy”, this makes the initiators feel tired of the idea’s application
and implementation.
Green economic principles of the conference results are summarized as fol-
lows: Equitable distribution of wealth (welfare equalization where no difference be-
tween the rich and the poor with the aim of achieving social and economic justice),
justice and economic equity (principle of equality with different responsibilities),
intergenerational equity, approaches to prevention (improving science should be put
to good use).

Ecological Systems in Environmental Settlement

In an article there is a quote "An Eco-city is an ecologically health city" (Richard

Register, www.treehugger.com), which means the ecological city is a healthy city. A
healthy city is a city in which there is a balance between the development of the city
and preservation of the environment. More broadly, the notion of an ecological city
can be elaborated as a city in which the reciprocal relationship between city life with
its constituent environment take place. Fundamentally, ecological city has a function
similar to the function of an ecosystem. In this case the ecosystem in question is the
relation between urban ecosystem with natural ecosystems.
Ecological city needs to be realized in any growing city due to the increase in
population that is increasingly out of control. From these explanations, practical eco-
logical city is a city that can reduce the burden and pressure on the environment,
improve the living conditions to be livable and help achieve sustainable develop-
ment, including the comprehensive improvement of the city. Residential sector is a
sector that is closely related to achieving an ecological city. This can be supported
by a sustainable society.

Low Toxic Construction Systems

In urban development, the use of environmentally friendly construction system plays

a role where it helps to realize a sustainable urban environment. Implementation of
the construction system is associated with the use of energy, exhaust systems, land
and environment design, recycling, and the application of rules. Materials and con-
struction systems that are applied to a building should be qualified in terms of envi-
ronmental friendliness, which is realized through technical efficiency in buildings,

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Roestam, Marita, Atrisandi, Setijanti: THE EXISTENCE OF SUSTAINABLE SETTLEMENT IN SURABAYA

outdoor and indoor construction management, and the use of solar energy technolo-
gy both actively and passively, as well as paying a close attention in the application
of materials and environmentally friendly building components (Bierman-Lytle,
1992).

Sustainable Community

Community empowering has been a popular term in society these days. Community
empowerment is one of the movement methods used in running community devel-
opment programs, both in the economic, social, cultural, educational, health, or a
combination of all these aspects. An activity of community-based development is a
form of real development (Silas, 2012). A city development is better be done by
both the community or society and the government. The creation of a sustainable
society is in regards to realizing a responsible economic development, social inclu-
sion and social justice, in response to social segregation, effective environmental
management, successful city, and an integrated spatial development.

Case Study: Kampung Kertajaya RW 13 Surabaya in the Attempt to Realize

Environmentally Sound City Development

The location of the case study is in kelurahan Kertajaya, kecamatan Gubeng, the city
of Surabaya. The focus of the research in kelurahan Kertajaya is RW XIII, which
has various achievements in ecological aspects.
Kampung Kertajaya RW. XIII, which has been the focus of case study is the
winner of Green and Clean Surabaya best IPAL (wastewater treatment plant) group
in developing category. The settlement that had been built there was also a non-
governmental settlement.

Physical Aspect

The condition of settlements in RW XIII is very neat-looking and clean, it also

seems livable and comfortable. Most of the houses in this settlements area are a non-
governmental permanent home. Some physical aspects that are sufficient and avail-
able in Kelurahan Kertajaya Surabaya as a part of its infrastructure including road
conditions that are relatively well preserved; because the roads are made of pave-
ment that has been kept clean and orderly by citizens to provide a matching color on
the street in front of their respective homes with shades of yellow and green. At the
street intersection or crossroads in the village, which generally go unnoticed by the
people around it turns out to be given in ornamentation motifs that are painted right
on top of the paving of the road intersection.
Sanitation conditions of clean water RW XIII Kelurahan Kertajaya came from
taps, which are used for drinking and cooking. Distribution of water taps in the area
of the study has been even and distributed to homes well. Electricity and telephone
network in this district have been met by the electricity network of the PLN (the
state-owned electricity company) where the electrical service has been evenly spread
to every resident’s house. The telephone network has also been spread well in all

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area of this village. The drainage sewer is also functioning well and looks clean.
The drainage system in this area is the source for Wastewater Treatment Plant
that is a form of support from Surabaya City Government. With the existence of
IPAL (wastewater treatment plant) in this area, the waste water could be reused to
water the plants. Domestic waste processing in this area is applied to the unrecycla-
ble items. The residents in RW XIII actively participate in managing their domestic
waste. Organic and non-organic garbage are place in separate bins, the organic gar-
bage that came from the cooking remains are cut into pieces and placed in the com-
poster to be processed as compost (see Figure 1).
Go green movement undertaken by the residents of RW XIII is contributed by
the local residents who are actively participated by planting greenery in front of their
houses. Various types of ornamental plants from pot plants and plants that are plant-
ed directly in the soils decorate their mini-garden in front of their homes. The major-
ity of the residents of RT 09 plant orchids in front of their homes that orchid has be-
come the identity of this RT and thus this RT is known as the “Orchid Village”. In
addition, there is also TOGA mini garden near the RW Hall that is managed by the
local residents.

Figure 1. Composter
Source: field survey, 2013

Social Aspect

Daily life in a township is very close-related to the social aspect. Social aspects of
the community can be very supportive in the efforts to realize ecological city. The
various social aspects in question is including the citizen empowerment routine ac-
tivities such as gathering, teaching, counselling, independent crafts, community ser-
vice, night guards, etc.

Economy Aspect

Independent Business, Many residents of RW XIII perform economic activities in

their home, so the house also functioned as a place to look for additional income,

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such as for boarding house, shop, cafe, school, place of sewing, and so forth. Bina
Mandiri is a program that aims to encourage citizens to participate in performing
certain activities that can generate profits to support the economy of the people.
Bina Mandiri activities include the citizen empowerment associations active in
household waste recycling process to be used as decorative items. The results of
these activities are sold in the bazaar events and SMEs in Surabaya. In addition to be
used as decorative handicrafts, dry waste can be collected in the waste bank then
each member will have/make accounting on revenues from the sale of waste that has
been collected (see Figure 2). Management of waste banks cooperate with Bina
Mandiri division of Surabaya City Government, the operational and financial man-
agement of rubbish bank is handled by the committee of the local residents consist
of six people.

Figure 2. Waste Bank

Source: field survey, 2013

Kampung Kertajaya in Relation with Green Economy Issue

One of the implementations of the green economy in this case study village in Ke-
lurahan Kertajaya RW XIII is to empower the garbage to be used again. In this vil-
lage, the organized management system makes this program run smoothly. Dry and
wet garbage can be a commercial aspect. Wet or organic garbage can be turned into
compost. We can do this by chopping the rest of the unused materials and put them
in a composter. The compost produced can be utilized to fertilize crops. This can
increase the amount of greenery in the environment contribute to the reduction of
global warming effects.
The management of dry garbage collection is done by summoning the mem-
bers of the community, which is the resident of RW XIII. They have a member book
that is use to record the litter that is sorted and weighed. The rubbish bank communi-
ty has a total of 6 members that are local residents. The garbagae is sorted by the
members to be sold according to the category determined by Bina Mandiri and the
money earned from this garbage management will be put into saving that belongs to
each member, the amount of the money depends on the weight of the garbage they
gave earlier.

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Given this reality, the recycle of dry waste such as paper or cardboard made
from wood, can reduce the felling of trees and thus lumberjack. Reusing plastic ma-
terials can also contribute to preserve the environment, because the plastic produc-
tion which process creates carbon emissions. In fact this is learning about waste
management is all about, it induces a follow-up movement of environmentally con-
scious efforts. Thus the implementation of green economy can bring benefits.

Quality of Life Elements in Ecological Development System in Kampung

Kertajaya

Environment is a combination of physical conditions that include a state of natural

resources such as soil, water, solar energy, minerals, and flora and fauna that grow
on the land and in the oceans, with institutions that include the creation of human
decisions of how to use the physical environment. In the settlement sector, govern-
ment and community efforts to improve the condition and quality of the neighbour-
hood has been socialized and run, one of them is in Kampung Kertajaya RW XIII
Surabaya.

Air Quality and Pollution

The biggest factor affecting people's health and quality of human resources is the
quality of the physical environment. The second factor is related to people's behav-
iour and lifestyle habits. The third is the form of health care such as public utilities,
waste disposal systems, etc.
Kampung Kertajaya RW XIII is located on the edge of the highway so this ar-
ea has a very high pollution. Plants grown at the sideways along the road may play a
role in reducing the spread of emissions, particularly in the form of gas. Various
types of shrubs and trees can reduce the level of nitrogen and sulphur in the air.

Water Resource Quality

Hydroelectric energy can be harnessed and converted into electricity, and hydroelec-
tric power plants do not produce greenhouse gas emissions. To be able to renew the
energy of water in the village Kertajaya, Wastewater Treatment Plant technology is
applied to process residual household waste that comes out through the sewers set-
tlements through the filter, which can then be reused for watering plants. The pres-
ence of wastewater treatment facilities cannot be separated from the role of govern-
ment to encourage citizens to participate in order to support the construction of eco-
logical city.

Waste Management Cycle

Organic waste or dry waste, for example, the remains of leaves to feed the animals
can be used for manure or fertilizer. Kampung Kertajaya RW XIII utilizes existing
waste in the form of organic waste to be processed into fertilizer.

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Greenery Quality

Greening in a small scale, for example planting greenery in the yard is associated
with greening ecological functions in general, so as to help improve the physical
quality of the urban environment that has a region of high population density.
Greening the yard has hydro ecological function because it helps slowing the fall
speed of rain water so that the soil surface is not easily broken. Yard also has the
function of micro-climatology ie plants around the home can reduce the hot sun and
can reduce solar radiation.
In RW XIII, Kampung Kertajaya almost every citizen has a green lawn at the
front of the houses which are clean and decorated by flowers so it looks neat, beauti-
ful, clean and refreshing. Greening is done by utilizing a relatively narrow area
around the house, planting vegetation, closing the gutter that is then designated to
place potted plants.

The Role of Environmental Village as A Tourism and Heritage Village

Kampung Kertajaya RW XIII Surabaya is a kampung settlement that has no heritage

buildings, thus the discussion will be focused on cultural and heritage tourism a
sustainable strategy (Raymond A. Rosenfeld) where culture and tourism is one of
the efforts in sustainable development. An approach in which a certain place is
encouraged into becoming a tourism destination can be realized if that place has a
valuable asset as well as valuable historical, cultural and environmental conditions.
Kampung Kertajaya RW XIII Surabaya is one of the winners of Surabaya
government event in support of sustainable development, namely the Green and
Clean, Kampung Kertajaya is also a pilot village in an effort to be eco-friendly vil-
lage and applying the principles of green architecture. Additionally Kertajaya village
is becoming tourist village with lush greenery throughout the village supported by
well Water Treatment Systems and waste management system, sufficient energy
utilization with the active participation of community and citizens who are aware of
the importance of a healthy environment.
As evidence, this village often gets rewards and often gets a visit from the ma-
yors of ASEAN who came to observe the unique waste treatment systems and waste
bank owned by residents as well as the utilization of waste into compost and sewage
treatment.

Construction System and Sustainable Materials in Kampung Kertajaya Sura-

baya

The relation of sustainable development and construction systems and sustainable or

friendly material originated from the concept of green architecture that is currently
widely used as a concept to design. Green architecture is an approach to building
plans that seek to minimize the various influences that can harm human health and
the environment.
Green architecture is a step to preserve the earth as a human habitation to min-
imize the destruction of nature and the environment. Green architecture approach

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begins with the concept of sustainable development that has a sense of development
that can meet the human needs of the present without compromising the potential of
future generations to meet their own needs. The related aspects of natural and artifi-
cial sustainable development include economic, social, cultural and institutional en-
ergy use. One embodiment of sustainable development can be achieved through the
application of green architecture. Embodiment of green architecture principles in a
better environment by Brenda and Robert Vale (Green Architecture Design for Sus-
tainable Future: 1991), there are several principles of green architecture: Conserving
Energy (energy conservation in buildings to maximize natural energy), Working
with Climate (buildings designed in harmony with climate and energy sourced in
nature), Minimizing New Resources (buildings designed to minimize resource use
and maximize the potential of new recycling), Respect for Users (buildings designed
according to the interests and needs of its consumer), Respect for Site (the building
is designed in accordance with capacity of the land and does not damage the existing
environment), Holism (the building is designed in an integrated manner to the prin-
ciples of green architecture development other).
Broadly speaking, the principles of green architecture is divided into three;
energy efficiency, green construction, and green materials (lighting systems, electri-
cal, mechanical, water, etc.), as well as the anticipation of global warming (waste
management, provision of green space, etc.).
Sustainable construction and materials create a healthy building is manifested
in the application of the concept of air treatment (either indoors or outdoors), water
treatment, sewage treatment (reduce, reuse, recycle implementation), as well as the
utilization of the energy contained in the natural environment. Explanation of case
studies related to the Kampung Kertajaya Surabaya construction system and the ap-
plication of sustainable material can be seen in the physical aspects of the village.

Air Treatment

The effort in creating a healthy environment is supported by the presence of fresh air
and a healthy environment free of pollution. Go green movement undertaken by the
residents of RW XIII is contributed by the local residents who are actively partici-
pated by planting greenery in front of their houses. Various types of ornamental
plants from pot plants and plants that are planted directly in the soils decorate their
mini-garden in front of their homes. The majority of the residents of RT 09 plant
orchids in front of their homes that orchid has become the identity of this RT and
thus this RT is known as the “Orchid Village”. In addition, there is also TOGA
(herbal plants) mini garden near the RW Hall that is managed by the local residents.
Most houses in Kampung Kertajaya have applied ecological principles with
the green movement that they perform in their surrounding. However, beside the
greening or greenery, they also need sufficient openings to produce fresh and
healthy air in each house. The majority of houses have already made or had suffi-
cient openings, yet several of them have not been applying good openings due to the
limited area or insufficient land and the population density in the neighborhood.

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Water Treatment

One of the essential sources of human life is water, thus healthy clean water can
cause healthy life. Source of clean water in RW XIII Kelurahan Kertajaya came
from taps, which are used for drinking and cooking. Distribution of water taps in the
area of the study has been even and distributed to homes well. The drainage con-
dition is well, it is also functioning well. The drainage is closed with pavement that
the water flows in the drainage. The drainage system in this area is the source for
Wastewater Treatment Plant that is a form of support from Surabaya City Govern-
ment (Figure 3). With the existence of wastewater treatment plant in this area, the
water waste can be reused to water the plants.

Figure 3. Wastewater Treatment

Plant (IPAL)
Source: field survey

Waste Management

Human daily life inevitably produces waste in the form of solid or liquid. Waste if
not treated properly will turn out to be a source of disease for human life. Waste is
residual from human’s daily life’s disposal that can potentially pose dangers in hu-
man’s life.
Organic waste or dry waste, for example, the remains of leaves to feed the an-
imals can be used for manure or fertilizer (Thohir in Anggraini, et al, 2012). Kam-
pung Kertajaya RW XIII utilizes existing waste in the form of organic waste to be
processed into fertilizer while the non-organic waste is sold to be reprocessed again.

The Participation of Society in Realizing Ecological Kampung

Community empowerment has become a popular term in the community these days.
Community empowerment is one method of movement used in running community
development programs, in the economic, social, cultural, educational, health, or a
combination of all these aspects.

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Various activities of the residents of Kampung Kertajaya RW XIII who had

earlier described the social aspect are the example of manifestation of community
empowerment that aims to achieve a sustainable society. With the enthusiasm and
participation of the citizens or the residents, the expected empowerment initiated by
the government and citizens can run continuously, independently, and thrive, and
does not depend anymore to the budget, donors, or the initiator of the program itself.
Community development through community empowerment method would
be much more beneficial and have long-term effect than government assistance pro-
grams that are oriented to the physical appearance alone. Physical development is
still required, but community development that is only performed in such extent will
never produce a society that is independent, empowered, and prosperous.
In achieving the ecological Kertajaya village, cadres in the neighborhood seek
to gather village communities in routine activities that have been agreed to and then
applied to everyday life. The role of the environment in the village cadre is not just
limited to motivating people to care about the environment, but also managing a
range of environmental management systems including financial management sys-
tem of the program "Rubbish Bank" which will be explained in the following dis-
cussion. With the participation of citizens based on environmentally conscious
thoughts, Kampung Kertajaya can grow as a healthy and beautiful village.
Villages in Surabaya have a strong character of mutual cooperation, so that
with the mutual agreement of the awareness program, the residents of Kampung
Kertajaya gladly run it with enthusiasm. The high form of tolerance makes up the
character of the village that cares about the environment so as to give contribution in
the attempt to realize eco city. The positive impact of caring villagers in addition to
providing ecological benefits to the neighbourhoods and the surrounding environ-
ment is also make citizens healthier physically and psychologically.
An activity of community-based development is a form of actual development
(Silas, 2012). A city development is better be done by both the community or socie-
ty and the government. In the course of environmentally friendly program run by the
residents of Kampung Kertajaya, Surabaya city government gives a token of appre-
ciation in the form of rewards "Beautiful Surabaya Green and Clean". The award is
an appreciation of the environmental conditions in Kampung Kertajaya Surabaya
settlements that are concerned about the preservation of the environment and the
health of the environment. Kampung Kertajaya won the award in growing village
category.
The potential of this village in terms of environmental awareness can open a
variety of new jobs and the achievements of this village can make this village a tour-
ist village that has good future prospects. The achievement cannot be separated from
the role and participation of the residents of Kampung Kertajaya, therefore these
achievements should be maintained until the next generation to meet the challenges
of urban development in the future.
The process of developing this village into a tourist village proves that the
community members were able to develop the village into a more useful place. It
also indicates that the members of the community have a potentiality in running
business activities and fulfilling their needs. This can have a positive impact on the
economic aspects.

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This village is able to attract visitors from different regions, so it can be used
to make business profit pursued by the village community to establish entrepreneur-
ship in Kampung Kertajaya RW XIII. Armed with a willingness to progress and de-
velop, accompanied by the ability to form knowledge, they are able to run their
business on a small scale. Indirectly it is an entrepreneurial activity. It is essential to
keep developing the small-scaled business. For example, many residents of RW XIII
conduct economic activities in their home, so the house also functioned as a place to
look for additional income, such as for boarding house, shop, cafe, school, place of
sewing, and so forth. With the increasing numbers of visitors who come to the vil-
lage can also increase their incomes on home-made effort.
The important thing is how the residents or community in RW XIII are re-
sponsible of their role in managing the potential available in this area. Through envi-
ronmental management activities, residents have the opportunity to process waste
into marketable products assisted by Bina Mandiri. Bina Mandiri is a program that
aims to encourage citizens to participate in and perform certain activities that can
generate profits to support the economy of the people. In this case Bina Mandiri
provides an opportunity for communities to manage their own business in the region
so as to explore the potential of natural resources properly and being responsible of
it. The management of the business based on the kinship between members of the
community in RWXIII.
The activities include the household waste recycling process to be used as
decorative items. The results of these activities are sold in the bazaar events and
SMEs in Surabaya. In addition to be used as decorative handicrafts, dry waste can be
collected in the waste bank then each member will make accounting on revenues
from the sale of waste that has been collected. Management of waste banks cooper-
ate with Bina Mandiri division of Surabaya City Government, the operational and
financial management of rubbish bank is handled by the committee of the local resi-
dents consist of six people. Almost every citizen participates in this activity. It is a
noble thing to do, because through this activity, the community can help improve the
economy sector by utilizing the unused products.

Further Development of Kampung Kertajaya

Kampung Kertajaya RWXIII had done well in preserving the environment, however
there is still lack in the implementation of programs or sustainable development that
was carried out by this village, there is not enough follow up from the innovation
and the lack og maximization of renewable energy. The renewed energy shall be
developed further in order to give more benefit. The number of composters is too
few compared to the number of homes in this village. They should have added the
quantity of the composters. I.E. each home must have one composter that the prod-
uct can give maximum benefit to the owner and the rest can be resold. This can help
improve the economic condition of the residents. In addition, the existence of the
wastewater treatment plant in this neighbourhood can help the residents to process
their water waste to be reused to water the plants. The so called innovation should be
studied and developed further, so that the people can learn the waste-water treatment
system from wastewater treatment plant so that the system could accommodate each

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house in the neighbourhood to be used again at least for watering plants or flushing
the toilet.
The village road is relatively narrow, and the drainage sewer is too small so
they need a solution to prevent flooding and water logging. One of the solutions to
these problems is to implement a biopori system. This may reduce the possibility of
flooding and water logging. Moreover, since this village is located in the heart of the
city, the village is dense-populated and lack of green open space. There should be a
green open space which can be used for a public facility owned by the village to ac-
commodate social events and community gathering outdoor. In addition to its pur-
pose to accommodate social activities, green open space can also serve as an absorb-
er of carbon dioxide and able to absorb rainwater into the ground.

CONCLUSIONS

The concept of Ecological City is now starting to be applied to reduce the global
warning. In this report, the discussion of ecological city (ecocity) concept and the
analysis of case study can be summarized as follows: first, application of the concept
of ecological city (eco-city) starts from the smallest scope of a city that is home;
second, a support program of the local government to invite the public awareness of
the environment (eg Surabaya Green and Clean program); third, in terms of physical
aspects, supporting facilities can create a healthy environment (trash, wastewater
processing, Greening, etc.); fourth, in social aspects, public awareness in creating a
healthy environment can establish a sustainable society; lastly in economic aspects,
the implementation of ecological city concept can improve residents’ economic
condition, for instance, the rubbish bank that is owned by each family.
From various studies on ecological system that has been done in the settle-
ments in Kampung Kertajaya RW XIII Surabaya, we can conclude that in the
attempt of realizing an eco city, this settlements have made contributions as the
following: supporting the improvement of human’s health, the activity of the resi-
dents that is integrated into sustainable development, can be a cadre of settlements
that have high environmental awareness, it is also expected to continue up to the
next generation.
In order to make Kampung Kertajaya a sustainable settlement, the village can
make a good use of technology application so that the village can be advance. The
maximization of the current innovation is also required in order to support the ad-
vancement.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

This work was a summary of Sustainable Development educational subject assign-

ment which held in Department of Architecture ITS Surabaya. We are grateful to
Prof. Ir. Happy Ratna S. and Ir. Purwanita Setijanti, for their advice and guidance
during the writing process of this work.

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