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    BIOLOGY

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    MyraSimora
    Biomolecules are small molecules that make up living organisms and include carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Carbohydrates include monosaccharides like glucose, fructose, and galactose. Lipids are fatty acids and glycerol and include triglycerides, phospholipids, and steroids. Carbohydrates are the most abundant molecules and primary energy source. They are classified as monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, or polysaccharides. Lipids are classified as triglycerides, sphingolipids, phospholipids, or steroids and are essential components of living organisms.

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    BIOLOGY

    Uploaded by

    MyraSimora
    68 views2 pages
    Biomolecules are small molecules that make up living organisms and include carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Carbohydrates include monosaccharides like glucose, fructose, and galactose. Lipids are fatty acids and glycerol and include triglycerides, phospholipids, and steroids. Carbohydrates are the most abundant molecules and primary energy source. They are classified as monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, or polysaccharides. Lipids are classified as triglycerides, sphingolipids, phospholipids, or steroids and are essential components of living organisms.

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    Biomolecules are small molecules that make up living organisms and include carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Carbohydrates include monosaccharides like glucose, fructose, and galactose. Lipids are fatty acids and glycerol and include triglycerides, phospholipids, and steroids. Carbohydrates are the most abundant molecules and primary energy source. They are classified as monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, or polysaccharides. Lipids are classified as triglycerides, sphingolipids, phospholipids, or steroids and are essential components of living organisms.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    68 views2 pages

    BIOLOGY

    Uploaded by

    MyraSimora
    Biomolecules are small molecules that make up living organisms and include carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Carbohydrates include monosaccharides like glucose, fructose, and galactose. Lipids are fatty acids and glycerol and include triglycerides, phospholipids, and steroids. Carbohydrates are the most abundant molecules and primary energy source. They are classified as monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, or polysaccharides. Lipids are classified as triglycerides, sphingolipids, phospholipids, or steroids and are essential components of living organisms.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 2

    BIOMOLECULES

    - small molecules that comprises all living


    organisms.

    Carbohydrates monosaccharides CHO


    Lipids fatty acids & glycerol CHO
    Proteins amino acids CHON
    Nucleic Acid nucleotides CHONP

    carbohydrates
    - it has the biggest contribution to the
    development of an organism
    - most abundant molecules of life
    - energy source

    Amylase- breaks down amylum


    Lactase- breaks down lactose

    CLASSIFICATION OF CARBOHYDRATES

    1. Monosaccharide
    - are also called "simple sugars".
    - the common base unit of all
    carbohydrate molecules.
    - have the highest oxygen to carbon
    ratio of any of the important organic
    molecules.
     Glucose (blood)
     Galactose (brain)
     Fructose (fruit)

    Alkane –
    Alkene =
    Alkane ≡

    2. Oligosaccharides
    - consist of molecules formed from a
    few (i.e. more than 2, but not
    "many") monosaccharide molecules
    joined together.
    3. Polysaccharides
    -consist of molecules formed from many TYPES OF UNSATURATED FAT (OILS)
    monosaccharide molecules attached
    together in the form of long chains.

    lipids
     Lipids are essential components of all living
    organisms
     Lipids are water insoluble organic
    Cis- nababali yung structure /Trans- hindi nababali
    compounds
     They are hydrophobic (nonpolar) or
    amphipathic (containing both nonpolar and -
    polar regions) 2. Sphingolipids
    - protection and structure of cell
    CLASSIFICATION OF LIPIDS
    - presence of of NH
    1. Triglycerides - linked to a polar head to one long
    - body’s main energy reservoir fatty acid
    - one glycerol backbone & 3 fatty 3. Phospholipids
    acids - making cell membrane
    - fats and oils - form micelles
    - only two fatty acid chains
    - hydrophilic head & hydrophobic tail
    4. Steroids
    - Similar solubility properties as lipids
    but not fatty acids or esters
    - Steroid nucleus (common basic
    structure)
     Testosterone- primary androgen hormone
     Estrogen- promote development of female’s
    body characteristics
    Fats Oils  Cortisone- released in response to stress
    - from animals - from plants
     Vitamin D- calcium absorption
    - saturated fatty - unsaturated fatty
    acids acids (essential)
    - do not have double - liquid at room
    bond in fatty acid temperature
    chain
    - solid at room
    temperature

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