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edu
THE
ASSYRIAN DICTIONARY
OF THE ORIENTAL INSTITUTE OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO
EDITORIAL BOARD
JOHN A. BRINKMAN, MIGUEL CIVIL, IGNACE J. GELB, A. LEO OPPENHEIM t, ERICA REINER
1980
PUBLISHED BY THE ORIENTAL INSTITUTE, CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, U.S.A.
AND J.J. AUGUSTIN VERLAGSBUCHHANDLUNG, GLOCKSTADT, GERMANY

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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD BOOK NUMBER

ISBN-13: 978-0-918986-17-7
ISBN-10: 0-918986-17-6
(SET: 978-0-918986-05-4, 0-918986-05-2)
LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOG CARD NUMBER: 56-58292
COPYRIGHT 1980 BY THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO

ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
The OrientalInstitute of the University of Chicago
Second Printing 1992

Third Printing2008
The preparation of this volume of The Assyrian Dictionary was

made possible in part by a grant from the Program for Research
Tools and Reference Works of the National Endowment for the
Humanities, an independent Federal agency.
PRINTED BY CUSHING-MALLOY, ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN, THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
COMPOSITION BY J. J. AUGUSTIN, GLUCKSTADT, GERMANY

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THE ASSYRIAN DICTIONARY

VOLUME 11
N
PART I
ERICA REINER
EDITOR-IN-CHARGE
ROBERT D. BIGGS, ASSOCIATE EDITOR
WITH THE ASSISTANCE OF
BRIGITTE GRONEBERG, HERMANN HUNGER, JOHANNES RENGER,
KASPAR K. RIEMSCHNEIDER f, AND MARTEN STOL
MANUSCRIPT EDITOR
PETER T. DANIELS
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Foreword
Part of the basic manuscript of this volume had been written by A. Leo Oppenheim.
Major portions of the basic manuscript were prepared by Brigitte Groneberg (University of
Tiibingen), Hermann Hunger (University of Vienna), Johannes Renger (Freie Universitat
Berlin), Kaspar K. Riemschneider, and Marten Stol (Rijksuniversiteit te Leiden).
Thanks are again due to several colleagues abroad for their help in the preparation of
this volume: to Professor W. G. Lambert, University of Birmingham, who read the manu-
script and made suggestions and corrections and contributed unpublished material; and to
Professor Mogens Trolle Larsen, University of Copenhagen, who made a number of valuable
suggestions concerning the Old Assyrian material. I have greatly benefited, moreover, from
the comments of Professors Hans Hirsch (University of Vienna), Simo Parpola (University
of Helsinki), and Klaas R. Veenhof (Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam), who during their stay
at the Oriental Institute not only read the proofs but were also helpful with discussions
of difficult matters.
Thanks are due as well to Irving L. Finkel (British Museum) and Maureen L. Gallery
(Oriental Institute) for help in final checking of references.
Chicago, Illinois ERICA REINER

July, 1977
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Provisional List of Bibliographical Abbreviations

The following compilation brings up to date the list of abbreviations given in volumes A Parts 1 and 2,
B, D, E, G, H, I/J, K, L, M, *, and Z and includes the titles previously cited according to the lists
of abbreviations in Archiv fir Orientforschung, W. von Soden, Grundri der akkadischen Gramma-
tik, and Zeitschrift fur Assyriologie. Complete bibliographical references will be given in a later volume.
The list also includes the titles of the lexical series as prepared for publication by B. Landsberger, or
under his supervision, or in collaboration with him.
A lexical series a A = ndqu, pub. Ai. lexical series ki.KI.KAL.bi.9 = ana

MSL 14 itti4u, pub. MSL 1
A tablets in the collections of the AIPHOS Annuaire de l'Institut de Philo-
Oriental Institute, University of logie et d'Histoire Orientales et
Chicago Slaves (Brussels)
A-tablet lexical text, see MSL 13 10ff. Aistleitner J. Aistleitner, Worterbuch der
AAA Annals of Archaeology and Anthro- Worterbuch Ugaritischen Sprache
pology AJA American Journal of Archaeology
AAAS Annales Archeologiques Arabes AJSL American Journal of Semitic Lan-
Syriennes guages and Literatures
AASF Annales Academiae Scientiarum AKA E. A. W. Budge and L. W. King,
Fennicae The Annals of the Kings of
AASOR The Annual of the American Schools Assyria
of Oriental Research F.A.Ali Su- F.A.Ali, Sumerian Letters: Two
AB Assyriologische Bibliothek merian Collections from the Old Baby-
ABAW Abhandlungen der Bayerisehen Letters lonian Schools
Akademie der Wissenschaften Alp Beamten- S. Alp, Untersuchungen zu den
AbB Altbabylonische Briefe in Um- namen Beamtennamen im hethitischen
schrift und t bersetzung Festzeremoniell
Abel-Winckler L. Abel and H. Winckler, Keil- Altmann,ed., Altmann, ed., Biblical and Other
schrifttexte zum Gebrauch bei Biblical and Studies (= Philip W. Lown In-
Vorlesungen Other Studies stitute of Advanced Judaic Stud-
ABIM A. al-Zeebari, Altbabylonische ies, Brandeis University, Studies
Briefe des Iraq-Museums and Texts: Vol. 1)
ABL R. F. Harper, Assyrian and Baby- AMI Archiologische Mitteilungen aus
lonian Letters Iran
ABoT Ankara Arkeoloji Miizesinde ... AMSUH Abhandlungen aus dem mathema-
Bogazkoy Tabletleri tischen Seminar der Universitiit
AbS-T field numbers of Pre-Sar. tablets Hamburg
excavated at Tell Abfi Salabikh AMT R. C. Thompson, Assyrian Medical
ACh C. Virolleaud, L'Astrologie chalde- Texts ...
enne An lexical series An = Anum
Acta Or. Acta Orientalia Anatolian Anatolian Studies Presented to
Actes du 8* Actes du 8* Congres International Studies Hans Gustav Giiterbock
Congres des Orientalistes, Section S6mi- Giiterbock
International tique (B) AnBi Analecta Biblica
ADD C. H. W. Johns, Assyrian Deeds Andrae W. Andrae, Die Festungswerke
and Documents Festungs- von Assur (- WVDOG 23)
AfK Archiv fur Keilschriftforschung werke
AfO Archiv fur Orientforschung Andrae W. Andrae, Die Stelenreihen in
AGM Archiv fiir Geschichte der Medizin Stelenreihen Assur (- WVDOG 24)
AHDO Archives d'histoire du droit oriental ANES Journal of the Ancient Near
AHw. W. von Soden, Akkadisches Hand- Eastern Society of Columbia
w6rterbuch University
vii
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ProvisionalList of BibliographicalAbbreviations
Angim epic Angim dimma, cited from Observations Chronological Problems of the
MS. of A. Falkenstein Karum Kani§
AnOr Analecta Orientalia Balkan K. Balkan, Eine Schenkungsur-
AnSt Anatolian Studies Schenkungs- kunde aus der althethitischen
Antagal lexical series antagal = kAaq urkunde Zeit, gefunden in Inandik 1966
AO tablets in the collections of the Barton G. A. Barton, Haverford Library
Muse du Louvre Haverford Collection of CuneiformTablets or
AOAT Alter Orient und Altes Testament Documents from the Temple
AOAW Anzeiger der Osterreichischen Aka- Archives of Telloh
demie der Wissenschaften Barton MBI G. A. Barton, Miscellaneous Baby-
AOB Altorientalische Bibliothek lonian Inscriptions
AOS American Oriental Series Barton RISA G. A. Barton, The Royal Inscrip-
AOTU Altorientalische Texte und Unter- tions of Sumer and Akkad
suchungen BASOR Bulletin of the American Schools
APAW Abhandlungen der PreuBlischen of Oriental Research
Akademie der Wissenschaften Bauer Asb. T. Bauer, Das Inschriftenwerk As-
Arkeologya Tiirk Tarih, Arkeologya ve Ethno- surbanipals
Dergisi grafya Dergisi Bauer Lagasch J. Bauer, Altsumerische Wirt-
ARM Archives royales de Mari (1-10 = schaftstexte aus Lagasch (= Stu-
TCL 22-31; 14, 18, 19 = Textes dia Pohl 9)
cuneiformes de Mari 1-3) Baumgartner Hebraische Wortforschung, Fest-
ARMT Archives royales de Mari (texts in AV schrift zum 80. Geburtstag von
transliteration and translation) Walter Baumgartner (= VT
Aro Glossar J. Aro, Glossar zu den mittel- Supp. 16)
babylonischen Briefen (= StOr22) BBK Berliner Beitrage zur Keilschrift-
Aro Gramm. J. Aro, Studien zur mittelbaby- forschung
lonischen Grammatik (= StOr 20) BBR H. Zimmern, Beitrage zur Kenntnis
Aro Infinitiv J. Aro, Die akkadischen Infinitiv- der babylonischen Religion
konstruktionen (= StOr 26) BBSt. L. W. King, Babylonian Boundary
Aro Kleider- J.Aro, Mittelbabylonische Kleider- Stones
texte texte der Hilprecht-Sammlung BE Babylonian Expedition of the Uni-
Jena versity of Pennsylvania, Series A:
ArOr Archiv Orientalni Cuneiform Texts
ARU J. Kohler and A. Ungnad, Assy- Belleten Tirk Tarih Kurumu, Belleten
rische Rechtsurkunden Bergmann E. Bergmann, Lugale (in MS.)
AS Assyriological Studies (Chicago) Lugale
ASAW Abhandlungen der Sachsischen Bezold Cat. C. Bezold, Catalogue of the Cunei-
Akademie der Wissenschaften form Tablets in the Kouyunjik
ASGW Abhandlungen der Sachsischen Ge- Collection of the British Museum
sellschaft der Wissenschaften Bezold Cat. L. W. King, Catalogue of the
ASKT P. Haupt, Akkadische und sume- Supp. Cuneiform Tablets of the British
rische Keilschrifttexte ... Museum. Supplement
ASSF Acta Societatis Scientiarum Fen- Bezold Glossar C. Bezold, Babylonisch-assyrisches
nicae Glossar
Assur field numbers of tablets excavated BHT S. Smith, Babylonian Historical
at Assur Texts
Augapfel J. Augapfel, Babylonische Rechts- BiAr The Biblical Archaeologist
urkunden aus der Regierungszeit Bib. Biblica
Artaxerxes I. und Darius II. Biggs Al-Hiba R. D. Biggs, Inscriptions from Al-
Aynard Asb. J.-M. Aynard, Le Prisme du Louvre Hiba-Lagash: The First and Sec-
AO 19.939 ond Seasons
BA Beitrage zur Assyriologie .. . Biggs gaziga R. D. Biggs, SA.ZI.GA: Ancient
Bab. Babyloniaca Mesopotamian Potency Incan-
Bagh. Mitt. Baghdader Mitteilungen tations (= TCS 2)
Balkan Kassit. K. Balkan, Kassitenstudien (= AOS Bilgic Appel- E. Bilgi9 , Die einheimischen Appel-
Stud. 37) lativa der lativa der kappadokischen Texte
Balkan Letter K. Balkan, Letter of King Anum- kapp. Texte
Hirbi of Mama to King Warshama BIN Babylonian Inscriptions in the Col-
of Kanish lection of J. B. Nies
Balkan K. Balkan, Observations on the BiOr Bibliotheca Orientalis
viii
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ProvisionalList of BibliographicalAbbreviation8
Birot Tablet- M. Birot, Tablettes 6conomiques et BSAW Berichte der Sachsischen Akademie
tes administratives d'6poque babylo- der Wissenschaften
nienne ancienne conserv6es au Mu- BSGW Berichte der Sachsischen Gesell-
s6e d'Art et d'Histoire de Geneve schaft der Wissenschaften
BM tablets in the collections of the BSL Bulletin de la Socie6t de Linguis-
British Museum tique de Paris
BMAH Bulletin des MusBes Royaux d'Art BSOAS Bulletin of the School of Oriental
et d'Histoire and African Studies
BMFA Bulletin of the Museum of Fine Bu. tablets in the collections of the
Arts British Museum
BMMA Bulletin of the Metropolitan Mu- CAD The Assyrian Dictionary of the
seum of Art Oriental Institute of the Uni-
BMQ The British Museum Quarterly versity of Chicago
BMS L. W. King, Babylonian Magic and Cagni Erra L. Cagni, L'epopea di Erra
Sorcery Camb. J. N. Strassmaier, Inschriften von
Bo. field numbers of tablets excavated Cambyses
at Boghazkeui CBM tablets in the collections of the
Bohl Chres- F. M. T. Bohl, Akkadian Chres- University Museum of the Uni-
tomathy tomathy versity of Pennsylvania, Phila-
Bohl Leiden F. M. T. Bohl, Mededeelingen uit delphia (= CBS)
Coll. de Leidsche Verzameling van CBS tablets in the collections of the
Spijkerschrift-Inscripties University Museum of the Uni-
Boissier Choix A. Boissier, Choix de textes relatifs versity of Pennsylvania, Phila-
6 la divination assyro-babylo- delphia
nienne CCT Cuneiform Texts from Cappadocian
Boissier DA A. Boissier, Documents assyriens Tablets
relatifs aux presages CH R. F. Harper, The Code of Ham-
B6llenricher J. B6llenriicher, Gebete und Hym- murabi ...
Nergal non an Nergal (= LSS 1/6) Chantre E. Chantre, Recherches archdolo-
BOR Babylonian and Oriental Record giques dans l'Asie occidentale.
Borger R. Borger, Einleitung in die assyri- Mission en Cappadoce 1893-94
Einleitung schen K6nigsinschriften Chiera STA E. Chiera, Selected Temple Ac-
Borger Esarh. R. Borger, Die Inschriften Asar- counts from Telloh, Yokha and
haddons, Konigs von Assyrien Drehem. Cuneiform Tablets in the
(= AfO Beiheft 9) Library of Princeton University
Borger HKL R. Borger, Handbuch der Keil- Christian Festschrift fir Prof. Dr. Viktor
schriftliteratur Festschrift Christian
Boson G. Boson, Tavolette cuneiformi (ig-Kizilyay M. ig and H. Kizilyay, Neusumeri-
Tavolette sumere ... NRVN sche Rechts- und Verwaltungs-
BoSt Boghazkoi- Studien urkunden aus Nippur
BoTU Die Boghazk6i-Texte in Umschrift
... (= WVDOG 41-42)
gig-Kizilyay- M. <ig, H. Kizilyay (Bozkurt),
Kraus Nippur F. R. Kraus, Altbabylonische
Boudou Liste A. Boudou, Liste de noms g6o- Rechtsurkunden aus Nippur
graphiques (= Or. 36-38) (ig-Kizilyay- M. (ig, H. Kizilyay, A. Salonen,
Boyer Contri- G. Boyer, Contribution l'histoire Salonen Die PuzriS-Dagan-Texte (= AASF
bution juridique de la 1e Dynastie PuzriA-Dagan- B 92)
babylonienne Texte
von Branden- C. G. von Brandenstein, Hethiti- Clay PN A. T. Clay, Personal Names from
stein Heth. sche G6tter nach Bildbeschrei- Cuneiform Inscriptions of the Cas-
G6tter bungen in Keilschrifttexten (= site Period (- YOR 1)
MVAG 46/2) Cocqerillat D. Cocquerillat, Palmeraies et cul-
Brinkman J. A. Brinkman, Materials and Palmeraies tures de l'Eanna d'Uruk (559-520)
MSKH Studies for Kassite History Coll. de Clercq H. F. X. de Clercq, Collection de
Brinkman J. A. Brinkman, A Political His- Clercq. Catalogue ...
PKB tory of Post-Kassite Babylonia, Combe Sin E.Combe, Histoire du culte de Sin
1158-722 B.C. (= AnOr 43) en Babylonie et en Assyrie
BRM Babylonian Records in the Library Contenau G. Contenau, Contribution 1l'his-
of J. Pierpont Morgan Contribution toire 6conomique d'Umma
Brockelmann C. Brockelmann, Lexicon syriacum, Contenau G. Contenau, Umma sous la
Lex. Syr. 2 2nd ed. Umma Dynastie d'Ur
ix
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Provisional List of BibliographicalAbbreviations

Copenhagen tablets in the collections of the Dream-book A. L. Oppenheim, The Inter-
National Museum, Copenhagen pretation of Dreams in the Ancient
Corpus of E.Porada, Corpus of Ancient Near Near East (= Transactions of the
Ancient Near Eastern Seals in North American American Philosophical Society,
Eastern Seals Collections Vol. 46/3)
CRAI Academie des Inscriptions et Belles van Driel Cult G. van Driel, The Cult of Asur
Lettres. Comptes rendus of Amur
Craig AAT J. A. Craig, Astrological-Astro- D.T. tablets in the collections of the
nomical Texts British Museum
Craig ABRT J. A. Craig, Assyrian and Babylo- Ea lexical series ea A = ndqu, pub.
nian Religious Texts MSL 14
Cros Tello G.Cros, Mission francaise de EA J. A. Knudtzon, Die El-Amarna-
Chaldee. Nouvelles fouilles de Tello Tafeln (= VAB 2); EA 359-79:
CRRA Compte rendu, Rencontre Assyrio- A.F.Rainey, El Amarna Tablets
logique Internationale 359-79 (= AOAT 8)
CT Cuneiform Texts from Babylonian Eames Coll. A. L. Oppenheim, Catalogue of the
Tablets Cuneiform Tablets of the Wilber-
CTN Cuneiform Texts from Nimrud force Eames Babylonian Col-
Cyr. J. N. Strassmaier, Inschriften von lection in the New York Public
Cyrus Library (= AOS 32)
DAFI Cahiers de la D61lgation Archeolo- Eames Col- tablets in the Wilberforce Eames
gique Frangaise en Iran lection Babylonian Collection in the New
Dalman G. H. Dalman, ... Aramaisch-neu- York Public Library
Aram. Wb. hebraisches Worterbuch zu Tar- Ebeling E. Ebeling, Glossar zu den neu-
gum, Talmud und Midrasch Glossar babylonischen Briefen
Dar. J. N. Strassmaier, Inschriften von Ebeling E. Ebeling, Die akkadische Ge-
Darius Handerhebung betsserie "Handerhebung" (=
David AV J. A. Ankum, R. Feenstra, VIO 20)
W. F. Leemans, eds., Symbolae Ebeling KMI E. Ebeling, Keilschrifttexte medi-
iuridicae et historicae Martino zinischen Inhalts
David dedicatae. Tomus alter: Ebeling E. Ebeling, Neubabylonische
lura Orientis antiqui Neubab. Briefe
Deimel Fara A.Deimel, Die Inschriften von Fara Briefe
(- WVDOG 40, 43, 45) Ebeling E . Ebeling, Neubabylonische
Delaporte L. J. Delaporte, Catalogue des Neubab. 1Briefe aus Uruk
Catalogue cylindres orientaux ... de la Briefe aus Uruk
Bibliotheque Bibliotheque Nationale Ebeling E. Ebeling, Parfiimrezepte und
Nationale Parfiimrez. kultische Texte aus Assur (also
Delaporte L. J. Delaporte, Catalogue des pub. in Or. NS 17-19)
Catalogue cylindres ... Musee de Louvre Ebeling E. Ebeling, Stiftungen und Vor-
Louvre Stiftungen schriften fur assyrische Tempel
Delitzsch AL 3 F. Delitzsch, Assyrische Lesesticke, (= VIO 23)
3rd ed. Ebeling E. Ebeling, Bruchstiicke einer
Delitzsch F. Delitzsch, Assyrisches Hand- Wagenpferde mittelassyrischen Vorschriften-
HWB worterbuch sammlung fur die Akklimati-
Dietrich M. Dietrich, Die Aramaer Siid- sierung und Trainierung von
Aramaer babyloniens in der Sargoniden- Wagenpferden (- VIO 7)
zeit (- AOAT 7) Edzard Tell D. O. Edzard, Altbabylonische
van Dijk J. van Dijk, Sumerische Gotter- ed-Der Rechts- undWirtschaftsurkunden
Gotterlieder lieder aus Tell ed-Der
van Dijk J. van Dijk, La Sagesse Sumero- Edzard D. O. Edzard, Die "Zweite Zwi-
La Sagesse Accadienne Zwischenzeit schenzeit" Babyloniens
Diri lexical series diri DIR siku - Eilers W. Eilers, Iranische Beamten-
(w)atru Beamten- namen in der keilschriftlichen
Divination J. Nougayrol, ed., La divination namen tOberlieferung (= Abhandlungen
en msopotamie ancienne et dans fur die Kunde des Morgenlandes
les r4gions voisines 25/5)
DLZ Deutsche Literaturzeitung Eilers W. Eilers, Gesellschaftsformen im
DP M. Allotte de la Fuie, Documents Gesellschafts- altbabylonischen Recht
pr6sargoniques formen
x
oi.uchicago.edu
Emesal Voc. lexical series dimmer - dingir Frankena R. Frankena, T&kultu, De saerale
= ilu, pub. MSL 4 3-44 Takultu Maaltijd in het assyrische Ritueel
En. el. Enuma elil Freydank H. Freydank, Spatbabylonische
Erimhus lexical series erimbu = anantu Wirtschafts- Wirtschaftstexte aus Uruk
Erimhu Bogh. Boghazkeui version of Erimhu texte
Eshnunna Code see Goetze LE Friedrich R. von Kienle, ed., Festschrift
Evetts App. B. T. A. Evetts, Inscriptions of ... Festschrift Johannes Friedrich ...
Evil-Merodach ... Appendix Friedrich J. Friedrich, Die hethitischen Ge-
Evetts Ev.-M. B. T. A. Evetts, Inscriptions of Gesetze setze (= Documenta et monu-
... Evil-Merodach menta orientis antiqui 7)
Evetts Lab. B. T. A. Evetts, Inscriptions of Friedrich J. Friedrich, Hethitisches W6rter-
... Laborosoarchod Heth. Wb. buch ...
Evetts Ner. B. T. A. Evetts, Inscriptions of Friedrich J. Friedrich, Staatsvertrage des
... Neriglissar Staatsver- Hatti-Reiches in hethitischer
ExplicitMalku synonym list malku - arru, ex- trage Sprache (- MVAG 34/1)
plicit version (Tablets I-II pub. Gadd Early C. J. Gadd, The Early Dynasties of
A. D. Kilmer, JAOS 83 421ff.) Dynasties Sumer and Akkad
Fales Censi- F. M. Fales, Censimenti e catasti Gadd Ideas C. J. Gadd, Ideas of Divine Rule
menti di epoca neo-assira in the Ancient East
Falkenstein A. Falkenstein, Archaische Texte Gadd C. J. Gadd, Teachers and Students
ATU aus Uruk Teachers in the Oldest Schools
Falkenstein A. Falkenstein, Das Sumerische Gandert A. von Miiller, ed., Gandert Fest-
Das Sume- (= Handbuch der Orientalistik, Festschrift schrift (= Berliner Beitrage zur
rische Erste Abteilung, Zweiter Band, Vor- und Friihgeschichte 2)
Erster und Zweiter Abschnitt, Garelli Gilg. P. Garelli, Gilgame et sa legende.
Lieferung I) etudes recueillies par Paul
Falkenstein A. Falkenstein, Die neusumerischen Garelli & l'occasion de la VIIe
Gerichts- Gerichtsurkunden Rencontre Assyriologique Inter-
urkunden nationale (Paris, 1958)
Falkenstein A.Falkenstein, Sumerische Gotter- Garelli Les P. Garelli, Les Assyriens en Cap-
G6tterlieder lieder Assyriens padoce
Falkenstein A. Falkenstein, Grammatik der Gaster AV Occident and Orient (Studies in
Grammatik Sprache Gudeas von Lagas (= Honour of M. Gaster)
AnOr 28 and 29) Gautier J. E. Gautier, Archives d'une
Falkenstein A. Falkenstein, Die Haupttypen Dilbat famille de Dilbat ...
Haupttypen der sumerischen Beschworung GCCI R. P. Dougherty, Goucher College
(= LSS NF 1) Cuneiform Inscriptions
Falkenstein A. Falkenstein, Topographie von Gelb OAIC I. J. Gelb, Old Akkadian Inscrip-
Topographie Uruk tions in Chicago Natural History
Farber Istar W. Farber, Beschworungsrituale Museum
und Dumuzi an Istar und Dumuzi Genouillac H. de Genouillac, Premieres re-
FF Forschungen und Fortschritte Kich cherches archeologiques a Kich
Figulla Cat. H. H. Figulla, Catalogue of the Genouillac H. de Genouillac, La trouvaille de
Babylonian Tablets in the British Trouvaille Dr6hem
Museum Gesenius 1 7 W. Gesenius, Hebraisches und
Finet A. Finet, L'Accadien des Lettres de aramaisches Handworterbuch,
L'Accadien Mari 17thed.
Finkelstein Essays on the Ancient Near East GGA Gottingische Gelehrte Anzeigen
Mem. Vol. in Memory of Jacob Joel Finkel- Gibson-Biggs M. Gibson and R. D. Biggs, eds.,
stein Seals Seals and Sealing in the Ancient
Fish Catalogue T. Fish, Catalogue of Sumerian Near East
Tablets in the John Rylands Gilg. Gilgameg epic, cited fromThompson
Library Gilg. (M. = Meissner Fragment,
Fish Letters T.Fish, Letters of the First Baby. OB Version of Tablet X, P. -
lonian Dynasty in the John Pennsylvania Tablet, OB Version
Rylands Library, Manchester of Tablet II, Y. - Yale Tablet,
FLP tablets in the collections of the OB Version of Tablet III)
Free Library of Philadelphia Gilg. O. . OB Gilg. fragment from Isbchali
Frankel S. Frankel, Die aramaischen pub. by T. Bauer, JNES 16
Fremdw. Fremdworter im Arabischen 254ff.
xi
oi.uchicago.edu

Goetze A. Goetze, Hattuilis. Der Bericht Tierbilder sumerischen Literatur (= Studia
JHattuAili fiber seine Thronbesteigung nebst Pohl 2)
den Paralleltexten (= MVAG 29/3) Herzfeld API E. Herzfeld, Altpersische In-
Goetze A. Goetze, Kizzuwatna and the schriften
Kizzuwatna Problem of Hittite Geography Hewett An- D. D. Brand and F. E. Harvey,
(- YOR 22) niversary eds., So Live the Works of Men:
Goetze LE A. Goetze, The Laws of Eshnunna Vol. Seventieth Anniversary Volume
(= AASOR 31) Honoring Edgar Lee Hewett
Goetze Neue A. Goetze, Neue Bruchstiicke Hg. lexical series HBg.gud = imr
Bruchstiicke zum grolen Text des Hattulilii - ballu, pub. MSL 5-11
und den Paralleltexten (-.
HG J. Kohler et al., Hammurabi's
MVAG 34/2) Gesetz
Goldziher Gedichtnisschrift Goldziher I
Hh. lexical series HAR.ra hubullu (Hh.
Memorial
I-IVpub. Landsberger, MSL5 ;Hh.
Volume
V-VII pub. Landsberger, MSL 6;
Gol6nischeff V. S. Golnischeff, Vingt-quatre
Hh. VIII-XII pub. Landsberger,
tablettes cappadociennes ...
MSL 7; Hh. XIII-XIV, XVIII
Gordon AV Orient and Occident: Essays Pre-
pub. Landsberger, MSL 8; Hh.
sented to Cyrus H. Gordon...
XV pub. Landsberger, MSL 9;
(= AOAT 22)
Hh. XVI,XVII,XIX pub. Lands-
Gordon C. H. Gordon, Ugaritic Handbook
berger-Reiner, MSL 10; Hh.
Handbook (= AnOr 25)
XX-XXIV pub. Landsberger-
Gordon Smith C. H. Gordon, Smith College
Reiner, MSL 11)
College Tablets ... (= Smith College
Studies in History, Vol. 38) Hilprecht AV Hilprecht Anniversary Volume.
Gordon E. I. Gordon, Sumerian Proverbs Studies in Assyriology and Ar-
Sumerian chaelogy Dedicated to Hermann
Proverbs V. Hilprecht
Gossmann Era F. Gossmann, Das Era-Epos Hilprecht H. V. Hilprecht, The Earliest
Grant Bus. E. Grant, Babylonian Business Deluge Story Version of the Babylonian Deluge
Doc. Documents of the Classical Period Story and the Temple Library of
Grant Smith E. Grant, Cuneiform Documents in Nippur
College the Smith College Library Hinke Kudurru W. J. Hinke, Selected Babylonian
Gray Samar C. D. Gray, The Samai Religious Kudurru Inscriptions, No. 5,
Texts ... pp. 21-27
Grayson A. K. Grayson, Babylonian Histor- Hinz AFF W. Hinz, Altiranische Funde und
BHLT ical-Literary Texts (= TSTS 3) Forschungen
Grayson A. K. Grayson, Assyrian and Baby- Hirsch H. Hirsch, Untersuchungen zur alt-
Chronicles lonian Chronicles (= TCS 5) Unter- assyrischen Religion (= AfOBei-
Guest Notes E. Guest, Notes on Plants and suchungen heft 13/14)
on Plants Plant Products with their Collo- Hoffner H. A. Hoffner, Alimenta Hethae-
quial Names in 'Iraq Alimenta orum (= AOS 55)
Guest Notes E. Guest, Notes on Trees and Holma H. Holma, Kleine Beitrage zum
on Trees Shrubs for Lower Iraq Kl. Beitr. assyrischen Lexikon
Giiterbock H. G. Giiterbock, Siegel aus Bo- Holma H. Holma, Die Namen der Kor-
Siegel gazkoy (= AfO Beiheft 5 and 7) Korperteile perteile im Assyrisch-babylo-
Hallo Royal W.W.Hallo, Early Mesopotamian nischen
Titles Royal Titles (- AOS 43) Holma Omen H. Holma, Omen Texts from Baby-
Hartmann H. Hartmann, Die Musik der su- Texts lonian Tablets in the British
Musik merischen Kultur Museum ...
Haupt P. Haupt, Das babylonische Nim- Holma H. Holma, Die assyrisch-babylo-
Nimrodepos rodepos Quttulu nischen Personennamen der Form
Haverford E. Grant, ed., The Haverford Quttulu
Symposium Symposium on Archaeology and Holma H. Holma, Weitere Beitrage zum
the Bible Weitere assyrischen Lexikon
Hecker K. Hecker, Die Keilschrifttexte der Beitr.
Giessen Universitatsbibliothek Giessen Hrozny F. Hrozny. Code hittite provenant
Hecker K. Hecker, Grammatik der Kiil- Code Hittite de 1'Asie Mineure
Grammatik tepe-Texte (- AnOr 44) Hrozny F. Hrozny, Das Getreide im alten
Heimpel W. Heimpel, Tierbilder in der Getreide Babylonien ...
xii
oi.uchicago.edu
ProvisionalList of BibliographicalAbbreviation8
Hrozny F.Hrozny, Inscriptions cuneiformes JENu Joint Expedition with the Iraq
Kultepe du Kultep6 (- ICK 1) (= Monogr. Museum at Nuzi, unpub.
ArOr 14) JEOL Jaarbericht van het Vooraziatisch-
Hrozny F. Hrozny, Die Keilschrifttexte von Egyptisch Genootschap "Ex
Ta'annek Ta'annek, in Sellin Ta'annek Oriente Lux"
HS tablets in the Hilprecht collection, JESHO Journal of the Economic and
Jena Social History of the Orient
HSM tablets in the collections of the Jestin NTSS R. Jestin, Nouvelles tablettes
Harvard Semitic Museum sum6riennes de Suruppak
HSS Harvard Semitic Series Jestin R. Jestin, Tablettes sum6riennes de
HUCA Hebrew Union College Annual Suruppak Suruppak ...
Hunger H. Hunger, Babylonische und As- JJP Journal of Juristic Papyrology
Kolophone syrische Kolophone (= AOAT 2) JKF Jahrbuch fur kleinasiatische For
Hunger Uruk H. Hunger, Spatbabylonische Tex- schung
te aus Uruk JNES Journal of Near Eastern Studies
Hussey M. I. Hussey, Sumerian Tablets in Johns Dooms- C. H. W. Johns, An Assyrian
Sumerian the Harvard Semitic Museum day Book Doomsday Book
Tablets (= HSS 3 and 4) Jones-Snyder T. B. Jones and J. Snyder, Sume-
IB tablets in the collections of the rian Economic Texts from the
Pontificio Istituto Biblico, Rome Third Ur Dynasty
IBoT Istanbul Arkeoloji Miizelerinde Bu- JPOS Journal of the Palestine Oriental
lunan Bogazkoy Tabletleri Society
ICK Inscriptions cuneiformes du Kul- JQR Jewish Quarterly Review
Idu lexical series A = idu [tep6 JRAS Journal of the Royal Asiatic So-
IEJ Israel Exploration Journal ciety
IF Indogermanische Forschungen JSOR Journal of the Society of Oriental
Igituh lexical series igitub = tmartu. Research
Igituh short version pub. Lands- JSS Journal of Semitic Studies
berger-Gurney, AfO 18 81ff. JTVI Journal of the Transactions of the
ILN Illustrated London News Victoria Institute
IM tablets in the collections of the Iraq K. tablets in the Kouyunjik collection
Museum, Baghdad of the British Museum
Imgidda to see Erimhu Kagal lexical series kagal abullu, pub.
Erimhus Civil, MSL 13 227-261
Istanbul tablets in the collections of the Ar- KAH Keilschrifttexte aus Assur histori-
chaeological Museum of Istanbul schen Inhalts
ITT Inventaire des tablettes de Tello KAJ Keilschrifttexte aus Assur juristi-
Izbu Comm. commentary to the series Aumma schen Inhalts
izbu, cited from MS. of B. Lands- Kang SACT S. Kang, Sumerian and Akkadian
berger, pub. Leichty Izbu pp. Cuneiform Texts in the Collection
211-233 of the World History Museum of
Izi lexical series izi -= i~itu, pub. the University of Illinois
Civil, MSL 13 154-226 KAR Keilschrifttexte aus Assur religi-
Izi Bogh. Boghazkeui version of Izi, pub. osen Inhalts
Civil, MSL 13 132-147 KAV Keilschrifttexte aus Assur ver-
JA Journal asiatique schiedenen Inhalts
Jacobsen T. Jacobsen, CuneiformTexts inthe KB Keilinschriftliche Bibliothek
Copenhagen National Museum, Copenhagen KBo Keilschrifttexte aus Boghazk6i
Jankowska N. B. Jankowska, Klinopisnye Kent Old R. G. Kent, Old Persian ...
KTK teksty iz Kjul'-Tepe v sobrani- Persian (= AOS 33)
iakh SSSR Ker Porter R. Ker Porter, Travels in Georgia,
JAOS Journal of the American Oriental Travels Persia, Armenia, Ancient Babylo-
Society nia, etc. ...
Jastrow Dict. M. Jastrow, A Dictionary of the Kh. tablets from Khafadje in the col-
Targumim ... lections of the Oriental Institute,
JBL Journal of Biblical Literature University of Chicago
JCS Journal of Cuneiform Studies Kienast B. Kienast, Die altassyrischen
JDA Journal of Egyptian Archaeology ATHE Texte des Orientalischeni Semi-
JEN Joint Expedition with the Iraq nars der Universittit Heidelberg
Museum at Nuzi und der Sammlung Erlenmeyer
xiii
oi.uchicago.edu
Kienast Ki- B. Kienast, Die altbabylonischen haltung tung im altbabylonischen Lande
surra Briefe und Urkunden aus Kisurra Larsa
King Chron. L.W. King, Chronicles Concerning Krecher J. Krecher, Sumerische Kultlyrik
Early Babylonian Kings ... Kultlyrik
King Early L. W. King, A History of Sumer KT Blanckertz J. Lewy, Die Kiiltepetexte der
History and Akkad: An Account of the Sammlung Blanckertz ...
Early Races of Babylonia ... KT Hahn J. Lewy, Die Kiiltepetexte der
King History L. W. King, A History of Babylon Sammlung Hahn ...
King Hittite L. W. King, Hittite Texts in the KTS J. Lewy, Die altassyrischen Texte
Texts Cuneiform Character in the British vom Kiiltepe bei Kaisarije
Museum KUB Keilschrifturkunden aus Boghazk6i
Kinnier Wilson J. V. Kinnier Wilson, The Nimrud Kuchler Beitr. F. Kuchler, Beitrige zur Kenntnis
Wine Lists Wine Lists (- CTN 1) der assyrisch-babylonischen Me-
Kish tablets excavated at Kish, in the dizin ...
collections of the Ashmolean Kultepe unpublished tablets from Kultepe
Museum, Oxford Kupper Les J.-R. Kupper, Les nomades en
Klauber E. Klauber, Assyrisches Beamten- Nomades M6sopotamie au temps des rois de
Beamtentum tum nach Briefen aus der Sar- Mari
gonidenzeit Labat R. Labat, L'Akkadien de Boghaz-
K1F Kleinasiatische Forschungen L'Akkadien koi
Knudtzon J. A. Knudtzon, Assyrische Gebete Labat R. Labat, Un calendrier babylonien
Gebete an den Sonnengott ... Calendrier des travaux, des signes et des
K6cher BAM F. Kocher, Die babylonisch-assy- mois
rische Medizin in Texten und Labat Suse R. Labat, Textes litt6raires de
Untersuchungen Suse (= MDP 57)
K6cher F. Kocher, Keilschrifttexte zur Labat TDP R. Labat, Trait6 akkadien de dia-
Pflanzen- assyrisch-babylonischen Drogen- gnostics et pronostics m6dicaux
kunde und Pflanzenkunde (= VIO 28) Laessee Bit J. Laessee, Studies on the Assyrian
Kohler u.Peiser J. Kohler, F. E. Peiser, Aus dem Rimki Ritual bit rimki
Rechtsleben babylonischen Rechtsleben Lajard Culte J. B. F. Lajard, Recherches sur le
Konst. tablets excavated at Assur, in the de V6nus culte ... de V6nus
collections of the Archaeological Lambert BWL W. G. Lambert, Babylonian Wis-
Museum of Istanbul dom Literature
Koschaker P. Koschaker, Babylonisch-assy- Lambert Love W. G. Lambert, The Problem of
Biirgschafts- risches Burgschaftsrecht Lyrics the Love Lyrics, in Goedicke and
recht Roberts, eds., Unity and Diversity
Koschaker P. Koschaker, tber einige griechi- Lambert W. G. Lambert, Marduk's Address
Griech. sche Rechtsurkunden aus den ost- Marduk's to the Demons (- AfO 17 310ff.)
Rechtsurk. lichen Randgebieten des Hellenis- Address to the
mus Demons
Koschaker P. Koschaker, Neue keilschriftliche Lambert- W. G. Lambert and A. R. Millard,
NRUA Rechtsurkunden aus der El- Millard Atra-basis: The Babylonian Story
Amarna-Zeit Atra-hasis of the Flood
Kramer AV Kramer Anniversary Volume (= Landsberger B. Landsberger, Brief des Bischofs
AOAT 25) Brief von Esagila an Konig Asarhad-
Kramer S. N. Kramer, Lamentation over don
Lamentation the Destruction of Ur (= AS 12) Landsberger B. Landsberger, The Date Palm
Kramer S. N. Kramer, Sumerian Literary Date Palm and Its By-Products According to
SLTN Texts from Nippur (=AASOR 23) the Cuneiform Sources (= AfO
Kramer Two S. N. Kramer, Two Elegies on a Beiheft 17)
Elegies Pushkin Museum Tablet Landsberger B. Landsberger, Die Fauna des
Kraus AbB F.R. Kraus, Altbabylonische Briefe Fauna alten Mesopotamien ...
Kraus Edikt F. R. Kraus, Ein Edikt des Konigs Landsberger- B. Landsberger and T. Jacobsen,
Ammi-Saduqa von Babylon (= Jacobsen Georgica (in MS.)
Studia et documenta ad iura Georgica
orientis antiqui pertinentia 5) Landsberger B. Landsberger, Der kultische
Kraus Texte F. R. Kraus, Texte zur babyloni- Kult. Kalender der Babylonier und
schen Physiognomatik (= AfO Kalender Assyrer (- LSS 6/1-2)
Beiheft 3) Lang. Language
Kraus Vieh- F, R. Kraus, Staatliche Viehhal- Langdon BL S. Langdon, Babylonian Liturgies
xiv
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Langdon S. Langdon, The Babylonian Epic Limet Sceaux H. Limet, Les legendes des sceaux
Creation of Creation Cassites cassites
Langdon S. Langdon, Babylonian Menolo- Limet Textes H. Limet, Textes Sumeriens de la
Menologies gies ... Sumbriens IIle dynastie d'Ur (= Documents
Langdon SBP S. Langdon, Sumerian and Babylo- du Proche-Orient Ancien des
nian Psalms Musees Royaux d'Art et d'His-
Langdon S. Langdon, Tammuz and Ishtar toire, Epigraphie 1)
Tammuz LKA E. Ebeling, Literarische Keil-
Lanu lexical series alam = lanu schrifttexte aus Assur
Lautner J. G. Lautner, Altbabylonische LKU A. Falkenstein, LiterarischeKeil-
Personenmiete Personenmiete und Erntearbeiter- schrifttexte aus Uruk
vertrge (= Studia et documenta Loretz Chagar O. Loretz, Texte aus Chagar Bazar
ad iura orientis antiqui pertinen- Bazar und Tell Brak (- AOAT 3)
tia 1) Low Flora I. Low, Die Flora der Juden
Layard A. J. Layard, Inscriptions in the LSS Leipziger semitistische Studien
Cuneiform Character ... LTBA Die lexikalischen Tafelserien der
Layard A. H. Layard, Discoveries among Babylonier und Assyrer in den
Discoveries the Ruins of Nineveh and Baby- Berliner Museen
lon Lu lexical series ld = a, pub. Civil,
LB tablet numbers in the de Liagre MSL 12 87-147
Bohl Collection Lugale epic Lugale u melambi nergal,
LBAT Late Babylonian Astronomical and cited from MS. of A. Falkenstein
Related Texts, copied by T. G. Lyon Sar. D. G. Lyon, Keilschrifttexte Sar-
Pinches and J. N. Strassmaier, gon's ...
prepared for publication by A. J. MAD Materials for the Assyrian Dic-
Sachs, with the cooperation of J. tionary
Schaumberger MAH tablets in the collection of the
Leander P. A. Leander, tber die sumeri- Musee d'Art et d'Histoire, Geneva
schen Lehnw6rter im Assyrischen Malku synonym list malku- i arru (Malku I
Le Gac Asn. Y. Le Gac, Les Inscriptions d'As- pub. A.D. Kilmer, JAOS 83 421ff.;
sur-nagir-aplu III Malku II pub. W. von Soden, ZA
Legrain Catal. L. Legrain, Catalogue des cylindres 43 235ff.)
Cugnin orientaux de la collection Louis MAOG Mitteilungen der Altorientalischen
Cugnin Gesellschaft
Legrain TRU L. Legrain, Le temps des rois d'Ur Maqlu G. Meier, Maqlu (- AfO Beiheft 2)
Lehmann- F. F. C. Lehmann-Haupt, ed., Matou L. Matoul, Inscriptions cuneifor-
Haupt CIC Corpus inscriptionum chaldica- Kultepe mes du Kultep6, Vol. 2 (=ICK 2)
rum Mayer Gebets- W. Mayer, Untersuchungen zur
Leichty Izbu E. Leichty, The Omen Series sum- beschworun- Formensprache der babylonischen
ma Izbu (= TCS 4) gen ,,Gebetsbeschworungen" (= Stu-
Lenormant F. Lenormant, Choix de textes dia Pohl: Series Maior 5)
Choix cuneiformes in6dits ou incom- MCS Manchester Cuneiform Studies
pletement publics jusqu'a ce jour MCT O. Neugebauer and A. Sachs,
Levine Stelae L. D. Levine, Two Neo-Assyrian Mathematical Cuneiform Texts
Stelae from Iran MDO G Mitteilungen der Deutschen Orient-
Lidzbarski M. Lidzbarski, Handbuch der nord- Gesellschaft
Handbuch semitischen Epigraphik MDP Memoires de la D6elgation en Perse
Lie Sar. A. G. Lie, The Inscriptions of Meissner BAP B. Meissner, Beitrage zum alt-
Sargon II babylonischen Privatrecht
LIH L. W. King, The Letters and In- Meissner BAW B. Meissner, Beitrage zum assyri-
scriptions of Hammurabi schen Worterbuch (= AS 1 and 4)
Limet H. Limet, L'anthroponymie su- Meissner BuA B.Meissner, Babylonien u. Assyrien
Anthropo- merienne dans les documents Meissner Supp. B. Meissner, Supplement zu den
nymie de la 3e dynastie d'Ur assyrischen Worterbiichern
Limet H. Limet, Etude de documents de Meissner-Rost B. Meissner and P. Rost, Die Bau-
Documents la periode d'Agad6 appartenant Senn. inschriften Sanheribs
a 1'Universite de Liege M1l. Dussaud M6langes syriens offerts a M. Ren4
Limet M6tal H. Limet, Le travail du m6tal au Dussaud
pays de Sumer au temps de la Meloni Saggi Gerardo Meloni, Saggi di filologia
IIIe dynastie d'Ur semitica
XV
oi.uchicago.edu

MEOL Mededelingen en Verhandelingen NPN I. J. Gelb, P. M. Purves, and A. A.
van het Vooraziatisch-Egyptisch MacRae, Nuzi Personal Names
Genootschap "Ex Oriente Lux" (= OIP 57)
Met. Museum tablets in the collections of the NT field numbers of tablets excavated
Metropolitan Museum of Art, N. Y. at Nippur by the Oriental Insti-
MIO Mitteilungen des Instituts fir tute and other institutions
Orientforschung Oberhuber K. Oberhuber, Sumerische und
MJ Museum Journal Florenz akkadische Keilschriftdenkmaler
MKT O. Neugebauer, Mathematische des Archaologischen Museums
Keilschrifttexte zu Florenz
MLC tablets in the collections of the Oberhuber K. Oberhuber, Innsbrucker Keil-
J. Pierpont Morgan Library IKT schrifttexte
MM tablets in the collections of the OBGT OldBabylonianGrammaticalTexts,
Monserrat Museum pub. MSL 4 47-128
Moldenke A. B. Moldenke, Babylonian Con. OB Lu Old Babylonian version of Lu, pub.
tract Tablets in the Metropolitan MSL 12 151-219
Museum of Art OBT Tell S. Dalley, C. B. F. Walker, J. D.
Moore E. W. Moore, Neo-Babylonian Rimah Hawkins, Old Babylonian Texts
Michigan Documents in the University of from Tell Rimah
Coll. Michigan Collection OECT Oxford Editions of Cuneiform Texts
Moran Temple W. L. Moran, Sumero-Akkadian OIC Oriental Institute Communications
Lists Temple Lists (in MS.) OIP Oriental Institute Publications
MRS Mission de Ras Shamra OLZ Orientalistische Literaturzeitung
MSL Materialien zum sumerischen Lexi- Oppenheim L. F. Hartman and A. L. Oppen-
kon; Materials for the Sumerian Beer heim, On Beer and Brewing Tech-
Lexicon niques in Ancient Mesopotamia
MSP J. J. M. de Morgan, Mission ... (= JAOS Supp. 10)
scientifique en Perse Oppenheim A. L. Oppenheim, Glass and Glass-
Mullo Weir C. J. Mullo Weir, A Lexicon of Glass making in Ancient Mesopotamia
Lexicon Accadian Prayers ... Oppenheim L. Oppenheim, Untersuchungen
MVAG Mitteilungen der Vorderasiatisch- Mietrecht zum babylonischen Mietrecht
Aegyptischen Gesellschaft (- WZKM Beiheft 2)
MVN Materiali per il vocabolario neo- Oppert-MBnant J. Oppert et J. M6nant, Documents
sumerico Doc. jur. juridiques de 1'Assyrie
N tablets in the collections of the Or. Orientalia
University Museum of the Univer- Oriental Law Essays on Oriental Laws of Suc-
sity of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia of Succession cession (= Studia et documenta
Nabnitu lexical series SIG7 +ALAM - nabnltu ad iura orientis antiqui pertinen-
NBC tablets in the Babylonian Collec- tia 9)
tion, Yale University Library OT Old Testament
NBGT Neobabylonian Grammatical Texts, Often AV Festschrift Heinrich Otten
pub. MSL 4 129-178 Pallis Akitu S. A. Pallis, The Babylonian Akitu
Nbk. J. N. Strassmaier, Inschriften von Festival
Nabuchodonosor PAPS Proceedings of the American Philo-
Nbn. J. N. Strassmaier, Inschriften von sophical Society
Nabonidus Parpola LAS S. Parpola, Letters of Assyrian
ND field numbers of tablets excavated Scholars (= AOAT 5)
at Nimrud (Kalhu) Parrot A. Parrot, Documents et Monu-
Neugebauer O. Neugebauer, Astronomical Cu- Documents ments (- Mission archdologique
ACT neiform Texts de Mari II, Le palais, tome 3)
Ni tablets excavated at Nippur, in the PBS Publications of the Babylonian
collections of the Archaeological Section, University Museum, Uni-
Museum of Istanbul versity of Pennsylvania
Nies UDT J. B. Nies, Ur Dynasty Tablets PEF Quarterly Statement of the Pal-
Nigga lexical series nigga - makkuru, estine Exploration Fund
pub. Civil, MSL 13 91-124 Peiser F. E. Peiser, Urkunden aus der
Nikolski M. V. Nikolski, Dokumenty kho- Urkunden Zeit der 3. babylonischen Dynastie
ziaistvennol otchetnosti ... Peiser F. E. Peiser, Babylonische Ver-
Nstscher F. N6tscher, Ellil in Sumer und Vertriige trage des Berliner Museums ...
Ellil Akkad PE Q Palestine Exploration Quarterly
xvi
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Perry Sin E. G. Perry, Hymnen und Gebete Ranke PN H. Ranke, Early Babylonian Per-
an Sin sonal Names
Petschow MB H. Petschow, Mittelbabylonische RB Revue biblique
Rechts- Rechts- und Wirtschaftsurkunden REC F.Thureau-Dangin, Recherches sur
urkunden der Hilprecht-Sammlung Jena... l'origine de l'6criture cundiforme
Petschow H. Petschow, Neubabylonisches Recip. Ea lexical series "Reciprocal Ea,"
Pfandrecht Pfandrecht (- ASAW Phil.-Hist. pub. MSL 14 521-532
Kl. 48/1) REg Revue d'gyptologie
Pettinato Un- G. Pettinato, Untersuchungen zur
Reiner Liplur E. Reiner, Lipbur-Litanies (JNES
tersuchungen neusumerischen Landwirtschaft
Litanies 15 129ff.)
Photo. Ass. field photographs of tablets ex-
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Photo. Konst. field photographs of tablets ex- Telloh aus Telloh
cavated at Assur Rencontre Compte rendu de la seconde
Piepkorn Asb. A. C. Piepkorn, Historical Prism Assyriolo- (troisieme) Rencontre Assyriolo-
Inscriptions of Ashurbanipal (= gique gique Internationale
AS 5) Rep. g6ogr. Repertoire geographique des tex-
Pinches T. G. Pinches, The Amherst tes cuneiformes
Amherst Tablets ... RPAS Revue des 6tudes s6mitiques
Pinches T. G. Pinches, The Babylonian ReschidArchiv F. Reschid, Archiv des Nuiriamas
Berens Coll. Tablets of the Berens Collection des Niiramaa und andere Darlehensurkunden
Pinches Peek T.G. Pinches, Inscribed Babylonian aus der altbabylonischen Zeit
Tablets in the possession of Sir RHA Revue hittite et asianique
Henry Peek RHR Revue de l'histoire des religions
Postgate NA J. N. Postgate, Fifty Neo-Assyrian Riftin A. P. Riftin, Staro-Vavilonskie
Leg. Docs. Legal Documents iuridicheskie i administrativnye
Postgate Pal- J. N. Postgate, The Governor's dokumenty v sobraniiakh SSSR
ace Archive Palace Archive (= CTN 2) RLA Reallexikon der Assyriologie
Postgate J.N. Postgate, Neo-Assyrian Royal RLV Reallexikon der Vorgeschichte
Royal Grants Grants and Decrees (= Studia Rm. tablets in the collections of the
Pohl: Series Maior 1) British Museum
Postgate J. N. Postgate, Taxation and ROM tablets in the collections of the
Taxation Conscription in the Assyrian Em- Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto
pire (= Studia Pohl: Series Romer W. H. Ph. Romer, Frauenbriefe
Maior 3) Frauenbriefe iiber Religion, Politik und Pri-
Practical lexical text, pub. B. Landsberger vatleben in Mari (= AOAT 12)
Vocabulary and O. Gurney, AfO 18 328ff. Romer W. H. Ph. Romer, Sumerische
Assur K6nigshymnen 'Konigshymnen' der Isin-Zeit
Pritchard J. B. Pritchard, ed., Ancient Near Rost P. Rost, Die Keilschrifttexte Tig-
ANET Eastern Texts Relating to the Tigl. III lat-Pilesers III ...
Old Testament, 2nd and 3rd ed. RS field numbers of tablets excavated
Proto-Diri see Diri at Ras Shamra
Proto-Ea see Ea; pub. MSL 2 35-94 RSO Rivista degli studi orientali
Proto-Izi lexical series, pub. Civil, MSL 13 RT Recueil de travaux relatifs A la
7-59 philologie et A l'archeologie 6gyp-
Proto-Kagal lexical series, pub. Civil, MSL 13 tiennes et assyriennes
63-88 RTC F. Thureau-Dangin, Recueil de
Proto-Lu lexical series, pub. MSL 12 25-84 tablettes chald6ennes
PRSM Proceedings of the Royal Society Sa lexical series Syllabary A, pub.
of Medicine MSL 3 3-45
PRT E. Klauber, Politisch-religiose S a Voc. lexical series Syllabary A Vocabu.
Texte aus der Sargonidenzeit lary, pub. MSL 3 51-87
PSBA Proceedings of the Society of Sag Bil. lexical series
Biblical Archaeology SAI B. Meissner, Seltene assyrische
R H. C. Rawlinson, The Cuneiform Ideogramme
Inscriptions of Western Asia SAKI F. Thureau-Dangin, Die sumeri-
RA Revue d'assyriologie et d'arch6olo- schen und akkadischen K6nigs-
gie orientale inschriften (- VAB 1)
RAcc. F. Thureau-Dangin, Rituels ac- Salonen A. Salonen, Agricultura mesopo-
cadiens Agricultura tamica (- AASF 149)
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Salonen Fest- Studia Orientalia Armas I. Salonen Shaffer A. Shaffer, Sumerian Sources of
schrift (- StOr 46) Sumerian Tablet XII of the Epic of Gil-
Salonen A. Salonen, Die Fischerei im alten Sources game (unpub. dissertation)
Fischerei Mesopotamien (= AASF 166) SHAW Sitzungsberichte der Heidelberger
Salonen A. Salonen, Die FuBbekleidung der Akademie der Wissenschaften
FuBbekleidung altenMesopotamier (- AASF 157) Shileiko V. K. Shilelko, Dokumenty iz
E. Salonen E. Salonen, Die GruB- und H6f- Dokumenty Giul-tepe
GruBformeln lichkeitsformeln in babylonisch- Si field numbers of tablets excavated
assyrischen Briefen (= StOr 38) at Sippar
Salonen A. Salonen, Die Hausgerate der Silben- lexical series
Hausgerate alten Mesopotamier (- AASF 139 vokabular
and 144) Sjoberg A. Sjoberg, Der Mondgott Nanna-
Salonen A. Salonen, Hippologica Accadica Mondgott Suen in der sumerischen tber-
Hippologica (= AASF 100) lieferung, I. Teil: Texte
Salonen A. Salonen, Die Landfahrzeuge des Sjoberg A. W. Sjoberg and E. Bergmann,
Landfahrzeuge alten Mesopotamien (= AASF 72) Temple The Collection of the Sumerian
Salonen A. Salonen, Die Mobel des alten Hymns Temple Hymns (- TCS 3)
M6bel Mesopotamien (- AASF 127) SL A. Deimel, Sumerisches Lexikon
Salonen Tiren A. Salonen, Die Tiiren des alten SLB Studia ad tabulas cuneiformes col-
Mesopotamien (- AASF 124) lectas a F. M. Th. de Liagre Bohl
E. Salonen E. Salonen, Die Waffen der alten pertinentia
Waffen Mesopotamier (- StOr 33) SLT E. Chiera, Sumerian Lexical Texts
Salonen A. Salonen, Die Wasserfahrzeuge Sm. tablets in the collections of the
Wasser- in Babylonien (- StOr 8) British Museum
fahrzeuge S. A. Smith S. A. Smith, Miscellaneous As-
San Nicolb- M. San Nicol6 and A. Ungnad, Misc. Assyr. syrian Texts of the British
Ungnad NRV Neubabylonische Rechts- und Texts Museum
Verwaltungsurkunden Smith College tablets in the collection of Smith
Saporetti C. Saporetti, Onomastica Medio- College
Onomastica Assira (= Studia Pohl 6) Smith Idrimi S. Smith, The Statue of Idri-mi
SAWW Sitzungsberichte der Akademie der Smith Senn. S. Smith, The First Campaign of
Wissenschaften, Wien Sennacherib ...
Sb lexical series Syllabary B, pub. SMN tablets excavated at Nuzi, in the
MSL 3 96-128 and 132-153 Semitic Museum, Harvard Uni-
SBAW Sitzungsberichte der Bayerischen versity, Cambridge
Akademie der Wissenschaften SOAW Sitzungsberichte der Osterreichi-
SBH G. A. Reisner, Sumerisch-babylo- schen Akademie der Wissen-
nische Hymnen nach Thontafeln schaften
griechischer Zeit von Soden W. von Soden, Grundri der akka-
Scheil Sippar V. Scheil, Une saison de fouilles A GAG dischen Grammatik (= AnOr 33)
Sippar von Soden W. von Soden, Das akkadische
Scheil Tn. II V. Scheil, Annales de Tukulti Syllabar Syllabar (= AnOr 27; 2nd ed. =
Ninip II, roi d'Assyrie 889-884 AnOr 42)
Schneider N. Schneider, Die Gotternamen Sollberger and E. Sollberger and J.-R. Kupper,
Gotternamen von Ur III (- AnOr 19) Kupper In- Inscriptions royales sumbriennes
Schneider N. Schneider, Die Zeitbestimmun- scriptions et akkadiennes
Zeitbestim- gen der Wirtschaftsurkunden von Royales
mungen Ur III (- AnOr 13) Sollberger E. Sollberger, Corpus des inscrip-
Schollmeyer A. Schollmeyer, Sumerisch-babylo- Corpus tions "royales" presargoniques de
nische Hymnen und Gebete an Lagas
Sama Sollberger E. Sollberger, Business and Ad-
Schramm W. Schramm, Einleitung in die Correspond- ministrative Correspondence
Einleitung assyrischen K6nigsinschriften ence under the Kings of Ur (= TCS 1)
Sellin E. Sellin, Tell Ta'annek ... Sommer F. Sommer, Die Ahijava-Ur-
Ta'annek AjiijavA kunden
SEM E. Chiera, Sumerian Epics and Sommer- F. Sommer and A. Falkenstein, Die
Myths Falkenstein hethitisch-akkadische Bilingue
Sem. Semitica Bil. des Hattusili I
Seux M.-J.Seux, Epithates royales akka- Sp. tablets in the collections of the
Epithetes diennes et sumdriennes British Museum
xviii
oi.uchicago.edu
Provisional List of Bibliographical Abbreviations

SPAW Sitzungsberichte der PreuBlischen Studies Studies Presented to A. Leo
Akademie der Wissenschaften Oppenheim Oppenheim
Speleers L. Speleers, Recueil des inscrip- Studies Studies in Old Testament Prophecy
Recueil tions de l'Asie anterieure des Robinson Presented to T. H. Robinson
Muses Royaux du Cinquante- STVC E. Chiera, Sumerian Texts of
naire a Bruxelles Varied Contents
SRT E.Chiera, Sumerian Religious Texts Sultantepe field numbers of tablets excavated
SSB F. X. Kugler, Sternkunde und at Sultantepe
Sterndienst in Babel Sumerological Sumerological Studies in Honor of
SSB Erg. J. Schaumberger, Sternkunde und Studies Thorkild Jacobsen (= AS 20)
Sterndienst in Babel, Erganzun- Jacobsen
gen ... Sumeroloji Ankara tniversitesi Dil ve Tarih-
Arastirmalari Cografya Falkiltesi Sumeroloji
Stamm J. J. Stamm, Die akkadische
arastirmalari, 1940-41
Namengebung Namengebung (= MVAG 44)
8urpu E.Reiner, Surpu (=AfO Beiheft
Starr Nuzi R. F. S. Starr, Nuzi: Report on the
11)
Excavations at Yorgan Tepa near
Symb. Symbolae P. Koschaker dedicatae
Kirkuk, Iraq
Koschaker (= Studia et documenta ad iura
StBoT Studien zu den Bogazkoy-Texten orientis antiqui pertinentia 2)
STC L.W. King, The Seven Tablets Symbolae B6hl Symbolae Biblicae et Mesopotami-
of Creation cae Francisco Mario Theodoro de
Stephens PNC F. J. Stephens, Personal Names Liagre Bohl Dedicatae
from Cuneiform Inscriptions of SZ Zeitschrift der Savigny-Stiftung
Cappadocia Szlechter E. Szlechter, Tablettes juridiques
Stol On Trees M. Stol, On Trees, Mountains, and Tablettes de la Ire Dynastie de Babylone
Millstones in the Ancient Near Szlechter E. Szlechter, Tablettes juridiques
East (= MEOL 21) TJA et administratives de la III e
StOr Studia Orientalia (Helsinki) Dynastie d'Ur et de la Ire Dyna-
Strassmaier J. N. Strassmaier, Alphabetisches stie de Babylone
AV Verzeichnis der assyrischen und T tablets in the collections of the
akkadischen Worter ... Staatliche Museen, Berlin
Strassmaier J. N. Strassmaier, Die babyloni- Tablet Funck one of several tablets in private
Liverpool schen Inschriften im Museum zu possession (mentioned as F. 1, 2, 3,
Liverpool, Actes du 6e Congres Delitzsch HWB xiii), cited from
International des Orientalistes, unpublished copies of Delitzsch
II, Section S6mitique (1) (1885), Tallqvist APN K. Tallqvist, Assyrian Personal
plates after p. 624 Names (- ASSF 43/1)
Strassmaier J. N. Strassmaier, Texte altbabylo- Tallqvist K. Tallqvist, Akkadische G6tter-
Warka nischer Vertriige aus Warka, Ver- Gotter- epitheta (= StOr 7)
handlungen des Fiinften Interna- epitheta
tionalen Orientalisten-Congresses Tallqvist K. Tallqvist, Die assyrische Be-
(1881), Beilage Maqlu schworungsserie Maqlu (= ASSF
Streck Asb. M.Streck,Assurbanipal... (=VAB 7) 20/6)
STT O. R. Gurney, J. J. Finkelstein, and Tallqvist NBN K. Tallqvist, Neubabylonisches
P. Hulin, The Sultantepe Tablets Namenbuch ... (= ASSF 32/2)
Studi Rinaldi Studi sull'Oriente e la Bibbia TCL Textes cuneiformes du Louvre
offerti al P. Giovanni Rinaldi... TCS Texts from Cuneiform Sources
Studia (= Documenta et monumenta Tell Asmar tablets excavated at Tell Asmar, in
Mariana orientis antiqui 4) the collections of the Oriental
Studia Orien- Studia orientalia loanni Pedersen Institute, University of Chicago
talia Pedersen dicata Tell Halaf J. Friedrich et al., Die Inschriften
Studien Heidelberger Studien zum Alten vom Tell Halaf (= AfO Beiheft 6)
Falkenstein Orient, Adam Falkenstein zum Th. tablets in the collections of the
17. September 1966 British Museum
Studies H. Goedicke, ed., Near Eastern Thompson AH R. C. Thompson, The Assyrian
Albright Studies in Honor of William Herbal
Foxwell Albright Thompson R. C. Thompson, On the Chemistry
Studies Studies in Honor of Benno Lands- Chem. of the Ancient Assyrians
Landsberger berger on his Seventy-fifth Thompson R. C. Thompson, A Dictionary of
Birthday (- AS 16) DAB Assyrian Botany
xix
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Thompson R. C. Thompson, A Dictionary of Ungnad NRV A. Ungnad, Neubabylonische
DAC Assyrian Chemistry and Geology Glossar Rechts- und Verwaltungsurkun-
Thompson R. C. Thompson, The Prisms of Es- den. Glossar
Esarh. arhaddon and ofAshurbanipal... Uruanna pharmaceutical series uruanna:
Thompson R. C. Thompson, The Epic of matakal
UVB Vorlaufiger Bericht fiber die ...
Gilg. Gilgamish
Ausgrabungen in Uruk-Warka
Thompson R. C. Thompson, The Reports of (Berlin 1930-)
Rep. the Magicians and Astrologers... VAB Vorderasiatische Bibliothek
Thureau- F. Thureau-Dangin, M. Dunand et VAS Vorderasiatische Schriftdenkmaler
Dangin al., Til-Barsib VAT tablets in the collections of the
Til-Barsib Staatliche Museen, Berlin
TIM Texts in the Iraq Museum VBoT A. Gotze, Verstreute Boghazkoi-
TLB Tabulae Cuneiformes a F. M. Th. Texte
de Liagre Bohl collectae VDI Vestnik Drevnel Istorii
Veenhof Old K. R.Veenhof, Aspects of Old
TMB F. Thureau-Dangin, Textes math6-
Assyrian Assyrian Trade and Its Termi-
matiques babyloniens
Trade nology
Tn.-Epic Tukulti-Ninurta Epic, pub. AAA VIO Ver6ffentlichungen des Instituts
20, pls. 101ff., and Archaeologia79 fur Orientforschung, Berlin
pl. 49; transliteration in Ebeling, Virolleaud C. Virolleaud, Comptabilit6 chal-
MAOG 12/2, column numbers Comptabilit6 d6enne (6poque de la dynastie dite
according to W. G. Lambert, AfO seconde d'Our)
18 38ff. Virolleaud C. Virolleaud, La lgende ph6ni-
Torczyner H. Torczyner, Altbabylonische Danel cienne de Danel
Tempel- Tempelrechnungen ... Virolleaud C. Virolleaud, Fragments de textes
rechnungen Fragments divinatoires assyriens du Mus6e
TSBA Transactions of the Society of Britannique
Biblical Archaeology Voix de A. Finet, ed., La Voix de l'oppo-
TSTS Toronto Semitic Texts and Studies l'opposition sition en Mesopotamie. Colloque
TuL E. Ebeling, Tod und Leben nach organis6 par l'Institut des Hautes
den Vorstellungen der Babylonier l tudes de Belgique 19 et 20 mars
TuM Texte und Materialien der Frau 1973
Professor Hilprecht Collection of VT Vetus Testamentum
Babylonian Antiquities im Eigen- W. field numbers of tablets excavated
tum der Universitat Jena at Warka
Turner S. M. Katre, ed., Sir Ralph Turner Waetzold Tex- H. Waetzold, Untersuchungen zur
Jubilee Vol. Jubilee Volume tilindustrie neusumerischen Textilindustrie
UCP University of California Publica- Walther A. Walther, Das altbabylonische
tions in Semitic Philology Gerichtswesen Gerichtswesen (= LSS 6/4-6)
UE Ur Excavations Ward Seals W. H. Ward, The Seal Cylinders of
UET Ur Excavations, Texts Western Asia
UF Ugarit-Forschungen Warka field numbers of tablets excavated
Ugumu lexical series, pub. MSL 9 51-65 at Warka
Ugumu Bil. lexical series, pub. MSL 9 67-73 Watelin Kish Oxford University Joint Expedition
UM tablets in the collections of the to Mesopotamia, Excavations at
University Museum of the Uni- Kish: III (1925-1927) by L.C.
versity of Pennsylvania, Phila- Watelin
delphia Waterman L. Waterman, Business Documents
UMB University Museum Bulletin Bus. Doc. of the Hammurapi Period (also
Unger Babylon E. Unger, Babylon, die heilige pub. in AJSL 29 and 30)
Stadt ... Weidner E.Weidner, Handbuch der babylo-
Unger Bel- E. Unger, Die Stele des Bel-harran- Handbuch nischen Astronomie
harran-beli- beli-ussur Weidner Tn. E. Weidner, Die Inschriften Tukul-
ussur ti-Ninurtas I. (= AfO Beiheft 12)
Unger Mem. In Memoriam Eckhard Unger. Bei- Weissbach F. H. Weissbach, Babylonische
Vol. trage zu Geschichte, Kultur und Misc. Miscellen (= WVDOG 4)
Religion des Alten Orients Weitemeyer M.Weitemeyer,SomeAspects of the
Unger Relief- E. Unger, Reliefstele Adadniraris Hiring of Workers in the Sippar
stele III. aus Saba'a und Semiramis Region at the Time of Hammurabi
XX
oi.uchicago.edu

Wenger AV Festschrift fir Leopold Wenger, WZJ Wissenschaftliche Zeitschrift der
2. Band, Miinchener Beitrige zur Friedrich - Schiller - Universitat
Papyrusforschung und Antiken Jena
Rechtsgeschichte, 35. Heft WZKM Wiener Zeitschrift fur die Kunde
Westenholz A. Westenholz, Old Sumerian and des Morgenlandes
OSP Old Akkadian Texts in Philadel- YBC tablets in the Babylonian Col-
phia Chiefly from Nippur lection, Yale University Library
Wilcke C. Wilcke, Kollationen zu den su- Ylvisaker S.C.Ylvisaker, Zur babylonischen
Kollationen merischen literarischen Texten Grammatik und assyrischen Grammatik (-
aus Nippur in der Hilprecht- LSS 5/6)
Sammlung Jena (- ASAW 65/4) YOR Yale Oriental Series, Researches
Wilcke C. Wilcke, Das Lugalbandaepos YOS Yale Oriental Series, Babylonian
Lugalbanda Texts
Winckler AOF H. Winckler, Altorientalische For- ZA Zeitschrift fiir Assyriologie
schungen ZAW Zeitschrift fir die alttestamentliche
Winckler H. Winckler, Sammlung von Keil- Wissenschaft
Sammlung schrifttexten ZDMG Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgen-
Winckler Sar. H. Winckler, Die Keilschrifttexte landischen Gesellschaft
Sargons ... ZDPV Zeitschrift des Deutschen Pala-
Winnett AV J. Wevers and D. Redford, eds., stina-Vereins
Studies on the Ancient Palestinian ZE Zeitschrift fur Ethnologie
World (= TSTS 2) Zimmern H. Zimmern, Akkadische Fremd-
Wiseman D.J.Wiseman, The Alalakh Tablets Fremdw. worter ... , 2nd ed.
Alalakh Zimmern H.Zimmern, Itar und Saltu, ein
Wiseman D. J. Wiseman, Chronicles of the Itar und altakkadischesLied (BSGW Phil.-
Chron. ChaldeanKings ... Saltu hist. Kl. 68/1)
Wiseman D.J.Wiseman, The Vassal Treaties Zimmern H. Zimmern, Zum babylonischen
Treaties of Esarhaddon (- Iraq 20 Part 1) Neujahrsfest Neujahrsfest (BSGW Phil.-hist.
WO Die Welt des Orients Kl. 58/3); zweiter Beitrag (ibid.
Woolley Carchemish, Report on the Ex- 70/5)
Carchemish cavations at Djerabis on behalf ZK Zeitschrift fur Keilschriftforschung
of the British Museum ZS Zeitschrift fur Semitistik
WVDOG Wissenschaftliche Veroffentlichun-
gen der Deutschen Orient- Gesell-
schaft
xxi
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ther Abbreviations
abbr. abbreviated, abbreviation Gilg. Gilgame
ace. accusative Gk. Greek
Achaem. Achaemenid gloss. glossary
add. addition(al) GN geographical name
adj. adjective gramnn grammatical (texts)
adm. administrative (texts) group voc. group vocabulary
Adn. Adad-nirari Heb. Hebrew
adv. adverb hemer. hemerology
Akk. Akkadian hist. historical (texts)
Alu Summa lslu Hitt. Hittite
apod. apodosis Hurr. Hurrian
app. appendix IE Indo-European
Aram. Aramaic imp. imperative
Asb. Assurbanipal inc. incantation (texts)
Asn. Ajur-nadir-apli II incl. including
Ass. Assyrian indecl. indeclinable
astrol. astrological (texts) inf. infinitive
astron. astronomical (texts) inscr. inscription
Av. Avestan interj. interjection
Babyl. Babylonian interr. interrogative
bil. bilingual (texts) intrans. intransitive
Bogh. Boghazkeui inv. inventory
bus. business Izbu Summa izbu
Camb. Cambyses lament. lamentation
chem. chemical (texts) LB Late Babylonian
chron. chronicle leg. legal (texts)
col. column let. letter
coll. collation, collated lex. lexical (texts)
comm. commentary (texts) lit. literally, literary (texts)
conj. conjunction log. logogram, logographic
corr. corresponding Ludlul I/udlul bel nemeqi
Cyr. Cyrus 1w. loan word
Dar. Darius MA Middle Assyrian
dat. dative masc. masculine
dem. demonstrative math. mathematical (texts)
denom. denominative MB Middle Babylonian
det. determinative med. medical (texts)
diagn. diagnostic (texts) meteor. meteorology, meteorological
disc. discussion (texts)
DN divine name MN month name
doc. document mng. meaning
dupl. duplicate n. note
EA El-Amarna NA Neo-Assyrian
econ. economic (texts) NB Neo-Babylonian
ed. edition Nbk. Nebuchadnezzar II
ED Early Dynastic Nbn. Nabonidus
Elam. Elamite Ner. Neriglissar
Esarh. Esarhaddon NF Neue Folge
esp. especially nom. nominative
Etana Etana myth NS New Series, Nova Series
etym. etymology, etymological num. numeral
ext. extispicy OA Old Assyrian
fact. factitive OAkk. Old Akkadian
fern. feminine OB Old Babylonian
fig. figure obv. obverse
fragm. fragment(ary) OOC. occurrence, occurs
gen. genitive, general Old Pers. Old Persian
geogr. geographical opp. opposite (of) (to)
xxii
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Other Abbreviations
orig. original(ly) Sem.
Sere. Semitic
p. page Senn. Sennacherib
Palmyr. Palmyrene Shalm. Shalmaneser
part. participle sing. singular
pharm. pharmaceutical (texts) Skt. Sanskrit
phon. phonetic stat. const. status constructus
physiogn. physiognomic (omens) str. strophe
pl. plural, plate Sum. Sumerian
pl. tantum plurale tantum supp. supplement
PN personal name syll. syllabically
prep. preposition syn. synonym(ous)
pres. present Syr. Syriac
Pre-Sar. Pre-Sargonic Tigl. Tiglathpileser
pret. preterit Tn. Tukulti-Ninurta I
pron. pronoun, pronominal trans. transitive
prot. protasis translat. translation
pub. published translit. transliteration
r. reverse Ugar. Ugaritic
redupl. reduplicated, reduplication uncert. uncertain
ref. reference unkn. unknown
rel. religious (texts) unpub. unpublished
rit. ritual (texts) V. verb
RN royal name var. variant
RS Ras Shamra wr. written
s. substantive WSem. West Semitic
Sar. Sargon II x number not transliterated
SB Standard Babylonian x illegible sign in Akk.
Sel. Seleucid x illegible sign in Sum.
XXiii
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oi.uchicago.edu
THE ASSYRIAN DICTIONARY

VOLUME 11
N
PART ONE
na'adu see nddu B s. tion lest they demand the accounts JSOR 11
127 No. 7(!): 22; ammakam ih-da ahhua attunu
na'adu (nahddu) v.; 1. to attend, to be watchful over there! you are my brothers
watch, to pay attention, to do something TCL 20 111:20, cf. ibid. 9; ih-di pay attention
carefully, 2. to be concerned about something, (addressing a woman) TCL 20 116:27; apputs
to be anxious, to be worried, 3. (in the turn i-hi-id-ma awiluttaka ldmur please take
stative) to be a cause for worry, 4. it'udu to care so I can see you act like a gentleman
watch carefully, 5. nu'udu to draw someone's CCT 3 34a:25; i-hi-id-ma suhdric ammakam
attention to something, to alert, to ask icmakkal laibiddu take care that the employees
someone to pay attention, to take care, do not stay there even for one day BIN 4 2:17;
6. II/3 to alert many, 7. III/3 (uncert. ih-da-ma kasapkunu la iruaq watch out that
mng.); from OA, OB on; I i'id - ina'id - your silver is not removed from you TCL 4
na'id, 1/2, 1/3, II, 11/3, III/3; cf. mutta'du, 4:36, cf. i-hi-id-ma la ihalliqanni take care
na'dis, na'du A, najddu, ni'ittu, tahhittu. that (the silver) should not be lost to me BIN
[BAD]i-di-im. a. n = na-a-du, na-ka-du Antagal 6 15:15; i-hi-id-ma subdti damqiitim ina
F 224f. pazzurtim luseribuniSsunuma TCL 4 51:31;
dNuska inim.lugal.la.kex(KID) sag.ke6 a.
mimma babtika ... umma la a-ti-hi-id lu
ba. si.in.na.ak : Nusku amat beliSu it-ta-'i-id-ma
Nusku paid attention to the word of his lord hubulli should I have not attended to your
(Enlil) CT 16 20:120f. outstanding deliveries, let the debt be mine
ta-na-['-id] = [ta-na]-fak-kudl Malku III 129, CCT 2 16a:26.
of. e-[r'-[id]= [...] ibid. 127.
na-'-id // na-qud Hunger Uruk 29 r. 9 (comm. on 2' in hendiadys: i-hi-id-ma [kaspam] sebi
Labat TDP p. 30, see mng. 3a).
it-u-du = [...] (preceded by ha-a-td, see hattu A)
lamma si[btum] la ima'id take care to send
Malku V 158; it-mu-du // e-mu-u (referring to me the silver so that interest does not accrue
it-ta-'-id line 45) JNES 33 332:46 (med. comm.); TCL 4 50:27; i-hi-id-ma kaspam a PN
[... ] I nu-u'--du Hunger Uruk 53:5. Mbilam take care to send me PN's silver
1. to attend, to watch, to pay attention, Contenau Trente Tablettes Cappadociennes 6:24,
to do something carefully - a) in OA - of. i-hi-id-ma annakam sebilam CCT 3 39a:20,
1' in absolute use: [ahi] atta i-hi-id you are i-hi-id sebilam CCT 4 32a:24, i-hi-id-ma
my brother, pay attention (end of letter) kaspam ... sbilam KTS 23:32, also Kienast
BIN 6 256:21, of. TCL 14 21:37, 40:37, kima ATHE 28:33, VAT 9249:21, TCL 4 29:26, TCL
andku kunutam epusu u attunu ih-da just as 19 37:14, TCL 20 129 left edge 1, KTS 9a:14,
I arranged your (affair), you (pl.), too, pay 23, CCT 4 18b:10, 42c:14, and passim in OA;
attention (to me) CCT 3 18a: 30, of. ibid. 19a: 18; e-hi-id-ma SebilSumma take care to send
na-ha-dum ku-a-um it is up to you to watch (the goods) to him KTS 28:28; ih-da-ma
out TCL 20 107:51; emdram iti suz rija kaspam isti panim ibilanim take care to
panimma ula i.[ti] suhrika sa na-ha-dim send me the silver by the first available
piqidma entrust my former employee or one messenger BIN 4 3:13, ih-da-ma kunkama
of your employees who will be careful with sebilanim CCT 4 41b:18, CCT 2 46a:23,
the (bringing of a) donkey BIN 6 16:11; e i- CCT 3 5b:24, CCT 4 40b:13, TCL 4 1:16,
hi-du-ma e usazzizu they must not pay atten- TCL 20 91:54, and passim; i-hi-id-ma kaspam
oi.uchicago.edu
na'adu la na'adu la
... []]akSidam see to it that the silver arrives padociennes 12:5, also CCT 4 31b:9(!); ih-da-ma
here BIN 4 84:15; i-hi-id-ma SamSam epusma PN [sa]btama TCL 4 24:48; ih-da-ma ..
... sbilam BIN 6 30:21, i-hi-id-ma subatam nadperatijaBitammea TCL 4 24:27; ih-da-ma
... sebilam BIN 4 222:11; i-hi-id-ma isSamSi ta'eraniSSunu TCL 4 16:39; ih-da-ma ebbi
tuppi tasammeusupurma take care to give bau take care to clear him (of financial
orders as soon you read my tablet BIN 4 2:10, obligations) KTS 21b:19; apputtum i-hi-id-
cf. ih-da-ma ana mala tuppim sa lim Suprama ma slam CCT 2 17b:18, i-hi-id-ma kaspam
TCL 4 1:24; i-hi-<id>-ma subati ... Supurma ammakam leqe CCT 4 8a:12, cf. BIN 6 43:8;
CCT 4 44b :23; i-hi-id-ma PN turdam be sure i-hi-id-ma annakam ana kaspim ta'erma
to send PN to me Kienast ATHE 45:15, take care to turn the tin into silver CCT 4
also BIN 6 49:24, Jankowska KTK 12 r. 22; 11b: 25; atta u PN ta-na-[hi-da-mal tuhallas
a-na-hi-id-ma kaspam ... uselldsum I will qanidti you and PN will deliberately bring
try my best to have him make a profit BIN us to ruin CCT 2 33:34; i-hi-id-ma tertaka
4 39:21, cf. a-na-hi-id-maakadsadam I will do arhis lillikam see to it that your command
my best to arrive BIN 4 7:25; [a]hi atta i- arrives here quickly TCL 19 3:20, also CCT
hi-id-ma awilam samrisma kaspam sasqilsu 4 3b:21, KT Hahn 12:23, CCT 2 28:16, 45a:14;
please take care to press the man to make summa la ta-hi-id-ma PN arhis la tattardam
him pay the silver CCT 1 30b:11, cf. i-hi-id- if you do not take care to send PN here at
ma kaspam ... Sadqilsu BIN 4 19:20, also once BIN 6 74:31; summa ... la ta-hi-id-ma
TuM 1 4b:16, OIP 27 51:13, BIN 6 172:1, 4, la tatbiamma la tattalkam if you do not see
ih-da-ma kaspam ... daSqila BIN 4 93:4, also to it that you leave and come here KTS
78:19, TCL 4 14:7, 24:38, BIN 6 10:15, CCT 4 42a: 11; summa tadanum ittabSi a-na-hi-id-ma
16c: 32, and passim; ih-da-ma kaspam ... sad: asa'amakkussunu if the sale should take
diasunu Kienast ATHE 47:13; note i-hi-da- place, I will be on the alert and buy them
ma sesia ICK 2 131:42; ih-da-ma SaddinaSu (the houses) for you TCL 14 2:16; a-na-hi-
take care to make him pay ICK 1 14:23, also id-ma ramini uzakkama ... allakam I shall
TCL 4 48:40; umma Mt
kaspam la eriSka take care to make myself free and come
attama i'-id-ma kaspam didsum if he does (to Kanis) TCL 14 17:20; i-hi-id-ma libbi
not ask you for the silver, you be sure to la tulamman watch that you do not bother
give it to him CCT 2 19a:24, of. JSOR 11 114 me TCL 4 18:30; i-hi-id-ma temka lu sab:
No. 5:12, BIN 48:21; PN li-hi-id-ma kaspam takkum take care to make a decision CCT 3
liddinakkumma PN should take care to give 46b: 22.
the silver to you CCT 4 8a: 29; i-hi-id-ma
kaspam pahhirma aqqdti rdbisim piqid care- 3' with ana: summa tara'amanniana awat
fully gather the silver and entrust it to the tuppim i-hi-id-ma libbi la tulamman if you
rabisu TCL 14 21:31; apputtum i-hi-id-ma love me, pay attention to the words of the
alkam please take care to come KTS 34a: 10; tablet and do not make me angry TCL 4
ih-da-ma awatijaiSti PN gammirama see that 18:48, cf. apputtum ana <a>wat tuppim
you finish my case with PN BIN 4 42:27, cf. i-hi-id AAA 1 pl. 26 No. 13B: 4, ahhca attunu
abi atta bell atta i-hi-id-ma awiti isti PN gu- ana awat tuppim ih-da ICK 1 33a:7, also
murma Kienast ATHE 64:5; i-hi-id-magimil: 38a:12, TCL 4 37:26, TCL 20 88:23, Contenau
lam rabiam isserija ukun see that you do me Trente Tablettes Cappadociennes 22:18, A-1i-it
a great favor TCL 19 73:14, also TCL 20 95:26, tuppi isammema ana awat tuppija la i-na-hi-id
i-hi-id-ma gimlanni TCL 19 4:20, also OIP 27 la illakam PN will read my tablet but will
9:22, CCT 4 17a:12; apputtum i-hi-id-ma not pay attention to the words of my tablet
tuppam hirimma CCT 4 14b:23, also TCL 19 and will not come KTS 42a:5; ana awitim
80:7; i-hi-id-ma tuppam . .. leqema KT annitim ih-da pay attention to this case
Hahn 1:23; azzizma a-hi-id-ma ... tuppam TCL 14 46:22, cf. ana awdtija sa bit PN i-hi-id
. . . alqeakkum Contenau Trento Tablettes Cap- Kienast ATHE 30:31; sa kima ana awatika
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na'adu la na'Adu 2a
na-ah-du how he has paid attention to your b) in OB, Mari: ana pagrija nasdrim ahb
problems Contenau Trente Tablettes Cappado- ul anaddi mddis na-'-da-a-ku I do not neglect
ciennes 10:11; apputtum ana tertija i-hi-id taking care of myself, I am very careful
please, pay attention to my instructions ARM 10 142:11; anaawatim anntim la tustah:
BIN 4 98:31, also TCL 4 26:13, TCL 14 4:23, ha madi i-hi-id do not act improperly in this
13:31, 15:23, 48:x+27, TCL 19 26:36, 53:36, affair, be very careful UCP 9 345 No. 20:13,
BIN 6 48:45, Contenau Trente Tablettes Cappado- cf. mdiS i-i-id TIM 2 121:15; e-hi-id issar
ciennes 24:32, ana terti abika i-hi-id-ma KTS la teggi be careful, guard yourself, do not be
ib: 13, attertijaih-da TCL 20 98:32, TCL 4 49:26, negligent Genouillac Kich 2 D 29:11, see RA
and passim; andku ana tertika u tertijakd-hi-id- 53 35, also VAS 16 107:4, ARM 1 40:26; idtin
ma I will attend to your consignments and awilam taklam ... 9a na-a-du-u-ma tataks
mine CCT 2 16a: 16, cf. ana tertika a-na-hi-id kalusum ina GN anapiiat PN sukun appoint
CCT 4 18b:21, cf. also AnOr 6 pl. 7 No. 19:23, in GN as replacement for PN one trustworthy
ana tertika i-na-hi-id CCT 4 31a:42; attertika man who is careful and whom you trust
... la a-na-hi-id JCS 14 7 S.561:36, also TCL ARM 1 9:18; massartum na-ha-du-um u
14 36:33, ana tertija la ta-na-hi-da-ma ukullim la ibbagSi (see massartu mng. 3 a)
CCT 2 20:6, cf. attunu ana tertija ula ta-na- ARM 1 8:14; alpe a tezibusunuti na-a-du-
hi-da ICK 1 14:20; andku annakam ana um-ma i-na-ah-i-du-u-nu-,i-im-mahitam ul
tertikunu na-ah-da-ku here I am always iradil they take very good care of the
attentive to your instructions CCT 3 11:5, cattle you have left, they will suffer no
also ibid. 35, TCL 19 73:13, 42; ana babtim losses TLB 4 94:12; kima Sa ana awdtisu [l]a
Sa PN ih-da watch for PN's outstanding [ta]-na-ah-bi-du that you did not pay at-
deliveries KTS 21a:26, also B6hl Leiden Coll. tention to his affairs TIM 2 19:5; ana PN
2 39 r. 6, cf. ana kaspim Sa PN i-hi-id be [t]a-na-hi-fsul-um BIN 7 28:13; b[e ]ltu[m a
careful with PN's silver TuM 1 2a r. 5, cf. t]a-hi-du isiqga lamdat the Lady who was
TCL 19 14:10; awatijatezibma ana PN u PN 2 watchful is well versed in the exercise of her
ta-ti-hi-id you have neglected my affairs and powers ZA 44 32:14 (OB hymn to Nana); L.
taken care of PN and PN, BIN 6 61:17, ana TUG Sa i-na-ah-hi-da-kum ula ibaSi there is
suhdrika na-ah-dd-ni we are taking care of no (other) fuller who pays attention to you
your employees CCT 3 36a:18; ana alp u UET 6 414:39 (OB lit.), see Iraq 25 184.
senim ih-da take care of the cattle and sheep
c) in later texts: mannu a ittassaru la
CCT 3 8a:34; ana Sitti uttitim ih-di-ma take
irsu biittu aji it-ta-hi-id gillata la ublam who
care of the rest of the barley ibid. 48b:13;
was so on his guard that he did not sin?
ananaSpardtimSa gAp
PN i-hi-id pay attention
Who was so careful that he did not become
to the messages from PN's caravan CCT 2 guilty? AfO 19 57:105f., restoration from
34:35; ana sa tunahhidini a-na-hi-id I shall [1]i-'-id-ma
LB dupl. (courtesy W. G. Lambert);
pay attention to the things about which you mind pakki ilimma nisii la lamda try as one
have instructed me TCL 20 107:46; ana da um
may, mankind cannot know what the will of
midnuka zSebilnikkunni i-hi-id take care of
the god is Lambert BWL 86:264 (Theodicy);
what your creditors sent you CCT 4 49b: 31; ta-na-hi-id-ma Sa muhhi liganika a libbi pika
anaqdtija da bit kdrim ih-da-ma take care of Ja nahirika u qdteka tanassukma you care-
my share which is in the office of the kdru
fully throw out what is on your tongue, in
TCL 4 17:28, cf. ana kdrim i-hi-id watch the
your mouth, your nostrils, and your hands
trading station CCT 4 30a:33; with a(na) mala: Or. NS 39 136 r. 11 (namburbi); ana PN la-'i-
ammalatdrtijaepda ih-da BIN 6 182:10, cf. CCT da I will take care of rPN KAV 198:17 (MA).
2 25:4; ammala napardtijaih-da-ma TCL 20
108:8; with allumi: adumi a PN i-hi-id- 2. to be concerned about something, to be
ma ana bit awilim erubma CCT 2 41a: 17, of. anxious, to be worried - a) with libbu:
ibid. 26a:21, Kionast ATHE 31:41, TCL 4 28:40. assurri mimma temam teSemmema libbaki
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na'adu 2b na'adu 4b
i-na-ah-hi-id ... [tul]mum mimma libbaki hi-id (var. na-i-id) as for the king, there is
[la i-na]-ah-bi-id heaven forbid that, hearing reason to worry ibid. 33 i 17, 39 r. 4, 47:33 (all
some news, your heart become troubled, all OB ext.); note imdt arkassu na-'-da-at (var.
is well, your heart need not be troubled na-da-at) (the sick man) will die, his heritage
ARM 10 123:6 and 9, cf. mimma libbi belija will be in danger (var.: will be abandoned)
la i-na-hi-id ibid. 65:8, also 63:9, CRRA 2 Labat TDP 72:24.
47:18 (Mari let.), of. ARM 1 90:24, 135:23, RA
66 125 A.2728:6 (Mari let.), wr. i-na-ah-hi-id 4. it'udu to watch carefully - a) in
OBT Tell Rimah 12:8, ARM 10 54:7, ARMT 13 absolute use: ki a ... paldau u it-'u-du la
134:20, also libbi madis ih-hi-id my heart usalmidu nisesu like one who has not taught
was very troubled ARM 3 18:6, libbi na-hi- his people reverence and attention (to the
[id] ARM 10 107:8, and passim in Mari; note gods) Lambert BWL 38:18 (Ludlul II); akpud
in 1/3: sulumka upram libbi la it-te-ne-hi-id at-ta-id-ma ana leqg DN ana GN panisu aSkun
write me that you are all right so that I will I considered (it) carefully and I set out to
not keep on worrying UCP 9 329 No. 4:17 bring Marduk back to Babylon 5R 33 ii 1
(OB let.). (Agum-kakrime), cf. ikkud it-ta-'-id-[ma]
JCS 19 122:22; palhis at-ta-'-id-ma ina temiqi
b) other occs.: mimma ul sa na-ha-[d]i-im u utnenni aste'aasriu I was piously solicitous
Sulmum there is nothing to be worried about, and looked for his (Marduk's) sanctuary
(all is) well ARM 6 1:28, cf. kima la na-ha- with fervent prayers VAB 4 280 vii 40 (Nbn.);
di-im Kraus, AbB 5 143:7; ina alija dannaku lut(var. lu-ut)-ta-id-ma gullultu la arasdi
beli la i-na-hi-id I am in control of my city, BMS 11:12, see von Soden, Iraq 31 83; suhmit
my lord should not worry Tell Asmar 1931, it-id pitqad (see hamdtu A mng. 4b) Borger
197 r. 17; mimma ana pagriki la ta-na-hi-di Esarh. 83 r. 26; it-i-id la teggi be careful, do
do not be worried about yourself VAS 16 not be careless (end of an astrol. procedure
22:13, cf. mimma la ta-na-hi-[id] BIN 7 21:10, text) Bab. 4 112:70, see Oppenheim, JNES
cf. also mimma la ta-an-na-hi-id (mistake?) 33 200, cf. it-id Iraq 18 pl. 24 r. 19; bll sa
ibid. 38:16 (all OB). taqba atta kiam [at]-ta-'-idanaku eppus my
lord, I paid attention to what you thus said,
3. (in the stative) to be a cause for worry I will carry it out Gilg. XI 34; Ninurta-it-
- a) said of human beings: na-hi-id he is ta-id (personal name) CT 45 103:21 (OB).
in a dangerous condition Labat TDP 102 i
16, 42, 104 iii 32, 108 iv 10, 128:6, 8, 138 iii 1, 4, b) with object - 1' with dative object:
sinni.tu 9i
etc., wr. na-'-id ibid. 120 ii 40, 30:100, 104, 106;
na-'-da-dt this woman is in a
dangerous condition ibid. 212:3f.
sasuma lit-ta-'-i-da-Su (var. ana sasuma lit-
ta-a-a-da-ds) nisi ahratas En. el. VI 136;
ana DN ... at-ta-'-id-ma I paid attention to
Lugalmaradda (and rebuilt his temple) YOS 1
b) other occs.: murussu na-'-id his 44 i 24, also VAB 4 146 i 43, 184 iii 75 (all Nbk.).
disease is reason to worry Labat TDP 132 i 57;
eqlum 9a tattanallaku na-hi-id ramanka usur 2' with amatu, qibitu, etc., as object:
the terrain which you travel is not safe, take it-ta-'-id-ma qibit beli rabe DN RN ana GN
care of yourself TCL 18 94:7; asgum karrdS iqtabi alaka Shalmaneser paid attention to
num na-ah-da-a-at kasapka ula uterrunikkum the command of the great lord Marduk and
they will not bring your silver back to you gave orders to march to Babylon WO 4
because the road is not safe UET 5 17:8 30 v 4 (Shalm. III); qibit amaS u Adad bele
(OB let.), cf. Kienast Kisurra 177:35', cf. also biri at-ta-'-id-ma mdrtu sit libbija ana enfiti
adSum girrum na-ah-du-4 ... ul uabiladdu aAdima I was obedient to the command of
Frank Strassburger Keilschrifttexte 12 r. 1; na- Sama and Adad, the gods of extispicy, and
ah-da-at it is to be worried about (apod.) appointed my own daughter as en priestess
YOS 10 31 i 11 (OB ext.), cf. ana darrim na- YOS 1 45 i 23, also ibid. 12, parallel it-ta-'-id-
4
oi.uchicago.edu
na'adu 5a na'Adu 5b
ma CT 46 48 ii 13; zikirsunu kabtu it-ta-'-iddd-ma emdri lusdkilu tell my employees that
ma nice mat Assur ... upahhir Borger they should be sure to feed the donkeys
Esarh. 40 i 15, cf. x-ti zikir sumisu
it-i-du Contenau Trente Tablettes Cappadociennes 17:8,
qiblssu [... ] (in broken context) ibid. 32:3; of. KTS 12:40; imakkal la biddam i-na-hi-
amat Sin sar ill iqba at-ta-'-id-ma AnSt 8 su-nu I urged them not to stay there longer
48:12 (Nbn.); [... amass]urabituit-ta-'-id-ma than one day CCT 4 6d:7, also 8; suhdri na-
AfO 22 4 iii 13 (Nbn.); amat Ea lu-ut-ta-'-id u hi-da-ma kaspam ... luadqilu alert my
sarratu Damkina lustesir BMS 12:89, see Ebe- employees to collect the silver Kienast ATHE
ling Handerhebung 82; RN amat Enlil beli 66:18; PN na-hi-id-ma babti luzakkiam urge
it-ta-'-id PBS 13 69:15 (MB let.); amat DN u PN to free my assets of claims VAT 9224:36.
DN2 ... it-ta-'-id sa iqbusu epes sarrutija
(Esarhaddon) paid attention to the command b) in OB, Mari - 1' in gen. : andku PN
of A§ur and Belet-ili whereby they had u-na-ah-hi-id umma andkuma I instructed
commanded him to make me king Streck PN as follows ARM 6 20:20, also YOS 2 128:6,
Asb. 2 i 9. ABIM 21:35, VAS 16 130:27, 199:4, TCL 1
34:13, CT 29 8a:7, UET 5 1:4, PN U-na-ah-hi-da-
5. nu'udu to draw someone's attention
an-ni CT 6 27a:11, and passim in OB letters;
to something, to alert, to ask someone to pay
inima tns$ marsatama pija ul epusakkum ul
attention, to take care - a) in OA - 1' in
u-na-i-da-ka when you left you were sick, so I
gen.: ana sa ti-na-hi-di-ni a-na-hi-id I shall
could not speak to you and could not give
pay attention to the things which you have
you instructions Kraus AbB 1 8:10; PN a au
enjoined me to pay attention to TCL 20
PN2, -na-<<na>-ah-i-ididpurdunuiim PN sent
107:45; ammala awdtim sa z-na-hi-fdul-ka-ni
his brother PN2 to them with instructions
ammakam ana PN atwu concerning the
CT 4 2 r. 22, and passim in OB letters; note:
affairs about which I alerted you, speak to
adsum PN sa ana damallutim tu-na-'-i-da-an-
PN over there BIN 6 9:15, cf. assumi sa PN
u mera' PN2, a A-na-hi-du-k[a] tertaka lillikam ni aqbisumma annam itaplanni as for PN,
to whom you drew my attention to employ
Kienast ATHE 45:25, cf. also ibid. 31:34; am:
him as an apprentice, I spoke to him and he
mala ti-na-hi-di-ni PN irresija izzaz as for
answered me yes CT 33 21:15; assum wardim
what you have instructed me to do, PN
sa 4-na-i-du-ki Kraus AbB 1 39:6, also 82:8;
will help me CCT 3 15:34; PN PN2 u PN3
ana 30 oUR DUIv.UD.Dn iibulim u-na-'-i-id-ka
na-hi-id-ma give instructions to PN, PN2 and
I had alerted you to send thirty gur of dry
PN3 (as follows) CCT 4 6a:5, cf. TCL 14 13:22,
bran ibid. 118:6; kima sa beli -na-ahb-i-
KTS 10:38, and passim in OA; ina GN a-na-
da-an-ni as my lord has instructed me
hi-id-ka umma andkuma TCL 20 101:4, also
ARM 3 17:26, 45:16, and passim; beli ana 9a
CCT 2 16a:4, Contenau Trente Tablettes Cappado-
dipdrim li-na-ah-hi-id let my lord give
ciennes 24:5, cf. TuM 1 3b:6, BIN 6 6:8; adi
instructions concerning the torch (signals)
sa ammakam tu-na-hi-di-ni TCL 19 15:3;
RA 35 184a:15 (Mari let.); u-na-ah-hi-id-ka-ma
annakamma abiZ -na-hi-id-ka umma stma
tallik temka ul taspuram I gave you instruc-
here my father instructed you as follows
tions and you left, but you did not send your
HUCA 39 30 L 29-573:4; ana mala sa ti-na-
report TCL 18 124:10; 6E.GI .i sa leqeki PN
hi-di-ni andkuma awatam addasum na-hi-
madis nu-i-di-i-u draw PN's attention
da-[ni] I myself will answer him in court
especially to the linseed which you are to
according to your instructions, (so) give me
take OECT 3 63:15, see Kraus, AbB 4 141;
your instructions TCL 4 3:32 and 34.
asum suluppi a PN PN, nu-uh-hu-ud con-
2' followed by an object clause: PN 'u cerning the dates of PN, PN, has been alerted
amtam rabitam alar bitim na-hi-da-ma kunuks VAS 16 145:14; ana kurummatiina nu-4u-
ki a ekallim u durinni lutasiru (see asru A hi-di-ma zimWdina la inakkiru give instruc-
mng. 2d-1') CCT 3 14:25; suhdrija na-bti- tions concerning their food rations so that
oi.uchicago.edu
na'adu 5c *na'Amu
they will not look haggard ARM 10 126:20, 7. III/3 (uncert. mng.) - a) in OA:
cf. ibid. 136:7; nu-uh-hi-id-ma ina mdri Slim annakam Sa'ilatim bari'itim u etemmi nu
isten awilam ana kirhim ana erebim la inad. Sa'alma ASSur us-ta-na-ad-kakaspam tara'am
dinu give orders that they should not allow napaStaka taziar here we ask the dream
a single inhabitant of the village to enter the interpreters, the diviners, and the spirits of
citadel RA 66 123 A.315:24 (Mari let.); da the dead, and ASiur .... you, you love
i-na-ah-hi-du-ka ... la tamaggi do not forget money, but you disregard your own life
(the locusts) about which I commissioned you TCL 4 5:7; AsSur u ASSuritum us-ta-na--
CT 29 llb:8, also ibid. lla:8, of. TCL 17 37:10; du-ka umma sunuma lamnatim ina libbiSu
PN PA MAR.TU ut-ta-ah-hi-da-ak-kum I have etawu A§§ur and ABsuritu repeatedly ....
instructed PN, the PA MAR.TU official, con- you, saying: He speaks evil in his heart
cerning you TCL 17 71:9. TCL 20 93:18, cf. ASsur uS-ta-na-ad-ka BIN 6
179:20, and see Hirsch Untersuchungen 14.
2' with a clause as object: adsum sehhes
riitija itaplusim u-na-ah-hi-id-ka I have b) other occs.: aki bel dame idaggalanni
alerted you to supervise my servants Kraus [... ] ittalak us-sa-ta-'i-da-ni he looks on me
AbB 1 102:3; agmum 2 azamilldtim ina bob like a murderer [...] he went away and
mahirim dmimma leqgm -na-hi-i-i-id-ka I .... me ABL 211:19 (NA); 4-sa-na-'a-da
told you to be sure to buy two sacks at the (in broken context) KAV 97 r. 4 (MA); [m]dr
market gate to take with you ibid. 60:16; mdtisu ul-ta-ta-i-id-ma [...] AfO 12 51 b 7
PN nu-hi-id-ma ana bitim la igg4 warn PN (MA laws).
that they should not be negligent with the For us-id, etc., see Su'udu. For OA refs. to
house TIM 2 77:19, also ibid. 15, cf., wr. Sahhutu (not to be taken as causatives to
nu-i-id-ma TLB 4 37:20, PN nu-hi-di-im-ma na'ddu) see Sahdtu.
la tuhharim bitam inassar AbB 5 10 r. 8.
von Soden, ZA 50 175f.
c) other occs.: undu RN gar Mitanni itti na'idu see nddu v.
arri rabi gar Hatti qarrddu -na-'-ad ... gar
Hatti itti RN gar Mitanni at-ta-'-ad when na'ilu v.; to water, to make wet; SB;
Tuhratta, king of Mitanni, .... with the I ina'il - nil; cf. na'ilu, mnlu s.
great king of Hatti, the hero, I, the king of giS.e.gi.ab.hi.ir = i-s--um na-yi-il Proto-
Hatti, .... with TuBratta, king of Mitanni Kagal Bil. Section E 62, possibly to be emended to
KBo 1 1:3f. (treaty); 4-na-i-du (in broken na-hi-ir, see i.u mng. la.
context) Gilg. Y. i 42 (OB); rarrukin ums a) to water: DN na-i-lu ereni Kubu, who
matam(?)u-na-h[a]-ad RA 45 176:120 (OB lit.);
waters(?) the cedar JNES 15 144:11 (lipur-
8ale qa ti unu u-na-'-i-du-i[n-ni] (the Elam-
lit.).
ite princes) showed off their archery to me
Bauer Asb. 2 88 r. 14. b) to make wet: [... ] ikilu i-na-i-lu indja
[my face] is gloomy, they made my eyes
6. 11/3 to alert many: kima nadparti brim (with tears?) Lambert BWL 42:60 (Lud-
bilija ana LU.MES a bazahdtim danndtim lul II).
agkun u dlidam sugdgi u laputte ut-ta-hi-id
In AfO 14 305:13 read probably [libbalu
in accordance with the message of my lord,
.a]-pi(?)-il-ma ibakki.
I gave strict orders to the police and alerted
the sheikhs and the officials in all the cities *na'imu v.; (mng. uncert.); SB.*
ARM 2 103:13; L .ME§ Sidu idtu mdtiti
ipattarunim [u u]t-ta-na-ab-i-du-nimanamuhs Gf is be-eh-rum ina-im-ma ummdn nakri
hija the Siidu-people leave the (surrounding?) ika.dad (see beru B s. disc. section) ACh
countries and .... against me EA 169:31 Supp. 2 Sin 23:25.
(let. of a son of Aziru). von Soden, Or. NS 24 390.
6
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na'apu na'aru
na'Apu v.; to wither, to dry up, dry out; ... alputma qadum gi-me-ra-ti-ia an-ha-ri-
OB, SB, NA; I i'up - ina'up, 1/3, 11/2; ir-ma ARM 10 178:15; aSar tukki nakrim
cf. na'pu, ni'pu. Sdti idsemmi an-ha-ra-ar wherever rumors
of this enemy may be heard, I will come to
a) na'dpu: Suriika libalu kisittaka li-'-up
help RA 35 181 b 17; ana DUMU.ME§ Simda
may your roots dry up, your trunk wither
u Jamin Supurma li-in-ha-ri-ru-ni-kum write
CT 23 10:13 (SB inc.), cf. (in 1/3) Sursuu
to the nomads in the north and south (and
li-ta-'u-pu kisittasu libal may his roots all
ask) that they come to your aid ARM 1 60:10;
wither away, may his trunk dry up ibid. 18;
en-ni-ri-ru // na-az-a-qu ina 50 narkabdti ana
se'u ina-um-<ma> the barley will dry up
muhhija they came to me to help (gloss:
ACh Sin 33:82; erset mdti i-na-'-up se'u iqqir
WSem. niz'aqu they were assembled) with
the soil of the land will dry up, barley will
fifty chariots EA 366:24, cf. [in-n]i-ri-ira=
become expensive ACh Supp. 2 32:26; uncert.:
ndku istu GN I came from GN to help EA
I had a cart built 1 GIS.IGI.MAR.GID.DA
62:13, 21, also, wr. en-ni-ri-ir EA 371:25,
na-ah-pa-at-ma rNAGARJ.MES u-Ba-i-bu-si-i
en-ni-ri-ir he came to help EA 256:21, in-
one hub(?) of the cart was dried out(?), and
ni-ri-ri (in broken context) EA 173:3.
the carpenters .... -ed it (send me one hub)
IM 67162:6 (courtesy H. al-Adhami). b) other occs.: adSum qadum gsbim a[na]
b) 11/2: summa gusure bit ameli ut-ta-a-pu mehrim da pi ndrdtim na-ha-ar-ru-ri-im...
if the beams of a man's house dry out CT 40 tattalkam because you came with workmen
3:64 (SB Alu). to help out at the dam at the mouth of the
canals Genouillac Kich 2 D 12 r. 2, see RA 53 29;
In the line ul-me(!)-e qablisu MAN ba-a-a-ri ninu kima dlisamma ina eburim ana abini i
ut-ta-'i-pu kal maliki the lances(?) of his ni-ih-ha-ri-ir (see alisam) Sumer 14 65 No.
battle .... knocked down all foreign rulers 39:20 (OB Harmal); [ana e]rretim sa Habur
LKA 64:6 (NA lit.), utta'ipu seems to rep- [a]n-ha-ri-ir I went to help (with the work)
resent udda'ipu from da'dpu. on the reed dam on the Habur River ARM
Landsberger, MSL 1 111. 3 2:13, cf. RA 61 103:14;
in-ha-ri-ir-ma (in
broken context) ARM 2 26 r. 1'.
na'arruru v.; to come to aid, to help;
OB, Mari, EA; IV in'arrir (i'arrir) - The form li-ih-ha-ru-main naggdru maldhu
in'arrar, IV/2; cf. mu'arriru, ndrdru, u atkuppui a mdtim sa taSapparu li-ih-ha-ru-
nardritu. ma MA.i.DUB lipuSu let the carpenters,
boatmen, and reedworkers from the country,
a) in military context: Turukkid ... who are under your responsibility, make
ikkiruma 2 aldni igmuru a[n]-ha-ri-ir-ma haste(?) and build a cargo boat LIH 8 r. 9
[ana] libbi sadi irubu the Turukku-people is possibly a metathesis for li-ra-hu-ma (see
became hostile and destroyed two villages, arshu A), rather than a form of na'arruru.
I went to the aid (of the attacked), and they
Soden, Or. NS 20 258f.
von
retreated to the mountains ARM 4 25:13;
summa nakrum ana serija panam iStaknam na'aru v.; to roar; SB; I (only inf. and
sdbuka li-in-ha-ar-ra-am if the enemy turns stative attested), II, II/2; cf. nd'iru.
against me, let your troops come to my aid
na-'-a-ru [...]= x [...] RA 17 130 K.2907:37
ARM 2 72:16, cf. summa nakrum ana ser[ika] (astrol. comm., = ACh Igtar 7:71).
panam iStaknam [sa]bi in-ha-ra-ar-ra-ak-kum
tu-na-'-dr 5R 45 K.253 ii 49 (gramm.).
if the enemy turns against you, my troops
will come to your aid ibid. 14; PN iSpuramma nu-'--rat (var. na-'-[a-rat])kima ndEi she
qadum sabim ana dlim at-ta-a-r[a]-am PN (Lamaitu) is roaring like a lion 4R 58 iii 41,
sent me a message, and I came to the village var. from PBS 1/2 113 iii 26 (LamaStu II);
with troops to help ARM 4 26:31, cf. sdbam mu-na-'-ir (vars. mu-na-ir, [mu]-na-'i-ru,
oi.uchicago.edu
na'asu nabaku
mu-ma-a-ir) kibrati (Pazuzu) who roars nababtu s.; (mng. unkn.); syn. list.*
through the whole world AfO 17 358:16; e-du-u = KxuR na-bab-ti (between daqqu - gihru
igsus kima iimu ... ut-ta-'-dr ki labbi he and mihru = naru) LTBA 2 2:297.
(Anzf) was raging like an timu demon, he Reading uncertain.
was roaring like a lion CT 46 38:38, see RA 48
147, of. ut-ta-'-aritti Anzi rigimSu STT 19:52 nababu v.; to pipe; OB(?), SB.*
and 21:52 (both SB Epic of Zu). sipa.bi gi ir.ra mu.ni.ib.[be(?)] :
[re']diu ina qan bikiti ina-bu-[ub(?)] its (the
na'asu v.; to chew; SB; I i'is - ina'is, II. destroyed temple's) shepherd pipes on the
ga-az GAZ = na-HA-sou-m MSL 2 140:10' reed used for lamentation 4R 11:27 f.
(Proto-Ea). Restoration of the last sign is uncertain;
tu-na-'-a 5R 45 K.253 ii 60 (gramm.). if the verb is nababu, it may be connected
a) na'dsu: ernana a pidu i-na-'-is (the with embuib. For reading na-ba-ba-amrather
diviner) chews cedarwood in his mouth than dabdbamin Atra-hasis I 165, see von Soden,
ZA 68 78 ad line 39.
BBR No. 75:16, of. tI.ME sdiu dgipi ina-is-
ma Or. NS 36 34:14, also rt.GIS1.SAR kalaunu nabadis see napddis.
... [x x] SUII MA§.MAS i-na-'-is Or. NS 40
154:12; the king bina ina m ina-is-ma nabadu (AHw. 694a) see namaddu A.
CT 4 6 r. 6 (rit.), cf. oI§.[x] i-na-is Kuchler nabau v.; to bark; SB, NB; I ibbu --
Beitr. pl. 1i 35; various herbs ina pisu i-na-'-is inabbuh, 1/3, II.
ibid. pl. 9 ii 58, of. Or. NS 36 280 r. 7 (namburbi);
bina ina-is-ma el he chews tamarisk wood a) nabahu: summa kalbu ana pan ameli
and is purified CT 39 38 r. 9, also (with kaks zeSu izzima im-bu-uh if a dog voids its
<ku>su igari) ibid. (SB Alu); haStiir-api li-'-is excrement in front of a man and barks
Boissier DA 42:3, cf. ibid. 4. CT 38 50:56; [summa kalbu ... ] i-na-bu-uh
CT 39 2:98 (both SB Alu); (a demon) luna
b) II: ernana a pisu 4-na-['-as] (var. kima kalbi i-nab(var. nam)-bu- u l sa kima
i-na-'-is) (the diviner) chews cedarwood sahi inamzuzu be it one who barks like a dog
BBR No. 11 iii 7. or one who squeals like a pig AfO 14 146:104
(bit meiri).
na')au see ndau.
b) 1/3: 4umma kalbi isegdma ina siiqi
it-ta-na-bu-h[u] if dogs become rabid and
na'atu v.; (mng. uncert.); MB, SB;
bark incessantly in the street CT 38 49:15
I i'iA - ina'iS, II; cf. ni'gu.
(SB Alu).
Sa pana ma'da i-ni-'-i-Su inanna ul i'-i-is c) II: summa kalbatu ina bdabni d-nam-
she who formerly used to .... much, did ba-ha (var. 4-nab-ba-hu) Boissier DA 105:40,
not .... now BE 17 47:18 and 20 (MB let.), KAR 394 ii 16, var. from CT 41 32 r. 6, cf.
cf. ina bardri<ti> ki i'-i-Su when she ... .- ed u-nab-ba-hu (in broken context) CT 38 49:27,
in the early night ibid. 4; [summa uS]tandh cf. also CT 39 2:100 (all SB Alu); kalbu a
u i-na-is imat Labat TDP 184 r. 23; summa pahhari ina libbi uttini ki irubu ana libbi
ina pan NA-4 4-na-'-as if he .... before pahhdri 4-nam-bah the potter's dog, once
lying down ibid. 166:88; summa fR.ME u in the kiln, barks at the potter (proverb)
u-na-'-as if he weeps constantly and .... ABL 403:7 (NB).
ibid. 89.
nabaku v.; to bring, to usher in; OB.*
The occs. refer to the symptoms of a sick
person. Enki li-ib-bi-ku-nim ana m[ahrik]a ...
Enki ib-bi-ku-nim ana ma[Bri]u let them
na')iu see n&du v. bring Enki into your (Enlil's) presence -
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*nabali nabalkattu
they brought Enki into his presence Lambert- ld.bal = ~a na-ba-al-ka-tim OB Lu A 405;
Millard Atra-hasis 48:98 and 100; Belet-ili li-ib- lu.nig.bal.bal = a na-ba-al-GA-tim ibid. 122;
gdu. G.SAR (var. kun.kir) = pirsu, na-bal-kdt-tu
bu-ku-nim liseribunisSi ana mahrija Belet-ili Hh. II 298f.
ib-bu-ku-sum-ma (see abaku A mng. 2a) ki.bal.a kala.ga : na-bal-kdt-tum dan-na-tum
CT 15 3:10f. K.2241+ r. 7 and 9 (bil. astrol. omens).
[di]-im-tum, [x x] du-ri = na-bal-kat-td Malku
In spite of the different stem vowel (for III 34f.; [B]AL = na-bal-kdt-tum Izbu Comm.
similar though different cases see Kienast, W 376n; na-bal-kdt-tum [...] Meissner Supp.
Studien Falkenstein 71f.), both refs. belong to pl. 20 Rm. 131:16 (comm.).
the same verb, which in view of its meaning 1. crossing, scaling, burglary - a)
seems to be a by-form of abaku. crossing: ana na-ba-al-ka-at-ti sadim ittalku
*nabali§ (ndpalis) adv.; like dry land; they went to cross the mountain Bottero Lc
SB; cf. abdlu B. probleme des Habiru 22 No. 27 : 12 (Mari let.); elips
pdti uitebelkitma utesbit u na-ba-al-ka-at-tum
Idiglat Puratta ina mil kissati ... na-pa- [x x] I brought the boats to the other side
lis usetiq I had (my troops) cross the Tigris and made them fast, but the crossing [... ]
and Euphrates at (the time of) the highest BE 17 49:5 (MB let.).
flood as if it were dry land Winckler Sar.
pl. 44 D 37. b) scaling (a wall), burglary: summa
awilum ... u lu ina pilsim u lu ina na-ba-al-
nabalkattanu s.; 1. rebel, 2. violator ka-at-tim mimmi~u itti mimme bel bitim
(of a contract); SB, NB; cf. nabalkutu v. ihtaliq if a man's (deposited) property is
lost, together with property of the owner of
1. rebel: PN badrnduna-bal-kat-ta(var.adds
a house, either (by a robbery) by means of
-a)-nu alak ummanateja iSmema ana mat
breaking through or by climbing over (a wall)
Elamti selabis innabit PN, the seditious rebel,
CH § 125:71f., also (in broken context) § H 18,
heard of the coming of my troops and fled to
in Driver and Miles Babylonian Laws 2 38;
Elam like a fox Borger Esarh. 47 ii 54.
ina bitim Sa na-ba-al-ka-tam iM awilam
2. violator (of a contract): na-bal-k6t-ta-nu taklma you detained a man in the house
1 mana kaspu pes inandin he who violates which was burglarized Kraus AbB 1 47:5
(the contract) pays one mina of white silver (OB let.).
Dar. 273:17, also Dar. 163:15, 499:12, BE 9 10:19,
Camb. 97:11, VAS 5 55:14, TuM 2-3 7:18, 209:14, 2. ladder, ramp - a) as siege instrument:
TCL 13 187:9, and passim in NB contracts, (with I conquered the city ina pilsi u na-bal-kdt-ti
iturru) VAS 5 10:14, 15:8, 17:16, (with uallam) with mines and ladders OIP 2 83:45 (Senn.);
Nbn. 1030:10, wr. na-bal-kdt-ta-an-ni BRM 1 GN ina midil eme ina pildi niksi na-bal-kdt-ti
82:10, note, wr. nab-bal-kdt-nu Dar. 378:9, alme aksud I besieged and conquered
na-bal-<kdt>-ta-a-an VAS 6 173:18. Memphis within half a day by means of
mines, breaches and ladders Borger Esarh.
nabalkattu s.; 1. crossing, scaling, 99 r. 42, cf. ina simmilti ina kalbandti ina
burglary, 2. ladder, ramp, 3. retreat, nikis duri ina na-bal-kdt-ti IM 67692:56 (ta-
4. change of mood, 5. revolt, 6. part of a mitu, courtesy W. G. Lambert); see also Malkt
field left fallow, 7. excess, 8. revolution of III 34f., in lex. section.
a planet; from OA, OB on; pl. nabalkatatu,
NB nabalkattanu; wr. syll. and KI.BAL, BAL; b) other occs.: 3 kire ina qabalti dli u 4
cf. nabalkutu v. ana na-bal-kat-ti a duri three orchards
inside the city and four toward the ramp of
ki.bal - na-bal-kdt-tum Nabnitu XXII 226f.;
the wall AnOr 92:61; 4000 agurru ... ina
[gis.az].bal = na-bal-kit-ti Hh. VI 202; ki.bal
.= xKR na-bal-kdt-ti (vars. nab-bal-kdt-tum, Ju-bal- bit makkEcri Sa Eanna ina muhJhi na-bal-kat-ti
ku-te) Hh. II 303. ga abulli ... ana PN ... inandinu they will
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nabalkattu nabalkutu
deliver four thousand bricks to PN in the ribu ana na-bal-kat-ti an earthquake predicts
depot of Eanna at the ramp of the city gate revolution Thompson Rep. 266A r. 1; amat
BIN 1 126:8 (both NB); note na-ba-al-ka-at-ka lemutti §a sihi barti na-bal-k[at-ti] ana RN ...
dunnin igtu bitika ibbalakkatunim (see nabal idabbub will he plot defection, uprising, or
kutu v. mng. la) CH § H 8, in Driver and revolution against RN? Knudtzon Gebete 115:6,
Miles Babylonian Laws 2 36. cf. mannu sa abutu la de'iqtu [la] tabtu u na-
bal-kdt-tu [ina muhhi] Assur-ban-apli ...
3. retreat: Sa kagsdpija u kagadptija [...] teppasani (text of the adi oath) ABL
na-bal-kat-ta-4s-nu likunuma may [the 1239:13 (NA); [na]-bal-kdt-ti Sa Tarqd revolt
gods] bring about the flight of my sorcerer of Tirhaka Knudtzon Gebete 68:12; obscure:
and my sorceress Maqlu III 72, cf. AfO 8 25 alki na-bal-kat-tum umri na-bal-kat-tum go,
v 13; [...] na-bal-kat-ta-ui isakkanu they n.! rage, n.! Maqlu V 23.
will bring about his retreat AOAT 1 134:36
(astrol.); saltu ana libbi mat Assur epugma 6. part of a field left fallow (NB): Nabo-
BAL-tum mat A sur GAR-an he (the king of nidus gave them 6000 GUR SE.NUMUN adi
Elam) fought against Assyria and brought na-bal-kdt-t4 sa ina satti misil SE.NUMUN
about the retreat of Assyria CT 34 49 iii 18, upaSSaba six thousand gur of land, including
dupl. 45 iii 18, also 47 i 35 (Bab. Chron.); nap= the part left fallow, of which they will let
tartu u KI.BAL 8a ummdn nakri K. 2608+ : 24 half rest every year AfK 2 108:8, dupl. YOS 6
(tamtu, courtesy W. G. Lambert); na-bal-kdt-ti 11:8; eqlu ana na-bal-kdt-ta-ni irrisu they
ki abbal[kitu] ... sisai ki i liqu ABL 1342:15 will cultivate the field, leaving alternate
(NB let.). parts fallow BRM 1 83:7; ana x SE.NUMUN
bit dullu sa ina libbisa ina Satti x (= one third)
4. change of mood: la tatanammea kima
SE.NIMUN adi 3 Sanati ana na-bal-kdt-tum
awilum na-ba-al-ka-tim mal'u kiam iddan
innerrisu YOS 6 40:7.
kiam ettir have you not heard repeatedly
that (this) man has changes of mood, at 7. excess: na-bal-kat-tum sa 20 sandti
times he gives, at others he takes away? the excess which accumulates over twenty
KT Hahn 14:37 (OA); ina pussusim ina kasap
years Neugebauer ACT 816 r. 3, 7 (planetary pro-
tamkarim na-ba-al-ka-ta-ti-im ala§ abbalkit cedure text); uncert.: the governor must not
I have changed my mind(?) three times about say istu mahr nadid 1 US na-bal-kt-ta attadi
.... the merchant's silver BIN 7 45:10 (OB ever since the first (reeds) were laid down,
let.).
I would have laid down one uv in excess(?)
5. revolt: kakki bartim(!) na-ba-al-ka-ti (of the quantity needed) BE 17 46:14 (MB let.).
Slim a "weapon-mark" (indicating) riots,
revolt in the city YOS 10 15:4 (OB ext.); ina 8. revolution of a planet: summa na-bal-
KI.BAL //ina bar-ti issabbat he will be arrested kat-tum lu-mu-ur [...] 7 13 14 21 46 MU.MES
during a revolt, variant: a riot BRM 4 23 r. 25; na-bal-kat-tum a Dilbat 8 MU.ME§ tuStabbal
ina GN KI.BAL-tum ibassima ahu ahadu iddk [. . .] TCL 6 20 r. 13f., see Hunger, ZA 66 239;
there will be a revolution in GN, brother will summa 1-et BAL-tu 4 mahritu JCS 21 201:23
kill brother ACh Istar 20:92, dupl. TCL 6 and 25, also ina BAL-tu 4 2-tun ibid. 24 (astron.);
16 r. 46, of. SAL.KR KI.MIN KI.BAL ina mdti see also Neugebauer ACT index 470 s. v. bal.
GAR-ma ahu aha iddk KI.MIN bartu ina ekalli Ad mng. 6: Ehrenkranz, Beitrige zur Geschichte
ibadsi KI BAL (= mat nukurti) inakkir ACh der Bodenpacht in neubabylonischer Zeit p. 12.
§amal 2:20f., cf. also, wr. BAL-tum CT 40
38 K.2992 :24; BAL-t (complete apod.) KAR nabalkutu adj.; exceeding, reversed, awry;
153 r.(!) 2 (SB ext.); na-bal-kdt-td da[n-na-tu OB, SB; of. nabalkutu v.
ina KUR GAL] K.3094 ii 20, restored from zu.bal.bal - li-in-nu na-ba.al-ku-tu Kagal D
K.3579: 11, see also K.2241+, in lex. section; Section 6:12'.
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nabalkutu nabalkutu
a) exceeding: write to PN 2 UDU.NITA balkat HSS 13 24:6, 14 531:6); wr. syll. and
MIT.3.KAM na-ba-al-ku-tu-ti lilqgnikkumma BAL (in Nuzi often KI.BAL) ; cf. mutablakkitu,
that they should get two sheep for you muttablakkatu, nabalkattanu, nabalkattu, nas
which are more than three years old TCL 18 balkutu adj., sutablakkutu.
112:24, also ibid. 17 (OB let.).
bal = na-bal-ku-tum Nabnitu XXII 224, of.
b) reversed, awry: ubdn has qablitu na- [ba-al] [BAL] = [na-bal-ku]-ti, [e-te]-qu S a Voc. Z 1';
bal-ku-tu enitu tamm[ar] you see the middle [ba-al] [BAL] - [na-bal-ku]-tum = (Hitt.) ti-ia-u-a[r]
finger of the lung reversed, i.e., changed to take a stand Sa Voc. Y 3'.
ki.bal = MIN (= na-bal-ku-tum) d a-ma-ti
CT 31 40 iii 7 (SB ext. with comm. and diagram); Nabnitu XXII 225; kur.k[i].bal = KUR na-bal-
see also (said of teeth) lex. section. ku-ti, KUR nu-kur-tum 2R 50 ii 34f., in MSL 11 55f.
ba.ra.bal - ib-bal-kit, ba.ra.bal.e - ib-ba-
nabalkutu (nubalkutu) v.; 1. to cross lak-ki-it, ba.ra.bal.e.meS = ib-ba-lak-ki-tu Hh.
over a wall, a mountain, an obstacle, a I 283ff.; mA ba.ra.bal = MIN (= sib-ti) it-ta-bal-
frontier, to act against an agreement, to kit ibid. 66; mA ba.ra.bal = MIN (=- i-ib-tu) it-ta-
rebel against authority, to pass a due date, bal-kit Ai. II i 35; if he does not pay the silver se ba.
ra.bal = Se-um it-ta-ba[-ki-it] Ai. VII App. iii 9'.
exceed a quantity, to interpenetrate (said of ib.ta.an.bal - u-bal-[kit] Ai. I iv 60; sag.
parts of a mixture), to pass over (a field, bal.ki.ta = Su-tab-lak-ku-tu Kagal B 301;
leaving it fallow), to overcome, to clamp [...] = kar-nu u-bal-[ku-tu] to change the horns
down (as with a trap), to move on, to pass Proto-Lu Bogh. Fragm. III 6.
ur.ra i.bal.e : Sa iru ib-ba-lak-[ki-tu] he who
through controls, (with ina libbi) to occur to kur
clambers over the roof CT 17 35:64f.;
one, 2. to slip out of place, to become Ha.sur.ra.ta bal.db.zu.de : .ad Hadur ina
displaced, to turn upside down (said of parts na-bal-kut-ti-ka when you cross the HaAur Mountain
of the human body, of the exta, and of the BA 10/1 65ff. No. 1:13f.; im.du.a na.an.ta.
moon), to withdraw, to fall back before an bal.e : pitiqti a-[a ib]-bal-kit-u-ni they must not
cross over my mud wall CT 16 33:185f., cf.
enemy, to change sides, to change allegiance, [giS.gam].ma ... na.an.ta.bal.e : kippati ...
mood, etc., to pervert law and justice, 3. to aj ib-bal-ki-tu-ni ibid. 32:163f.; [gis].hur.ra
turn over, capsize (said of a boat), to turn i.bal.e : <a>uqurtu ib-ba-lak-ki-tu CT 17 34:31f.,
around, to tumble (said of a flying bird), to cf. giS.hur dingir.re.e.ne.kex(KID) nu.bal.e:
u.urdt il §a la na-bal-ku-ti ibid. 3f.; inim um.
roll one's eyes, to roll (said of waves, of the me.a.mu gis nu.tuk As.mu.ta nu.bal.e :
tremor of an earthquake), to overturn (said [amat ummdnija] ul alme ina libbija ul ib-bal-kit
of a tree), to lose resilience (said of a bow), I never heard the lesson of my teacher, it did not
4. subalkutu causative to mngs. 1-3, penetrate my mind Examenstext A 29, see ZA 64
5. subalkutu to overthrow a country, a rule, 144; gis.mah ir.bi.a mu.un.bal.e : [... i]t-
ta-nab-lak-ka[t] Lugale II 43.
to overturn objects (also parts of the body), e.ta e.a.se in.bal.bal.e.ne : i§tu biti ana
to turn upside down, to change, cancel bztiit-ta-nab-lak-ka-td CT 16 12 i 26f.; gud 6.du.a
a decision, a border line, to stagger(?), bal.al.e.me5 : efemmu a kal bZtati it-ta-nab-
6. sutabalkutu (passive to mng. 1); from lak-ka-tu spirit of the dead who crosses over into
all houses ibid. 14 iv 16, cf. ur.mu nam.bal.
OAkk. on; IV ibbalkit - ibbalakkat and
bal.e.ne : ana rijaaj [ib-bal-ki]-tu-ni ibid. 1:18,
ibbalakkit - nabalkut (nubalkut Neugebauer also with nam.ba.bal.bal.e.ne : aj ib-bal-ki-
ACT index s.v.), inf. nubalkutu Neugebauer tu-ni ibid. 14 iii 54; S .zi.ga.ginx(GIM) in.bal.
ACT 200 r. ii 13f., AOAT 1 134:35, part. mub bal.e : kima 9a libba u nashu it-ta-nab-lak-kdt
balkitu, IV/2 ittabalkat and ittabalkit, IV/3 like a demented person his mood shifts constantly
CT 17 19 i 19f.; lu.ux(aISGAL).lu.bi zi.ni.ta
ittabalakkat- ittanablakkat,part. muttablak i. bal. bal.e : amelu 2 itti napigtitu it-ta-nab-
kitu, IV/4 ittatablakkat (ittatabalkitu KAH 2 <lak>-kdt CT 16 24 i 12f.
84:31), III usbalkit (wubelkit) - uibalakkat a.na.m he6.bal.en.z6.en : mind i nu-u-
(u(a)balkat) - Jubalkut, imp. ubalkit, inf. <bal>-kit(var. ni-pu-uS) PSBA 10 pi. 1:11 and 14,
var. from KAR 4:20; ki.bal nu.Se.ga ki.bal
dubalkutu, part. mubalkitu, III/2 ustabalkit
i.gul.e : mat nukurti a la magiri taqqur tu-u -
(uuStebelkit) - sutabalkutu, III/3 utablakkit - ba-kit BA 5 633 No. 6: 24f., restored from BA 10/1
uStanablakkat, inf. Iutablakkutu, III/4 (ustet 113 No. 31: 18f.
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nabalkutu la nabalkutu la
[se.giL.mar.Au].bal.ak.a : MIN (= 4e-im) [an]a epie qabli ... daiqi ib-bal-kit-u-ni [my
d ina mar-ri u-bal-ku-tc Hh. XXIV 176. troops?] crossed over the siege wall in order
BAL e-nu-u BAL na-bal-ku-td (commenting on
nabalkutu adj.) CT 31 40 iii 13; §A.BAL.BAL =
to give battle Borger Esarh. 104 ii 8; na-ba-al-
lib-bi a-na na-bal-ku-tc, SA.BAL.BAL = lib-bi a-na ka-at-ka dunnin istu bitika ib-ba-la-ka-tu-nim
4u-un-nu-u BRM 4 20:53f., cf. DI.BAL.A = na-bal- reinforce your separation wall(?), they cross
ku-ut di-i-ni ibid. 55 (astrol. comm.); na-bal-ku- over from your house (into mine) CH § H 8, in
turn = la ta-ra-su STT 339 obv.(!) 9, dupl. Symbolae
Driver and Miles Babylonian Laws 2 36; nasri
Bohl 40:33, also CT 26 43 vi 11 (astrol. comm.);
na-bal-ku-tum la ta-ra-§u [... ] K.11986:4 (courtesy dura BAL-it the guarded (prisoner) will scale
W. G. Lambert). the wall BRM 4 12:41, cf. sabtu si-bit-ta
tu-g-bal-kat 5R 45 K.253 vi 52 (gramm.). BAL-it CT 31 20 r. 23 (both SB ext.); la ta-at-
ta-nab-lak-ka-ti &asburati do not clamber
1. to cross over a wall, a mountain, an over the clay drainpipe 4R 58 i 20 and dupl.
obstacle, a frontier, to act against an agree- PBS 1/2 113 ii 55 (Lamastu); kima pitiqti ana
ment, to rebel against authority, to pass a na-bal-ku-ti-ia to leap over me as (over) an
due date, exceed a quantity, to interpenetrate earth wall Maqlu II 166, also ab-ba-lak-kit-
(said of parts of a mixture), to pass over su-nu-ti ibid. 177; diira u sameti la tab-ba-
(a field, leaving it fallow), to overcome, to lak-ki-ta-ni ibid. V 134, cf. [lu-u] sd BAD.
clamp down (as with a trap), to move on, MES [t]a-at-ta-nab-lak-fkal-t[a] AfO 19 118
to pass through controls, (with ina libbi) to K.11586:7, restored from dupl. courtesy W.
occur to one - a) to cross over a wall, a G. Lambert, cf. lu-u sd ina ri-ba-a-ti ta-
mountain, an obstacle, a frontier: PN ... at-ta-nab-la-k[a-ta] ibid. 3; na-bal-kdt-ti k
ina bitija kali biti ib-ba-al-ki-ta-am-ma ana ab-bal-[ki-tu] ABL 1342:15 (NB); for nabalU
GN ittalkam PN was detained in my house kutu said of uru roof see CT 16 1:18, CT 17
but he scaled (the wall of) my house and left 35:64f., in lex. section, cf. (demons) mu-tab-
for Diniktum TIM 2 12:42 (OB let.); asum la-ki-tu4 4-[ra-a-ti] K.255+ r. vi 336 (courtesy
PN sa ana bit PN, ib-ba-a[l-ki-tu-ma] is-ba- I. L. Finkel), bitdti tanarruba irati it-ta-na-
tu-s[u] on account of PN, who had scaled the bal-ki-ta Ugaritica 5 17:31; bu-tiq-ta NU BAL-it
wall into the house of PN, and whom they he must not cross a watercourse KAR 177 r.
caught UCP 10 177 No. 107:5 (OB Ishchali); [lu] ii 23, also (with palgu) ibid. 25 and dupls. Iraq
at-ta-tab-lak-ka-ta adi Sapl[4ti] CT 13 42 i 16 21 52:40, etc. (hemer.); BAL natbak lad I
(Sar. legend); a ... ta-at-ta-nab-lak-ka-ti kal crossed mountain ravines 1R 31 iv 3 (Samsi-
Saddni Maqlu VI 138 and 147; KUR GN eqel Adad V); if a bird istu imitti ameli ana su:
namrasi lu ab-bal-kit AKA 36 i 73 (Tigl. I), meli ameli istu Sumeli ameli ana imitti ameli
[bursa]niAdtunu ana pirki ab-bal-kit I crossed BAL.ME§-ma Boissier DA 34:12f.; cf. ina UGU
these mountains in a straight line AfO 6 IZI.GAR 3-4i ib-ba-lak-kit-ma he steps over
82:34 (AmSur-bel-kala), KUR GN la ina narkas the torch three times UET 4 178:3; ugdra
bdtija la pithalle it-<ta>-bal-ki-t[u] Scheil Tn. NU BAL-it KAR 177 r. ii 13, cf. Iraq 21 50:35;
II 37, see BiOr 27 149, cf. ina sepeja libbi KURT PN ina kiri Sa PN, im-pa-al-ki-it-ma PN
GN lu ab-bal-kit MAOG 6/1 12:26 (Asn.), see trespassed into PN's garden SMN 2495:6
Sollberger, Iraq 36 236:25; ana mdtdti janidti (Nuzi); the Medes who, during the time of
ib-bal-kit 3R 7 ii 33; Idiglat etebir KIR GN ... my royal forebears misir mat Assur la ib-bal-
at-ta-bal-kdt 3R 7 ii 14, and passim in Shalm. III, ki-tu-nim-ma Borger Esarh. 54 iv 36, cf. ana
also Saddni danniitu it-ta-ta-bal-ki-tu KAH 2 misirika ib-bal-ki-tu-' ABL 1380:12 (NB), also
84:31 (Adn. II), KUR GN ab-bal-kit AfO 9 misir la ib-bal-ak-ki-ta PRT 105 r. 19; note
92:19 and 24, also £ad NA4.SiM.BI.ZI.DA lu in the meaning "to cross over and be gone,"
BAL-it 1R 30 iii 4, and passim in Samsi-Adad V, referring to evil spirits, etc.: (the evil
KUR.MES sibittiuncum namrasi8 at-ta-bal-kat portent) libir ndra [1l]i-bal-kit sadd LKA 123
TCL 3 29, and passim in Sar. and Asb.; it-ta-ba- r. 4, cf. libirndra lib-bal-kit ,add KAR 267 r. 18,
la-ak-ka-tu hursdni zakriiti CT 37 6 i 13 (Nbn.); libir ndra BAL ,a[dd] Or. NS 34 116:7, also
12
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nabalkutu lb nabalkutu Ic
Or. NS 36 17: 15, 15 r. 2, and passim in namburbis; qa-tu JEN 64:11, and passim, cf. summa andku
lumun issuri anni li-bal-ki[tsada] ibid. 273: 11; ap-pa-la-aq-qa-tu4 JEN 126:23, summa minn
ndrdti ... litebir riksi u [...] eliti u Sapldti ni-ip-pa-la-qa-at JEN 115:13, also itti(KI)-
lit-tab-[bal-kat] K.2608+ :10 (tamztu, courtesy pa-la-ak-du JEN 201:15, itti(KI)-bal-aq-qa-tu4
W. G. Lambert); atypical: ina libbi lumni ana HSS 14 604:29; summa PN BAL-ma JEN
lemutti aj ab-bal-kit may I not shift from 493:10, sa BAL-qat-tu JEN 553:15, Summa
evil to (more) evil Dream-book 342:11; (if two anaku KI.BAL JEN 473:22, KI.BAL-at HSS 9
drops of oil stand at the right and one at the 101:38, KI.BAL.MES-tu HSS 14 568:14, and
left) sa imitti BAL.ME§ and those of the right passim; exceptional: summa mamma ina
move to the other side KUB 37 198 r. 14, berisunu itu awatu a idbubu KI.BAL-du
cf. ibid. 15, see Pettinato Olwahrsagung 2 95. RA 23 142 No. 1:19.
b) to act against an agreement - 1' in 7' in NA: mannu sa ib-bal-lak-kat-u-ni

OAkk.: [m]u-ba-al-ki-tum [kasp]am 1 MA.NA ADD 161:9, and passim; mannu sa ... ina
[i]saqqal the one who acts against the agree- matima i-bal-kat-u-ni ADD 376 r. 4, mannu
ment pays one mina of silver UCP 9 205 No. sa ina muhhi manni i-bal-kat-u-ni ADD
83:59, cf. ib-ba-al-gi-it-ma MAD 4 No. 10:5.
780:11; note mannu ... BAL GIL-u-ni
2' in OB, Mari: PN u PN2 i-ba-la-ka-tu-ma TCL 9 63:9, also sa BAL-ka t-tu-u-ni GIL-u-ni
x kaspam I.LA.E.MES VAS 8 33:23, cf. ana ADD 216:7, BAL-kat-u-[... ] AJSL 42 192 r. 5.
warkidt umim la ib-ba-la-ak-ka-tu-ma Riftin
16:12; note with suffix: PN, who had taken 8' in NB: Aa ib-ba-lak-ki-tu, x kaspa
her inheritance before I did ib-ba-al-ki-tu- inandin Dar. 316:22, also sa it-ta-bal-ki-tu
si-i-ma PBS 7 55:11 (let.); ana urram seram x kaspa inandin Dar. 25:10, and passim; a
la ib-ba-la-ka-ta-an-[n]i Studies Robinson 103:6 ib-bal-lak-kit x kaspa iturru RA 25 77 No. 2
(Mari); wr. ud.kur.s nu.mu.un.da.bal. r. 3, also sa it-ta-bal-ki-tu x kaspa iturru
me Jean Tell Sifr 56: 19, also 44:50, 71:21, and VAS 6 196:13, and passim; sa it-ta-bal-kdt x
passim, also nu.ub.ta.bal.e YOS12258:20, kaspa uallam VAS 5 50:21, also da it-ta-bal-
Grant Smith College 274:7, and passim, ki-tu x kaspa usallam TuM 2-3 134:17, cf.
nu.bal.e.ne Riftin 1:17, nu.bal.e YOS 5 132:8, and passim; sa ib-ba-lak-ki-tu qdssu ina
113:8, nu.ib.ta.bal.e VAS 13 77:13; atypi- supelti te'illi UET 4 32:14, also [sa] it-ta-
cal: akhija ul ab-ba-la-ka-at Fish Letters 6:14; bal-kit ... qdssu itelli RA 18 33 No. 35:11.
I am your loyal son kima a-wa-tim-ma ul c) to rebel against authority - 1' in
at-ta-na-ab-la-ka-at ARM 2 64:20.
royal inscrs.: sa ina mahra ib-bal-ki-tu isetu
3' in Elam: sa i-ba-la-ka-ti x kaspam DN (GN) which earlier had revolted, despising
idaqqal MDP 24 329:19, also 369:13, MDP 28 ASur AOB 1 116 ii 8 (Shalm. I), cf. PN nasiku
417 r. 2, 420:21, 427:18, etc.; note i-ba-la- sa GN BAL-kdt (var. i-ta-bal-kat) AKA 303
kd-at-ma x kaspam isaqqal MDP 24 330:28, ii 24 (Asn.), PN rabdtisu<nu> ib-bal-ki-ti-ma
:368:10; sa i-nu U BAL MDP 18 215 r. 14 (= idukuSu AKA 237 r. 37, ib-bal-kat-u-ni Wise-
MDP 22 47), Sa BAL MDP 4 179 No. 6:17 man Treaties 175, ummdn KaSSe ib-bal-ki-tu-ma
(- MDP 22 74); see also tasni. idikusu CT 34 38 i 11 (Synchron. Hist.); the
4' in OB Alalakh: summa PN ib-ba-la-ak- ana
inhabitants of GN, GN 2 , and GN 3
ka-at Wiseman Alalakh 56:35 and 39, also da sihirtinu it-ta-bal-ku-ti Purattu tabru all
urram seram ip-pa-la-ak-ka-tu ibid. 78:12, of them revolted and crossed the Euphrates
cf. ibid. 53 r. 2, 58:11, 63:8. AKA 353 iii 27 (Asn.); KUR GN ib-bal-ki-
tu(var. -ta)-ni-ma AOB 1 112:28, cf. GN ...
5' in RS: amelu ana ameli la ub-bal-kat ib-bal-ki-tu-ni-ni-ma ittija ikkiru ibid. 118:10
MRS 9 230 RS 18.01:13.
(Shalmn. I), cf. la ta-bal-kdt-a-ni la tanakkirani
6' in Nuzi: mannu sa i-bal-ga-tu, x kaspa Wiseman Treaties 244; with itti: ittija ib-bal-
... inaddin HSS 9 115:12, also, wr. i-bal-la- kit KAH 2 84:51, and passim in Adn. II, also
13
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nabalkutu Ic nabalkutu Id
ittisu lu ib-bal-kit WO 1 464:42, and passim 453 r. 8, of. CT 20 36 iii 18; dl pdtika Sa BAL-ka
in Shalm. III, GN sa itti PN ib-bal-ki-tu itdr[ka] KAR 437 r. 13; ana rube ajimma ina
aksud Rost Tigl. III p. 10:43, and passim, sa tillatisu BAL-SU Boissier DA 226:14; KUR ana
ina ade DN ... ihttdma ib-bal-ki-tu ittija KUR BAL-at KAR 153 r.(!) 6; BAL-ut hupsi ana
TCL 3 310, and passim in Sar., RN ahusu ittisu rube revolt of the hupsu soldiers against the
ib-bal-[kit] CT 34 40 iii 28, and passim in chron.; ruler KAR 148:23, also BRM 4 13:22 and 49
with eli: massu elisu ib-bal-kit-ma Streck (all SB ext.); [.. .]-at dli SUB.MES-ni EN.NUN
Asb. 82 x 10, also 80 ix 94; with ina muhhi : ali BAL-it CT 39 47:22 (SB Alu); rubi mdssu
ina muhhi[su] la ta-bal-kat-a-ni Wiseman Trea- BAL-[su] Thompson Rep. 264 r. 2, cf. 265:2, also
ties 310, cf. ibid. 186, and passim; with seru: RA 34 4:1 (Nuzi earthquake omens).
RN serussu ib-bal-kit-ma Streck Asb. 32 iv 1
and 34 iv 11; with suffixes: RN rabitesuBAL. 3' in lit.: inima kibrdt arba'i istenis ib-ba-
MES-8i-ma idikusu AKA 341 ii 118 (Asn.); al-ki-tu-ni-in-ni RA 70 111:11 and 15; flil-bal-
5 nagi ... ib-bal-ki-tu-su-ma la imguru KAT ersetu rema let the womb of the earth
belussu Winckler Sar. pl. 32 No. 68:71; RN rebel (may no grass come up) Lambert-Millard
ummdnu BAL-su-ma BHT pl. 12 ii 2; inu Atra-hasis p. 108 r. iv 49, cf. ibid. 110 v 7;
naphar matdtim ... [a]jabis [ib]-ba-al-ki-td- alu ina muhhi[u] it-ta-bal-kat ZA 51 134:23;
an-ni-ma (var. ib-ba[l-ki-tu-ma]) JEOL 20 li-bal-kit-si suqu ... li-bal-kit-si ibratu ...
54:36 (Cruc. Mon.). li-bal-ki-tu-si-ma ilani a seri u dli Maqlu V
40ff., cf. multepistu na-bal-ku-ta-at-an-ni
VIII 61; ana ummdni la iqil massu BAL-SU
2' in omens: iniimi RN mdssu i-ba-al-ki-
Lambert BWL 112:5.
ti-Su RA 35 42f. No. 7:4, of. No. 6:4 (Mari liver
models); al patika a ib-ba-al-ki-tu-ka qdtka
4' other occs.: awili, i-ta-ba-al-ku-ti
ikassad you will subdue the border city of sarrum dame etapas the men rebelled, the
yours which rebelled against you YOS 10 king had caused bloodshed CCT 4 30a: 12 (OA);
44:17, sarram alsu i-ba-la-ka-as-s ibid. 33 i
(make forecasts) ana la na-ba-al-ku-ut mdtim
13, cf. ibid. 52 ii 30, and passim; note: [. .. ana
that the land will not revolt RA 66 123:29
S]apldnu na-bal-ku-ut rubdm massu i-ba-la- (Mari let.); inima ahhusu RN belsunu ib-ba-
ka-as-su [if the ... ] is turned over down- al-ki-tu Wiseman Alalakh 1:1 (OB); [summa
ward: the ruler's country will rebel against itti Sar mat Hatti] na-bal-ku-td [inneppus]
him RA 44 16:2; sarram massu ib-ba-la-ak-ka-
if there is a revolt against the king of Hatti
a[s-sei] RA 67 46:80; mdtum re-e-i-sa ib-ba-
KBo 1 8 r. 16, also KUB 3 7:23 (treaties); issija
fla-kal-[at] YOS 10 39 r. 7, cf. sa re-e-i-sa ib- lilliki uld i-bal-ka-ta ABL 312 r. 11 (NA);
ba-al-k[i-tu] ibid. 9; bi[tum] rab'im ib-ba-la- mat Elamti gabbi ana muhhi RN arridunu
ka-at ibid. 17:45, cf. RA 38 81 r. 34, sibittum
it-ta-bal-ki-tu all Elam rebelled against their
ib-ba-la-ka-at YOS 10 47:57; note: ana Sarrim
king RN ABL 462:17, cf. mat Gurasimmu ina
aldnid a nakrim ib-ba-la-ka-tu-ni ibid. 91 (all qdteja it-ta-bal-ki-tu ABL 754:8; umma darru
OB ext.); sarru massu ib-ba-la-ka-as-si KBo 9
belkunu umma la ta-bal-kit-<a> ABL 865 r. 6
58:2, Sarru URU.DIL.DIL-l ib-ba-la-ka-tu-su
(all NB), also ib-bal-lak-kit-u inaddd will they
KUB 37 220:4 (both liver models); dlu BAL-ma
rebel or secede? ABL 1195 r. 4 (query for an
belsu iddk Leichty Izbu III 38, KUR-ka ana
oracle).
KUR nakri BAL ibid. XI 11, cf. 12, mdtu is
tenis BAL ibid. 139, rub tilldtusu izzibuSuma d) to pass a due date, exceed a quantity:
mdssu BAL-SU ibid. 141; tillatu BAL-an-ni I hired the men for one month ITI.2.KAM
Boissier DA 226:20, cf. tilldtuu BAL.ME§-4i-ma li-ba-al-ki-tam-ma littalkakki let them stay
uamqatau BRM 4 13:6; KUR BAL-an-ni-ma on for a second month and then depart (to
GAz-an-ni CT 31 9 iv 23; ana rube KUR BAL. go) to you YOS 2 75:9; if he does not pay and
ME§-,u itarma the country which had ebiram ib-ba-la-ak-ka-at-ma PN talni utdr
rebelled against the ruler will return KAR goes beyond harvest time (then) PN returns
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nabalkutu le nabalkutu ij
double the amount YOS 12 201:14; (barley kumma li-tab-ld-k&-at Kienast ATHE 64:8;
and silver) sa MU ... sa ib-ba-al-ki-tu-ma ikrib sa ASsur u IStar ... li-ba-al-ki-t4-ni
of the (named) year which were in excess CCT 4 2a: 34, see Hirsch Untersuchungen 2 Addi-
TLB 1 190:15 (all OB); adsum [ebiram(?)] tions p. 12, cf. ubati sa ikribi sa ABsur ana
i-ba-la-ka-[tu] sibtam ussab UCP 10 161 No. minim la i-ba-l[a]-ku-ti BIN 6 30:28;
92:14 (OB Ishchali); see also (said of interest) tuppu bit karim adini la i-ba-[al]-ki-it ICK 1
Hh. I 66 and Ai., in lex. section; DIS MUL. 184:46; referring to orders: tertum li-ba-al-
UTGA it-ta-nab-la-kat ACh Istar 23:4; for "to ki-tdm BIN 4 64:27, cf. te-er-ta-k&li-ba-al-ki-
transgress, exceed" as astron. term see tdm VAT 9231:34, tertum ... li-ba-al-ki-tdm-
Neugebauer ACT index s.v. bal and nabalkutu ma BIN 6 62:25, tertaknu li-ba-al-ki-tdm BIN
(always in the stative nu-bal-kut); ina 1 GIN 4 42:30; in broken contexts: Id ta-ba-al-ki-
pitqu hurdsu ina muhhisu ib-bal-lak-kit (if he td-ma BIN 6 260:8, i-ba-ld-k&-ta-ma BIN 4
does not return the gold to the temple in the 79:23'.
month MN) it will increase (at the rate of) 2' in OB: ana GN allak u ab-ba-la-ka-tam
one eighth of a shekel per shekel of gold Kraus AbB 1 117:8; the king dispatched him
TCL 13 211:7, cf. ina 1 GIN pitqu hurdsu ina
and he went u i-ba-al-ki-ta-am-ma and then
muhhisunu ib-ba-al-kit BIN 1114:9 (bothNB).
he moved on to (come) here OECT 3 36:8;
e) (1/3) to interpenetrate (said of parts of ana birim sa tamitim ul ib-ba-al-ki-it CT 2
a mixture): umma samni mu u riqq ana 5:10; LU GN ib-ba-al-ki-tu-ma Kraus AbB 1
[aha'is tarbu] ki aha'is it-ta-nab-la-ku-tu 9:15; said of cattle: GUD.HI.A ullitum ... ul
if the oil, the water, and the perfume have ib-ba-la-ka-tu OECT 3 78 r. 11'.
penetrated each other, have intermingled
3' in MB, MA: [...] ib-ba-la-ka-at-ma
KAR 220 ii 16, for other refs. see Ebeling Parfiimn-
ittallak BE 17 66:26; PN it-[t]a-ba-[al-kat-m]a
rez. p. 49 s.v. balkdtu.
illalca JCS 6 144:8 (MB); for a MA ref. see
f) to pass over (a field, leaving it fallow): mugirru mng. 2, cf. KAJ 171:27, see ZA 66
zera mala ib-ba-lak-ki-tu-i-ma ... irrisu they 214f. n. 30.
will plant all the fields that they passed over
i) (with ina libbi) to occur to one: midde
(last year) YOS 6 150:12 (NB).
amatum mahritum ina libbika ib-ba-la-ka-at
g) to overcome, to clamp down (as with the earlier matter will perhaps occur to you
a trap): giSparrumdmit Samas lib-bal-ki-tu- Kraus AbB 1 119:17 (OB let.); [li]b-bal-[k]itina
su-ma libdrusu (see giiparru usage b) Bab. libbika DIN.TIRki banumma may it occur to
12 pl. 1:16, of. 39, also AfO 14299:1 and 304:4 you to build Babylon CT 13 48:9; a ...
(Etana); kispisunu ... kima giSparri lib-bal- [ina libbi] sarrani alik mahri la ib-bal-ki-[t]u
kit-[gu-nu-ti] AfO 18 294:73, wr. BAL.MES- epes siprisu (the temple) which it had not
[su-nu-ti] PBS 1/1 13:35; kispu[sunu] [elif occurred to the kings, (my) predecessors, to
sunu] li-bal-ki-tu-ma Maqlu III 73, cf. kiSpii reconstruct Iraq 15 123:7 (Merodachbaladan),
Junu lib-bal-ki-tu-si-nu-ti-ma Iraq 22 224 r. 6, restored from parallel YOS 1 38 i 25 (Sar.); ina
cf. also AfO 18 293:57; lib-bal-ki-tu-maepisdti libbi ililu ana SAL.SIG5 BAL-it he will be
sunu libdru Maqlu VII 16. remembered by his god Labat Calendrier
§ 33:13; [... ] x-tum tuppdni TA AR.BAD
h) to move on, to pass through controls -
na-s-ta ina libbika BAL.ME§ (end of instruc-
1' in OA: itti luqtim sa sepika ... li-ba-al-
tions to the bdrd) Boissier DA 212 r. 34; see
ki-it-ma let the balance of the goods in your also Examenstext A, in lex. section.
caravan move on Hecker Giessen No. 28 r. 8';
kaspum abiniSu li-ba-al-ki-it-ma the silver j) obscure usage (as a math. term): ana
should cross twice Kienast ATHE 64:19, 2-ma BAL-it (imperative) TMB 76 No. 151:1;
cf. kaspum i-ta-na-db-ld-ka-at-ma MVAG 33 for BAL in math. in the mng. "ratio," possibly
No. 269 r. 16; ina kaspim sa bit PN qdssu lis= to be read nabalkutu or nabalkattu, see Thu-
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nabalkutu 2a nabalkutu 2b
reau-Dangin, RA 29 78 ff., and TMB index p. 233 fibl-ba-al-ki-it-ma niram ittul is displaced
s.v. BAL b. and faces the "yoke" YOS 10 46 ii 5, also
ibid. i 46, also (said of uban hatim qablitum) YOS
2. to slip out of place, to become displaced,
10 5:2f., and passim; umma uban hasi qablitu
to turn upside down (said of parts of the
ina maskanisa na-ba-al-ku-ta-at ibid. 39:19,
human body, of the exta, and of the moon),
wr. BAL-at KAR 423 r. i 42f., etc.; summa ...
to withdraw, to fall back before an enemy,
nidi kusts BAL-Ut Boissier DA 225:2; summa
to change sides, to change allegiance, mood,
naplastum ib-[ba-al-ki]-it YOS 10 11 iv 19,
etc., to pervert law and justice - a) to slip
also 16:9 and 13; DIS ur'udum na-ba-al-ku-ut
out of place, to become displaced, to turn
ibid. 36 iv 25, DI padanu i-ba-al-ki-it-ma
upside down (said of parts of the human
RA 38 80:7, MAS nru na-ba-al-ku- <ut> YOS
body, of the exta, and of the moon) - 10 42 iii 51, summa ES BAL-ut TCL 6 1:37,
1' parts of the human body: apildu it-ta-
but summa ES BAL-at ibid. 38, summa tirdnu
na-a[b-la]-ka-ta KUB 37 55 i 11; DIS sapu:
5-ma BAL.MES Boissier Choix 93 K.3670:14,
lasu it-ta-nab-lak-kat Kraus Texte 22 i 22, cf.
and note summa MUD BAL-ma asar SIG-Sd
KAR 401 r.(?) i 4 (physiogn.); [if a man's
ressa akin ibid. 91 K.3949: 1; [summa] 2
feet(?)] ittanaknanadu sapuldsu BAL.BAL-sci
marrdtumma sa imittim sa sumelim it-ta-ba-
AMT 70,3:3, cf. AMT 54,3 r. 7, Kocher BAM 231
a[l-ki-it] if there are two gall bladders and
i 6, sapuldsu BAL.MES K.9216 ii 2; he walks
the right one passes the left one RA 67 52:10;
(with feet turned) outward sepaSu BAL.MES
vzU kima sikkati izziz ... MIN (= Uzu) kima
Kraus Texte 22 i 31; Ser'dn ... sepes sa
sikkati ana muhhi appisu ib(text VR)-bal-
imitti u a sumeli ittanasgagu u BAL.MES
kit-ma izzazma (if) there is a fleshy excres-
Labat TDP 42 r. 31; if a man's feet are
1 cence (looking) like a peg, (this means) a
paralyzed GRII-4 BAL.BAL.MES-4s AMT
fleshy excrescence (looking) like a peg is
70,7 ii 8, dupl., wr. QiRII-,i BAL.BAL-Ju Kocher
turned about toward its tip CT 31 39:17;
BAM 122:10; ina i-tab-lak-ku-ti putturu rik:
for the reading of BAL as end or naparqudu
sua my sinews are parted through displace-
see end mng. lb and naparqudu, also the
ment Lambert BWL 44:104 (Ludlul II); Sa la
commentaries cited in lex. section.
teppusa pia la ta-ba-lak-ka-ta liadnda (the
nether world) that does not speak nor move
3' of the moon: summa Sin ina tamartisu
its tongue KAR 43:6 and dupl. 63:6; difficult:
BAL-ut if the moon at its first appearance is
qdssu na-ba-al-ku-ta-at he has committed
out of place ACh Supp. Sin 7:3, also wr. na-
a crime(?) TCL 20 93:22 (OA); uncert.: [...]
bal-kut Borger, Symbolae Bohl 40:33, and par-
si-i-ma ib-ba-la-ak-k[a-x] (describing the
allels, for comm., see lex. section.
symptoms of a sick person) BE 17 74:8 (MB
let.), cf. ibid. 6.
b) to withdraw, to fall back before an
2' parts of the exta: KAL na-ba-al-ku-ut enemy (NB only): gar GN ina GN 2 saltu ana
Bab. 2 259:16, cf. KA.E.GAL BAL-at JCS 11 104 libbisu [ipu] ina panisu ib-bal-kit-ma the
No. 22 r. 3 (OB ext. reports), cf. BE KAL BAL- king of Elam gave battle to him in GN2 and
ma ... AN.TA ittul Boissier DA 6:18, [DIS] retreated before him Winckler AOF 1 301 iii
dandnum ib-ba-al-ki-it-ma bab ekallim ittul 15 (Chronicle P), see Grayson Chronicles No. 22;
YOS 10 21:1, etc.; na-bal-ku-tum sa manzdzi ummdn mat Addur ikgudunimma ina panic
u danani CT 30 22 K.6268 i 18, NA DU.A.BI sunu BAL-ma ana arkisu ihhis Wiseman Chron.
BAL-Ut the entire manzdzu is dislocated 52:24, cf. ummdn mat ASgur ina pan umman
TCL 6 6 r. ii 16, cf. NA U ulmu BAL.MES-ma mat Akkadi BAL.ME-ma ibid. 54:13, also ibid.
ibid. ii 20, also lulmu BAL-ut ibid. 21; umma 4, also p. 50:7 and 9, 66:4; ummn madt Akkadi
tulimum nibdu ana ruqqidu na-ba-al-ku-ut ina tahaz s ri BAL.ME-ma BHT pi. 4:15; RN
RA 67 44:55 (OB ext.), if a "weapon-mark" BAL-ma ibid. pl. 17 r. 21; ummdn Misir ina
at the right in the middle of the gall bladder paniu BAL-4 ibid. pl. 18 r. 11; ina pa-ni-ni
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nabalkutu 2c nabalkutu 3d
it-ta-bal-kit ABL 1386:6, ina pa-ni-h-nu mat darri ib-ba-la-ka-at (var. BAL) Leichty
it-ta-bal-ki-ti ABL 520 r. 8. Izbu VI 56, also, wr. BAL-at ibid. XVI 27; KA
mat sarri BAL-at (with BAL in the prot.)
c) to change sides, to change allegiance,
KAR 152:23, cf., wr. BAL-it Boissier DA 219
to change mood (also with pi as subject) -
r. 10 (SB ext.).
1' to change sides (in a dance): warki §a
humusim hubbi it-ta-na-ab-la-ka-tu after (the e) to pervert law and justice: see the
performance of) the wrestler(s), the dancers comm. BRM 4 20:55, in lex. section; ana ...
(dance a dance in which they) keep chang- [zikur]uda DI.BAL.A ana ameli la teh so that
ing sides RA 35 3 r. iii 21 (Mari rit.). zikurudu magic and "perversion of justice"
may not affect a man STT 275 i 17, and passim,
2' to change allegiance: matum di kalusa
wr. DI.BAL.A, possibly to be read dibald, see
kima 1 awelim ana serija ib-ba-la-ka-t[u] the
the refs. cited kadibbidd, note, wr. DI.BAL.LA
entire population sides with me as one man
PBS 1/2 121:5.
ARM 1 29:24 and (same phrase) ibid. 10:24 and
r. 8'; mat GN ana sr RN it-ta-ba-al-ka-at-ma 3. to turn over, capsize (said of a boat),
ARM 2 50:6; mat GN ... it-ta-ba-al-ka-tam to turn around, to tumble (said of a flying
ARM 4 68:6, cf. 81:12, also RA 35 180:9; PN bird), to roll one's eyes, to roll (said of waves,
PN2 u PN 3 ana LTJ ESnunna it-ta-ba-al-k[a-t]u of the tremor of an earthquake), to overturn
PN, PN2 , and PN 3 sided with the king of (said of a tree), to have lost resilience (said
Eshnunna ARMT 14 106 r. 19; note with the of a bow) - a) to turn over, capsize (said of
connotation "to renege": annam ipulann[i] a boat): kima GIS.MA.GUR 8 annitu ib-ba-lak-
iturma ib-ba-al-ki-ta-an-ni-ma SAL.TUR-ti ul ki-tu kiSpiula libbalkituma just as this boat
iddinam he consented but then he changed overturns, may the magic produced by her
his mind and reneged by not giving me my turn against (her) Maqlu III 124, cf. annitu
girl ARM 10 100:20; let us go into the makurraga kima annitu BAL-tu 4 kispuiiunu
region of GN i ni-ba-al-ki-ta-am-ma [itt]ika libbalkitusunuti UET 6 410 r. 5, see Iraq 22 224.
i nisSakin we will change allegiance and side
with you EA 9:21 (MB royal); ti-bal-ki-tu b) to turn around, over: if the sick
amelitisi EA 138:103 (let. of Rib-Addi); dal person ina bantigu salilma NU BAL-it lies on
pdtika ana nakri BAL-at Leichty Izbu XI 26, his stomach and cannot turn over Labat TDP
cf. al pati nakri BAL-ku ibid. 27; note: the 158:20, cf. ibid. 19, also §umma TA reseti ana
king nu-bal-kut nakrisu GAR-an AOAT 1 gepeti TA sepeti ana re~eti ina la ide BAL.BAL
134:35. ibid. 164:63; ina KI.NA-4, illatusu illakca
BAL.BAL-at utandh K6cher BAM 231 i 8; (if
d) to change mood - 1' in gen.: see the slaughtered sheep) iUtu imitti ana Aumeli
CT 17 19 i 19f., also (with napiStu) CT 16 24 it-ta-ba-lak-ka-at TuL p. 42 r. 3 (behavior of
i 12f., in lex. section; summa magal BAL.BAL sacrificial lamb).
DUL.DUL-tam u §UB.§UB-ut (see katdmu
mng. 7) Labat TDP 182:41, cf. summa BAL. c) to tumble (said of a flying bird): if a
BAL u magal irriS ibid. 42, DUL.DUL U BAL. bird calls on a man's left side ana muhhi
BAL ibid. 40 r. 25, u BAL.BAL 42 r. 28, kappi u .a imitti [NIGIN ... ] BAL.MES-at U
see also BIN 7 45:11, cited nabalkattu mng. 4; kappau urtanamma veers toward its right
uncert.: if a man goes regularly to a tavern wing, [... ] tumbles, and repeatedly folds its
MU.1.KAM A.BI BAL CT 39 44:5, cf. BRM 4 wings CT 40 49:22, restored from Boissier DA
20:53f., in lex. section. 34:10 (SB Alu).
2' with pl: pi mdti elika la ib-ba-la-ka-at d) to roll one's eyes: Bumma alpu indSu
(release these men) lest the opinion of the BAL-ma BABBAR ukallam if a bull rolls its
country turn against you Laessee Shemshara eyes (lit. its eyes roll) showing (only) the
Tablets 39 SH 887:29; tibit ,ar fiammd'i pi-i whites CT 40 32 r. 17 (SB Alu); if a man falls
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nabalkutu 3e nabalkutu 4c
and indas ib-bal-ka-<ta>-ma turra la idd objects move on: mehram sa tuppim ...
his eyes roll back and do not return (to their su-ba-al-ki-it-[ma] sebilam TCL 19 9:19, cf.
proper position) Labat TDP 190:16, of. indsu kaspam u tuppisu su( !)-ba-fal(!)1-ki-ta-ma
balsa // na-bal-ku-ti ibid. 174:6, cf. 226:71, sebilanim COT 4 34b:20; mehram sa uttitika
also inadu na-bal-[ku-ta] (beside bal-[sa]) su-ba-al- <ki>-it-ma sebilam CCT 2 15:28;
ibid. 48 E ii 6f.; inesu DUL-ma BAL(var. adds mehri sa tuppisu harrumutim nu-uB-ba-al-ki-
.ME)-ma ibid. 80:1; if the whites of his eyes it-ma ikkunukkini ... kanku TCL 19 44 r. 19,
BAL-ut-ma are rolled back ibid. 50 G: 3-6, also cf. meharSunu[su-ba-a]l-ki-ta-ma BIN 6 57:25,
(said of sulmu pupil) ibid. 7f.; if a pregnant also (in broken contexts) ibid. 125:4, 260:8 (all
woman [I0i] 1-c BAL.MES ibid. 208:89. OA); she should dispatch the boat ituma
e) to roll (said of waves, of the tremor of ana su-ba-al-ku-tim la tamguri ebirum la
an earthquake): if a river carries off its ikassadam since you did not agree to send
banks agi aga kaSid u BAL.BAL-at (see agi B
(the boat) on (and) harvesting cannot start
Kraus AbB 1 117:13; lama eburim su-ba-al-
mng. 2) CT 39 19:128 (SB Alu); summa
ersetu BAL-it RAcc. 34:16.
ki-ta-ma se-e babtim Suddina before the
harvest is over transfer (pl.) (the [...]) and
f) to overturn (said of a tree): see collect the outstanding barley YOS 2 85:13
Lugale II 43, in lex. section. (both OB letters); UD.1.KAM elippatius-te-bi-il-
ki-it-ma ustesbit BE 17 49:3, cf. hamut [...]
g) to have lost resilience (said of a bow):
li-is-bi-il-ki-ta ibid. 11; gisra ... ina GN ki
qaSatni tabtu ib-bal-kit-ma our good bow has
lost resilience (and is too hard to string for
us-bal-ki-ta ana GN 2 ki irdd PBS 1/2 54:32
(both MB letters).
our strength) Cagni Erra I 89.
2' to transfer, push away, etc., objects:
4. subalkutu (causative to mngs. 1-3) -
I lifted it but it was too heavy for me ul-tab-
a) to make (someone) cross over: suhari
lak-ki-is-su-ma ul ele'ja niiss I wanted to
uram ana irim us-ba-al-ki-tu-ma they made
push it forward but I could not even move it
my servant cross roof after roof VAS 16
Gilg. I v 30; libitti uqni ina su-bal-ku-ti-Si
181:14 (OB let.); Sadd lu-s[d]-bal-ki-ta luseib-
CT 38 38:63 (namburbi), see Or. NS 34 121:9; see
sunu let me make (them) cross the mountain
also (barley) sa ina marri Subalkutu Hh.
and let me settle them Iraq 20 183 No. 39:60
XXIV 176, in lex. section; (aromatic matter)
(NA let.); spati rab&ti us-bal-k[it]
(see
[ana libbi ta]re tu-us-ba-la-kat Ebeling Par-
sdpitu) Wiseman Chron. p. 70:22; e-nus u-
fiumrez. p. 28 left col. 4; NA 4 .ME-Zu-nu la su-bal-
bal-ki-ta 7 Saddni ArOr 17/1 204:18 (translit.
ku(text KI)-tu 4 their (the animals') counting
only), cf. (the locusts nu-au--bal-kat1l-A~
stones have not been transferred HSS 14
ABL 1015 r. 9 (NA).
508:10, cf. la su-be-el-ki-tu 4 HSS 9 53:11
b) to cause (someone) to change an agree- (both Nuzi); lis-bal-kit kiSpikunu Asalluhi
ment: ahdssu u-ta-ba-al-ki-it he made his Maqlu IV 7, cf. us-ta-bal-ki-tu-ki ibid. III 57.
sister break the agreement CCT 3 15:17, see
3' to copy (a text): ki pi u'ilti gabari GN
Kienast, ZA 54 93, of. PNua-ta-ba-al-ki-si
TCL 19 50:35 (both OA); mannumme awd[te] js-bal-kut copied from a tablet originating
annutti us-bal-kat-Su-nu Wiseman Alalakh in Nippur Pinches Berens Coll. No. 110 r. 21,
2:77 (MB); Saau-bal-ki-it nidna annd DN
cf. (in colophons) ana qabe liginni zamar
Su-bal-ku-ut CT 16 18 r. 7 (= Hunger Kolophone
lis'alu DN should hold accountable the one
416); qdt PN kali Istar Uruk 4-sd-bal-kit the
who invalidates this gift MRS 6 84 RS
16.157:25.
hand of PN, the lamentation-priest of Istar of
Uruk, copied (the preceding inscription)
c) to make objects (letters, merchandise, BIN 2 31:25 (NB votive); naphar 20 tuppii sa
boats, etc.) move on, to transfer, push away, Au-bal-k-tu in all, twenty tablets were
etc., objects, to copy (a text) - 1' to make copied HSS 13 132:118.
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nabalkutu 4d nabalkutu 5d
d) to cause (someone) to rebel: ma-tam (Samsuiluna); kusssu aUGI§. [.. .]-~u li-iS-bal-
us-ba-al-ki-tu they caused the country to kat-su Wiseman Alalakh 2:79; kuss&ka li-iS-
rebel CT 4 1:6, cf. lama ma-tam(!) us-ba-la- bal-ki-id-du KBo 1 1 r. 64, also 3 r. 13 and 35;
ak-ka-tu ibid. 7 (OB let.); sihu bartu ... usar kusse Sarrutisu li-sd-bal-kit-ma Streck Asb.
bs~ma mdta us-bal-kit-ma 1R 29 i 41 (Samgi- 244:76 and 248:94; [ana] su-ba-al-ku-ut pale
Adad V); KUR GN ittija us-bal-kit-ma Lie panisu iskun he decided to overthrow the
Sar. 85, of. Winckler Sar. pl. 34 No. 73:123, also rule STC 2 pl. 73 i 13; ina muhhi Sd-bal-ku-te
pl. 31 No. 65:34; ba'ulate GN us-bal-kit-ma Sa mati iddubub he talked about the over-
OIP 2 61 iv 65 (Senn.); Arubu kaliseeli RN throw of the country ABL 223 r. 6 (NA).
us-bal-kit-ma Borger Esarh. 54 iv 24; ardani
dagil panija us-bal-kit Streck Asb. 30 iii 100; b) to overturn objects (also parts of the
nise mat Aribi ittiu 4-da-bal-kit-ma Piepkorn body): kusse nemettija [ul-ta-bal-kil-tan-nu
Asb. 82 viii 4; in lit.: Tiamat u-sd-bal-ki-tii- he overturned my nemettu seat PSBA 23 pl. af-
ma (var. us-b[al-ki-tu]) En. el. VI 24, of. ibid. 30. ter p. 192:20 (lament.); u-sd-bal-kdt (var. us-ba-
lak-ka-[tal) daldti (parallel amahas, aSabbir)
e) to allow a due date to pass by, to CT 15 45: 18, var. from KAR 1: 15 (Descent of IStar),
extend the term: when you return, make a cf. [da]latisu Saqati tus-bal-k[at] (Sum.
sun disk of gold and send it here idtu spika destroyed) BA 5 632 No. 6:15; said of parts
panitim tu-us-ta-na-db-la-kac-at ana minim of the body: masaksa [ul-us-ba-la-ga-at-ma
ikribi tukal you have kept on delaying ever he flays its (the sheep's) skin MDP 14 123 No.
since your previous caravan, why do you still 90:10 (OAkk. rit.); Sui kakkeki su-bal-ki-ti
retain the votive offering? BIN 6 30:18 (OA); ineki Kocher BAM 105:4, dupl. STT 97 iv 27;
please give me the silver, if not u'ilti ana zerasu lilqutu suviv-ti-[su] li-iS-[ba]-al-[ki-du]
muhhika 4-sd-bal-kdt-ma I will draw up a MDP 2 63 ii 6, see MDP 10 p. 11; difficult: [S]u-
tablet debiting you with a later due date (and su us-bal-kt-ma LKA 139 r. 35; qdssu us-bal-
interest will have to be paid on the silver) kit-ma RA 27 17:12 (Til Barsib); obscure: pi-i
YOS 3 193:17 (NB let.). ha-Se-e Su-bal-kut Lambert BWL 32:63 (Lud-
f) to make (someone) change an opinion: lul I); summa luhhi issurim us-ba-al-ki-it-ma
YOS 10 51 ii 22 and 52 ii 21 (OB ext.).
awilum s pi sabim elija du-ba-la-ak-ka-at-ma
this man will change the attitude of the c) to turn upside down: (the figure
soldiers against me ARM 2 31 r. 13', cf. pi seventy) eliS ana Saplis us-bal-kit-ma he
sabim elija su-ba-al-ku-ut ibid. 18', also pi turned upside down (so as to read eleven)
alim la i'-ba-la-ka-tu ARM 2 33 r. 16', of. Borger Esarh. 14 Ep. 10:7, see Hirsch, AfO 21 34;
137:34, inanna pi muske[nim] is-ba-al-ki-it [summa] ina pit ameli patru Su-bal-kut-ma
ARM 10 152 r. 11'; 2 awil4 sunu mugallitu
nadi if on a man's forehead there is a dagger
sa pem us-ba-al-ki-t[u] ARM 1 116 r. 4', of. mark upside down (followed by patru zaqpu
edge 2; pi mdtim elika tu-us-ba-la-ka-at nadi an upright dagger mark) Bab. 7 p. 235
Laessee Shemshara Tablets 38 SH 887:11; LU. (pl. 18) r. 15 (physiogn.).
MAiH.MES p4dunu lli4-d-bal-ku-ti ABL 205 r. 2.
d) to change, cancel a decision, a border
g) to cause a bow to lose resilience: qasta line: Sa tuppam Sua usamsaku u me-ki-Su
ina qdtekunu lu-Sd-bal-ki-tu Wiseman Treaties
[us]-ba-la-ga-<du> he who removes this
574.
tablet or disregards its content MDP 6 pl. 5:60,
5. subalkutu to overthrow a country, a cf. Cu DI.KUD-sU uS-ba-la-ga-du MDP 4 pl. 2
rule, to overturn objects (also parts of the iv 10 (OAkk.); PN ki illika dind ul-ta-bal-kit
body), to turn upside down, to change, cancel ABL 716 r. 18 (NB), cf. dinu a abuka epuuni
a decision, a border line, to stagger(?) - ... 4-sa-bal-ki-tu ABL 1250 r. 10 (NA); Summa
a) to overthrow a country, a rule: RN mu- a'llu tai4ma .. . u-bal-ki-it if a man changes
us-ba-al-ki-it KI.EN.GI SAG.6 YOS 9 35:104 a border line KAV 2 iv 21 (Ass. Code B § 9).
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nabalu nabalu
e) to stagger(?): if his hands and feet are to the arid land, a place without water (lit.
black (tarka) uS-ta-nab-lak-kdt itebbi u of thirst), into the desert TCL 3 193 (Sar.);
[ikammis] he staggers(?), constantly rising GN nagid a agardu riqu misit na-ba-li qaqqar
up and crouching down Labat TDP 92 r. 39, tdbti asar sumame Bazu, a district of remote
cf. us-ta-nab-lak-kdt ibid. 37, also BAL.BAL location, a forgotten place of dry land, saline
itebbi u ikammis ibid. 38. ground, a waterless place Borger Esarh. 56
iv 54.
6. sutabalkutu (passive to mng. 1): [sur s
pu]m S ina u-ta-ba-al-ku-tim [ihhar]am
b) dry land (in contrast to river or sea) -
matma this ice will melt when it is transferred
1' in hist.: adi GN uz(e)qelpI x x ultu GN
ARM 3 29:23; note the obscure III/4 forms:
na-ba-li uelidindti ... ildudusindti they
with respect to this barley Se-el-le-en-te-na-
had (boats) float downstream as far as Opis,
ku-mi us-te-et-bal-kat-ma-mi I am the
from Opis they beached them on the dry
Sellentena, it has been transferred(?) (to me?)
land and dragged them (to the Arahtu Canal)
HSS 13 24:6, also (in the same phrase)
OIP 2 73:62 (Senn.), see Salonen Wasserfahrzeuge
Se-el-li-in-ta-an-ni ana Sanati us-te-et-bal-kat
181:16; (if a boat) istu ebertan ebera ina
u ana 10 sandti Saknu HSS 14 531:6.
sahdt [na-b]i-li when crossing from the other
Nougayrol, RA 40 64f. Ad mng. 2b: Grayson bank (hits and sinks a laden boat) at the edge
Chronicles p. 73f.
of the dry land AfO 12 52 M 10 (MA laws),
nabalu s.; (part of a chariot); early OB see David, JEOL 2/6 136; my warriors ina
Mari.* elippdte iqqelpil Purattu andku ana i-ti-su-un
na-ba-lu sabtdkuma went down the Euphrates
3 GIs na-ba-lu su GIS.GIGIR sd NA4 three
in boats, (while) I kept to the dry land at
n.-s (parallel: 5 GIS pitnu) belonging to a
their side OIP 2 74:70 (Senn.); mimma aqru
chariot for(?) stones ARMT 19 460:5, cf. x sd
binut tdmti na-ba-li sibutat matisunu nisirti
GIs na-ba-lu GAL ibid. 7.
sarruti everything valuable, the creatures of
It is uncertain whether there is any sea and land, the yield of their country, royal
connection between this word and nubalu. treasures 2R 67:63 (Tigl. III); sarrdni a ahi
tdmti qabal tdmti u na-ba-li ... tamartasunu
nabalu s.; arid land, dry land; MB, MA, kabittu ina mahrija iSsinimma kings from
SB, NB; wr. syll. (PA.RI.IM VAB 4 106 ii 20); the seashore, from islands (lit. the middle of
cf. abalu B. the sea), and from the mainland brought
[a.$a].parim(PA.KAs 4 ) - na-ba-lu Hh. XX their heavy tribute before me Streck Asb. 8 i
Section 4:22; [...], [...].fa(?)1 = na-ba-lum 69, cf. ibid. 73; I added territory to that of
Hh. XX Section 10:7f.; ba-ri-im unRux BAR1 = my predecessors mdlak arhi UD.20.[KAM] ina
[na-ba-lu] EaVI iii C 9'; PAPa-rl-imKAS 4 = na.[ba-
lu], KI.la-al-'UD.A = M N [4d ... ] Antagal III
qabal tdmti u na-ba-[li] for a distance of a
103f.; PA.KAS4 - na-pa-l[um] CBS 13924 iv 23' month and twenty days over sea and land
(Nabnitu XXII); UD = MIN (ma-ad-du) Sd PA.KAS4 Thompson Esarh. pl. 17 iv 24 (Asb.); ina tdmti
Antagal VIII 149. u na-ba-ligerretisu usabbit I seized his supply
gii.gi parim bi.[in.gar] : apa na-ba-la ilkun routes on the sea and on the mainland
he made the reedbeds (and) dry land CT 13 37:32;
gil.ma.nu parim.ma du.a.ginx(GIM) : kima Streck Asb. 16 ii 53, also AAA 20 84:82, cf. ibid.
eri ina na-ba-li u emanni he has made me like an 87:137, Piepkorn Asb. 40 ii 46; URU.MES eqleti
ash tree on dry land SBH p. 10 No. 4:131f. nara u na-ba-lu subat edurega ana Istar
pa-ra-at-tum = na-ba-lu (var. [pa]-ha-fat1-t ) beltija addin (see eduri usage b) CT 36 7:13
Malku II 43.
and 21, dupl. BIN 2 33:13 (Kurigalzu I), cf. iD
a) arid land (in contrast to irrigated, and na-ba-la ... uzakk;u RA 66 164:28, 172:58
therefore inhabited, land): dalniunu umas (both MB kudurrus); aldniu Mit na-ba-li ekim
deruma ina na-ba-li alar summi madbariis Muma I took away from him his cities on the
innabtu they abandoned their cities and fled mainland Borger Esarh. 110 § 71 r. 9, cf. ina
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nabartu nabasu
na-ba-li (in broken context) Iraq 13 23 ND libbi GI§ na-bar-ti usi nimma for my royal
400:2 (Tigl. III); ana massarti Esagil u Babili pleasure they let a fierce lion of the desert out
la naskun na-ba-lum (var. PA.RI.IM) there was of his cage Streck Asb. 308 8 1.
no dry land (at the bank of the Euphrates) to
protect Esagil and Babylon PBS 15 79 ii 49, nabaru s.; cage, trap; lex.*; cf. ba'dru.
VAB 4 106 ii 20 (Nbk.); 60 ammat appa DA.NUM gis.az.bal, gis.kab.az, gis.az.l = na-ba-ru
ana Puratti aksurma na-ba-lam absimma I Hh. VI 196ff.; giL.az.bal - na-ba-ru = na-bar-
made a strong levee sixty cubits (wide?) along turn Sd UR.MAH, gis.kab.az = na-ba-ru = na-bar-
tum Hg. A I 95f., Hg. B II 40f., in MSL 6 76ff.;
the Euphrates and created dry land VAB 4
az.l -= na-ba-ru ErimhuS VI 33; ga.ab.zi =
118 iii 17 (Nbk.); eqla ultu mdme uselAmma nana-si-h[u], na-ba-r[u], a-6a-ri-d[u] Izi V 116ff.
ba-lis useme I caused a field to rise out of the na-ba-ru, RIB-hu, fur-ru,ra-a-tu = lib-bu Malku
water and turned (it) into dry land OIP 2 V 4ff.
96:76, also (with utir) ibid. 99:49, 119:17 (all
Senn.). nabasit adv.; like red wool; SB; cf.
nabdsu.
2' in lit.: urid ana ndri ittabak surpu ild
ana na-ba-li himitta itbuk usir ana buri ittabak me nadrtisu ... ina dami qurddiu isrupu
Suripu ild ana na-ba-li himitta itbuk he went na-ba-si-is with the blood of his warriors he
dyed the water of his canals as red as red wool
down to the river and poured ice on it, he
came up to the dry land and poured scorching Winckler Sar. pl. 34:130; ,a masak PN ham
heat(?), he bent over the well and poured ice md'i isrupu na-ba-si-is who dyed the skin
on it, he came up to the dry land and poured of the usurper PN as red as red wool Lyon
scorching heat(?) on it AfO 17 358:21 and 23 Sar. 4:25.
(inc.); Sa nari qilani la na-ba-li simd amassu
you of the river, listen, you of the dry land, nabassu see nabasu.
hear his word Maqln I 64, cf. ,ut me ndri u
na-ba-li Surpu VIII 0; belet na-ba-li sarur nabasu (napdsu, nabassu, nabdsu) s.;
kullati goddess of the mainland(?) who (a red-dyed wool); OB, Nuzi, SB, NB; cf.
illuminates the universe K.3371:20, joined to nabdsis.
Craig ABRT 2 16:2; kibri riiqu nesis na- [sig.h .me.d]a = na-ba-su, ta-rL-ri (error for
ba-[lu] the beach is far from him, the dry tabarri, followed by uqndtu and takiltu) Hh. XIX
78-78a; [sfg.h .me.da] = na-ba-su = dar-[x],
land remote from him ZA 61 52:50 (SB hymn
ta-bar-[ru] Hg. C II 3f., in MSL 10 139; [sig].h6.
to Nabui); hur-ru u na-ba-li P15.MES [...] me. [da] = na-ba-8u i = x [x x] Hg. E 63, in MSL
K.3366 r. 9, cf. [...] na-ba-la kE me ndri 10 142; sig.4h.me.da = [n]a-ba-su = x-[x-x]
KAR 334 r. 10 (hymn to Istar). Hg. B IV 308, in MSL 8/2 170.
me.da dr.an.na sig.h6(var. .he).me.da.
nabartu s.; 1. fishing place, 2. trap, cage; ginx(IM) su.a.ES ur5 h.en.na.nam.ma :
OB, SB; cf. ba'dru. [iSid] gam kilma na-ba-i sarip Mi lu kiam the
horizon is as red as dyed wool, may it be so Lugale
gi .az.bal = na-ba-ru= na-bar-turm sa UR.MAH, IV 45; sig.ga.r[ig.ak sig.1h.me.da] sig.za.
gi$.kab.az= na-ba-ru=na-bar-tum Hg. A I 95f., gin.na ul a.zi.da u[1l .gub.ba ... ga]r.ra.ab
Hg. B II 40f., in MSL 6 76ff. (syll. Sum.: si.iq.qa.a.ri.ka [9]i.gi.h6.im.da
sig.za.gin.na ul.la a.zi ul.la a.gub.ba
1. fishing place: kima ... ana na-ba-ar- gi.ir.zu.s6 in.gar) : pu-Pik-ka na-b[a-sa ... ]
tim ana aldkim la taddinajsunl[ti] temsu ul-la [6ull-[me-la ... ] (var. pu-si-[k]a-an-na-ba-sa
uterram he reported to me that you did not uq-na-a-ftil ul-la-a ina ZAG ul-la-a ina Su-me-li ina
let them (the fishermen) go to the place for le-pi-[ka] a-kun) ZA 62 72:16, var. from STT
197:24ff.; gu.h6.me.da.sikil.la ... sig,.sig,.
catching (fish) PBS 7 112:13 (OB let.), also
igi.a.ni.se a.zi.da.a.ni.se a.ba.ni.ke4i : qd-e
ibid. 9. na-b[a-si] elltti ... ana amurriqdni §a nSu ina
imnilu rukussuma for the jaundice in his eyes bind
2. trap, cage: see Hg., in lex. section; pure strands of red-dyed wool to his right side
ana mlulti [rubitija neja] ezzu la sriu idtu ASKT p. 86-87 ii 45, see Borger, AOAT 1 8.
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nabasu nabatu
a) in lit. (in comparisons only, and always 3. II/2 to become bright, 4. sunbutu to
with sardpu): summa awilum Sdrassu kima make bright, resplendent, 5. III/2 (uncert.,
na-ba-si sarpat if a man's hair is as red as passive to mng. 4), 6. IV to flare up(?),
dyed wool AfO 18 66 ii 35 (OB physiogn.), cf. 7. itanbutu to gain radiance, to shine
summa SiG qaqqadiu kima na-ba-as-si sarpat brightly; OB, MB, SB; *ibbut - inabbut
Kraus Texte 3b ii 52, dupl. 4c ii 26'; damgeunu (inambut), II, 11/2, III, III/2, IV, IV/3
kima na-pa-si (var. na-pa-a-si) Sadi lu asrup (ittanbit - ittananbit/ittananbat); wr. syll.
with their blood I dyed the mountain as red and UL; cf. muttanbitu, nibtu.
as dyed wool AKA 272 i 53 and 301 ii 18 (both
Asn.); dame qurddisunu kima na-ba-si talbit mu-ul MUL = na-pa-hu-um, na-ba-fit-um MSL 2
calnisunu lu asrup with the blood of their 132 vi 58f. (Proto-Ea); mu-lu MvrL = na-ba-fi,
warriors I dyed the outskirts of their cities na-pa-hu A II/6 ii 29f.; mul = na-ba-fu Lanu B
iii 9; mul = na-ba-fu, kar.kAr = MIN Ad u 4 -me,
as red as dyed wool 1R 30 iii 12 (Samsi-Adad al. = MIN d MUL Antagal G 205ff.; §u-un MTL =
V), cf. Rost Tigl. III p. 66:48; mesa asrup na-ba-fu Ea II 279.
kima na-ba-as-si I dyed its (the river's) water ha-ad UD = na-ba-tu A III/3:86; ul UD =
as red as dyed wool Streck Asb. 26 iii 43, for n-a-bafum ibid. 118; pe-es-pe-[es] [UD.uD] =
[na-ba]-fu ibid. 134; fdel-e RI = na-b[a-fu] A 11/8
other refs. see sardpu B mng. la-l'. ii 25; dilR = na-ba-fu Antagal G 192; [k]u-un PA=
b) in econ.: 1 TUG Sa na-pa-z[i] ana LU na-ba-fu (var. na-ba-a-fi) Ea I 300; [ha-ad-ha]-[ad1
Apili HSS 13 152:15 (Nuzi); exceptionally in PA.PA = rnal-ba-fum A 1/7:14; ku-uln]kun,
hu-rudlpA, IM(?), mul.mul = na-[ba-fu] CBS 13294
NB: 4-ta TUG [na-hal]-ap-tum na-ba-su Nbn. iv 6'ff. (Nabnitu); ul = na-[ba-tu], ul.ul = i-[tan-
78:7. bu-fu] CT 12 14 K.8662 iv 28f. (group voc.).
[mul] .mul = i-ta-an-pu-hu-um, i-ta-an-bu-ft-um
From MB on, the log. SIG.H.ME.DA has Proto-Izi I Bil. Section B 15f.; Mtmu-muM =
the reading tabarru, see Ungnad NRV Glossar i-tan-bu-fu, PAh u-ud-MINpA = MIN .d MUL.MES
160 and Landsberger, JCS 21 162. The two Antagal D 230f.; kAr.[kA]r, mul.[mul], sag.
kinds of wool written syllabically takiltu and m u.m6, kAr.x = i-ta-an-[bu-fu] CBS 13294 iv
10'ff. (Nabnitu); hu-ud UD - nu-ub-bu-4u A
tabarru correspond to the logograms SIG.ZA. III/3:26.
GIN.KUR.RA and SIG.IE.ME.DA; since the na 4 gi.nux(sIm) su u4 .ginx(GIM) kar.kar.ka
reading takiltu is established for the first of (later version: na 4 gis.nux.gal su.na ut.ginx
these logograms, the second is to be read kAr.kar.ra.kex(KID)) : NA 4 MIN Id zumurau kima
tabarru. Moreover, sif.H].ME.DA is followed ume it-ta-na-an-bi-fu alabaster whose body is
shining like daylight Lugale XII 3; xKtr.o za.
by SiG ta-kil-ti in PEQ 1900 P.261:1, which gin.na mul.mul.la.mu.de : ina hurasu uqni
further speaks in favor of the reading tabarru. i-tan-bu-ti-ia when I shine (like) gold and lapis
Note also the equivalence SiG.t1E.ME.DA = lazuli TCL 15 16:35, dupl. 2N-T 345:4; si
tab-ri-bu Practical Vocabulary Assur 206. The se.er.zisi.dUtu mmul.ula.ginx(GIM) : qarnaau
kima Jarur ami it-ta-na-an-bi-fu his horns gleam
NB occ. is exceptional and unique. like the radiance of the sun BA 10 83 No. 9 r. 14f.,
In KAR 62:20, Istar UD-du-ma na ba su dupl. 4R 27 No. 2:21f.; ul,.gal mul.mul UD.SAR
andku a-ta-Sd is obscure; the expected phrase ku.gi.es dalla : arhi it-ta-na-an-bit askaru
elliA 9iupu he (the moon) gains in radiance proudly,
is IStar iddima (sipassu)andku asi. the crescent has appeared brilliantly 4R 25 iii 50f.;
Landsberger, JCS 21 155 n. 90, and p. 168. ku.babbar.sig5 .ginx mu.sir.bi hu.um.ta.
had : kima sarpi surrupi rufliu lit-tan-bit (see
nabasu see napdsu. garpu A lex. section) CT 17 23 iii 182f.; mul.ginx
ha.ba.mul : kicma kakkabu lit-tan-bi-[it] Hunger
naba§tuhu see namaSSu'u. Uruk 137: 11f.
Mrmu-mu'ur = i-tan-bu-fu RA 17 124 + 183 iii 10
nabliu see nabasu. (comm.); AL.A = na-pa-fu 2R 47 K.4387 ii 31
(astrol. comm.); RI na-ba-fu ACh IStar 2:34;
nabattu see nubattu A. so,(KAX SA) na-ba-ftu ACh Supp. Itar 33:21; su /
na-ba-fu TCL 6 17:17 (astrol. comm.).
nabtu v.; 1. to shine brightly, to become
bright, 2. nubbutu to make resplendent, tu-id-an-baf 5R 45 K.253 vi 48 (gramm.).
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nabitu nabafu
1. to shine brightly, to become bright - age belitika sa kima Etemenanki 4-Sd-an-
a) said of the moon and stars: summa (MVL. ba(var. -bi)-tu (var. unammari) Ehalanki the
AS.GAN) kima dipari i-nam-bu-ut if the Iku crown of your lordship which makes Ehalanki
star (= Pegasus) shines like a torch Rm. shine like Etemenanki Cagni Erra I 128.
95 ii 9, also Summa IGI-ma kima diparii-nam-
bu-ut ACh Istar 26:30; summa set arhisu b) statues: salme iltiSunu ... 4-Sd-an-
magal i-nam-bu-ut if the light of the moon bi-tu kima Samsi I made statues showing
shines very brightly ACh Supp. 2 Sin la iii 26, them in their divine majesty shine like the
LBAT 1530: 11, dupl. 1529:13; summa Sin ina sun Borger Esarh. 84 r. 38; zimeSunu ukkulutu
sahatisu i-nam-bu-ut if the moon at its 4-d-an-bit I made their (the gods' and
rising(?) shines brightly (parallel etu is dark goddesses') darkened faces shine again ibid.
line 18) ACh Supp. 2 Sin 3:19. 23 Ep. 32:15.
b) other occ.: ina imhullu i-nam-bu-tu c) other occs.: sukutta s4sa 4-Sd-an-bi-tu-
kakkesu his weapons flash in the evil wind ma Sumsukat eli Sa mahri they (the wise men)
STC 1 205:15, see Ebeling Handerhebung 94. made this jewelry gleam (again), but now it
is worse than before Cagni Erra IIb 21, cf. ibid.
2. nubbutu to make resplendent: ana ... 23 and 30; [kima kak]kaba buriimu Saririuu
sikitti Ezida kissi rabbi mis nu-ub-bu-ti to 4-sa-an-bi-it I made (the ship's) brilliance as
make the appearance of Ezida, the awe- resplendent as the stars of heaven VAB 4
inspiring sanctuary, as resplendent as day- 156 v 28 (Nbk.); ana Su-un-bu-ut zimeja ubbub
light BBSt. No. 5 ii 16 (MB). subdteja to make my face shine, to make my
3. II/2 to become bright: if Pegasus clothes clean Cagni Erra I 141; girru labis
innamirma ut-tab-bat appears and becomes melamme Aa ana su-un-bu-ut namrirriSu
bright (parallel utakkal becomes dark ibid. 29) kabtiitu ilii ... ihuzu puzrati lion clad in
ACh Istar 26:28. awesome splendor, at the flaring up of whose
great radiance the gods went into hiding
4. unbutu to make bright, resplendent - Bollenriicher Nergal 50:9; [S]u-un-b[u-tu] niiru
a) buildings: bita sudti sassis -du--an-bi-it katim gimir dadme ZA 10 295 Si.9:10; sa
I made this temple shine like the sun kima ime u4-d-an-ba-t[u x] (in broken
VAB 4 68:30 (Nabopolassar), cf. 4-sa-an-bi-it context) Cagni Erra I 157; [... un-b]u-tu
saSidnisibid. 124 ii 45, also 152 iii 42, PBS 15 nipih[Sa] (in broken context) AfK 1 28:34.
79 i 87, CT 37 7 i 34 and 11 ii 16 (all Nbk.), VAB
4 222 ii 13 (Nbn.); [4]-sa-an-bi-ta duTV-[nis] 5. 111/2 (uncert., passive to mng. 4):
I made (Esagil) shine like the sun AfO 13 haditi ubassiru kabattaSu ul-tam-[bit(?)1 (or
205:16 (Asb.); sikkdt karri hurasi kaspi u UL-per-fdul,var. ipperdu) when they told
siparri ana suklultisin almiinatima 4-sd-an- my ill-wisher this good news, her spirit
bi-ta bunnisin I studded (the palaces) all rejoiced Lambert BWL 46:118 (Ludlul II), from
around entirely with knobbed nails glazed pl. 74 VAT 10569:118.
in gold, silver, and bronze (color) and thus
6. IV to flare up(?): SI.MES-Z4 nengula //
made their facade resplendent Rost Tigl. III
nen-bu-ta (if Scorpius') horns are ....
p. 76:32; ina gassi u itti 4-sd-an-bi-tu zimiiu
variant: shining Thompson Rep. 223A r. 6.
I made its (the temple's) facade gleam with
(white and black) gypsum and asphalt 7. itanbutu to gain radiance, to shine
BHT pl. 6 ii 14 (Nbn. Verse Account), cf. kima brightly (ingressive to mng. 1) - a) said of
ime zimiZu u-sd-an-na-bi-it VAB 4 232 i 32 stars: umma MUL.SIPA.ZI.AN.NA MUL.ME§-Ai
(Nbn.); I plated the temple's doors with gold it-ta-na-an-bi-tu if the stars of Orion gain
and thus bitu ana DN ... u-sa-an-[bi-it] radiance Thompson Rep. 86 r. 6; umma
SariZriu I made the temple's brilliance d2arur u dSargaz Aa ziqit MUL Zuqaqipi it-
resplendent for Nabfi VAB 4 152 iii 58 (Nbk.); tan-na-an-bi-tu if Sarur and Sargaz in the
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naba'u nabihu
sting of Scorpius keep shining brightly The ref. pitiq siparri 9u-ub-bu-' (pillars)
Thompson Rep. 272:7, also 95 r. 5 and 209:1; produced in bronze casting OIP 2 97:84
summa UL.AS.GAN kakkabfsu retitu it-ta-na- (Senn.) should most likely be emended to
an-ba-(u if the first-ranking stars of Pegasus su-up-pu-ku.
keep shining brightly K.230:4, but it-ta- For TU (TCL 6) 17:8 see napahu. For CH xlii 63
na-an-bi-tu ibid. 2, wr. UL.UL.MES ibid. r. 11 see AHw. 1167b s.v. gapahu.
and 13 (Enuma Anu Enlil); summa UL.GU.LA *nabi'u B (*napau, *napahu) v.; to
ina tamartisu kakkabdni sa pi-it KA-S i it-ta-
plunder; SB; I (only part. attested); cf.
na-an-bi-tu if when Aquarius(?) rises, the nabi'u.
stars of its gaping mouth(?) shine brightly
Bab. 7 232 (pl. 17):8; summa MUL.EN.TE.NA. na-bi-' (var. na-pi-', na-pi-ih) GN he who
BAR.HUM MUL.ME-tijhi-i-bu istenid it-ta-na- plundered the land of Kammanu Winckler
ba-tu (vars. it-ta-na-an-ba-tum, it-ta-na-an- Sar. pl. 38:23; na-a-bi-' (var. na-bi-') GN he
bi-tu) if the stars of Centaurus(?) .... shine who plundered the city of Carchemish Lyon
brightly together ACh Istar 21:54 (coll.), dupl. Sar. 4:26, Iraq 16 199:21; na-pi-' Sinuhti Lyon
LKU 104:6 and 120:17. Sar. 14:24; na-bi-' GN (parallel to aslul GN)
Borger Esarh. 52 B ii 42.
b) said of the face: [sa] kima iime it-tan-
bi-tu zim[iisa] (Ningal) whose face was nabazu v.; to bleat (said of goats); SB.*
shining brightly like the daylight Streck Asb. lu sa kima enzi i-nab-bu-zu lu sa kima
288:4; a ina same bunnanniuu it-ta-an-bi-tu imeri i-nam-ga-gu be it (a demon) who
(Nergal) whose face became bright in heaven bleats like a goat, be it one who brays like
again and again BiOr 6 166:3 (hymn to Nergal); a donkey AfO 14 146:103 (bUt mesiri).
[kima ime] li-tan-bi-tu zimka may your face
For CT 41 13:2, see napasu.
become bright like the daylight JRAS 1920
567:29 (SB list of blessings). nabbillu see nappillu.
c) other occs.: alabaster sa kima ime nabbu see ndbu A.
it-ta-na-an-bi-it which shines brightly like
daylight VAB 4 276 iv 11 (Nbn.), of. Grayson
nabhatu (or naphatu) s.; (an object made
BHLT 72:19; [lu a.
. .. ] ta-at-ta-na-an-bi-ta(in of wood); OAkk.*
broken context, parallel: tattanaslima) AfO x GIs na-ab-ha-tum (ininventories) Reisner
17 314 D 3 (SB lit.); Venus [sa ... ] it-ta-na- Telloh No. 126 vii 10f., ITT 5 6972:2.
an-bi-tuKU [.. ] BMS 39:12, see Ebeling Hand-
nabhatu see nahbatu.
orhebung 128.
naba'u s.; (mng. uncert.); Ur III.* nabihu (or napihu) s.; (an ornament);
Ur III, OB.
8 kid na-ba-um gid 1 GAR 1 kui dagal 5
kud.ta ma.lugal.Se eight n. mats, each 13 12 na-bi-hu-um Ki.GI.si.sa ki.la.bi |
cubits in length (and) five cubits in width, ma.na izi.ku.bi 6 §e twelve n.-ornaments
for the king's boat (ig-Kizilyay-Salonen Puzris- of refined gold, their weight is two thirds of
Dagan-Texte 546:5. a mina, (allowance for) loss during the process
of manufacturing (is) six grains UET 3 395:1;
nabi'u A v.; to rise (said of a flood); x gin Kir.GI.huB.a na-bi-hu-um j gin.ta
SB; I inambu' - nabi'; cf. namba'u, nib'u. 1(.§e) na-bi-hu-um igi.3.gal.ta 1(.se)
[ina] libbi Satti anniti nagab GN i-nam- u na-bi-hu-um igi.4.g Al.ta 6. 5 ibid.
bu-'-a will the flood of the Tigris rise this 443:4-6, wr. na-bi- <hu>-um ibid. 516:3;
year? 79-7-8,84 iii 20 (SB tamtu, courtesy W. G. x gin kL.babbar II.da ... iXna-bi-hu-um
Lambert); summa ina qablidu na-bi-' [...] if igi.3.gal.ta 2. 8 ibid. 592:6, for other refs.
(a house) is .... in its middle CT 38 9:44 see Limet M6tal 221; 2 na-bi-hu-urm KJ.GI.
(SB Alu). HIS.A KI.LA.BI 1 GiN LA.j §E two n.-orna-
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nabihu nablu A
ments of shining gold weighing 179i "grains" ana daddari [... J fine beer, the staff of life,
Tell Asmar 1930,694 r. i 5 (early OB), of. ibid. 8, [turned] into a foul-tasting plant ZA 5 80
Toll Asmar 1931,473:11, Toll Asmar 1931,514:7, r. 10 (hymn of Asn. I).
and, wr. na-bi-hu-um (together with kam
kammdtum) Tell Asmaru 1931,489:5.
b) negated: issahpanni sret
i la nab-la-ti
a punishment from which there is no recovery
nabihu (nSbi'u) s.; insurgent, rebel; ()B. has struck me down Tn.-Epic "iv" 28, cf.
[... l]a-a nab-la-ti [...] AfO 18 42:8; ina
na-bi-hu = te-bu-u An VIII 81.
usi siltahi mihis la nab-la-ti amhassu with
muaeppi na-bi-hi (var. na-bi-i) who si- arrow after arrow I afflicted him with a
lences the rebels CH iv 59, var. from RA 45 wound from which there is no recovery
75 iv 13. Borger Esarh. 99:41, of. Nergal u I um mihi..
For CT 18 29b:4 (= Malku IV 179) sec nabu A la nab-la-ti imhas.usu Bauer Asb. 2 56 ii 6, also
v. lex. section. ibid. 70 d 7.
nabiriu see nabrd, A. For other refs. see napistu.

nablit adv.; like a flame; OB, SB; of.
nabIu see nab? adj.
nablu A.
naibiu s.;
*naba'uB.
plunderer; syn. list*; cf. .,umma awilum Sdrassu pIuam nadiatma
na-ab-li-is ibasi if a man's hair has a white
na-bi-'u (var. ia-bi-'-i), su-u-ru = Sd-li-lum lock and it lies like a flame AfO 18 66 ii 40
Malku I 101 f. (OB physiogn.); Saruru(var.adds -Au) na-ab-li
nabi'u see nabihu. (var. nab-li) nadi the radiance (of the sun)
is stretched out(?) like a flame ACh ama5 3:8,
*nablaltu s.; (a mixing vat?); Mari*; var. from BM 36319: 10.
pl. nablaltu; cf. balulu.
nablu A s.; 1. flame, 2. (a meteorological
.5 TrS .A.KI.[itlA .'a 3 na-ab-la-l[al-tim ina phenomenon, ball lightning?); OB, MB, SB;
GN ARM 7 259:4. pl. nablu; cf. nablig.
Possibly plural of nablalu, q.v. [g]a.an.zd.er = nab-lum CBS 13294 iv 25'
(Nabnitu XXII); [ga.an].z.er - na-.ab-luml
nablalu s.; mixing instrument (for beer); Proto-Izi I Bil. Section B 1, of. ga.an.ze.or =
NB; of. baldlu. na-a[b-lum] ibid. Section A 12, cf. also i.ddb,
n a ab -
ganzer, ga.an.zd.er Proto-Izi I 11ff.; NE -
wud sa dullu sirasutu ... 1 nab-la-la(?) 15 lu-nm (var. fnla-ab-lum) Proto-Izi I 4; [de].dal -
nam-ha-[ri] 5 nam-zi-ti the implements for nab-lum I Izi 175; ib.zalag nab-lurn BRM 4
the trade of brewer, one mixing instrument, 33 iv 3 (= 38) (group voc.); NIza-al-MINN = M
(= qa-mu-u) Id nab-li Antagal III 234; [NE]
15 jars, five mixing vats BRM 1 92:6; 2-ta
na-ab-lu, pentu Practical Vocabulary Assur 834f.;
oi§ bu-kan-nu 1-en GI nab-la-lum two 6-dub LACABX NE = pe[ndu], [nab-lu] A 1/2:266f.
pestles, one reed mixing instrument (imple- u.bu.bu de.dal.la ki.bal.a Abg.gA men :
ments of the brewer) VAS 6 182:24. 9a nab-lu-d muttaphutu ana mat nukurti izannunu
anaku I (Igtar) am the one whose burning flames
See also *nablaltu. rain down on the enemy land ASKT p. 129:15f.;
na 4 mal.da na dub.ba.an ga.an.ze.er NE.a
nablatu s.; healing, life-giving; OB, 8SB; : NA4 MIN NA4 MIN nab-lu naphutu - mada
ef. baldfu. stone, dubban stone, fiery flames Lugale XIII 16;
dumu.dUtu ga.an.ze.er.ta nam.<mu.un.da.
a) in gen.: kima elinu Ae annim na-ab-la-t ku,.ku4.de> : [it(?)]-ti DUU.rdUTU nab-li-<(e
(var. nab-Ni) MIN (- la terrubu) do not go into
la iba'S4 libb[ak]aidi you know that beyond
his (house) with the fireballs(?) of "the son of
this barley there is no food (available) Bamal" ASKT p. 92-93:30 and dupls., see Borger,
CT 52 170:15 (OB let.); kurunnu Aa nab-la-li' AOAT 1 10, WO 5 172f.; dMu.ul.lil.zi Mika(LA)
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nablu A nablu A
(text ad) barx(NE).barx.ra mu.un.[g ... ] : usaznin nab-li mulmulli eli malki I had fire
DID dEN.LfL.ZI ihilsa u nab-li [uaznan(?)] 4R 24 and arrows rain upon the rulers AKA 197
No. 2:17f.
anqullu = MIN (=- iStu) AN-e, tam-qu-[ull-lu =
iii 19 (all Asn.), cf. 3R 8 ii 68 (Shalm. III); eli mat
nab-lu LTBA 2 1 iv 30f., dupl. 4 ii 5, parallel mul- Aribi izannun nab-li (IHtar) let fire rain down
mul-lu - nab-lu ibid. 2:96; nab-lu = i-ga-td on the land of the Arabs Streck Asb. 78 ix 81;
ibid. 1 iv 24, dupl. 2:89. note [u]Saznan i nakrati tuqmatasa ki na-a[b]-
l[i] I (IStar) let the onslaught which is like
1. flame - a) destructive: musahmit
flames rain down in warfare VAS 10 213 i 5
kima nab-li erseti rapastu like a flame he
(OB lit.); isarru Enlil qablat ajdbi usaqtar
sets the vast land on fire Lambert BWL 136 :179
nab-la Enlil whirls in the midst of the
(hymn to Sama); nab-lu(var. -la) mustahmitu
enemies, he keeps the flame(s) smoking
zumursu umtalli he covered his body with
Tn.-Epic "ii" 26; atypical: na-ab-la-amHank
burning flames En. el. IV 40, cf. nab-li
ul [...] the Hanians do not [...] fire(?) (to
muhammetiiti mali zumurSa her body is
make weapons?) ARM 6 69 r. 8'.
covered with burning flames LKU 33:20
(Lamastu); ahiihkanab-lu muhammitu MI [... ]
c) as epithet of gods or kings: nab-lu
your brothers are flames which burn [...]
Lambert BWL 196:20 (Fable of the Fox); kima
surruhu sa ... ana mat nukurte guznunuma
the victorious flame which rains profusely on
Girri kubumma humut kima nab-li (var. nab-
the enemy country AKA 33 i 42 (Tigl. I), cf.
lim) scorch like fire, burn like flame Cagni
RN nab-lu hamtu ibid. 72 v 42; nab-lu mus:
Erra I 33; u tiiua girreti ihammatu ki nab-li
tahmitu Girra la anihu (Esarhaddon) burning
and the roads were as if burning like flames
flame, restless fire Borger Esarh. 97 r. 14,
(parallel: aqqullu ikabbabu ki isdti) BBSt. No. 6
cf. (Marduk) Girraezzu nab-lu muSahmit za'iri
i 18 (Nbk. I); [... ] uhammat nab-lu (in broken
Craig ABRT 1 30:32; note as a divine name:
context) 3R 38 No. 1:51 (Asb.), see Bauer Asb. 2
dNa-ab-lum = sukkal dBIL.GZ.kex(KID)
53 n. 3:7; si nasparti arrictija a kima nab-li
An = Anum II 342.
iqammi ajdbi iSmema the aforementioned
(king) heard my royal message which burns
d) other occs.: [mam]it kima nab-li(var.
the enemies like a flame Borger Esarh. 102 II i 1,
-lim) muttaprisi littapras may the "oath" fly
cf. itti IM.MAR.TU udatba [i]-id-te nab-li-i
away like a flying flame JNES 15 140:27'
qa-mu-in-nu STT 23:9 and dupl. 25:9 (SB
(lipgur-lit.); summa ndru m kajamanuitu
Epic of Zu), also ibid. 11; ina nab-li-suiitabbatu
ubilma ina libbisu nab-li NE istanahhitu if a
Saddni marsiuti the steep mountains are
river carries normal water, but in it flames of
destroyed by his (Enlil's) flame STC 1 205:16,
fire jump around incessantly CT 39 17:55 f., also
see Ebeling Handerhebung 94:16; ammini
ibid. 54 (SB Alu); [summa IZI].GAR nab-lu-su
ana ki-rim api ugguli tazarru nab-li [in]a
ub-lu-ma di-x-[...] CT 39 36 K.10423+ : 13,
qistisa sdbulat tuqattar qutra why do you
also nab-li-Su §UB.SB-di ibid. 12, cf. ibid.
spread flames to the .... of the .... reed-
35:72 (all SB Alu).
thicket, let smoke rise from the dried forest?
Lambert BWL 194 r. 15; dfira ... qarrddeja
kima nab-li iirialu uSalbi I had my warriors 2. (a meteorological phenomenon, ball
surround the wall's moat as if with a flame lightning?) - a) in meteorological omens:
KAH 2 84:66 (Adn. II); sa kima nab-li (var.
[summa birqu i]briqma nab-li ukallam if the
na-ab-li) ittanasraru erih tdhassu whose lightning flashes fireballs ACh Adad 20:19;
fighting is quick as a flame which flares up Summa akukitu ... nab-li nast if the red
here and there AOB 1 112:13 (Shalm. I). glow (in the sky) bears ball lightning(?)
BSGW 67 58 r. 3, also TIM 9 84:19; [dumma
b) in warfare: ittiunu amdahis ... nab- birqu ... ] kima nab-li idtanahit(u) (GUD.UD.
lu eliunu u.aznin I fought with them, I GUD.UD) if lightning jumps around like n.
rained fire on them AKA 335 ii 106, 233 r. 24; ACh Supp. 2 Adad 97 r. 4.
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nablu B nabnitu
b) in lit.: zunnani kima kakkabi mitaq- dNin.imma(sIG7 ) = EN nab-nit bu-un-na-n-e
qutani kima nab-li rain down like shooting EN mim-ma [gumku] CT 25 49 r. 2 (list of gods);
dNu.dim.mud = dAT-a a nab-ni-t[i] ibid. 48:4.
stars, strike continually like ball lightning(?)
AMT 12,1 iv 47 + K.3465 (SB inc.), see Lands- 1. offspring, progeny, product - a) off-
berger, JNES 17 58, cf. ni-su kima nab-li spring, progeny - 1' of human beings: RN
TA(?) pu-ut same li-ta-na-qu-ta ina qaqqari ... nab-ni-tu ellutu sa RN, Shalmaneser, the
(see nisu) Craig ABRT 2 19:13 (NA), see also glorious offspring of Tukulti-Ninurta WO 1
ASKT p. 92-93:30, in lex. section. 9:3, 12:8, 390i 12, 456:26, WO 2 28i 16, 3R 7 i11
nablu B s.; (a vessel); NA.* (all Shalm. III); mare nab-ni-it libbigu ... ana
litute asbat I took as hostages the sons, his
5 azanndt kaspi qabudte mukarrisi [nab]-li offspring AKA 43 ii 47, of. AKA 41 ii 29 (Tigl.
nignaqq five silver quivers(?), qabitu vessels, I), Winckler Sar. pl. 45 D 10; mare nab-ni-it
mukarrisu bowls, n.-s, censers (among booty sarritigunu AKA 70 v 17 (Tigl. I), cf. mdreu
from Urartu) TCL 3 361 (Sar.), parallel [... ] nab-ni-i[t ... ] AfO 18 48 C 22 (Tn.-Epic); nab-
nab-li nig[naqqe] ibid. p. 78:38 (= Winckler ni-tu ellutu arru dapinu the glorious off-
Sar. pl. 45 B 25). spring, the strong king AAA 19 108 No. 272:6
The reading of the sign preserved in only (Asn.); sa diknat napigti nab-nit-si-naishirma
one copy is uncert.; possibly the word is to ul utir (var. iticr) arussun the offspring of
be read kal-li, see kallu. the living creatures diminished and I could
not replace them Cagni Erra I 137; kangatu
nablu C s.; (mng. unkn.); NB.* liptassira list nab-ni-tu may the sealed
(x wool) eSrd sa PN nab-li-sg(?) ana Ebabs (womb) be loosened, may the offspring come
bara ittadin tithe of PN, .... , he gave to out Kocher BAM 248 ii 54.
Ebabbar Nbn. 882:3.
2' of gods: marat Anim nab-nit(var.-ni-it)
The syntax is ambiguous, and the last ill rabUti (IStar) daughter of Anu, offspring
sign may not be the possessive suffix. of the great gods RA 49 180:16 (namburbi),
**nablf see mall v. mng. 8b-2', and cf. nab-nit a-[ra-al-li?] MVAG 21 80:5 (Kedor-
nablu A. laomer text); siknat nab-nit (var. nap-sat)
Dagan Adnintu Anu the offspring(?) of
nabnitu s.; 1. offspring, progeny, product, Dagan, the rival of Anu AfK 1 26 iii 28 (hymn
2. habitat, place of growth, 3. living to Sarrat-Nippuri); [...] nab-nit Ea [...]
creature, 4. appearance, stature, features; BBR No. 62:3; DN nab-ni-it-ka elletu Serua,
MB, Bogh., SB; cf. band B v. your holy offspring KAR 128 r. 30 (prayer of
[SIG7].ALAM = nab-ni-tum (followed by bunndnii) Tn.); Tidmat <a-di> nab-nit [qerbis]u sa
Nabnitu I 1, and passim in colophons of Nabnitu, AMur gar ill ana libbigu salti illaku Tiamat
also quoted BE 17 73a: 14; ALAM.SIG = nab-ni-tu, <with> the offspring of her womb, against
zimu Igituh I 398 f.; -lu-tim SIG.ALAM = nab-ni-ti
whom Augur, the king of the gods, goes to
Diri VI E 87; [mud] = nab-ni-t[um] Izi Bogh. B 5.
Istar u.tu diu.a.bi.e.ne gi SIG7 .ALAM battle OIP 2 140:11, restored from Tiamat
si.sa.kex(KID) : bdndt kalame muSteairat gimir adi nab-nit qerbigu ibid. 142 edge 2 (Senn.);
nab-ni-td ASKT p. 116:9f., cf. si.sa u.[...] : istenegret nab-nit-sa Sa Tidmat ibni u-x-x
muteirat [nabl-ni-ti BA 10/1 103:9f.; ki SIGy. her eleven creatures whom Tiamat had
ALAM ama.ugu.mu : agar nab-ni-it ummi alittija
where my mother who bore me gave birth to me created .... En. el.V 73, cf. ibid. IV 115, cf. also
5R 62 No. 2:36 (Sama--um-ukin); [...] ki MU dUMUN dKingi u dEret-nab-ni-is-sutazaks
SIGy.ALA.bi mu.un.su.du : [...] -ak-li-la kar OECT 6 pi. 5 K.2727: 12, of. ibid. 8, see Lam-
nab-nit-sa Rm. 112:6f. (courtesy W. G. Lambert). bert, JSS 14 251; ,a bunndn Siituru nab-nit
li-da-a-tu, na-ab-ni-tu = i-li.-it-tum Explicit
sarri danni (Nabi) whose figure is excellent,
Malku I 314f.; nab-ni-tu = ma-a-ru LTBA 2 4 iv 17
and dupl. 2:286; [...] nab-ni-t[u] (comm. on the offspring of the strong king KAR 104:4
En. el. I 4) CT 13 32:2. (hymn to Nabi).
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nabnitu nabnitu
b) product: puhadi e-lu.MES nab-ni-it mdtikunu liprus let Belet-ili, the goddess of
libbidunu ana biblat libbija itti niqeja ... lu living creatures, put a stop to progeny in
attaqi together with my (other) offerings I your country Wiseman Treaties 437; Belet-ili
offered lambs of alu sheep, native to their sarratu rabitu pdtiqat nab-ni-te
Belet-ili, the
(region), as a voluntary sacrifice AKA 90 vii great queen, who forms creatures 4R 56 ii 10,
13 (Tigl. I); abne nasquti ... nab-nit hfurdni see ZA 16 158 (Lamastu inc.), cf. (NabU) ilitti
sa Ea ana gipir beliti simat melammi ... Arua sarrat patiqat nab-ni-ti 5R 66 i 21
i§imsunuti precious stones, a product of the (Antiochus I); bdndt nisi gimir nab-ni-ta(var.
mountains, for whom Ea had determined the -ti) (Blet-ili) who creates mankind and all
glorious fate of being used in a royal under- creatures BMS 9:40, see Ebeling Handerhebung
taking Borger Esarh. 83:31, cf. ibid. 88 r. 14, 68:13, also bandt nab-[ni-ti] MDP 2 p. 113 ii 1;
cited mng. 2; aladlamme nab-nit eri bull- bdnd salmat qaqqadi bel nab-ni-[til (Nabi)
colossi made of copper OIP 2 109 vii 20, 123:30 who has created mankind, the god of living
(Senn.); undti hiihti Esagil nab-nit(?) hurdsi beings Streck Asb. 278:10; Ea ... ban
kas[pi] the furnishings needed in Esagil, made nab-nit pdtiq kullat mimma Sumsu Ea, who
of gold and silver Borger Esarh. 24 vi 7; piri'sa creates creatures, who forms everything
lu'tu sibissa milt[u] nab-ni-sa damu u sarku Borger Esarh. 79:4; belu mustesir kissat niM
her hair is filth, her grip is death, her prod- gimir nab-ni-ti lord, who keeps all mankind
uct(?) is blood and pus Kocher BAM 105:2, and every creature on the right path BMS 1
dupl. STT 97 iv 25. r. 53, also Ebeling Handerhebung 32:2, BBR
No. 26 iii 61, cf. gimir nab-ni-ti (in broken
2. habitat, place of growth: Bel u Beltija
context) CT 13 34 DT 41:7 (SB lit.), [n]aphar
... ina qereb A9Mur ibbandma . .. DN DN2 DN 3
nab-nit Lambert BWL 174:6; [da-6]d-me
ina qereb Assur asar nab-ni-it ill innepsuma
tusabbasa tuhallaqa nab-nit you (Nisaba)
uStaklila (text usaklila) nab-ni-su-un ina ...
gather up settlements, you destroy creatures
V
sariru rug nab-ni-it KTJR Aralli ... usarrih
ibid. 170 i 34; [bun]nanne amiliti siknatu
gattasun Bel and Beltija were created in
napistu iptiq na-ab-ni-[...] PSBA 20 158 r. 4
Assur, Blet-Babili, Ea, and Madanu were
(acrostic hymn to Nabui).
made in Assur, where the gods are created,
and their features were made perfect, I made
4. appearance, stature, features - a) of
their figures sublime with shining sarzru
persons and gods: istu ... DN ibsimu na-ab-
gold, a product of Arallu Borger Esarh.
ni-ti ina ummu after Marduk had created
88 r. 13f., see Landsberger Brief n. 38; ultu qereb
my features (when I was still) in my mother's
hurdni asar nab-ni-ti-is-nu (var. nab-ni-ti-
(womb) VAB 4 122 i 25 (Nbk.); gattaki usarrih
*i-nu)ana hiihti ekallija ... uSaldiduni
nab-nit-ki usabbi I made your stature
I had (stones) carried from the region inside
splendid, I made your features perfect
the mountains, the place where they origi-
Maqlu VII 69, cf. ibid. 61; DN ... usabbd
nated, (to Nineveh) for the needs of my
nab-ni-it-su Sin created his features CT 36
palace Borger Esarh. 61 v 81, cf. asar nab-ni-
21:11 (Nbn.), of. OIP2 117:4 (Senn.), cited mng. 3;
ti-Mu (in broken context) AO 13 205:18
Sa DN ... uSarrihunab-nit-su whose features
(Asb.); nab-nit-,i-na (in broken context,
Ninmenna had made splendid VAS 1 37 ii 54
parallel supurigina) AMT 7,1 ii 11.
(Merodachbaladan); ina iStardti Siturat nab-
3. living creature: DN belet nab-ni-ti ina ni-sa her appearance excels among the god-
asurri agarinni 5littija kini ippalsannima desses AKA 206 i 2 (Asn.); samhat nab-nit(var.
usabba nab-ni-ti Belet-ili, the goddess of -ni)-su sarrir nisi inisu his (Marduk's)
living creatures, looked kindly upon me, and stature is exuberant, his glance is frighten-
created my features (while I was still) in my ing(?) En. el. I 87; labbuma Jamrukma Anzi
mother's womb OIP 2 117:3f. (Senn.), cf. Janid nab-ni-ta they rage and are furious,
DN DINoIR belet nab-ni-ti(var. -ti) tdlittu ina (their) appearance is strange like the Anzi-
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nabramu
bird's Tn.-Epic "ii" 37; the great gods [nab]- [gi.kid.x.x] = na-ab-ra-ar-tum Hh. VIII 322f.;
ni-te ana nab-ni-ti EN-ti ustennd changed my gi.kid.nig.nigin.na, gi.kid.A.ur.ra = na-
a[b-ra-ar-tum] Hh. VIII 326c-d, see MSL 9 178.
stature into the stature of a king(?) KAH 2
84:6, also ibid. 90:7, 91:10 (Adn. II); ramangu nabrarf s.; open field; SB.
kima ramanija uzu-[gi] kima nab-niti vzu-
[ia] IM KUR KU.MES igkura uballilma let him [tu-Sa]-ru, [x-x]-x-u, n[ab-r]a-ru-u = fe-e-ru
Malku II 23ff.; [...]-ru-u - tu-a-ru, [...]-ru-u =
be like me, let [his] flesh be like the appear- tar-pa-.u RA 14 167 iv 4f. (Explicit Malku).
ance of [my] flesh - I mixed clay from the
pure mountains with wax (I made a figurine imis gru ana sumqut napsdteu u<nu> nab-
of him) LKA 85 r. 8, parallels: vzu-,i kima ra-ru-u rapSu ana qubburisunuihliq the plain
uzu [(x) nab-ni]-it UZU.MES adi ellufti lipa was too small for .... their bodies(?), the
ikcura ablul KAR 267:18, [...] nab-ni-it broad countryside had been consumed in
UZIT KUR-[i ... ] AMT 97,1:25. burying them 3R 8 ii 100 (Shalm. III).
Possibly to be connected with the geo-

b) of statues and artifacts: aladlamme
graphical name Nabrard, e.g. TCL 11 158:9,
siriiti sa suklulu nab-ni-tu magnificent bull-
190:4, TCL 7 48:6, and the "Flurname" A.SA
colossi, whose features are perfect OIP 2
na-ab-ra-ru YOS 8 114:1 (all OB).
109 vii 12, 122:27, cf. uaklila nab-ni-su-un
ibid. 109 vii 19, 123:30 (all Senn.), cf. also Borger nabritu A s.; (mng. unkn.); OA*; cf.
Esarh. 88 r. 13, cited mng. 2; ina hursi kaspi
bard A v.
abne nisiqti agmura nab-nit-sa 1 completed
its features (those of Marduk's ceremonial u na-db-ri-tdm assuhdrtim ebilam na-db-
chariot) with gold, silver, and precious stones ri-tum [lu] rabiat send me (ten shekels of
Streck Asb. 148 x 34, dupl. Thompson Esarh. pl. gold) and a n. for the girl, the n. should be
14 i 42, cf. [... u]gstir nab-nit-sa (in broken large BIN 6 90:15 and 17; kaspam 1 GIN sa
context) Borger Esarh. 95 r. 20, also magurru i[na eqlim] ammuru adi atta sahratini na-db-
sa nab-ni-is-sa (in broken context) BBR ri-tdm annitam ina GN ana qiptija ld-db-ri-ma
No. 16 r. 16; ibni apu u qistu ana sipir nab-ni- for every shekel of silver that I find abroad,
t [i-ki] ibni DN DN 2 DN 3 ana muaklil dipir I will check this n. in GN for my commission
na[b-ni-ti-ki] (Ea) created reed thicket and as long as you stay there VAT 9301:45;
forest for the making of your shape (first uncert.: 15 shekels of silver ig-re-e na-b-
brick), he created DN, DN2 , and DN3 (the ri(?)-ti-ni VAT 9239:14.
patron gods of crafts) to be those who com-
nabritu B s.; (part of a plow); lex.*;
plete the making of your shape RAcc. 46:28f.
cf. nabri C.
gis.PA.GAB.apin, gil.igi.g&l.apin = nab-
nabramu s.; (mng. uncert.); syn. list.* ru-u, nab-ri-tu Hh. V 150f.
ka-gis-kdr-ak-ku = nab-ra-mu CT 18 3 K.4375
r. iii 29.
nabritu see nebritu.
The equation with kangiskarakku, q.v., nabriu see nabril A s.

and the occ. at the end of the section listing nabru s.; (a word for hand or wing);
tables suggest that nabramu is derived from syn. list.*
baramu A in the mng. "to engrave" and
denotes a type of ornamented table or tray. nab-rum = kap-pu Malku IV 229.
*nabrf (fer. nabritu) adj.; born on the

nabraq(q)u see namruqqu. day of the nabri festival (occ. as personal
name only); OB*; cf. nabrH A.
nabrartu s.; (a kind of reed mat); lex.* Na-ab-ri-tum CT 2 33:31 (OB).
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nabr A nabtu
nabrf A (nabriu, nabiriu) s.; 1. (name of the robing ceremony) BIN 2 129:4; nab-ru-li
a festival), 2. (name of a month); OAkk., SAG.DV nap-ta-nu sa PN Satam Eanna ina
OB, Mari, SB, NB; used mostly in the pl.; cf. muhbi PN2 u PN3 uSazzizu YOS 6 239:1, cf.
*nabrd adj. ibid. 5.
1. (name of a festival) - a) in Ur III, early 2. (name of a month) - a) in Ur III:
OB: a-mu-wa-tum sa na-ab-ri-i- amuwatum ITI Na-ab-ri-um Tell Asmar 1930,760 r. 1.
for the n.-feast RA 46 187 No. 5 r. 4 (=ARMT
19 381), see Gelb, RA 50 8; 1 UDU in na-ab-ri- b) in OB: ITI Na-ab-ri-i Loretz Chagar
Bazar No.2:9, 42 iv 31, Iraq 4 178 No. 379:9
i[m] IPN [ta]mhur rPN received one sheep at
the n.-feast ARMT 19 324*: 3; in Sum. texts: (Chagar Bazar), OBT Tell Rimah p. 267 s.v. na'
brim,UCP 10 129 No. 56: 15, 150No. 82: 2, No. 84: 6,
animals na-ab-ri-um.~ DN i DN2 for the
ITI Na-ab-ri-im ibid. 77 No. 2:9 (Ishchali), wr.
n.-feast of DN and DN2 Legrain TRU 282:9,
wr. na-bi-ri-um ibid. 272:3, for other refs. see ITI Na-ab-ru JCS 11 27 No. 16:1, r. 6, ITI Na-
MAD 3 100. ab-ri CT 4 50a:31, Na-ab-ri-i TCL 1 182:15
(Sippar), ITI Na-ab-ri-NI sa su-ga-li Figulla
b) in OB - 1' in gen.: lama na-ab-ru Cat. 1 No. 14049.
illakunimma before the n.-festival comes
Kraus AbB 1 30:25, cf. ibid. 19; ana na(!)-ab- c) in SB: summa ina nab-re-e kussu it-
tab-Si ND 5502 ii 3', cf. ammeni ina nab-re-e
ri-i kaddkka I shall have reached you before
the n.-feast TIM 2 90:11, of. CT 52 8: 11; ilam kussu ibbassi ibid. 5' (courtesy D. J. Wiseman).
ina na-ab-ri-i Surib let the god enter (the nabrt B s.; (a vessel); lex.
temple) at the (time of the) n.-festival
Suiner 14 25 No. 7:18 (Harmal let.); 1 GUD MU urudu.sen.&.la = nab-ru-u Hh. XI 396.
3 sa ... ana niqi na-ab-ri-i PN ilqzi one Because of broken context it cannot be
three-year-old ox which PN has taken for decided whether tamahhasma nab-ra-a [...]
the offering at the n.-festival Szlechter TJA in AMT 61,5:6 and dupl. 62,1:1 contains this
p. 26 H 10:4; silver, a headdress, and per- word.
fumed oil ina na-ab-re-e-em TCL 10 92:4;
ina na-ab-ri-i itti ahidtim Sa istu GN ana GN2 nabrf C s.; (part of a plow); lex.*; cf.
VAS 16 64:18, see Frankena, AbB 6 64; un- nabritu B.
cert.: Sitatim adssaeu a na-ab-ri-Sa likallim gi.PA.GAB.apin = nab-ru-u Hh. V 150.
TLB 452:18.
nabruq(q)u see namruqqu.
2' beside other feast days: ina elinim
pi-Sa-nam u SAH.TUR ina isinnim u na-ab-ri-i **nabsaru (mentioned sub basaru, CAD 2
ipaqqissi he will provide her with a basket (B) p. 134) see napzaru.
(of food) and a piglet at the elfnum feast, the
monthly festival, and the n.-feast CT 33 42:16, nabiu see nabSd.
also EZEN elinam u na-a<b-ri-i> ibid. 43:21;
nabtf (nabkiu) s.; 1. inaccessible place,
elinam na-ab-ri-i u ajaram pi-sa-nam ipaq
2. safekeeping, deposit; OAkk., OA; cf. baid.
qissi at the feasts of elinu, n., and ajaru he
will provide her with a basket (of food) 1. inaccessible place: (the man who would
Qig-Kizilyay-Kraus Nippur 161 r. 3, also CT 48 say) in na-ab-s~-i-su a-ra-bu-Su I will place (?)
17:3. (this inscription) in an inaccessible place
JAOS 88 56 iii 7 (Mar-kali-Marri).
c) in NB: linseed oil for 4 Ja Tebeti adi
nab-re-e 4 a abdti adi baja[ti] four (festivals) 2. safekeeping, deposit (OA): when they
of MN, including the n., four of MN,, in- paid the copper I owed to PN tuppia Sa
cluding the vigils (preceded by a 8 isMesdni bubullija uzisiuma ana PN, ana na-db-Mf-im
adi lubu.tu for eight eAdeu days, including ezibu i~mam iuppi PN, was~ram la imua they
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nabtu nabf
obtained my notes (stating) that I was ACh Sin 3:81-83 (coll.), vars. from dupl. K.3155: 7',
in debt and left them with PN2 for safe- cf. UD.14.KAM ina nab-te-e IGI.MES-ma ACh
keeping - now PN2 does not want to Sin 3:86; Sin ina ne-eb-te-e itti SamaS innam:
release my notes VAT 9223:10; tuppe ... marma the moon is seen on the horizon with
agar PN ana na-db-si-im nizib we left the the sun Thompson Rep. 86:3, of. (in broken
notes with PN for safekeeping BIN 6 54:21; context) [...] nab-te-e Sin u Sama [...]
3 tuppe PN ana PN2 ana na-db-se-e-em ipqid ibid. 277 V line a.
PN entrusted three notes to PN2 as deposit
Hecker Giessen 33:13; lu tuppi abuka lu aihuka nabfi (nabin) adj.; called; OAkk., OA, OB,
ana na-db-si-inm zibu or if either your father MB, SB; cf. nabu A v.
or your brother left the notes for deposit
gu.de.a = na-bu-um (var. na-bu-u) Kagal E
CCT 1 45:33; 40 MA.NA kaspam kunukkisu Part 3 i 7, var. from Kagal D Fragm. 7:9.
PN ana na-ab-si-im iddinakkum la iddinaks
Icum did PN give you forty minas of silver na-bu-u = Sar-ru LTBA 2 2:27.
with his seals for deposit or not? CCT 1 49b:7,

a) in gen.: RN na-bi-u DN Hammurapi,
also Hecker Giessen 15:8 and, wr. a-na-db-Wi-
(who was) called by Anu LIH 94:10, corr. to
im ibid. 14, parallel 40 MA.NA kaspam ana
gui.de.a An.na LIH 61:7 and 62:5 (- CT 21
na-db-i-im PN ezibakkum la ezibakkum did
43 and 45); [l]i-ri-is na-bi-i-[ga] let the one
PN leave forty minas of silver for deposit
(i.e., Samsuiluna) called by her (Nan&)
with you or not? BIN 4 105:8; 1 bilat 12
rejoice VAS 10 215 r. 27 (OB lit.); (Marduk)
MA.NA kaspam u 1 bilat annakam kunukkija
na-bi dSam-si §a hitbusu Nannari Sa Surbdta
ana na-db-si-im ana PN ... ezib I left x
iliissU KAR 360:10, see Borger Esarh. 91 § 61,
silver and x tin with my seals for deposit
dupl. Ebeling Parfiimrez. pi. 25:9; dannu na-
with PN TCL 19 62:6, also BIN 6 218:14;
bu-su-nu Sdkinu taklimi the strong one given
summa kaspam saqglam la imua ina na-db-
names by them, who sets up offerings En.
sii-,u ki-ma-ma ibassiu libgima if he does
el. VII 58.
not want to pay the silver, let it stay on
deposit with him just as it has been (up to b) in personal names: Na-bi-dEN.LIL.LA
now) TCL 20 116:16; 26 kutdni ... a-na-db- Called-by-DN RA 19 40 No. 20:12, for other
4s-e-ni bit PN ezib I left 26 kutdnu textiles as OAkk. refs. see MAD 3 195; Na-bi4 -li-4u
our deposit in PN's house CCT 1 20b :5; Called-by-His-God TCL 4 88:2, cf. Na-bi4-lim
unicti a ana na-db-si-im a.siti ... taddinu CCT 5 31c:11; Na-bi-dEn.lil OIP27 15:2, and
dinim give me my implements which my passim, Na-bi-Szi-in TCL 20 99:23, 187 r. 6, of.
wife gave you for deposit TCL 21 266:6, par- CCT 3 27a:28, but Na-db-Si-in BIN 6 136:6,
allel CCT 5 17a:5, in broken context: AnOr 6 268:7, Hecker Giessen 21:10, and passim in OA;
pl. 2 No. 7 r. 15, BIN 6 89:11. Na-bi-i-li-6u YOS 13 5:4, cf. Na-bi-Sin, Na-bi-
nabti (nebt) s.; horizon; SB. amas ibid. index p. 65, also Ranke PN 125f.;
Na-bi-dDam-gal-nun-naVAS 16 123:3, Na-bi-
(if both the disk of the moon and the disk dGu-la YOS 2 13:1, Na-bi-dNin.Aubur
of the sun) ina nab-te-e IGI.MES-ma AN.MI NU TCL 17 19:21, PBS 7 117:17, etc., note Na-ab-
GAR-an nab-tu-4 ina gihit Samas IGI KI IA ZI gamas CT 29 18a:6 (all OB); Na-bi-Enlil
nab-tu-u ina sdti MU.NI DUG 4 .GA KISI 4 ZI CBS 11003, cited Clay PN 109a (MB).
nab-tu-(var. -u) sd mut-ta-as-su zI-(<ZA-dt
(var. zI-dct) ina lidani qabi are seen on the For the meaning cf. nab4 A v. mng. 3.
horizon (at opposition), there will be no The NB personal name occurring in VAS
eclipse - the horizon is considered at sunrise 6 6:7 among non-Akkadian names, which
- KIST 4 ZI means n., it says in the commen- was read Na-bi-e(?)-si-ru, is epigraphically
tary, KiSI4 ZI means n., because half of it uncertain, and is probably the Aramaic name
is "torn out," it says in the vocabulary dNabe-idru.
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nabi A nabfi A
nabt A v.; 1. to name, to give a name, proclaimed the name of Babylon 4R 18 No. 1: If.
2. to invoke, 3. to summon, call a person (Akk. precedes); mu.ne.ne.a nam.du 0 mi.ni.
in.sa4 .a : 6umina adbiS im-bi he called their name
(to exercise a function), to appoint a person in a good way CT 13 36:24 (SB inc.); [uru].kui.ga
to an office, 4. to decree, to proclaim, to ki.tu sa.du 0 .ga.kex.e.ne mu.mah.a mi.
command, to make known, 5. to count in.ni.sa4 .a : alu ellu lubat iib libbiounu siril
among, 6. III to cause to proclaim, 7. IV im-bu-ut they called it solemnly the holy city, the
to be named, appointed, called upon; OAkk., place where they (the gods) dwell in joy ibid. 16;
nam.lu.ux( iGAL).lu mu.sa 4 DIR.AM te mu.
OB, Mari, MB, SB, NB; I ibbi (imbi) un.zu : mal Sumu na-bu-u minu idi what does
inabbi (inambi)-nabi,1/2, III, IV; wr. syll. (mankind), as many as they may be, know?
and SA4 ; cf. nabi adj., nibitu, nibu A, nibutu. 4R 10 r. 31f., also 4R 12 r. 29f.; nig.nam mu.
sa4.a zag.su ab.gA.ga : mimma aasuma na-bu-u
[pa-ad] PAD = na-bu-u Idu I 61; pa-aPAD, pa.da limta taadma you decree the fate of whatever
= na-bu-u Nabnitu IV 272f.; Gtrgu-dUD] = na-bu-u exists gurpu p. 53:14f.; nig.zi.gl1 nig.a.na
Nabnitu IV 275; [gui. d]6 = na-bu-u Erimhu II 206. mu.sa4 .a kalam.ma gal.la.ba : liknat napilti
sa-a SA 4 = na-bu-u Igituh I 431, also BIN 2 mala Buma na-ba-a ina mati ba§d the living creatures,
37 ii 3' (Diri VI); sa sA 4 = na-bu-u MSL 14 144 as many as there are, (and that) are in the land
ii 23'; [sa-a] = [sA 4] = [na]-bu(?)-u A VIII/4:199; 4R 29 No. 1:43f.; dAsal.lu.hi dingir.mu.sa 4 .
sa-aSA4 = na-bu-u Nabnitu IV 276; SA4 = n[a-bu-u] a.ta za.e si.in.dirig.ge.en : Marduk ina ilZ
CT 11 28 K.8387 iv 5, also CT 51 168 vi 32; Ma-a mala fum na-bu-u x [... si]rat Marduk, you are
SA4 = na-[bu-u]Sb I 58a, in MSL 9 151; [se-e] [s]A 4 = exalted among all the gods who are called by a
na-bu-u-um Proto-Ea G8 r. ii 4, in MSL 9 123; se-e name 4R 26 No. 4:15f.; na.am.bara.e.ne
sA4 = na-bu-u-um (var. [na]-ral-bu-i-um) Proto- mu.sa 4 .a PA z6e.m.mu.a : na-bu-u arriti
Diri 472; na-a A[G] [na-bu]-u Ea VIII 22; bi-i nadin haffi who decrees the kingship, gives the
Bl = na-bu-u A V/1:140; BA = na-bu-[td-um] scepter 4R 9:34f., see Langdon, OECT 6 p. 8 n. 3,
MSL 14 125:610 (Proto-Aa); [BA] = na-bu-t MSL cf. [nam].lugal sa 4 : na-bu-u garruiti StOr 1 32:4
9 135:575 (Proto-Aa); TUK - na-bu-u-um UET 6 (Adad-apla-iddina); frGI.PA1.gam.ma bal.e nam.
379:10 (OB Ea type); SAR = na-bi-i, SAR = udduu lugal.la nam.bi.in.sa4l : tamihi hatfu kippat u
RA 16 166 ii 37, dupl. CT 18 29 ii 32 (group voc.). pald na-bu-u arrittu who holds scepter, ring and
nig.mu.sa4 = §a lu-ma-a[m n]a-bu-u Nigga mantle(?), who decrees kingship RAcc. p. 108: If.;
Bil. B 71; mu.x = [n]a-bi [.u]-me Erimhus VI 246. nam.en.na lu.lu un.gal dingir.e.ne dErua
u4 An dEn.lil ... dA.nun.na.kex(KID).ne.ni mu.duo.ga h4.en.sa 4 .a : ana eniit nige um
mu.mah.a mi.ni.in.sa 4 .es.a : Znu Anum dtbig lu ta-am-bi .arrat ill Erua the queen of the
Enlil ... in Anunnaki .umam szram i-bi-u-Su when gods, Erua, called me with favor for lordship
Anu and Enlil in (the assembly of) the Anunnaki over the people 5R 62 No. 2:36-38 (gamas-sum-
had given him an exalted name LIH 99:10 (Sum.) ukin), cf. ibid. 43; na.am.z6.eb ba.an.tar.re
= VAS 1 33 i 9 (Akk., Samsuiluna); [na.amn.lu].li dMu.z6.eb.ba.sa4.a : gimtam tabtam igimau
mu.un.zi.ga.l[i x].sa hi.a : u lu awilittum a gu-ma fabu im-bi-Mu he decreed a good fate for him
ana .ikin napiltim [Iu]mam na-bi-at Sumer 11 and called him by a good name Studies Albright
pl. 16 No. 10:21; ur.bi mu.ni in(var. i[b]).sa 4 . 346:16 (litany).
es u nam.lugal.la.bi.se : mithdri §umu An dEn.lil.ld gu nam.mi.in.de.eS : Anu u
im-bu-u(var. -d) ammiu ana arrutiiunu the Enlil im-bu-i-nu-ti Anu and Enlil have called
plants unanimously named him as their king them (the demons) CT 16 22:236f.; [...] gudu.
Lugale I 35; na 4 .gug me.ri gul.za (later ne.de a UNKINum-g.na.ag gu.un.bar.re.e§ :
version: buri.da) mu.bi h6.sa 4 : santa ina re-e-ia multeir nideka 9a tab-bu-u izira pu[hru]
pailai buma uatu lu na-b[a-t]u being perforated, they rejected, all of them, the shepherd who keeps
let it be called carnelian ibid. X 16, cf. XII 18; your people whonr you have called on the right path
mu.mu Bh.mi.i[b].s[a 4 ] (later version: hu.mu. KAR 128:18 (prayer of Tn.).
ni.ib.sa4. a) : Jumi lu ta-am-bi (var. tam-bi) DN za.da nu.me.a mu nu.mu.da.pa.da :
you shall call my name ibid. XI 28; zag mu.un. DN ina balika puma ul na-bi apart from yours,
sub.ba (mu> mu.un.da.ab.sa 4 .e.ne : mulars Istar, no name can be mentioned OECT 6 pl.
$idu eretti na-bu-u umdeun who founds the sacred 7:13f., coll. ibid. p. 105; mu.zu dBIL+GI na.a :
places (and) gives them names 4R 9:30f.; un.gal u-um-ka dai-ri ib-bu-i Labat Suse 2 i 22f., of.
Nibruk mu.sa 4 .a.zu h.em : dSarrat Nippuru ibid. 20f.; a.na.am mu.un.me.e.e.z6.en :
ana umeki lu na-ba-a-tu be given "Queen-of- mind i ni-ib-bi (var. i ni-pu-u) PSBA 10 pi. 1
Nippur" for your name RA 12 75: 43f. (Exaltation (after p. 418ff.) K.4175+ :12-15, var. from KAR
of Igtar); [...] Ka.dingir.ra.ki.ma [mu].ne 4:19.
zi.de.e6 bi.in.sa4.am : [dAMAJBTR.uu Sa Babi[lu] na(var. Ad)-gal-mu-3u, na-bi-'-um = na-bu-u
Jumu kni im-bu-t Marduk who has truly Malku IV 178f.
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nabA A la nabo A la
MA = na-bu-u STC 2 pl. 57 r. ii 11 (comm. on En. bu-[4] (var. [li-ta-a]b-bu-4) Ihara Lambert-
el. VII 136); AG = epeau, AG - band, AG = mahru, Millard Atra-hasis 64 304; i ta-ab-bi (in broken
AG = na-bu-u (explanation of the name Nabu)
5R 43 r. 40f., Dtr ba-nu-fil, Dtr - ni-bu-fuil context) ibid. 296.
STC 2 pl. 51 ii 9f. (comm. on En. el. VII 19);
[dN]a-na-a : NA : na-bu-u : A : ai-i 1
[ap-lu- b' referring to human beings: Jahdunlim
BM 62741:13 (comm. to Weidner God List); ... muretti nare na-bi Su-mi RN who erects
[6.sa4.ki].il = A na-bu-u nap-har ig-ra-[al-t[i], stelas with (his) name Syria 32 5 i 22; ban4
[6 bztu sa 4 na-bu]-t ki.il napharuAa iqrati AfO 17 biti Sumi im-bi (A§§ur) named me Builder
133:9 (LB comm. on the name Esagil).
of the Temple Borger Esarh. 6 vii 25; ana RN
1. to name, to give a name - a) mention- mdrija Sa arka RN, umu na-bu-i to Esar-
haddon, my son, who was later named
ing the actual name - 1' nabi alone:
Marduk a ultu sitigu im-bu-4-.u (vars. ib- ASur-etel-ka'in-apla ADD 620 r. 4 (= ABL 1452
r. 3), see ARU 13:9; ultu MU.18.KAM mAr-4
bu-su, im-bu-si) abugu Anu Marduk, as his
father has called his name from his birth Sa mAr-tak-sat-su Sarru SumSu SA 4 -4 adi qdt
MU.13.KAM m U-ma-su Sa mAr-tak-Sat-su Sarru
En. el. VI 123; im-bi-Sum-ma Apsd uaddi
umSu na-bu-4 from the 18th year of Arses,
egreti (Ea) named it (his residence) Apsf and
who is called King Artaxerxes, to the 13th
assigned sanctuaries (there) En. el. I 76;
year of Ochos, who is called King Artaxerxes
Asalluhi Namtilaku ganig im-bu-u(var. -c)
LBAT 1394 iv 11 and 13, also Strassmaier, Actes
ilu muSnegsu they named (him), secondly,
du 8e Congres International 28:2 (LB); mdrtu
Asalluhi Namtilaku, the life-giving god
sit libbija ana enuti aSSima En. n i g.al.di.
En. el. VI 151, cf. ibid. VII 19 and 76; Adad-
Nanna sum.a am-bi I dedicated my own
nirar gar mat Assur ib-bu-ni (the gods)
daughter to the office of entu and named her
named me Adad-nirari, king of Assyria
En.nig.al.di.Nanna YOS 1 45 i 25 (Nbn.);
KAH 2 84:10 (Adn. II); Kar-bel-madtti [a
Rimanni-Bel ... Sa Rmuit sunsu im-bu-4
Sa-a]-aina mat Musur i-nam-bu-u GN which
(the slave) Rimanni-Bel, whom they have
they call GN, in Egypt Borger Esarh. 94
named Rimiit Nbn. 697:2, 5; uncert.:
§ 64:25; [bel]et milki na-ba-ki you are called
mamm[a x] lem-na aj ib-bu-a-ni jsis nobody
goddess of (good) advice JCS 15 9 iv 22 (OB
shall call me an evil [...] STT 40:38 (let. of
lit.).
Gilg.), see AnSt 7 130.
2' with sumu - a' referring to gods: c' referring to cities: alam epus ... GN
Lugaldimmerankia dumu sa nim-bu-u pus. SumSu ab-bi I built a city and named it Dilr-
hurni DN is the name that we gave him Jahdunlim RA 33 50 ii 20, also 23 (Jahdunlim),
in our assembly En. el. VI 139; Asalluhi gumsu cf. (with ana Su-mi-im) LIH 95:58; Babilim
sa im-bu-u (var. [im]-bu-gu) abusu Anu SumSu siram ib-bi-i (when the gods) gave it
Asalluhi, the name that his father Anu the exalted name Babylon CH i 17; lu-ub-
gave him En. el. VI 147; Asalluhi ina Su-me- bi-ma Sum[Su Bdbil]i bitdt ill rabdti I will
ri i nim-bi gumka let us give you Asalluhi name it Bab-ili, (which means) the residences
as your name in Sumerian UET 6 398 r. 4 of the great gods En. el. V 129; GN SumSu
(SB lit.); bel matati Sumsu it-ta-bi abu ab-bi I named it GN (after capture or
Enlil father Enlil gave him the name Lord- building of a city) Weidner Tn. 28 No. 16:100,
of-the-Lands En. el. VII 136; 3.1M gumegu 31 No. 17:47, AKA 170:22, 326 ii 86, 361 iii 50
im-bu-u(var. -4) Ansar Lahmu u Lahamu (Asn.), 3R 8 ii 35 (Shalm. III), Iraq 18 125:11
Ansar, Lahmu, and Lahamu each gave him (Tigl. III), Rost Tigl. III p. 2:10, 6:22, 42:7,
three names En. el. VI 158; ina zikri hangd ilji 46:29, 52:44, Unger Bel-harran-beli-ussur 14,
rabitu hanSd sumeu im-bu-u(var. -4) uadtiru Winckler Sar. pl. 32:60, 65, Lyon Sar. p. 27:11.
alkassu with the name Fifty the great gods had
called his fifty names and made his character d' referring to buildings: Sum bitim dtu
pre-eminent En. el. VII 144; Istar ... [l]i-ib- Egirzalanki i-bi bit taBilat Same u ersetim he
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nabi A la nabi A lb
named this temple Egirzalanki, (i.e.) the zikru A mng. 4a-2') Borger Esarh. 51 iii 58 and
temple which is the joy of heaven and earth parallels.
Syria 32 15 iv 11 (Jahdunlim); bit Enlil .. .
c' referring to buildings: Ehulhul lu-um-bi
Eamkurkurra ... ina qereb dlija ASSur
zikirSu I will name it (the temple) Ehulhul
dumgu a-ab-bi in the middle of my city Assur
BHT pl. 6 ii 7 (Nbn. Verse Account); Enlil-mu
I named the temple of Enlil Eamkurkurra
kin-idi-alijaNinlil-mudessdt-hisbizikri abulli
AOB 1 22 iii 12, also Borger Einleitung 9 ii 20
Enlil u Ninlil ... am-bi I named the gates
(Bamsi-Adad I); Ekurmegarra SumSu ab-bi
of Enlil and Ninlil Enlil-Keeps-the-Founda-
Weidner Tn. 29 No. 16:114; I built a temple
tion-of-My-City-Secure and Ninlil-Creates-
and A.UTGg.GA bit kdm4 mu-tim Sumdu am-bi
Abundance Winckler Sar. pl. 29 No. 62:4, also
named it Temple-Which-Binds-Death OIP 2
ibid. pl. 43:68, Lyon Sar. 11:68, 17:86, of. Streck
140:3 (Senn., coll.); bita sudti Nab'-kudurri-
Asb. 80 ix 110, OIP 2 112 vii 93 (Senn.).
usur liblut lulabbir zdnin Esagil ana SumiSu
am-bi to this palace I gave the name 4' with nibitu: umSu mahrd unakkirma
May- Nebuchadnezzar - Live - May - He - Who- Kar-Sin-ahhe-eribaat-ta-bi nibissu I changed
Provides-for-Esagil-Live-to-Old-Age VAB 4 its former name and gave it the name GN
120 iii 29 (Nbk.); kisallaSu eSiS abnima kisal OIP 2 29 ii 30, 59:32, 68:16 (all Senn.), cf. ina
sidir manzz IgigiSumbu am-bi I built its court asri sanimma ala usepisma Kdr-Assur-aha-
anew and named it Court-of-the-Row-of-the- iddina at-ta-bi nibissu Borger Esarh. 48 ii 82;
Socles-of-the-Igigi OIP 2 145:23 (Senn.); Patti-Sin-ahhe-eribaat-ta-bi nibissu I named
Sa bdbdte u kisalleSina Sumunu am-bi-ma it Sennacherib Canal OIP 2 79:12 (Senn.).
I gave names to their gates and courts
ibid. 146:30, cf. ibid. 26 and 145:17 (all Senn.). b) without mentioning a specific name -
1' nabi alone: Anum abi kima SumiSuma
e' other occs.: iD Patti-hegalliSumsa ab-bi im-ba-an-ni ina athe usatiranni my father,
(this canal) I named Patti-hegalli Iraq 14 Anu, has named me (Gula) like his own name,
33:37, AKA 185 r. 14, 387 iii 135, also 245 v 7 he has made me pre-eminent among my
(all Asn.); pand[ma]ndra sudtu iD [... ] i-nam- brothers Or. NS 36 124:142 (SB hymn to Gula);
bu-u umSu in former times, they used to enima elis la na-bu-u Samamu Saplis ammatu
call that canal [...] OIP 2 79:13 (Senn.); duma la zakrat when the heavens above were
im-bi-ma sa qasti kiam Sumesa he gave the not (yet) named, the earth below had not
following names to the bow En. el. VI 88; (yet) been given a name En. el. I 1; DN
Sum isinniu sa rrI Sabdtu taSrihtu dumsa tabni tab-bi-i(var. adds -su) usri gimli u
ab-bi-ma the feast of the month abatu I Aszibi Nineanna, you have created, you have
named The Solemn One Iraq 14 34:75 (Asn.); named him, therefore guard, have compassion
ina arah ... da ... ITI dSIG na-bu-u4 umgu on, and save (your servant) Limet Sceaux
in the month which is named Month of the Cassites 5.1, var. from 5.5; for personal names
Brick God Winckler Sar. pl. 43:58; AN sumsu like Il-Su-i-bi-u His-God-Has-Named-Him
na-bi (apod., obscure) Kraus Texte 62:21 (OB). and similar names see Stamm Namengebung
141 f.; ina .SA.BAD petat uzni na-ba-at ta-bi-ni
3' with zikru - a' referring to gods: Anum in Esabad she is intelligent, she names the
dar ill ersetu irhema sibit ildni uldaSumma il4i .... (translating the name of the temple
Sibitti it-ta-bi z[i]kirdun Anu, the king of the Esabad as sa = nabi, bad (for a.bad) =
gods, impregnated the earth, and she bore tabinu) KAR 109:20.
him seven gods whom he named The-Seven-
Gods Cagni Erra I 29. 2' with dumu - a' in gen.: ninuma
duludd nit(var. ni-it)-ta-bi SumSu ki ndima
b' referring to human beings: adid Barnas attunu Sum&~u zukra we each have given him
kaja lemniiti ... a ina pi nige K1UR Mihrdnu three names, as we (have done), so you too
Pitdnu i-nam-bu-u(var. -4) zikirun (see name his names En. el. VI 159; ia ... Sum
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nabs A lb nabi A 3
RN ... upeluma Sume garrisandmma i-nam- zikar u sinniS mal uma na-bu-u man or
bu-4 whoever changes the name of Assur- woman, whoever it may be PRT 44:15; ildni
banipal (in this hymn) and names another rabiti .a same erseti mala Suma n[a-bu-u]
king KAR 105 r. 12, dupl. KAR 361 r. 7 (hymn issidunu issa'4 all the great gods of heaven
to gamas); DN ... iStu mesheritija i.ariS and earth have listened with them ABL 6:13
sabtanni gum t(bi lu im-ba-an-ni agri Sulmi u (NA); GIS.HIUR.ME mala ina baritu gumgunu
baldta lu irteddanni (when) Marduk had na-bu-u the drawings (on the liver), as many
taken good care of me from my youth on, as are mentioned in the corpus of extispicy
had given me an auspicious name, had led TCL 6 5 r. 36, cf. r. 33 (LB ext. comm.); lu mims
me to a place of well-being and health ma [lemnu] malasuma na-bu-u anything
VAB 4 214 i 21 (Ner.), cf. Su-ma siram ib-bi-u evil, whatever there is LKA 70 ii 21 (SB inc.);
ibid. 100 No. 12 i 24 (Nbk.); [LU] sa riAarri note naSi mala suma ni-im-bu-u (var. ni-ib-
sa kima beliSu suma na-bu-u the Sa rig Sarri bu-4u) i lu il-ni i ni-ib-bi-ma (var. nim-be-e-
official, who is named like (the king) his lord ma) assd aumAu as for us, each and every
(in broken context) BBR No. 57:13; ilci one, he shall be our god, let us proclaim his
rabitu mala ina nare anne umu na-bu-u fifty names En. el. VI 120f.; mimma mala
the great gods, all who are named on this stela Suma na-bu-u K.3371:6 (joined to Craig ABRT
OIP 2 85:59 (Senn.), of. VAS 1 71:66 (= Winckler 2 16).
Sar. 184); ina sadiri sumsunu ul im-bi-ma(!)
(var. am-bi) ina muhhi tuppani useli he 3' with zikru: i nipud parakki a na-bu-4
(var. I) did not give them (the plants) names (vars. ne-bu-u, [x]-am-bu-u) zikirgu let us
in sections(?), but had them entered in build a sanctuary whose name is famous(?)
En. el. VI 51; RN ... Sa siqirSu eli maliki
tablets CT 14 9 iv 15, dupl. ibid. 28 K.4345 r. ii 3
(Asb. colophon to Uruanna).
nd-bu-u Tiglathpileser whose name is more
famous(?) than (the names of) the (other)
b' negated: mar sarriSa ina pi niei MU-si rulers AKA 32 i 35 (Tigl. I), cf. siqirSu kabtu
la na-bu-4 elldmma kussd isabbat a prince ... ne-bu-' YOS 9 71:8 (Assur-nadin-apli), see
whose name is not mentioned among the Weidner Tn. p. 46.
people will arise and seize the throne JCS 18
17:21 (SB prophecies); mamman sa sumu la 2. to invoke (a deity): izakkarSi innigi
na-bu-u mdta is[allal(?)] somebody who is i-na-ab-bi umsa he mentions her (ITtar)
not named will plunder(?) the country among the people, he invokes her name
TCL 6 10:9; mimma lemnu sa suma la na-bu-u4 RA 22 170:20 (OB hymn); im-bi sumka abi ill
anything evil which has no name Maqlu II 64, DN Nunamnir, father of the gods, has called
KAR 227 iii 37, wr. SA 4 -U BBR No. 45 i 10 (all your name AfO 19 62:37 (SB prayer to Mar-
SB incs.). duk), also cited STC 1 216:9 (comm.); sadrat
hissatka risiu dEN ana na-be-e gumeka
c' mala (or sa) Suma nabi everything, mention of you is constant (in his mouth),
everyone: lu sarrum lu belum lu issakkum rejoice, DN, at the uttering of your name
u lu awilitum ga gumam na-bi-a-at be it a AfO 19 65 iii 5 (SB prayer to Marduk); Girru
king, a lord, a governor, or anybody else belu gitmalu nannardta na-bi Sumka 0 DN,
CH xlii 44, also MDP 2 pl. 23 vi 14 (MB kudurru); perfect lord, you are invoked (with the words)
awilum [Sa i]na awilutim [sum]am na-bu-u "you are brilliant" Maqlu II 19, see AfO 21 72;
any man who exists among mankind AfO 12 da same erseti tahitta ina kibrdt mdtdti kaliina
365:30 (Takil-iligsu); awilitu mala Suma na-bat na-bu-i4 umSa (ITtar) whose name is called
(var. na-bi-at) ana ramanigamannu ilammad upon in all the lands as the one who penetrates
what man, whoever he may be, would learn heaven and earth AKA 207 i 6 (Asn.).
by himself? BMS 11:8, see Ebeling Hander-
hebung 72; lu ajumma mala Suma na-bu- or 3. to summon, call a person (to exercise a
anyone else RA 16 125 ii 30 (NB kudurru); lu function), to appoint a person to an office -
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nabu A 3a nabii A 3b
a) nabU alone: matima ana adti ana me JNES 7 269 ii 12 (OB royal); nardmsa [. .. ]
riiqiiti sa ili rabtu i-nam-bu-Su-ma ana re'dt ta-ab-bi she has called her beloved VAS 10
mcti inasidu whomsoever, at any time in 215:46, cf. ta-ab-bi-i-Su (in broken context)
the future, in distant days, the great gods ibid. 48 (OB hymn to Nana), see ZA 44 34; gnu
call and elevate to the shepherdship of the DN ... RN sarri ana zdninuti im-bu-u when
land MDP 2 pl. 22 iii 58 (MB kudurru); na-bu-4 Marduk called King Nabonidus to be the
re'i kenu (DN) who calls the true shepherd caretaker (of the temples) CT 36 21:3 (Nbn.);
Hinke Kudurru i 21; Sarru sa DN i-na-ab-bu-Su [ta]-am-b-e Kingu ana ha'irftiki you
a king whom Enlil will call Borger Einleitung (Tiamat) have called Kingu to be your
9 iii 14 (Sami-Adad I), cf. rubi arkd ... a husband En. el. IV 81.
Asur i-na-bu-su AKA 165 r. 3, 171 r. 12, 204
iv 53 (all Asn.); manna attasa DN u DN2 ana b) with Sumu - 1' in royal inscrs.:
sarritu i-nam-bu-ju-ma ina palesu bitusuati inuma DN DN2 ana re'zt GN su-mi ib-bu-u
innahuma whoever you are, whom Sin and when Ea and Damkina called me to be the
Sama§ will call to kingship, in whose reign shepherd of Malgium AfO 12 365:8 (Takil-iliSAu
this temple falls down VAB 4 228 iii 43 (Nbn.); of Malgium); Anum u Enlil anasir nisi tubbim
attamannu ... sa ilu i-nam-bu-s i arruta dumi ib-bu-u Anu and Enlil appointed me to
teppus whoever you are who will exercise make the people happy CH i 49; DN usarbisu
kingship at the god's call AnSt 5 106:148 MU-su i-bi u [...] Enlil made him great,
(Cuthean Legend); ilii rabitum ib-bu-4-nin-ni- called him, and [... ] AfO 20 71 xxviii 40 (Ma-
ma andkuma re'dm muSallimum the great nistusu); DN belu na-bu-4 Mu-ia musarbi
gods having called me, I am the shepherd Sarriitija the lord Asur who called me and
who keeps (the flock) intact CH xl 41; made my rule great AKA 179:15, 192 ii 5,
enima DN ... <ana>re'dt mat AMsur ib-ba-an- 215:6, 225:25, 260 i 17, 267 i 40, 382 iii 118 (all
ni when A~§ur called me to be the shepherd of Asn.), also ADD 660+809:28 (Asb.), see Post-
Assyria 3R 7 i 13, cf. WO 2 410 i 6 (both Shalm. gate Royal Grants No. 32; re'il kinu sa DN u DN
III); inum DN ... kinis ib-ba-an-ni-ma MU-Sn ana dardtiib-bu-u andku I am the true
when Marduk had truly called me VAB 4 shepherd whom Anu and Enlil have appointed
72 i 11, 86 i 16, 104 i 22, 142 i 14, PBS 15 79 i 16 for all time AOB 1 120:28 (Shalm. I); DN u
(all Nbk.), cf. AKA 93 vii 48 (Tigl. I); Asur, DN2 rc'imu sangitija na-bu-u MU-ia Assu
Anu, Enlil, Ea (and other gods) a ... enu and Istar, who love my priesthood and called
inaSid i-nam-bu-u malku who appoint the me OIP 2 107 vi 49, 120:37 (Senn.); RN ga
high priest, call the ruler OIP 2 78:2 (Senn.); Assur u ilij rabutu Muv-i kinis ib-bu- RN
Sa sarrituina libbija la baic jdti ... sa atta whom DN and the great gods truly appointed
bel bele tumall qdtiia eli sarrdnisa tam-bu-ma Weidner Tn. 1 No. 1 i 5; DN gesru resit na-bu-u
istu ullu ipusi belicta to me, who had no Su-me-ia Anu, the strong, the first-ranking,
ambitions for kingship, and to whom you, who has called me Borger Esarh. 96:2; mannu
lord of lords, have entrusted it more than to ark~i ... sa belu rabi DN MU-Su i-nam-bu-ma
the kings whom you had called and who had ina mat Akkadi ippusu beliitu any future
exercised kingship in the past VAB 4 280 (ruler) who, appointed by the great lord
vii 52 (Nbn.); ultu qereb Sadi ana re'dt nice tab- Marduk, will exercise power in the land of
bi-in-ni from inside the mountains you Akkad (who intends to break that stela)
(Istar) have called me to be the shepherd of VAS 1 37 v 21 (Merodachbaladan kudurru), cC.
the people ZA 5 67:27 (prayer ofAsn. I); DN ibid. iii 1; ajiimma rubi arki a DN ana reg'ct
... RN mdru du ... ana garriti im-be'-e-ma mdti n nide i-nam-bu-u (var. i-nab-bu-u)
Sin called Nabonidus, my only son, to the sum-Bu any future ruler whom Asur may
kingship AnSt 8 48 i 41, cf. ibid. 48 ii 1, 56 i appoint to be the shepherd of the land and
11, 64 iii 36 (Nbn.); RN sa DN ib-bu-4 (var. ib- the people OIP 2 139: 61, 146:33, 148:24 (Senn.),
bi- ) Hammurapi, whom Bamah has called AAA 20 pi. 98 No. 105:16 (Adn. III), [,a ana
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nabf A 3b nabti A 4a
re 't mati ultu] ulld AsSur M-u ib-bu-u c) with zikru: RN ... a ultu ulla ili ib
AfO 3 154:2 (Asur-dan II); DN 8a ... tab-bu-u bu-u [zikir]gu SamSi-Adad (V), whom the
(var. ib-bu-u) su-me (var. Mu) ana beiiUt mdtdti gods have appointed from of old In
Nana, who appointed me to rule all the lands 29 i 30; a ... ana Sarruti mat Assur ib-
Streck Asb. 58 vi 111, Thompson Esarh. pl. 17 v 16 bu-u(var. -4) zikirsu (see zikru A mng. 4a-2')
(Asb.); ana salalamakkur mdtdti My ib(copy Borger Esarh. 40 Ep. 1 A i 7, cf. RN Sa ultu
lu)-bu-l' (the gods) appointed me to plunder ulla DN ib-bu-u si-qir-sc 1R 35 No. 3:27
the possessions of all lands KAH 2 84:13 (Adn. III); im-bu-u zikirsu (in broken
(Adn. II); inu DN u DN2 ana belit mdti su-um context) BBSt. No. 35:5 (Merodachbaladan),
im-bu-ii serret kala nise qtia usmallu when see Seux, RA 54 206f.; ana sarritu kimsat nisi
Samas and Annunitu appointed me to rule epeSu it-ta-bi zi-ki-[ir-iu] (Marduk) appointed
the land and gave the "lead-rope" of all him to exercise kingship over all mankind
peoples into my hands CT 34 35:47 (Nbn.); PSBA 20 157 r. 17 (Nbk.); ana sarri Sa tarams
urkiti anaBarruttelu na-bi sumSu later on may muma ta-na-am-bu-i zi-ki-ir-u to the king
he (Assurbanipal) be appointed to kingship whom you love, whom you appoint VAB 4
Wiseman Treaties 300; RN ... Sa DN u DN2 ... 122 i 57 (Nbk.); a DN ana re'it mdti u nice
gum-su ana rabetim ib-bu-u4 amsi-Adad, i-nam-bu-u(var. -i) zikirsu (any future king)
whom Anu and Enlil have called for great whom Asur appoints to be the shepherd of
deeds AOB 1 22 i 17; mannu ark sa DN ... the land and the people OIP 2 98:93, 116 viii
ana damiqti Mv-Si i-nam-bu-u uma'aru mdta 79, 130 vi 75, 139:61 (all Senn.), of. Borger Esarh.
whoever (lives) later who will rule the land, 28:23, 64 vi 67, Streck Asb. 90 x 109, Postgate
having been called by Asur (Samas, Nergal, Royal Grants p. 29 No. 9:43 (= ADD 647), p. 31
and Adad) for an auspicious rule Unger Bel- No. 10:43 (= ADD 646), also, wr. i-na-ab-
harran-beli-ussur 17. bu- , VAB 4 68:32 (Nabopolassar); kima zikir
sumija sa ana nasarkitti u miSari ... im-bu-
2' in lit.: .aaarriu gakkanakki Mv-si-nu in-ni ili rabitu (see zikru A mng. Ic)
fa-nam-bi you appoint kings and governors Lyon Sar. 8:50, zi-kir sumija kinis im-bu-
KAR 68:18, see Ebeling Handerhebung 20; ulli u(var. -4) (in broken context) Borger Esarli.
resija i-bi su-mu elevate my status (Ea), 80:17.
appoint me KAR 59 r. 6 and dupl., see Ebeling
d) with nibitu: sa ana zandna mmhazi u
Handerhebung 66, cf. ulli reiisu ib-bi sum[su]
uddusu esreti DN beli rabi ib-bi-u ne-bi-it-sic
AfO 19 59:175 (SB prayer to Marduk), [... ] i-bi
(Nebuchadnezzar) whom the great lord
-,
,u-u-s .TAOS 88 127 ii 31; i-bi Su-mi irikl
Marduk has appointed to take care of the
ulmja supuri ruppis lim'ida lillidi call me, sanctuaries and to restore the temples
give me a long life, enlarge my fold, let my VAB 4 140 i 6 (Nbk.), cf., wr. im-bu-4 ibid. 274
(flock's) offspring increase BMS 5:3, see Ebe-
iii 7 (Nbn.); ana beliit mati u nisi it-ta-ba
ling Handerhebung 34:29; i-bi su-mi ana diiru
ni-bi-ta he appointed (me) to rule land and
umi bit epusu lubbir call me for everlasting RN
people VAB 4 66 No. 4:12 (Nabopolassar);
days, let the temple which I have built Sar GN it-ta-bi ni-bi-it-su ana malikti kullat
endure VAB 4 258 ii 23 (Nbn.); anaku annanna
naphar izzakra jumsu he appointed Cyrus,
rube aradkunu ina mahar ilittika rabiti ana
king of Anshan, he called him to rule the
me sdtu gu-ma tdbis lu na-ba-ku may I,
universe 5R 35:12, see Berger, ZA 64 196.
so-and-so, the ruler, your servant, in the
presence of your great divinity be called with 4. to decree, to proclaim, to command, to
favor forever Craig ABRT 2 13 r. 14; [ilu u] make known - a) with simtu to decree a
istaru na-bu-i4 umija god or goddess, who fate: ta-ab-bi dimassu u kaluSunu it-ta-bi-i-i,
have called me (in broken context) Or. 36 28 you determined his fate, and they all also
r. 19 (namburbi); Enlil-M-im-bi (personal determined (it) JRAS Cent. Supp. pi. 6 ii 3f.
name) BBSt. No. 3 i 45 (MB). (OB lit.); iiibuma ina pubriunui-nam-bu-u
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nabf A 4b nabf A 7a
(vars. i-nam-bu-4, i-ban-nu-u) mate they silver as additional payment Nbn. 203:24,
sat down in their assembly to proclaim the also Dar. 321:13, usually in the abbr. version:
fates En. el. VI 165; suknama puhra sitira itti PN PN2 mah~raim-be-e-ma idm PN, (the
i-ba-a (vars. ib-ba-a, ba-a') Simti set up an buyer) bought, he and the seller PN having
assembly, decree an excellent fate for me declared the equivalent together, for refs. see
En. el. II 125, III 60, cf. (obscure): lu imt Ungnad NRV Glossar 102, San Nicolb, Or. NS 16
i-ba-[a] Lambert-Millard Atra-hasis 98 v 49 (OB). 275 n. 1, and passim in NB sales contracts; note
the spellings ib-be-e-ma Coll. de Clercq 2 pl. B
b) to command, decree: i-be ardku imeja after p. 120:21, Evetts Ev.-M. 6:10, im-bi-i-a
qibi littiti command that my days be long, TCL 13 205:16, SA 4 -ma VAS 5 3:13, TCL 12
order old age for me VAB 4 88 No. 7 ii 28, 188 19:12, Nbk. 135:17, also (fem.) tam-bi-e-ma ...
ii 42, also 100 No. 11 ii 25 (all Nbk.); DN arriti ta-si-im VAS 5 96:15.
ib-bi kakkam dannam mudamqit sarri ndkirija
iddinamma Dagan commanded that I be 5. to count among: gabarahhasa imitti
ana sir damiqti MU-s4 im-bu-u a gabarahhu
ha
king and gave me a powerful weapon which
overthrows the kings hostile toward me sign on the right which is counted as a good
RA 33 50 i 10 (Jahdunlim); Anum rabim abu omen RA 68 62 i 10 (SB ext.); (various marks
il na-bu-u paleja great Anu, the father of on the liver) ana la almati ta-ne-eb-bi you
the gods, who proclaimed my reign OH xlii 47, count with the unfavorable ones CT 20 48 iv
cf. in paleja ... sa DN ib-bu-i PBS 7 133 ii 10, cf. ana salmati ta-nam-bi BBR No. 82:24;
57 (Hammurapi); RN sa Anu Enlil u Ea ilii ana NE.GAR-ma ta-nam-bi (see niphu) CT 20
rabitu ana SuteAur mat AsSur bliussu ib-bu-u 44 i 56.
RN, whose rule the great gods Anu, Enlil, and 6. subbd to cause to proclaim: u-sab-bi-u
Ea decreed in order to provide justice in zikir u[meja] eli kalidunu maliki they had
Assyria AKA 24:2, also Borger Einleitung my name proclaimed
over (the names of) all
103:3 (A§sur-rBe-isi); na-ba-at pale arrtija
the (other) rulers (possibly irregular spelling
(IHtar) who decreed the rule of my dynasty for ~upu, see ap$
A mng. 4a) OECT 6 pl. 11
Weidner Tn. 13 No. 5:120, cf. ibid. 7 No. 1 vi 11,
K.1290:19 (hymn of Asb. to Istar).
also Borger Einleitung 104 i 3 (Assur-res-isi); see
also 4R 9:34f., RAcc. 108:If., in lex. section; 7. IV to be named, appointed, called
DN dajanu siri edessa it-ta-bi (see edesu upon - a) to be named: MU. 1.KAM sa irubam
mng. Ic) VAB 4 110 iii 34, 142 ii 14 (Nbk.); kiam li-in-na-bi ummami MU RN tillut Babili
elli nir game na-bu-u a-la-la (Ningirsu) holy illiku the year which began shall be named
light of heaven, who decrees (the singing of) as follows: Year in Which Zimrilim Went to
the aldla song Or. NS 36 116:27 (SB hymn to Help Babylon ARMT 13 27:12; dMIN (= Asals
Gula); [...] nisirti bdriti a Ea im-bu-u the luhi) dNamru da in-na-bu-u(var. -u) salsis
secret art of extispicy which Ea has pro- SumSu Asalluhi-Namru is the name that
claimed(?) BBR No. 1-20:13; note the personal was given him thirdly En. el. VI 155; ana
name Marduk-di-na-tab-bi PSBA 29 pl. 2 zikir sumini ellu ni-il-x [...] asar vM-a-ni
(after p. 274) r. 8. kabtu in-nam-b[u-i ... ] BM 54658:12 (courtesy
W. G. Lambert); zikir sumija ina ahrdti li-in-
c) mafhra nab4 to declare the price equiv- na-ba ina damqti let my name be mentioned
alent: itti PN PN, ki x §E.NUMUN ana 1 GIN favorably forever VAB 4 176 x 37 (Nbk.);
kaspi mahira im-be-e-ma x kaspu isdm ana Eulla . .. a ... itti esreti ill la in-na-bu-[4]
SimiZu gamritu u x kaspa ki pi atru iddissu (text in-na-an-am-bu) pitrusu sattukku the
together with PN (the seller), PN, (the buyer) temple Eulla, which was no longer named
declared the equivalent to be x barley for together with the sanctuaries of the gods,
one shekel of silver, and he paid the full price (whose) offerings were cut off VAB 4 110 iii 21,
of x silver, and he gave him two minas of 142 ii 5 (Nbk.).
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nabd B nabi C
b) to be appointed: DN Ja ina balisu [... ] TuL p. 58 r. 1; MAS.MA.ME ga ina panatuzSu
la in-nam-bu-4 malku ama§, without whom illakuni ... ina pandtudsu d-na-bu-ful [...]
no ruler is appointed AAA 18 95 No. 16: 10 the conjurers who walk before him wail in
(NA royal inscr.?). front of him ZA 51 134:27 (NA cultic comm.), cf.
u-na-ab-bu-u (in broken context) ZA 52 226:6;
c) to be called upon: [ul(?)] in-nam-bi bel libkika <...> lu-u-nam-ba-a qerbetu kima
Bdbili ul ikannu epse[tuu(?)] MVAG 21 94:22 ummika let <... > weep for you (Enkidu),
(Kedorlaomer text); ela sdunu [ina] sam ilu let the meadow wail as (if it were) your
mamman ul in-nam-bi (Sum. broken) besides mother Gilg. VIII i 13, see JCS 8 92:8.
them, no god is called upon in heaven CT 16
22:235.
naba C (nebd) v.; to shine, to be brilliant;
OB, MB, SB, NB; I imbi; cf. nebii.
nabu B v.; to wail, lament; OB, SB; I
*inambi, II; cf. munambi, nubi, nubu in sa dil.bad = na-bu-u Nabnitu IV 274, also Igituh
I 432.
nube. [an] dil <dil>.bad.du.am ki.a dil ma.
i.lu.dug.ga, i.lu.DI = nu-ub-bu-u Izi V 43f.; am : [inasa]m ediliaiana-ba-at ina erpeti edidia
i.lu.dug4 . ga = nu-ub-bu-, qubbu CT 51 168 iii 19f. srat in heaven she (Istar) alone is brilliant, on
(Group Voc. A); KA.MAR.AR.ra = nu-ub-bu-u earth she alone is exalted SBH p. 103 No. 55
BRM 4 33 ii 2 (= 18, group voc.). obv.(!) 19f., cf. Arattalkt ki ku.ga dil im.bad.
ses.mu i.lu me.me.me (with gloss) u-na- ba[d.d]u : as-ri el-lim e-di -gi-d na-fba(!)1-[at]
am-ba I lament because of my brother RA 19 ibid. p. 155:25f.
177:4. ba-'-lat ne-bat ACh Supp. IMtar 33:21 (comm.).
a) nabu: kima lallariti a-nam-ba-a (var. a) said of heavenly bodies: qarni na-ba-a-
[4-n]am-ba) sarpis like a wailing woman I ta ana uddd 6 umi ina UD.7.KAM agd [lu ma ]la
will lament bitterly (beside abakki) STT 15 you (moon) shine with horns to mark six
r. 4 (Gilg. VIII), see JCS 8 93, var. from Gilg. days, on the seventh day let the crown (i.e.,
VIII ii 3; mdrat Uruk tab-ku mdrat Akkadi the disk) be half En. el. V 16; kima kakkabi
ta-nam-bi the daughter of Uruk wept, the ne-bu-u [...] AMT 28,1 iii 18 (inc.); meshu
daughter of Akkad was wailing PSBA 23 pl. imsuhma im-bi K.3254+ :4ff. (astrol.).
after p. 192:4 (SB lament.).
b) said of gods- 1' in gen.: imu neperdi
b) nubbud: ibkima libbasa unappis -na- sa rabid ne-bu-4 namru nuiru i-na-pah(text
ab-ba DN laldsa isrup she wept and relieved -qu) arkisu bright day which shines greatly,
her heart, Nintu wailed to her heart's content the bright light of which flares up behind him
Lambert-Millard Atra-hasis 96 iv 13, cf. ibid. 4 KAR 104:13 (hymn to Nabu).
(OB); [x-x]-ti-is-8u libbasu saripma [x-x]-at 2' in personal names: gama-ne-bi-'
laleSu hummutiS 4-na-ab-ba .... his heart is
VAS 8 1:23, 2:21, cf. Samas-ne-bi(?) UET 5
burning, passionately he wails [...] of his
109:41 (all OB); Ina-se-ri-ne-bi PSBA 29
desire MIO 12 53:8 (OB lit.), cf. sarpis -nam-
273:24 (MB); Nabz-ina-same-ne-bi VAS 6
ba (in broken context) Gilg. II iv 4; isassi
82:12, Nabi-ne-bi-ana-ili CT 44 36:20, Nab-
Istar kima dlitti 4-nam-ba (var. u -nam-bi)
nd-eb-ana-ili Nbk. 320:2, 5, 7, 10, wr. Nabh-
Belet-il tdbat rigma Istar cries like a woman
SA 4-a-na-ili Nbk. 134:3 (all NB).
in labor, the Queen of the Gods, whose voice
is lovely, wails Gilg. XI 117; 4-nam-bi (in c) said of Itar: [...] risdti na-ba-at
broken context) Lambert Love Lyrics 102 i 21, ina [...] [with?] joy she shines among (or:
104 ii 21; ahulap ina ni~ija sa nu-um-be-e u in) [. . . ] KAR 306 r. 6 (hymn to Igtar); 4its
bake have mercy on my people, who live martu na-ba-a-at [x-x]-Sa aggressive one,
amidst wailing and weeping CT 13 48:7 (SB whose [...] is brilliant (incipit of a song)
lit.); 4-nam-ba-a hirdte itanappalaatappi the KAR 158 ii 13, cf. na-ba-at (in broken con-
ditches wail, the branch-canals respond text) AfK 1 28 ii 39; in a personal name:
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nabfl nibutu
flppuha-ne-bat BE 15 188 ii 25, wr. -ne-ba-a- nabft see nap.
at ibid. 163:34 (MB); note, said of Nisaba:
ni-ba-at Nisaba ina gimir ill ka[ligunu(?)] nabudu see nabutu adj.
Nisaba is brilliant among all the gods Lam-
bert BWL 172 iv 7 (Nisaba and Wheat). nabultu see napultu.
In AnSt 8 64 iii 31, ramas ca ni bu su is naburri§ see naburru.

obscure.
naburru s.; battlements; SB.
nabfi see nebt adj.
ultu uSSesa adi na-bur-ri-sa arsip usaklil
nabu A (nabbu) s.; god; OAkk., OB, SB; I constructed (that palace) completely from
Elam. lw. its foundation to its battlements OIP 2 130 vi
na-ab NAB = nab-bu Sb II 3; na-ab NAB = 72, cf. Iraq 7 90:6 (both Senn.); ultu ussesun
na-a-ab MSL 2 132 vi 55 (Proto-Ea); na-ab NAB = adi na-bur-ri-Su-un edsid usepis I had (this
§u-ma Ea II 275, also CT 11 28 K.8503 iii 3; wall) built anew from its foundation to its
[na-ab] [N]AB - na-a-bu A II/6 ii 19; nab = MIN battlements Borger Esarh. 21 Ep. 23:22, also
(= i-[lu]) NIM.KI CT 25 18 r. ii 11 (list of gods).
23; bitu
22 E ii e tu ultu na-bur-ri-s4adi usSisu
zikri pija kinu ki lu Mamni eli na-bi aqqur I tore down that house from its
siruti bielja ma'dis itib the true word of my battlements to its foundation ibid. 4 iv 17;
mouth pleased the exalted gods, my lords, lamassat ert ... birit apsasteulziz na-bur-ri.
as much as fine oil Lyon Sar. 8:55; in personal usme-ma between the apsasi colossi I placed
names: dEN.zu-na-ab-ni Sin-Is-Our-God lamassu colossi of bronze (and thus) made
UET 3 967:7, 1582 r. ii 25 (Ur III), also UET 5 them into (or: reach up to) the n. OIP 2
723:31, cf. dAMAR.UD-na-ab-ni, Tu-tu-na- 133:81 (Senn.); lanu shu na-bur-ri sa[r-hu(?)]
ab-ni cited MAD 3 98 (OB). JNES 11 140:5 (Gilg.).
The NB personal name occurring in TCL Baumgartner, ZA 36 226; Porada, "Battlements
in the Military Architecture and in the Symbolism
Na-bi-e-ta5 -gab-bi,
12 8:11, 22 is to be read
of the Ancient Near East," in Essays in the History
see Zadok, BiOr 33 227. of Architecture, presented to Rudolph Wittkower,
1967, p. 10f.
nabu B s.; (a louse); SB.
u h = uplu, na-a-bu, kalmatu, purSu'u Hh. XIV na'butu see abdtu B.
249ff., cf. (in same context) [i-uh] ~ = na-a-bu
Idu II 12, u-uh uvH.u = na-a-bu Diri II 71, cf. nabutu (nabudu, fem. ndbuttu) adj.;
also [u-uh] [v.] = na-a-bu, kalmatu A V/2:138;
[nu]-u u. = na-a-bu Recip. Ea B Section 3, also
runaway, fugitive; OB, Mari, MA, NB; cf.
Ea V 109, A V/2:148; uh.tag.ga - na-a-bu abdtu B.
Izi J ii 13; x-ri-x-x HIxx = na-b[u-um] (followed
by kalmatu) MSL 2 154 App. 4:3' (Proto-Ea), a) in gen.: oGME-ki-na haliqtam na-bu-ut-
see MSL 14 137 No. 15. ta-[am] your (fem. pl.) lost (and) fugitive
t a-zal-lu-u : A6 na-a-bu Uruanna III 93. slave girl Kraus AbB 1 28:6; inanna Salsum
na-bu-tum annum Sa innabitu now this is the
summa kakkabu ana na-a-bi itur if (in a third fugitive who fled ARMT 13 108 r. 6';
dream) a star turns into n. (followed by kalab sabum na-bu-[tum(?)] Sa i[n]a zumur SIG4
amas, ssu) 2R 49 No. 4:62 (SB omens); nenmudu madma (see zumru usage d-2') ARM
arqat lessu kali ziqinsu kiSdssu na-bu re-sic 2 131:33.
nirhu his cheek is pale, his beard is yellow,
his neck is a n., his head is a little snake b) as personal name: Na-bu-tum UET 5
STT 215 iv 62 (inc.). 646:5, 657: 14, 658:13, 27, Kienast Kisurra 64:2
(OB); Na-bu-du Iraq 30 pi. 51 TR 2065:3', ibid.
See also nebu and ndp. pl. 49 TR 2057 A 4, for other MA names see
Landsberger Fauna 126. Saporetti Onomastica 2 139; Na-bu-tu VAS 6
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nabutu nadanu
56:15, VAS 4 5:13, 173:4, Na-bu-tu VAS 3 1. gift (RS, Bogh.): a hadi libbi 9a gar
167:4 (all NB). Ugarit ana maganni na-da-an-Su liddin u da
la libbiSu ana na-da-ni NIG.BA-U lui la
c) as family name (NB): Na-bu-i-tu
inandin if it pleases the king of Ugarit to
VAS 3 140:7.
make a present, let him make a gift to him,
nabutu see abatu B. (and) if it does not please him to give (one),
he need not make a present to him MRS 9 83
nadabaktu see natbaktu. RS 17.382+ :56 (let. of Murshili II); na-da-an-
sa a [itta]din mutSa [tal]taqe u tapattar she
nadabaku see natbaku. takes the gift which her husband gave her
and leaves MRS 6 65 RS 16.200:20, also 28, cf.
**nadabu (AHw. 700b) see natdalh v. ittadin na-da-na ana PN [asda]tisu ibid. 156
mng. 5. RS 16.253:5; urram Seram LU mamman la
ilaqqe na-da-na Sa Sarri ann4 istu qdti PN for
nadadu v.; 1. (uncert. mng.), 2. nuddudu
all time no one must take this gift of the king
to curry (a horse), to comb; MA, NB;
from PN ibid. 118 RS 15.155:21.
I inaddid, II.
BUL = tu-na-da-ad Ebeling Wagenpferde 37 Ko 5 2. tribute, due, delivery - a) in hist.:
(MA comm.). ina muhhi 20 immere iten immera na-dan
satti eliSunu uktin I set for them as yearly
1. (uncert. mng.): PN ma'dis pirki ittija
tribute one sheep out of every twenty sheep
it-te-dib-bu-ub mimmu kalamu ul i-na-di-id
Lie Sar. 285, also Winckler Sar. pl. 13 No. 28:7;
PN has spoken to me in a very nasty way, he
eli bilti mahriti na-dan(var. -da-an) sattiiun
does not .... at all (now, PN is in Babylon,
mandattu ... uraddima ukin serumsun I im-
my lord should speak with him) CT 22 66:10
posed upon them a more substantial gift than
(NB let.).
was the former annually delivered tribute
2. nuddudu to curry (a horse), to comb - OIP 2 33 iii 35, also ibid. 70:30 (Senn.), Borger
a) to curry a horse: see (occurring between Esarh. 49 iii 18; sisi rabiti [madd]attu na-dan
turammak "you bathe (the horses)" and sattigu ukin serusu I imposed on him a
tuseld "you let them come up (from the tribute of large horses due every year Streck
river)") Ebeling Wagenpferde, in lex. section. Asb. 168 r. 26; sa ... la inandinu mandattu
na-dan Sattiun adik I killed those who had
b) to comb: you make a figurine of not given their tribute, their yearly deliveries
Lamastu subdt imakkal ihamnu tulabbassi ibid. 80 ix 119.
silli gisimmari tu-na-da-a[s-si] (var. tu-nam-
ta-as-s[i]) you clothe it in an everyday blue b) other occs.: x silver ilki gamrtu
garment, you comb(?) her with date palm sdb sarri ... u mimma na-da-na-a-tu a bit
thorn 4R 55 No. 1 r. 27 (Lamastu III), var. from sarri complete ilku duty for a soldier in the
80-7-19,108 r. 6 (courtesy F. Kocher). king's service, and any (other) dues to the
palace (PN has received) PBS 2/1 125:2, also
For OA refs. see nuddudu. ibid. 3:1 and 12, 40:13, 52:3, 63:2 and 17, 66:2,
nadal (or natal) s.; (a plant); NB.* 87:2, 99:2, 195:2, 217:2, TuM 2-3 184:2, 187:2,
188:2, 189:1, BE 9 94a:10, BE 10 91:2, and pas-
na-da-al SAR CT 14 50:46 (list of plants in
sim in these texts, see Augapfel p. 111 s.v., Car-
Merodachbaladan's garden).
dascia Muraui 98f., cf. mimma na-da-na-a-
nadani§ see nadanu v. mng. la-l'. turn gabbi ja bit sarri PBS 2/1 128:1 and 11,
mimma na-da-na-at ibid. 47:1; put eteru ,ia
nadanu s.; 1. gift, 2. tribute, due, delivery; uttati a' x GUR ina na-da-na-ti-94 ina qctidu
MB, Bogh., RS, SB, NB; NB pl. naddndtu; PN nadi PN guarantees payment of the
cf. naddnu v. above-mentioned x gur of barley from the
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nadanu nadanu
deliveries that are at his disposal CT 49 102:9; Saddinu, muztaddinu, muttaddinu, nadanu s.,
libb4 na-dan Sa ina Bdbili ina MN ... innan naddinu,nddindnu,nddinatu,nadintu,nddinu,
dinu according to the deliveries that are to nddittu, nadnu, nidintu, nidnu, nudunnd,
be made in Babylon in MN ibid. 111:7, of. tadduntu, tadinanu, tadnu, tidintu.
ibid. 8f.; 6 T1Gr sIG5 Sa kal satti na-dan Sarri ,a
SamaS Aja u Bunene six fine garments for su-um sUM = na-da-nu Ea IV 127; suM = na-
[da-nu] CT 12 30 38179:14 (text similar to Idu),
the entire year, delivery from the king to also Nabnitu XVII 1 (Nabnitu XVI catch line);
Samag, Aja, and Bunene BBSt. No. 36 vi 6 in.sum = id-di-in, [i]n.sum.mu.us = i[d]-di-nu,
(NB); twelve sheep na-[da]n GN ultu MU.2. in.sum.mu = i-na-ad-din, in.sum.mu.ne =
KAM RN adi MU.25.KAM RN2 delivery from i-na-ad-di-nu, in.na.an.sum = id-din-au, in.na.
an.sum.mu.us = id-di-nu-§u, in.na.an.sum.
GN, from the second year of Ninurta-
mu - i-na-ad-din-u(!), in.n[a.an].sum.mu.ne
kudurri-usur to the 25th year of Nabu- = i-na-ad-di-nu(!)-§u Ai. I i 17ff., cf. (with dative
mukin-apli BBSt. No. 9 iii 12 (NB); na-da-an suffixes) ibid. 25-28; sum.mu.dam= i-na-ad-din,
kaspi (in broken context) MDP 6 pl. 11 No. 1 bi.in.sum = id-din Ai.II i 48f.; i[n].na.an.sum
i 13 (Merodachbaladan I kudurru), see Borger, = id-din, nu in.na.an.sum = ul MIN, ba.an.
sum = id-din, nu.ba.an.sum = ul MIN Hh. II
AfO 23 12. 70ff.; sum.mu.dam = id-din, sum.mu.dam.e
= i-nam-din, sum.mu.dam.e.m e = i-nam-di-nu,
nadanu (tadanu) v.; 1. to give, to make a nu sum.mu.dam = ul i-nam-din Hh. I 258ff.;
payment, to offer a gift, a sacrifice, to grant ab.ba.sum = it-ta-din Ai. II i 50; sag.sum =
na-da-nu, pa-qa-du Kagal B 233f.
a share, to hand over (a document, an insigne), [ga.ab].um = lu-ud-di-in, [ga.na.ab].sum
to entrust (a boat), to proffer (water, a = lu-ud-di-in-um, [ga.ra.ab].sum = lu-ud-di-in-
goblet), to create (Achaem. inscrs. only), to kum, [ga.mu.ra.ab].sum = lu-ud-di-na-kum,
hand over, to surrender, extradite, to assign [ga.ab .su]m. um = lu-u[t-ta]-ad-di-in, etc.
OBGT II r. 8'ff., and note the gloss usUM.mu.
a person, etc., to make a person take an oath,
na.ab CT 42 7 No. 4 i 17.
to grant powers, qualities, etc. (said mainly ze.em = sum = na-da-nu (var. [nil-[...])
of gods), to grant progeny, to transfer Emesal Voc. III 119; gA.ba.z6.m = ma.an.sum
persons, valuables, real estate in leg. and = id-di-[nam] ibid. 176.
econ. contexts (with ana), to sell (with ana si-i suM = na-da-n[u] S b I 201; [s]i-i SUM =
na-[da-nu] (or na-[du-~]) Idu II 87, and note the
kaspi, ana imi, ana mahdra), nadanu u gloss sisTM.ga.am CT 42 7 No. 4 i 8.
mahdru to do business, na~ u nadanu to [ga-ar] GAR = .d-ka-nu, [na]-da-nu A III/6:30f.;
transfer real estate, personnel, (in math.) to mu-u MU = na-da-nu A III/4:28; tum = na-da-nu
give a result, a value, to permit, to allow Igituh I 134; DIN = na-da-nu MSL 9 136:614
(Proto-Aa); [§u-ub] [gUB] = [na]-da-nu §a DINGIR
(p. 43), 2. in idiomatic expressions (arranged
A VI/4:163.
alphabetically) (p. 52), 3. Suddunu to cause su.ku.ga hu.un.gub, kud.e mu.un.gub =
to hand over (silver, etc., goods), to cause to ana Ktr na-[da-nu] Nabnitu J 28f.
sell, (with libbu) to direct one's attention in.su[m.sum] = u-ia-ad-din Ai. III i 54;
(causative to mngs. 1 and 2) (p. 55), 4. utadr ba.sum = i[n-na(?)]-din Ai. II i 28.
& .s = su-ta-du-nu Nabnitu J 43; KAx KU.
dunu to agree to swear an oath to each
other (p. 57), 5. sutaddunu to be collected
(passive to mng. 3) (p. 57), 6. Sutaddunu to
voc.); [na]-da-nu, [MIN 1d]
[MIN] EME.SAL
§u-me,
KAX KU = bu-ul-fu suM-nu CT 18 30 r. ii 26 (group
(Sum. destroyed)
[MIN ad] ap-li,
Antagal O
intermingle, to deliberate, to discuss (p. 57), column A 4'ff.
[sum.m]a.ab lugal.la.kex(KID) : na-da-nu a
7. IV to be given, delivered, to be sold
Iarri to give gifts is up to the king (to please, up
(passive to mngs. 1 and 2) (p. 58); from to the cup-bearer) Lambert BWL 258:5; ga.an.
OAkk. on; I (for forms see mng. la), 1/2, diri.ga a.ba mu.ra.an.sum : luttirma manna
1/3, III, III/2, III/3, IV, IV/2, IV/4 (it-ta- i-nam-din if I give profusely who will give to me?
ta-at-ti-[in] HSS 13 234:29); wr. syll. and (Sum. to you) ibid. 241 ii 47; nam.ti.la sum.mu
: (Sa) balafai-nam-di-nu CT 16 36:6f.; nam.nir.
SUM, rarely MU (VAS 6 83:2, TuM 2-3 238:3, gal mu.ra.an.sum : etellita id-din-cka Symbolae
CT 49 102:6, 106:6, etc., and in personal names), Bohl 48:7f., cf. [m]a.ra.an.sum : [i]d-di-kum
in personal names also A§; cf. maddattu, mu AnBi 12 71:15 (let. to the Moon God); A.ag.ga.bi
42
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nadanu nadanu la
h u.mu.ra.ab.sum.mu : urtalunu lid-din-ka Malku IV 92 f.; u-ta-ad-da-nu§u-ta-du-numit-lu-uk
may he give you command over them CT 16 Thompson Rep. 195:5 (for context see mng. 6c);
44:110f.; gi.rnal.zu sum.ma.ab : [ki]t-t[a]-ki tu--ad-ddan 5R 45 K.253 vi 50 (gramm.), cf. tu-
id-din STT 151 r. 5, see JNES 26 203:32; ku.a. Sad-dan ibid. vii 32.
ga.l (kei.da> u.mu.un.ni.in.sum : naruqqa lim-di = na-da-nu JRAS 1917 104:46 (Kassite
rakistu i-din-u-nu-ti-ma give them a sealed Voc.), see Balkan Kassit. Stud. 3f.
leather bag JTVI 26 154 iii 7, see RA 65 127, cf.
u.me.ni.sum : i-din-ma CT 17 6 iii 12ff., also 1. to give, to make a payment, to offer a
6 iii 10f.; maM zi.a.ni.9e ba.an.sum : urisa
ana napiltilu it-ta-din he gave a he-goat in place gift, a sacrifice, to grant a share, to hand over
of his life CT 17 37 Tablet Z col. B 16f., cf. ibid. (a document, an insigne), to entrust (a boat),
18-25; en.nu.un.ak.e.de in.sum, en.nu. to proffer (water, a goblet), to create (Achaem.
un.ak.e.de in.na.an.sum : ana MIN (= mass inscrs. only), to hand over, to surrender,
?arti) id-din Ai. III ii 67f., cf. en.nu.un.ak.e.de extradite, to assign a person, etc., to make
in.na.an.sum : ana massaruti id-din ibid. 70,
also in.na.an.sum : id-din Ai. IV iii 24; note: a person take an oath, to grant powers,
na.ar.ra a.ba ma.an.su (corr. to ga.ra a.ba qualities, etc. (said mainly of gods), to grant
ma.an.sum) : jdi mannu i-na-an-di-na who will progeny, to transfer persons, valuables, real
give me (a servant as reliable as you)? Labat Suse estate in leg. and econ. contexts (with ana),
No. 1 iii 4ff.; [... ga].mu.ra.an.iu : [GIZ]KIM
AMA-mi-ia Ca-lu-ul-ta lu-ud-din-ku Ugaritica 5 to sell (with ana kaspi, ana Simi, anamahdra),
No. 169:30f. and dupl. KUB 4 2:2. nadanu u mahdru to do business, nag u
ni.zu mu.lu kur.ra na.an.ze.6m.m : nadanu to transfer real estate, personnel,
ramanka ana nakri la ta-nam-din do not give (in math.) to give a result, a value, to permit,
yourself to the enemy SBH p. 128 No. 83 r. 47f.,
to allow - a) forms - 1' in OAkk.: iddin
cf. mu.un.na.ab.ze.em.m : a-nam-din ASKT
p. 128 r. 3f.; mu.un.ga ma.al.la kir.re (also spelled it-ti-sum, da-at-ti-in-sum-ma,
ba.an.ze.em : makkurii akna ana nakri ta-ad-din at-ti-kum, in personal names often i-ti- and
you have handed over the accumulated treasure da-ti-) - inaddan - imp. idin, inf. naddnum
to the enemy SBH p. 70 No. 39:8f., of. urir (na-da-ni-is qabi RA 13 133:10). See Gelb,
umun.e ba.ze.6m.mh : alu a beli id-di-na
ibid. p. 80 No. 46:13f., also uru.zu ba.an.z6.em MAD 22 179 and 3 196ff.
: alu ia id-di-nu-ma ibid. p. 78 No. 44:29f.;
e.zu mu.lu kur.ra a.ginx(GIM) mu.un.na. 2' in OA: iddin - iddan (but i-na-di-nu
z6.6m : bitka a nakri ki ta-ad-din ibid. p. 70 BIN 4 50:29, i-na-di-in-ma BIN 6 181:7,
No. 39:15f.; nu.us ba.an.z[6.e]m.ma nu.us a-na-da-na-ku-um TCL 4 87:44) - tadin,
ba.an.z[6.em.ma] : lu-man i-nam-[di-n]a MIN imp. din, inf. taddnum (but naddnum KTS
ibid. p. 14 No. 6 r. 5f.; mudra(text AN) z.em.
mu.a : na-din ha~!i Perry Sin No. 1:34f. 25b: 16), 1/2 ittidin, 1/3 ittaddin - ittanad
me al.nu.di.di nig.mu mu.ra.an.gar : din, imp. itaddin. See Veenhof Old Assyrian
paras la erBei mimmeja a-da-ki I will give you the Trade 441.
rite which is not to be asked for, whatever I have
TCL 6 51 r. 39f.; ki.sikil ... aa.zu a.ri.a.an. 3' in OB: iddin (it-ti UET 5 88:7) -
Ai.ib : ana ardatu ... idka i-din-si give your hand inaddin (inandin, but i-na-da-an VAS 10 214
to the young woman ibid. 13f.
dNagar.s.ga ki.sikil. la(var. .ta) sum. vii 13) - nadin (but tadin in ta-ad-nu-su-
sum.mu : mut-ta-ad-di-na-at ar-da-a-ti CT 24 nu-si-im OECT 335:8), imp. idin, idni, inf.
13 ii 6 and dupls. (list of gods). naddnum, 1/2 ittadin, ittandin, ittadnu, 1/3
TUrI[x (X)lDIS = na-da-nu Izbu Comm. 163; ittanaddin (but ta-at-na-da-an-Si VAS 10 214
[qa-a]-a-dA // qa-a-u // [na-da-nul, i-lam //Id-a-mu //
ii 9).
na-da-[nu] Lambert BWL 80 comm. to lines 196ff.
(Theodicy Comm.); u-bil-lu [i/] [ba-ba-lul /na-da-nu
ibid. 82 to line 202. 4' in Mari, OB Alalakh, Shemshara: iddin
ku-ut-lu-mu, e-pe-ru, za-na-nu, ha-a-Ju, ku-un- (i-ti-in Studia Mariana 52 date No. 6, li-in-di-
nu-St, Ad-ra-ku, (uh-hu-u, qd-a-su = na-da-nu nu-[ma] ZA 55 134 SH 811:21, Shemshara) -
Malku IV 181 ff.; su-ut-lu-mu, qa-a-su, si-rik-tu, inaddin, imp. idin, inf. naddnum, 1/2 ittadin,
pa-qa-du, tu-[lul-u = na-da-nu LTBA 2 2: 210ff.
and dupl. 1 v 4ff.; qa-a-pa // na-da-nu JNES 33
1/3 ittaddin (lu-ut-ta-ad-d[i-in] ARM 1 52:9,
332:44 (comm.). cf. ARM 5 6:21, li-it-ta-ad-di-nu-s-u-nu-i-im
6u-ta-ad-du-nu= mit-lu-[ku], a-ma-tud Ju-ta-b[u-lu] ARM 1 60:15) - ittanaddin.
43
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nadanu la nadanu la
5' in Elam: iddin - inandin (inaddin) - 12' in MA: iddin - iddan (ta-na-di-na-ni
nadin (tadin MDP 23 325:8 and 33, MDP 28 KAV 194:22, inaddin KAJ 52:15 and 20,
404:20), imp. idin, inf. naddnu, 1/2 ittadin. 77:15f., 87: 5f., 132:15, KAV 2 v 12, 18 and vii 17,
inaddan KAJ 124a r. 7, i-na-ta-a-an KAJ
6' in Bogh.: iddin - inandin, imp. idin, 146:6) - tadin, imp. din and idin (fem. id-ni,
inf. naddnu, 1/2 ittadin (e.g., it-ta-ad-na-an-ni see mng. lf-2'), inf. taddnu, 1/2 ittidin (it-ta-
KBo 1 3:35, it-ta-an-nu KUB 3 34 r. 3, 67 r. 1, an-n[a-a-,u] ZA 50 194:9', i-ta-nu OIP 79 No.
it-tan-nu KBo 18:14, aknuk at-ta-an-na-as-Su 5:18, ta-at-ta-na-Su-ni ibid. No. 3:21, cf.
KBo 1 6:5, 8:15 and 30, KUB 3 51 r.(?) 5, etc.), ibid. 18), 1/3 a-ta-na-ad-nu KAV 96:12, ta-ta-
1/3 ittaddin- ittanaddin(ittanandin),perfect na-ad-nu KAV 194:16. See Saporetti, Studi
ittatad[din] (KUB 4 33:3, etc., it-ta-ta-as-Sa- Rinaldi 35ff., W. Mayer, AOAT Sonderreihe 2 93 f.
as-su KUB 3 14:10). See Labat L'Akkadien
13' in kudurru inscr.: iddin - inandin -
171f.
nadin (na-DAN BBSt. No. 8 iii 6), inf. naddnu,
1/2 ittadin.
7' in MB: iddin - inamdin (inandin) -
nadin, imp. idin, inf. naddnu, 1/2 ittadin 14' in SB (lit. and hist.): iddin (lid-nu-ni
(ittadnu, with assimilation it-ta-an-na-ds-sum CT 15 46 r. 19, Descent of Istar) - inamdin
MDP 2 pl. 22 v 13, 32, it-ta-nu-ni-ik-ku PBS (inandin, i-nam-dak-ka-ma Lambert BWL
1/2 29:9). See Aro Glossar 67f. 146:42) - nadin, imp. idin, inf. naddnu
(na-DIN zibika ABL 1285:5, ia na-DIN kdsi
8' in EA: iddin - inandin (inaddin) Surpu II 108), 1/2 ittadin, I/3 ta-at-ta-an-na
(ta-da-an-Si BASOR 94 20 No. 1:29, Taanach) CT 17 50:9f., var. ta-ad-da-na AMT 25,2 r. 23
- nadin, imp. idin, inf. naddnu, 1/2 ittadin and 25, ta-at-tan-na-an-ni Cagni Erra IV 69,
(ta-at-ta-ad-ni EA 48:5, at-ta-an-na-as-Su at-tan(var. -ta)-nak-ki CT 17 50:11, var. from
EA 21:14, it-ta-an-na EA 29:141, [i]t-ta-na- AMT 25,2 r. 27, at-tan-nak-kum-ma Gilg. XI
ak-ku EA 17:28), 1/3 (perfect) at-ta-ta-ad-din 265, ta-at-tan-na-ma ibid. 260, mu-ta-din
EA 21:27. WSem. forms: na-da-an RA 19 kurmeti Unger Bel-harran-beli-ussur 4, mut-
99:14, jaddin, jiddin (also ju-da-na-ni EA ta-ad-di-na-atitbdru STC 2 pl. 75:10.
79:33), juddan, tuddan(tu-da(!)-nu-na BASOR
94 23 No. 2:20, Taanach), nuddan (also ftul-din- 15' in NA: iddin - iddan - tadin (ta-
ni EA 83:30). See Ebeling-Knudtzon, VAB 2 dan-nu (for tadnu) ABL 212:25), imp. din,
p. 1476ff. inf. taddnu (naddnu ABL 36 r. 15), 1/2 ittidin,
and, before vocalic suffixes, with assimilation
9' in RS: iddin - inandin (inaddin) of -dn- to -nn-, e.g., it-ta-an-nu-ni-su ADD
(i-na-(an)-da-na MRS 9 223 RS 17.383:46f.), 677 r. 9, it-ta-na ABL 421:8, it-ta-an-nu-ni
imp. idin (inna Ugaritica 5 33:23), 1/2 ittadin ABL 126 r. 5 (coll.), it-tan-nu-ni Layard
(na-at-ta-din-mi MRS 9 163 RS 17.341:25', 29', p. 96:153 (Shalm. III), i-ta-nu TCL 9 62:5, 15,
ti-it-ta-din MRS 6 129 RS 16.343:7), 1/3 ittas 17, i-ta-an-nu ABL 506 r. 9, i-ta-na-na-si
naddin. ABL 537 r. 18, ta-at-ta-an-na-i-nu Craig
ABRT 1 24 r. i 5, at-ta-nak-ka ibid. r. ii 15,
10' in MB Alalakh: iddin - inandin a-ta-na-da-si-nu ABL 131:15, etc., 1/3, at-ta-
(inaddin), 1/2 ittadin, I/3 ittanandin. na-ad-da-nak-ka Craig ABRT 1 5:11.
11' in Nuzi: iddin (also indin) - inandin 16' in NB (ABL): iddin (before -aCC-,
(inaddin, i-na-an-di JEN 404:27, i-na-an-ti i.e., ventive sg. + pron. suffix, by syncope:
JEN 403:25, ta-na-an-ta-ni AASOR 16 31:5, id-da-da-i ABL 292 r. 7, ad-da-d-su ABL
ni-na-ta-ad-su JEN 355:38) - nadin, inf. 412:16, nid-dak-ka ABL 1387 r. 7) - inamdin
naddnu, 1/2 ittadin (ittadnu, ni-it-ta-di JEN (inandin) (a-nam-dan ABL 795 r. 14, 1339:9,
644:11, it-ta-at-ti JEN 403:21). with pron. suffixes i-nam-dak-ka ABL 755 r.
44
oi.uchicago.edu
nadanu lb nadanu lb
17, ABL 1162:6, etc., a-nam-da-4~-si ABL 292 sibtam ... SattiSamma li-ta-di-in ICK 1 13:19;
r. 11) - nadin, imp. idin ABL 527:4, ku.pad.du.ni in.sum : MIN (= sibirtaSu)
in-na-a ABL 1261:14, etc., inf. nadanu, 1/2 id-din he has paid with a block (of silver)
ittadin; occasionally final -n followed by -s- Ai. II iv 26', also III ii 14a and 15; ka.k e
of a pron. suffix gives -88-, e.g., it-ta-di-is-su
ba.ab.sum.mu : kisra i-n[a-din] he pays
ABL 336 r. 11; before vocalic suffix, with rent Ai. VIii 52; a.kiu.i.a.ni ba.an.na.
assimilation of -dn- to -nn-, e.g., it-tan-nu an.sum.mu : manahtasu id-din he (the
ABL 804:12, 1241:11, it-tan-nu-nis-si ABL owner) has paid him (the gardener) for his
1114:14, it-tan-na ABL 1380 r. 11, it-tan-nu-ni improvements Ai. IV iii 35; summa
naptiri4a
ABL 1059 r. 7f., it-tan-nak-ku-nu-,[4] ABL la ta-ad-di-nak-kdm-ma ... terr[adi]ma if she
1246 r. 2, etc. does not give you her ransom price, bring her
back CT 15 47 r. 26 (Descent of I tar), cf. tardu
17' in NB (late): iddin (i-di-i YOS 3
pi-du-[]u ta-[na]m-[d]in KAR 321 r. 2; see
58:13, 19) - inamdin (inandin, inaddin,
also iptiru; pu-ih-Su na-da-nam iqbi he
i-nam-da BRM 1 32:12, i-nam-di-' GCCI 2
promised to provide a replacement for it
111:6, pres. and pret. before -aCC-, i.e.,
TLB 4 74:18, cf. pu-uh sukussisunu i-di-is-
ventive sg. + pron. suffix: iddakku (by syncope
su-nu-si-im-ma ibid. 32, also pu-uh-ti eqlim
from *iddinakku), iddassu, luddakka, etc.,
sudti na-da-nam bell iqtabi ibid. 29; pu-ha-am
e.g., pret. lud-dak-ka VAS 1 70 i 11, etc., lud-
at-ta-di-in ibid. 39:13, pu-hfa-a-tim li-id-di-
da-ds-s' YOS 3 85:9, etc., i-da-sh BIN 1
nu-ni-ik-ki-im PBS 7 40:15, [jpu]-4ha-at biti-
42:11, pres. i-na-ad-da-ds-si4 Nbn. 1031:12,
i-na-an-da-ds-su VAS 6 12:6, i-nam-da-ds-m
sunu i-di-in YOS 8 94:9 (- Grant Bus. Doc. 15,
all OB); if a man upih u ni-ip-la-tim id-di-in
YOS 3 150:12, etc., note it-ta-a-an-ti (= itti
has made an exchange (of field, etc.) and paid
inandin) BE 8 123:23, a-na-da-ka VAS 15
the compensation (for the difference in value)
31: 1, a-nam-dan-ka BRM 1 89:9, etc.; also,
CH § 41:55; kaspu gammur ta-din the silver
by syncope, i-da-ds-sum-ma Strassmaier
is paid completely ADD 340:16, also ADD
Liverpool 8:12 and passim with suffixes, ex-
346:9, 350:10, VAS 1 87:12, and passim in NA
ceptionally id-dan-na TuM 2-3 35:11) -
leg., wr. ta-ad-din ADD 199:6, 207:11,242:10,
nadin (na-dan VAS 6 202:2, YOS 6 115:5, etc.,
ta-din-ni ADD 280:7, 354 r. 4; annuku anniu
na-at-ti YOS 7 22:3, but tadin TCL 9 105:8,
anasim 1 SAL t[a]-ad-na-su this tin was given
12 96:6), imp. idin (in-nam BIN 1 14:28,
to him as the price for one woman KAJ 168:12
in-ni-i CT 22 40:10, etc., see also bi), inf.
(MA); ter-ha-tam id-di-in-ma he has given
naddnu, 1/2 before vocalic suffix, with
the bride price CH § 161:64; he has taken
assimilation of -dn- to -nn-, it-tan-nu: e.g.,
away qi-is-ti Sarrum ... id-di-nu the gift
at-tan-nu AnOr 8 14:20, it-tan-na-an-na-,d
which the king gave CH § 34:60; NiG.BA
TCL 9 98:14, it-tan-na-as-si-ni-ti VAB 3 89
suM-si you give her a gift Or. NS 39 143:19
§ 4:21 (Dar. Na), etc., wr. it-ta-dan-nu TCL 13
186:11, it-ta-ad-dan-'u Dar. 447:13, note, wr.
(namburbi); u a la libbisu ana na-da-ni
id-da-na-ds-si Coll. de Clercq 2 160 (pl. 26) C 17; NiG.BA-U li la i-na-an-din but if he does
occasionally final -n followed by -s- of a pron. not want to make a present (of it) he should
suffix gives -ss-, e.g., i-nam-di-su AnOr 8 52:16, not give (it) MRS 9 83 RS 17.382+ :58; two
id-di-is-su-nu-tim Nbn. 178:28,
shekels of silver ana ni-qi-su a-di-u-<um>
note the
same syncope as in I also in IV: in-nam-da- I gave him for his offering TCL 21 210:13,
(2A-.'1u-nu-tUi VAS 4 34:9.
cf. ni-qi-am a-di-in ibid. 19, also ni-qi-a-am
i-di-nu-nim BIN 4 22:34, cf. ICK 1 90:18; in
b) to make a payment, to offer a gift, a 1/3: ana ni-qi-i-gu-nua-td-di-u-nu-ti BIN 4
sacrifice, to grant a share: igri saridim Sabbu 145:29 (all OA); na-din surqinnt muahmit
imimma la ta-da-na-su-um the donkey driver's taklime he (Nusku) gives (i.e., makes
wages have been paid, you (pl.) must not give possible) surqinnu offerings, delivers taklimu
him anything BIN 4 53:8 (OA); note in 1/3: offerings on time Craig ABRT 1 35:6, cf.
45
oi.uchicago.edu
nadanu Ic nadanu ld
(addressing Marduk) ta-nam-din taklima Sa qaqqaru aga' id-din-nu sa sameannitu
AfO 19 65 iii 12; na-din isqi u nindabe En. el. id-din-nu a ameliitu id-din-nu a dumqi
VII 85, cf. [na]-din nindabe ana ill mahdzi ana amelhti id-din-nu (the god) who created
LKA 139:45, of. also BA 5 670 No. 27:15, Maqlu this earth, created this heaven, created
II 138, and see nindabU; na-din qutrinni ana mankind, granted blessings to mankind VAB
il rabdti KAR 55:10, na-din te'Uti ana 3 107 § 1: 2ff., 101 § 1: 3ff., and passim in Achaem.
puFur(!) ildni Langdon Tammuz pl. 6 i 13. insors., replacing ib-nu-ut, e.g., ibid. 111 1: 2f.
d) to hand over, to surrender, extradite,

c) to hand over (a document, an insigne),
to assign persons, etc., to make a person take
to entrust (a boat), to proffer (water, a
an oath - 1' to hand over persons: mdrti
goblet), to create (Achaem. inscrs. only):
lu-ud-di-kum-ma ahuz I will give you my
mahar patrim Sa ASSur tuppam a-di-in
CCT 5 12b:20, also (with gibfitu)
TCL 21 271:43,
daughter, marry (her) TCL 1756:40; umma
PN-ma ana PN 2 na-ad-na-a-ku Boyer Contribu-
CCT 5 10b:25, etc. (all OA); tuppa ... PN ana
tion 124:10, cf. PN ahi PN ana PN,id-na-as-
PN2 ana ta-da-ni qabi PN was ordered to hand
Su-ma VAS 16 196:10; warad ta-ad-di-na-
over a document to PN2 KAJ 132: 11 (MA); mu-
am-ma istu ta-ad-di-na marus the slave you
da-sa-am la id-di-nu they did not hand over
gave me has been sick ever since you gave
the list BIN 7 6:9 (OB); na-din hatti elleti ana
(him) to me PBS 7 94:22, cf. amtam ana
Sarri pdlihiSu RAcc. 134:244, cf. na-din hatti
mamman ul a-na-ad-di-in YOS 2 149:21, also
u pale ana DN u DN, Craig ABRT 2 13 r. 8,
ibid. 9, 15, 24; amtam id-ni-is-gum Kraus AbB
na-din hatti kusse Langdon Tammuz pl. 6 i 4,
1 51:14, also 15, 20, ABIM 21:40, Sumer 14 69
na-din hattu kussi u pald TCL 6 53:8 (Sum.
No. 44:9, VAS 7 188:7; suhdrum sa PN
damaged); the gods kuss sa kinati ... ana
iraddiakkunmim ana PN, id-na-su-ma TLB 4
Sarri ... it-tan-nu Thompson Rep. 20 r. 6; 34:35, cf. suhdrtam arhis id-ni-im Kraus AbB
na-din hatti u age AKA 28 i 2 (Tigl. I), and
1 117:17; puhSu saniamma li-di-na-ak-kum
passim, see Perry Sin No. 1:34f., in lex.
he should give you another (as) replacement
section; (Iftar) na-di-na-at aguhhi KAR
TCL 17 12:14, of. OBT Tell Rimah 101:9 and 22,
306:24; the gods na-di-nu-te hatti kusse who
also ana piihtiki na-ad-na-[ku] ibid. 162:32
had handed over (to me) scepter and throne
(all OB); puhi ardija id-nam-mi MRS 9 168
Streck Asb. 258 i 34, etc.; aSu na-dan ildnisu
RS 17.337:7; ul bandt suharti id-di-nu-ni
usalldnnima he implored me to hand over
the young woman he gave me was not
(to him the images of) his gods Borger Esarh.
beautiful EA 1:80 (let. from Egypt), cf. anumf
53 iv 9, cf. aSSu na-dan Istar imhursuma
ma 2 LTJ.[TURIl at-ta-din EA 156:10; ina
Streck Asb. 222 No. 19:11; ana PN maldhi
emgqimma it-[ta]-din-si under duress, he
E.GAL at-ta-din I entrusted the "palace" to
gave her EA 29:18; PN ana PN, urdisu it-ti-
the boatman Puzur-Amurri Gilg. XI 95; he
din ABL 223 r. 2 (NA); kiim habullesu mar'assu
approaches the king me-e ana qdt sarrim
ana PN it-ti-din ADD 86:9; na-a[d]-nu-ma
i-na-ad-di-in and proffers water for (the
abbinu our forefathers are gone (lit. have
washing of) the king's hands RA 35 3 r. iv
been given away, they went the way of death)
12 (Mari rit.), cf. arkiSu me ana qdt ildni suM-in
Lambert BWL 70:16 (Theodicy).
BBR No. 75-78:4, also ikrib me ... iL-ma ...
ana qdt iii SvM-nu the benediction for 2' to surrender a city, extradite a person:
bringing the water and proffering it to the slam Sibituzu ana nakrim i-na-di-nu-Su its
god ibid. 11, ikrib me ana qte iii svM-nu elders will surrender the city to its enemy
tadabbub ibid. r. 55; ana ildni Aa iame me RA 27 149:27 (OB ext.); Summa ha-bi-ir-ku-nu
a-nam-din I am proffering water to the gods i-na qa-tim ta-na-ad-di-na id-na-ni-in-ne if
in heaven Maqlu 147; Na-din-m-qdt (name you want to extradite those who cross over to
of a god) Burpu VIII 9; used in Achaem. you, extradite (them) to me ARM 14 72: 19f.,
royal inscrs. in the sense of "to create": of. ibid. 73 r. 7' and 12'; 12 ERiN.HII.A PN ki
46
oi.uchicago.edu
nadanu Id nadanu ld
irkusu ana hazanni GN it-ta-din PN drafted kaparrushepherds OECT 3 40:9, cf. mdri PN
twelve men for work and turned them over sa ana kullizi ta-ad-di-na-u-nu-ti VAS 16
to the mayor of GN PBS 1/2 15:15 (MB let.); 111: 7; send word to PN Si-na redi li-id-di-nam
the people of GN will not kill him ana [qdt] that he should assign two redd soldiers to me
ami ul i-na-an-ti-nu-su and will not TCL 18 114:32; the list of those men sa ana
extradite him to the Sun KBo 1 5 ii 14; ana MA.i.DUB ta-na-a[d-di-nu] LIH 36:11, of.
na-[d]a-na-[n]i ana <<a-na>
PN j[ip]us ipla sdbam mala ana MA.i.DUB.HI.A ta-ad-di-nu
r[aba] he did a terrible thing in order to ibid. 75:23; one man was taken out of the
deliver me up to Aziru EA 138:104; he had corvee u tahhum Sandmma na-ad-na-kum
escaped from PN u inannata-ad-[di]-in-8uina but another one has been given to you as a
qdti PN-[ma] but now you have extradited replacement PBS 7 43 r. 13; 2 LU.MES i-din-
him to the same PN MRS 9 111 RS 17.315:8, sum-[ma] tappissu lilli[ku] assign two men
cf. mdrat rabiti sa hita tetapaS u it-ta-din-sa to him so that they may give him assistance
ina qdti RN ibid. 142 RS 17.228:23; (a fugitive PBS 7 80:7; x sdbam i-di-in-ma [§a]hdm ana
slave) immatime belsu illakam u ta-na-din GN li4S Fish Letters 22:8; 1 lim ERIN.HI.A ana
as soon as his owner comes you extradite him ajimma lu-ud-di-in to whom should I assign
Wiseman Alalakh 2:25, cf. ibid. 26; ana bel a thousand men? TIM 2 23:22; 1 UGULA
napS~te i-du-nu-us they hand over (the MAR.TU sa Lt Idamaraz.MES ana PN a-na-ad-
murderer) to the owner of the killed (slave) di-in-ma TLB 4 3:33, cf. ana 30 ERIN na-
KAV 2 ii 17 (Ass. Code B § 2); ussabbitu it-tan- da-nim aspurakkumma TCL 17 41:5, cf. ibid.
nu-ni (the sons of PN) they arrested and 13, etc.; note ina mare tamkdrim taklitim 2
extradited WO 2 226:153 (Shalm. III); ana gina i-di-iS-Su-nu-si-im-ma assign to them
RN id-di-nu-si nakris they delivered him two from among the reliable merchants TIM 2
up to Hezekiah (treating him) as if he were 15:35, cf. tamkaram ul id-di-nu-nim TCL 18
an enemy OIP 2 31 ii 77 (Senn.); qibit pisu 113:10 (all OB); 3 imi scdbam at-ta-di(!)-in
erhu ul amgur ul a-din-4 munnabti Sdtunu ARM 1 42:11; 7 LU.MES Ga ... belz li-id-di-is-
I did not give in to his order spoken insolently sum may my lord assign seven porters to him
and did not extradite these refugees to him ARM 5 58:11, cf. [sdb]am ni-it-ta-na-di-in
Streck Asb. 110 v 3; nis sa ana PN isbatuni ARM 1 16:19; NAM.LP.Ux(GISGAL).LU.ME§ ana
ana mat Elamti id-di-nu-u-ni the people who belija ... a-nam-din Aro, WZJ 8 573 HS
seized PN and handed (him) over to Elam 115:30, of. [a]milta i-nam-di-nu-nim-ma
Iraq 34 22:27 (NA let.); 53 napsdti PN ussabs ibid. 568 HS 111:16, ERIN.HI.A i-din-ma PBS
bita ana PN2 a qurbiti sa mar garri it-ti-din 1/2 27:16 (all MB); (if) the Sun asks RN for
PN seized 53 persons and delivered them up auxiliary troops RN sab tillatu i-na-an-di-
to PN 2 , the bodyguard of the (crown) prince na-ag-u RN will assign auxiliary troops to
ABL 600:11 (NA), cf. amelutti sa bit abija qgte him KBo 1 5 ii 45, of. 4 lim sdabe Atlti ...
sibitti ki usabbita it-tan-ni ABL 716 r. 17; i-di-in-su-nu-ti-ma Lie Sar. 277, cf. ibid. 61;
[ki] ana PN la itabka [... ] la it-tan-ni should he forsook me ana RN emiiqz id-din-Su-nu-ti
he not bring (him) to PN and not deliver and assigned troops to RN Streck Asb. 64 vii
(him) up VAS 6 185:14; on the day he sum- 98; nise ammar a Sarru ... iksuruni i-di-
mons him ibbakunimma ina simere parzilli na-ni as many people as the king had as-
i-nam-din-i they will bring him, and he will sembled and assigned to me ABL 121 r. 9, cf.
hand him over in iron fetters YOS 7 178:13 537:12; 7 napSdti sunu ana PN it-ti-din-4u-
(all NB). nu ABL 220 r. 2 (all NA).
3' to assign a person (in adm. contexts): 4' to make a person take an oath: nam.
I am a palace slave (but) istu ekallim ana erim.kud.da.S in.ni.in.sum : MIN (=
KA.BAR Ug.UDU.HI.A id-di-nu-ni-in-ni they ma-mi-tam) a-na ta-me-e id-din-Su he made
have assigned me from the palace to the him take the oath Ai. VI i 40; lugal.e
47
oi.uchicago.edu
nadanu le nadanu If
lu.inim.ma.bi.me.eg dub.la.mah..e din H .GAL ... na-din .NTUN KAR 74 r. 9f.,
nam.erim.e in.na.an.sum the king cf. na-di-in HE.GAL LIH 94 i 4 (Hammurapi);
made these witnesses take the oath in the for melammu see s.v. mng. 2; Sarrum na-
Dublamah Jean Tell Sifr 1:22 and la: 18; ana di-in na-pi-is-tim ana GN the king who
tu-ma-mi-tum i-di-nu-ma CT 8 12b:5; a-na bestowed life upon Adab CH iii 65 (prologue),
ni-isi DINGI id-di-im-ma Boyer Contribution cf. ,a ... na-pi-i.-tam ana mdtika u kdta
143:22, of. ana ni-i DINGIR id-di-nu-u-ma ad-di-nu Syria 33 65:14 (Mari let.); (Gula)
YOS 8 63:13, 66:12, 150:14, ana ni-it dUTU muballitat mitu svM-at napisti VAB 4 278 vii
id-di-nu-ma TCL 10 34:10; elliptical: Jak 14 (Nbn.); it-ti Istar Sarratim i-na-da-an-si
kanakkum u dajdni PN ana bab Tispak id-di- he (Ea) provides her with the characteristics
nu-su UCP 9 p. 379:8 (all OB). of queenly IStar VAS 10 214 vii 13 (OB Agusaja);
samru ZALAG-ka atta ta-nam-din-si-na you
5' other occs.: DN nidugalli erseti ... lid-
(8amas) shine upon it (mankind) with your
din-ku-nu-i ana DN 2 may Neti, the great fierce light Lambert BWL 134:150; pa-la-am
doorkeeper of the nether world, hand you
u [kussam] li-di-na-k[um] may he grant you
(demons) over to Ningizzida AfO 19 117:29, the kingship ARM 10 1:15; the king has kept
cf. (figurines) [ana G]ilgdmed id-di-nu-ma
me alive silla ina GN it-tan-nu and granted
AfO 18 292:42; Ea u Marduk id-di-nu-ki ana
me protection in Nineveh ABL 456:13 (NB);
Girra qurddi Maqlu III 59, cf. aktamikuni~i
sandti ddrati ana sarri ... lid-di-nu ABL
aktasikunii at-ta-din-ku-nu-i ibid. IV 69,
259:5 (NB); na-di-na-at sed dumqi she who
also IV 9; id-din-ka-ma (var. suM-ka-ma)
grants a favorable spirit JRAS 1929 12:19 and
Enlil abuka salmat qaqqadi puhur napisti
passim; Ninlil na-di-na-at sILIM-mu u baldti
Enlil has entrusted to you alone all mankind,
OECT 6 pl. 13 K.3515:14; assu ... ume ricqti
everything alive BMS 27:9 and dupls., see
na-da-[nim-ma] Winckler Sar. pl. 36 No. 77:174;
Mayer Gebetsbeschworungen 479; mdtkunu ana
sa gamas u Adad GESTUIT rapastu id-di-nu-
ha[ldqi] nisekunu ana saldli li-di-nu may nid-sum-ma (var. -i-Ad-hi-zu-sc-ma) to whom
they (the gods) assign your country to ruin, DN and DN have granted great intelligence
your people to being taken prisoner Borger Hunger Kolophone No. 325:2; ba-al-ti ta-nam-
Esarh. 109 iv 15; lumunSu ana Sar Amurri u
din-sum-ma STT 70 r. 4, see W. G. Lambert,
mdtigu na-din its (the eclipse's) evil is
RA 53 132; see also imu (ruqiti),tub libbi/seri,
destined for the king of Amurru and his lald, etc., used in blessing formulas of letters;
country ABL 137:13 (NB); they have brought
exceptionally with ana in Bogh.: the gods
accusations against you to me ana GAZ id-
i-na-an-di-nu a-na dummuqi saldma u ahutti
din-i-ka and sentenced you to execution KUB 3 70:19, cf. i-na-an-di-nu ana urruki
ABL 290:11, cf. (the accursed) sa DN qaq sandti ibid. r. 1.
qassu ana da-[ki lid]-di-nu whom Marduk
should mark for death ABL 791:5; mta 2' with abstract nouns: see ahitu, asari
[ana] ha-pe-e it-ta-din ABL 1341:15 (all NB). ditu, belitu, etiltu, le'ttu, eri~stu A, litti tu,
metellitu, muskenutu, re'itu, Sarrtu, datam
e) to grant powers, qualities, etc. (said
mitu, sibitu, etc.
mainly of gods) - 1' in gen.: sa ana(text sA)
.saggi ba-la-tu i-nam-di-nu who bestows life f) to grant progeny - 1' in gen.: NITA
upon the slain KAR 298:10, and passim with a i-ti-na-um may they (the two gods) not
baldtu; for bultu see s.v. mng. 2a; for dumqu grant him a son AfO 20 65 r. x 45 and 55 r. iv
see s.v. mng. 3a; Ninsiku id-di-na kar-u 45 (both Rimus), also NITA u MU [a] i-ti-na-sum
ritpadu DN granted me keen understanding UET 1 276 ii 22 (Naram-Sin); dumu.ni zag
O)IP 2 117:4 (Senn.); to my father to whom na.ab.ze.&m.e : ma-ra-sd i-nam-din / ina
the god who created him la-ma-s4-am ddritam te-hLe-e i-sc-ak-kip SBH p. 42 No. 21: 32f.; bow
id-di-nu-dum has granted a permanent down to your city goddess lid-din-ka pir-'a
protective spirit TCL 17 37:2 (OB let.); na- that she may grant you offspring Lambert
48
oi.uchicago.edu
nadanu ig nadanu lh
BWL 108:13; dSin na-dinDUMT.NITA U NUMUN A ii 27, mdrti a-na-di-na-ak-ku EA 4:43
KAR 74 r. 6, cf. Sarpdnitu ... SUM-at apli u (MB royal), cf. EA 29:17, 20, 22; bintu itti GN
zeri BMS 9:38 and dupls. ad-din(var. -di-in)-ki-ma Lie Sar. 32:198 and
Winckler Sar. pl. 31 No. 65:30; mdrassu ana Ma
2' in personal names: for names of the
hadiuni i-id-dan KAV 1 viii 41 (Ass. Code § 55),
type DN-iddin(am)/taddin/ittannui/a,attested
cf. ana marisu id-dan ibid. iv 35 (§ 30), sin:
from OAkk. on, see Stamm Namengebung 28,
niltu ... la ta-ad-na-at ibid. iv 22; anata-da-
54, 56, 84f., 136ff., for (DN)-aha/suma-iddinam
a-ni la imaggur ibid. iv 31; dalulti mdrassu
see ibid. 139, DN-mdra-ittannu ibid. 38, for
ana mcrisu 9a PN ... it-ta-din ABL 336 r. 5
DN-nddin-§umi/zeri/apli/ai see ibid. 217;
(NB).
note also such names as Li-bur-na-din-94
BE 15 144:11 (MB), etc., Li-bur-na-di-fu
h) to sell- 1' with ana kaspi(m) in OAkk.,
Meissner BAP 103:24, etc. (OB); Na-da-a[n]-be-
OB, Mari, MA, SB, and NB: KJ.BABBAR.
el-ti-ra-bi CT 6 7a: 14 (OB); Belat-ekalli-id-ni-
ga.aS mi.ni.in.sum : ana KU.BABBAR
ni AfO 10 43 No. 100:11, cf. dA-u.r-id-na-ni
KAJ 49:20; for other MA names, see Saporetti
i-nam-din-bu he may sell him (the adoptive
Onomastica 2 139f.
son who contested the adoption) Ai. VII iii 28,
also TIM 4 15:16, cf. [k]ud.i in.ni.in.sum:
g) to transfer persons, valuables, real ana KJ.BABBAR [id-din-u] Ai. II iv 5'; see
estate in leg. and econ. contexts - 1' with also Nabnitu J 28f., in lex. section; x SE.GUR
ana followed by an abstract noun specifying ana KU x GUR na-ti-in MAD 5 3:8 (OAkk.);
the purpose of the transfer: see ahdtutu, nam.kui.A ba.an.sum Riftin 1:16, etc.,
aplutu, ardutu, assdbutu, assutu, erresutu, ku.S ba.an.sum.mu.uS YOS 8 120:12,
galldbitu, kallutu, kaparritu,mdrtiitu, mdrutu, ku.S ba.ab.sum.mu ibid. 152:18, kui.S
mazziz panuttu, massdritu, mutitu, nukarib in.sum PBS 12/1 22:13, 23, etc., ku.Se
b itu, re'itu, sarrutu, tappltu, tamkdrutu, sum.mu.dam BE 6/2 4:19, ku.Se bi.ib.
tertu, titennutu, zdaiputu, zdaipdnutu. sum.mu.uS ibid.48:16, ku.Se in.na.ab.
sum.me.es Genouillac Kich 1 B 17:6, and
2' with ana followed by a noun expressing
passim with vars. in OB; sudti u bisaSu ana KU.
the purpose of the transaction, or the use or
BABBAR i-na-ad-di-nu-ma they sell him and
status (such as gift, loan, rent, etc.) of the
his possessions CH § 54:26, and passim in CH,
person or valuable given, or in the case of
also bissu ana KU.BABBAR it-ta-di-in Goetze
an unspecified but self-evident purpose, the
LE § 39 A iii 26 and B iii 10; hurdsam ana KU.
recipient: see ahuzzatu, arnu, be'ulatu, dilu,
BABBAR-im i-di-in sell the gold for silver
dinanu, ebuttu, e'iltu, ~inuqu sub enequ
ABIM 20:11, cf. ibid. 23; assumiki sa 2 GfN
mng. 2, hubullu, idu, igru, iptiru, kidsatu,
KU.BABBAR ana 1 GIN KiT.BABBAR at-ta-di-in
manzazanu, massartu, melqgtu, miSlani, mude'
on account of you (fem.) I sold what is
niqtu, mutu, natdlu mng. 9b, nudunni, paSdru,
worth two shekels of silver for one shekel
puzzuru, qdtdtu, qiptu, qistu, sutu, sibtu A,
TLB 4 18:9, cf. aggumika ana KT.BABBAR
sibittu, Salsu, siddu, simu, sulmdnu, supeltu,
na-ad-na-ku TIM 2 100:14; amtam ... ana
tadmiqtu, tarbitu, imu, uzubb4.
KI.BABBAR ana tamkdrim ni-id-di-in-ma
3' elliptical usage: if a slave girl cheats PBS 7 119:5; mari se'am ana Ki.BABBAR
and maraca ana marat awelim [i]t-ta-di- la id-di-i-nu u adSati la id-di-i-nu na-da-
in gives her child (i.e., ana tarbitim for nam la igmi (oath) TIM 4 36 r. 13ff.; kirim
rearing) to somebody's daughter Goetze LE awatiu gumurma ana kaspim i-di-in settle
§ 33 A iii 7; MU RN mdrassu ana GN i-di-nu the matter of the garden and sell (it)
year in which Sin-abuSu gave his daughter ABIM 8:21, and passim in OB; barley from GN
(in marriage) to (the ruler of) Rapiqum a Sama u PN ana KUi.BABBAR ana PN, id-
Reschid Archiv des Nirama p. 4 x (OB), of. di-in ARM 7 263 i 4; ana kaspim Adti 2 ME
mdrassu ana [anim i]t-ta-di-in Goetze LE § 25 DU.HI.A ad-di-in for that silver I sold two
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nadanu lh nadanu li
hundred sheep ARM 1 30:8, cf. andku 553:6; aaSassu ana SAM ana si-im gamir ana
gzuAri Suniiti anakaspim ad-di-in ARM 3 26:9; PN it-ti-din AfO 20 123 VAT 9034:7 (MA), cf.
nat4 eqel ekallim ana kaspim a-na-ad-di-in-ma (field) ana sAM gamir i-din KAJ 164:18, etc.,
is it proper that I sell one of the palace's and passim in MA.
fields? ARM 14 17 r. 12'; in 1/3: ana kaspim
3' with ana mahdra: PN sa Nabi masaksu
it-ta-na-d[i]-in-ma ARM 1 73:16, ARM 14 51:8;
ana ma-ha-ra i-nam-di-nu PN whose skin
(the adopted child) ana ka-vs-pi i-DIN-u
(I hope) NabUf will sell ABL 1000:12 (NB).
(for iddanSu) he will sell KAJ 6:23, cf. ana
KB.BABBAR id-da-an KAJ 162:21 (MA); (a 4' in elliptical use: if the buyer cannot
person pledged for a debt) ana mati Saniti produce na-di-in id-di-nu-sum the seller who
ana kaspim id-din KAV 6:15 (Ass. Code C § 3); sold (the object) to him CH § 10:50, also § 9:20,
if somebody bissu ... ana KU.BABBAR id-din also (if he says) na-di-na-nu-um-mi id-di-nam
has sold his house (or property of his paternal a man sold (it) to me CH § 9:9; amtam ulmi
estate) KAR 72 r. 13 (namburbi); qalla ana a-na-ad-di-na-ku-nu-si-[im] I will not sell
KU.BABBAR it-ta-din he sold the slave you the slave girl Kraus AbB 1 27:8 (OB let.);
ABL 1169:11, of. ABL 967:6, ana tamkre sa PN na-din amiluttu PSBA 5 104:14; PN na-
Kalah ana Ki.BABBAR ki id-di-nu ABL 1317:7; din eqli AnOr 8 23:56, na-din isqi VAS 5
(a slave) ana Kx.BABBAR id-di-nu-u VAS 5 76:36, na-din biti ibid. 38:51; PN LU na-din
22:7; gold ina qdt sabi ana kaspi andahar u biti suati PN, the seller of this house VAS 15
ana KU.BABBAR ana shbi at-ta-din YOS 6 14:8, 27:5, 42:18, and passim, PN LIJ na-din
223:3 (all NB). isqi sudtu BRM 2 40:18, PN na-di-nu eqli
BIN 2 131:40, and passim in NB sales contracts,
2' with ana Simi(m) in OAkk., OA, OB, often replaced by nadinanu, q.v.; note the pl.
Mari, MB, RS, Nuzi, MA: PN a-na SAM 5 Kr. na-di-ni-e eqli 5R 67 No. 1 r. 32, Nbn. 178:55,
BABBAR GiN a-na PN, ... PN, i-ti-in PN, sold na-din-e E kisubba TCL 13 235 seal, LU na-
PN to PN,for five shekels of silver HSS 10 din.MES BRM 2 3 right edge, 20:18, TCL 13
211:7 (OAkk.); awld , t ittisunu usbu sunuma 234: 10 and 15; note the personal name Na-din-
a-Si-mi-im i-ti-nu-ni-ni the men with whom I Se-im VAS 5 13:12 (all NB); for OA see Veenhof
was living sold me Tell Asmar 1930,230:5 (early Old Assyrian Trade 369; note in 1/3: unitam
OB), see Jacobsen, AS 6 29; amtam . .. a-si-mini-ta-na-di-in CCT 4 24a: 8; summa amitam
im di-na-ma sell the slave girl BIN 6 10 tablet 8, adi ITI.3.KAM i-ta-na-di-in (see amitu B
cf. i-di-in-ma Hecker Giessen 3:3; umma usage a-i') ICK 1 39b:9 (both OA); PN bel
adini ana ,i-mi-im la ta-ad-nu TCL 19 55 r. 7, amti svu-ni the owner of the slave girl to be
cf. BIN 6 84:36, ICK 1 35a:8 and 35b:6, KTS sold VAS 1 87:7, cf. [bil] ni e ta-da-a-ni ADD
33b: 11, etc. (all OA); tibnam ana i-mi- imana 258:3, also ADD 242:3, (referring to fields) wr.
na-da-nim ul natiima should it not be appro- suM-a-ni ADD 621:4, cf. (houses) ADD 337:3,
priate to sell the straw TIM 2 158 r. 8, cf. r. 5 345:3, 324:5, (villages) ADD 627:2, 625:6, and
(OB); Sem ana di-im NA4 kiS~dim ad-di-na-kum- passim in NA leg.; see also matel adj., batqu,
ma I gave you barley to buy a necklace (for (w)at(tu)ru.
me but you are not buying me the necklace)
i) nadanu u madru to do business -
ARM 10 109:8, cf. ARM 14 78:13; SE.NUMUN
1' qualifying silver as being of the fineness
a ana PN ana AM na-ad-nu-ma the field that
accepted for payments in commercial con-
was sold to PN BBSt. No. 3 iii 45; summa ana
texts (NB only): x kaspu a na-da-nu u
mamma amili Sanimma ana ~AM na-at-ta-din-
ma-ha-ri Nbk. 10:1, cf. VAS 4 140:1, for other
mi u na-at-ta-kir-mi (see nakdru mng. 3b)
refs. see maharu mng. lc-5'.
MRS 9 163 RS 17.341:25' and 29'; (a slave of PN
and PN,) ana ti-i-me ana PN, id-di-nu JEN 2' in hendiadys: the Assyrians, subjects
451:5, and note: these six sheep ana AkM Sa of the king a ana na-da-n[u] ma-ha-ru ana
1 sist Sa PN ana PN, it-ta-din-Su-nu-ti JEN GN lidna i.kunu (see lidnu mng. 2d-1')
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nadanu Ij nadAnu 11
ABL 262:8 (NB); j4tu u PN mutija na-da-nu measuring rope and to put in measuring pegs
u ma-ha-ri ina muhhi ka-sap nudunnea TLB 4 55:23, cf. i'lam ana e'elim ul ad-di-in-
nipusma I and PN, my husband, did business du TCL 1 50:13; saSalla ana nade la a-nam-
on the basis of the silver from my dowry di-ku (see nadi A v. mng. 2h) Sumer 4 132 r. 6,
Nbn. 356:5, see also Iraq 17 127 No. 12:7 (NA), of. PBS 7 112:14, 22, TLB 4 66:3, Sumer 14 23
cited mahdru mng. lc-5'. No. 5:23, etc. (all OB letters); ul ad-di-is-suana
j) nasi u nadanu to transfer real estate, qeberim I did not let him be buried Gilg.
personnel, etc. - 1' in RS: RN ... it-ta-si M. ii 6, cf. GilgameS erebam ul id-di-in
eqla sa PN ... u it-ta-di-in-ju-nu sarru ana Gilg. P. vi 14 (both OB); libbi ana marasim
PN2 RN transferred PN's field(s) to PN2 MRS 6 beli la i-n[a]-di-in my lord should not let me
135 RS 15.140:12, cf. it-ta-si ... u id-din-Su worry ARM 10 90:27, cf. 171:16; [an]a libbi
ibid. 65 RS 16.247:7; is-i-ma ... u it-ta-din- dlim erebam a-na-ad-di-in-Su ul a-na-ad-di-
su ibid. 141 RS 16.132:27; iPN ti-it-ta-ag-si in-[]u should I or should I not permit him
... i ti-it-ta-din-su-nu ibid. 129 RS 16.343:7, to enter the town? ARM 3 58:15f., cf. ARM 2
it-ta-si ... u it-ta-din-s[u] Ugaritica 5 9:7, 50 r. 11', etc.; ilum ia i-di-in god forbid
etc., see Speiser, JAOS 75 157ff., Haase, ZA 58 ARM 14 6:25; ana mekeri mamma ul i-[na]m-
210 n. 55, Greenfield, Finkelstein Mem. Vol. 87ff. din-na-an-ni nobody will give me permission
to irrigate PBS 1/2 57:12; when I wrote the
2' in NA: atd bitdtesunu ta-d-si ana urdds king about coming (to him) Sarru ul i-di-na-
nika ta-din why did you transfer their estates an-ni the king did not give me permission
to your servants? ABL 190:21, cf. sdbeSunu BE 17 24:37, cf. 13:10 (all MB); at-ta-din PN
lis-si-a lid-di-na-s~-nu ABL 127:8, but 1 alpa ana qabe gabbi gabbi amdte §a atti taqbi ana
. i-ti-si la i-di-na ABL 449:10. sdAu I gave PN permission to repeat every-
k) (in math.) to give a result, a value - thing, all that you told him KUB 3 69:10;
1' to give a result: ptam i-na-ad-di-ik-kum ilu ul i-na-an-din ana epeSi nukurta ina
(this) will give you the front side TCL 18 beriSunu the god will not allow enmity to
154:8; res abnija i-na-ad-di-nam (this) gives arise between them KBo 1 7:10 and 25, and
me the original weight of my stone ibid. 30, note ana na-da-ni sulummd ibid. 15, cf. ibid.
cf. ibid. 17, also 29 i-na-di-na-ku-um Sumer 7 10:45; andku at-ta-dinana aldkiSunu ana kcd&a
43 No. 9 r. 7; minam ana x luSkun 4a y KUB 3 34:17, of. (in similar contexts) ibid. 5,
DAL.BI i-na-di-nam what should I multiply also 67 r. 7; dIM it-ta-di-in-ka [ana aS~bi ina]
by x which will give me y, its dividing line mat Hatti ina asri sa abi abika JCS 1 243:14,
MCT 50 D 17, of. ibid. r. 19 and passim, see ibid. and passim in Bogh.; la i-na-an-din-ni LIT Sis
index 168b sub ndn, also TMB index p. 222, also duna ... arada ana erseti the ruler of Sidon
MDP 34 70:21. does not allow (my people) to come down to
the mainland EA 154:13, cf. ul na-a[d]-nu-
2' to give a value: what is the cube root n[i er]eba EA 138:58; la ia-di-nu elippdtija
of x aMum x BA.SI la id-di-nu-kum y sa [a]na GN they do not allow my boats into
BA.SI i-na-di-nu-kum Sapal x GAR.RA-ma GN EA 105:85, of. 114:58; eniima ASSur beli
since they have not given you the cube root patti ... ana epei lu id-di-na when my lord
of x, write y, whose cube root they give you AgAur permitted the construction of the canal
(in a list), underneath x MCT 42 Aa:3f. AOB 1 38 No. 1:9 (Aisur-uballit I); the Assyr-
1) to permit, allow, to give permission to ian scribes [salam ... ] ana epesi ul id-di-nu-
use irrigation water: biti ana tabali ul a-na- ni-in-ni-ma did not allow me to make [a
ad-di-iS-u I will not give him permission to stela?] Eretz Israel 5 156 K.4730 r. 15 (Sar.);
carry off my estate TIM 2 84:24, cf. tabali pagardu aj ad-din ana qeberi Streck Asb. 62
ula a-na-an-di-ka UET 5 10:11; alam ana vii 45, cf. (in broken context) ana qeberi ad-
tarcsim u sikkatam ana mahdsi ul ad-di-um din-Su-nu-ti ADD 941 iii 10; ul i-nam-din-an-
I did not give him permission to use the ni (var. i-nam-di-nal-an-ni)ana epe[i] psra
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he does not allow me to hunt Gilg. I iii 39, them on the road BIN 4 2:19, cf. ha-ra-nam
of. ana isrubi ul i-nam-din ibid. II ii 47, cf. a ta-di-nu-ni TuM 1 4b: 20, cf. ibid. 24 (all OA);
ibid. IX v 34; the mountain held the boat and note dlik harranim harranum ana harranim
ana nadi ul id-din did not let it move ibid. i-na-di-u YOS 10 11 i 16 (OB ext.); KASKAL
XI 141; (a snake on the bar of a door) ana kitti u misari ana rube suti i-nam-di-nu-ma
BAD-ti NU SUM-in does not permit (anybody) they (the gods) will dispatch this prince on a
to open (it) KAR 386:57 (SB Alu); ana good and just road CT 34 8:18 (SB omens).
alakija u za-ki-ki-ia ul i-di-na-am-ma AnSt 5
idu - a) to help, to give assistance:
102:78 (Cuthean Legend); see also mdciru mng.
apptum id-ka i-di-in-ma please, lend a hand
Ic; with ref. to water used for irrigation:
CT 29 6b: 14 (OB let.); see also TCL 6 51:13f.,
when you see this sealed letter of mine me-e
in lex. section.
i-di-in-ma eqlam sa PN liSgi give permission
to use the irrigation water so that they can b) to throw up one's hands: we wrote two
irrigate PN's field YOS 2 115:7, cf. me-e li-di- letters to the king (but) we have not seen an
na-ne-di-im TLB 4 73: 19, also me-e i-di-in answer AI-ni ana mititi ni-ti-din we have
Sumer 14 71 No. 46:23, 75 No. 48:5, 44 No. 20:19 thrown up our hands in despair ABL 1238
(all OB); umma me-e i-nam-di-na-ku ... r. 17 (NA).
[§umm]a me-e ul it-ta-din Aro, WZJ 8 571 HS
iMatu (mng. uncert.): GN Adma i-Sa-td-am
113:23 and 25 (MB); A.MES sa ID GN it-tan-
it-ta-ti-in (corr. to Hitt. nu-za GN IzI-it
na-na-a-si ABL 327 r. 8 (NB).
apagila kattan tarnag) KBo 10 1:22 (Hattuili
2. in idiomatic expressions (arranged bil.), see Melchert, JNES 37 llf.
alphabetically): ittu - a) to make an oracular decision:
adannu to establish a date: a-dan-na ... it-ta-di ana mdti svM-in (the eclipse) gives
bdrd ul id-din (see adannu mng. 2a-2') its oracle for the country LBAT 1600 r. 2, of.
Lambert BWL 44:111 (Ludlul II). ibid. 8, also GISKIM ana KUR id-dan ACh
Supp. IMtar 54:23; obscure: sa iqb4ma GISKIM-
amatu -a) to answer in court (OA only): S,-nu svM-nu Boissier DA 16 iv 25, also ina
see amatu mng. 5a; ammala din karim ... laptu uallamu u GISKIM- ?-nu SUTM-nU TCL 6
allakamma a-wa-tdm a-da-na-ku-um in 5 r. 30 (SB ext.).
accordance with the decision of the kdru
I will come and answer you in court TCL 21 b) to indicate a landmark: mindi ittasa
268:14; ana bel awatika a-wa-tdm di-in
jdi id-ni id-nim-ma ittasa jdsi what is its
answer your adversary in court BIN 4 114:14, (the road to TUranabi's) landmark? indicate
cf. ana bel awatini a-wa-tdm ni-da-an Kienast (it) to me, indicate its landmark to me
ATHE 23:15, ana a-wa-tim ammigam na-dd-ni
Gilg. X ii 17 and iii 34.
karum me ikunnidtima KTS 25b:16; a-wa- libbu to hearten, encourage: tertaka
tim la-di-,u-um BIN 6 28:38, cf. MVAG 35/1 damiqtum ana panija lillikamma li-ba-am
No. 325:44, a-wa-tdm di-nam TCL 19 79:30, di-na[m] let a favorable report from you
also ICK 1 31b:23, TCL 20 85:31, etc. reach me, lift my spirits BIN 6 23:27, cf. ibid.
164:4, TCL 20 101:9, etc.; apputtum ihidma
b) to give advice: a-wa-td.ME§ ban[dta]
li-ba-am di-na-am BIN 6 51:23; mimma ...
i-din-mi ana Marri give the king good advice
mahrika lakcunma li-ba-am flda-di-na-kum
EA 289:50.
what should I place before you that I might
barranu to dispatch on a journey: ana raise your spirits? KTS 15:13, see Hecker
Alim ba-ra-nam di-nam let me go to the Grammatik 260 n. 1; kima li-bi4 -im ta-da-nim
City TCL 19 9:25, cf. ana ha-ra-nim ta-da- instead of encouraging me RA 60 100 MAH
nim CCT 3 36a:20; they should not stay 19604: 18, also TCL 4 29:14, also li-ba-am kzima
there overnight ha-ra-nam di-Ju-nu-ti send ebaratim ta-da-nam TCL 19 73:49, for CCT 4
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39b: 18f., otc., see Balkan Letter p. 15f. (all OA); EA 117:20, cf. at-ta-din pa-ni-ia ana mahriti
for atta la ta-na-an-din lib-ba-ka ina arkisu sarri EA 151:23; id-din pa-ni-su(text -ia)
(loan translation of all Egyptian idiom "to ana urddtisu he paid attention to his service
care for something") KUB 3 67:11, see Edel, EA 155:27, cf. at-ta-din pa-ni-ia ana miriti //
ZA 49 198 n. 1. 'U-bu-ti EA 151:19; ila alsima ul id-di-na
pa-ni-94 I invoked the god but he did not
mamitu to take an oath: they made a heed me Lambert BWL 38:4 (Ludlul II).
treaty with each other u ma-mi-tu ina muhhi
misri annama ana ahames id-di-nu and c) to give leave: sarru bell pa-an mar
likewise took a mutual oath with respect to siprini lid-din may the king, my lord, give
the borderline CT 34 38 i 4 (Synchron. Hist.). leave to our messenger (to depart as soon
as our messenger comes here) Iraq 25 71 No.
to give advice: ilic rabutu isallur
milku
65:14 (NA).
kama SUM-in (var. ta-nam-[din]) mil-ka when
the great gods ask you, you give advice d) to reveal oneself: sikinsu istalma pa-ni-
BMS 1:14, var. from STT 56:31, see Mayer
su la id-di-in-su he (the king) inquired about
Gebetsbeschworungen 492, of. ana ili rabiti its (the image's) features but it did not
ta-nam-din mil-ki KAR 59 r. 4, also LKA 17:21; reveal itself to him BBSt. No. 36 i 15 (NB).
i-nam-din mil-ku En. el. VI 4, na-din mil-ki
VII 107; see milku mng. la-l'. pu - a) to promise: mala pd-i a-di-nu-
su-ni allakma asaqqal I will go and pay as
mu to proclaim ordinances: [...] ina
much as I have promised him CCT 5 4a: 21, cf.
qereb same ellitu i-nam-di-in me-e-[syi] PSBA
pd-i a-di-na-kum umma andkuma RA 60 123
20 158:20.
MP 1:8; ana urdsim pi-ka di-in ICK 1 89:13,
nii ili to enter into a sworn agreement: cf. ana hurdsim pd-ku-nu di-na CCT 4 12a:24,
,a ni-is DINGIR na-da-nim ina pim ul issa pi-i la a-da-na-kum ibid. 4a: 32; pd-ka ta-di-
Icimma there was no talk about entering into nam pd-i ula a-dz-na-kum "you promised
a sworn agreement Bagh. Mitt. 2 59 iv 21 (OB me" - "I did not promise you" CCT 3 6b: 6f.;
let.); who have settled their dispute with pd-su ammakamma i-di-nam TCL 20 84:32,
you and sa ... ni-is DINGIR.MES gamram pu-i a-di-in Jankowska KTK 19:26, pi-ku-nu
ta-ad-di-nu-su-nu-sum with whom you have ... la ta-da-na ibid. 3 r. 7, cf. ICK 2 102:13,
entered into full sworn agreement Laessoe CCT 2 43:14, 4 46a:9,BIN 4 189:19, BIN 6 38:21,
Shemshara Tablets 78 SH 812:27. and passim in OA; andku anailim pi-ia at-ta-di-
in I promised (a sheep) to the god UET 5 19:19,
panfi - a) to plan to depart: pa-ni-ne ana cf. andku a[na il]im pi-ia ad-[di-in] ibid. 9
ser abini ni-id-di-i[n]-m[a] we planned to leave (OB let.), also pi-i-ka ta-na-an-di-in-maKraus,
to go to our father (the king, but rain and AbB 5 26:6; assum wassur me ... pf-su-nu
snow have kept us back) ARM 2 57:7. id-di-nu they promised to release the
water RA 68 30:8 (Mari let.); ina puhrisunu
b) to pay attention: istanapparamma usib i pis-ju-nu i-[t]i-nu-su-um Tell Asmar
pa-ni-ia ul a-na-an-di-is-su he keeps writing 1930,221:16 (OB); ilanikasumma memeni ideSu
to me but I pay no attention to him Kraus, ina mubhi ummiduni stuma pi-i-si it-ti-din
AbB 5 172:12; li-it-ta-din pa-ni-su sarru ana by your gods! nobody has touched him, he
ardisu may the king pay heed to his servant gave his word ABL 392 r. 12 (NA).
EA 148:9 and 26, cf. li-id-din pa-ni-su sarru
ana ardisu EA 151:69, na-da-an sarru pa-ni- b) to give loyalty, to make a promise of
su ana ardisu EA 150:4, also li-din marru being loyal: ana RN id-di-nu KA-46-un they
pa-ni-su ana LI.MES pitdti EA 286:53, of. EA gave their loyalty to Ursa Lie Sar. 67; pi-i-
288:49; na-ad-na-ti pa-ni-ia ana mahar sz it-ta-an-na-na-i ana salmini ittuar he
blija I am paying attention to my lord promised loyalty to us and became our friend
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Iraq 20 182 No. 39:9 (NA); ki iplahu pi-i-s - §iptu to pronounce a conjuration: t u
nu it-tan-nu-nu as they were afraid, they ku.ga.bi ba.ra.ab.sum.mu.u : si-pat-
promised (to take an oath) ABL 280:25 (NB). su-nu KU-tum id-di-nu-nim-ma KAR 31:23f.;
ana ar&ti ul a-nam-din iN KAR 71 r. 8; AN
c) to order: inima ana ni ilim ana ba- Ja DN ... id-di-nu ana sutesur [s]A-[sd]
bi-im ra-bi-im pi-fu it-ta-ad-nu-ku-um when K6cher BAM 248 iii 5 (= KAR 196).
he ordered you to (take) the oath in the
Great Gate IM 49238 and 49543:38, cf. pi-ka Siptu to issue an order, a briefing: bell
i-di-a~-um ibid. 41 (OB let., courtesy H. al- ana muskenim Si-ip-t-am klam id-di-in
Adhami). ummami ... girrum sa tallaka ne'rdrum sa
UD.10.KAM Sa ITI.1.KAM-ma adi taturranim
purussa to make a decision, to give an ana bitatikunu laputtim u ndgirum ul itassi
oracle: na-din hatti u ES.BAR ana nap ar kal my lord issued the following order of the day
adini AKA 256 i 4 (Asn.); ana eri u salli ES. to the mcusknu: The campaign on which
BAR-a ta-nam-din-na you (the watches of the you will go is only a ten-day service per
night) give an oracle (i.e., a dream) to those month, until you return the laputti and the
awake and those asleep KAR 58 r. 15; alpu herald will not dun your property ARM 14
E§.BAR lid-di-na STT 73:117, see JNES 19 35; 48:5, cf. ana halsim si-ip-fa-am kiam ad-di-in
pu-ru-us-su ana GN na-din the oracular ibid. 111:5, note (followed by a threat) ARM 2
decision (implied in the eclipse) has been 13:24; klam Si-ip-t-am ad-di-in-Su-nu-si-im
made for Ur ABL 1006:6, and passim in astrol., ... ul imguruninni I gave them the (fol-
see purusstd. lowing) order but they did not obey ARM 3
30:25; Si-ip-ta-am a-an-di- (in>-su-nu-si-im
qabfi to make a promise: inim.dug 4 .ga. u libbasunu undh I will brief them (the
ni in.sum : MIN (= qa-ba-u) id-din, inim. sheikhs) and thus set their minds at ease
dug 4 .ga.ni ba.an.sum : MIN it-ta-din ARM 4 16 r. 12'; di-ip-ta-am ana PN i-di-in-
Ai. III ii 59f.; 1 MA.NA kaspam ana ekallim ma sdbam liwaSSeruma give strict orders to
qa-ba-Ju id-di-in he promised to pay one PN that they should release the troops
mina of silver to the palace ARM 5 24:15. ARM 1 83:27, cf. ibid. 13:24 and 30; note assum
... puhhurim u di-ip-t[im] na-da-nim (fol-
qatu - a) to help: qd-ta-am id-di-nam lowed by kiam aSputsuniti) ARM 2 92:6;
PBS 7 10:3, cf. qd-ta-am i-di-nu-nim ibid. 9 na-din Sip-ti pdris purusse Perry Sin No. 6:5,
(OB let.). cf. ana na-dansip-ti u E[S.BAR] Craig ABRT 1
35:14.
b) to join: when they saw that no one
came to their help uII ana nakri it-tan-nu tamitu to give answer to an oracular
they joined the enemy ABL 1241:11 (NB); query: Sin ... iSallukama ta-mit ildni
nakar idtu jddi ... u na-da-an 2 qa-gu ana SUM-in BMS 1:16, see Mayer Gebetsbeschworun-
LIT.SA.GAZ.KI he turned hostile toward me gen 493.
and joined the Habiru EA 298:26.
tartu to utter a command, to give
instructions: na-di-in te-re-e-ti RA 15 174 i 10
rigmu to thunder: sa id-din ri-ig-ma-fu (OB Agusaja B); i-nam-din ter-tu En. el. VI 18,
ina same who thunders in the sky (probably of. Or.NS 36 122:103; in 1/3: ammala anaPN
error for nadd, q.v.) EA 147:13. te-ra-tim ina GN ta-ta-di-nu ICK 1 37b :6 (OA).
46pu to set out on a journey: as soon as tmu to give an order, to make a decision:
PN comes here andkuma ana GN A-pa-a te 4-mi ula a-di-ku-um Sumer 23 161 IM
a-da-an-ma I will personally set out for 46219: 22, cf. te-mi lu-di-ku-nu-i Kraus
Puruhaddum CCT 2 1:23 (OA). AbB 1 81:24, teA-em-,u-nu klam id-di-nu-4-
54
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nadanu 3a nadanu 3a
nim Bagh. Mitt. 2 56 i 11, te-em ama amminm donkeys and send me the silver under your
...ta-na-ad-di-nu YOS 2 11:28, te4-e-em PN seal CCT 4 13a:40, cf. kaspam a-di-na-ma
sa aAum 3 SAG.iR i-di-in Kraus AbB 1 79:21, sebilanim BIN 4 81:15, kaspam Sa-di-in wars
of. also TLB 4 36:18, Bagh. Mitt. 2 56 i 23, OECT 3 kiamma Sebilam TCL 19 59:26; summa kaspam
33:8, 62:7, etc. (all OB) ; na-din ur-ti u te-e-me saqdlam la imua niqiam kaspam 10 afN Sa-di-
Maqlu II 82; na-din te-me u mil-ki KAR 49 na-su-ma if he refuses to pay the silver, make
iv 8. him pay (at least) ten shekels as offering
BIN 6 38:24, of. TCL 19 30:12, 45 r. 6, OIP 27 36
urbu to allow passage: gab a.ur 4 ga.x. r. x + 8, 62:50, and passim, (referring to gold) TCL
ra kaskal nu.ze.em.ma : [ana] ha-mi-im 19 56:5, referring to copper: iA-sa- <da>-an-ma
i-ra-a-tum ur-haul a-nam-din ASKT p. 129:21 f. JCS 14 16 1933.1048:40; should your message
reach us ba'abdtim lu nu-sa-di-in we will call
urtu to give orders: a ana na-dan ur-ti- in the outstanding debts TCL 4 48:9; rdbisam
Au Igigi appa ilabbinu at the issuing of whose dinma ahi lu-Sa-di-in Golenischeff 14:30 (=
orders the Igigi gods assume an attitude of Jankowska KTK 20), paS~Sram ... a-di-in
humility Hinke Kudurru i 5, cf. ana Igigi ta- CCT 4 ib: 27, cf. itqurdtimsa-di-na-Au-ma RA
nam-din ur-ta LKA 17:17, see Ebeling, Or. NS 60 101 MAH 16537:13, also [s]aptamJa-di-na-Su
23 346, also Cagni Erra I 183; ana miti u balti TCL 4 44:23, uttatam ,a-di-na-u-ma ICK 1
suM-in ur-ta (addressing 8amas) KAR 66:22; 13:16; note [us]-ta-di-in OIP 27 37:6.
[ina] nekelmeku ta-nam-din ur-tum by your
very frown you give a command RAcc. 130:21; 3' in OB - a' with ref. to barley: sa
ta-nam-din ur-tu KAR 105:7 and 361:7; na-
su-ud-du-un-ku Se'am li-Sa-ad-di-im-ma ana
din ur-ti u tme Maqlu II 82, cf. Cagni Erra IIIc
bitim liddin let him collect all the barley he
41 and IV 72, note i-din-um-ma DN ... is to collect and deliver (it) to the manor
ur-ta da baldti KAR 26:51 and dupls.; ina . . . TCL 17 21:22; send me a report as to de'am
na-DIN ur-ti-su kabitti Streck Asb. 272:4,
ki masi tu-us-ta-ad-di-in ki masi ihhur how
emended after RA 18 96.
much barley you have collected (and) how
much is outstanding ibid. 33:22, cf. barley
usurtu to give instructions: ina pit GIS.
[sa an]a u-ud-du-nim uhuru Js 11 33 No.
HUR.MES 8a ilani ana arri ... id-di-nu-ni
25:12; de'am u sibassu PN li-sa-ad-di-nu-ma
... nu-ka-a-la we will keep to the procedures
LIH 24:15; anaSe'im ribbitiunusu-ud-du-nim
which the gods (themselves) gave to the king
to collect the barley, their arrears LIH 79:8,
ABL 19 r. 12 (NA), see Parpola LAS No. 181.
cf. [LAL.HI].A ... ja ana muSaddinim ana
3. suddunu to cause to hand over (silver, Su-ud-du-nim n[a]dnu Kraus Edikt § 11' iv 28;
etc., goods), to cause to sell, (with libbu) to se'am u kaspam ana pi tuppimma ul 4-a-ad-
direct one's attention (causative to mngs. 1 da-an he cannot collect either barley or
and 2) - a) to cause somebody to hand over silver (due him) according to his document
silver, etc., or goods - 1' in OAkk.: PN ibid. § 2': 17', cf. § 15': 13, also 4-[]a-ad-di-in
se'am a u-sd-ti-in he must not allow PN § 3': 5; se'am bilat eqlija kalahama Ju-di-in
to collect the barley Limet Documents 48:6. collect the entire barley tax on my field
CT 29 6b: 17, cf. bilat eqlim ... li-sa-ad-di-in-
2' in OA: the nine shekels of silver ,a su-ma libla CT 4 28:15; barley SA E GUN
a,*at PN habbulatni a-di-ni-Ai-ma which PN's A.SA ... ana PN ... u Satamme tappisunu
wife owes, make (fem.) her pay (it back) ana 'u-ud-du-nim nadnu TLB 1 154:12, of.
ICK 1 69:5; kupti 10 MA.NA kaspam 4-Sa-di- sa PN ... 4-Sa-ad-di-nu-ma ina GN idpuku
nu-ka they have ordered you to pay the ten YOS 13 249:13, of. also Szlechter Tablettes 123
minas of silver VAT 9290:11, cited JAOS 78 99 MAH 16147:7, TIM 2 109:26, Riftin 89:7 and 9;
n. 66; ,Im emar 4a-di-in-ma kaspam kunukcs fre'am] mikis eqlidu ... PN Ju-ud-di-in-ma
kZka Jebilam collect the purchase price of the collect the barley, the rent for his field, from
55
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nadanu 3a nadanu 3a
PN TCL 7 14:23, and passim with miksu, note sheep's) fodder? TCL 17 57:48; i-di wardija
raGl mi-ik-si-im lu-Sa-di-in TIM 2 110:22; tu-sa-di-na BIN 7 49:8, cf. i-di amtija
mimma Sa iqipu ul u4-a-ad-da-an she may daniti ... li-ga-ad-di-nu-[n]i Kraus AbB 1
not collect for whatever (beer or barley) she 27:44; (referring to wool) SA LAL+NI PN ia
has sold on credit Kraus Edikt § 15':13, cf. PN2 4-sa-ad-di-nu YOS 8 104:4 and 119:5, (re-
iAnima i4-[a]-ad-di-in ibid. § 3' :5; ina masA ferring to sheep) 117:5; bilat gisimmarim i4-a-
kanim u4-a-ad-da-an he collects (the barley ad-da-na-ki-im CT 52 22:20; ana suluppi u
lent to his mihru) on the threshing floor SamaSammiSu-ud-du-nim LIH 22:6, of. ibid. 9
Goetze LE § 19 A ii 9. and r. 5; ESIR Su-ud-di-is-su-ma A 3521:18,
Sa DUIH i-sa-da-nu TLB 4 92:3', cf. ibid. 4",
b' with ref. to silver: 1 GIN kaspum
etc.; in difficult context: TCL 17 65:23, YOS 2
mimma ul su-ud-du-un not one shekel of
111: 16, Holma Zehn Altbabylonische Tontafeln
silver was collected VAS 16 6:19; kasap
No. 9:11; exceptionally in omens: the god
ilkim sa MU ... sa ana PN ana Su-ud-du-nim
will press the sick person (for payment) in
innadnu the (collecting of) ilku silver for the
his suffering ikribiu u-Sa-ad-da-an-su-ma
(named) year that was made over to PN for
i-ma-at and collect from him the promised
collection CT 4 15a:8, also CT 45 41:9 and
votive offering, but he will die (anyway)
43:10; silver which in the (named) year uhhus
BM 87635:16' (OB oil omens, courtesy A. Sachs).
ruma ina MU ... PN 4-Ja-ad-di-nu ana bit
also (with iballut) ibid. lower edge 2.
amaA uasribu remained in arrears and which
PN collected in the (named) year and brought 4' in Mari, Elam: my lord has sent word
into the Sama temple BE 6/1 91:8, cf. CT 2 to PN aSsum biltim Sa eli GN saknat ana
27:20 and (referring to igii silver) BE 6/1 69:8; su-un-du-nim concerning the collecting of
x silver KU.BABBAR URU.KI.MES Aa ID GN ... the tribute that was imposed on GN ARM 2
sa PN us-ta-na-da-nu-su-nu-ti the silver (tax) 137:5; sem u sibassu u4-a-ad-da-nu-ne-ti
of the towns along the Lagash canal which PN ARM 2 81:23; hiihtam a itti ahija eri <su>
has been collecting from them BRM 4 53:45 Su-ud-di-in make (him) hand over what I
(= RT 20 70); ana tupSikki 2 GIN kaspam ud- have demanded from my brother RA 35
ta-ad-di-nu-ni-a-ti they made us pay two 122:10, of. ARM 2 138:18, ana Su-du(text -di)-
shekels of silver (instead of) tupSikku service ni-Su-nu qdtam aSkun ibid. 8; barley ... 9a
YOS 2 2:18; kaspam a ina bitati redi us-ta- f[mrdt1 biti u4-d-ad-di-na-ma ilqea MDP 28
ad-di-nu the silver which they had collected 471:29, also ,a PN abarakkdti i4-s-[ad]-da-
from the estates of the red& soldiers Holma nu-u-ma ... inandinu DAFI 6 108:5 (MB).
Zehn Altbabylonische Tontafeln No. 9: 20, cf. ibid. 7,
5' in Nuzi: mull agar PN PN2 u PN3
cf. (referring to the collection of license fees for
4-sa-at-ta-nu u TI.MES PN, and PN3 will
the palace from tavern keepers and cookshop
collect the fine from PN and take (it) JEN
operators) ana Au-ud-du-nim Studies Lands-
383:61, cf. 4-Sa-at-ta-an u ileqqe HSS 9 22:26;
berger 211:4; one mina of silver §A K.
BABBAR ZABAR.DAB Sa
GN GN 2 u GN, ...
i.ME§ a[gar LU].ME dSa qdtika §u-ud-din-m[i]
collect oil from the people in your charge
NiG.SU PN ZABAR.DAB a ana PN2 PA.PA a-na
AASOR 16 1:30, cf. i.MES ... u -te-ed-[din]
u-u[d-d]u-nim na-ad-nu YOS 12 35:7, cf.
ibid. 31, Su-ud-din-mi ibid. 36 and 39; summa
TIM 2 93:9 and 18, TLB 4 8:9, 39:32 and 37,
UDU.ME§ ... 8a u4-a-at-ta-nu mddu if the
59:15, TCL 17 70:17, TCL 18 124:13 and 17,
sheep they collect are many (they amount
VAS 16 78:18, LIH 30:9, AJSL 32 277 No. 2:16,
to one hundred sheep) ibid. 5:27, of. ibid. 19,
Edzard Tell ed-Der 30:8.
also la 4-Sa-at-ta-as-si-nu-ti ibid. 36; [TOG].
c' other occs.: tuppd[tim i]ndti Au-ud- HI.A.ME§ ama LU.ME 4-pa-ra-[ti]u -te-et-ti-in
di-in-ma have (him) hand over these tablets ibid. 7:50; PN §E.ME§ ... aar emantuhle
PBS 7 104:17, cf. ki-sd-si-na i4-a-da-nu--u 4-da-at-ta-an u ana PN, inandin PN will
will they have him hand over their (the collect the barley from the overseers-of-ten
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nadanu 3b nadanu 6c
and give (it) to PN2 HSS 15 56:14 .and 25 an-ni VAS 16 193:8, see Frankena, AbB 6 193;
(= RA 36 120). barley Sa ... palgu la ihheramaus-ta-ad-di-nu
that (PN had given out for digging the canal
6' in MA: 3 tuppdtu ... ana PN ana and) was collected again as the canal was not
sa-ad-du-[ni] tadnanisSu i4-a-da-an iddan dug TCL 1 125:7 (all OB); (list of barley items,
three documents have been given to PN for subscript) 8a us-ta-di-nu which have been
collection, he will collect and hand over (the collected UCP 10 154 No. 88:22 (OB Ishchali).
silver) KAJ 115:17 and 19, cf. ana Sa-du-ni
tadnata i-Sa-ta-na ... i-din-na KAJ 114:13 6. sutaddunu to intermingle, to deliberate,
and 15, also 110:18f., [ana Sa-ad]-du-u-ni tadin to discuss a problem - a) to intermingle:
KAJ 113:31, ana sa-ad-du-ni ittidin KAJ if there are two gall bladders and mesina
109:20; Se'a annia4-?a-dan ?' SE GIBIL sa ana us-ta-na-da-na YOS 10 60:5, also (negated)
Sa-du-ni tadnasuni ... itabbak KAJ 119:11 ibid. 4 (OB); me marti ana libbisa ul-ta-ad-da-
and 13, of. also KAJ 107:13, 238 r. 6, 274:9; nu the liquid of the gall bladder intermingles
from Tell Billa: 1 tuppu ... [a]na Sa-du-ni with (thatof) its center CT 30 44 83-1-18,415:10,
tadnat JCS 7 125 No. 9:11. also ibid. 45 83-1-18,415 r. 5, also me marti
ana DI-hi me DI-hi ana marti u-ta-da-nu
7' in SB: nddin ... ana biriji mu-sad-din (var. us-ta-na-ad-da-nu) (see sihhu usage
atra he who lends by the medium measure a-2'b'-3") CT 28 44 r. 7, var. from dupl.
(but) collects by the larger one Lambert BWL TCL 6 2 r. 12; if there are two gall bladders
132:113; rubg bisi qatisu 4-sa-ad-da-nu-Su masrahSina istenma mesi<na> suM.svM-na
they will make the ruler hand over his but their cystic duct(?) is one and they mingle
personal possessions KAR 150:13 (SB ext.); their liquids KAR 434:10, cf. masrahLina ahe
see also Ai. III i 54, in lex. section. mesina SUM.sUM.ME-ma KAR 423 iii 23, also
marrati sehrati Saknama meina SUM.ME§
8' in NB: barley ana qdteka ul-ta-da-an-ni
CT 28 48 K.182+ r. 10; if there is a sihhu at
BIN 1 12:7.
the base of the gall bladder medu SUM.ME
b) to make sell: tesirannimaimmerija ana TCL 6 2 r. 18 (all SB ext.).
kaspim tu-Sa-ad-di-na-an-ni-i-ma you have
put pressure on me and have made me sell b) to deliberate, to think about: ittdt
my sheep ABIM 23:33 (OB let.).
same u erseti amrdku Au-ta-du-na-ku (see
amdru A mng. 2e) Streck Asb. 254 i 14; .a
c) with libbu to direct one's attention: zanan mSahazi ... us-ta-da-na kariuta I (con-
by extispicy I consulted Sama and Adad stantly) give thought to providing for the
ema libbam u-us-ta-ad-di-nu ukassipu min. sanctuaries Bohl Chrestomathy No. 25:20, cf.
didti (see kesepu mng. 2) VAB 4 62 ii 35 JCS 19 77:26 (both Sin-ear-ikun); rdA uzni ,a
(Nabopolassar). tuS-ta-ad-di-nu la murqa wise one, you
who thought about senseless things Lambert
4. Sutaddunu to agree to swear an oath BWL 76:78 (Theodicy); iumiSam uS-ta-ad-da-an
to each other: sarrdnu ina ni-is DINGIR us- daily I concerned myself with it YOS 1 45 i
ta-ad-da-[nu] kings will agree to conclude 27 (Nbn.); ina pakkija rabiu 4-Sd-ta-ad-di-
(a treaty) under oath (opposite: ipattaru im-ma I deliberated in my great wisdom
dissolve) KAR 428:57 (SB ext.). (and then gave the order to expert craftsmen)
VAB 4 62 ii 23 (Nabopolassar).
5. sutaddunu to be collected (passive to
mng. 3): LAL.I.A ... uSMur ul u$-ta-ad-da-an c) to discuss a problem (with others):
the arrears are remitted, they will not be [zn1-ta-da-nu ummidnf the craftsmen had a
collected Kraus Edikt § 12' iv 34, cf. [LAL. consultation Gilg. Y. iv164, cf. \uS-ta-dil-nu
Ib.A-tu-n]ui-[ul um-ta]-ad-da-na ibid. § 10' (in broken context) ibid. i 21, cf. [$a attu]nu
iv 23; bilat arrim de-um 4-ul u-ta-ad-da- tuw-ta-ad-di-nu En.el. I 126; au-ta-ad-da-nu
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nadanu 7a nadanu 7a
kilalldn CT 46 No. 16 iv 4 (OB Gilg.); ina handed over PBS 7 62:22, cf. kanikum ikkas
Upsunkinnakuus-ta(var. adds -ad)-di-nu unu nikma in-na-di-is-sum BIN 7 8:32; ana
milkassun they take counsel in the Upsun- SIZKUR.RI MN in-na-ad-nu (sheep) given for
kinnaku En. el. VI 162; she is their queen the sacrifice of MN UET 5 615:5, cf. TCL 10
us-ta-na-ad-da-nu siqrisa they give thought 17:34 and r. 22; moist bran ana SA.GAL GUD.
to her commands RA 22 170:29 (OB lit.); HI.A li-in-na-di-inshould be delivered as feed
itti Sin abika tu.-ta-da-an-ma tanandin urtu for the cattle Kraus AbB 1 102:19, cf. istu
you (Sama6) take counsel with Sin, your MU.4.KAM ESIR ma-ti in-na-ad-di-nam when
father, and then give orders KAR 105:7 and in (the last) four years was bitumen delivered
dupl. 361:7; us-ta-nam-da-na tenesetu Or. NS to me? A 3526:23; temi ana erresi ul in-na-
36 116:7 (hymn to Gula), cf. ibid. 120:70; <(A di-in my order was not given to the tenant
DINGIR.ME eli mdti uS-ta-ad-da-nu the gods farmers PBS 7 72:9; in the CH: eqlum u
will deliberate about the country Thompson kirum in-na-ad-di-is-sum-ma CH § 28:38, and
Rep. 195:4, for comm. see lex. section; nanzazu passim with fields, cf. Salusti eqlim u kirim ana
taslitu uz-ta-na-ad-da-nu elija the courtiers ummisu in-na-ad-di-in-ma § 29:48, also
plot .... against me Lambert BWL 32:57 mimma sa in-na-ad-nu-sum ana bel s bultim
(Ludlul I); us-ta-da-nu kaliSunu AfO 19 66 inaddin § 112:72, etc.; summa re'zm a alpum
K.9918:12; difficult: su-ta-du-nu mithurti ... in-na-ad-nu-sum § 265:65, etc.; uzubbija
KAR 44 r. 17. mimma ul in-na-ad-di-i-i-im no divorce
money at all will be given to her § 141:51, cf.
7. IV to be given, delivered, to be sold eqelsu ... ana iptirisu ul in-na-ad-di-in
(passive to mngs. 1 and 2)- a) in gen. - § 32:38, also nipldtim Sa in-na-ad-nu-sum
1' in OB: the igis tax of GN sa ana §u-ud- itabbal § 41:61, etc.; summa ... simum ...
du-nim in-na-ad-nu that was made over (to ina ekallim la in-na-di-in-su Kraus Edikt § 9'
the merchant) for collection CT 45 41:9, cf. iii 38, § 8' iii 28, etc.
(silver) sa ana tamkdri E DN.TA in-na-ad-nu
UET 5 430:6, also mala in-na-ad-nu uSastiru
2' in Mari: four talents of silver ana terhat
they had a record made of what had been mnrat PN in-na-ad-di-in will be given as
given Frank Strassburger Keilschrifttexte 35 bride money for PN's daughter ARM 146:7,
r. 18, the judge a kaspum in-na-ad-nu-sum cf. (barley) ana halsim [l]i-in-na-di-in-ma
ARM 2 81:34, also ARMT 13 35:25.
Kraus AbB 1 100:17, etc.; one shekel of silver
sa ana sattukki ili ... ana passi in-na-ad-nu 3' in MB, Alalakh: never through all time
BIN 2 73:13; se'am ana awile PA.MAR.TU.MES mdrat Sarri ... ana mamma ul in-na-ad-di-in
naddnam aqbi ul in-na-di-in I ordered that has a daughter of the king (of Egypt) been
the barley be given to the honorable over- given (in marriage) to any (foreigner) EA 4:7
seers of the Amurru, it was not given (MB royal); they are considered thieves, their
VAS 7 197:14, cf. (barley) [sa] ana GN in- hands will be cut off 6 lim erd ana ekalli in-
na-ad-nu Grant Smith Coll. 266:3, cf. Edzard na-an-din-u 6,000 (shekels of) copper will
Tell ed-Der 231:6, 1 GUR e'um li-in-na-di-in- be paid to the palace for him (the slave they
ma Sumer 14 65 No. 39:23, also (barley) have harbored) Wiseman Alalakh 2:32.
4umma ana iprim in-na-an-di-i[n] TCL 17
1:12, etc.; eqlum §a PN ... itu addaqdi ana 4' in SB lit. and omens: simtu la iisimmu
PN, in-na-di-in PN's field has been allotted la in-nam-di-nu tak-li-mu (without whom)
to PN, since last year TCL 1 42 r. 17, cf. no destiny can be established, no offering
eqlum A' asaranain-na-ad-di-in-m[a] TCL 7 can be given PBS 1/1 18:10, restored from LKA
68:40, also 6:6, 23:19; ina eqlim ... sa in- 42:13, cf. Jattu agu ... ana Sarrim ... ina
na-ad-na-an-ni-a-i-imBIN 7 3:8, etc.; Sa ... balum amad ul in-na-din KAR 19 obv.(!) 16,
kanjk sarri la in-na-[ad]-nu about which the cf. r.(!) 10, see Or. NS 23 210f.; li-in-na-ad-nam-
sealed document from the king has not been ma iIten a&huun let one of their brothers be
58
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nadanu 7b nadaru
handed over En. el. VI 13, cf. li-in-na-ad-nam- 2' other occs.: summa bitdtu sa GN adumi
ma Sa ibnil tuquntu ibid. 25; mimma tuhalliqu PN i-ta-di-nu TCL 21 216A:18 (OA); barley
itti ili sUM-ku whatever you have lost will be 9a ana amnim in-na-ad-nu VAS 7 197:20;
restored to you from the god KAR 427:28 elliptical: go and buy the donkeys lama in-
(SB ext.); eriSti ina biti aweli innerriSu ul na-ad-nu before they are sold CT 33 21:24
i-na-di-in a petition that will be asked (of (both OB); mahir 1 siLA ana 1 GUR sM-in
the deity) in the man's house will not be (see mahiru mng. 3e) ACh Istar 17:13, etc.;
granted RA 38 82:5 (OB ext.), also, wr. SUM-in put eteru Sa eqli ki taS~ti eql in-na-dan as you
TCL 6 4:7 (SB ext.) and dupl. CT 30 39 K.3568+ have assumed warranty for paying (the price
:6; tallu hursi ... anaAni suM-in the golden of) the field, my field will be sold CT 22
tallu container is offered to Anu RAcc. 90:19. 113:11 (NB).
5' in NB: from her husband's possessions Note the isolated II/2 form mare SAL
nudunnd mala nudunnu in-nam-din-4i her rabiti tu-ut-ta-ad-nu-su-nu ina qiti RN you
entire dowry (lit. the dowry as much as there will extradite the sons of the Great Lady to
is dowry) will be given (back) to her SPAW Ammistamru MRS 9 146 RS 17.318+ :29'.
1889 p. 828 (pl. 7) iv 15, cf. ki nikkassi a mutisu
In Hitt. the forms addin and iddin occur
mimma in-nam-din-4s ibid. 25 (NB laws); ana
as Akkadograms.
dullu u kurummati li-in-na-din (silver) should
be spent for work and provisions YOS 3 81:11, Ad mng. li-i': Zimmern Fremdw. 16. Ad mng.
3a: Holma, OLZ 1919 9 n. 2. Ad mng. 6: Bauer
cf. ki ana belija in-nam-din-ni BIN 1 58:18;
Asb. 2 84 n. 3.
the silver sa la sakin temi ana mamma la in-
nam-din CT 22 101:22, cf. 121:22 (all letters); nadaqu v.; (mng. unkn.); lex.*
dates Ja ana rihit kurummati ... in-na-ad- si-irVB = na-da-qu (followed by netd) Erimhul
di-in YOS 6 126:4; ,a ... ana makkuri V 92.
Eanna in-na-an-di-nu TCL 13 182:25, cf.
sataru ... in-na-am-din Cyr. 302: 10, also nadarruru see dardru A.
in-na-an-din-ni VAS 5 107:12; istit ina
libbisina ana DN ... ta-an-na-an-din one of nadaru v.; 1. (in the stative) to rage,
them (the women) will be handed over to DN 2. nanduru (nenduru, ndduru) to prey, to go
YOS 6 71:23, cf. ki ta-an-na-ad-nu ibid. 32 on a rampage, 3. IV/3 (iterative to mng. 2);
and dupl. 72:23 and 31, etc. OB, Bogh., SB; I (only inf. and stative at-
tested), IV, IV/3; wr. syll. and (ACh Supp. 2
b) to be sold - 1' with ana kaspi: ana la iv 20) SU.ZI; cf. nadru, nanduru A.
kaspim i-ni-di-in-ma BIN 6 72:6, cf. ana zi-i zi = na-da-rum, labab, nalbubuAIII/1 : 150ff.;
kaspim mala i-ni-id-nu-ni BIN 6 114:11 (both [zi] = n[a-d]a-riMIN [ie-g]u-u Comm. B 5 to A III1,
OA); [ana K].BAB[BAR] in-n[a-di-in] Kraus of. Comm. A 4.
Edikt § 19' vi 3; i.NUN ... ana kaspim in-na- un.56 §u zi.ga.a.mes : ana nice na-ad-ru
they (the demons) are in a rage against mankind
di-in-ma UET 5 511:2; ocean fish Sa ana
CT 16 14 iv 24f.
jim kaspim ... in-na-ad-nu Boyer Contribution Uix(U 4 ).zu ni.te.na. e Au ha.ba.ab.zi
113:4, cf. ibid. 30, etc. (all OB); NA BI ana KIT. kiopuia ana ramania li-in-na-ad-ru let her
BABBAR SUM-in that man will be sold sorceries rage against herself ZA 45 14:6 (Bogh.
CT 40 33:5 and dupl. TCL 6 8:4 (SB Alu); (a inc.); li.li.a.bi §u ha.ba.an.zi.zi LtOxUS.bi.
ne.ne zu.bi (older recension: zi .ri.ib) ana
slave girl) ina pandt sa ana kaspi ana PN lillidiSunu lu na-an-du-ra-ta-ma alm4teunu mu'i
tan-na-an-di-nu at a previous time, when rage against their offspring, and treat their corpses
she was sold to PN YOS 6 79:13; ga ana with contempt (Akk. differs) Lugale X 12; sA,.
ekalli ana kaspi in-na-ad-nu Evetts Ner. 9:4, ALAM.bi kdr.kdr.ru me.dim tu ba.an.zi :
bu[nnann Ju]nndtabindtina-an-du-rat you (Nergal)
cf. TCL 13 219:5, wr. in-na-din-nu Pinches
have strange features and awesome limbs 4R 24
Peek No. 22:26, in-nam-di-nu TCL 12 34:21, No. 1:33f.; sag.gii.ra.ra lul.zi.zi.da nu.se.
in-nam-din VAS 6 43:22, etc. (all NB). ga.mes : [m]u-[na-']i.irlem-ni nen-du.-ru Iraq 38
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nadaru nadaru
91 r. 8; [...] KAxLI.KAxLI zi.ga.ta : [...]-ri of the city gate CT 40 41a:3, also (said of
rigmu in-na-ad-ru OECT 6 pl. 30 K.5159:7f. piru elephant) ibid. 10; umma KI.MIN ulidma
1. (in the stative) to rage: ezzeta damrdtu DUMU.MEg-sa in-na-dir-ma unaSSak if ditto
na-ad-ra-td you (demon) are furious, terri- (= a sow) gives birth and starts to rage and
fying, raging AMT 97,1:8, dupl. Kocher BAM bite its young CT 28 40 K.6286 r. 14 (both SB
221 iii 25, 385 iv 20; see also CT 16, in lex. Alu); [eli] pagriki eri u zibu li-in-na-ad-ru
section. may eagle and jackal rage against your corpse
Maqlu VIII 85, see Landsberger, MSL 8/2 130.
2. IV to prey, to go on a rampage -
a) said of wild animals - 1' lions and b) in similes: labbis an-na-dir-ma ana
wolves: ina ukulti alpe seni u ameliti in-na- kasdd mdtdti Sdtina aStakan panija I became
ad-ru-maezizu (innumerable lions) devouring enraged like a lion and prepared to conquer
cattle, sheep, and men, went on a rampage those countries Winckler Sar. pl. 31:40, cf.
and raged Bauer Asb. 2 87 r. 5; neum in-na- labbis an-na-dir-ma allabib abibis OIP 2
an-da-ar a lion will prey YOS 10 18:28, 46 v 51:25, also 44 v 67 and 50:16 (all Senn.); labbis
21; ina libbi mdtim Sina nesi in-na-da-ru-ii- an-na-dir-ma issarih kabatti (see sardhu A
ma in the open country two lions will prey mng. 4b) Borger Esarh. 43 i 57.
YOS 10 42 iv 26 (all OB ext.); n~eu in-na-an-
dar-ma alaktu ipparras a lion will prey so c) said of robbers, troops: [...] x nen-
the road will be cut Boissier DA 8 r. 33f., du-ru asita Saknu (the enemy troops) are
CT 20 28 r. 13, also ACh Sin 34:26 and 29, Supp. raging [...], they cause confusion LKA
2 97 r. 11, cf. [... ] in-na-da-ru-maalakti mati 63:17 (SB lit.); habbdtu in-na-an-da-ru robbers
SUB.ME§ ACh Sin 33:62, neu in-na-dar will go preying Thompson Rep. 88 r. 2, 103:7,
CT 39 22:18 (SB Alu); barbari in-na-da-ru also ACh Supp. 2 Adad 97 r. 9; US.MES KI.MIN
HUCA 40-41 91 iii 24 (OB Alu); na-an-dur ne i nes in-nam-da-ru-ma (var. BE.MES = isSeg=
u barbari preying of lions and wolves gdma) alaktu iparrasu men, variant: lions,
ACh Adad 2:18, also 16:4, ACh Sin 3:37, 35:47, will go on a rampage (var. become enraged)
Supp. Sin 7:19, Thompson Rep. 153:2, ABL and cut off traffic ACh Supp. 2 Sin 1 iv 25, also
1409:7, CT 39 8 K.8406:8; na-an-du-ur nesi Thompson Rep. 143 r. 1, var. from ibid. 94 r. 4,
Thompson Rep. 140:2, RA 17 179 Sm. 22 r. 10, 108:4; GURUX.MES SU.ZI.MES-ma hubbutu ina
dupl., wr. SA-uR-dr Kocher BAM 1 iii 42, wr. mati ibaSsi men will prey, and there will be
na-du-ur Kocher Pflanzenkunde 22 iv 15. robberies throughout the country ACh Supp.
2 la iv 20, cf. GURUS.ME§ in-na-da-ru Thomp-
2' dogs: [... ]a(?) in-na-ad-ru-ma la son Rep. 153 r. 4, also 118:6, 230:2; GIS.TUKUL
ittadtd almassun (since(?) the dog) did not in-nam-da-ru-ma LU Lj ina kakki iddk the
become enraged and did not throw down troops will go on a rampage, and man will kill
their corpses Lambert BWL 208:17 (Fable of man ACh Sin 33:30; see also Lugale, in lex.
the Fox), of. BM 16775:15, 17, cited AHw. 703b. section.
3' snakes: [.umma siru] ana pan ameli
d) of demons: x(traces do not fit [i]n)-na-
in-na-dir-ma irammum if a snake rears up
ad-ru-nim-ma nanhuzzu isdtis (the seven
toward a man and hisses CT 38 35:55, cf.
demons) raged against me, ablaze like a fire
gumma Ziru in-na-DAR(var. -dir)-ma KAR Lambert BWL 34:68 (Ludlul I); see also ZA 45,
386:7, var. from KAR 389 a ii 15; §umma siru
4R 24, in lex. section.
ina siqi in-na-ad-ru-ma KAR 389 o (p. 351) i 22
(all SB Alu); sir in-nam-[da-ru-m]a
. amiliti e) said of rigmu: see OECT 6 pl. 30, in lex.
unabaku snakes will become wild(?) and will section; for nddur see adaru A mng. 7c and
bite men ACh Sin 34:28. discussion section.
4' other animals: Bumma rimu ina pan 3. IV/3 (iterative to mng. 2): summa
abulli in-na-dir if a wild bull rages in front dahbt it-ta-na-ad-da-ru if pigs keep going
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nadaiu nadinanu
on a rampage CT 41 31:36, also ibid. 30:1, had paid from the estate of the one who sold
KAR 394 ii 17, CT 38 46:1, (said of dogs) CT 38 (them) CH § 9:45, also § 12:9, cf. he declares
49:21, 18; ibri u tappe it-ta-nam-da-ru-in-ni na-di-na-nu-um-mi iddinam somebody sold
nige alija it-ta-nam-da-ra-nin-ni my friend (the stolen property) to me § 9:9; Mibiu ha
and my partner are furious with me without pi tuppi 9a na-di-na-nu-um ikkiru ubbalam
ceasing, the people of my city are furious he will bring witnesses pertaining to the
with me without ceasing (see also addru A contract that the seller denied Kraus Edikt
mng. 7c) 4R 59 No. 2:21 (SB lit.). § 5': 38; umma awilum wardam amtam
idamma baqri irtaAi na-di-na-an-fubaqri ippal
For the problem of separating adaru and
if a man buys a slave or a slave girl, and
naddru see adrum A discussion section.
claims arise against him, the one who sold
nadau (or nataSu) v.; (mng. unkn.); lex.* (the slave) to him will satisfy the claims
CH § 279:70; ana na-di-na-ni-u utar he
= na-da-sum MSL 9 137:685 (Proto-Aa).
Sin
returns (the slave) to the one who sold him
nada'u see nadi v. to him CH § 278:62; Aumma awilum ...
Aimam mala ibaSdi iAdmma na-di-na-nam la
Vu.sum.sum.ma
naddinu adj.; generous; lex.*; cf. nadanuv.
= na-ad-di-nu Nabnitu J 32.
ukin M4ma
merchandise
arraq if a man buys some
but cannot prove the (identity
of the) seller, he himself is considered a thief
naddullu see nattullu. Goetze LE § 40 A iii 29, B iii 13; na-di-na-nu-
nadianu s.; person who has planted (an um arraqidddk the one who sold (property
orchard); MA; cf. nadi v. lost by another) is considered a thief, he will
be put to death CH § 9:38; na-di-na-nu-um
summa a'ilu ... kird iddi ... kira ana da iddinundAi iba§M the people who sold
na-di-a-ni za[ku] if a man has planted an (the oxen) to us indeed exist (they live in GN)
orchard (in another man's field), the orchard Sumer 14 54 No. 28:9 (Harmal let.); na-di-na-
is free of claims for the one who planted it nu §a ana PN iddinu u PNg ubtarrima aAar
KAV 2 v 17 (Ass. Code B § 12). iburru innaddin (see bdru A mng. 2b) TCL 1
132:21; umma ana kaspim iSdmu i na-di-
**nadillinum
lex. section.
(AHw. 704a) see natalu v.
[na-nu] leq ... u
na-di-na-ni kusud if they
bought (the oxen) and the sellers took (the
nadillu see natilu s. silver), get hold of the sellers CT 29 3b:13
and 23.
nadimmu s.; stonecutting tool; lex.*
[gi ].na.dim = Au-mu (vars. gis.na4 .dim =
uv-mu, gi .z Aa-ad-imdim = giS-za-dim-mu) Hh.
b) in MB: PN gakin mat GN mahar&
na-di-na-an eqli PN, ... illikuma PN, the
IV 52, see MSL 9 169. former governor of GN, the seller of the field,
Var. of zadimmu, q.v. PN, (and other people) came (and the king
questioned them) MDP 6 pl. 9 ii 23 (kudurru).
nadinanu s.; 1. seller, person who has sold
property, 2. one who has handed over c) in NB -1' in gen.: na-di-na-nu kaspa
property; OB, MB, Nuzi, NB; cf. nadanu v. ki pi u'ilti ina qaqqadiSu ana mahiranu
inandin (see mahirdnu usage b-l') SPAW
lu.kU.se.an.sum.mu, ga.ab.sum = na-di-
na-nu Nabnitu J 30f.; ga.ab.sum= na-di-na-nu
1889 pl. 7 ii 18 (NB laws).
Izi V 105.
2' with specification of the property sold:
1. seller, person who has sold property if there is any claim against the house PN LP
- a) in OB: Ajimdnum ina bit na-di-na-nim na-din-na-anbiti u unit biti Sudtu umarragma
kasap idqulu ileqqe the man who bought (the PN, the seller of the house and the furnishings
goods lost by another) takes the money he of the house, will satisfy it VAS 15 13:15 and
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nadinatu nadinu
seal, also ibid. 12 seal, 13 seal, BRM 2 32:19 and Speleers Recueil 293:20 and 38, cf. PN <na>-di-
seal, 43 seal, Speleers Recueil 299:36, and passim; na-at amelutu VAS 6 138:17, wr. na-din-at
PN na-di-na-nu isqi PN, the seller of the VDI 54/4 140 No. 1 edge.
prebend VAS 5 37:9, also Speleers Recueil 296:36,
297:15; PN na-di-na-nu eqli AnOr 9 7:9, Used as fern. of nadindnu, q.v. See also
also BE 8 137:4, VAS 5 3:7, 12:8, wr. na-din- nuidittu.
an BBSt. No. 9 vi 3; PN Ltr na-din-na-an
kiSubba udtu VAS 15 41:23, 44:15, and pas- nadinnu s.; (mng. uncert.); NB.*
sim in NB leg.; PN u TPN, DAM-S4 na-di- [1-e]t SAL.ANSE GAL-ti U DUMU.SAL-ti-9
na-nu ame[liti] Nbn. 518:17; note the DUMU.SAL rxl MU.AN.NA na-din-nu sd GAL-ti
writings: PN SuM-na-nu isqi JRAS 1924 one adult donkey mare and her female young,
46:36, PN u PN 2 Lt na-din-na.MES Speleers x years old, the n. of the adult (mare) VAS 5
Recueil 298:21, and passim, LIT na-din-na isqi 34:2.
S~tu ibid. 294:19, 41, BRM 2 19 seal, and
passim, LU na-din-na-' isqi Sudti VAS 15 26: 11, Either an otherwise unattested term for
L na-din-' BRM 2 25 seal, 46 seal, LU na-din- "foal," as suggested by Landsberger, ZA 39
na-' kisubb a udtu BRM 2 38:14 and seal, PN 292 n. 1, or to be taken as nadinu, a derivative
na-di-na eqli AnOr 9 4:4, LU na-di-nanudunni of naddnu.
Nbn. 1113:27.
nadintu (nadittu) s.; gift; OB, MB*; cf.
2. one who has handed over property nadanu v.
(Nuzi): 3 L6.MES annitu muselwud a egli u
na-di-na-nu ia e'i these three men are the
ones who measured the field (sold) and handed
8 SAR t na-di-it-tisarrim a lot of eight SAR
with a house, a gift of the king TCL 18 106:7
over the barley (used as purchase price) (OB let.); na-din-tnu a PN ana PN2 iddinu
JEN 409:21, also HSS 9 101:44, 104:36, RA 23 gift which PN gave to PN 2 (preceding a list
119 No. 41:34, 152 No. 40:31, TCL 9 8:18, of items made of gold) PBS 13 72:1; na-di-
(referring to the witnesses) HSS 9 19:46, and tum ,a PN ana PN 2 iddinu Aro Kleidertexte
passim in adoption contracts, wr. na-din JEN 20 HS 187: 1 (coll. J. A. Brinkman), also, wr.
594:25; alkamami [u n]a-di-na-ni-ku-nu na-di-it-tum UET 7 55:1, 56:1, 57:1; gold
leqdnimma (the judges said to them) Go na-di-it-tum Sa PN Sumer 9 34ff. No. 27:5 (all
and fetch those who sold (the field in question) MB).
to you JEN 329:14; eqla SAcu umteSSir ana
PN adi na-di-na-nuubbala u PN liri I released nadinu s.; seller; OB; pl. nddinu; cf.
that field to PN, he may cultivate it until he naddnu v.
brings (before the court) the person who sold
S~jimdnum na-di-in (var. na-di-na-an)iddi:
it JTEN 191:12.
nuSum ... itbalam (if) the buyer brings the
Ad mng. 2: Koschaker NRUA 69f.
person who sold (the stolen property) to him
CH § 9:19, also § 10:49, for var. see JCS 21 45;
ana Sumi arhis uSessininnima na-ti-ni-a asab:
nadinatu s.; woman who has sold property; batu so that he may obtain my release
NB; cf. nadanu v. promptly and I may seize those who have
sold me Tell Asmar 1930,230:15 (early OB), see
ahi zitti sa PN na-di-na-at biti sa itti PN,
Jacobsen, AS 6 29.
mdhirdni biti la zu'uzu the half share of fPN,
the seller of the house, which is not divided The occ. na-ti-nu da kaspi (beside mudalwu
between her and PN,, the buyer of the house a ].I.A.ME§) HSS 5 55:37 is most likely a
Camb. 233:18; PN na-din-na-at bit kuruppu mistake for na-ti-<na>-nu, see nddindnu
hudtu rPN, the seller of this kuruppu structure mng. 2.
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na'di naditu A
na'dit adv.; reverently; SB; cf. na'ddu A. in the gag4 opens a tavern or enters a tavern
dug 4 .ga dEn.ki.kex(KID) KAL.KAL u.mu.un.
for beer CH § 110:36;
martiSu SAL.ME Mardukia
summa abum ana
Babilim Seriktam
Si.in.gin : ina qibit Ea na-'-diS(text -BAR) tal-lak-
ma(text -UD) you will follow Ea's order reverently la iSrukSim ... ina 1G.GA I .A.BA IGI.3.GAL
SBH p. 55 No. 28 r. 8f. DUMU.US-Aa itti abhhia izdzma ilkam ul illak
agsu sa ... imi ruiqti naddnimma u kunnu SAL.ME Marduk warkassa ema eliSa tabu
paleja na-'-di-id akmesa utnin I fell on my inaddin if a father did not give any wedding
knees reverently and prayed (to the gods) to endowment to his daughter who is a n. of
grant (me) long life and to make my reign Marduk of Babylon, she takes a one-third
enduring Lie Sar. 80:12, Winckler Sar. pl. 36:174. share of her inheritance together with her
brothers but does not perform the ilku
nadittu see nadintu. service, the n. of Marduk may give her
nadittu s.; woman seller; LB; cf. and 93, cf. summa
estate to whomever she wishes CH § 182:78
abum ana mdrtiSu SAL.ME
gagim u nl SAL.ZI.IK.RU.UM seriktam la iruk-
nadanu v.
sim ... ina NIG.GA .A.BA zittam kima aplim
supur fPN na-di-tum L~-ut-tim uati finger- iSten izdzma adi baltat ikkal if a father did not
nail (impression) of rPN, the seller of this grant a wedding endowment to his daughter
slave (for parallels see nadinatu) TCL 13 248 who is a n. living in a gag4 or is a sekertu, she
edge. takes a share amounting to (that of) one
male heir from the property of her father's
Possibly a mistake for nddinat amelutti, house and has the usufruct of it as long as
see nadinatu. she lives CH § 180:45, cf. § 179:20, also ug:
babtum SAL.ME u lu SAL.ZI.IK.RU.UM § 178:61;
naditu A s.; (woman dedicated to a god, summa abum SAL.ME NU.GIG u lu NU.BAR ana
usually unmarried, not allowed to have ilim issima if a father dedicated to a god a
children, usually living in a gaga); OAkk., (daughter as) n., qadistu, or kulmaSitu
OB, SB; pl. nadiatu, nadatu; wr. syll. and CH § 181:61; SAL.ME tamkdrum u ilkum
LITKUR(SAL.ME); cf. nadid v. ah4m eqelsu kirdu u bissu anakaspim inaddin
lu-ku-ur SAL.ME = na-di-tum Diri IV 187, also (see ilku A mng. 5a-2') CH § 40:39.
Sb I 332; [SAL].ME = na-di-tum MSL 9 137:676
(Proto-Aa); [...] - SAL.ME = x-[...] Emesal
Voc. II 83; SAL.MEfna--tm OB Proto-Lu 263;
2' in letters: summa awili sunu wardii a
[en].dInanna, [SAL].MElUkur= na-di-tu Lu IV 22f. SAL.ME.dUTU.MES ana beletiSunu litiru if
ugula.lukur.ra OB Proto-Lu 166; sa.tam.6. these men are slaves of n.-women of Sama§,
na.di.tum (preceded by nakkamtu, q.v.) Lu I let them return to their mistresses Kraus AbB
137i, also MSL 12 80:8 (RS Forerunner to Lu), 1115 r. 8, also ibid. obv. 10, 129:7ff.; ana na-
of. (in same context) en.nu.un.na.di.tum =
KI.MIN (= ma-sar) na-di-ti Lu II 21; rA
na-di-tum di-tim kiam iSpuram amti &urimma amatki
- KA n[a(?)-di-tum] KAV 134 ii 12 (list of gates); lusriakki na-di-tum amtam uterma amat
gi.pisan.ninda.lukur.ra MSL 7 186:52 (Fore- na-di-tim iktala she wrote to the n., "Send
rurmer to Hh. VIII). me my slave girl, and I will send you your
Sd-muk-tum, up-pu-u--tum = na-di-tum Malku
I 131f.
slave girl" - the n. returned the slave girl,
but she kept the slave girl of the n. ibid.
a) in OAkk.: Na-ti-tum (as personal 28:34ff.; ezub la k4ti ur'ud 5 SAL.ME.dUTU.MES
iame) Fish Catalogue 160 viii 19. ina Ebabbari adik if it were not for you, I
would have cut the throats of five n.-women
b) in OB - 1' in CH: ,umma SAL.ME of §ama§ in Ebabbar ibid. 34:22; a ana din
ugbabtum a ima gagim la waSbat E.KA§.DIN.NA SAL.ME.dUTU.MES ana gagim Saknu (PN) who
iptete u lu ana 9ikarim ana ].KAS.DIN.NA is in charge of the gagi4 for the lawsuits of the
tecrub if a n. or an ugbabtu who does not live n.-women of §ama VAS 16 62:9; SAL.ME
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naditu A naditu B
dUTU la ihabbalu they must not do wrong to b' organization and officials: PN PA na-
the n. of §ama§ PBS 7 85:16; adi awat na- di-a-tim PN, the overseer of the n.-s Edzard
di-tim tanassahu mamman ul uwad$arka until Tell ed-Der 111:8, cf. PN PA SAL.ME dUTU
you have removed (the claims resulting from) CT 44 53 seal 2, for other refs. see Renger, ZA 58
the case of the n., nobody will set you free 151 n. 286f.; see also a.tam.e.na.di.tum,
CT 6 8:15; sa tuppa ublakku amat na-di-ti massdr naditi (for bit naditi) in lex. section.
she who brought you the tablet is a slave girl
of a n. CT 29 12:29, see Frankena, AbB 2 No. c) in Mari: rations for PN []a na-di-tim
142; tem gagim sa PN SAL.ME dUTU ahati (beside PN, Ja r e awiltim) ARM 9 24 iii 16;
iapuram liprusma let him check the report PN GEME USAL na-di-tam ana ser belija
on the gag4 which my sister PN, a n. of atrudam (uncert.) ARM 5 82:19.
Samar, has sent TCL 1 54:30; ummi na-di-
turn suahram ana leqgtim ilqema my mother, d) in later texts: ina birija i9turu vzu
a n., adopted a boy YOS 2 50:5; aum aplt damiqtu uz eristi na-da-a-ti eriJti ill ana
SAL.ME dUTU 9a PN ... ilq4 as for the
inheritance of the n. of Sama§ which PN had
ameli (see eristu A mng. Ib) YOS 1 45 i 17
(Nbn.); 9 GAN §E.BA SAL.ME dUTU (a field in)
taken Kraus AbB 1 14:7; aSdum se'im a the nine-iku (common) for the support of
amat SAL.ME dUTU [Sa] takpuram as for the the n. of Sama§ CT 32 1 iii 28, also ibid. 2 iv 7
barley of the slave girls of the n. of Sama§ (NB Cruc. Mon.).
about which you have written VAS 16 125:6;
wardum halq[um] Sa PN SAL.ME Marduk ina e) in lit.: qaditu na-di-tum (var. SAL.ME)
GN ibaASi the fugitive slave of PN, a n. of itaritukulmagitu (in enumeration of women
Marduk, is in Sippar-Amnanu LIH 89:9; practicing witchcraft) Maqlu III 44, also Surpu
kirdm ... libbu ,a bit abisa ana PN SAL.ME VIII 69, cf. mdmit SAL.ME U SAL.NT.GIG
Surpu III 116; I conjure you by kibi SAL.
Ninurta ... idna give (pl.) the garden
ME.ME§ U NU.GIG.[ME§] CT 51 142:27 (inc.);
belonging to the estate of her father to PN,
the n. of Ninurta OECT 3 20:8; [a]wilum ,umma ina dli na-da-a-tu [MIN (= ma'da)]
kima na-di-tim iltapassima TCL 18 136:10. if there are many n.-s in a city (preceded by
kulmaatu and nadd, see nadi adj.) CT 38
5:118 (SB Alu), dupl. CT 51 146 r. 14; [eper bdb]
3' in adm. and leg. - a' in gen.: PN kima
LTJ.SAL.ME dust from the door of the (house
na-di-tim x x x illak (the n.-woman) PN will
of a) n. KAR 144:5, see ZA 32 172; na-da-teSAL.
.... like a n. BE 6/1 7:9; 'm simtim 9a na-
ME.ME§ Sa ina nemeqi uballata remu (see
di-a-tim the memorial day of the n.-s
baldtu v. mng. 8) KAR 321:7 (SB lit.); kima
PBS 8/2 183:35, see Harris, Studies Oppenheim
mar SAL.ME la iburra just as the child of a n.
110; ina A.GAR na-di-a-tim (in Sippar) RA 69
does not remain in good health Hunger Uruk
119:2; x silver ana na-di-a-ti[m] Edzard
44:67 (inc.).
Tell ed-Der 122:2, for the n. records of CT 47, see
Harris, Or. NS 38 133-145, and Kiimmel, OLZ In MDP 22 44:5 and 10, SAL mpN and not
SAL.ME PN occurs.
1970 146-149; for refs. to the n. of Aamas in Sippar
Landsberger, OLZ 1926 763 n. 3; Harris,
see Harris Ancient Sippar 305ff., also Renger, Studies Oppenheim 106ff.; Renger, ZA 58 149ff.
ZA 58 150ff., the n.-s of other gods in other cities
ibid. 169ff., the n. of Marduk ibid. 174f.; note
naditu B s.; deposited document; OA*;
also the n. of Ninurta TCL 18 106:6, see Renger,
cf. nadd v.
ZA 58 170ff., (of Nanna) JCS 15 49 111:9, (of
daturungal) PBS 8/2 104:5, (of adu-ilisu) ibid. 166 libbi na-di-ti-Su kdrum saher rabi lupattima
iii 18, (of Zababa) TCL 1 157: 27, (of Adad) Edzard tuppini lulappitma lallik let the assembly of
Tell ed-Der 181:5, see also Renger, ZA 58 169ff., the kdru open his deposited document and let
and IN na-ti-it dKA.DI Limet Sceaux Cassites them write a tablet for us, then I will go
2.24: 3. BIN 4 114:33.
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nadnu na'du A
nadnu adj.; given (occ. only in personal unassiha rime dna-ad-ru-u-ti (var. na-ad-ru-
names); NA, NB; cf. naddnu v. ti) simat bdbdni I tore out the (images of)
furious wild bulls, which adorned the gates
Nad-na-a-a (hypocoristic) ADD App. 1 ix
(of the temple tower of Susa) Streck Asb. 54
29 (list of names), wr. SUM-a-a ibid. 26, also
vi 60.
K.771:2, cited Tallqvist APN 166a, Nad-na-a
BIN 1 146:3, TCL 12 106:8, and passim in NB, 2' in metaphoric use: DN labbu na-ad-ru
see Tallqvist NBN 158. libbaki linuia Irninitu, raging lion, may
your heart be appeased STC 2 pl. 79:51; labbi
nadru (fem. nadirtu) adj.; raging, furious; na-ad-ru-tisa Istar unu they are the raging
OB, SB; wr. syll. and su.zi (f.ZI.GA CT 39 lions of Istar BBR No. 51:7, cf. ibid. 5; Esar-
49 r. 33); cf. naddru. haddon labbu na-ad-ru the raging lion
[zi-i] [zi] = na-ad-ru Idu I 37; [a-ta] [GAD. Borger Esarh. 97:24, also r. 13; neum na-ad-ru-
KID] = na-ad(text -si)-ru A II/1: 13'. um ni-hi-it alaktim (Papulegarra) the furious
ur.su.zi.ga = na-ad-ru Hh. XIV 77; ur.su. lion, who blocks(?) the way JRAS Cent. Supp.
zi.ga la-ab na-ad-ru Comm. A 5 to A III/1; pl. 8 v 29 (OB lit.).
ur.[su.zi.ga] = na-ad-ru = [...] Hg. A II 256,
in MSL 8/2 44; nig. u.zi.ga = na-dir-ti(vars.-tid, b) said of gods and demons: uSumgalle
-turn) Hh. XIV 103; pirig.su.zi.ga, pirig. na-ad-ru-u-ti (vars. na-ad-ru-ti/tum) pulhdti
ugu.dili = na-ad-ri Hh. XIV 130f.; pirig.ka.
duh.a = na-ad-ri,kattillu Hh. XIV 126f.; ur.ka. uSalbisma she (Tiamat) equipped raging
duh.a = na-ad-ru, kattillu Hh. XIV 78f.; [A].uA, monsters with fearsomeness En. el. I 137, II 23,
[A.us].gu.la = na-ad-ru Hh. XIV 137b-c; III 27, 85; [dPirig].ka.duh.a kattil na-
A.uS musen = na-ad-ru MSL 8/2 160:25 (Bogh. ad-ri (referring to Nergal) BiOr 6 166:2, see
Forerunner to Hh. XVIII), also Hg. B IV 241, in
Ebeling Handerhebung 116, of. Hh. XIV 126f.,
MSL 8/2 166.
su.ur.ur zi.ga.zu dlr.ra.ginx(GIM) lu.gil. in lex. section; qdt iii na-ad-ru hand of a
gil gir.gir he.en.ak : kagfiiki na-ad-ru kima raging god LKU 63 r. 3, wr. SU.zI Ebeling
Irra qardamu liiabriq may your (Istar's) raging KMI 55:2, qdt iii SU.ZI.GA CT 39 49 r. 33;
weapon strike the evil with lightning like the U na-ad-ri MIN MIN (= dAIAD .ane?) dMes:
Plague god RA 12 74:19f.; 5.KAM.MA pirig.
su(!).zi.ga : haSSa labbu na-ad-ru(var. -ri) the lamtae[a] (followed by P munniu, see muns
fifth is a raging lion CT 16 19:21f.; ur Fu.zi.ga nisu) CT 14 38 K.14081:2 (comm.).
imin.na.ne.ne : la-bu na-ad-ru-tum si-bit-[ti-Ju-
nu] 80-7-19,281:5 (courtesy W. G. Lambert); c) other occs.: nirka na-ad-ri (in broken
uum.su.zi.zi.ga : bagmu na-ad-ri raging mon- context) ZA 61 50:17 and 19; see also RA 12,
stor Frank Strassburger Keilschrifttexte 3:5. in lex. section.
na-ad-ru = ge-gu-u Malku I 75. In UET 6 392:33 read la-di-ru (= la adiru), see
§u.zI // na-ad-ri f/ MIN // §e-gu-u TCL 6 17 r. 31 Borger, AOAT 1 3.
(astrol. comm.); na-ad-ri // e-gu-u (comm. on
ittanaddaru)CT 41 30:1, also 31 r. 26 (Alu Comm.). na'du A (nddu) adj.; 1. pious, attentive,
a) said of lions and wild bulls - 1' in gen.: 2. careful, trustworthy; OB, MB, SB, NB;
18 nies na-ad-ru-ti [I killed] 18 raging lions cf. na'ddu A.
Bauer Asb. 2 88 K.6085:5, cf. urmd na-ad- 16.ni.tuku = na-ah-du, §a pu-lu-uh-tam i-§u-u
ru-[ti] ibid. 30 82-5-22,2:8; kima labbi na- OB LuA 53f.; u1.ni.tuku= na-ah-du OB LuB ii
10; [lu.(x).n]i.tuku, [lu.(x)].x.KAL = na-ah-du
ad-ri sa puluhtu rami like a raging lion which OB Lu B v 37f.
is endowed with fearsomeness TCL 3 420 sul ni.tuku gi§.nux(§mR) igi bar.ra.se
(Sar.); asihar sepesina Sukbusa labbi na-ad- i.gAl.la : etlu na-'-du a nIs nur ni u ana a hti
ru-te (figurines of protective spirits) the gaknu attentive young man, the look of whose
soles of whose feet rest on raging lions ibid. eyes is directed outward Lugale XI 38; A.nun
gal.zu a.a dumu.i.tu.ni a.a nig.zu nig.
375; [.a] qaqqad labbi na-ad-ru-te surru.din si.sA (var. nig.a.Ku gal.zu ama a.a i.tu.ud.
as1nimma (shields) from the center of which da nig.zi nig.si.sa) : na-du mud~ abu dlid zI-ti
heads of furious lions protrude ibid. 371;. u m&Sari attentive (Sum. mighty), knowledgeable
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na'du A nade
father who begets truth and justice STT 197:7f., kunSu) is a stone of (speaking) the truth,
dupl. K.9235:4, see Cooper, ZA 62 70:4; nun only a pious man should wear it Kocher BAM
i.du.ddug dEn.lil.dNin.lil.bi ni.tuku ga.la
nu.dag.e.[da] : rubh mut4b libbi Enlil u Ninlil 194 vii 17, of. ibid. viii 4 (series abnu sikinu).
na-'-du la muppark4 the constantly attentive
prince, who pleases the hearts of Enlil and Ninlil 2. careful, trustworthy - a) in gen.:
4R 12:9f. 1 LV na-'-du lilqeam lillikamma ana PN
kaspum linnadin let one trustworthy man
1. pious, attentive - a) in absolute use
and in apposition: na-'-du-um muStemiqum take (x silver, the price of PN's field) and
ana ill rabtim (Hammurapi) the pious, who come here, and the silver should be given
constantly prays to the great gods CH iv 64, to PN PBS 7 118:22, cf. (you said) x-al(?)-
also, wr. na-a-du VAB 4 176 i 17 (Nbk.); RN
ba(?)-am(?) na-'-dam uSabbalakkum [u]la tu%
Adbilam "I will send (the copper) with a
sar GN na-ah-du-um semi DN Hammurapi,
trustworthy .... ," but you did not send it
king of Babylon, the pious, who listens to
Sama§ JNES 7 268:32, also CH i 61; (Ham- YOS 2 39:13 (both OB letters); [n]a-'-[d]u
tenka tumassil la le'is you have let your
murapi) na-'-du-um la mupparkdm ana Ezida
CH iii 13, cf. na-a-dam la mupparki VAB 4 88
careful discernment become similar to that
of an incompetent person Lambert BWL 70:14
No. 9 i 5, na-'-dam ibid. 144 i 9 (Nbk.), see
(Thoodicy); uncert.: naptanam na-ah-da-am
also 4R 12:9f., in lex. section; namrusalbabu
raSubbu na-'-du K.8663:2, in Bezold Cat. 948;
liptattanu(opposite: suhham "fancy") ARM I
52:34.
PN tupSar Sarri ... kiribti iii u Sarri asru
na-'-du PN, the scribe of the king, blessed
b) in na'id qabli: tukulti mdtisu na-'-id
by god and king, the humble, the pious AOB
qabli u tadazi (Sennacherib) the trust of his
1 38 No. 2:3 (Alur-uballit I).
land, trustworthy in battle and fight OIP 2
b) in adjectival use - 1' referring to kings: 136: 21, 144:7 (Senn.); note as poetic epithet of
rubdm na-'-du-um CH iv 33, also i 30, and the horse: tardmima sisd na-'-id qabli you
passim; Nebuchadnezzar rub4 na-a-du BBSt. (Itar) loved the horse, trustworthy in battle
No. 6 i 1, BE 1 83 i 20, also rubd na-'-dam (var. Gilg. VI 53; (the ox) izzakar ana sisi na-'-id
na-a-dam) VAB 4 60 i 13, 66 i 7 (Nabopolassar), qabli Lambert BWL 177:24, 180:13.
ibid. 70 i 8, 86 i 2, 120 i 3, and passim in Nbk.;
rube na-a-du Weidner Tn. 26 No. 16 i 4, 29 na'du B (or na'idu, fer. na'ittu) adj.;
No. 17:6, AfO 18 349:5 (Tigl. I), KAH 1 24:3, praised, famous; OB, SB; cf. nadu.
KAH 2 83:3, 84:5 (Adad-nirari II), and passim in
Isum tabihu na-'-du (play on the name
the titulary of Ass. kings to Sin-sar-i5kun, wr.
IHum analyzed as i = n&du and Aum =
na-'-du Weidner Tn. 54 No. 60:4, and passim, and
tabihu) Cagni Erra I 4; ana Nand ... sekrati
of Babyl. kings, see Seux Epithetes p. 254f.; mu
na-'-it-ti Borger Esarh. 77 § 49:3; sarraku
Sarbi Sarrit RN ... re'i na-a-di (the gods)
belaku na-'-da-ku (var. na-a-da-ku) sirdku
who made great the kingdom of RN, the
I am king, I am lord, I am famous, I am
watchful shepherd AKA 30 i 19 (Tigl. I), of.
sublime AKA 265 i 32 (Asn.), also, wr. na-da-
Weidner Tn. 1 No. 1 i 3;iSippu na-'-du AKA
ku KAH 2 84:14 (Adn. II); akalgu ellam megu
32 i 31 (Tigl. I), also (with var. na-a-du)
na-ah-du-tim ZA 68 114:15 (OB royal).
AKA 182:35, 261 i 21, 384 iii 126 (all Asn.);
jdti RN x x x na-'-du OIP 2 50:16 (Senn.). Note also the use of the log. i beside
Nf.TUK "pious" in late personal names cited
2' referring to gods: (Marduk) ru(!)-bu-u
ndu mng. Ib.
na-'-du Craig ABRT 1 31 r. 3; Nusku sukkallu
na-'-du Streck Asb. 78 ix 86.
nadf (fem. naditu) adj.; 1. abandoned,
3' other occs.: the KA.GI.NA.DIB stone uninhabited, 2. uncultivated, fallow, 3. laid
aban kindti ... LtI na-'-du-ma GAR-A (li4s (foundation), placed, 4. spit-out, strewn,
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nadu nadf
scattered, 5. fallen, lax; OB, MB, SB; wr. the city is abandoned ibid. 96:23; ana lim
syll. (na-fu-te Tn. II and Asn.) and SUB; cf. na-di-im terrub you will enter an abandoned
nadu v. city YOS 10 41:44 (OB ext.); dlini na-du-te
ga ... ana tili itiru ... ana eSuite asbassunu
lu.sub.sub.ba=[ma]-aq-[tum], lu.gurud(NuN.
I rebuilt the abandoned cities which had
KI).da-= [na]-du-u, u16.ub.ba = na-du-u OB Lu A
106ff.; l.ub.ub.ub.ba = mu-uq-qui-tum, li. become ruin hills Iraq 14 34:78 (Asn.);
gurud.da = ma-aq-tum, li.sub.ba = na-du-i GN na-da-a ana eSuiti usepis I had the
OB Lu B iii 53ff.; lu.zahx(A.A) = ha-al-qu[m], abandoned GN built anew Lie Sar. 54:8; [ana
mu-na-ab-t[um], na-du-um OB Lu B vi 22ff.; u]ddusu mCahzu u edreti kal ildni na-du-tu
gis.se.ru.a gis.se.ru.a i.la = ziq-pu MIN (=
si-it-lu) na-du-tu Hh. III 199; a.gurud.da = i-du
to renew the abandoned cities and sanctuaries
na-du-u Proto-Izi II Bil. A iii 18'; [gi.i.ub.ba] = of all the gods YOS 1 38 i 31 (Sar.); mutahhid
[a-h]u na-d[u-u] Izi F 79; gu6.ub.ba = a-hu niMi apdti musesib till na-du-ti (Ningirsu) who
na-tu-u = (Hitt.) pal-ta-nu-us ku-e-da-ni a-wa-an makes the numerous people prosperous, who
kat-ta ki-ia-an-ta-ri whose arms are laid down
resettles the abandoned ruins Or. NS 36 116:32
Izi Bogh. A 107; [...] BAD = MIN (= kan-nu)
na-du-u Hh. XIX 312, cf. [...] GA // kan-nu (SB hymn to Gula); sa Marduk ... tili na-
na-du-tu A VIII/1 Comm. 19. du-ti egreti ill iSkunu qgtussu into whose
[ki].tus.a.zu 6.sub.ba a.ri.a : Jubatka bitu hands Marduk had given (for rebuilding) the
na-du-u harbu your (appropriate) dwelling is an abandoned ruins, the sanctuaries of the gods
abandoned, deserted house CT 16 29:98f.;
e.sub.se akkil ga.an.ku4 : ana biti na-di-i VAB 4 274 iii 8 (Nbn.); dldni SUB.MES ana till
iterub ikkillu (see ikkillu lex. section) Lambert iggappaku (DUB.MES) abandoned cities will
BWL 241 ii 50ff.; uh inim.dug 4 .ga.kam be heaped up as ruins ACh Supp. Sin 33:52.
a.ginx(GiM) h4.em.ta.bal.e h.dug4 .ga h.a.
de.a ba.da.an.Isr a.ga.se h6.en.si.in.gi 4 .
gi 4 : ru'tu na-di-tum i lkima me littabik kilspu §a
c) countries, regions: mdtu VB-tum usbab
ina ru'ti na-di-ti bullulu ana arkati litiru may this an abandoned country will be settled again
spit-out spittle be poured out like (used) water, Leichty Izbu II 56, also, wr. SUB-di-tum CT 31
may the magic which was mixed into (this) spit-out 19:16 (SB ext.); sarru mdssu sUB-ta ugegSib
spittle turn back CT 17 32:14ff.
the king will settle his abandoned country
LUGAL KUR UB-ta DOR-ib // arru rmta na-di-tum
usedgib the king will resettle an abandoned country again Boissier DA 18 iii 23, coll. Boissier Choix
TCL 6 17:31f. (astrol. comm.). 203, cf. LUGAL ersessu na-di-ta ue[ggib]
YOS 10 63:7 (OB ext.), see also TCL 6 17:32, in
1. abandoned, uninhabited - a) houses: lex. section; dadmena-du-u-ti ... ana euiite
see CT 16, Lambert BWL 241, in lex. section; aksirma I repaired anew the abandoned
summa kulbabe ina biti na-di-i ittabS if ants dwellings Rost Tigl. III p. 4:19; didni na-
appear in an abandoned house KAR 377 r. 19, tu-te a ina abbeja ana tili ituri ana egiite
of. (a swallow) CT 41 2 K.6765+ r. 7; summa asbassunu nige ma'dicte ina libbi uasbit the
UR.ME ina bit ameli na-di-i imidu GAL.MES abandoned cities, which under my forefathers
if there are many moths in an abandoned had become ruin tells, I resettled and settled
house BRM 4 21:10; summa isdtu ina bit iii many people there Iraq 14 34:78, cf. (the
SUB innamir if fire appears in an abandoned people who had fled from my attack returned
temple CT 40 46 r. 49 (all SB Alu); eper biti and submitted) aldnigunu bitdtisunu na-tu-te
SUB-i dust from an abandoned house (for ugasbissunu AKA 298 ii 10, also, wr. na-tu-te
magical purposes) Kocher BAM 323:3. AKA 240 r. 46 (all Asn.), wr. na-tu-te Scheil Tn. II
24; <ta> ana iSugub name na-du-te(var. -ti) ...
b) cities: URU.ME S UB.ME ussabu iSkunu uzungu (Sargon) who was intent on re-
abandoned cities will be settled (again) settling abandoned rural areas Lyon Sar. 6:34,
JCS 18 13 ii 4' (SB prophecies); dldni Ba ittija also ibid. 14:38; ,ubat name na-du-u-ti (var.
lu agbitu lu na-du-tu the cities that are with sUB-ti) ina amat DN wuSabu abandoned rural
me, the inhabited ones as well as the aban- areas will be settled at the command of Enlil
doned ones BE 17 24:17 (MB); dlu na-du- ,4i (citation from earthquake omens) ABL 1080: 8,
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nadfi nadfi
also RA 34 2:4 (earthquake omens from Nuzi); 4. spit-out, strewn, scattered: see ru'tu
eper hurbati SUB-ti dust from uncultivated naditu CT 17, in lex. section: if dogs and pigs
waste places AMT 97,4:23; ana etemmi harbi ina LA SUB.MES imdahhasu fight among
na-du-ti tapqidainni you (pl.) have handed strewn sherds CT 38 50:45 (SB Alu).
me over to a specter from uninhabited waste
places Maqlu IV 22; ina harbi na-du-ti teqeb: 5. fallen, lax - a) referring to persons
birsu you bury it (the pot) in an uninhabited, (probably to a physical infirmity): see OB Lu,
deserted place
in lex. section; summa ina dli na-du-u MIN
Kocher BAM 323:38; ina
gerbetiSu na-di-ti ... rigim aldla tdba uSalsa
(= ma-'-du) (followed by nadatu, see
naditu A) CT 38 5:117 (SB Alu), dupl. CT 51
niSeSu (see aldla usage b) TCL 3 207 (Sar.);
146 r. 13.
summa ina erseti SUB-ti ... burn ... ippete
if a well is opened in an abandoned territory b) other occs.: kakkii SB.MES ZI.MES
CT 39 21:168; [summa dlu ina] x-hi na-di-i (also cited maqtu mng. la) Leichty Izbu V 1;
akin if a city lies in an abandoned [...] uncert.: the kudimeru plant u z v UB-te is
CT 38 2:25 (both SB Alu); titurrana-di-t4 ettiq an herb for falling-out teeth Kocher BAM 1 i
he will cross an abandoned bridge Kiichler 8f., dupl. CT 14 23 K.259:8-10.
Beitr. pl. 18 iii 20 (coll. F. W. Geers).
For ABL 912:6 and TCL 9 50:21 see nadr v.
mngs. lc-2' and 2a-7'. For CT 38 18: 117 see tamtftu.
d) canals: ndru na-di-tum ihherrima [... ]
a disused canal will be redug Leichty Izbu XII nadu A s.; commemorative inscription;
32, also, wr. SUB-tum ibid. II 53'ff., also KAR lex.*; Sum. lw.
465:4 and dupl. 417:4 (SB ext.); sarrundraSUB-
na 4 .na.[ddi.a] = [na-du-u] Hh. XVI 299, cf.
ta iherri the king will have a disused canal na 4 .na.dd.a = na-du RS Recension 243; na 4 .na.
(re)dug CT 20 49 r. 40 (SB ext.); eper ndri dd.a = na-du-u(var. -z) = na-a-du a ti-di (var. na-'-
SUB-ti dust from a disused canal Kocher BAM a-du d IM) Hg. B IV 131 and dupls., in MSL 10 34.
323:4; [... ] atappu na-di-tu sa itu GN [... ] §d
na-du-u = na-du IM MSL 10 70:45 (= Uruanna
III 188c).
a disused canal which [...] from GN
MAOG 3/1 8:12 (inscr. from 12th century Assyria). Alternative rendering of Sum. na.ri .a,
see nard A s.
2. uncultivated, fallow: x SAR ... qgaq
qarum na-du-4 BIN 7 170:1; na-da-ti-su-nu nadu B s.; (a headdress or part of it); syn.
ul i-sa-ap-[pa-nu] they must not plant their list.*
(the exempted persons') fallow (fields) VAS 7 na-ap-sa-mu,na-pid-tum, na-du-(var.-u), a-du-u,
67:16 (both OB); tdmirdti na-da-ti lusbatma a-ru-u = ku-lu-lu An VII 219-223, var. from
lussih I will put the abandoned meadows Malku VI 135-139.
under cultivation and reassign (them)
PBS 1/2 63:18, also ibid. 20 (MB); gumma sabitu nadu (nada'u) v.; 1. to throw into water
ina eqel seri (text A.EDIN, var. A.GAR) na-di-i or fire, a pit, etc., to cast down, throw out
igten ulid if a gazelle gives birth to one off- a corpse, to spit out, to swoop down, to
spring in an uncultivated field in the steppe throw away (p. 71), to pour, to scatter,
(var. commons) Izbu Comm. 563, also CT 40 43 sprinkle, to let water flow, to steep in a
K.2259+ r. 2, cf., wr. SUB.BA-i Labat Suse 11 liquid, to pickle, to brew beer, to irrigate a
vi 11. field (p. 74), to take off, discard a garment,
to abandon, leave a house, a city, a country,
3. laid, placed: summa ina usse na-du-ti etc., to leave a field fallow, to abandon a
siri iktappilu if snakes entwine themselves task, to disregard an order, a rite, etc., to
in a foundation (just) laid CT 38 10:27, also stop working, to reject, to abandon someone,
28ff.; elippu da 3 KTS ina muhhi Ad-bur-ru to repudiate an obligation, etc., to put ani-
[rapu] u zi-ri na-du-4 kutt[umu] (see ziru s.) mals out to pasture (p. 76), to drop an object
CT 4 44a: 2 (NB); see also maSkanu lex section. accidentally, to lose a part of the body, to
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have a miscarriage (p. 79), to knock down a to be made to drop, to become abandoned
wall, a door, to overthrow a rule (p. 79), to (p. 98), 10. III/3 to become completely
cast a net (p. 80), to launch a boat (p. 80), ruined (p. 98), 11. nand to be thrown into
2. to place a piece of furniture, a container, water or fire, to be thrown down, to be made
etc., to erect a reed hut, to set out objects for into a ruin, to become a ruin, to be left
exhibit, a sacrifice, etc., to put something fallow, uncared for (said of fields, orchards),
into a container, to put on clothing, to place to be neglected, slighted (said of a person, a
a stone in a mounting, to insert, to fasten task, etc.), to be put out to pasture (said of
a lock, to affix a clay tag, to put on jewelry, sheep), to be loaded on a boat, to be laid
etc., to load (an animal, a wagon, a boat), (said of bricks, a wall, etc.), to be founded
to apply medication (p. 80), to lay the foun- (said of a city, etc.), to be placed, to be laid
dations of a building, to erect a house, a up, to be deposited, to be thrown into prison,
temple, a stela, etc., to build a fortress, a to be drawn, depicted, to be assigned (said
town, a nest, etc., to pitch camp, to establish a of workers), to be used, to be inflicted (said
garden, a threshing floor (p. 82), to place in of a calamity), to become dejected(?) (passive
storage, to deposit in an account, to use gold to mngs. 1 and 2) (p. 98); from OAkk. on;
or silver for an object (p. 84), to put in fetters, I iddi - inaddi - nadi, 1/2, 1/3, III, III/2,
to put a person in prison, an animal in a III/3, IV, IV/2, IV/3; wr. syll. and SUB
cage (p. 86), to write, to put down in writing, (AL.UB CT 39 3:11, 15, IN.SUB CT 40 45
to make a drawing, to impress a seal (p. 87), K.3969:5), NA? (Labat TDP 200:5); cf. mans
to paint, to smear, to color (p. 87), to line a ditu, mandi A, mudaddu, nadinu, naditu
container, to overlay (p. 87), to assign, con- A and B, nadi adj., niditu, nidu A, niddtu,
sign, to plan (p. 87), to sentence a person nuddiatu, nudu'u, ,addu'atu, tadditu.
(p. 88), to accuse, to charge with a crime
(p. 88), to inflict a disease, a calamity, etc. sub = na-du-u (in group with maqdtu and
nasaku) Antagal C 73; Au-ub§UB = na-du-4 CT 51
(p. 88), to place in an inclined position, to 168 vi 44; [su-ub] [Rn] = [na]-du-u A VI/4:138;
tilt (p. 89), 3. to excrete, discharge saliva, tus.en.e.nu.ru = dip-tu ana GIG §UB-u (var.
mucus, tears, blood, feces, semen, vomit, [.i-i]p-tum a-na mar-sa na-du-u) Erimhus VI 27.
sweat, to produce a feature or formation on gd.sub.ba, [gd.sub.ba.a]k.a, IM.sub.ba,
=- a-hu na-du-u to be negligent
the exta, in oil used for divination, etc. IM.sub.ba.ak.a
Nabnitu E 72ff.; [gu. ub.ba] = [a-h]u na-d[u-u]
(p. 89), 4. to become downcast, dejected, Izi F 79; gu6.iub.ba = a-hu na-tu-u = (Hitt.)
to collapse, to hang down (p. 90), 5. (in the pal-ta-nu-us ku-e-da-ni a-wa-an kat-ta ki-ia-an-
stative) to lie, to be situated (said of a lo- ta-ri Izi Bogh. A 107; [gu].zu na.an.sub.ba =
cality, a part of or mark on the body or exta), ah-ka la rta-nam-dil do not be careless (with respect
to the scribal art) 5R 16 i 5 (group voc.); [KAx BAD.
to lie in bed (p. 91), 6. in idiomatic phrases sub.ba] = im-du na-du-[u] to spit venom (followed
(arranged alphabetically according to the by im-du napadu, im-du saratu) Kagal D Section
object) (p. 92), 7. suddu to have someone 10:10; [KAXBAD.su]b.ba = ru-u-tum na-d[u-u]
throw objects into water or fire, to cause ibid. 3.
gu-ru-ud L(.KI = na-du-u, MIN NUN-tenii.KI =
someone to drop an object, to let a field go na-du- uDiri VI E 35f.; [gu-ru-ud] L1X KI = na-
fallow, to make someone leave a house, an d[u-u] A VII/2:54; gu-ru-da NUN.KI = na-du-u-um
estate, to cause a country to be in ruins, to UET 6 379:6; [gu]-ru-ud NUN.KI = na(!)-du-u
turn a city, a temple into uninhabited ruins, Ea V Excerpt 17'; gu-ru-ud NUN.KI = [na-du-u]
to make someone drop, abandon a task, a Ea V 145; NUN.KIku-ru-daDA = [na]-du-u Antagal
A 95.
wish, a plan, etc., to cause a woman to have ku-i KU = na-du--.um MSL 2 150:1 (Proto-Ea),
a miscarriage, to have someone make a [ku-d] [Ku] - na-du-u ibid. 127 i 28; ku KU = na-
payment, a deposit (causative to mngs. 1 du--um MSL 14 131 No. 11 i 6 (Proto-Aa); ku-u
and 2) (p. 96), 8. Juddid to repudiate, to KU = na-du-u Sb I 155; ku-u K -= na-du-u Ea I
132; [ku-u] [KU] = na-du.u A I/2 colophon;
reject, to repel (an attack), to pardon kU-UKU = [MIN (= [na]-du-u) §a ... ] Antagal A
negligence, to deprive (p. 97), 9. III/2 97.
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[s]i-i suM = na-du-[u SaSip-ti] Idu II 88; alpi [ina ru]ibti§u na-di-ma like an ox he lies in
[si-i] [svu] = [na-d]u-u 1d rfipl-te S' Voo. S 8'; his own dung 4R 22 No. 2:16f.; ki.sikil.la.ta
isuM - [MIN (= na-du-) Sd i-ip-ti] Antagal A 98; a.ra.an.sub : ina adri elli ad-di-ka I have placed
KAX BAD.sum.mu - i[m-tum na-du-u] Kagal D
Section 9:12.
du GAB = na-du-u 4 xI.uD to leave fallow, said
Az
you in a sacred locality 4R 23 No. 3:13f.; u s sila 4
in. sub mai in. ub : lahri puhadu id-di-ma
enzu lalalu id-di (see lala B lex. section) SBH
of an empty lot A VIII/1 : 144, with comm. na-du-u p. 131 No. I 56f.; ama.gan.zi.da dumu.ni
6d K[I.UD //] na-du-u Id mna-kdt-tum [... ] A VIII/1 mu.un.sub : ummu alittu mdradu i[d]-di the
Comm. 13; GAB = na-d[u-u] CT 19 6 K.5973:15 mother, at birth, abandoned her child ibid. 58f.;
(text similar to Idu); kas gakkul(u+DIM) dumu.ni i.bi.ni mu.un.sub.ba.ta : DUMu-d
a.ab.du = Ii-ka-ra i-na na-di beer that has formed ana pa-ni-6did-du-i OECT 6 pl. 28 K.5255(!) r. 3f.;
bubble(s) Nabnitu I 186; tug.k6s.da.du.a = dam bi.ib.tak 4 ki.kdr.ra bi.in.sub dumu
6d ina tap-pi6-ti na-du-u Hh. XIX 189; im. bi.fb.tak 4 nim.nim.ma bi.in.sub : a66ata
qaA.eS ta-na-an-di ZA 9 164 iv 18; [ma-a] u6ezibma alar6animma id-di mara uezibma ina la-
[GA] = na-du-u A IV/4:61; [guh.g]A.gA ri-ig- i-ra-[ni]m id-di he abandoned (his) wife, left (her)
mu-um na-du-u Kagal D Section 7:10; [du-ui] in a foreign country, he abandoned (his) son,
[KA] = na-du-u a A.ME§ to sprinkle, said of water left (him) in the puddles SBH p. 70 No. 39:5ff.;
A III/2:137; [du]g 4 .ga = [MIN (= [na]-du-u) fa tumuen.ab.ba.kex(KID) ab.lal in.sub.ba
ru'ti] to spit Antagal A 96.
gi.gur.sa.pes.gi 4 .a =i ak-ba na-[du-u] (panu
summata apti §a apti6ina id-da-a-ma (see aptu lex.
section) SBH p. 102 No. 54:23f., cf. bi.in.sub.
container) which is lined inside Hh. IX 40, cf. ba.a : id-da-a-ma ibid. 26f.; mu.lu.bi em.mar.
(with pisannu) ibid. 69; gi.pisan.sa.gub.ba = ra.bi in. ub.ba.a : niiu ina maltakilina
6d A-bi na-du-u ibid. 66; gi.pisan.sa.ra.ah = §aknata id-da-ma (see maltaku lex. section) ibid.
d XA-bi na-du-u ibid. 67, cf. (with panu container) 28f.; is a.gub.ba.se u.me.ni.sub : ana libbi
ibid. 38, also (Sum. equivalent broken) ibid.69-69a, agubb i-di-ma (var. id-di-ma) (see egubbu mng. 1)
see MSL 9 181; gi.kid is.ra.ah = Sd ana BA-bi CT 17 39:51f., cf. sila.dagal.la.is u.me.ni.
na-du-u (var. d §A-bi na-da-tu) Hh. VIII 330, sub : ina ribiti i-di-ma ibid. 26:75, also CT 16
gi.kid.ls.pei.gi 4 .a, gi.kid.sa.min.la =- d 45:147f.; pui.5ub.ba : bur-tum na-di (var. na-
ana A-bi na-du-u (var. 6d A4-bi na-da-at) ibid. a-di) Hh. II If.; what comes out of the well
331f., see MSL 9 179. til ni.hus.a.ta he.ni.ib.sub.bu.ne : ana
gis.ka.kara.zu.am.si.dun.dun = 6d 6in-ni 6uttati lid-du-6d let them throw into a pit CT 17
pi-ri i-ta-ad-d[u-u] which is overlaid with ivory 36:91f. and dupls. CT 14 13 BM 91010:3f., ZA 30
Hh. IV 207, cf. (said of a kilzappu) ibid. 145; 189:21f., etc.; na.am.gig.ga he.en.sub : ana
ku. k [u] = [i]-ta-ad-du- Studies Landsberger 34:25 marugti lu na-di-ma OECT 6 pl. 10 Sm. 306: 8f.;
(RS Silbenvokabular A). sig4 nu.sub : libitti ul na-da-at no brick had been
bi-id KV -= na-du-u-um MSL 2 151:28 (Proto- laid CT 13 35:3; engur.ra ki.sub.ba : ap-su(!)
Ea); [ri-i] [RI] = na-du-u A 11/7:18; diR = na-du-u a-ar na-di-i BRM 4 9:20f.; si.kur.e sub.ba.a
Antagal G 193; [de-e] [D]I = [na-d]u-u MIN (= : 6a lagd na-da-a (see laga'u lex. section) OECT 6
EME.SAL) A IV/2:76; [ri-i(?)] [RU] = na-du-u pl. 19:llf.; me du 0 .zu ba.ab.sub.b[e] : i-na-
A VI/4:170, [...] [RU] = [na-d]u-u ibid. 173; di luta eli birkl[ka] (see lu'tu lex. section) KAR 333
bu-ur BfT = na-du-u A VIII/2:192; uh.KAxLItu. r. 6f.
ginx(GIM) = ki-ma na-di MIN (= ru-'-ti) like one ki za.pa.ag sum.mu : afar ri-gim (var. rig-
who spits Izi J ii 16; [ri]-ig PA.HtiB(!).DU = na- mu) na-du-u where the call is uttered CT 16 24 i 29f.;
du-u 6a si-ri, na-du-u a 6u-ub-tim Diri V 57f.; a nam.sub ka.zu ba.an.sum.mu : mg sip-ti
[di-ri] [SI.A] _ [na]-du-u s rig-mi Diri I 32; [e] ana pika id-di he has put the incantation water
[DUL0.DU] = na-du-u da[E.(x)] Diri I 218; [si-ig] into your mouth 4R 25 iv 14f., cf. CT 17 21:86f.;
[si] = na-du-u 6d kar-rum A 111/4:218; LA = tu,.tug abzu.ta u.me.ni.sum : §i-pat apsi
na-du-[um] MSL 14 92 74:1 (Proto-Aa); 16 i-di-ma recite the conjuration of the Apsu AMT
s.1a.1& = a ka-ar-la na-du-u with hanging belly 11,1:24f.; tu,.tu6.dug.ga.zu u.me.ni.s[um]
OB Lu B vi 6, restored from UM 29-13-721; TAB = : 6i-pat-ka (a-ab-ti i-di-[ma] AfO 23 44:12f., cf.
Ina-dul-k MSL 9 133:468 (Proto-Aa). nam.sub Eriduki.ga u.me.ni.sum : 6i-pat
uri.zu Nibruki na.an.sub.b6.en : u-u-ka Eridu i-di-ma CT 17 15:23 and 39:57f., also
Nippuru la ta-nam-di do not neglect your city CT 16 21:204f.; nam.sub Eriduki.ga rsuml.
Nippur 4R 18 No. 2:63, see Weissbach Misc. p. 37, mu.da.mu.d (var. sum.me.db) : i-pat Eridu
and dupls., see Iraq 32 61:31, cf. nam.mu.un. ina na-di-e-a CT 16 5:193, also nam.sub na.ri.
Sub.be.en : la ta-na-da-an-ni do not abandon me ga bi.in.sum : 6ip-tu elletu ina na-di-e-a ibid.
BA 10/1 77 No. 4 r. 33f., cf. Langdon BL No. 22:302f., also 1:6; DN nam.sub ba.an.sum
192:1ff.; a im.ri.a mu.un.sub : ina m6 rus : DN 6ip-ta id-di Falkenstein Haupttypen 98 r. 32
umti na-di he lies in a wet swamp 4R 10 r. 37f.; (=-CT43); Bau tu, nam.ti.la sub.ba : Bau
gu 4 .ginx kar.mud.da.[na] e.da.sub : kima na-da-at6i-pat balati KAR 41:5f., see JRAS 1927
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7f., and see diptu; id.da.ge ba.an.sum.mu : gu 4 .du 7 . du 7 .ginx t.Str.NUN.KU.TU Ba.ma.
ana nari i-na-ad-du-u they throw her into the [Aub]) : kZma alpi muttakpi umm ni lit-[ta-ad-
river Ai. VII iv 7. du-u] (see muttakpu lex. section) Angim IV 6;
sag.gig mul.an.ginx an.edin.na gurud ki.sikil ... bad.dr.ta ba.bub : ardatu ... ina
(NUN.KI).da : muru qaqqadi kZma kakkab Samdmi let du~ri it-tan-di (see letu lex. section) ASKT p.
ina qeri na-di-ma like a star the headache has been 120:13f.; pa5.ra.mu pa 5 .ra ba.gub : 9a palgi
thrown down in the plain CT 17 14:if., cf.
an.edin.na [gur].ru.da : Ja ina seri na-da-[tu]
Falkenstein Haupttypen 96:23 (= CT 4 3); note:
ina palgi it-ta-an-[du] SBH p.111 No. 57 r. 2;
tu 6 .tu nam.ti.la.zu h6.en.iub.ba :
balati li-in-na-di-ka BA 10/1 81 No. 7:11f., see
§i-pat
hu.ru.u s .bi tur.tur.lA gu.ru.us.se (for ZA 28 106; nam.Aub ba.an.sum : asip-ti in-
guruda or gurun) dub.dub.b4 : sihru u rabd nam-du-u BIN 2 22:188, see AAA 22 92.
i-na-an-di // ana gurunni iSappak MVAG 18/2 gurud.da kin.e6 na.an.ak.e (later version:
49:5f. and SBH 116 No. 62 i 5f. and dupls.; na.an.ak.a.en) : na-an-di-maanadipri i tennepul
difficult: ti.mu al.gurud.da : ana el[ija] ta- he thrown down and used for work Lugale XI 23;
nam-d[a-as-Ju] Lambert BWL 244 iv 13 (proverb). NA4 .Kt.KAN.ge nA.a : ana lul9 na-an-di (see
su.biir.ra ba.na : ina ruSumti na-di he lies lul B lex. section) Lugale XII 38; [...] ba.ku.
in the swamp CT 17 31:21f.; sa in.ga.nA.e : Setu ku.us : it-tan-du-u SBH p. 66 No. 36:24; id.bi
ta-ad-di-ma you have thrown the net (and caught ... ra.su.ga.bi ba.du : narlu ... meranu it-
the birds) SBH p. 130 No. I 22f., see issiiru lex. ta-an-di its canal is left empty SBH p. 114 No.
section. 60:9f., cf. [...].x.za.re.es mu.un.du : ma-ga-
id Idigna (later version: [id.Idig]na.Ae) ra-ni-il i-ta-na-[di] KAR 369:3f., also gal.gal.e
VIII 29; sa bi.ib.si.si.ga : Mtu

im.ma.an.til : [ana Id]iglat it-ta-di Lugale
ta-ad-di-ma
you have thrown the net SBH p. 130 No. I 16f.;
zu.re.eA (var. za.re.es) mu.un.du.du : §a
rabbiti magranil it-ta-nam-du- PBS 1/2 128 iv 7
(coll.), var. from CT 17 36 K.9272:16 + 82-5-22,547
ki.ta kar.ra bi.in.sig.ga (var. bi.in.si.x.[x]) (unpub.), cf. zur.re.e[§ mu.un.dug].dug(!) :
: Japlis kar-ra id-du-u (see karru B lex. section) magrani at-ta-ad-di (see magranu lex. section)
CT 16 12:10f., var. from UET 6 392:16; gud.ginx SBH p. 108 r. 27f.
1§.BU.NU[N].KU.TU bi.in.la : alpa Summanam [na-dul-u = ka-ra-rum An IX 73; na-du-u =
id-di he tied the leading-rope on the bull Lambert ma-qa-tum Malku VI 222; e-re-lum = na-du-u
BWL 257 vi 7; mu.un.si.in.gal.la.na : (ipta) ibid. 221.
ina na-di-e-a (followed by mu.un.si.in.sum. [§UB] = na-du-u, §UB = ma-qa-tu Izbu Comm.
ma.ta : ina na-di-e-a line 6f.) CT 16 1:4f.; 55f.; §UB // na-d[u-u] Tablet Funck 2:1 (Comm.
[...] ga..ga.ga.e : [...]-bi it-ta-nam-di LKU 15 to Alu XXII), in AfO 21 pl. 9, also [§UB] // na-du-u I
r. 5f.; uh 4 i.ni.in.d6 : ru'tam id-di-ma she spat §uB // e-ze-bi Lambert BWL 76 comm. to line 79; §a
PBS 1/2 122:13f., of. uh 4 ka9.e de.a : [ana] id-dan-ni // uB [// na-du-u] ibid. 88 comm. to
ru-'-tim§i-ka-rum id-di-ma ibid. 17f.; u.me.ni. line 295, cf. also vuB // na-d[u-u] ibid. 84 comm. to
GAB : i-di-ma BIN 2 22:109; ki gestin bala lines 225-34 (Theodicy Comm.); gUB // na-[du-u]
: aAar likari na-di-e SBH p. 92a No. 50a:29f.; RA 28 134 ii 13 (comm.); vB I/ ta-na-di Ebeling
[nam.sub abzu] ... im.ma.an.sa 4 : Sipat apsi Wagenpferde 37 Ko 18; kumma marqu GIM UB-i //
id-[du-u] CT 16 47:200f.; [6.gal dug 4 .ga.a.n]i ki-ma i-na-du-fil AfO 24 83:15 (comm. to Labat
an.na.ginx nu.gam.da : ekallu qiblssa kima TDP Tablet XXIII).
qi[bit Anim] ul na-da-at the command of the
palace is like that of Anu, it may not be set aside 1. to throw into water or fire, a pit, etc.,
Lambert BWL 233: f.; ka uh.hul.gal dug 4 . to cast down, throw out a corpse, to spit
ga.kex : ru'tu sa ina pi lemniS na-da-at magic out, to swoop down, to throw away, to pour,
(spittle) that was spit with evil intentions ASKT
to scatter, sprinkle, to let water flow, to steep
p. 86-87:60; for other lexical and bil. refs. see
mng. la-2'a' (CT 17 19:21f. and Hh. II If.), la-3' in a liquid, to pickle, to brew beer, to irrigate
(ASKT p. 86-87 ii 13), mng. 2a-7' (Lu II i 5, a field, to take off, discard a garment, to
Lu Excerpt 1165), mng. 2j (Lambert BWL 119:9f.), abandon, leave a house, a city, a country,
mng. 21 (A 11/3 Section D ii 13, Ea II 100), and etc., to leave a field fallow, to abandon a
mng. 6 (iSdtu, qilu, and rigmu).
ka ug[a].ta mi.ni.ib.ta.gub : ina pi aribi
task, to disregard an order, a rite, etc., to
i- ad-di (see aribu lex. section) Ai. III iii 36f.; stop working, to reject, to abandon someone,
um.me.da.na.a ga.sub(KAxGA) ib.ta.an.tub to repudiate an obligation, etc., to put animals
: ndku uiinuqu u-Sa-ad-da (see enequ lex. section) out to pasture, to drop an object accidentally,
Lambert BWL 241 ii 44; galga sub.ba.bi :
to lose a part of the body, to have a miscar-
miliklu u-ad-du- OECT 6 pi. 4 K.4948: If.
The heroes whom I took prisoner am.du7 .du. riage, to knock down a wall, a door, to over-
ginx st.NUN.KU.TU hd.me.Aub (later version: throw a rule, to cast a net, to launch a boat
71
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nad 1 nadfi 1
- a) to throw an object into water or fire, SUB-di-ma (see bursimtu) KAR 134:15, see TuL
at someone, to throw a person or an animal p. 98, cf. ina Sapldn .li at-ta-di liqti Maqlu III
into water or fire, from a tower, into a pit, 23, see AfO 21 74; referring to magic figurines:
to cast down a corpse, to throw out a corpse, salmu udtu ana ndri guB-ma KAR 64 r. 20,
to spit out, to spit at, to swoop down (said LKA 123 r. 14, PBS 1/1 13:25, Or. NS 36 15 r. 11,
of a bird), to throw away - 1' to throw an 39 148:17, etc.; salm annidti takassizunutima
object into water or fire, at someone - gizilld ina isdt kibriti taqadma ana libbi
a' referring to kudurrus and inscriptions: hulupaqqi SUrB.VUB-di you tie these figurines
Sa nara annd ... ana nari i-nam-du- <ui> he together, light a torch with burning sulphur,
who throws this stela into the river BBSt. and throw them all onto the brazier AfO 18
No. 9 v 1, of. No. 7 ii 10, No. 8 Add. p. 48:3, 297:9; bi-il rittakunuma ana ikdti lu-ud-di
1R 70 iii 1, wr. SUB-u VAS 1 36 iv 22, 37 v 28, bring your hands (sorcerers), that I may
also sa ... kudurra ... ana nari i-na-du-u throw them into the fire Maqlu III 191;
VAS 1 58 ii 2, Sa tuppa anna ... ana me referring to foodstuffs, etc.: loaves of hassu
i-nam-du-z BBSt. No. 2:22, lu ana ndri i-na- bread and NINDA.i.Di.A ana ndri SUB-di
[ad-du-u] lu ana hiriti i-na-[ad-du-4] MDP 6 AMT 88,2:15, cf. LKA 70 i 23 and dupl., see
p. 45 v 14f., ana me u i9Sti i-nam-du-u MDP 6 Farber Istar und Dumuzi 129, similar KAR 61:12,
pl. 10 iv 32, MDP 10 pl. 11 iii 26, lu ana me lu K.6883:4, etc.; referring to leftovers, sweep-
ana i.Sti SUB-i BBSt. No. 4 iii 3, cf. MDP 2 ings, etc.: rihtu ana nari SUB-di KAR 25 iii 20;
113 ii 16, also, wr. it-ta-di MDP 2 pl. 22 v 51; kuurdt ekalli u hupe DUG.SILA.GAZ.ME ana
ana me i-nam-du- ina idti iqall BE 1/2 ndri SUB-di LKA 108:10, cf. kusipdt akali a
149 ii 11, of. Hinke Kudurru v 1, lu ina i9Sti ina sigi na-da-a Gilg. XII 154; ina abri gUB-di
i-na-[ad-du-4] MDP 6 p. 45 v 12; a ... you throw (torches) upon a (burning) pyre
temennija u nareja ... ana me i-na-ad-du-u KAR 26 r. 22 and dupls., cf. ana libbi turru
AOB 1 24 v 21 (Samsi-Adad I), of. ibid. 64:41 SUB.ME§ RAco. 133:216.
(Adn. I), AKA 106 viii 65 (Tigl. I), 166 r. 16 and
249 v 60 (Asn.), ina me i-nam-du-u Borger c' other occs.: nagme it-ta-di ina libbi
Esarh. 99 r. 55, note ina me la S~B-di (tanaddi) isdti he threw soot(?) into the fire (to produce
Unger Bel-harran-beli-ussur 25; tuppam ana me dense smoke) STT 38:131, see Gurney, AnSt
ad-di I threw the tablet into water TLB 4 6 156 (Poor Man of Nippur); diru u alhu ...
21:30 (OB let.); (you swear that) ina me ta- assuhma ana Arahti ad-di I tore down the
na-da-a-ni you will (not) throw (this tablet) (main) wall and the outer wall and threw
into the water Wiseman Treaties 411. (them) into the Arahtu canal OIP 2 84:52
(Senn.), of. Borger Esarh. p. 48 Ep. 5:70.
b' in rit. contexts: alluttu burdsi ana d' to throw something at someone: idluh
qereb tdmti ad-di-ma I threw a golden crab imitti alima ana panida id-di he (GilgameS)
into the sea OIP 2 75:80 (Senn.); garakku tore out the shoulder of the bull and threw
adi tikmenni~u inaSi ana nari SUB-di he (it) in front of her (IStar) Gilg. VI 162; [sdr]at
takes the altar with its ashes and throws pitiu tanassahma ... ana muhhi usukki ...
(them) into the river BRM 4 6:30, cf. ibid. 32 SUB-di you tear off its (the sheep's) forelock
and 37, cf. urigalli ... ana me UB-ma and throw it on an unclean person BMS 12:98;
AMT 7,8 r. 6; kininu ana nari STB-di-ma tidda iktaris it-ta-di ina seri she pinched off
AMT 23,9:5, makurru ... ana nari SvB-di some clay and threw (it) on the ground
UET 6 410:16, see Iraq 22 222, etc., riksa ipattar Gilg. I ii 34, cf. at-ta-di- u ina apliki I threw
ana nari i-na-an-di KUB 4 17:10; kirbana it at your feet ibid. v 37 and vi 13.
ana me TUTB-i4 urpu III 31, cf. also Maqlu IV
44, and see kirbdnu mng. le-l'b'; note 2' to throw a person or an animal into
[ana i]a-ar-higuB-di BBR 62 r. 8; fingernails water or fire, from a tower, into a pit, etc.
lu ana birti lu ana ndri lu ana bursimdi dalti - a' human beings: ukannuima (var.
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ikassidima) ana me-e i-na-ad-du-4-ui they wittingly they have thrown that dormouse
will convict (var. bind) her and throw her into the canal or the street AMT 90,1 ii 12;
into the water CH § 108:25, also § 133b:26, izba itti sldusu u gqitiSu ana ndri SuB-ma
§ 143:12, § 155: 1, cf. ikassiAunitima ana me-e you throw the malformed animal into a canal
i-na-ad-du-I-u-nu-ti § 129:49, cf. also (in together with provisions and farewell gifts
private contracts) Genouillac Kich 1 B 17:17, for it Or. NS 34 127 r. 15; alpa teleqqe ana me
Meissner BAP 89:38, 90:16, TLB 1 229:10, CT 48 ta-nam-di KAR 70:25; 30 pir ina gubti ad-di
51:20 (all OB), cf. gugal nari ikassima ana me I caught (lit. threw) thirty elephants in pits
i-nam-du-u ND 5502 iv 7' (SB aluzinnu text, Iraq 14 34:91 (Asn.), cf., wr. a-di WO 1 472:44
courtesy D. J. Wiseman); note iStu dimtim (Shalm. III), KAH 2 84:126 (Adn. II); all the
i-na-du-ni-si-na-ti (see dimtu mng. la-l') wild animals of Sumuqan and the winged
CT 2 44:11, CT 6 26a: 12 (both OB); DN adi 40 birds of the sky em ni-sik GI.MES-ia at-ta-ad-
mareSu TA uri §UB.ME-ni when they threw di (see nisku B) AKA 87 vi 84 (Tigl. I), see
Kingu and his forty sons from the roof Borger Einleitung 129; buqunsuma i-di-di (var.
LKA 73:3, see TuL p. 38; id-dan-ni (var. id- id-di) ana Suttati pluck him (the eagle) and
danaf-ni) ana ndri she put me in the river throw him into a pit Bab. 12 pl. 4 r. 7, var. from
CT 13 42:6, var. from ibid. 43 K.4470 (Sar. legend); pl. 5 K.1574:8, of. suttatum ... ina libbisa
they defeated them completely ana ndr GN na-di eri ibid. pl. 3:43, cf. ibid. 45, pl. 6 (= KAR
it-ta-du-sd-nu-td and drove them into the 170) 11 (SB Etana), cf. also CT 17 36:91f and
River Zaban Wiseman Chronicles 54:13 (Fall of dupls., in lex. section.
Nineveh); ana migit me u iSdti lid-di-ki-ma
may (Sin) throw you (sorceress) into the 3' to cast down a corpse, to throw out a
catastrophe by either water or fire Maqlu III corpse: nakrum ina pani abullim pagram
101; referring to fire: izi.Aub.bu.da.ginx i-na-an-di the enemy will cast down a corpse
in.tab.tab.e : kima sa ina isati na-du-'" in front of the city gate YOS 10 46 v 41, cf.
uhtammat (see hamatu B mng. 2a) CT 17 (beside nesum ... ina pani abullim pagram
19:21f.; assum suhgram ana tinurim id-du-ui i-na-di) ibid. 21:6 (both OB ext.); nakru ina
attunu wardam ana utunim i-di-a because pani abullija Lt.BAD SUB-di CT 31 11 i 24, also
they have thrown the boy into the oven, you CT 20 2 r. 3, 26:12; nesu isahhitma pagra
yourselves throw a slave into the kiln SUB-[di] ibid. 16 K.6848 r. 9 (all SB ext.); gurun
BIN 7 10:8 and 10 (OB let.); ina miqit isdti galmat ummandtiSu ina serim li-it-ta-ad-di
driri id-du-su-ma uhalliqu napsassu they may she (IStar) scatter piles of his warriors'
(the gods) threw him into the fiery con- corpses all over the battlefield CH xliv 16
flagration and (thus) put him to death (epilogue); salamta id-da-a he (Marduk) cast
Streck Asb. 36 iv 51; pUi ub.ba = burtu down her (Tiamat's) corpse En. el. IV 104,
na-di thrown into a well (said of an infant) cf. Sd-lam-da id-di Tn.-Epic "ii" 34, also
Hh. II 1f., and see Ai. VII iv 7, in lex. section; pagarsu li-id-d[u-4] ibid. "iv" 20; in a curse:
if you do not bring witnesses for (the purchase pagarsu lid-di BBSt. No. 19:3; ina sri at-ta-
of) the fields istu bitdtikama ana PN i-na-an- di na-ds-ma-su-nu I left their teams(?) lying
du-qa they will throw you out of your houses all over the battlefield STT 43 r. 48, see W. G.
(to make room) for PN JEN 344:24, cf. if I Lambert, AnSt 11 152; difficult: la it-ta-du-i
do not bring witnesses concerning my field Salmassun Lambert BWL 208:17; d u m u.
tomorrow u itu bitdtijama it-ta-ta-an-ni lugal.edin.na.kex 6.gal.edin.na.ta
JEN 355:23, cf. it-ta-ta ibid. 34; sapdris u b .ba : m r ,arrri a ina seri u name na-du-u
na-du-ma they (the gods) were thrown into ASKT p. 86-87 ii 13; arkidunu eli ina qereb
the net En. el. IV 112. padt
pagri.unu ad-di AKA 308 ii 41 (Asn.);
ina KUR GN ... pagar RN belidunu id-du-i
b' animals: ina la mzuditi arrabadudtu lu they (the Manneans) left the corpse of their
ana ndri lu ina siiqi [i]t-ta-ad-du-4 (if) un- lord RN unburied on Mount GN Lie Sar. 81 f.
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and dupls., cf. id-du-u pagar RN gar Elamti door, threw (it) away like .... MVAG 21 84:8
Streck Asb. 192 r. 12; ina siuq aliSu SalamtaSu (Kedorlaomer text, coll.).
id-du-u-Su they threw his corpse into the
street in his own city ibid. 24 iii 9, cf. rikit b) to pour, stir ingredients or medication
ukulti kalbe ... ultu qereb GN ... usZima into a liquid mixture, to scatter incense on
at-ta-ad-di ana kam&ti what the dogs had a censer, to sprinkle liquid medication on a
left (of the corpses) I removed from Babylon patient, to scatter small objects (in rituals,
and threw outside ibid. 40 iv 85; with ref. to etc.), to scatter feed, to sprinkle water, to let
the ghosts of unburied persons: sa ina kakki water flow, to pour oil (for divination and
dkcu ina name §UB.ME§ (the ghost of) one other purposes), to steep in a liquid, to pickle,
who was killed in a fight and is left lying in to brew beer, to irrigate a field - 1' to pour,
the open (has seized him) AMT 103:4, cf. stir ingredients or medication into a liquid
etemmu (wr. LU.KI.DIM) sa ina seri na-du mixture (in med., rit., and technical texts) -
sabissu the ghost of one who lies (unburied) a' in med.: 7 amme annti ... ina sikari
in the plain has seized him Or. NS 32 383:22 SUB-di ina kakkabi tusbat ina ri ...
(OB flour omens), cf. also lu etemmu a ina idtanattima ina'es you pour these seven
seri na-du-ma CT 23 16 i 24, also sa ,alam (crushed) medicinal herbs into beer, let (the
tasu ina seri na-da-at Gilg. XII 151, cf. lu sa mixture) stand in the open overnight, in the
ina biti na-du-u lu a ina [... iz]zazzu AfO 14 morning he drinks it several times and gets
146:95 (bit mesiri); said of heads: qaqqaddt well Kuchler Beitr. pl. 1 i 2, cf. ina me nri
rubed a Elamti ... ikkisunimma id-du-u ina SUB-di AMT 69,1:21, ina me SUB bahra ina
mahar rabdteja they cut off the heads of the libbi tarahhassi K6cher BAM 240:58, etc., also
Elamite nobles and tossed them in front of with ana: ana m e ikari u samni SUB
my officials AfO 8 178:11, cf. 180:33 (Asb.); AMT 59,1 i 31, aname burti SUB-di AMT 78,1:2,
exceptionally said of a sacrificial animal: the etc.; ana b q Sikari SsB-di ina tiniri tesekkir
king slaughters the substitute lamb ana you pour (it) into mixed beer, you reduce
muhhi salmi Sa qemi a ina qaqqari esru SUB- (it) to dry matter in an oven AMT 70,3 i 5, cf.
ma and throws it on the representation drawn RA 69 44 r.(!) i 5; ana me SB tusakkal tesekkir
on the ground with flour (lines) PBS 1/2 106 tudelld tasahhal tukassa you pour it into
r. 27, see ArOr 17/1 179f. water, let it steep, reduce it to dry matter
(in an oven), take it out, sift it, let it cool off
4' to spit out, to spit at: a pisu ana nari Kiichler Beitr. pl. 20 iv 42, cf. <ana> m e UB
SUB-ma he spits what he has in his mouth seker amela rahdsu Kocher BAM 1 i 53; ana
into the river Or. NS 34 121:18 (namburbi); gamni SUB tugahhan sepeu taptanassasma
when he shouts at you angrily TA pika ina iballut you pour (it) into oil, heat it, salve
muhhi irat ameli vUB-di-ma you spit it (the his feet, and he will get well AMT 69,7:7, cf.
straw knot held in the mouth) at the man itti lipi tusammah ina GABA.LAL SUB-ma tu=
(and the angry one will be appeased) KAR 43 abal tasaqqigima Kocher BAM 240:35; with
r. 23; uncert.: if a man [x] a(?)-naWUGU-su ina/ana libbi: KAS.SAG ina SEN.TUR tusabsal
ina na-de-e-em irassuu res [libbi]Su inarrut tabta ana libbi SUB you boil fine beer in a
when he .... , his chest and his epigastrium small kettle and put salt into it Kuchler Beitr.
quake PBS 2/2 104:3 (MB diagn.). pl. 11 iii 47, cf. burdad ana libbi ikari ivB-di
ibid. pl. 2 ii 16, ana libbi KAS.SAG ta-nam-di
5' to swoop down (said of a bird): if a
KUB 37 45 iv 2, [amm] ... ana libbi md sIc
falcon itiqma ta-he-e ameli id-di-ma illik
emmtti [vUB].~uB-di RA 69 43 r.(!) ii 10,
passes (from left to right), swoops down near(?)
CT 40 48:12 (SB Alu). Jamme anniti ana libbi svB-ma KAR 298 r. 34;
the man, and departs
ZiD.HI.A annitu ana libbi vUB-di Kocher
6' to throw away: dalat IStar ... issuhma BAM 216:25, kasd haslatianalibbi TvB tuballal
it-ta-di TRUtx GA-li-ni he tore out Itar's AMT 80,1:2, etc.; 10 GiN dispa 12 siLA amna
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balsa ana libbi SU[B-di] Kocher BAM 168:38, 2:15, (with §aman GI.DiTG.GA) AMT 35,2 ii 7,
of. Hunger Uruk 51:11. ([eaman] ereni) AMT 35,5:5, 105:13, of. ibid. 9,
(with buradu-scentedtallow) Kocher BAM 3 r. iv 27,
b' in rit. and similar texts: [riqqe ina (in broken contexts) AMT 3,5:3, 15,5:3; 10 GiN
libbi (hasbi a me qdte)] i-nad-di he puts Samna anaSAG.KI.ME§--i §U'B.ME AMT 20,2:5;
aromatic matter into it (the ewer for washing you boil beer and oil U'B.AUB-si and repeat-
the hands) MVAG 41/3 62 ii 21; me TA libbi edly sprinkle him (the patient, with it)
sappi tumallama erena ina libbi SB-di you Kocher BAM 112 i 20, cf. ina me baSluti UB.
fill it with water from the sappu container SUB- AMT 63,1:3, ina me un SUB.SUB-9[]
and put cedar (shavings) into it BBR No. AMT 58,1:7, also me SUB-s4 Kocher BAM
84-85:7 and 75-78:54, cf. (ingredients) ina 104:101; ina libbi irahhas adi ereb ami
KAS.SAG SUB-di KAR 73:12, SAHAR.HI.A ,unuiti SUB-gU ibid. 124 i 52.
ana libbi ,amni SVB-di Kocher BAM 248 iii 50,
also AMT 91,2:6', see Or. NS 36 25:12, BMS 4' to scatter small objects (in rituals, etc.),
11:44, 12:11; at night, you set up an egubbd to scatter feed: ana uSS4u abna kaspa ....
container ana libbi ... SUB-ma ina UL tuSbt lu ad-di I scattered beads, silver (gold, iron,
you put (plants, gypsum, bitumen, etc.) into copper, tin, spices) over its foundation
it and leave it (overnight) in the open AOB 1 122 r. iv 22 (Shalm. I), cf. (in same context)
LKA 112:6, see Or. NS 36 14; atypical: ham: Winckler Sar. pl. 36 No. 76:160, also ana libbi
m2 annitimma ana markaste ana libbi TE.HI usssu ad-di OIP 2 138:51 (Senn.); epra ina
sa diqdri SUB AMT 41,1:39 (NA) and dupl. qaqqadiu lid-di he should scatter dust over
Kocher BAM 50 r. 17. his head AMT 90,1:14, cf. epra ana qabliSina
vUB-[ma] KAR 400:13; ana pani riksi are
c' in technical texts: NA4 zuki ana libbi
hashiri ... SUB-di in front of the sacrificial
siparri SvB-di you mix the (ground) glass
arrangement you scatter leaves (or twigs) of
into the "bronze" Oppenheim Glass 43 § 13
an apple tree (fig tree, and musukkannu tree)
Tablet A i 105, cf. 44 Tablet B iii 17, cf. also
BMS 12:6, cf. arki riksi ti.GI.SAR SUB-di
ana muhhi URUDU.HI.A SUB-di ibid. 34 § 2
ibid. 6, also LKA 112:13, see Or. NS 36 14, (over
Tablet B i 39 and dupl., 37 § 5 Tablet A i 53, 56
magic circles) Or. NS 34 116:20, (on a roof) Or.
§ V Tablet E r. i 13 (all SB); hashaltamSUB-ma
NS 36 21:6 (all namburbis); referring to the
ibid. 63 § iii 9 (MB).
ritual scattering of flour: mashata SUB
2' to scatter incense on a censer: kinina BBR No. 52:2, of. No. 61 i 6, also ibid. No. 62:10
attapah at-ta-di pisirtu I have lighted the and 68:30; sirqa ... ita ana iti ta-at-ta-na-
brazier, I have scattered (the incense pro- an-di-ma ZA 45 208 v 8; 7 Zi.DUB.DUB.BU
ducing) release Surpu V-VI 174; ikrib quts SUB.AUB-di BBR No. 26 ii 20, also, wr. at-ta-
rinna ina nignakki ~SB-ma benediction for nam-di No. 83 iii 14, Or. NS 36 28 r. 4, and pas-
scattering the incense on the censer BBR sim, see zidubdubbii usages a and b; in technical
No. 75-78:44; ina IzI STUB nahiriu tuqattar texts: NA4 U.DIN.TIR SAR SUB-u you scatter
you scatter (various aromatic substances) (powdered) .... -mineral on it (the liquid
over the embers, you fumigate his nostrils glass) Oppenheim Glass 63 § iii 24 (MB); re-
AMT 64,1:21, of. Kocher BAM 3 iv 15, 152 iv 10, ferring to feeding animals: j4timma DU1i.A-ia
etc., (with ana pani izi) ibid. 3 i 38, AMT 27,2 sullimma ana alpija i-di-i feed all my own
ii 20, also 45,2:8. bran to my oxen TLB 4 79:14 (OB let.);
[f.ME(?)] la ta-na-da-Su-nu you do not
3' to sprinkle liquid medication on a pa- put out [hay] for them (the horses) Ebeling
tient: Saman durmni ana qaqqadiu SuB-di Wagenpferde 25 G r. 5, cf. ta-ta-na-di ibid. 22 F
you sprinkle cypress oil on his head AMT r. 15 (MA); kalbam u ,abem id-du-Jum-ma
4,7:12, cf. Saman piri el-lam ana qaqqadisu they threw him (the lion) a dog and a pig
SUB-d.i ibid. 8, also 34,4 r. 7, cf. Or. NS 36 (but he refused to eat) ARM 2 106:17.
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5' to sprinkle water, to let water flow: ana libbi SuB-di you steep in it (the egubbi
3-su me ana pan iltim i-na-[a]d-di three vessel) AMT 71,1:20, see ZA 51 170, cf. naphar
times he sprinkles water in front of the goddess 11 NA4 .MES 10 f.HI.A anniti ana m e UB-di
RA 35 3 r. iv 5, also (in similar contexts) 7 and 9 AMT 16,3 i 6, also [...] UD.3.KAM SUB-di
(Mari rit.); the exorcists me elliti it-ta-nam- AMT 66,11:6; ina lipi kalit immeri sa tabta
du-4 KAR 104:31, cf. (the sorceresses) me NU SUB-u with the kidney fat of a sheep that
... it-ta-nam-da-a ana sqdgti RA 18 162:18; was not preserved in salt AMT 2,1:13; ana
me banduddika ana muhhisa i-di-ma (see na-de-e sikari (dates) for brewing beer
banduddi usage b) Kocher BAM 248 iii 42, PBS 2/1 131:2, cf. (dates) ana sikari at-ta-di
cf. m burti vU kajdnam irtana[mmuk] BIN 1 113:10, also [... ana] na-de-e dullu sa
AMT 28,7:2; you sweep the floor A Kr.GA namzitu AJSL 27 215 RCT 9:3 (all NB).
SUB.SUB-di and sprinkle clean water BBR
No. 58:4, see Or. NS 36 279, also AfO 18 296:1, 8' to irrigate a field: eqlum ... sa ina
at-ta-di ana mahar niqe me elluti BBR No. [me]-e na-du- TCL 11 154:3 (OB).
95:26, and passim in rit.; exceptional: I changed
and redug the inlet (res nari) of that canal c) to take off, discard a garment, to
me ana qerbiSa ad-di and let water flow into abandon, leave a house, a city, a country,
it AKA 147 v 23 (Assur-bel-kala). etc., to abandon a field, a garden, to leave a
field fallow, to abandon a task, work, to
6' to pour oil (for divination and other disregard an order, a rite, etc., to stop
purposes): [amnam] ana me ina na-di-ia working, to reject a person, to abandon,
when I am pouring oil into water CT 3 2: If., disregard someone, to repudiate an obligation,
cf. i m ina na-di-ka CT 5 5:32ff. and etc., to put animals out to pasture - 1' to
passim, [summa samnam ana m]e ad-di- take off, discard a garment: id-di marjstiSu
ma u me ana Samnim ina na-di-ia YOS 10 ittalbisa zakdtisu he took off his dirty
57:1; 1 sa zikarim 1 <sa>sinnistim ahe ta-na- (garments) and clad himself in clean ones
an-di-i-ma you pour (the oil) once for the Gilg. VI 3, cf. lid-di maskiuma let him
man (and) separately once for the woman (in discard his skins ibid. XI 241, also inassah u
divination to be made concerning marriage) i-nam-di damqiti he takes off and discards
CT 3 2:14; Samnam ana me ad-di-i-ma the fine garments ibid. VIII ii 22; the snake
CT 5 4:1; ina sa-ni na-di-ia at my second it-ta-di quliptu shed (its) skin ibid. XI 289;
pouring ibid. 5:28, Summa i <ina> anim na- LU.BI TUG id-du-4 ul inassi this man must
di-ia ibid. 30, see Pettinato Olwahrsagung 2 19 not wear the garment he has taken off
(all OB oil omens); summa mar bare amna ana Or. NS 40 143 r. 22 (namburbi); umma subdssu
me UB-ma KAR 151 r. 31, cf. mar bdri ... SUB.SUB-di if he (the sick man) keeps taking
m ana Samni SUB-di BBR No. 1-20:121 (SB off his clothing Labat TDP 182:46, also ibid.
oil omens); he scatters (sardqu) juniper 214:13.
(shavings) and mashatu flour Samna ana
sirqi SUB.AUB pours oil into the scatter- 2' to abandon, leave a house, a city, a
offering BBR No. 79-82 iii 15; in a funerary country, etc.: bita lu-ud-di I will abandon
context: you bury this bull in a piece of my home (parallel: bisa aj ahSih) Lambert
cloth Saman gunnu ana muhhisu ~uB-di and BWL 76:133 (Theodicy); E.BI iligu UB.MES-
sprinkle ordinary oil over it RAcc. 14 ii 20. 4h-ma lupnu GUB.ME-u-ma the gods will
abandon that house, make poverty perma-
7' to steep in a liquid, to pickle, to brew nent in it CT 38 17:97 (SB Alu); GA.GI4.A.BI
beer: zuqaqipa balta UD.3.KAM ana amni sUB-di this gag4 will become uninhabited
vB you steep a live scorpion in oil for three CT 38 5:135 (SB Alu), cf. inuiis gipdru ..
days AMT 61,5:9; (plants, gold, silver and asaru na-di-ma YOS 1 45 i 41 (Nbn.); DIS
other metals, lapis lazuli and other stones) bitu wdsib libbiou it-ta-na-di [... ] if the
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inhabitant of a house is always neglecting CH § 30:55, cf. summa eqlam la iriSma it-ta-di
[it?] CT 40 5:29, cf. it-ta-na-ad-d[u(?)... ] § 43:7, eqlam Sa id-du-4 ibid. 11; eqlam
ibid. 30 (SB Alu); na-du-u simakkiSu aban- i-na-di-ma bilat eqlimma i.AG.E even if he
doned was its sanctuary RA 22 37 ii 6 (Nbn.); leaves the field fallow he pays the rent for
sa ... ekalla Sidti umadsaruma i-na-ad-du-4- the field CT 8 40b:14, of. MDP 18 215:13;
si he who leaves this palace and abandons it Summa eqlum anndm na-di-ma res ekallim
Weidner Tn. 13 No. 5:110, cf. ekal kisMitija ukdl if that field remains fallow it is reserved
... la i-na-di-ma AKA 247 v 28 (Asn.); rub' for the palace BIN 7 6:12; summa eqlum
ekallasu vUB-ma the prince will abandon his saddaqdam la erisma na-di if the field was
palace (and build another palace beside it) not planted last year but left fallow CT 4
CT 28 50 r. 8 (SB ext.); ~uB-e bit ameli aban- 24a:16; eqlam i-na-ad-du--[ma] ul irriSuma
donment of a man's house LKA 120:3, see Or. kima imittim u Sumelim SE I.AG.E.MES
NS 39 142, cf. SUB-e i CT 38 15:35 and 51 TLB 1 208:10; summa eqel bit abisu la na-di
(SB Alu); SUB-e li halaq nisesu RAcc. 36 r. 4, TCL 7 51:27, of. 22, cf. eqelsu i-na-ad-di-i-ma
cf. ana SvTB-e mat Akkadi Hunger Kolophone Frank Strassburger Keilschrifttexte 15:8, etc.;
No. 295:1; bitu hep4 u na-du-u ABL 912:6 A.SA ... id-di-a-am-ma Kraus AbB 1 59:12,
(NB); if you march against the enemy's city it-ta-di-a-as-su OECT 3 41:9, cf. piru eqlim
ina panika i-na-ad-di-ma ittassi he will leave Sa id-di-a-aS-Su ibid. 10; x eqlam kirdm
(it) before your arrival and move out (you sibissu a ... sabtu id-di-ma TCL 1 5:12;
will enter an abandoned town) YOS 10 x A.SA zi-ik-li-tum Sa PN unaSSipuma id-du-
41:44 (OB ext.), also KAR 150:7 (SB ext.); nakru TCL 7 17:9, cf. ibid. 24; x A.SA Siprdtu ...
subassu SUB-ma the enemy will abandon his na-di-a-[at] PBS 7 84:10; Sa teptitim ahi:
dwelling place (and will go out of the city tamma ad-di-i TCL 1 45:13; nuhhidma
he lives in) KAR 423 iii 26 (SB ext.), summa eliatisu la i-na-ad-du-u me lilputu see to it
awilum alsu id-di-ma ittabit if a man aban- that they not neglect his high-lying fields but
dons his city and runs away CH § 136:58, that they irrigate (them) TCL 18 85:21; their
cf. alsu id-di-i-ma itbema ittalak ARM 1 5:30, Sukussu fields Sa ina la me na-di-a that are
of. 43 r. 8'; alu ilus izzibusu sdidau SUB. abandoned due to the lack of water TLB 4
MES- a4 its gods will leave the city, its 74:30, cf. ibid. 17; uncert.: pih x A.SA x GIS.
protective spirits will abandon it CT 20 4 SAR Simatisa Sa ... i-ra-mu-ma id-du-i
K.3671+ r. 13 (SB ext.); mdtum edissisa na- (land) substitute for the field and orchard,
da-at-ti isrum na-di the land has been left her purchases, which she .... -ed and aban-
on its own, the open country abandoned doned Waterman Bus. Doc. 28:10 (all OB);
TCL 18 77:5f. (OB let.), and note: for ten the field ina la me na-di BE 17 24:20;
years ilu mata i-nam-du-i the gods will aban- tamirtum iltet na-da-at PBS 1/2 63:16, cf.
don the country KAR 212 r. ii 24 (hemer.); ex- ndra ul ahrd a-na-ad-di ibid. 50:48 (all MB
ceptional: dimtu Sa (text u)
ina seri sa dlisu letters); Sa arki eqla sudtu i-nam-du-ma (any
%a na-du4 -4 a tower which is outside his town official) who, after they have abandoned
and which is in ruins HSS 15 1:6, cf. ibid. 22 this field Hinke Kudurru iii 21; eqlu
(Nuzi royal edict); mata id-du-si ilii[a] JCS Sudtu belu SUB-s4 its owner will abandon
21 128:18; a canal sa ultuime ruqiti na-da- that field CT 39 9:12, cf. A.SA BI ikkaru
at-ma that has been abandoned since days SUB-ma ul ikkal RA 13 31 Rm. 122 r. 5; A.AA
of old Rost Tigl. III p. 2:11. BI ENGAR SUB-ma sersu ul itdb the farmer
will abandon this field, and his health will
3' to abandon a field, a garden, to leave fail ibid. r. 10; A.§A BI §UB-di ENGAR BI KUR
a field fallow: (if a soldier) eqelu kirdsu u CT 39 4:30, also (with LU BI BE // NU SI.sA) ibid.
bissu ina pani ilkim id-di-ma uddappir 3:17 (all SB Alu); SUB-e A.Sk A.GAR [...]
abandons his field, garden, and house for CT 39 26:6, cf. ibid. 4:32, also GIS.SAR BRT
fear of ilku duty, and absents himself SFB [...] CT 40 44 80-7-19,92+ :6, etc.
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nadui Ic nadd Ic
4' to abandon a task, work, to disregard na-di-a return the house plot to PN lest his
an order, a rite, etc.: Sipirka na-di-i is your labor have been for naught TLB 4 82:25;
work abandoned? BIN 7 33:16, cf. 24:10, also if barley or silver are not available to me
UCP 9 332 No. 7:20; pihdtusunu la na-di-a sabitam a-na-ad-di I will give up brewing
their duties must not be neglected VAS 16 beer Kraus AbB 1 118:14 (- JCS 14 57); tenm
186 r. 8, cf. pihassunu u alpuunu na-du- belsu uwa'iru i-na-an-di-i-ma tenm ramanisu
ABIM 10:10, also JCS 17 84 No. 11:2; awtija ippes will he disregard the order which his
u tert[i] id-di-a-am-m[a] ittalkam he disre- master issued and act according to his own
garded my orders and my directives, he left will? TIM 2 14:18 (OB let.), also sa uwa'iruka
BIN 7 19:7 (all OB letters); awdt belija ana la ta-na-ad-di-i-ma sat ramanika la teppes
warkisu i-na-an-di ARM 2 113:11; dulla ana UET 6 414:2 (OB lit.), see Iraq 25 183; con-
arikti i-na-an-di (see arku mng. lb-2') PBS 1/2 cerning PN, my father wrote me as follows
41:26; sa rube DN amassu id-du-ma ippus ki ana Sandabakkutim ina GN ... asakkansu
libbus he disregarded the command of noble tertasu na-di-et I intend to appoint him
Marduk to do what he wanted Cagni Erra I sandabakku in GN, the office is vacant for
122; awat Tabarna ... (sa parzilli) sa la na- him (send him here at once) ARM 1 109:11;
di-e-[x] sa la seberim the command of the qabalka e ta-ad-di do not give up your fight
Tabarna is (like iron), not to be neglected, Tn.-Epic "iii" 31; eburu na-a-di (you did not
not to be broken KBo 1 6:6, also (as Akkado- send me barley) the harvest is abandoned
gram in Hitt.) Balkan Schenkungsurkunde 43 r. CT 22 215:8 (NB let.); kitta ta-at-ta-du-ma
20, and passim, see Riemschneider, MIO 6 334f.; (var. ta-du-ma) you have rejected truth
see also Lambert BWL 233: 1f., in lex. Lambert BWL 76:79 (Theodicy); illilutam ites
section; when you see this tablet eser kim na-du-u pa-ar-si he usurped supreme
.ibetika i-di-ma drop everything you want divine rank, the divine decrees were disre-
to do (lit. your ten enterprises) (take ten garded RA 46 88:1 (OB Epic of Zu), cf.
shekels of silver and get here quickly) illilita ilteqe na-du-u par-s[i] CT 15 40 iii 22
Sumer 14 76 No. 49:6 (OB let.), cf. sarrdni and 39 ii 48 (SB recension); note ana GN
ina puhri amdtesunu SUB.MES-ma sa-na- alakam ta-at-ta-di you have neglected going
tim-ma TUS.A.MES kings will abandon their to GN ARM 2 10:6.
plans(?) in the assembly and will con-
vene elsewhere(?) PRT 106:4, also CT 20
5' to stop working: i-na-ad-di ittallakma
10 r. 5; SUB-e A.AS renouncing a wish
ina idisu itelli if he stops working and
CT 39 41:9, wr. na-de-e A.[AS] leaves, he loses his wages JCS 13 107 No. 9:14,
ibid. 2:103
cf. i-na-ad-di-ma ina idisu itelli UCP 10 131
(SB Alu); na-de-e PA (obscure) AfO 11
No. 58:13 (coll.), cf. also i-na-ad-di ittallak
223:16 (physiogn.); ummni harrdnsa SUB-
PBS 8/2 196:18, id-di-ma ittalak TCL 1
di-ma sanitamma [isabbat] my army will
49:18, also i-di-a-am-ma ittalkam OECT 3
abandon its campaign and embark on another
66:12, cf. id-di-a-am-ma ittalkammi ibid. 22,
KAR 426:7, also CT 20 2:24, CT 31 41 Sm. 2075:2,
ad-da-am-ma attalka ibid. 72:19; i-na-ad-di-
also CT 20 27 K.4069 ii 10, 29:9, etc. (all SB ext.),
ma ihalliq TLB 4 3:21 (all OB), cf. ARM 1
barranamsa ta[kpudu] ta-ta-[ad(?)]-d[i(?)-m]a
22:19.
sanitam ta[lla]k RA 67 50:18 (OB ext.); hars
ran takpudu UB-ma Sanitamma tallak PRT 6' to reject a person, to abandon, disregard
106:3, also CT 20 10 r. 4; ana arrdni UB-di someone, to repudiate an obligation: said of
la tallak as for the campaign - abandon it, gods with regard to man: DN u DN 2 ilka
do not go Boissier DA 228:42 and 229:57 (SB li-di-a-ni may AsSur and your personal god,
ext.), see also girru A mng. 3a; 2 ilkka DN2 , reject me BIN 6 39:19, cf. DN u DN 2
na-du-'i tuppi ina amarim qadu 2 ilkka ... li-di-a-ni ibid. 97:22, also DN-ma u ilka
aldkam epSam TCL 1 38:6, of. AbB 5 275:6 awilam i-ti-di-ma A§§ur himself and your
and 8; bitam ana PN terma mdnahdtusu la god have rejected the man CCT 3 16b:15,
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nadtl Ic nadt le
cf. ASsur u ilka i-ta-ad-a-ni-ma JCS 14 8 di-ma CH § 58:72; x sheep ina GN id-
No. 4:35, see Hirsch Untersuchungen p. 13 n. 61, du-4 ana bulluti they have let loose in GN
and note AS ur i-ta-ad-a-ni-ma Kienast to keep (them) alive HSS 16 283:3; bill
ATHE 65:29 (all OA); Marduk id-da-an-ni u karasija ina uSalliSu ad-di-ma ... usahribu
usaqqdnni has rejected and exalted me ugdrsu I let the animals from my camp
Ugaritica 5 162:39; in personal names: loose in his meadow and they ruined his
.- lU-e-ta-ad-di-an-ni My-God-Do-Not-Reject- tertile land TCL 3 187 (Sar.).
Me TCL 11 174 r. 30 and 200:30, also Gemser
Persoonsnamen 11:7 (all OB); see also Langdon d) to drop an object accidentally, to lose
BL No. 192: 1ff., in lex. section; istu imim a part of the body, to have a miscarriage -
sa ta-di-a-an-ni-ma talliku ever since you 1' to drop an object accidentally, to lose a
rejected me and left TIM 2 100:5, cf. awelum part of the body: if a bird mimma sa nas
it-ta-di-na-ti the boss has rejected us ... ana pani ameli id-di drops something
Kraus AbB 1 63:6; summa libbi abija alum he is carrying in front of a man ABL 353:14,
la i-na-ad-di-a-an-ni may it please my cf., wr. SUB-di ibid. r, 1 (omen quotation);
father, the town must not reject me Sumer if a falcon carrying a partridge enters the
14 65 No. 39:22, cf. suharam ta-ad-di-ma royal palace ana pani arri SUB-ma usi
TIM 2 104:10, note ina napistim ta-na-ad- drops it in front of the king, and leaves
di-a-an-ni VAS 16 53:18, cf. TCL 18 123:20, CT 39 29:31; if the lock peg of the (door of
etc., cf. also mng. 4a (all OB letters); nappahi the) palace Suiltma ina KI ~SB-at is lifted
it-ta-du-u PBS 1/2 41:8 (MB let.); id-dan-ni (out of place) and dropped to the ground
il my god has abandoned me Lambert BWL CT 40 12:20, and passim in this text (both SB Alu) ;
32:43 (Ludlul I), cf. ilu sa id-da-[an]-ni if a sick man qdssu Sa NiG.GIG-ti-sUSUB-ma
ibid. 88:295 (Theodicy); when the men heard NU iL-si lets his diseased(?) (or: left) hand
(it) ibbalkitu i-na-du-i itti RN they rebelled drop and cannot lift it Labat TDP 78:72;
and now are rejecting Assurbanipal ABL see also abru B; for libba u SaSalla nadil see
1195 r. 4 (NB); ana mini ki elippe ina qabal mng. 2h; summa amelu supursu lu na-da-at
nari na-da-ki why are you abandoned like [...] if a man's nail is either lost [or ... ]
a boat in the river? BA 2 634:1, cf. ake AMT 100,3 r. 7, also, wr. SUB ibid. 11; summa
la na-da-kula battuqu aSlija ibid. 4; alpu qaransu SvB-ma imur if he sees a bull
marsum murussu i-na-an-di-su the sick man's that is losing a horn Labat TDP 4:19, cf. if
illness will leave him CT 3 4 r. 45 (OB oil a horned snake qarnatisu §UB CT 40 23:2
omens); you wash his (the patient's) head (SB Alu).
(with it) UD.3.KAM SUB-di tugallab you
2' to have a miscarriage: eritu Sa libbisa
leave (him alone) for three days, you shave
SUB-a CT 31 50:19, 39 i 25, KAR 423 r. ii 46, etc.
(his head) AMT 65,5:9; referring to obli-
(SB ext.), Kocher BAM 246:7 and 10, also erdtu
gations, etc.: mdri PN hubullasunu u NIG
Sa libbiSina SUB.ME-ni Leichty Izbu III 71,
i.AD.DA.NE.NE it-ta-ad-du-4-ma PN's sons
wr. SUB-di-a ACh Sin 34:25, uncert.: Sa
have repudiated their debt as well as the
libbisa NA Labat TDP 200:5; ana eriti ... Sa
assets of their father's estate TCL 11 173:8,
libbisa la SUB-e in order that a pregnant
of. possibly YOS 8 141:5.
woman not have a miscarriage LKA 9 r. iii 8;
u Sd-mi ARHIJU SUB-e herb for inducing a
7' to put animals out to pasture: emdruka miscarriage (or: expelling the afterbirth)
annabritim na-du your donkeys have been CT 14 36 79-7-8,22 r. 5.
put out to pasture BIN 4 31:45, cf. AN§E.
HI.A ... ana [nabr]itim na-ad-4 CCT 2 23:17, e) to knock down a wall, a door, to over-
emdr ... ana nabritim i-di-i (see nebritu throw a rule: the battering ram 6 GI.~I.A
usage b) CCT 3 44b:19, of. TCL 19 61:16 (all diram id-di knocked down six reeds (length)
OA); dumma ... re um senam ana eqlim id- of wall ARM 10 171: 12; duiru tdtabat ta-at-
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nadi If nadi 2
ta-di (var. tabutma ta-ta-di) sa-met-su Cagni objects for exhibit, for a sacrifice, or for
Erra IV 51; izizzi belti la ta-na-da-dS-i hold other purposes, to put something into a con-
on, my lady, do not break it (the door) down tainer, to put on clothing, to place a stone in
CT 15 45:23 (Descent of Iltar); a report Ja na- a mounting, to insert, to fasten a lock, to
de-e kussi belija concerning the overthrow of affix a clay tag, to put on jewelry, etc., to
my lord's rule ARM 10 165:13. load an animal, a wagon, a boat, to put
medication inside the body of a sick person,
f) to cast a net: PN ba'irum suhri ... to place medication on an ailing spot -
ana na-de-e ul imgur my servant PN, the 1' to place a piece of furniture, a container,
fisherman, refused to cast (the net) CT 29 a mat, a brick, to erect a reed hut: ina
37:10, cf. li-id-di ibid. 16 (OB let.); uSandl qabalti ekalli sa RN kussia ad-di (see kussu
Setu id-di-ma the fowler cast (his) net mng. 2b-1') Rost Tigl. III p. 16:97, cf. id-di-
Lambert BWL 221:3; see SBH p. 130 No. I 22f., ma kussijarrfti En. el. VI 93; [ammini ina]
in lex. section; bd'irtu ... sa ina siuqta GN la aSbdtama[inaEsag]illa na-di-i ku-su-ka
na-da-tu sessa fisherwoman whose net is why are you not residing in Babylon, is your
cast in the streets Maqlu VII 86; uncert.: throne not placed in Esagila? Pallis Akitu pl.
Idmi issurdti a id-du-u [... ] the one who 10 r. 16, cf. ibid. 19; kussz anftija ina libbiSa
surrounds birds, he who has cast [his net(?)] ad-di I (Marduk) established my divine seat
Lambert BWL 78:160 (Theodicy). in it (the land of Hatti) BiOr 28 5 i 16; ina
GN dl sar ildni DN id-du-4 GIs.[GU.ZA-i?]
g) to launch a boat: elippeti lupus [... ]-
in Babylon, the city of Marduk, the king of
di-na anandri at-ta-du-i BE 17 18:31 (MB let.);
(all) gods, they (i.e., the gods) founded his
magilla id-du-ma (see magillu mng. 1)
throne MVAG 21 92:9 (Kedorlaomer text), see
cf. GIS.MA Marduk ana ID ina
Gilg. X iii 48,
Brinkman PKB 80; dajdn same u ersetim ku-si-
sUB-e CT 40 38 K.2992+ :23 (SB Alu).
a-u li-di-ma AbB 5 160:4; [GIS.GU.Z]A.ME
2. to place a piece of furniture, a con- elliti ana asdbikunu ad-di Iraq 18 (pl. 14) p.
tainer, etc., to erect a reed hut, to set out 62:21 (SB hymn), also BMS 17:7; kussl BUB-ma
objects for exhibit, a sacrifice, etc., to put Bab. 12 pl. 9 K.8563: 10 (Etana); ana etemme
something into a container, to put on kimtibu ... kussad sB-[di] you place a chair
clothing, to place a stone in a mounting, to for the spirits of the dead of his family
insert, to fasten a lock, to affix a clay tag, to BBR No. 52:12f., cf. 3 kuss s uB-di TUG HUS.A
put on jewelry, etc., to load (an animal, a tatarras kite ina muhhi tasaddad you set up
wagon, a boat), to apply medication, to lay three chairs, spread a red cloth, and pull a
the foundations of a building, to erect a house, linen cloth over (them) ibid. No. 31-37 ii 20,
a temple, a stela, etc., to build a fortress, a also kussa ina idi TUG maskini suB-di
town, a nest, etc., to pitch camp, to establish ibid. No. 67:3 and dupl. BA 5 689 No. 42:4; na-
a garden, a threshing floor, to place in da-a kussi BBR No. 100:5; in transferred
storage, to deposit in an account, to use gold mng.: (addressing flatulence) itti ildni
or silver for an object, to put in fetters, ahheka na-di-a-at kussdka Kiichler Beitr. pl. 4
to put a person in prison, an animal in a iii 63; ina birit sinne na-da-at kussdsu it (the
cage, to write, to put down in writing, to toothache) established itself between the
make a drawing, to impress a seal, to paint, teeth AMT 18,11:9, cf. (the cough) ina birit
to smear, to color, to line a container, to hade it-ta-di kussdsu AMT 81,3 r. 7, also AMT
overlay, to assign, consign, to plan, to 46,2:8, cf. Kocher BAM 29:22, 10, 28 r. 5, AMT
sentence a person, to accuse, to charge 27,5:4; annikam ina bu-r[i-im] GIS.GU.ZA-i
with a crime, to inflict a disease, a calamity, na-di-a-[at] here my chair is set up on a
etc., to place in an inclined position, to tilt - reed mat TLB 4 35:33 (OB let.); ana IShara
a) to place a piece of furniture, a container, majdlum na-di-i-ma a bed is placed for DN
a mat, a brick, to erect a reed hut, to set out Gilg. P. v 29; in broken context: na-de-e
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nadi 2 nadf 2
e-er-si (var. GIS.NA) Lambert-Millard Atra-hasis KI.NE.ME§ SUB-di you arrange the fat on the
64 I 299; ad-di madjlta at-ta-[di kuss]d Biggs seven braziers Or. NS 36 287:6, of. immera
Saziga 12 i 6, cf. majdltu Sanita [ina] kisalli na- ina muhhi kinuni SUB-4 CT 15 44:8 (= Pallis
da-a-ti TCL 6 32:35 (Esagila tablet), see Weiss- Akitu pl. 5); ikrib dappi na-d[e-e] (see dappu
bach, WVDOG 59 54; the 29th day is the usage c) BBR No. 83 iii 26, No. 75-78:31; ana
day majdltu ana Dumuzi SUB-u LKA 70 i 14; muh4ii napdi SUB-di (see napdd) RAcc. 14
paSsira svB-di you set up a table BBR No. ii 31; (medication to be prepared) ina seti
67:5 and dupl. BA 5 689 No. 42:6, see also ki= SUB you place in the open air AMT 8,1:5;
hullu mng. 2a; mimma unit biti ... epuSma obscure: KA kalbi ina birini id-du-u STT
at-ta-di qerebsu I fashioned all sorts of 76:30 and 77:30, wr. SUB Gray Samas pi. 5:28,
furnishings for the temple and set (them) see Laessoe Bit Rimki 39.
up therein Borger Esarh. p. 5 vi 27, and see
egubbi, garakku, kininu, etc.; burd ina 3' to put something into a container -
muhhi parisati ad-di I spread a reed mat a' in gen.: riksum sahrum illibbi nepisim
over the laths (of the roof) AASOR 16 7:41 na-di a small bundle is placed in the pack
(Nuzi), cf. 12 GADA ina muhhi SUB-di you TCL 20 171:11, cf. riksu illibbi Suqlika na-di
CCT 2 2:49, x gold illibbi riksim na-di
spread twelve (pieces of) linen over (it)
RAcc. 12 ii 1, also BBR No. 51:8, cf. burd SUB-
MVAG 33 No. 259:9, riksum ina qerbisu
di RAcc. 10 i 12; said of bricks: libitta id-di na-di BIN 4 122:11, but note: 2 riksan ...
Lambert-Millard Atra-hasis 62 288 (OB), of. [ina
ina pani suqlim na-ad-u KTS 28:32, see Veen-
hof Old Assyrian Trade p. 33, also gold i-pd-ni
b]iriunu it-ta-di libitt[i] ibid. 60 I 259 (SB);
nepisim na-di TCL 21 207:10 (all OA); 2 us'en
1 libitta ana DN SUB-di RAcc. 12 ii 5, 2-ta
libndti imitta u Sumela 9a babi ... ... ina qarbiSunu a-di I placed two ....
vUB-di
inside them Belleten 14 224:14 (Irisum); 12
ibid. 10 i 9, and passim; ina muhhi bure 9
libnati SUB-di TuL p. 111:32; you sweep the ildni siparri ana libbi lilissi ... ~uB-ma
roof, sprinkle clean water 4 Sa 4.HI.A sa-ha-a you place twelve bronze images of gods in-
side the kettledrum 4R 23 No. 1 i 6, see RAcc.
SUB-di STC 2 pl. 84:107, cf., wr. SIG4 .MES
26; pe ana libbi DUG.LA.SAR aUB-di-ma you
sd-ha-a SvB-di 4R 55 No. 2:16, see also
place chaff in a .... pot (and blow it through
nalbattu; referring to ceremonial reed huts:
its opening over a washbowl) Maqlu IX 176,
he goes to the river dutukka vuB-di and
cf. ingredients ana DUG.UTL UB-di AMT
sets up a reed hut LKA 114:6, see Or. NS 34
126, you place the image on a reed mat 31,5:5; samnu dispu a ina libbi pisanni
GI.PAD SUB-[di] BBR No. 35:38; you make
§UB.ME§-ni ana NU damesunu sUB.ME§-ni
the oil and honey which they place in the
figurines of a man and woman ana muhhi
ahame SUvB-di-u-nu-ti and place them one chests, they sprinkle in lieu(?) of their blood
LKA 73:4, see TuL p. 38; 5 iSpatu 30.TA.AM
upon the other KAR 70:7, see Biggs Saziga 46
No. 27; ina penti aSdgi kamdna SvB-di (see GI.MES-nu ina libbiSunu a na-du-u five
kamanu usage a) CT 39 24:31 (SB Alu);
quivers, thirty arrows have been put in each
manditte ina libbi SuB-di BBR No. 26 iii 26; HSS 13 195:5; (the tablets?) ina GIs be-ku-
u,-hi na-a-du RA 23 159 No. 66:19 (both Nuzi);
exceptional in ext.: if the zi iStu imittim
ana sumelim it-ta-na-ad-di is always dis- (various beads, etc.) ina qerbenu SUB-di you
placed from right to left
place inside (the pot) Or. NS 40 148:55, see
YOS 10 45:9, also
(from left to right) ibid. 10 (OB). also kullatu B.
b' (in Nuzi) referring to accounting by
2' to set out objects for exhibit, for a means of stones placed inside clay balls: ina
sacrifice, or other purposes: 2 Juqlin li-di-a- NA4.ME§ la na-du-4 AASOR 16 98:9, cf. ina
ku-ma ist~t usuq let him put before you two NA4 .MES-ti la na-du- HSS 13 280:8, 371:14,
packages, then select one TCL 4 8:13 (OA); 478:6, HSS8 14 556:10, HSS8 16 267:6, 274:7,
when these braziers are aglow hinsa ana 7 282:9, 315: 10, and see Oppenheim, JNES 18 125ff.
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nadf 2 nadf 2b
4' to put on clothing: (several craftsmen) id-a-nim-ma ... atalkanim assemble (pl.)
sibtu halpu u 2 mezeii SvB-u wrapped in and place the balance of my textiles on my
a sibtu and having put on two belts UVB 15 donkeys and come here JCS 14 3 S.559:23,
p. 40:9, of. 17, also sibtu sa la sissikti SVB-ma cf. KTS 36c:12, also saniam qulqullam issir
ibid. r. 3, of. obv. 6, kaldi ... 2 mezehi sa emdri la ta-na-di-a TCL 4 16:12; send word
muhhi sibti SUB ibid. 12 (NB rit.); sir'am ... concerning the copper ina eriqqim li-di-
ina ti-ik-<ki>-s4 i-na-ad-<du> VAS 5 16:13 u-nim KTS 3b:17 (all OA); (the kusabku
(NB). wood) ina MA.i.DUB i-ta-ad-d[i-(am)-ma]
LIH 72:14 (OB let.).
5' to place a stone in a mounting: 1 ku:
nukku marhallu ina pi hurdsi nadi one seal 11' to put medication inside the body of
of marhallu stone mounted in gold RA 43 a sick person: ana libbi uznesu SuB-ma nisg
140:34, also 142:54, etc.; 1 hi-du uqni damqi miuu iqallil you put (the oil) in his ears and
ina pi hurasi na-di ibid. 148:115; difficult: his hearing will improve (lit. become light)
a sun disk ina tu-ru-ni hurasi na-[di] AMT 35,2 ii 10, cf. 33,1:27, 38,4:6, 105:9 and 11,
ibid. 146:92, also (a crocodile) ina tu-ru-ni Kocher BAM 3 r. iii 51, (against toothache) AMT
hurdsi na-di ibid. 148:98 (Qatna inv.). 18,11:3; [ana] nahirisuSUB.MES AMT 25,6 i 11,
also ana libbi inesu SUB.~SB-di AMT 11,2:6.
6' to insert (technical term in glass texts):
ana pan abni uraka ta-nam-d[i] you insert 12' to place medication on an ailing spot:
the chisel into the surface of the (molten) the medication ana IGI GIG SUB you place
glass Oppenheim Glass 55 § U ii 17, cf. uraka on the sick spot (simmu) AMT 74,1 ii 15, also
ta-nam-di ibid. 13. iii 6, and note ema GIG SUB.MES ibid. iii 5,
abbr. ana IGI SUB ibid. 16 ii 21f., iii 12, 75,1 iii
7' to fasten a lock, a mechanical device: 21, 29f., etc., cf. also AMT 43,5:10, Kocher BAM
na-du-u4 igaru the bolts are in place (i.e., 152 ii 16, 168:31, 240:30; note Samna ana
the gate is locked) OECT 6 pl. 12 K.3507:9, pani SUB ana suburrisu tasappak you place
cf. turra bdbu na-du-u si-gar-ra KUB 4 47 r. 40, oil on the spot (i.e., the rectum) and give an
also na-du-u hargullu AnBi 12 283:39, and sec enema AMT 94,2 ii 6 and i 11, also 42,2 ii 5, 57,5
hargullu mngs. 1 and 2; kak.i.l == na-du-z r. 5, etc., also Kocher BAM 168:6 and 69, 186:9,
GIS.KAK Lu II i 5, also Lu Excerpt I 165; 2 MA. Kiichler Beitr. pl. 10 iii 9 and 29, also ina IGI
NA GIS.KIN na-as-qi ana magarri na-de-e x SUB AMT 56,1 r. 8; ana muhhi sinnisu marsi
choice bast for .... -ing the wheel TCL 9 SUB AMT 18,11:2.
50:21 (MB).
13' in idiomatic expressions: the gods
8' to affix a clay tag: seal the basket and
know ki a-mat sa ana tikki[ja] id-du-u ana
sipassika i-di affix your sealed tags Kraus
sarri aqbi that I have told the king every
AbB 1 105:12, also UCP 9 331 No. 6:16, 340 No.
word they have "placed on my neck" BIN 1
15:19, cf. assum x se'im §a ... PN sipasssu
22:11 (NB let.), cf. [... ] ina tikkisu la ad-du-u
i-du-u Sumer 14 58 No. 32:9 (all OB letters).
TCL 13 170:25 (NB leg.); alpu ana UD.7.KAM
9' to put on jewelry, etc.: irimmam id-di sa MN ina muhhi lib-bi sa ahija lu na-di
kisd[d]i[a] (see irimmu) VAS 10 215:16 (OB let the bull be placed(?) at the disposal of
lit.); maninnu ... ina tikki sa ahija lu na-di my brother for seven days in MN (there
may the necklace be placed around my must be no interruption of work for Ramag)
brother's neck (for a hundred thousand BIN 1 50:8 (NB let.).
years) EA 21:41; indi it-ta-di ana tik[ki
sa] Enkidu Gilg. III iv 21. b) to lay the foundations of a building,
to lay bricks for a foundation, to erect a
10' to load an animal, a wagon, a boat: house, a temple, a stela, etc., to build a
sitti subdtija ... pu rama issir emdrija fortress, a town, a nest, etc., to pitch camp,
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nad 2b nadfi 2b
to establish a garden, to set up a threshing ina kutalli ad-du-u-ma BE 17 23:8 (MB let.);
floor - 1' to lay the foundation of a building, referring to reeds used in foundations: istu
to lay bricks for a foundation: with ussu: qa-na-a ad-du-i BE 17 46:7, of. ibid. 15, also
adi us-si a-na-an-du-u until I lay the foun- 3:24 (MB let.); with subtu: Subat Sin u aama
dations BE 17 23:7 (MB let.); simman u ... ina libbi ad-di KAH 2 94 r. 8 (Asn.), cf.
tersiti sa na-de-e us-si appurtenances and subat DN ... ina qerbisu ad-di Lyon Sar. p.
materials for (the ceremony of) laying a 25:16, etc.; ilani ... ina subtisunu idki ...
foundation YOS 3 5:11, cf. hisihtu sa ana ina GN id-du- subassun OIP 2 78:28, also
na-de-e us-sid a abulli VAS 6 68:9 (both NB); 38 iv 36 (Senn.); GN sa ina ahi tamti na-da-ta
enuma APIN bit iii UB-u RAcc. 42 r. 2, of.
ibid. 3, and passim, also BiOr 30 178:2, and passim;
DIS E APIN-U UD.16.KAM na-du-c if the
u
subassu Streck Asb. 80 ix 116, etc.; sa ina
same u erseti it-ta-ad-du- u-bat-ni En. el.
VI 144, of. V 138; bitu ... gubassu na-da-at
foundation of a house is laid on the 16th day CT 38 12:72 (SB Alu); ina dame etli ... ta-at-
CT 38 10:1 and passim in this text (SB Alu); ta-di (vars. it-ta-di, ta-ta-di) subassu Cagni
us-Se-su ina muhhi kisir sadi danni ad-di Erra IV 17, cf. subta id-di ina kargisu
AKA 96 vii 78 (Tigl. I), also Scheil Tn. II r. 57; Bab. 12 pl. 5 K.2527 r. 12 and pl. 4:19 (Etana);
us-se-e-si ad-di-ma ukin libnassu Winckler nakru inapani abullijasubta SUB KAR 460:15;
Sar. pl. 43:61, etc.; ina pilu aban sadi APIN- ic if a snake in a bedroom subta SUB-di KAR
ad-di OIP 2 151 No. 12:5, cf. ina na-de-e 389b i (p. 350) 5 (SB Alu); a istu ap-na-ma
APIN ga bit akiti ibid. 138:48 (Senn.); APIN- na-du- subassun 5R 35:31 (Cyr.), see Berger,
su-un ad-du-u ukin li[bnassun] Borger Esarh. ZA 64 198.
85 r. 48; eli temen labiri ad-da-a us-gu-sa
VAB 4 256 i 40; us-s4 Ebabbara sudti id-di 2' to erect a house, a temple, a stela, etc.:
CT 34 28:57 (both Nbn.); APIN- s it-ta-du E.KUR i ina libit ekallija lu ad-di I erected
Herzfeld API pl. 16:5 (Artaxerxes); ana na-de-e this temple adjacent to my palace AKA 170
us-su sa Esagila 5R 66 i 12, cf. ibid. 16 (Anti- r. 1, cf. bit Enlil u Ninurta ina qerebsu ad-di
ochus I); referring to a wall: ug-s -s4i la id- Iraq 14 33:55 (both Asn.); DIS ina E NA na-di-i
du-4 7 [muntalki] did not the seven sages lay if during the erecting of a man's house
its foundation? Gilg. I i 19, cf. XI 305; enima CT 41 2 K.6765+ r. 7; summa bitu nalbanatta
usg-i kuri sa abni SUB-du-[u] Oppenheim Glass SUB-di (see nalbanatta) CT 38 12:77 (both
32 Introduction 1; with temennu: ser pil SB Alu); with parakku: na-de-e parakke
temensu ad-di-ma (referring to a wall) BBSt. No. 36 iii 1; id-du-sum-ma parak rubdti
OIP 2 111 vii 67 (Senn.); temenna sudti di'u En. el. IV 1; ekiam la SUB.MES parakkuki
parakku adi sitta ziqqurretisu ad-di-ma CT 34 where are your (Istar's) daises not erected?
33 iii 2 (Nbn.); with isdu: isid biti n[a-du-u] STC 2 pl. 75:16; ekurra epuSma parak ili ...
(see idu mng. la) KAR 44:2; with libittu: ina libbi SvB-di I built a temple and erected
where no rubble had ever been piled and in it a dais for the great gods Unger Bel-harran-
SIG 4.MES la na-da-at no brickwork had beli-ussur 12; ana muhhi na-de-e sa parakki
(ever) been laid Weidner Tn. 28 No. 16:97, cf. ki illikunu YOS 3 161:5 (NB let.); paramdha
CT 13 35:3, in lex. section, cf. eli temenna ana rimit Istar ... ad-di I erected a grand
labiru ad-da-a libnassu VAB 4 264 i 33, cf. also dais for IStar as a dwelling place Weidner
240 iii 3 (Nbn.); SUB-e libitti 4R 33 iii 26, and Tn. 17 No. 8:23; with mastaku: mastak Sar
passim in hemer.; if a man digs up the panitu ... [ad]-di Thompson Esarh. pl. 14 i 54
foundation of a house SIGa vUB-ma lays a (Asb.); referring to a stela: salam Ea-Sarru
brick (and a falcon passes over him from left salam Adad ... lu-z ad-di AKA 346 ii 135
to right) CT 40 48:29f.; Sina nadabakku ina (Asn.); with ekallu: ekal Sarritija ina qerebga
muhhi biti a-nam-da I will lay two courses ad-di AKA 176 r. 13 (Asn.); exceptionally used
of bricks atop the house CT 22 217:23 (NB elliptically: see agar Janimmaid-di, inala ass
let.), cf. ibid. 25, cited gisallu usage b; igdra Sa matigu id-di SBH 70 No. 39: 5ff., in lex. section.
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nadi 2b nadt 2c
3' to build a fortress, a town, a nest, etc.: time the enemy was encamped against the city
2 dldni ina muhhi Puratti ad-di I built two Strassmaier, Actes du 8e CongrBs International
towns on the Euphrates (one on the near side No. 6:44 (NB); ina MN ina libbi Assur SUB-di
and one on the far side) AKA 360 iii 49 Wiseman Chron. 56:16 (Fall of Nineveh), cf. ina
(Asn.), cf. 2 birdti ahu ana ahi ad-di-ma Lie muhhi ummdni sar Akkadi ... id-di-ma
Sar. p. 48:3, also 10 URU birdti danndti ibid. 20, ina muhhi Assur it-ta-di ibid. 26,
limessu ad-di-ma Lie Sar. 216, GN GN 2 GN 3 also 35, 68; the army sa ina GN na-du-u
... ad-di-ma ibid. 219; RN ina GN lu isirsu ibid. 66:3, ina muhhi GN SuB-ma ibid. 72 r. 12,
7 dlani battubattesu lu ad-di I hemmed in and note ina GN ... karassu id-di ibid.
RN in GN and established seven towns 66:20, cf. ibid. 25; PN ... ki isqd ina muhhi
around him KAH 2 84:63 (Adn. II), cf. ibid. 55; GN it-ta-di the governor of the Sealand
ta-ad-di Urik i Perry Sin No. 5a:13; referring marched upstream and encamped against Ur
to a gate: Li-bur-na-du-si May-Its-Builder- CT 34 50 iii 40 (Bab. Chron.); the Assyrian army
Prosper (name of a gate of Babylon) SBH ina muhhi RN SUB.MES BHT pl. 1:15 (Esarh.
p. 142 No. V ii 10; referring to a weir:
mihra Chron.), see Grayson Chronicles 126, cf. it-ta-
sa ina nari na-du-u BE 17 12:13, cf. ibid. 11 du-u (in broken context) BHT pl. 11 i 17 (Nbn.
(MB let.); referring to a tomb: KI.MAIH SUB- Chron.); see also karasu A mng. la, madaktu
[mal KAR 411:3 (iqqur ipu); referring to a mng. la.
causeway: (silver) ana na-du-u4 a ti-tur
CT 49 156:10 (= ZA 3 145 No. 5);referring to 5' to establish a garden: summa a'llu ina
a nest: kima issri qinni ana kdpi sa Sade egli Ja [a'ili] kird id-di if a man establishes
sUB.MES-ni (see kdpu A usage a) AKA 276 i 65 a garden in another man's field KAV 2 v 14
(Asn.); uncert.: e-lal-la-a paras ilitiSunu (Ass. Code B § 12), cf. ibid. 20 (§ 13).
rabiti ina qerebsu ad-di I erected an elalld
6' to set up a threshing floor: x barley
object inside it (the temple) as prescribed KI.UD sa ahitamma ad-du-u addis I threshed
by their (the gods') sacred rites AKA 99 vii
on the threshing floor which I had set up
108 (Tigl. I).
nearby A 3524:22 (OB let.).
4' to pitch camp: as you heard mdtum c) to place in storage, to deposit in an

dalhat u nakrum ina mdtim na-di-i the account, to use gold or silver for an object -
country is perturbed and the enemy is 1' to place in storage, to deposit in an
pitching camp in the country TCL 17 27:6 account - a' in OA: mimma subdti anni=
(OB let.), cf. (in broken context) [...] ina [u]tum ina ekallim na-du-ni all these textiles
libbi KALAM-ka na-di YOS 10 18:28 (OB ext.); have been deposited in the palace TuM 1
inuma istu GN issuhuma ina dimdtim sa 25e: 11; send me your report about subdti
mehret GN, E.HI.A-su-nu na-di-a when they mala ana bit kdrim ta-ta-di-u all the textiles
(the Kassites) decamped from Kar-Sama which you have deposited at one time or
and they were encamped in the district another at the office of the kdru BIN 4
that faces Sippar BE 6/2 136:4 (OB); at the 14:12; x kaspam ... bit kdrim a-[t]a-di-
water wells at-ta-ad(var. omits -ad)-di us: m[a] RA 59 44 MAH 16293:17; note in
manni I built my camp Streck Asb. 72 viii contrast with leqg: 1 subdtam damqam
103, etc.; ultu nakru ina muhhini na-du-u ilgqma 1 matiam i-di-i TCL 19 73:37; kaspum
ever since the enemy has been encamped iStu umim ammem kanikma ina GN na-di
against us ABL 210:11, cf. emiiqu lirub ina the silver has been sealed since that day and
muhhi dlini lid-du-4 ABL 1237 r. 18; add ina deposited in Kanis CCT 4 14a: 24, cf. kaspam
muhhi idri ana tarsi ahdme na-du-4 now sa na-da-i-im i-di deposit what silver there
they are encamped along the river facing is to deposit JCS 14 14 1933.1045:18f., cf.
each other ABL 280 r. 23 (all NB); ina iimu URUDU ina AsSur ina babtim na-di Edzard
s2ma nakru ina muhhi dli na-di-ma at that Toll ed-Der 190:12; anni~am la ta-na-di-a-nim
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nadu 2c nadf 2c
kaspam kunkama ebilanim do not deposit ... sa anasapartimna-dd-at-ni CCT 4 35b: 13;
(it) there, seal and send me the silver RA 58 sapartum na-ad-a-at BIN 4 4:12; tuppam ana
127 Sch. 22:30, cf. kaspum mimma la na-di-i sapartimi-di-i he has deposited a tablet as a
ICK 1 1:12 and passim; note stative with the pledge CCT 3 42b:7f.; mimma Saddu'atam la
depositor as subject: naphar x kaspam na- ta-na-di-a do not deposit any Saddu'utu due
ad-a-ti-nu you (pl.) deposited, all in all, x RA 60 111 MAH 19615:17, of. TCL 14 26:7, etc.,
silver BIN 4 33:16, cf. ina x kaspim sa bit also Saddu'assu irraminijaa-di-i CCT 5 41a: 5;
kdrim na-dd-ku-ni from the silver which I nishdtisu leqeama ... nishtiSu i-dd (see
deposited in the office of the kdru ibid. 4, nisihtu mng. 4a) TCL 19 68:13; x copper
also RA 59 44 MAH 16293:4; 10 kutani ina PN ana PN2 ana be'uldtim i-di ICK 1 10:14;
bit kdrim na-ad-a-ku BIN 4 160: 20, also saltdtija id-a CCT 5 46a: 24 (courtesy M. T. Lar-
TuM 1 27b:9, CCT 2 30:20, TCL 21 211:57, etc.; sen); subdti isser tamkdrim ... ana iime
kaspam mala na-ad-a-ku-ni supranim CCT 4 id-a entrust the textiles to a merchant for
2b:39; x tin itu Zalpa adi Kdnis na- a certain length of time CCT 2 4b: 13, cf.
dd-ku BIN 4 116:5; awdtim mala PN CCT 5 5a:23, and passim with ina .sri; with ana
i-di-i,-su-ni OIP 27 62:18; summa ana seri, ana libbi to add to: silver a-se-er sim
qdtija i-ta-du-im tahassah if you wish to subdti i-na-di CCT 1 41a: 15, cf. emdram a-se-er
make a deposit as my share TCL 19 51:22, luqgtijapanitimi-di-su CCT 4 42c: 13; x silver
cf. ana qdtika ana bit kdrim a-di-i CCT 4 a-li-bi4 kaspim sa PN ni-di-ma CCT 2 24:15,
23a:21, also subdti ... a-qd-ti abini i-dd cf. TCL 14 9:17, KTS 21b: 24, etc.; with ina libbi
Hecker Giessen 30:19, kutani a-qd-ti-a na-da- (a claim) against someone: x weriam dammu
im ana PN din TCL 4 19:26, qd-ti i-ta-di-ma qam illibbi abika abuni i-di-i our father has
Kienast ATHE 31:28, ana nikkassija qd-ti i-ta- established a claim concerning x refined
di-a HUCA 39 11 L 29-558:17 and dupl. BIN 4 copper against your father MVAG 33 No.
53:17, etc., qdtam jattamma i-ta-di TCL 14 246:20, cf. kaspam ina libbija PN i-di-ma PN
15:26; tamlidt qdtim sa abini ta-di-ma TCL 20 charged me with the silver (and you are
90:31; note kaspam u subdti qd-tam Saklultam told to pay it out in GN) CCT 2 19a:7, etc.
li-di-i BIN 4 37:23, cf. qd-tid aklultam i-ta-di-i
ibid. 23:25; qd-tdm sa-lim-ta-ma ... na-di b' in OB, Mari: x silver da ana ah4tim
TCL 20 90:22; x silver ana nikkassija na-ad- na-du-u which was set aside CT 45 21:28,
a-ku I put down on my account CCT 1 38b :3, cf. [...] x kaspam it-ta-di-i VAS 16 200:9;
cf. subdtii mala ana nikkassija ta-ta-di-a-ni kunukkum ... a ina pisannim na-du-?' seal
CCT 4 2b: 38, qd-ti ana nikkassi i-ta-di ibid. cylinder which was deposited in a basket
la: 36; kaspum mahrika na-di-ma CCT 3 TCL 10 120:26, cf. [a tablet?] ina GI.PIAN.
8b: 27; the balance of our copper i-pd- DUB.BA-ia id-da-ma birammasibilam UCP 9
ni-ia ld-di-ma CCT 4 3a:24, cf. i-pd-ni-a 358 No. 27:13; fre'uml ... ina pani sab
a-na-di-ma attallak TCL 4 104 r. 4', i-pd- nakrim ina kidi ana na-de-e ul natu because
ni-su li-di-a-M-ma BIN 6 177:11, cf. also of the enemy army, it is not appropriate to
CCT 4 3a:34; silver for your three kutdnu store the barley outside (the town) TCL 1 8:8;
textiles ina raminija a-di TCL 20 107: 31, of. se'um ... ina ahardtim na-di ARM 2 80:11;
TCL 431:13, TCL 14 44:28, CCT 2 34:15, CCT 3 ZiD.BUR.KAL si ina libbi GN na-di ARM 10
1:35, ICK 2 314:5, etc.; ali subdti ta-di-a-ni 27:7.
mehrdtim ta-ta-na-di wherever you deposited
textiles, in every instance you should deposit c' in EA, Bogh., Nuzi: ad-di kaspiunu
the corresponding amounts (of silver) TCL 14 EA 85:30; obscure (Akkadogram in Hitt.):
32: 13f.; unitam mimma aapartimla a-di-a- NI-ID-DI (in contrast to NI-IL-QI line 15) Giiter-
ki-im I have not deposited any utensil as a bock Siegel 1 p. 50 text 4: 16; PN stole two kids
pledge for you (fem.) TCL 21 266:29, also ibid. ina pitqidu i-it-ta-a-di and placed (them) in
21, and dupl. CCT 5 17a:19 and 27; iSten suam his own fold JEN 343:7.
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nadd 2d nadi 2d
d' in SB and kudurrus: makkiru mala ina prison, an animal in a cage - 1' to put a
tarbas bit ameli SUB-ui all the property put in person or animal in fetters or apply other
the yard of a man's house LKA 120:13, see Or. restraints: see biritu mng. 4b-2' and 3',
NS 39 142; unit ili mala ibass4 u unfit mare hargullu usage b, is qdti usage b, maskanu
ummdni SvB-di-ma tereqqamma you put mng. 5, serretu mng. Ib, sissu; [...] si-me-
down all the utensils of the gods there and re-e ni-nam-du-si-ma we will throw her into
also the tools of the craftsmen, and withdraw fetters ABL 1105: 16, cf. HAR parzilli ... sa
BBR No. 31-37 ii 9; 1 MA kaspa 1 MA hurasa PN qalla sa PN 2 na-du-u ZA 4 144 No. 17:4,
ana [... ] sa Marduk u Sarpanitui-na[m]-fdil si-me-re-e parzilli id-du-us-si Cyr. 281:3,
(as a fine) he deposits one mina of silver and cf. YOS 6 222:11, PN sa x si-me-ri na-du-ti
one mina of gold upon the [lap(?)] of DN and TCL 13 154:2 (all NB); ina pija na-ah-bal
DN, BBSt. No. 30 r. 7. na-di-ma a snare is laid in my mouth
Lambert BWL 42:84 (Ludlul II); ina pi girra
e' in NB: ki uttata sa MU.13.KAM ina dkilija id-di nap-sa-ma DN Marduk put a
bitija ta-ad-du-u when you deposited the feed bag on the mouth of the lion about to
barley for the year 13 in my house Dar. devour me Lambert BWL 56 line q (Ludlul
358:8; barley which PN, the royal commissary Comm.); note referring to animals: kima
of Eanna, and PN,, the scribe of Eanna Zsur ... sa na-du-i4 um-man-nu like bulls
imsuhma ina karam ... id-du-i had measured put in hobbles OIP 2 45 v 88 (Senn.), cf. ul-li
and deposited on the pile AnOr 8 64:7, cf. kalbi ad-di-ju-ma Streck Asb. 80 ix 108; see
uttata musuhma akanna i-da-' YOS 3 137:34; also Lambert BWL 257 vi 7, in lex. section.
barley ana kalakku ... na-da-a-tu4 Nbn.
629:7, cf. 559:8, etc.; uttatu sa ina E ruq-qu 2' to put a person in prison: the palace
(for rugbi) na-da-a VAS 6 248:1 and (with ina seized PN and ana kisersim i-di Kienast
qaritu) 72:3; pi[lu] sa ina biti na-du- (to ATHE 62:32 (OA); the Cuthean Sa ina
be sold) TCL 9 123:23, cf. tibnu ina bitika sibittim na-du-u Laessoe Shemshara Tablets 40
la ad-du-u ibid. 138:32; note beside nasu SH 887:46; ina sibittim na-di-a-ku Or. NS 40
"to withdraw": uttatu mala issi ... ultatu 398 r. 4 (OAkk. let.); PN ina nupdri it-ta-ta-an-
mala ina libbi id-du-u TCL 12 70:10, cf. YOS 3 ni AASOR 16 3:41; ina bit nupdri i-te-su-nu-ti
107:16, 118:25; seven vats of fine beer sa HSS 19 2 left edge 4; ana PN la hubbuldkumi u
ina bit PN na-du-u Dar. 495:4, of. (referring to ana zi-hi it-ta-an-ni-mi u ana 2 um ina zi-hi
ka) BE 8 102:5, etc. na-ta-ku-mi I do not owe anything to PN
and yet he threw me into prison(?) and I
2' to use (lit. put in) gold (or silver) for remained in prison(?) for two days AASOR
an object (EA only): one chariot whose .... 16 73:6 and 8, cf. dajdni PN ana 1 alpi ana
(parts) are all of gold 320 GfN hurdsu sa ina zi-hi na-ti-su ... it-ta-du-us the judges
libbiSu na-du-u 320 shekels is the gold that sentenced PN to pay one bull for his throwing
has been used for it EA 22 i 3, also ibid. 14, 37; him (PN2 , the wronged man) into prison(?)
one whip coated with gold 5 GIN hurdsu ina ibid. 32, note that ana zi-hi nadd is replaced
libbidu na-di ibid. 6, and passim in this list, by i-na u-si-ur-ti it-ti-ju-mi ibid. 12 (all Nuzi);
also EA 25 ii 28, 33, 35, and passim in this list; [summa] ana xI.SI na-du-u ina KI.SU ussi
note (two objects KU.GI.GAR) 6 GiN KI.GI 4 if he is thrown into prison, he will get out of
GIN Kir.BABBAR ina libbiSunu na-di EA 22 i 8 prison Dream-book 329 r. ii 25; see also
and 11, also iii 4, etc.; (one object KIT.BABBAR. sibittu in bit sibitti usage a, kilu in bit kili
OAR) 40 GiN KU.BABBAR ina libbidu na-di usage a.
ibid. iii 11 f., etc.
3' to put an animal in a cage: 50 murdni
d) to put a person or animal in fetters or neAi ... ina E eser lu ad-di-Si-nu (see esru B
apply other restraints, to put a person in in bit eseri) AKA 202 iv 32 (Asn.).
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e) to write, to put down in writing, to he drew a star and (wrote) curses on his hand
make a drawing, to impress a seal: tahsistam YOS 6 79:15, of. (with marru and qan tuppi)
sa sibika i-di-i write a memorandum con- BE 8 106:10 (all NB).
cerning your witnesses CCT 5 17c:13, cf.
tahsistaka ld-di TCL 20 100:10, cf. TCL 4 f) to paint, to smear, to color: x paint
22:36, BIN 4 13:25, and passim; Sa i-GN tahsisti (sindu) ana ersi sa PN ... GIS.HiUR ana na-
na-da-at-ni KT Blanckertz 10:6, note hamus dc-e (see ersu mng. la-3') BE 14 74:5 (MB);
tam ammakam ina tahsistim i-di-ma ... (the hide to be tanned) ina himeti alpi elli u
annakam tuppi luput there, in the memo- riqqe... svB-di you smear with the fat of a
randum, put down the hamustu (date) and pure bull and perfumes (and various types
here, write a tablet for me (when you come) of flour) RAcc. 14 ii 24.
CCT 4 8b:22, of. ina tahsistim i-di-su-nu
g) to line (a container, a mat), to overlay
CCT 2 13:17 (all OA); eqlam ... u kakkaratim
(an object): see (for mats and containers)
ana mudasi at-ta-di I put down the field and
Hh. VIII 330, 331, 332, also Hh. IX 38, 40, 66f.,
the (uncultivated) plots on the list CT 4
69-69a, in lex. section, also (for objects
19a: 22 (OB let.); mithartum ina libbi mithartam
overlaid with ivory) Hh. IV 145 and 207.
ad-di mithar[tum]sa ad-du-4 mithartamimmid
a square - within (it) I drew a square, the h) to assign, consign, to plan: ana
(second) square which I drew touches the bztdt nukaribbe a qdtija LU Kakmi u LU
(first) square TMB 54 No. 105: If., ibid. 4, and Arraphum it-ta-du-' they have assigned
u
passim in math. in such contexts; n n mihirsu people from GN and GN 2 to the encampment
i-di inscribe n and its equivalent n ibid. 115 of the gardeners under my command OLZ
No. 215:21, also 117 No. 216:20 and MCT 129 1915 169:9, cf. inuma ... awile Suniti id-du-u
Ua 11, also Sumer 6 134 r. 5 and 10, Sumer 18 ibid. 12; asar elisa tabu bissa i-na-di-i she
pl. 3 after p. 14:4 and 13; the gods whose assigns her estate to whom she wishes
names are mentioned (in the inscription) Meissner BAP 7:27; PN is no stranger to the
subatusunu na-da-a and whose thrones are house ana bitisu mamman la ta-na-ad-di
depicted (on the kudurru) MDP 4 pl. 16 ii 7; do not assign anyone (else) to his house (do
[a]t-ta-di binasa I drew its (the ark's) plan not make any claims against his house)
Gilg. XI 56, cf. ad-di la-an-si (see Idnu TIM 2 134:8; obscure: ezib da-aq-qd-tim sa
usage c) ibid. 59; [sirti] bini tuB-di you awiltum ana PN id-du-u UET 5 686:10, cf. x
draw a circle with tamarisk (contrast nad silver sa PN nikkassam ana awiltim id-du-u
"to remove" the surtu) BBR No. 75-78:22, ibid. 5; kurummat suhdrtim na-da-am aqbikim
No. 83 ii 4, etc.; papan libbisa agi i-ta-ad-du TCL 18 123:15; apart from x land Sa(?) ana
MIO 1 72 iii 50, cf. agi i-ta-ad-da-at ibid. 74 birisunu ana zdzim na-du-4 that is assigned
iv 18, see agu B mng. 2; qarnusu ana 3-sh to be divided among them (later on) TCL 11
unqdti i-ta-ad-da-a on his horns are drawn 218:17, see Matous, ArOr 17/2 172, cf. ezib x
many rings in three rows(?) ibid. 72 iii 57 kaspim aim sa ana dinim ana birisunu na-
(description of representations of demons); amatu du-i (see biri mng. Ib) TCL 11 173:13 (all OB);
annitu ki gissi ina libbikunu lu na-da-a-ta hiritu [s]a bell i-na-da-as-su lipus he should
may this word be written upon your heart do the digging which my lord is assigning to
as if (with) a thorn ZA 43 18:68 (SB lit.); him BE 17 3:28, cf. ibid. 43 (MB let.); the
summa ina putisu GiRpat-rum ina elis/saplis fortresses which RN PN [it-t]a-ad-di-su
SUB-di if a dagger is drawn upward/downward assigned to PN KBo 1 1 r. 30 (treaty); minums
on his forehead Kraus Texte 6:73f. (physiogn.); me eqliti ... PN ni-it-ta-di JEN 644:11, see
uttatu 'a ina dipirtu na-da-tu4 300 said barley H. Lewy, Or. NS 11 338; dumuq libbi lid-da-a
is written down in the document as (amount- ana libbika let them (the daughters of Anu)
ing to) three hundred (gur) CT 22 76:31; assign happiness to your heart Biggs
kakkabti u arrdti ina muhhi rittisu it-ta-di Baziga p. 18:4; ana mtiitu a-na-ad-di-ka
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I will expose you to death ABL 416:3 (NB); me to pay PN one bull as a fine JEN 138:16;
he who ina (var. ana) mi-si (var. me-se) dajcnu PN ana 1 alpi ana zi-hi na-ti-Su anaPN2
i-na-du-u (see miu A) AOB 1 64:39 (Adn. I); it-ta-du-us (see mng. 2d-2') AASOR 16 73:33;
lemutta it-ta-di ina karSiSa she made a wicked Summa la utar isabbatuunu ina ta-lu-uh-li
plan En. el. I 44; whatever the men tell you i-na-an-du-Su if he does not return (it) they
ina muhhi libbika la ta-nam-di do not take will arrest him and sentence him (to serve)
to heart YOS 3 161:25 (NB let.); in a with the taluhlu men HSS 14 639:11.
personal name: 1-Ul-i-na-di PBS 8/1 24 ii 8,
VAS 9 154:16, Gautier Dilbat 12 r. 12, 33 r. 14,
j) to accuse, to charge with a crime: if a
man informs against another nertam elidu
and see Stamm Namengebung 231 n. 4; tuppu Sa
id-di-ma and accuses him of a capital crime
ill4 ana hepi na-di any tablet that is produced
CH § 1:29; kispi eli awilim id-di-ma if he
will be consigned to destruction MDP 24
accuses him of witchcraft CH § 2:35, of. ibid.
387:15, cf. MDP 23 275:12, and note [ana]hepe
38, 51; Surqum ina muhhika na-a-di you
ta-da-a-at MDP 22 160:40; tuppu sit ... ana
have been accused of theft Kraus AbB 1
he-pi na-da-at KAJ 142:15 (MA leg.), Iraq 30
95:14 (OB let.); lu.dug 4 .dug4 .ga nu.me.a
177 TR 3001:10, also ibid. 178 TR 3002:9, wr.
im.ri.a. e mu.un.sub.ba : sa la qabitam
ana kept na-ta-at ibid. 181 TR 3012:12, JCS 7
eli ahi i-na-ad-du- one who charges his
127 No. 18:11; for ana hupti nad see huptu C
fellow with unspeakable (crimes) Lambert
usage b; ana habalim la ta-na-di-is do not
BWL 119:9f.
expose her to unjust treatment PBS 7 5:14,
cf. mimmija ana ga-za-ri-i ta-at-ta-na-ad-di k) to inflict a disease, a calamity, etc.:
(obscure) CT 4 36a:18 (both OB letters); ina Sarrussu liskip ana mdtisu huSahha li-id-di
pi karale na-di aradka AfO 19 59:153 (SB), may he (gama§) overthrow his royal rule and
and see kara4 usage c. inflict a famine on his country AOB 1 50:76,
cf. ibid. No. 2:10 (Arik-den-ili), also ibid. 66:62 and
i) to sentence a person - 1' in OB
passim in Adn. I, 142:31 and passim in Shalm. I;
Alalakh: (he went to court declaring: one
sunqa bubitahusahhamitdnu anamdtisu lid-di
hundred sheep and ten head of cattle from
AKA 108 viii 86 (Tigl. I); su-um-qa bubita u
my father's estate were not paid out) mahar
nibritu u huahha ana mdtisu li-du-u AKA 252
RN Sarri irubuma 1 meat UDU.HI.A 10 GUD.
v 96 (Asn.); dilih ramanisu na-di-i-Su confu-
1I.A ina muhhi PN it-tu-z they went before
sion of mind will be inflicted upon him AfO
king RN and they sentenced PN to pay one
18 65 ii 19 (OB omens); ilum eli awilim dilham
hundred sheep (and) ten head of cattle
i-na-di YOS 10 47:31 (OB behavior of sacrificial
Wiseman Alalakh 9:11, cf. (the one hundred
lamb); adirdt nakrim ina libbi ummdnija
sheep, etc.) Sa RN Sarru ina muhhi PN id-du-'
na-da-a the dread of the enemy has affected
PN ina imi annim ... ipul ibid. 15.
my army YOS 10 46 iv 40 (OB ext.); ilu u
2' in Nuzi: dajdnu PN ana 1 alpi ana PN IStar tes~ta eli ummdnija 8§B-di god and
it-ta-du the judges sentenced PN to (give) goddess will inflict confusion on my army
one bull to PN2 RA 23 148 No. 28:34 and BRM 4 13:31 (MB ext.); sri ilputu ra'iba
passim, also it-ta-[du]-us ibid. 150 No. 37:9; id-du-'-4 they touched my body and afflicted
ki liSdni tuppi riksi ... ana 1 MA.NA kaspi 1 (it) with convulsions(?) Lambert BWL 42:63
MA.NA hurasi dajdnu ana PN u ana PN it-ta- (Ludlul II), cf. [...] puluhtaa i-da-a eliSa
du-us JEN 385:40, cf. ana 1 MA.NA mull Maqlu VIII 43; bussu hipi libbi SvB-Si
... ana jdi it-ta-du-uA JEN 466:6; dajdn BBR No. 11 and 18:12; ina pan mar rube
PN ana 30 Kir.BABBAR.ME§ anaPN, id-da-tu-ud na-di Si-iA-.u ZA 43 17:53 (SB lit.); if he (the
HSS 5 52:30; ana 1 MA.NA kaspi 1 MA.NA debtor) does not deliver (the bricks) 1 MA.NA
furCsi kadid ana na-a-te-e JEN 361:40; note kaspa kimu mititu u iq-bi Ja ina muhi PN
issabtunimi 1 alpu ... ana PN at-ta-ti-im-mi na-du-u PN, ... ana PN inandin PN, (who
ana mull they seized me and he(!) sentenced had assumed the warranty) will pay PN one
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mina of silver for the loss and the belated 2' tears: if a man's eyes dimta STB.SUB-a
delivery(?) which was inflicted upon PN (the tear constantly CT 23 23:3, cf. summa indu
creditor) TuM 2-3 108:11 (NB). dimta SB.UB Labat TDP 48 D ii 7.
1) to place in an inclined position, to tilt: 3' blood: dama ina appiu S B.SUB he
[ti-ib-nu] TI-tenit (i.e., wr. with sign inclined bleeds constantly from his nose Iraq 19
to the right) = ti-ib-n[i Sa] ana si-[l]i-si na- 40 i 16; KI UH- dama SUB.SUB he keeps
du-u straw which has been tilted on its side spitting blood with his spittle AMT 45,6:9,
A II/3 Section D ii 13, also Ea II 100; lessu ana also Kuchler Beitr. pl. 12 iv 34, also dame rrB.
kutallisu aj id-di (see kutallu mng. 3a) MES-a AMT 83,1 r. 17; dama ina pisu SUB.
Kocher BAM 248 iii 45, of. Kraus Texte 22 iv 19, SUB-a Labat TDP 66:66, also 82:21, ina pigu
also, wr. §UB.~UB- ibid. 24:9; sa ina dabds dama peld SUB-a ibid. 154 r. 13; umma amelu
bisu G1r-su SUB.SUB- ibid. 24:7; summa <damu> ina suburriu. ... SB.SUB-a (see
kiSdssu imna u Sumela SUB.rUB-di if he nahdatu usage b) Kocher BAM 99:42, of.
always tilts his head (lit. neck) to the right ibid. 19, also, wr. UB-a ibid. 100:2; if he is
or left (followed by SUB.SUB-ut, i.e., imta struck on the head and dama da'ma SUB.
(na)qqut) Labat TDP 82:14, also ibid. 26, also SUB-a Labat TDP 26:78, and see da'mu usage a;
qaqqassu STB-di ibid. 60:44', of. ibid. 45'f. adamata SUB.TUB-a (see adamatu B) ibid.
3. to excrete, discharge saliva, mucus, 64:47; if a pregnant woman Barka ina pi-su
tears, blood, feces, semen, vomit, sweat, to SUB.SUB-a constantly discharges "white
produce a feature or formation on the exta, blood" from her mouth ibid. 208: 83.
in oil used for divination, etc. - a) to ex- 4' feces: if a bird issi u zeu SUB-di cries
crete, discharge saliva, mucus, tears, blood, and defecates CT 39 30:65, cf. if a horse
feces, etc. - 1' saliva, mucus, etc.: sua'lam neighs in front of a ruler kabissu SUB and
it-ta-da-a they (the women) constantly cough defecates CT 40 36:56 (both SB Alu), for
up mucus PBS 1/2 72:19 (MB let.); if a man
other refs. see kabd usage a.
su'alam pesd sUB.MES coughs up white
mucus AMT 50,3:1 and 6; if a man's teeth 5' semen: enima SindteSu idattinu ri-hu-su
hurt him u 1u-su UB-di and he discharges sUB-a when he urinates he discharges semen
saliva Labat TDP 60 r. 35, cf. if his mouth Kocher BAM 112 i 17.
hurts him and ru'ussu SUB-di ibid. 64:44,
also UH-su ina SUB-e ibid. 48 E i 10; TH 6' vomit: if he cannot retain the food he
magal SUB.MES Kiichler Beitr. pl. 14 i 27; ips has eaten ina piu UB.nUB-a but throws it
pzja ru-i-tum na-da-at MDP 28 405:15f.; up constantly Labat TDP 162:53; uncert.:
ru-u'-du na-du-u K.9471:9; ru'tam id-du-2 unahhasama SUB-a Kocher BAM 159 ii 24, 27.
elu tiddi they (the Igigi) spat upon the clay 7' sweat: zu-us-su ... [l]i-di-i KBo 1 12
Lambert-Millard Atra-hasis 58 I 234 (OB), also r.(!) 14, see Ebeling, Or. NS 23 214.
ru-t[a ta]-ta-di eli tiddiSa ibid. 60 K.3399+10097
iii 4, see p. xii,
AfO 8 180:36 (Asb.); 3-9 4mi-su
cf. [ad]-di ru-'-tu elenuSSu
ana KA-Su
SUB AMT 53,7:7, ru'ussu ana ndri vUB-ma
b) to produce a feature or formation on
the exta, in oil used for divination, etc., (in
the stative) to have a feature, a spot -
magir KAR 178 vi 29 (hemer.); liq pIu Sdbul 1' in ext.: teretum ... alma [gi-i]r gumim
la-ga-a SUB.SUB (see lagd'u) Labat TDP 64:54; i-ta-ad-da-a the exta are propitious, they
ki neSim ruputi elika ad-di I spit foam are full of features (predicting) fame ARM 1
against you like a (raging) lion RA 36 10:6 60:26; [... q]S pesjtim i-ta-ad-[di-at] CT 44
(Akk.-Hurr. bil.); if a dog [ana] pan amli 37 r. 12f.; umma [... l]ipiam i-ta-du-u
nu- a SvB-di CT 38 50:46 (SB Alu); for imta YOS 10 42 i 19 (OB); Jumma amiitu SA
nad4 see Kagal D Section 10: 10, in lex. sec- TrB.AUB-at TCL 6 1 r. 14, also BABBAR SUB.
tion. UTBs-at ibid. 13 (SB); 2 talll p.am na-du-u
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YOS 10 42 ii 57; summa BI.RI (= tulimum) with red and black ACh Supp. 61:8; (if the
smam i-ta-ad-du RA 67 42:32 (all OB); if body) bubuhta alimta/lsmtait-ta-di produces
the right/left kidney nu-um-ri SUB.MES is black/red boils AMT 92,4 r. 8f. + 92,9 ii 9;
full of white spots KAR 152 r. 9 and 10, also, summa awilum sdrassu pu-sa-am na-di-a-at-
wr. UD SB.SUB-di CT 31 45 Sm. 236:5, cf. ma if a man's hair has a white streak
(referring to UR 5 ) SIG7 SUB.ME§ KAR 422:8; AfO 18 66 ii 39, cf. if a man's garment
note: [BABBAR kima] ajarti SUB.ME§ CT 20 (subatu) pu-sa-am i-t[a-ad-du] ibid. 65 ii 6;
15 K.6848:6, and see ajartu usage a; sulmum if the body of a man nu-uq-di i-ta-ad-du
lariam na-fdil YOS 10 61:4 (OB), cf. padanu ibid. 66 ii 43 (OB physiogn.).
... PA AB-di CT 20 45 ii 24 (SB); if the gall
bladder looks kima tigitalli agaim [... ] ti-tu- 4' other occs.: if a well is opened mifa
ra-tim i-ta-da-a-at like the tigitallu ornament hamma na-du-u and its water is covered
of a crown [...] is covered with titurru- with algae CT 39 22:7; if the river water
shaped ornaments YOS 10 59:9 (OB); if the bubu'tu SUB.ME§ ibid. 14:13 (both SB Alu);
right/left kidney sarsarriSUB.MES-at KAR (the eyes of the patient) ki me hiriti alap4
152 r. 13f.; if the gall bladder on the right na-du-U Kiichler Beitr. pl. 2 ii 22; sarbatu
and left tajdrati UB.MES-at CT 28 48 kabbarta ... sa kisra la na-du-u thick poplar
K.182+ r. 7; if the right and left vertebrae (wood) that has no knots Oppenheim Glass
tal-la SUB.MES CT 31 49 r. 25 (all SB ext.). 32 Introduction A 11 and B 18; patarni ina la
tabahi it-t[a-d]i Su-uh-tu our dagger became
2' in oil omens: summa 2 SILIM id-di-a-am- covered with verdigris from not (being used
ma la mithfru if it (the oil) produces two for) slaughtering Cagni Erra I 91; adi kima
openings(?) and they are of uneven size ziqip patri ... sssu na-a-di the mountain
CT 3 3:34f., etc., also 3 SILIM mithdrutim has a peak sharp like the point of a dagger
it-ta-di-a-am ibid. 37; summa samnum sulma AKA 270 i 49 (Asn.); summa katarrusirsi it-ta-
id-di-a-am-ma YOS 10 58 r. 7f., etc.; if the oil na-an-di-a-am (see sirsu) CT 40 18:86 (SB Alu).
ana sit Sami nekemta i-di-a-[am] YOS 10
57:26f.; anaqabliatmeiu kakkabam id-di-a-am 4. to become downcast, dejected, to
the oil produces a star(like design) toward the collapse, to hang down - a) to become
middle of the water CT 5 5:31. downcast, dejected: ina sattim an-ni-<<im>-
tim ina napistim na-di-a-ku qdti sabat this
3' in med., physiogn., etc.: summa amilu year I am dejected in my soul, help me!
sinnadu urqa ATB-a if a man's teeth are TCL 18 123:20, see also mng. lc-6', also istu
discolored with green spots AMT 31,6:6, cf. ITI.1.KAM marsakuma na-di-a-ku Kraus AbB 1
Seriiu pusa sulma SUB-u (if) his flesh is 18:11, ana PN na-di-a-ku TIM 2 21:6; pagri
covered with black and white spots AMT na-di [ald]kam ul ele'i UCP 9 338 No. 14:15;
15,3:16, wr. UZU.ME- U ur-qd it-ta-du-u
3 suhdru pagriiunu na-du-u TIM 2 84:13;
Labat TDP 218:5; panuSu BABBAR U SIG7 ammini ramanda ... id-di-i Fish Letters 6:8
SUB.SUB-u (if) his face is full of white and (all OB); ina napistim na-de-ku AIPHOS 15
green spots Labat TDP 72:8, cf. serdnusu 19:55 (Mari let.); ina napistim na-di mdd[i]
SIG7 SUB- ibid. 154 r. 19, and note, wr. ur-qd marus ARM 1 115:12; marsdku abkdku na-da-
it-ta-du-ni ibid. 20; if the veins on a small ku nass[aku] I am sick, upset, depressed, sad
child's abdomen SAg 5 SIGa SUB-u ibid. 220:32,
Schollmeyer No. 21:25.
and passim in this text; summa si-rip-ta-su
id-di-a-am-ma i si-rip-ta-[...] PBS 2/2 b) to collapse, to hang down: meretica
104:11 (MB diagn.), cf. Summa kirrSiu ... suppuea i-ta-ad-da-a ahitum Lambert BWL
si-rip-tu UtB.AUB-a Labat TDP 86:52; umma g
44:105 (Ludlul II); Jumma qabla~u uB x [... ]
... SaptaSu §i-qd svB-a if his lips are furry Labat TDP 106 iii 40; 'drtu idtu birit qarnia
ibid. 120:31; DI§ MIN (= manzdt) sima un ana sagallida na-da-at the hair hangs down
sulma §vB.UVB-at if the rainbow is spotted from between her horns to the nape of her
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nadf 5a nadt 5d
neck MIO 1 72 r. iv 14, cf. Sdrtu ... ana KAR 150:12, and see eriitu A mng. 4b; bu-bu-'-
sasallisu VUB-at ibid. 80 r. vi 16 (description tur SUB-dt CT 20 33:103 (SB ext.), and see
of representations of demons); [sig . . .] = bubu'tu usage b.
sd ina pu-ut im-mer na-da-a fleece that hangs
down over the forehead of the sheep Hh. b) said of a locality: GN dl danniitigunu
XIX 41, cf. summa Sdrtu bi-vT na-da-a-at sa ina KUR GN 2 na-du-u AKA 42 ii 37 (Tigl. I),
Kraus Texte 2b r. 17 and, wr. na-da-at 3b iii 10, cf. seven fortresses sa ina sepe KUR GN sade
4c iii 3; pigs zibbdtisunu ana hallisunu SUB. na-du-u TCL 3 272, cf. also GN a ina Sepe
MES CT 38 46:6, also (said of dogs) ibid. 49:12 KUR GN 2 ... kima dimti na-du-u Lyon Sar.
(both SB Alu). 7:44, and passim in Sar., ana ... birtiSu rabiti
... Sa ... ana kddi na-da-at TCL 3 76;
GN ... qereb tdmti na-du-u(var. -u)
sa
5. (in the stative) to lie, to be situated
Sidon, which lies in the midst of the sea
(said of a locality, a part of or mark on the
Borger Esarh. 48 ii 68; GN Sa ina ahi tdmti
body or exta), to lie in bed - a) in ext. and
na-da-ta(var.-at) Usu, which lies on the shore
physiogn.: if the spleen ina abul karsim na-di
of the sea Streck Asb. 80 ix 116; GN Sa muhhi
lies in the "gate" of the belly YOS 10 41 r. 61,
ID GN 2 ina birit GN 3 u GN4 na-du GN, which
cf. summa martum ina abullim na-di-a-at
lies on the GN, canal between GN 3 and GN 4
ibid. 31 xi 45, also ina ruqqi na-di-ma RA 27
ABL 336 r. 7 (NB); aSar dimti Sa PN
a field
142:39, ina pitri na-di-ma ibid. 41 (all OB
na-du-u which lies in PN's dimtu JEN
ext.); if the testicles of the sheep ana libbi
269:6, of. 365:8, 652:7 (Nuzi); [... ] arrimdliku
svB-ma lie toward the inside of the body na-di Zriua my (the horse's) stable lies
KAR 152 r. 20 (SB ext.); summa ina qaqqad
[near] to king and counsellor Lambert BWL
ameli IB SUB.MES if IB moles appear all over
183 C 11 (fable).
the man's head Kraus Texte 38a r. 22 and
dupl. 43:1 (SB physiogn.); if in a man's eye c) with ana pani: eqlum ... ana esedi u
qi arquti SUB.ME§ there are green threads su-ul-li ana pa-ni-ka na-di the field is ready
CT 28 29:11; kakkum na-di-i-ma martam ittul for you to harvest and bring in (the crop)
there is a "weapon-mark" and it faces the TCL 1 33:7; bissu amdtuu u hattim qdtisu
gall bladder RA 44 24:8, of. YOS 10 33 ii 45, ana pa-ni-Sa na-di his house, his servant
51, etc.; Jepum ana paddn Sumel martim SUB girls, and his .... is awaiting him (text: her)
there is a "foot-mark" toward the "path" AfO 24 121 Dring No. 2:9; Sipru ana BA-
on the left of the gall bladder JCS 11 104 ni-ia na-di-i work is waiting for me UCP 9
No. 22:5 (OB ext. report); ilitmdutum na-du-i4 332 No. 7:20 (all OB letters); awilum appanija
there are numerous holes RA 44 13:14, also na-di awilam asabbatma should the man be
slii 2 3 na-du YOS 10 35 r. 27f., and passim in at hand, I will seize the man (and my report
OB ext., wr. U.ME S UB.MES KAR 434 r. 7, etc.; will come to you) TCL 14 30:19 (OA); in per-
BAD.MES 4 iria SUB.MES (see erd) KAR 423 sonal names: A-na-pa-ni-dEn.zv-na-d[i]
i 53, also JNES 33 353:4ff.; sihhum dannum Delaporte Catalogue Louvre 1 D 52, Holma Zehn
na-di CT 44 37:12, and passim in this text, Altbabylonische Tontafeln 1:25.
sihhu nurrubu na-di RA 44 13:16, and see sihhu
usage a-1'a'-l"; sulmum isten na-di YOS 10 52 d) other occs.: hasabtu a ina suqi 9UB-at
i 2, and passim in this text, cf. sumu mddutum a sherd which lies in the street Kocher BAM
i-ta-ad-du-u ibid. 51 iv 8 (= 52 iv 9, OB behavior 208:6; rarely in lit.: (the Labbu monster)
of sacrificial lamb), cf. RA 61 27:9-10, 12, etc.; ina me na-di-ma KAR 6 ii 6; ina ruSumdi
if a man hali [sa]lmittim idtend i-ta-ad-du na-da-ku JNES 33 278:100, see also naritu;
(see istend mng. Ib) AfO 18 66 iii 6 (OB phys- [ina qa]bri na-da-ta-[ma] u8eridka you
iogn.); q erbet elidu na-du-4 four filaments (ghost) lie in the grave, I have brought you
appear on it YOS 10 42 iii 23; eridtum na-di- down STT 215:34, restored from K.255+ :35
a-at CT 44 37:3 (OB ext.), wr. na-ad-di-a-at (courtesy I. L. Finkel), of. STT 215:27; ina s8qim
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nadi 5e nadf 6
... hassinnu na-di-i-ma Gilg. P. i 29 (OB); 18 82:9, Kraus AbB 1 29:8 and 16, etc.; kima
ina imitti amsi nidu na-di there is a .... to ana awatim annitim [a-hi] la na-du-?' ...
the right of the sun Thompson Rep. 70:9, atta t[idi] VAS 16 125:9; andki ana sa
also, wr. §UB ibid. 137 r. 3; difficult: diD.KI taaapparia-hi-i a-na-di-i would I be careless
ana dinimma na-di the river ordeal is with what you gave me orders for? BIN 7
suitable for the decision ARM 2 77:10. 43:23; [a]nanaspart[ija]bell a-ah-su la i-na-
ad-[di] RA 42 40:16, cf. ARM 10 146:21; ana
e) to lie in bed: ina NA aniute [na]-da- niqe ... a-hi ul [na]-di ibid. 144:7, cf. ARM 1
ku-ma I am lying in a bed of sorrow Scheil 118 r. 20', ana fhalsija . .. a-ha-am ul na-
Sippar No. 2:9; na-di-ma Enkidu iSten im di-e-ku ARM 3 12:8, 34:16, 41:16, ARMT 13
[...] Sa Enkidu ina majalisu [...] Gilg. IV 119:19, and passim; a-ah-ka elija la ta-na-
vi 7; asar marsu §UB-i4 (the house) where di-iARM 10 43:28; a-hu-um la in-na-ad-di
the sick person is lying Labat TDP 2:7, and ARM 1 102:20, 10 142:31; id-du-u ah-s~-ma
see AfO 24 83:15, in lex. section; summa mesunu imisu (he who) is negligent and
purqidam SvB-ma if he lies on his back forgets their (the gods') rites Lambert BWL
Labat TDP 82:26; na-da-at-ta elu serika you 38:17 (Ludlul II), of. a-ah-ka la ta-nam-di
are lying (idly) on your back Gilg. XI 6; STT 89:140 (diagn. omens); ana nakrika tabel
Jumma UD.2.KAM AtrB-m[a] (parallel marus) SvB-e a-hi taraSsi you will rule your enemy
if he is laid up for two days Labat TDP 148:12; (but) you will become negligent CT 20 5
na-da-ku-ma itti ahika ul allik I was laid up K.3546:24 (SB ext.), also (opposite) nakirka
and could not go with your brother PBS 1/2 ... SVB-e a-hi irasilka ibid. 22; k ma ... ana
70:5 (MB let.). epeSi a-hi la ad-du-u as I was not slow in the
execution (of the building work and I finished
6. in idiomatic phrases (arranged alpha-
it quickly) AKA 102 viii 20 (Tigl. I), cf. na-de-e
betically according to the direct object; the
a-hi ul irima Borger Esarh. 47 ii 48, na-de-e
list also includes phrases constructed with
a-hi la taradsi ibid. 83 r. 26; la egi la aset a-hi la
nandd):
ad-da VAB 4 220 i 38 (Nbn.); na-di a-hi la
abu to be careless, negligent: if a man tarassi ADD 646 and 647 r. 17 (Asb.); a-ha-aultu
a-ah-Su id-di-ma is negligent (and does not bit belija ad-di-ma ume mdduti ul annamir
plow the field) CH § 44:22, cf. a-ah-Su id-di- I neglected my father's house and did not
ma § 55:34; ul egu a-hi ul ad-di CH xl 16; appear for many days Nbn. 1113:17, cf.
ana kdrisu dunnunim a-ah-su id-di-ma mimma na-di a-hi la tarassu CT 22 112:21,
§53:10; ammini a-ak-ka ta-ad-di OECT 3 59:7; also na-de-e a-hi TCL 9 138:15 (all NB).
a-ah-ka la ta-na-ad-di TIM 2 13:19, of. TCL
17 59:28, TCL 18 84:17, 112:21, 129:11, YOS 2 akukutu to set ablaze: see akukutu mng. 1.
34:23, 145:17, CT 29 12:28, Frank Strassburger
amatu to present a matter: ammakam
Keilschrifttexte 12 r. 4, 15 r. 11, Holma Zehn
ana sdim biti a-wa-tdm id-a present the
Altbabylonische Tontafeln 8:10, Sumer 14 18
matter there to the buyer of the house
No. 2:16, etc.; mimma a-ah-ka la ta-na-ad-di CCT 2 22:32, cf. mahar ummedni a-wa-tdm
VAS 16 177:22; la teggi a-ka la ta-na-di
annitam i-di-di place this matter before the
TIM 2 18:14, la igg4 [a-a]h-u-nu la i-na-du-u
shareholders KT Hahn 7:25 (OA).
OECT 3 62:18 (all OB); with eli: a-ah-ki(text
-hi) e-li bitiki la ta-na-ad-di-i VAS 16 68:3, arfrfitu to shout: it-ta-di a-ru-ru-ta
of. VAS 16 15:21, 55:17, 104:12, Kraus AbB 1 (see ariritu) Gilg. VI 158.
53:26, 66 r. 3, PBS 7 55:27, YOS 2 106:20, etc.;
with ana: ana salmdt qaqqadim ... a-ah-ka abustu to bring about depression: a-su-
e-li-ia la ta-na-ad-[d]i TIM 2 99:9 and 23ff.; u-tum ta-nam-di-i 4R 56 ii 4 (Lamatu), cf.
ana annitim a-ah-ka la ta-na-an-di do not id-da-a a-Ju-u4-tum ZA 61 52:80 (hymn to
neglect this YOS 2 1:36, of. CT 6 19:21, TCL Nabfi).
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nadf 6 nad 6
diparu to put to the torch: ana urpdt STT 82:24 (Maqlu III); ana eSret GN ... it-ta-
nakri IZI.GAR SUB-di you will put to the du-c(var. -u) i-d-tc they set the sanctuaries
torch the enemy's huts TCL 6 4 r. 6 (SB ext.). of Babylon afire Cagni Erra IV 14; I flay a
mule, fill (the skin) with straw, tie reeds
gib}l (kihull4) to perform an act of together (as a fuse) i-Sd-ta aqdma ana
mourning: see gihil and kihulli mng. 2a. libbi a-nam-di-ma light a fire and set it
battu to beat with a cane: ha-at-ta-am afire TuL p. 17 r. ii 23; id-du-u IZI Borger
ina muhiga i-na-ad-di (if) he beats her with Esarh. 104 ii 4, IZI ana ekurri UB.ME Wiseman
a cane (and makes her speak) Kraus AbB 1 Chron. 50:5; ana Sa urpatim i-Sa-tam i-na-
18:23, a slave girl sa balum belisa ha-at- an-di YOS 10 47:71, cf. RA 63 155:30 (both OB
ta-am ina muhhia id-du-4 whom he has ext.), TCL 6 4:13, etc., nakrum ana dannat
beaten with a cane without (the permission matika i-ja-tam i-na-ad-di YOS 10 44 r. 46;
of) her master ibid. 30, cf. ha-at-t'um Sa beltija sitti babim ana bit awilim i-Sa-tam i-na-ad-di
elija na-di-a-at CT 6 21b:8 (all OB letters). a neighbor in the same district will set the
man's house on fire ibid. 37:3, cf. qendtma ina
idu to be inactive: illurtu irija na-da-a qenisa izi ana bit ameli SuB-di she is jealous,
i-da-a-a maMkan ramnija muqquta epdja she will set the man's house on fire because of
(due to) the manacles of my own flesh, my her jealousy Boissier DA 19 iii 44, ef. ibid. 42 and
arms are inactive, (due to) my own fetters dupl. Oefele Keilschriftmedicin pl. 1 K.3833 ii 3;
my feet are paralyzed Lambert BWL 44:97 nakru ina matija ... IZI UB-di TCL 6 3 r. 10,
(Ludlul II). of. KAR 148 ii 6 and 16, nakru ana nupdrija
IZI [UB1-di KAR 446:7f. (all ext.); you load
ikkillu to cry, to scream: ik-kil-li a-nam-
(the censer with) shavings of poplar wood
di ana Bdbilaje I will utter a cry of distress
IZI SUB-di and light it STC 2 pl. 84:108; ana
over the Babylonians Lambert Love Lyrics 116
kinuni Sa DN ... i-Sd-ti i-na-di SBH p. 144
col. A 12; see also ikkillu usages c and e.
r. Iff., dupl. BRM 4 25:51f., IZI ana kinini
iniu to sing an inhu lamentation: see SUB-di ibid. 16, wr. in-nam-di SBH p. 144:6,
inhu B usage b. cf. mamit ana pani ameli izi na-du- Surpu
III 18; IZI ana nap-pa-ta SUB you light the
inu to pay close attention: e-na-tum brazier Surpu I 7.
na-ad-a (now) close attention is paid
jarulritu to shout: na-du-u (var. na-da-a)
Kienast ATHE 62:36 (OA).
ia-ru-ra-t[i] (see jarurutu) Cagni Erra IV 54.
isqu to cast lots: is-qd-am id-du-u ili
kisadu to turn away (in wrath): terri
izzizu the gods cast lots and divided (the
kisddki 9a ta-ad-di-ia turn back your head
realm) Lambert-Millard Atra-hasis 42 i 12; see
(lit. neck) which you have turned away
isqu A mng. la-l' and 2', lb.
STC 2 pl. 83:95, see Ebeling Handerhebung 134.
i§atu to set afire, to kindle a fire: i-sa-tam
kunukku to impress a seal: kunukkuka
it-ta-ti u qutra ana dUTU same u dU ukallim
ippani nepisim li-di let him impress your
he set (Hahhu) afire and showed the smoke
seal on the front of the package BIN 6 205:22
to the Sun god of heaven and the Storm god
(OA); (loan of silver) IM.KI§IB Urim na-di-
KBo 10 1 r. 23, cf. ibid. 21 (Hattusili Bil.); kur.
ma KIT I.LA.E UET 5 298:9 (OB); Se'e a IPN
ra izi ba.ab.sum : ana ,adi i-d-ta id-di
ina qariti LU.MES tamudu itbukuma u NA4.
Lugale V 20; kur.kur nigin.na.zu izi
KIsIB.MET - Mu-nu
it-ta-du-4 the elders(?)
mu.un.da.an. ub : ina naphar matdtika
stored rPN's barley in the loft, and impressed
i-d-t id-di-ma 4R 19 No. 3 r. 7f., see OECT
their seals (on the bullae) JEN 381:7.
6 38; i-da-tam nipedidunu id-du-i-ma they
set their tools afire Lambert-Millard Atra- ltu to pay attention, to be careless:
hasis 46 I 64; ana bit terruba at-ta-di i-Md-ti see ltu mng. l a-3'.
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nadf 6 nadf 6
libbu (mng. uncert.): when I arrive libba SUB-di utters sounds all day long KAR 382
u sa alla ana na-de-e la anandikku I will r. 51, also 68; if a falcon enters the king's
not assign you to lie down(?) on your belly palace KA-Si suB-ma and utters a cry
or back Sumer 4 132 r. 5 (MB let.). CT 39 29:30; summa IZI.GAR ... ri-gim-su
SUB.SUB-di if a lamp constantly makes noise
mamitu to take an oath: ma-mi-tam sa ibid. 37:13 (all SB Alu); ersetu iimisamma
PN ana PN, agSumi abiSu i-di-4-ma the oath KA-sd SUB.SUB-di the earth groaned every
which PN swore to PN2 on behalf of his father day CT 29 48:6, restored from Rm. 2,286, see
c/k 1548:5, cited Or. NS 36 410 (OA). AfO 16 262 (list of prodigies).
pils to lay eggs: if a snake on a man's bed b) to cry out: [sa ze.eb.ba] gu se.ra
NTJ zZ- SUB- lays an egg CT 38 32:6 sub.b a.mu : [ina surup lib]bi rig-me sarpis
with dupl. KAR 389b ii (p. 352):19, also ibid. 28; ad-di-ka (see sarpis) OECT 6 pl. 4 K.4926:13f.,
.umma DAR.MUJEN ina gigimmari NUNUZ cf. g u ir.ra aub.ba.a.zu : rig-me sarpis
vUB-di CT 41 22:24; fish and birds ina mdti ad-di-ki OECT 6 pl.19:17f.; gu.ni ri.a.[x]
Siati NNNUZ.MES NU SUB.MES will not lay : ri-gim-sd ina na-fde-el-[x] SBH p. 79 No.
eggs in that country CT 39 22:5 (all SB Alu); 45:14f.; ana sirihti ri-gim-i-nu i-nam-du-u
fish will not spawn in the river issiru ina BRM 4 6:23 and 41; it-ti-di-i ri-ga-an-4i BA 2
same NUNUTZ NU SUB ACh Supp. Samar 49:7; 634 K.890:13 (NA lit.); ri-gim-sd SUB.SUB-4
pi-i-[lu] Sa ina biti na-du-4 (he sold) the eggs LKA 72:7, see TuL p. 44.
that were laid in the house TCL 9 123:23
(NB let.). c) to complain: ri-ig-ma-am -ld a-na-di-i
I will not make a complaint BIN 4 35:29
qatu - a) to touch (sacrilegiously): [ana (OA).
... ] piSsati qa-ti ad-di Gilg. XI 75; a .. .
ana esreti mat Akkadi S II-su id-du-i-ma d) to thunder: DIS Adad ina urpat uiti
udalpitu mat Akkadi who had laid his hand KA-s UB if Adad thunders in a cloud bank
to the sanctuaries of Babylonia, had de- to the south PBS 2/2 123:1; Adad ... ri-gim-
stroyed Babylonia Streck Asb. 178:14, cf. su galtu elisunu id-di-ma TCL 3 147 (Sar.);
SUII-su ana [Sippar] id-du-u ABL 328 r. 14, enima Adad ina qereb same KA-si it-ta-na-an-
also ~uII-su-nu ana libbi [kakke]8unu it-ta- du-U BMS 21 r. 73, of. ibid. obv. 25; DIS Adad
du-u ABL 280 r. 9 (both NB); qa-su-uri a ina qabal MUL is le KxA-s SUB-di ABL 1426
lemutti [ina libbi] id-du-[i] Knudtzon Gebete r. 2, of. 657:14, also Thompson Rep. 235 r. 4f.,
108 r. 12. DIS Adad ina KA.GAL Sin KA-Si SUB-di
ibid. 256A:5, with explanation anniu sa ki
b) to start: inumi gq(text 4)-ti ana ipsi
Sin innammaruni Adad KA-SU i-na-du--ni
a-ti-i when I started the work AOB 1 12
No. 7:17 (Irigum).
ibid. 9, etc.; DIS ina MN Adad KA-u SUB-di
ACh Adad 7:1, and passim in this text, cf. also
qalu to spread the silence of dejection: KAR 392:14, and passim in astrol. omens; Adad
ki.iA.dib.ba dingir.re.e.ne.kex e.ne. KA-S marsis vUB-di-ma (apod.) ZA 52 244:39.
ne.ne sag.sum.mu silig.silig.g[a.a.
mei] : agar kimilti ili Sunu ihigsuma qu-la rugumma's to make a complaint: PN PN2
i-na[m-du-u] they rush to the place where ana p[atrim] sa Asur user[idma] bab ilim PN
the god has (shown his) wrath, and spread ru-gu5 -ma-e ana PN2 i-di-i u PN2 ana PN ru-
the silence of dejection Surpu VII 17f., cf. guC-ma-<e>-su i-di-i PN brought PN2 down
kur.ku gar.ra : qu-la i-nam-du-4 CT 16 to the dagger (symbol) of A§§ur, and at the
42: 6f. door of the god PN brought a complaint
against PN2 , and PN, brought a complaint
rigmu - a) to utter a sound: if a lizard against PN g/k 100:7 and 10, cited Or. NS 36
in a man's house ina kal ime KA- SUB. 409 (OA).
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nadu 6 nadf 6
rupultu to foam (said of a boiling liquid): EN sibigu ana muhhi abunnatifu vUB-ma
isdssu ana elis tellia ru-pu-ul-ta i-nam-di you recite a spell over his navel seven times
the fire will get stronger, (and) it (the oil) (and he will get well) Kichler Beitr. pi. 4 ii 59,
will foam Ebeling Parfiimrez. p. 19:15, cf. p. 20f. cf. EN annita 3-4i ana muhhi vsB-ma AMT
right col. 2 and 20, p. 23 left col. 25 (all MA). 62,3 r. 8, also 30,6 r. 7; ]N unu id-du-ma andku
assi CT 23 10:21, of. AMT 45,5:8, etc., also
sarnu (mng. unkn.): we paid one half si-pat mamadS ili DN ,unu id-du-u-ma andku
and one twenty-fourth of a shekel of silver usanni Kocher BAM 398 r. 22, and passim in
for beer inume za-ar-nam i-ta-di-4-ni (see med., also EN gvB-um-ma iballut Labat TDP
kirru A mng. 2a) BIN 6 142:14 (OA). 222: 38, etc.; []i s i-ip-ta it-ta-na-an-diLambert-
Millard Atra-hasis 60 I 253; si-pat baldti id-
situ to foment a rebellion: he will
da-a Lambert BWL 48:28 (Ludlul III); agar
dispatch ten thousand men ina GN si-ha-am
i-na-ad-di and foment a rebellion in Suhu
Si-ip-t ad-du-u la tasanniqCT 51 142:34;
ina biti ~a sip-tu in-na-du-u AMT 6,2:4.
ARM 2 30 r. 5'.
serretu to bridle: it-ta-di (var. it-ta-ad-di) Aubtu to ambush: sadb ana nakrim Su-pa-
ser-re-e-ti En. el. IV 117, cf. [ser-r]e-e-ti it-
tim (var. u-pa-a-tim) it-ta-na-an-di (var. it-
ta-da-a ibid. V 68.
ta-na-ad-di) my army will lay many ambushes
for the enemy YOS 10 52 iv 11, vars. from 51
§innu to knock out a tooth: if a man iv 10, also nakrum [ana] pani u[mm]dnija
Si-in-ni awilim mehrisu it-ta-di sinnasu i-na- su-pa-tim it-ta-na-ad-di-i RA 61 28:45 (OB
ad-du-i knocks out a tooth of a man of his ext.); when the army marched against the
own rank, they knock out a tooth of his enemy agar subtim na-d[e(!)]-em [qaqqa]rum
CH § 200:69f., cf. summa si-in-ni musiknim ul ibbabi ... itur there was no space to set
it-ta-di § 201:72. up an ambush, and (that army) returned
(empty-handed) ARM 2 22:8.
Aibu to produce a discoloration: hamistu
si-ba it-ta-di the fifth (cake of bread) has Su urratu to hush: if when a man is
produced a discoloration Gilg. XI 217, cf. prostrated (for prayer) Su-hur-ra-tu na-da-
[Si-p]a it-ta-di ibid. 227; tediqu si-pa a-a at-ma [egirri ip]ulu silence falls and a
id-di-ma may his garment show no discolor- divine utterance answers him CT 39 41:2 (SB
ation (but renew itself) ibid. 246; si-i-pa Alu).
it-ta-di (the abscess) has formed a scab
BE 17 31:17 (MB let.); Ser'dni li-x-x-x si-ba ti to recite a spell: imanni ipta i-ta-
lid-di (end of inc., in broken context) nam-di ta-a-u En. el. IV 91, cf. ad-di ta-a-ka
Craig ABRT 2 11 r.(!) 2. ibid. I 153, id-di [ta-a-Aal ibid. IV 71, etc.;
bel dipat balati ... lid-di-ka ta-a-Si la baldti
Siptu to cast a spell: for bil. refs. see lex.
CT 23 11:32.
section; lu-di-kum TU6 tdridat kala mursi
I will cast a spell on you that chases away tukku- a) to start a rumor: tu-uk-ka-Au
all sickness CT 42 41b: 1 (OB inc.), see von kiam id-di ummami ARM 2 39:40, cf. PN ana
Soden, BiOr 18 71, also li-di-kum Ea TU6 baldtim GN etiqim tu-uk-ka-Au id-di ibid. 130: 10.
ibid. 3, also 5f. and 19; si-ip-ta lu-i-di JCS 9
11 B 33, also A 34; DN i-nam-di EN RAcc. b) to proclaim: alsika ... aqrika ... istu
142: 380, and passim in rits.; ana dliddtina-da- same Aa Anu tuk-ki(var. -ku) ad-di-ku I have
a-ti Sip-ti LKU 33:16 (Lamatu); na-da-at called you, I have summoned you, from
si-pat-su-un da DN u DN2 Maqlu VII 11, Anu's heaven I have made a proclamation
ad-di-ka ]N DN ibid. 38, cf. ibid. 27, ana directed to you AfO 14 142:41 (bit mesiri),
annanna ... SUB-u-ma (var. SuB-um-ma) for var. see JNES 33 194; marsa tuk-ka-ka
Ea ~N-ka (var. di-pat-su) Ja baldti ibid. 48; ta-at-ta-dieli[ja] you (my god) have directed
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nadt 7a nadl 7d
your harsh proclamation against me JNES had with him CH § 103:28, cf. GI s-in-na-
33 286 Section III 9. ass-8 u,-ta-ad-di ARM 2 50 r. 9'; he (Marduk)
struck the hand of him who was striking me
tuSu to make a false accusation: sdr
tu-ug-4a-am-ma id-di(text -ki) he is a liar,
u4-ad-di kakkadu and made him drop his
weapon Lambert BWL 58:12 (Ludlul IV); nakru
he has made a false accusation CH § 11:2;
Sallat elqd dui-ad-da(!)-an-ni the enemy will
awilum tuo-a-am elija it-ta-di the man has
make me drop the booty I took KAR 428:30,
accused me wrongly UCP 9 341 No. 16:9 (OB
of. KBo 7 7:3a (liver model), cf. also nakru
let.); tu-u-ga i-na-di(!)-ma KBo 1 12 r.(!) 12,
NAM.RA-8u 6UB-ic KAR 153 obv.(!) 13 (SB
see Ebeling, Or. NS 23 214.
ext.); summa erm ... summata ikkalma [u]g-
upatu to blow one's nose: 4-pa-fu na- ta-ad-du-4-Su if an eagle eats a dove but
du-4 e-[pe]-ru la kut-tu-mu i[k-kib ... ] to they make him drop it HUCA 40-41 91 iii 17
blow the nose and not to cover (the mucus) (OB bird omens), cf. if a falcon devours a bird
with earth is an abomination for [...] on a man's roof u-ad-du CT 39 23:14 (SB
K.9471:10, cf. u-pa-ti na-du-u SAHAR la kut- Alu); see also Ai. III iii 56f., in lex. section;
tu-mu K.8954:3. nirunuu-Sa-ad-di I caused (the Babylonians)
to throw off their (the Assyrians') yoke VAB 4
uznu to listen (to someone), to pay
68:21 (Nabopolassar).
attention: kima enija ana awdtim 9a bit abini
4-za-ku-nu lu na-dd-at just as I am concerned c) to let a field go fallow: 4 GAN eqlam
with (lit. my eyes are on) the affairs of our sudti ul tu-ga-ad-da TLB 4 2:48, cf. eqlam
firm, so you should pay attention TCL 19 Sudti la epeSam PN su-ud-di ibid. 42, also
81:28 (OA). eqelunu mala mi i[tbalu] u-ud-da-a [...]
OECT 3 53:18, see Kraus, AbB 4 131; eqlam ana
GI.KAK.TAG.A to cast lots: concerning
eresim la tu-Sa-da-a Gautier Dilbat No. 67:8;
the houses of PN and PN2, sons of PN3, and
eqlam zittani ug-ta-ad-du-ni-a-ti ... ina u-
whatever shares they have in GN GI.MES.
ud-di-i-im AE.GIs.i ul nippema they made
KAK.TAG.GA ina libbi zu-pa-ti §a PN4 it-ta-du-u
us abandon the field which was our share-
they cast lots (lit. arrows) in PN4's garment(?)
forced to abandon (the field), we will not
(entire text) JEN 519:7.
plant flax AbB 5 262 r. 5 and 7 (all OB letters);
7. §uddd to have someone throw objects put la gu-ud-du-u4 a zeri PN nasi PN is
into water or fire, to cause someone to drop responsible for not allowing the field to
an object, to let a field go fallow, to make remain fallow VAS 3 119:22, cf. zera a ina
someone leave a house, an estate, to cause a libbi u-sad-du- VAS 5 89:9 and 106:10, also
country to be in ruins, to turn a city, a zera ma[la] libbi ul u4-ad-du-u TuM 2-3
temple into uninhabited ruins, to make 140:10; zeru mala ul-ta-ad-du-u aki ite
someone drop, abandon a task, a wish, a sibu ... inandin VAS 5 33:11 (all NB);
plan, etc., to cause a woman to have a nakrum mereSka -ja-da-ka-mahusahhum ina
miscarriage, to have someone make a pay- matim ibbadsi the enemy will make you
ment, a deposit (causative to mngs. 1 and 2) - leave your arable land fallow and there will
a) to have someone throw objects into water be hunger in the country CT 44 37 r. 18 (OB
or fire: he who ina me '-a-ad-du-u has some- omens).
one throw (this boundary stone) into the
d) to make someone leave a house, an
water BBSt. No. 3 v 45, cf. ana me ana i.dti
estate: (I gave a field to PN) mamman la
i-,ad-du-4 ibid. No. 5 iii 19.
4-a-ad-da-,u UET 5 47:9 (OB let.); uncert.:
b) to cause someone to drop an object: itu abul senim adi abul nii bi-ta-tim ii-a-di
nakrum mimma Aa nadd uS-ta-ad-di-u (if) from the Sheep gate to the People gate I
the enemy has made him (the damalld removed the settlements (or: ejected settlers?)
traveling overland) abandon whatever he AOB 1 14 No. 7:39, of. 18 No. 13 ii 6 (Iriium).
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e) to cause a country to be in ruins: (OB); PN questioned those who knew about
nakrum mdtam 4-ga-da the enemy will reduce the matter, PN,'s sons, his brothers, (but)
the country to ruins YOS 10 26:8 (OB ext.); u4-a-ad-di-ma analJursdn la illik he dropped
[tu]ahriba tu-Ad-ad-di mdssu BA 5 327:20 the matter and did not go to the (river)
(SB lit.); habbdti mdta i4-ad-du.MES robbers ordeal BBSt. No. 3 v 3; nakru kipdija u4-ad-
will turn the country into ruins BRM 412:27, da-ni (see kipdi) KAR 426:28, cf. nakru
cf. CT 20 49:26, Boissier DA 220:6 (all SB ext.); kipdisu tu-sad-da-Su ibid. 29 (SB ext.); kaks
ilani mdta 4-ad-du-u Labat Calendrier § 66:1; kiSuu-S§UB.BA-Su I will make him (the enemy)
in the phrase Sudd4 u Aiuubu "to depopulate drop his weapons Labat Suse 3:37, cf. arbit
and to repopulate": (Nabu) a u-ud-du-4 nakrim kuburSu tu-Aa-[ad-da] (see kubru
du-As-bu bag4 ittiSu who has the power to mng. Id) YOS 10 18:49 (OB ext.); milikSu
make a region desolate and to resettle (it) u4-ad-du-u OECT 6 pl. 4 K.4948:2; a lion or
1R 35 No. 2:5 (Adn. III), cf. (AASur) Au-ud- a robber siblssu u4-ad-du-MS will make him
du-4(var. -u) u u-gu-bu ... umall4 qtua abandon an undertaking CT 39 25 K.2898+
Borger Esarh. 46 ii 30, ana mdtdti gu-gu-bi Au- :15 (SB Alu); kima mitu Su-ud-du-u alakti
ud-di-i KAR 19 obv.(l) 8, (Marduk) a Au- Hunger Uruk 44:58; see also ndku ginuqa
ud-du-4 u su--u-pi ban2 ittiu JCS 19 122:16 i4-a-ad-da Lambert BWL 241 ii 44, in lex.
(Simbar-gipak). section; see also muSaddd.
f) to turn a city, a temple into uninhabited h) to cause a woman to have a miscarriage:
ruins: URU BI BE.ME§ §UB.MEB-An a pestilence if a man hits a woman and a libbiSa ua-ta-
will make this city a ruin CT 38 2:32 (SB Alu); di-9i causes her to have a miscarriage CH
ana mulhi anniti URU.KI GN 4i-e-di-i PBS § 209:27, also § 211:38, § 213:48; [SAL.P]E§ 4 Aa
1/2 73:35, cf. (uncert.) nirib gar-ri ammeni libbiSa ana §vB-di to cause a pregnant woman
t[u-d]a-da-a ibid. 57:21 (both MB); mu-Sam- to have a miscarriage Kocher BAM 246:1.
du-u m ab [...] Bauer Asb. 2 77 K.2668:24; i) to have someone make a payment, a
(the temple) Aa ... agargu -ud-du-4 deposit (OA only): 3 MA.NA sa a-du-i-u
RA 22 59 ii 4 (Nbn.). OIP 27 62:42; summa ... mimma utebal
Sa-di-a-gu-ma kunkama gebilanim TuM 1
g) to make someone drop, abandon a task,
la: 15, of. also Kienast ATHE 47:18, TCL 4
a wish, a plan, etc.: PN ana Aspir mdtim ana
22:32, TCL 14 26 r. 2, BIN 6 40:10, etc.; with
sandqimma andku u-ta-ad-di-su I myself
have prevented PN from approaching the ,addu'utu: per each mina Saddu'atam 4-Aa-
Adpir mdti official PBS 7 33:9; PN ana du-4-ka they will make you put down as
baqdrimma tappiuS ua-ta-du-[Au] his asso- Saddu'utu due (ten shekels) BIN 4 33:37,
ciates have made PN drop his claims VAS 16 cf. ana addudtim Sa-du-im CCT 5 7b:6,
gaddu'assu []a-ad-4 ibid. 18, also 4-Sa-di-4-
168:11, dupl. Frank Strassburger Keilschrifttexte
13, see Frankena, AbB 6 No. 168 (all OB let- ni ibid. 27, 1 MA.NA Saddudtim Sa-di-a-ma
JSOR 11 p. 112 No. 3:23; there arrived a docu-
ters); (conjuration) qi-b[it K]A-AM anas-ud-
di-i to .cause a person's command to be ment from the City a addudtim ti-Sa-da-a d1
disregarded STT 300 r. 7; elliptic: asum (stating) that you are not to levy the Saddu'utu
due Nesr. Bog. 2:28, cited Veenhof Old Assyrian
apsim ... Sa ... mdnaahtim igkunu [a]ms
Trade 283 n. 413, of. Kiiltepe a/k 405:29, cited
mini tu-Aa-di-i-u why did you make him
ibid. 325.
abandon (the work) on the basin he had
put work into? TIM 2 87:9, cf. awild ... la 8. uddd to repudiate, to reject, to repel
tu-a-da-u-nu-ti ibid. 11, ammini ... epiA (an attack), to pardon negligence, to deprive
ipri[m] 4-Ja-ad-du-4 PBS 7 10:12 (both OB - a) to repudiate, to reject: PN ua-ta-ad-da-
letters); Summa PN PN ipir aldkitiSu a-ni VAS 16 4:6; PN ana panija iprikamma
ud-ta-ad-di-Au-ma if PN forces PN, to 4-A[a]-ad-di-en-ni PN has put obstacles in my
abandon his work as a fuller CT 48 64 r. 11 way and has rejected me ARMT 13 100 r. 10'.
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b) to repel (an attack): gip
irrubakkum A ina idatim Audti in-na-ad-di that man
tu-Sa-ad-da you will repel the expedition (i.e., the thief) will be thrown into the very
that comes against you YOS 10 44:19 (OB ext.). fire (that burned the house) CH § 25:65;
kima Aimi ann ... ana iati SUB-4 just as
c) to pardon negligence: egissunu li-sad- this onion is (being peeled and) thrown into
de-ma lipassis hitssun may he (a future the fire gurpu V-VI 60, cf. (in similar contexts)
king) pardon their (the privileged citizens' ibid. 73, 83, 93, 103; tuppi arnisu ... tum&d
of Uruk) negligence, may he forgive their sin matisu ana me SUB-a gurpu IV 80; there will
YOS 1 38 ii 32 (Sar.). be a famine (so severe) a salmdtum in-na-
an-du-u that corpses will be left lying
d) to deprive: kima lahri kittu da puhussa
(unburied) YOS 10 24:34 (OB ext.); pan
su-ud-da-at like a faithful ewe deprived of
nakrigu pagarsu li-na-di-ma (var. li-in-na-
her lamb (Sum. broken) PBS 1/2 125:14;
di-ma) may his corpse be thrown before his
kima nesti [sa] u-ud-da-at merd[nisa] like a
enemy Streck Asb. 22 ii 116, cf. in-na-di-ma
lioness deprived of her cubs Gilg. VIII ii 19;
ibid. 118;buppanis an-na-di (see buppani
ina MU.DU mahdri[m L]P.ME sunu uS-ta-ad-
usage b) Lambert BWL 42:70 (Ludlul II);
du-ni-i[n-ni] these men have prevented us
SE.SA.A ,a ina muhhi DN SUB.SIB the
from receiving deliveries ARM 1 15:21.
parched barley which is thrown over Dumuzi
9. III/2 to be made to drop, to become LKA 72 r. 6; balta ina pigu la tukdn ina pisu
abandoned - a) to be made to drop (passive SUB-a do not place raw (food) in his mouth,
to mng. 8): nakru sallatTI-4 (ilqg4) us-ta-ad-da it will be expelled from his mouth Labat TDP
the enemy will be made to drop the booty he 162:52; difficult: Zimri-Adda sabitma ana
has taken KAR 428:29 (SB ext.), and see KAR pi sabim it-ta-na-ad-di-e[m] ARM 2 31 r. 5'.
428:30, cited rng. 7b.
b) to be made into a ruin, to become a
b) to become abandoned: NA.BI bissu ruin: alum nrm in-na-ad-[di] our town will
uA-te-ed-di that man's house will become be made a ruin YOS 10 17:11, cf. alanuka
abandoned CT 38 27:14 (SB Alu). innaqqaru tilldni in-na-ad-du-u your towns
10. III/3 to come to ruin: KUR Amurru will be pulled down, they will be made into
inahhis KUR Elamtu us-ta-nad-di Amurru piles of ruins ibid. 25:46, also isrdtum in-na-
will prosper, Elam will come to ruin ACh di-a ibid. 9:2, cf., wr. i-na-di-a ibid. 39:32
Itar 4:1, cf. 3, also, wr. us-ta-nad-da Supp. (all OB ext.); esret mdti SUB.MES ama
Iitar 37 iii 35 and 38 and dupl. K.7936: 1 and 3. imahhara the sanctuaries of the country
will fall into ruin and (their interiors) will be
11. nandu to be thrown into water or fire, exposed to sunlight Thompson Rep. 271 r. 8;
to be thrown down, to be made into a ruin, mdtum si in-na-an-di YOS 10 56 ii 3 (OB Izbu);
to become a ruin, to be left fallow, uncared halsum la in-na-ad-di YOS 2 140:23 (OB let.),
for (said of fields, orchards), to be neglected, cf. halsu i-na-a[d-di-m]a ARM 5 67:22; asum
slighted (said of a person, a task, etc.), to be bitatuunu la i[n-n]a-du- ARM 5 35:35;
put out to pasture (said of sheep), to be loaded E-ka [a] GN u GN, [in]-na-di ARM 1 61:15;
on a boat, to be laid (said of bricks, a wall, the town against which you are marching
etc.), to be founded (said of a city, etc.), to ina panika i-na-di-ma libittam riqtam qdtka
be placed, to be laid up, to be placed as a ikassad will be deserted before your arrival
deposit, to be thrown into prison, to be and you will conquer (but) an empty shell
drawn, depicted, to be assigned (said of YOS 10 42 iii 33 (OB ext.); dlu ihalliqmaribatus
workers), to be used, to be inflicted (said of Au vSUB.M[E§] the town will become ruined,
a calamity), to become dejected(?) (passive to its squares will become empty CT 30 9:13,
mngs. 1, 2, and 6) - a) to be thrown into cf. URU BI vuB-ma ina libbisu qad iqaddi
water or fire, to be thrown down: awilum this town will become abandoned, owls will
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hoot in it ibid. 14 (SB ext.); URU TUB-di (parallel: femu la iSanni) IM 67692:80 (tamitu'
Leichty Izbu I 64, etc., also KUR ~UB-di ibid. courtesy W. G. Lambert); Sipir bitisu TUB-di
12, etc., wr. in-§UB.BA Labat Suse 9 r. 31; ina E BI ZI.[GA] E work on his estate will
KUR KI.T~U - UB-ma karmitam illak be neglected, this estate will experience
Leichty Izbu I 98, for comm. see lex. section, losses CT 38 28:31 (SB Alu); nanSe'at na-an-
cf. matu Subassa svB-di(text -sI) CT 31 39 ii di-a-at qaritti Istar (see nad A mng. 8a-2')
16 (SB ext.); SILA.BI in-na-an-[di] KAR 377 STC 2 pl. 78:34, see JCS 21 261, cf. niSeat ni-
r. 28; E.BI arhis svB-di this house will soon di-a-at amlitu RA 65 89:3.
become a ruin CT 40 18:76, of. 70; KI BI SUB-
e) to be put out to pasture (said of sheep):
ma ul ussab this locality will become desolate
senum la in-na-da-a YOS 2 114:22 (OB let.).
and not be inhabited CT 39 11:35, cf. KI
sudtu nakru ikabbasmasvB-di ibid. 5:53 (all SB f) to be loaded on a boat: bitumen Sa ana
Alu); Nippur in-na-ad-d[i] JCS 18 19 ii 9 (SB lib[bi elippeti] in-na-du-u (parallel: Sa ana 2
prophecies), see BiOr 28 15 v 9; URU.BI in-nam- MA.JI.A ... isaknu) YOS 5 90:3 (OB adm.).
di-ma ustahrar CT 41 28 r. 20 (Alu Comm., to
g) to be laid (said of bricks, a wall, etc.),
Tablet XLI); summa VRU-d it-ta-an-daisarru
to be founded (said of a city, etc.), to be
if his city is abandoned(?) he will become rich
placed, to be laid up: iStu RN (Sa> li-bi-it-
STT 324:9 (Sittenkanon ?); Harranu Ehulhul
tim sa GN in-na-du-4 ever since Hammurapi,
sa in-na-du-u 54 sandti Harran and Ehulhul,
since the bricks of Basu were laid CT 2 20:5;
which were in ruins for 54 years VAB 4 284
9 i[mi l]i-in-na-di libittum let the brick be
x 13 (Nbn.), cf. ana naphar dadmi ga in-na-
set in place for nine days Lambert-Millard
du-4 subassun 5R 35:10 (Cyr.).
Atra-hasis 64 I 294, cf. ina bit 5litte hariti 7
c) to be left fallow, uncared for (said of umi li-na-di libittu ibid. 62 iii 15 (SB); (the
fields, orchards): the yield of the field sa 28th day) na-an-di igdri (is good for) walls
sanatim a in-na-du-u for the years it has to be erected KAR 178 iii 14; for sixty years
been left fallow CH § 62:40; eqlum la in-na- ussusu ul in(var. i)-na-du-[4] its (the
ad-di AJSL 32 277 No. 2:13 (let. from Adab), temple's) foundations have not been laid
cf. eqli la in-na-an-di Kraus AbB 1 23:15; AKA 95 vii 70 (Tigl. I); in-na-du-u (vars. [in]-
eqlum s ul sa na-an-di-im this field is not nam-du-u, vUB-at) libittu KAR 250:4, for
to be left fallow Fish Letters 15:22; ritibtum vars. see Ebeling Handerhebung 60:9; balukka
la i-na-a-di Kienast Kisurra 154:19 (all OB ul in-na-an-da subti no dwelling is erected
letters); A.SA A.GAR BI SUB-di CT 39 3:17, also without you VAB 4 238 ii 36, cf. sa ulldnusu
ibid. 11 (SB Alu); tirikti eqli sa in-na-an- alu u matu la in-nam-du-' ibid. 222 ii 27; Sa
d[u-ma] MDP 22 128:11, of. 129:10, wr. in- a-bal qibitisu ... matu la ta-an-na-du-u (var.
na-a[m-d]u-ma ibid. 127:8; suppdtuunu la tan-na-an-du-u) without whose command no
in-na-da-a PBS 1/2 56:20 (MB let.). country can ever be established AnSt 8 62 ii
38 (all Nbn.); ina bit ameli kihulld SUB (see
d) to be neglected, slighted (said of a
kihullh mng. 2a) CT 38 26:33 (SB Alu); kima
person, a task, etc.): ana tertija u awitija
haristi ina majali in-na-di-ma he was laid
panika la tasakkanma a-wi-ti la i-na-di do
up like a woman in childbed TCL 3 151 (Sar.).
not interfere with my order and my affair, my
affair must not be neglected CCT 2 20:22 h) to be placed as a deposit: kaspum ...
(OA); ul an-na-di TLB 4 22:38, ummi ina bit kunukkika li-ni-di the silver should
ammini ta-na-di UCP 9 339 No. 14:27 (both OB be deposited in your storehouse CCT 3 25:10;
letters); E BI epessu in-na-ad-<di> the build- silver .a inabitPN i-ni-id-i-[ni] BIN 6 28:10;
ing of this house will be given up CT 38 10:6 he brought silver to PN's house ana massars
(SB Alu); te[mum] si it-ta-an-di this matter tim ana na-an-du-im to be deposited in the
has been neglected ARM 2 17:8, cf. in-ne- strong room Kienast ATHE 48:10, also KTS
du-~ ibid. 9; miliku la i-na-an-di-u 2a:4; copper belonging to PN and PN,
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nadd il nadu A
under PN,'s seal da ... ina bitija i-ni-di-u-ni your mother, give you food 4R 56 iii 45f.
which was deposited in my house Hecker (Lamatu), li-.ad-di-ki may have to be read
Giessen 49:8, cf. annukum bit PN li-ni-di li-sad-di-ki, for parallels see suddd.
VAT 9236:14, cf. li-ni-di ibid. 17, copper For UET 5 10:11 see nadanu mng. 11. In Gilg.
Ja bit karim i-GN i-ni-id-u CCT 5 38a:33, XII 49, the Sum. correspondence suggests a
kaspum adi jmim annim i-ni-di TCL 19 72: 58, reading lad-da-[t]a, from Sadadu. For Or. 34 109:5
copper lama kussum ikSudini ina GN li-ni- and OEC 6 25:4, see emedu mng. 7c-1' and Caplice,
Or. NS 40 179; in BBSt. No. 3 i 34, ii 33 read
di-ma CCT 4 3a:9, kaspum anndm illibbija u§edkiZu(nuti) (from dekt2), see abu A in bZt abi
i-na-di BIN 4 41:10, also 25:12, 31:17, CCT 4 mng. 2c.
26a left edge 4, TCL 4 54:17, note anaSapartim
Ad mng. lb-7': Oppenheim Beer p. 44 n. 40.
i-ni-di-ma BIN 4 90:19; also a ana apartim Ad mng. 2i: Koschaker, ZA 43 207. Ad mng. 5a:
i-ni-id-u-ni Jankowska KTK No. 68:3 (all OA); Nougayrol, JAOS 70 112 n. 9.
kaspum i-ta-an-di Kraus AbB 1 139 edge 1,
nadi see nati v. and *nudd4.
cf. [i-t]a-an-di ibid. r. 13 (OB let.).
i) to be thrown into prison: awilum ina nadu A s.; 1. waterskin, 2. leather pouch
a-l[i(?)]-ka ana sibittim in-na-ad-[dil a man for precious metals; OAkk., OB, Mari, MB,
will be thrown into prison in your city NA, NB; pl. ncddtu; wr. syll. and KUT.A.
YOS 10 33 r. iv 21 (OB ext.). EDIN.LA (KUT.EDIN.NA ARM 9 108:11).
j) to be drawn, depicted: Sin gama u [ku] .A.EDINum-muLA, [kus.s]AMINA = na-a-a-

du Hh. XI 80f., in MSL 9 197; [KU.A.ED]IN.LA=
IStar ina put Apst ... SB.MES-4 DN, DN 2 , na-a-du-um Proto-Diri 580; gis.dag.si(text
and DN3 drawn in front of the Apsui (legend .MIN) KUS.A.EDIN.LA = (take) A4 na-a-a-du Hh.
for a relief) BBSt. No. 36 pl. 98 Legend No. 2:2. VII A 146; [gis].RAB+GAN.pirig = ha-da-nu =
par-zik Sd na-a-du Hg. I 225, in MSL 6 143:187.
k) to be assigned (said of workers): SAL. hi-ri-in-nu = na-a-du (var. na-a-a-dum) Malku
TUR.ME§ sina ana iSpardtimma li-in-na-di-e II 238; nu-hu (var. nu-a-hu), a-a-su = na-ad (var.
these young women should be assigned to na-a-ad) sam-ni ibid. 240f.
the weaver women ARM 10 125:14, cf. PN
1. waterskin - a) in adm.: 2 KUS na-a-
ana tupSarritim [in]-na-di ARM 7 101:5; du-um BE 3 76:29, 78:2 (Ur III); 1.AM KUS
ana qat ekalli in-na-ad-[di] (in broken na-da-tim waterskins, one for each (person,
context) KUB 37 163:5 (earthquake omens).
etc.) ARM 1 17:20, and passim in this let.,
1) to be used: assum annakim .a ana also ibid. 66 r. 2', ARM 18 35:9, of. ibid. 37:13,
kalmakrim in-na-ad-du-u concerning the tin 46: f.; adsum KuI na-da-tim sa aspurakki 30
which will be used for the ax RA 12 194:12 KUS na-da-tim ana qdt PN tapqidimma as for
(OB let.). the waterskins about which I wrote you, you
m) to be inflicted (said of a calamity): entrusted 30 waterskins to PN (and he brought
hattum §a RN ... ina fmu-hil-ku li-[n]a-di them to me) OBT Tell Rimah 123:4f.; 1 U KUS
MDP 24 374 r. 1, also, wr. [ina] muhhiSu UDU.NITA ana sa-a-UD-te-e u na-a-da-ti sixty
l[i]-in-na-di MDP 23 166:23. sheep hides for .... and waterskins PBS 2/2
140:22 (MB); KUIS na-a-d[u] ... uprdnu
n) to become dejected(?): mursum isba send me a waterskin (among other items)
tannima ina napiStim an-na-di sickness has YOS 3 127:13 (NB let.), cf. KUTS ntiu u na-a-
seized me and I have become dejected(?) TCL da Nbk. 211:5.
1 43:18 (OB let.), cf. mngs. lc-6' and 4a.
b) in lit.: kasdti istaqqi m na-da-a-te(var.
o) passive to mng. 6: see there sub ahu, -ti) they kept serving water from cold
i dtu, diptu. waterskins Gilg. VII iv 44, also VIII i 20, cf.
In the ref. li-ad-di-ki Anum abaki li-sad- me-e na-da-tim (in broken context) AfO 13 46
di-ki Antu ummaki may Anu, your (La- i 5 (OB lit.); lu kajdnu md ellitu ina na-di-ka
maitu's) father, give you food, may Antu, let there always be clean water in your
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nadu A nadu
waterskin Gilg. Y. vi 269 (OB); sikar naspi martu kima na-a-di meda iahhal if the gall
dussupi ul ubbalu me n[a]-a-di the sweetest bladder filters(?) its liquid like a waterskin
beer cannot be compared with water from a KAR 423 iii 19 (SB ext.); KUS na-a-da mu-
waterskin Cagni Erra I 58; me KU na-a-di [.. . ]-sa-at nds~sa (you, Itar, are) a water-
kasiti ana summeja lu agti for my thirst I skin which [...] its bearer Gilg. VI 38, see
drank cold water from a waterskin OIP 2 Frankena, in Garelli Gilg. p. 120; [kima m] ndri
36 iv 8, 65:43, 72:40 (Senn.), cf. (in similar ina KUT na-a-di maSle ihb kardna tdba (see
context) [Kur n]a-a-di KU ti-in-ti Borger mal4 mng. 1) TCL 3 220 (Sar.); na-ah-pi-i
Esarh. 113 § 77:10, see AfO 18 118; stei me kima KUS.A.EDIN na-[par-S]id-dikima qis-se-e
na-a-di qudduSiiti (Dumuzi) who drinks be broken like a waterskin, crawl away like
ritually purified water from a waterskin cucumber (vines) (addressing a sorceress) Sm.
Farber IStar und Dumuzi 134:126, cf. sdtiu me 310:12.
na-a-di ha-li-lu(text -ib)-ti Kocher BAM 339:
36, see Farber Istar und Dumuzi 203; lu naSdti
2. leather pouch for precious metals (Mari
only): 41 minas five shekels of silver ina KU§
na-a-du(var. -di) sa summeki may you carry
na-di-im ARM 7 117:5, also ibid. 1, 207:5, 10;
a waterskin for your thirst 4R 56 iii 54 (Lamas-
1 Sewerum Sa 3 GIf kaspim PN Sa ina KUS.
tu inc.), var. from dupl. KAR 239 ii 26; I gave
EDIN.NA Sa PN, iil (beside rings totaling
the demon KUV.A.EDIN.LA (var. KITS na-a-di)
nine shekels of silver sa ina piSan sarrim iild
me ana Satsu BMS 53:17, var. from KAR 267
r. 11; nakru idukkannima ina KUI na-da-ti. which were drawn from the royal exchequer)
ARM 9 108:11; na-da-t[u]m kaspum Sebirtum
MU me isatti the enemy will defeat me and
unqgtum takaltum ARM 7 260:3.
drink water from my waterskins CT 31 28:21
(SB ext.), dupl. KAR 148:38; me na-di-su [is]: Ad mng. 2: for the use of leather pouches
qianni he gave me to drink from his waterskin for carrying gold or silver ingots see luppu
Sumer 13 pl. 12:9, also 14 (OB Gilg.); na-a-da and nepisu.
me kasiti aqgssunic[ti] I made them a gift of The occs. na-di(-)i Kuchler Beitr. pl. 2 ii 23
a waterskin containing cool water Kocher and na-rdu(?)1 DTG.GA KAR 334 r. 11 (hymn)
BAM 234:26; taksa na-a-da ana DN taqda are unlikely to represent nddu "waterskin."
you offer a saddle (see daksiu) and a waterskin In UCP 10 142 No. 70:22 (coll.) read si-na-tum,
to Dumuzi LKA 70 i 19; ina qaqqar sumdmit see maskakdtu. For KUS.A.EDIN.LA in Sum.
laplaptu KUS na-da-ku-nu lu ta-hi-bi [ina] texts, see Salonen Hausgerate 1 165ff., and Civil,
sum m mimta may your waterskins break in Kramer AV p. 91.
an arid terrain of parching thirst, (and you
thus) die of thirst! Wiseman Treaties 654, cf. nadu B (na'adu) s.; commemorative
aki sa ina libbi ade [qabini] ... ma ina inscription(?); lex.*
qaqqarsu[mamiti] na-da-te-ku-ni lu [... ] ABL na4 .na.du. a = na.du-u(var. -u) = na-a-du Sa
1110:23; ki sa KvU na-a-du dalqatuni miea ti-di (var. na-'-a-du§dI) Hg. B IV 131 and dupls.,
in MSL 10 34.
sappahuni just as (this) waterskin is slit na-du-u = na-du Sd IM MSL 10 70:45 (= Uruanna
(and) its water pours away Wiseman Treaties III 188c).
652.
Translation based on the equation with
nadi A s., q.v.
c) in comparisons: [isa]hubu dimtau
kima me na-a-di his tears drip like water nadu see na'du A adj.
from a waterskin Lambert BWL 180 B 9;
[na]pitadunu kima me na-a-di(var. -du) n&du (na'ddu) v.; 1. to praise, to extol,
liq[ti] let their lives come to an end like the 2. I/3 to praise repeatedly, 3. nu'udu to
water (flowing) from a waterskin AfO 18 praise, to extol, 4. II/3 to praise profusely,
294:77, also, wr. KUS.A.EDIN.LA Maqlu I 118, 5. II/2 to be praised, 6. utandidu (same
cf. kima me na-a-dili-iq-t[i] K.4441:6; summa mng. as mng. 2), 7. IV to be praised; from
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n&du nadu
OAkk. on; I inad - indd - nad (MB and hymn); [me.t]6s im.i.i.ne (with gloss) u-ta-na-
later also i'ud - ina'ad - na'id), 1/3, II, 11/2, du-ni-in-ni TuM NF 4 89:4', see Wilcke Kolla-
tionen 85.
11/3, III/2, IV; wr. syll. and (in personal ndr-buu, m-u,
u- nu-'-u, un-nu-bu = nu-'u-[du]
names) I, Ni.TUK; of. mutta'idu, na'du B, Malku V 160ff.
san du, Sutanidi, tanattu, tanidu, tanittu. i = na-a-du Izbu Comm. 552; tu-na-'-ad
5R 45 K.253 ii 48 (gramm.).
i i- na-a-du Sb II 20, Idu II 138, Ea II 135;
i = na-a-du, nu-'-4-du Izi V If.; [Ar].i, [A]r.ri = 1. to praise, to extol - a) in lit.: itallalu
nu-'--du Izi J i 3f.; xia-a[--x = mu-'-u, Ar.I.I (var. Istar ahulap ina tedS i-na-ad-du belta they
a.r .MIN [1.1]) = nu-'-d-du Erimhus VI 15f.; (the warriors) shout the battle cry, "Istar,
i.ri - nu-'u-fdul Izi V 73; ib, ar = lu-'-ud-ka : have mercy," they praise the lady in the
lb - at-ta LAGAB A[N.TA], sr = na-a-du Haupt
melee Tn.-Epic "ii" 36; mu'abbit egruti zd'iri
Die Akkadische Sprache pl. 9 (= 13) K.4808:18f.;
[ka-al] [KA]L = na-a-du, [nu]-u-du A IV/4:284f.; i ni-'u-da(?) let us praise the one who
ta-ag TAG -= d SU.TAG.TAG u-ta-nu-du A V/1:230; destroyed the wicked enemies En. el. VI 154;
gun.LAGABkur.LAGABMIN = at-ta-'-id, h6.kur 4 . DN gugal mitrt ili li-na-du salgis let them
kur4 = lu-na-'-id ZA 9 164:20f. (group voc.); praise DN thirdly as the canal inspector of the
[kur-ku] [KAx SI] = nu-['ul-[du] Ea III 99 (Sum.
restored from A III/2 Comm. 4' and from sign canals of the gods En. el. VII 64; nisu deSdtu
name); [mi.zi], [mi.dug 4 ].ga, [mi. zi. dug 4 ]. matu sa ina asri gaknat li-na-du-ka let the
ga, [z .mi.dug 4 ]. ga = nu-'-4-du Izi H 152ff. numerous people (living) in the country that
dingir ar.ak.en u lugal.ra ba.an.na.ab. is well organized praise you BMS 11:29, see
b6 : ila ta-na-'-ad ana arri takarrab (when you
Ebeling Handerhebung 74; ilu sa zamaru 4dd
have seen the profit in revering your god) you will
praise (your) god and salute the king Lambert i-na-du (var. i-na-ad-du) ina asirtisu liktamr
BWL 229 iv 26; nam.A.gal.mu nam.gal.a.ni mir hegallu in the sanctuary of the god who
me.t6e ha.ba..ii : le'd[ti] .urbi[ssu] li-i-na- honors this song let abundance be heaped up
[du(?)] (see le~dtu lex. section) UET 1 146 v-vi 9 Cagni Erra V 49, cf. ili napharsunui-na-ad-du
(OB).
gud.da a.a.ri im.DU : qarrad ut-ta-'-ad (var. i-na-du) ittidu all the gods praised (the
I praise the warrior SBH p. 22 No. 10:64f., dupl. song) together with him ibid. 47; mdtdtu
ibid. p. 19 No. 9 r. 6f.; sir.zu un.sag.gi 6 .ga na parsinalimadma li-na-da(var. -du) qurdija
me.tes im.i.i.[x] : zimrika niiu salmat qaqqadi let all the lands hear it and let them praise
ut-ta-<na)-'-a-[da] all mankind sing songs in praise
my valor Cagni Erra V 60, cf. ibid. I 75; arki
of you KAR 119 r. 10f., see Lambert BWL 120.
ur.sag sul dUtu me.t6e he.i.i : qarrddu naria anna limur[ma] sumi li-'u-du [...]
eflu dgama6 li-it-ta-i-du-ka let them praise you, when a future ruler sees this stela of mine,
young hero 8amas Abel-Winckler p. 60:17f. of. let him honor my name KAH 2 26:14 (NA);
he.i.i : lut-ta-'-id (in broken context) SBH p. 59 kima sasu ana IGI ride bel mdtdti umand
No. 30:35f.; ll.igi.dug.a nam.dingir.zi
[h]6.6 : [ami]r li-ta-'-id ilutki may whoever sees i-ud ina sapti like him, with his lips he
me praise your divine majesty KAR 73 r. 24; praised .... the lord of the lands ....
ur.sag dingir.re.e.ne ni.tuk B.a kalag.ga Tn.-Epic "i" 19, see Lambert, AfO 18 50; epset
dumu.dEn.lil.lh : lut-ta--id qarradu ill gaSru iteppugu i-na-a(var. -ad)-du abbiiu his
upd2 mar Enlil I will praise the warrior of the gods,
fathers praised the work which he had done
the strong and famous son of Enlil BA 5 642
No. 10: f., also 3f. (hymn to Nergal); mu.pa. En. el. VI 85; kubur garniu i-na-ad-du (var.
da.zu dingir.re.e.ne.[ra] ar.zu ak.ak.da u-na-'i-du) mari ummani the craftsmen
ka.tar.zu ga.a[b.si.il] : zikir §umika [ana] ill extolled the thickness of its (the bull's) horns
lut-ta-'-[id] dalilika lud[lul] let me praise your Gilg. VI 170; sa Nabu ... a-na-dam belissu
name before the gods (and) proclaim your fame
4R 29 No. 1 r. 15ff. I praise the lordship of Nabu VAB 4 142 i 18
z .mi.mu z.mi.z6.en nam.gal.mu x[...] (Nbk.); uzgt [iru] belussu i-na-a-du i[lissu]
AN kur . ku. z. en : kunnaninni nu-'i-da-ni-ni PSBA 20 158:11 (hymn to Nabfi); libirna-du-su
ndr-bi-[e] qur-di-ia lit-ma-a-r[a] KAR 100: 6ff. may he who praises him stay in good health
(hymn of Istar).
(name of a gate) Iraq 36 44:54 (topography of
a.a.ar gal.gal.zu me.t6 h6..i.i.ne : tanas
datika rabiatim li-il-ta-ni-da let (the people) sing Babylon); [al-'-i-da ilissu rabitu (in broken
great songs of praise to you LIH 60 ii 14 (OB context) ABL 926:8 (NB let. of Asb.); note:
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nadu nidu
[... ]-us-su lu-ut-ta-'-id II lu-na-'-id Bollen- i-da Belet-Arba'ili OECT 6 pl. 11 K.1290:2 (NA
raicher Nergal 42 No. 7:1. prayer of Asb.), also nu-'-i-da Enlil Sutarriha
Ninlil Bauer Asb. 2 71 r. 7; andku Nabd bel
b) in personal names: Na-da-mah-ra-d qartuppi na-i-da-a-ni I am NabiU, the lord
MCS 9 No. 240:8 (OAkk.); Iftar-na-da TCL 21 of the stylus, praise me 4R 61 ii 39, also 33 and
255:2, for other OA refs. see Hirsch Untersuchun- vi 53 (NA oracles to Esarh.); atta ana jddi na-i-
gen 11b, 18b, 21a; Ilissu-na-da Praise-His- da-fan-nil (as for) you, praise me Langdon
Divine-Majesty UET 5 841:12, I-la-ak-na-ad Tammuz pl. 2 ii 21, cf. na-i-da-an-ni (in
ARM 14 47:16, for other OB refs. see Stamm broken context) ibid. pi. 3 iv 5 (NA oracles);
Namengebung 202, for MA see Saporetti Onomasti- limuru lu-na-i-du-ni let them (all people)
ca 2 138, for MB see Clay PN 186a; Lu-na-ad- see it and praise me Craig ABRT 1 23 ii 24 (NA
Istar I-Will-Praise-Istar VAS 7 154:19 (OB), oracles), cf. ammar emmuru 4-na-'-[u-du ... ]
cf. Lu-ha-ad-Marduk JCS 5 78 No. 19:23, ibid. 10:24, cf. u-na-'-u-du Urkittu ibid. 9:8;
abbr. Lu-ha-du-um ibid. 86 No. 25:21, etc., seme ikribi lu-na-i-id I will praise the one
see Landsberger, JOS 9 121 n. 2; i Li-'-4-du- who listens to prayers CT 15 3 i If. (hymn to
Nana Let-Them-Praise-Nana YOS 6 129:10 Adad), see Romer, Studien Falkenstein 185; in
(NB); dgulgi-na-da Nies UDT 91:302, Le- personal names: Ilak-nu-id MAD 3 189, for
grain TRU 311:6, for other OAkk. refs. see MAD 3 other refs. see Stamm Namengebung 103f.;
188f., and see Gelb, MAD 22 148ff.; in late names: [in]a kaliS mahazi lu-na-'-id belitki I will
Istar-I ABL 419:4, wr. Istar-na-'-id ABL praise your (fem.) lordship in every city
1034:11 (NB),etc., AjSur-na-'-id ABL 941:2, LKA 17:8, cf. ibid. 2 and 4 (SB hymn to Gula);
wr. Nabi-I ABL 633 r. 21 (both NA), wr. nu-'-id iluti (IStar speaking) Piepkorn Asb.
Nabi-Ni.TUK ABL 560 r. 1 (NB), and passim, 66 v 66; tazzaz RN ina tarsi ill rabititu-na-'-ad
see Tallqvist APN 60, 106f., 155f., also Na-'-id- ana Nabu you, Assurbanipal, will stand in
DN, wr. I-DN, see ibid. p. 166, and, for NB the presence of the great gods and will praise
refs., Bagh. Mitt. 5 268. Nabu Craig ABRT 1 6 r. 11 (NA oracles to Asb.).
2. I/3 to praise repeatedly: sa Marduk b) other occs.: sa ... nu-'u-da-at belussu
... epstusu naklti elis at-ta-na-a-du again (Sennacherib) whose rule is praised OIP 2
and again I praised the clever works of 136:21, 144:7 (Senn.); u-na-'-ad RN I will
Marduk VAB 4 122 i 32 (Nbk.); a Angar ina praise Assurbanipal Craig ABRT 1 9:1 (NA
upsukkanakki it-ta-'-i-du belussu they praised prayer); abutu annitusa Sarru
bell ih-su-<sa>-
the lordship of Afsur in the assembly hall an-ni lu-u-na-'-id I will praise this word by
BA 5 654 r. 7; albin appi at-ta-'-id ilussun I which the king, my lord, remembered me
prostrated myself and praised their divine ABL 1277:2, of. dbabbu lu-u-na-'-id ibid.
majesties Streck Asb. 84 x 31. r. 11 (NA); ki imurSi u ut-te-'-is-si dannis
when he (the messenger) saw her, he praised
3. nu'udu to praise, to extol - a) to
her very much EA 19:22 (let. of Tuiratta), cf.
praise gods: lu-na-id Itar garratu ildtim
kubur qarnisu 4-na-'i-du marl ummdni
I will praise Itar, the queen of the gods
Gilg. VI 170, cited mng. la; u ~a palhannima
RA 15 181 viii 11; lu-na-i-id surblta i-ni-li
umisamma u-na-ia-da-[an-ni] and he (the
qarratta let me praise the greatest (goddess),
carpenter) respects me (the date palm), every
the warrior among the gods VAS 10 214 i 1
day he praises [me] Lambert BWL 160:12
(both OB Agugaja); Igigi sa same lu-na-'-id laz
(MA), cf. nu-'-4-du (in broken context)
mur I will praise and sing of the Igigi of the
ibid. 184 E 5; see also KAR 100:6ff., in lex.
heavens LKA 36:4 (MA lit.), cf. etel ildni lu-na-
section.
'i-di LKA 64:2, lu-na-'-id DN BBR No. 68:32
(NA rit.); ularrahu[4]-na-'-a-duularbi bel bele 4. II/3 to praise profusely: halip radubs
they glorify, praise, and extol the lord of lords bati ... lut-ta-'-id il[iitk]a (you) who are
BBSt. No. 35 r. 5 (NB kudurru), cf. SurbA na-'- clothed in terrifying splendor, I will praise
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nadu nagabtu
your godhead B6llenriicher Nergal 50:2, also cipit?) "Her mercy is praised" BM 85563:4
LKA 29k r. 25, AfO 19 59:183, BMS 4:34, CT (courtesy E. Sollberger).
46 48 ii 13, Streck Asb. 368 o 23, wr. 14-ta-id In CT 38 10:6 (- Labat Calendrier § 1:4) read
BMS 21:70, see Ebeling Handerhebung 102 r. 20; bute A epessu in-na-ad-<di> the building of this
adndti limura[ma] lit-ta-i-da ilu[tka] Bauer house will be given up (unfavorable apod.), see
Asb. 2 49 r. 15; bullit aradk[alit-ta]-'-id qurdika nad4 A mng. lid.
keep your servant alive so that he may praise von Soden, ZA 50 176f.
your valor AfO 19 59:157 (prayer to Marduk),
nadunnfl see nudunnd.
cf. lu-ut-ta-'-id qurd[iSu(2)] Liverpool 63-188-
4:9 (courtesy A. Millard); ana nisi salmdt qaqs *naduppl see niduppd.
qadi lu-ut-ta-id tanattakunu I will proclaim
na'duru (nanduru) adj.; eclipsed, dark-
your praise to all mankind CT 39 27:10 (SB
inc.); epset Assur damqdti lit-ta-id-ma Levine
ened; SB; cf. adaru A.
Stelae r. 73 (Sar.), cf. epetija lit-ta-'-id Leh- UDgi-'dGAN - un-mu na-'-du-ru, u 4 .zalag =
mann-Haupt gamasumukin 10:21; luSdpi nars MIN nam-ru CT 18 30 iv 23f. (group voc.).
bika lut-ta-id (var. lut-ta-'-id) zikirka I will dtamar belti umi ukkuluti arh&na-an-du-
make known your deeds, I will praise your ru-ti andti .a niziqti (see arbu A mng. 3a-2')
name BMS 5 r. 8, var. from LKA 43 r. 12, see STC 2 pl. 81:72 (prayer to Ittar).
Ebeling Handerhebung 34:35; rubi ark ....
niqa liqqi zikri ASSur belija lu-ta-'-id let a naduu s.; (a word for offspring); SB.
future prince perform a libation and praise na-du-um, il-lu-ru, pi-ir-hu = MIN (= pi-ir-hu)
the name of my lord AA~ur Borger Esarh. 100 CT 18 3 iv 4ff.
§ 65 r. 57; liqb lit-ta-'i-du lidlula dalilisu na-[d]u(?)- i(var. [.. .]-su) bukur endu ul
let them tell, praise, and proclaim his glory x x z u sasri[u(?)] Lambert BWL 70:19 (Theo-
En. el. VII 24; dZI.SI muSebbi tebi ani lit- dicy).
ta-'-i-du let them praise DN secondly (as)
him who silences the rebels ibid. 41, cf. also En.
na'eltu s.; (mng. unkn.); syn. list.*
el. VI 136; see also ut-ta-<na>-'-a-[da]KAR mu-um-mu = be-el-tum, na-el-tum An VIII 5f.
119 r. 10f., and the refs. lutta'id, litta'id, in The two lines possibly represent textual
lex. section, also lutta'id (var. to luna'id) variants.
B6llenriicher Nergal 42, cited mng. la.
na'eru see nd'iru.
5. II/2 to be praised: li-it-ta-i-id belet
nagabbi§ see nagbu A mng. 2a.
nisi rabit Igigi let the goddess of men, the
great one among the Igigu, be praised nagabbu (nagbu) s.; sheaf, bundle; lex.*
RA 22 169:2 and 3 (OB hymn to Istar); see also
[ka]-r[a-din] [GJI.TM.NIGIN = ku-ru-u[1-lu], kil-
SBH p. 22 No. 9:64f. aisd dupl., in lex. section. Id, na-[gab-bu] Diri IV 215; ka-ra-din .~A:$,
1.K.AD.aR TIR. D.a ku-ru-ul-lu, ki-i .-t, na-
6. Sutanddu (same mng. as mng. 2): gab-bu (i.e., each log. explained by the same
[...] ana Su-ta-nu-di narbiu zikirSu [...] three terms) Diri V 210-218; mad.gu.la SAR =
belussu at-ta-id-ma [...] to praise his deeds, na-gab-bu (var. nag-[bu]) Hh. XVII 384; mAi.
to [...] his name, I extolled his lordship gu.la sAR = na-gab-bu = i-si-ih-tidcd ki[A-i] Hg.
D 255, in MSL 10 106; [mAi].gu.la = MIN (=
Bauer Asb. 2 49:18; sa Nabd ... alakti
iliitiSu srti kiniS us-te-ni-e-du I praised truly
nag-bu) 9d GIA.ii.GiR bundle of boxthorn Antagal
G 33.
the exalted ways of Nabfi's divine majesty
Possibly the same word as nagabu.
(for attanddu i 32, see mng. 2) VAB 4 122 i 36
(Nbk.); see also LIH 60 ii 14, in lex. section. nagabbu see nagbu A.
7. IV to be praised: 7 IM.aiD.DA a-Ju-la- nagabtu s.; (a place where domestic
ap-a in-na-id seven tablets (with the in- animals are kept); Ur III.*
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nagabu nagagu
a) with ref. to animals and their herdsmen: 12 610:6, ARM 9 208:10; 6 siLA na-ga-bi
31 udu 73 u s 46 mai.gal 50 uz na-gdb- ARMT 11 250:8.
tum. to Kang SACT 1 186:5, also 193:7; 1 udu Possibly to be connected with nagabu v.,
na-gdb-tum.ta Jones-Snyder 56:2; u.nigin q.v.
1 ab.mahx(AL) Su.nigin 19 gud.giS §u.
M. Burke, ARMT 11 141; Birot, ARMT 12 7.
nigin 1 ab.amar.ga e.tur.ta na-gdb-tum.
ta Limet Textes Sumbriens 86 r.v 14 (= Pinches nagabu (or nagdpu) v.; (mng. uncert.);
Amherst 52 xiii 14); 1 nu gud na-gdb-tum nu. Mari.
sum.ma ibid. obv. v 7;
amar na-gdb-tum
Reisner Telloh 5 x 11;
47:1;
Az na-gdb-tum
(newborn animals) ud.21.kam §a
ibid. Hammurapi goes to [...] sabusu siditam
na-gi-ib but his troops lack(?) (or: are
na-gdb-tum PN i.dab5 PN received on the provided with) travel provisions ARM 2 69
21st in the n. Fish Catalogue 241:7, also r. 6'.
240:7, 255:5, 272:6, 278:5, Kang SACT 1 67:6,

nagagu v.; to bray, to neigh, to produce
Jones-Snyder 14:5, and passim, see MAD 3 201;
a mournful sound; OB, SB; I iggug -
PN sip a na-gdb-tum Sollberger Correspondence
202, 238, 266, 343, 346 seals, also (all same per-
inaggag (also inaggug), 1/3; cf. naggigu,
son) Jones-Snyder 110:3.
ndgigu.
[gi].de - na-ga-gu Erimhu II 209; gdgu-dedd,
b) as place name: geme ...
gu.edin. [g]i.d.d6, [g]fi.gi 4 .gi 4 = na-ga-gu Nabnitu X
109ff.; gu.ddb, gd.d6, gu.ru.ru.g6 na-ga-gu
na.ta na-ga-ab-tum.se gin.na TCL 5 5669 Nabnitu B 229ff.; [ul-[ud] T i - na-ga-gu A
iii 3; u4 geme.t ur na-gdb-tum.kke(KID) 11/3:33.
tig.ba §u ba.ab.ti.a the day when the dingir.nf.ba.kex(KiD) arhul.sud Ab.
young slave girls from n. received the wages ginx(GIM) g5 im.me : ana ililu rmeni kima litti
i-na-ga-ag (var. iSassi) he lows like a' cow to his
(paid) in garments Bab. 8 pl. 11 No. 11 ii 3;
merciful god 4R 26 No. 8:19f.
(a boat) ka.id.da.ta na-ga-ab-tum. e
na-ga-gu = Sd-su-u Izbu Comm. 493.
BIN 5 132:15; li .na-gdb-tum.me Pinches Am-
herst 54:16, r. 9; note as "Flurname": a) referring to the braying of a donkey
a. na-ga-ab-tum d .ul.pa.eOr. 47-49 507 and neighing of a horse: summa imeru
r. 5; a.sa dsul.pa. e na-ga-ab-tum Fish i-nam-ga-ag (vars. i-na-ga-ag, i-na-gag, i-na-
Catalogue 611 r. 4; a.sa na-ga-ab-tum BIN 5 ag-ga-ag) if a donkey brays CT 40 33:4, vars.
269:7; a. na-gdb-tum Sollberger Correspond- from r. 3f., TCL 6 8:3, r. 1, and LKU 124 r. 15f.;
ence 153:3 (let.); 300 sa gi na-gdb-tum bal[a]. summa alpu ina bit ameli kima imeri i-nam-
a.ri.se PN he.na.ab.sum.mu let him give ga-ag if an ox in a man's house brays like a
PN 300 bundles of reed for the n. at the other donkey CT 40 32 r. 24, cf. ibid. 25; summa
side (of the river) Sollberger Correspondence sisu ana pan rube in-gu-ug-ma if a horse
242:4; for other refs. see Pettinato Unter- neighs in front of the prince CT 40 36:56 (all
suchungen 2 95ff. SB Alu).
Oppenheim, Eames Coll. 23; Sollberger Corre- b) referring to atypical sounds made by
spondence 155; Gelb, MAD 3 201. cattle and sheep: Summa alpi ina tarbasi
i-nam-ga-gu if cattle .... in the fold CT 40
nagabu (or nagapu) s.; (a foodstuff); OB 31 K.8013 r. 4, of. Leichty Izbu p. 198 K.6743+
(Mari, Rimah). :12; summa lahru i-na-gu-ug if a ewe ....
CT 41 11:25, also CT 28 38 K.4079a: 6 (all SB Alu).
x siLA halliirumana na-ga-bi x silas chick-
peas for n. ARMT 11 38:7, ARMT 12 70:5, c) referring to moaning or wailing sounds
107:7, 180:9, 181:6, 249:7, OBT Tell Rimah of human beings - 1' in comparisons: kima
191:2; x siL na-ga-bu (following a list of birim parsim <a> imeri i-na-ag-ga-ag he
bread and other items made of flour) ARMT (the sufferer) brays like the weaned foal of a
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nagahu A nagalti
donkey RB 59 242:6 (OB lit.), see von Soden, Or. pitam iptema u ana pitimma ana sekerim
NS 26 316; umma kima imeri i-nam-gu-ug ul illik na-ga-al-lu-ma lu iptetd ana minim s4
if he (the sick man) brays like a donkey ipte u na-ga-al-lu ana minim ana eqlija 5 x
STT 89:144; i-tam-gu-ug kima imerimma isniqunim he made an opening (in the dike),
bray incessantly like a donkey KAR 69 r. 6, but he did not go (again) to dam up the
see Biggs gaziga p. 76; lu a kima imeri i-nam- opening, the n.-men should have opened (or:
ga-gu or (be it a demon) who brays like a should have cultivated) (it), why did he open
donkey AfO 14 146:103 (bit mesiri). (it)? and why did the n.-men come near to my
field five .... ? Kraus AbB 1 33:37 and 39; PN
2' other occs.: [i-n]a-an-ga-ag kala umi ... warki tappesu uhhirammaina qdti suhrim
ul uspaiah he moans (parallel: [idd]am a na-gal-lim 1 IA el-qe-e-ma isbatusuma
mam), he does not calm down all day iktali u PN fell behind his colleagues, and
MIO 12 53:6 (OB lit.); i-na-ga-ga-am (in he(?) took one fish(?) from the servant of the
broken context) PBS 1/1 2:44 (OB lit.); ug- n., but they caught him and detained him
ga ug-ga tiba [tib4] Biggs gaziga 22:1, see dis- CT 4 27d: 8; uncert.: 20 DUG ia na-gal-lum
cussion ibid. p. 8.
(or 4an(a)gallum, in enumeration of vessels)
MDP 18 179:8.
nagahu A (gandhu) s.; 1. soured milk(?),
2. (a disease?); SB.* Possibly var. of lagarru,cf. na-ga-al LAGAR
t0 GA.KfN, GA.IAB, t ki-si-mu : IR na-ga-hu
Proto-Ea 165.
Uruanna II 492ff., v ga-n[a-hu(?)] : [$ MI] nagalmu§u adj.; exalted(?); syn. list*;
ibid. 494a.
cf. Sagalmusu.
1. soured milk(?): see Uruanna, in lex. na-gal-mu-u = git-ma-lu, .d-qu-u Malku I
section, and see kisimmu. 68a-69; na-gal-mu-§u = na-bu- Malku IV 178.
von Soden, Or. NS 20 152f.
2. (a disease?): will he be saved inadi'i
MU.AN.[NA (... )] Suruppe [(...)] MU.AN.NA nagalti (negeltd) v.; to awake, to wake
[... ] &na-ga-ah MU.AN.NA from di'u disease up; MB, SB; IV iggaltu (iggeltu), IV/2.
of the year, chill of the year, and n. of the
ki ittilu adi same lapati [ul] ig-ge-el-tu4
year? D.T. 144:7 and dupl. IM 67692:246 (ta-
after she had lain down, she did not wake up
mitu, courtesy W. G. Lambert).
until dawn BE 17 47:10, cf. ina same lapdti
ki ig-ge-el-tu-u ibid. 15 (MB let.); utulma inattal
nagahu B s.; uncivilized, rude person; sutta i-gi-il-ti-ma tabrit miui sa DN usabrisu
OB; Sum. Iw. usanna j&ti (a seer) lay down and had a
ana <na>-ga-hi-im annim ammini tuwas= dream, he awoke and repeated to me the
dersu why did you let him fall into the hands nocturnal vision which Itar had shown to
of this rude man? TCL 7 69:41, see Kraus, AbB him Piepkorn Asb. 66 v 51, also Streck Asb.
4 69. 192:26; [ina miiAi i]ttil i[i]g-gil-tu-ma Suttu
For Sum. lu.na.ga.ah, lu.na.ga.hu during the night he lay down and awoke
see beri'u and nd'u. For an interpretation from a dream Gilg. IX i 13; lupussuma li-ig-
of ga-hi-im as a WSem. word see von Soden, gel-ta-a amelu touch the man so that he
UF 4 160. wakes up Gilg. XI 206, cf. ilpussuma ig-gel-
ta-a (var. i-te-gel-ta-a) ibid. 218, te-et-[te]-
Landsberger apud Kraus, AbB 4 69. gel-ta-a ibid. 228; ag-gal-tam-ma aptarud
I woke up and was afraid Bab. 12 pi. 9 K.8563:
nagalapu see naglabu A. 13 (Etana); ig-gal-ti-ma (in broken context)
ZA 43 15:37, cf. ibid. 18:69; (baby at whose
nagallu (or naqallu) s.; (a profession?); crying) Ea ig-gi-il-ta-a [DN ig]-ge-el-tu-ma
OB, Elam(?); Sum. lw.(?). la isallal Ea woke up, [DN] woke up and
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nagalu *nagar ft
cannot sleep (again) AMT 96,2:12f., dupl. 3' other occs.: na-an-gu-la-ku-ma abakki
Sm. 1190+ i 4f.; note ina sittiSu li-ke-et(for -el)- sarpig I am .... and weep bitterly PBS 1/1
ta-a KBo 1 12 r. 14, see Or. NS 23 214. 14:13, STC 2 pl. 80:65; [....] na-an-gu-laatkula
Oppenheim, Dream-book 191. kudim sapda women are .... , in mourning(?)
and lamentation for you MIO 12 54 r. 10 (MB
nagalu v.; (mng. uncert.); MB, SB; I love lyrics); na-an-gul KI.SIKIL.ME§ ... ina
(only stative attested), II, IV; cf. *naglu. mati ibasi STT 339 obv.(!) 13 (astrol.).
e.ne.em.ma.ni ki.a ki.x.bi (var. di.[d]a.bi) c) nuggulu: see Bollenriicher Nergal, in lex.
kur ma.ma.na.nam : amassu Japlil ina aldkila section.
mata usappah // ,apli illakma mata d-nam-gal his
word, when it goes below, scatters the land, The meaning "to glow" proposed by
variant: goes below and makes the land .... Meissner BAW 2 47 f. was based on the variant
ZA 10 276ff. K.69 r. 23f., see Bollenriicher Nergal
gloss nenbuta in Thompson Rep. 223A r. 6;
34.
this gloss is, however, a variant and not an
[... ] // /inag-lu [...] Craig AAT 76 K.1463 explanation to the preceding nengula.
r. 2 (astrol. comm.).
For CT 31 49:26 and dupl. see qd A.
a) nagalu: summa MUL.SIPA.ZI.AN.NA
MUL.MES- i BABBAR nag-lu if Orion's stars nagamaru see *nagmaru adj.
are .... with a white sheen(?) 89-4-26,174:13,
dupl., wr. na-dg-lu BM 38301 17', wr. na-ag- nagappu s.; (mng. unkn.); Mari.*
lu K.3558: 4', cf. [summa immeru ikitti [1] na-ga-ap-pa-am [la]-ab-a-amsa salmim
enz]i sakinma u BABBAR na-gi-il if a sheep ana talbi napad meseti [lu-u]t(?)-te-eh I will
looks like a goat but is .... with a white .... [one] .... n. of a statue for covering the
spot(?) CT 31 30:18 (SB behavior of sacrificial .... ARMT 13 11:23.
lamb), cf. BABBAR na-gil Leichty Izbu IV 13,
SA 5 na-gil ibid. 14; [summa dTIR.AN.NA] nagapu see nagabu.
uruqsa na-gil if the yellow part of the
rainbow is .... (parallel: peli is reddish) nagapu see nagabu v.
ACh Supp. 61:4; summa bitu MIN (= tardnsu)
nagargallu s.; chief carpenter; SB, NB;
na-gi-il if a house's awning is .... (parallel:
Sum. lw.; wr. NAGAR.GAL; cf. naggdru.
etu dark) CT 38 14:14 (SB Alu); pesdtima kI
pizallurti mag-ku nag-lat kima diq[ari] you gin.nadNin.ildu nagar.gal.An.na.kex(KID)
: alik dMIN NAGAR.GAL-lum Sa dAnim go, DN, chief
are as white as a gecko, you have a .... skin carpenter of Anu 4R 18 No. 3 i 40f., also ibid. i 38f.,
like a pot Lambert Love Lyrics 120 col. B 16. 4R 18* No. 3 iii 4 and dupl. K.2699 r. i 1,
K.9879+ :7f.
b) nangulu - 1' said of stars: summa ina
ITI.GAN MUL.GiR.TAB ... ina tamartiu qar; ali dNin-ildu NAGAR.GAL (var. LT.NA[GAR.
ndsu nen-gu-la // nen-bu-ta if the horns of the GAL]) Anitija where is DN, the chief car-
Scorpion star, when it appears in the month of penter, serving me, the highest god? Cagni
Kislimu, are .... , variant: shining brightly Erra I 155; PN NAGAR.GAL TCL 13 228:16
Thompson Rep. 223A r. 5. (NB).
2' with libbu, kabattu: etapla elibumma nagarruru see gardru A.

ibakki sarpis na-an-gul libbasu mali dimta
the fox answered, weeping bitterly, his heart *nagarti v.; (mng. uncert.); SB; II1.
was .... , and his tears were profuse Lambert nammaid serigu ina hugahi usamqatma
BWL 194:12, also 198:4, 204:17 (fable), ZA 61 niqi ramgi ri-d-gar-sd (Adad) will fell his
56:152; kabtassu na-an-gul-lat-ma iht[a]m pasturing animals through famine and thus
matka his mind is .... and he (or: it) put an end(?) to the offerings for !amai
burns(?) you AfO 19 58:130 (prayer). Lambert BWL 114:44.
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nagaru nagbu A
The En. el. ref. ig-gar-gu-nim-ma illak[uni] owner, (with comm.) iggus means "it went
ilc rabtu kalidunu mujimmu [,imdti] all the away," (for example, in the line) he became
great gods who decree the fates came together afraid, went away, and went up to his
En. el. III 129 represents the IV stem of the mountain (i.e., disappeared) CT 41 31:19 (Al
verb gardiu B, q.v., cf. ga-ra-gu : te-bu-4 : Comm., to Tablet XLV); Ninurta (also: Ea)
ig-gar-§u-nim-ma i[l-la-ku-nim] A III/1 igrur irta'ub sadissu ig-gus became afraid,
Comm. A 7. In ACh Supp. 2 53 r. 16 and parallels, trembled, and disappeared RA 46 30 i 29, 40
also Leichty Izbu XXIII 33, the passive of the iv 7, restored from STT 21:147 and 22:29 (SB
verb garedu A, "to copulate," occurs, see Epic of Zu).
Reiner, RA 69 95f.
2. itangusu to wander around, to run
von Soden, Or. NS 20 153f. about, to rove, stroll: at-ta-na-ag-gi-is kima
nagaru v.; (mng. uncert.); NA*; I, IV; hdbilim qabaltu seri like an outlaw I rove in
cf. naggurtu. the middle of the open country Gilg. M. ii 11
(OB); DUMU.MES PN aa libbi matim it-ta-
ina
ma-ki-se-e TA
a) nagdru: andku ammar LUT gi-i-u the sons of PN, who roamed in the
Sarri belija la kendk 1 [GiN] KiJ.BABBAR r[al hinterland UCP 9 353 No. 24:12 (OB let.), cf.
il-fki-ial ina libbi fal-na-ga-ra LT.NAGAR. ina birit kimtija i-ta-ag-gu-Sa-am OBT Tell
MES-[ia al1 ina GN [dull]u eppaSuni ihtalquni Rimah 150:16; ina mti Sanitimma it-ta-nam-
am I less loyal to the king, my lord, than a gis he will wander about in another country
tax-collector? Do I demand(?) even one shekel BRM 4 15:29, dupl. 16:26, also, wr. DAG.DAG-
of silver for my sacrifices? My carpenters who gig ibid. 13:16; lit-tag-gig matka e tusisu even
work in GN have run away K.889 r. 13 (cour- if he makes incursions into your country, do
tesy S. Parpola). not go out to him AnSt 5 108:164 (Cuthean
legend), cf. i-tag-gig (in broken context) STT
b) IV: bis isammeu UN.ME[S] ma-a['-d]u-rte
121 r. 18; sedu [... ippar]Jiddumait-ta-nam-
i-la-kul-u-ni sa-hi-it-tu da arri [belija] ina
gi-si ahdti the protective spirits fled and were
dabdbi ma'di ta-na-gur later they will hear
roving elsewhere Borger Esarh. 14 Ep. 8 a B 17;
it, many people will come, and the wish of
ki tal-tal-ti lut-tag-gis ina ka[mati] I will
the king, my lord, will be .... through much
wander about outside like a .... ZA 61 52:78;
talk K.5432a+11465 r. 5, cf. LU GN ... ina
asru upsuqu ina sepija rimanid at-tag-gid in
matate Sa sarri in-na-gu-ru K.5581+ :9 (both
difficult terrain I crashed through on foot like
courtesy S. Parpola), cf. possibly Borger Esarh. 109
a wild bull OIP 2 26 i 71 (Senn.), and parallels
§ 69 iii 27, cited magaru discussion section.
58:21, 67: 10; note GIa.APIN.HI.A ga GN sa ina
For BE 6/1 35a see naqgru mng. Id. See la eqlim [i]t-ta-na-gi-sa the plows of GN
also nugguru. which "wander about" for lack of arable land
ARM 2 125:8 (Mari let.).
nag§u v.; 1. to leave, to go away,
2. itanguSu to wander around, to run about, 3. II/3 (same mngs.): asar saltimma e
to rove, stroll, 3. II/3 (same mngs.); OB, tu-ut-tag-ge-es do not stroll about where the
Mari, SB; I igguS, I/3 ittaggis - ittanaggi, lawsuits take place Lambert BWL 100:32;
imp. itaggiA, II/3; cf. muttaggiu, nugugsi. Gilgdmes ut-tag-gi-gam-ma [... ] Gilg. X i 5.
dag.dag = na-ga-4u d L1, si = MJN Ad iSti, Note that si.mul is otherwise equated
si.mul - M MIN d alpi Antagal VIII 193ff. with gegu, q.v.
6u.dag.dag - i-ta-gu-Sum Nigga Bil. B 199;
DAG.[DAG] // i-tan-gu-.4 Izbu Comm. 436; [al.dag. nagbu A (nagabbu)s.; 1. spring, fountain,
da]g - it-ta-na-gi-il MSL 9 92 i 9 (list of diseases).
2. underground water; OAkk., OB, MB, SB;
1. to leave, to go away: ana pan belidu wr. syll. and BAD.
ig-[gu-uS] // ig-gu-ud // il-lik // ip-lah-ma i-dim BAD = nag-bu A II/3 Part 5:11; BAD =
na
ig-gu-ud .d-da-a-S4 i-li (if a pig) goes to its nag-[bu] Antagal D b 16; BAD -ag-bu Proto-Izi
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nagbu A nagbu A
I 167e; BAD = nag-bu Igituh short version 109; high waters from the spring CH xliii 70, cf.
BAD = na-ag-bu MSL 14 125:711f. (Proto-Aa); zunna ina same u mila ina nag-bi ki iddinu=
BAD = nag-bu, [gu].si = MIN .d nap-ha-ri (see
nagbu B), [mas].gu.la - MIN dc GIS.r.GtaR (see nikku BE 17 24:21 (MB let.); Adad zunna
nagabbu) Antagal G 31ff. umasSiramma Ea upattira nag-bu-si meSrd
d na-ag-bu(var. -be)BAD = d -a CT 24 14:47, var. nubu u hegalla ina matija iSkun Adad
from KAV 51 r. 7 (list of gods), cf. na-ag-bu BAD brought rain, Ea opened his springs (and
= §v-ma Ea II 118; dLugal.a.ki.ral = dMarduk
9d nag-bi CT 24 50 BM 47406:2.
thus) brought forth wealth, abundance, and
dal-ha-mun AN.sUMX I four times, forming fertility in my land BBSt. No. 37:4 (Nbn.),
a cross (SL 8 323d) = na-gab nu-uh-6e (for context, cf. Adad zunniSu umaAira Ea upattira BAD.
see igibrd) CT 24 44:152; fd.MIN.idim.nu.uh.Ai ME§-i Thompson Esarh. pl. 16 iv 9 (Asb.), Streck
= [MIN (= ndr) MIN (= Ha-am-mu-ra-bi)nagab nu]- Asb. 6 i 45; Adad zunnisu Ea BAD-6u ubbas
uh-li Hh. XXII Section 6:11', cf. id.[Sal.am.su.
lu.nu.na.gab.nu.uh.i = sv = [...] Hg. BVI lam Adad will bring his rain, Ea, his springs
15, inMSL 11 40, cf. also id.dSin.ba.li.it.he.gAl ACh Istar 15:22, also Adad zunneu Ea nag-
= na-gdb nu-uh-6i Hh. XXII RS Recension A iv 10, bi-si ana mat Guti inandin Adad will give his
(with Hammurapi) ibid. 14, (with Samsuiluna) rain and Ea his springs to the Guti Thompson
ibid. 18.
Rep. 112 r. 1, cf. Ea na-ag-bi Adad samd[mi
idim.abzu.ta 1.NUN.ta e.a.me : ina
na-ga-ab apsi ina kumme irbd unu they grew up ... ] (in broken context) SEM 117 iii 11; x-ka
in the spring(s) of the apsii, in the cella CT 16 15 v BAD sa d'-a EN NUN.KI KAR 34:12; Adad
34f., of. ibid. 30f., CT 17 13:14; ta idim.ma ta ... bel nag-bi u zunni naratiSu limelld sakik
nu.mu.da.sa : mind ina na-ag-bi mind 3a la tak let Adad, the god of springs and rain, fill his
suda // mind ina na-ag-bi mind a la ibnikum what
is there in the spring that you did not reach, variant: (the violator's) rivers with mud BBSt. No.
what is there in the spring that he did not create for 6 ii 41; zinnu ina same milu ina na-ag-bi
you? 4R 30 No. 1:12ff.; kur.gal kur.idim.ta illaka RA 65 74:66 (OB ext.), for other refs.
um.ta.e.na.zu.se : idtu ladi rabi ad nag-bi ina see milu mng. Ic.
asika when you come out from the great mountain,
the mountain of the springs 5R 50 i 3f., see Borger, 2' beside tdmtu sea: attunuma ilj rabitu
JCS 21 3:2, of. kur.i.di.im.sikil.la.ta kur. musteSiru purusse ame u erseti [n]ag-bi ta-
eren.na.ta im.ta.e : ina add nag-be elli KUR
ereni usini they came out of the mountain of the m[a-tu]m you are the great gods who give
pure springs, the mountain of cedars STT 197:59f.; the right decisions for heaven and earth, for
a.i.di.im.sikil.la.ta NUNv.x.ta mu.a : me springs and seas Iraq 18 62:13 (SB lit.); bel
nag-be elluti 6a ina Eridu ibban ibid. 57f.; idim. nag-be u tdmati (Ninurta) god of springs and
kur.ra : ina na-gab ad CT 16 30:1f. and dupls.,
seas AKA 256 i 6 (Asn.), cf. KAR 26:14; bel
cited nadarbuu lex. section.
i-dim BAD = nag-bi RA 17 184 Rm. 2,38:16 BAD.MES sadi u tamdti (Marduk) god of
(astrol. comm.); uzu = nag-bu STC 2 pl. 57 ii 17. springs, mountains, and seas BMS 12:28,
32:9, see Ebeling Handerhebung 76 and 122; bel
1. spring, fountain - a) of a specific kuppi nag-bi e-de-e (possibly 6a(!)-de-e) u
river: MU RN na-kab Idiglat u Purattim tadmti (Marduk) god of fountains, springs,
iksudu year when Naram-Sin reached the .... , and seas Streck Asb. 278: 10, cf. dGUD.
spring(s) of the Tigris and Euphrates MAD 1 UD bel kuppu nag-b[u] x t&mati rapaSti
231 iv 3, also 236:10 (OAkk.); ina res ni da AfO 18 386:7; Ea bel nag-bi kuppi u ta-ma(!)-
Idiglat salam Sarrutija ina kapi sa lade ina a(!)-ti OIP 2 81:28 (Senn.).
sit na-ga-bi-sdabni at the fountainhead of the
Tigris, on the cliff where its spring comes out, c) me nagbi: ihtarpuni mil kiSSati ittag=
1 fashioned a relief showing me as king pulu menag-bi (see milu mng. Ic) Lambert
W() 1 468:36 (Shalm. III). BWL 178:27; kima me nag-bi dart zera[su]
dd[ri] like the water of a never-failing spring,
b) together with other sources of water - his descendants will never fail Lambert BWL
1' in contrast to zunnu rain: DN ... zunni 132:121 (hymn to Bamas); PT.HI.LI.TITM.MA ib:
ina same milam ina na-ag-bi-im literdu may nma ... me nag-bi(var. -bu) ddriti usabrd
Adad deprive him of rain from the sky and qerebdu he built (the well named) Puhilitum-
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nagbu A nagbu A
ma and let inexhaustible spring water flow ID.DA awat Slim 4-ul i-gu(text -ki) YOS 14
in it forever UET 8 102:12 (Sin-balassu-iqbi); 35:15.
amsi qdteja ... ina me BAD elluti $a ina Eridu
2. underground water- a) in gen.: ur-ri-
ibband I have washed my hands in pure
du-ma ilidunu 4-ri-du-ma na-gab-bi-is their
water from a spring that originates in Eridu
gods went down, they went down to the
Maqlu VII 120; ina Sat m.i anne me BAD
underground waters MVAG 21 88:12 (Kedor-
elluti uSt4eera ana put alpi in this midnight
laomer text).
watch I poured out pure spring water on the
forehead of (this) ox STT 73:115, see JNES b) as source of springs and rivers: 20
19 28; Ea gar apsi me nag-bi [...] (curse) mudari ana Supalu me na-ag-be lu aksud u ina
ABL 1105 r. 13 (NB treaty), cf. aj ihba me diri Sdtu temennija askun twenty mudaru
nag-bi let him not (be able to) draw water measures down I reached the ground water
from the spring AfO 8 20 iv 21 (A§ur-nirari V). and in that wall I placed my foundation
document Weidner Tn. 32 No. 18:8, cf. Winck-
d) with ref. to gods providing water in
ler Sar. pl. 34:128, 44:25, Lie Sar. 406, Borger
the springs: nag-bu uptettd (Marduk) opened
Esarh. 23 Ep. 30:22, OIP 2 113 viii 9 (Senn.);
a spring (in Tiamat's body) En. el. V 54;
kisirta ... istu muhhi me nag-bi-sa ina kupri
nag-bi-ka suptd open your springs (addressing
u agurri 5 oG .MES ulli (see agurru mng.
Ea) OIP 38 132 No. 6:4 (Sar.), see ZDMG 98 35;
lb-2') AKA 148 v 26 (Broken Obelisk); kima
pe-tu-u nag-be (Ninurta) who opens the springs
itte u kupri sa ultu na-ag-bi [il]ldmma like
AKA 255 i 3 (Asn.), cf. peti na-ag-bi-im TIM 9
crude and fine bitumen which well up from
49:2 (OB lit.); mustesir BAD.MES ndrti petu
underground ZA 43 14:9 (SB lit.).
mitrate (Marduk) who keeps in good order the
springs and the rivers, who opens the canals c) in epithets of gods: Ea sar apsi bel BAD
BA 5 385:7, see Ebeling Handerhebung 92; dJ-a- me la baldti lisqikunu may Ea, the king of
mu-u-te-sir-nag-bi-su Ea-Keeps-His-Spring- the apsi, the lord of the deep waters, give
in-Order (name of a gate of Dir-Sarrukin) you death-bringing water to drink Wiseman
Lyon Sar. 11:70, 17:88, cf. muherri nrdti Treaties 521; Ea EN BAD nemeqam ligaklilsu
[...] musabKu nag-bi [...] (Ea) who digs Marduk rd'im palsu be-el na-ag-bi hegallaSu
canals, who provides springs K.9902:11 GAL.LA ligaklilsu may Ea, the god of the
(prayer). underground waters, grant him perfect
knowledge, may Marduk, who loves his rule,
e) other occs.: nadrtisu ina na-ag-bi-im
the lord of the springs, grant him perfect
liskir may (Ea) dam up his rivers at the
abundance 5R 33 viii 16 and 20 (Agum-kakrime);
source CH xliii 8; kuppu ibri libbaka sa la
Arahsamnu Ja bel BAD apkalli ill Marduk
iqattu na-gab-[i] my friend, your heart is MN belongs to the lord of the underground
a well whose spring never gives out Lambert
water, the sage of the gods, Marduk 4R 33*
BWL 70:23 (Theodicy); DN ina dammi sa i 1, iii 49; Ea bel BAD AAA 22 pl. 11 iii 15 (SB
sade dammi sa nag-bi [li]padsirkama let rit.), UET 6 410:5, see Iraq 22 222; ilat nag-bi
Asalluhi release you by means of herbs of the
(in broken context) AfK 1 28 ii 29; ili sa
mountains and herbs of the springs Biggs na-fagl-be KAR 107:48; pdqid kigsat nag-bi
aziga 17 r. 16; Marduk sa nag-bi qdtadu la
(Nabu) who governs all the underground
inacid dama'u (see nabl A mng. 2a-2')
waters Borger Esarh. 79:9.
Lambert BWL 343:9 and 11 (Ludlul I); eqlum
ellum biltam mahir massaram harram ha-ri- d) in epithets of kings: RN-na-ga-ab-nu-
im-tdm na-ag-ba-am ula idu the (sold) field, uh-[si-im] Samsuiluna-Is-the-Spring-of-
free of claims, the tax having been received, Abundance (name of a canal, in year formula
has no (obligation? concerning) guard duty, of Samsuiluna years 3 and 26) Boyer Contribu-
watercourse, .... , (or) spring Tell Asmar 1930, tion 205:5, Pinches Berens Coll. 95 r. 7, and see
502: 11 (courtesy R. M. Whiting), cf. na-ag-ba-am Hh. XXII, Hg., in lex. section.
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nagbu B **nagduqqfi
See also nakdpu s. ii 16 (Nbn.), salmat aqqadi lur'am na-gab-
Su-un OECT 1 pl. 28 iii 53 (Nbk.); dAddu bel
In Hg. I 12a, cited igpikuilex. section, read rug-bu.
na-gab napigti lini[hka] let Addu, the lord
nagbu B s.; totality, all (poetic term); of all living beings, calm you (Sum. broken)
KAR 128 r. 25 (prayer of Tn. I).
OB, MB, SB.
guoa(var. GUD) = na-ag-bu(var. adds -i) (in c) of localities: madhzi sirutina-gab-si-nu
group with kullatu, napharu, kilatu) Erimhus V uSme [karmiS] all their lofty cities I turned
44. into ruins JNES 17 137:9; muwaknidu na-ga-
na-gab // nap-har Lambert BWL 74 comm. to ab hursani who subjugated all the mountain
line 57 (Theodicy Comm.), also Hunger Uruk 39:11,
see napharulex. section. regions AOB 1 134:10, also AAA 19 93:5
(Shalm. I), cf. kullat Quti u na-gab hurdani-
a) of gods: libukunimma ill na-gab(var. Sunu Weidner Tn. 54 No. 60:7 (Aiur-res-isi I);
-ga-ab)-su-nu let them bring along all the RN sa ... etebbira na-gab berate who crossed
gods En. el. III 7; ina mesi na-gab-su-nu all the swamps Winckler Sar. pl. 30 No. 64:15,
uzakkaruni umsu all of them proclaimed Lyon Sar. 2:11.
his name in their rites En. el. VI 166, cf.
zikri Igigi imbdi na-gab-su-un the names d) of knowledge: su ikgudu na-ga-ab
which all the Igigi had proclaimed En. el. ursim (RN) who acquired all knowledge
VII 137. CH iv 10; kullat nag-bi nemeqi nisirti kakus
galluti all the knowledge, the secret of the
b) of men- 1' of enemies: sa ... na-gab exorcist KAR 44 r. 7, cf. gimil na-gab nemeqi
(vars. na-ga-ab, na-kab) zd'erisu qssu ikSudu illuk l[iqti(?)] Lambert BWL 74:57 (Theodicy),
(RN) who personally defeated all his enemies cf. also x-ad na-ag-bi nemeqi ali mdhirka [... ]
AOB 1 62.26 (Adn. I), cf. galtu melammusu of all knowledge, where is one who can rival
usahhapu na-gab zajdri AfO 18 48 F 4 (Tn.- you? AfO 19 62:35 (prayer to Marduk).
Epic); sa ... urassiba na-gab garesu who
beat all his enemies Winckler Sar. pl. 39:62, e) other occs.: I§tar sa na-gab Suluhhu
also pl. 27:21, 30:16; kdsid GN u na-gab supqudu qdtugga into whose hands are given
resisu who captured Kutmuhi and all its all the cleansing rites Borger Esarh. 75:2;
allies AOB 1 62:22 (Adn. I); sa ultu sit amsi sa nag-ba imuru [lu-de]-di ma-a-ti let me
adi ereb Sami na-gab zdm&nisu zaqiqiS proclaim to the land him who has seen
imndma who from east to west reduced everything(?) Gilg. I i 1, and passim in catch
all his enemies to nothing Rost Tigl. III p. lines of Gilg.
42:2, cf. muhalliq na-gab zamdne En. el. VII
52; Sa ina siptisu elleti issuhu na-gab lemniti nagbu C s.; (mng. uncert.); Mari.*
who by his holy incantation extirpated all L.MEA§ hepZi a na-ag-bi-im lillikunimma
the evil ones En. el. VII 34, cf. mu'abbit let the hewers(?) of the n. come (and I will
na-ga-ab le[mniti] who destroys all the evil give them their presents, i.e., salary - in
ones PSBA 20 158:15 (hymn to Nabii); assuh context dealing with transport of NA4
na-gab Ahlame I uprooted all the Arameans "stone") ARM 14 26:24.
OIP 2 77:13 (Senn.), cf. na-gab Arime Winck-
The word either designates a specific stone
ler Sar. pl. 37:12, 38:13, 40:19.
or is a geographical term.
2' other occs.: arkaAkkadd litbema naphars
Sunu lidamqitma lir'a na-gab-ui-un later on, nagbu see nagabbu.
let the Akkadian arise and overthrow them
all, let him shepherd all of them Cagni Erra **nagduqqQ to be read kaptukkil, coll.
IV 136, cf. ana ddridti lure'e na-ga-[ab] arri M. Civil; add the refs. Hh. X 18, AMT 44,4:10
forever I will shepherd all the kings PBS 15 80 s.v. kaptukkd, CAD 8 (K) p. 19J.
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naggaru naggaru
naggaru (nangaru) s.; carpenter; from Bus.Doc. 64:5; bit PN NAGAR BE 6/2 10:27; 10
OAkk. on; Sum. lw.; wr. syll. and NAGAR; (sILA) na-ga-ru-um UET 5 588:16, cf. Birot
cf. nagargallu, naggaru in rab naggdri, nag: Tablettes 51:20, wr. LT.NAGAR (in lists of
gdrtu. rations, etc., together with other professions)
b
[na-(an)-gar] NAGAR = [na-an-ga-ru] S I 350;
VAS 9 89:5, and passim; PN na-ga-ru (as
ld.gis.iu.kdr = nam-ga-ru (in group with witness) JCS 11 21 No. 6 r. 4; PN NAGAR
gurgurru, zadimmu, purkullu) Antagal C 254; VAS 7 164:16, TCL 10 69:5, UCP 10 87 No. 11:27,
[li].giA.u.kr - na-ga-ru (var. nam-ga-r[um]) 81 No. 6:11, Grant Bus. Doc. 23:18f., 25:19.
Erimhu III 33; gis. u--uk-KAR = na-ag-ga-rum
ZA 9 159:18 (group voc.); [lu.gi.A]u.k4r - 3' in Mari, Shemshara: naphar 13 LU.
nam-ga-r[um] Lanu D 22.
[...] = [ki-kdt-tu-u Ad L]I.NAGAR Antagal A NAGAR.MES Sa halsim akmisamma ... ana
172; [i]e.gin - si-mat n[a-ga-ri] Antagal F 280; sir belija ustriunu[ti] in all, I gathered
S[e.gil-ifN - [6]i-mat L1.NAGAR (var. [na]-ga-ri) 13 (above-named) carpenters (designated as
Erimhui II 159; [ge].gln = i-ma-a-at LT.NAGAR SI.LA PN) from the district and sent them to
Imgidda to Erimhus C 8'.
my lord ARM 14 47:23, cf. ibid. 5, 27, also
lu.gil.Au.kAr gig.mar.zu sa h4.ri.ib.gi.
[g]i : na-ga-a-rum eriqqakaligtersi let the carpenter nipdt LU.[N]AGAR.MES ibid. 30; LU.NAGAR
put your chariot in readiness (for the battle) (together with other craftsmen) RA 35 2 i 17
2N-T343 (- A 29975) r. 4; nagar (var. lu.nagar) (Mari rit.); 1 Ll 1 TUR LU.NAGAR ARM 7 120:34;
ld.kin.gi 4 .a ab.ia6 di.di : nam-ga-ru ka sipra 4 LU.NAGAR.MEA ibid. 181:16, ARM 9 27 ii 4;
dummuqa iqabb4 the carpenter, who knows how to
do good work (should crush you, stone, like malt) PN NAGAR Laessoe Shemshara Tablets 69 SH
Lugale XII 43. 867:13.
a) in gen. - 1' in OA: PN na-ga-ru-um 4' in Elam: field for PN NAGAR MDP 18
ina GN PN, the carpenter, is in GN Anatolia 8 129 r. 3, also MDP 28 447:4, barley ration for
148:14; [x] Siqil kaspum [.s-im] na-ga-ri-[im] PN NAGAR MDP 18 87:2, cf. 145:13; as
OIP 27 32:8, cf. (in broken context) ibid. 40: If. witness: PN na-ga-ru MDP 23 285 r. 8, 323
r. 8; PN na-ga-rum MDP 23 324 r. 12; PN
2' in OB - a' in letters: PN NAGAR NAGAR MDP 22 5:4, 16:38, 52:21, MDP 24
attardam I herewith send you the carpenter, 331:23.
PN Kraus AbB 1 67:14, cf. TLB 4 25:17 and 20,
5' MB:in one mina seven shekels of
VAS 16 74:8 and 10; eqel NAGAR a ana PN
copper for PN LUT.NAGAR BE 14 123a:9;
nadnu the carpenter's field which was given
a field Bit PN LU.NAGAR MDP 2 pl. 21 i 22;
to PN BIN 7 13:11, cf. 16; mimma eqlum
in lists: LU.NAGAR BE 14 65:23, PBS 2/2 59:8,
sibit NAGAR.MES ul nadigum no field held
NAGAR PBS 2/2 92:4, 106:17, 130:7, 21, and 25,
by the carpenters was given to him Kraus
BE 14 91a:42, 151: 8, see Torczyner Tempel-
AbB 1 59 r. 9', cf. ibid. obv. 13, also A.§A sibit
rechnungen 123a; PN LU.NAGAR (witness) BE
PN NAGAR TCL 7 36:5; LU.NAGAR.ME§ la
142:25.
ikkalld the carpenters must not be delayed
TCL 17 69:23; NAGAR la ubazza'u they 6' in MB Alalakh: wooden objects sa 7
must not press the carpenter into corv6e work LU.ME§ NAGAR.ME§ Wiseman Alalakh 417:9,
VAS 16 79:8, of. ibid. 18f.; PN 8a NAGAR kus cf. GI.MES ... ana qdti PN NAGAR ibid. 422:2;
nukkiu ueptiguma I had PN, the man of PN LU.NAGAR E.GAL ibid. 129:56, cf. LU.NAGAR
the carpenter, open the seals (of the bag) LUGAL ibid. 50, 54, 58, see WO 5 71 No. 18.
CT 29 39:4; ana qati LT.NAGAR inaggar he
distributes (sticks) to the carpenter TLB 4 7' in Nuzi: PN NAGAR (listed among
52:37. weavers) HSS 13 33:17; PN PN, ardisu
LU.NAGAR ana tidenniti ... ittadin PN has
b' in leg. and adm.: [x kaspum idii] given PN, his slave, a carpenter, as security
NAGAR CH § 274:35; PN NAGAR (contracts a JEN 290:4; barley given to PN NAGAR
loan) UCP 10 97 No. 21:5 (Ishchali), cf. Grant HSS 13 132:8f., 367:22; PN Lf.NAGAR (wit-
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naggaru naggaru
ness) JEN 103:15, 305:19; PN NAGAR (in in all, six carpenters, who were sent to the
broken context) JEN 665:7; PN LI.NAGAR forest of the Lady-of-Uruk to cut(?) lumber,
RA 23 160 No. 73:3. cuttings, and branches (and) to deliver (them)
to Eanna John Frederick Lewis Collection No.
8' in MA: isse §a nihhuruniana LT.NAGAR. 7:19 (courtesy H. G. Stigers), see Renger, JAOS
MEi Sahkim birti eneSunu maddid show the 91 500f.; PN Ll NAGAR YOS 7 32:16, 95:43,
carpenters the beams we have received and VAS 6 248:22, TCL 12 93:8f., 14, and 16, AnOr
explain to them KAV 113:13 (MA), see Ebeling 9 9 iii 11ff., TuM 2-3 238:52, BIN 1 174:59, YOS
Stiftungen 29. 6 229:35, UCP 9 98 No. 35:16, Nbn. 237:8, 411:4,
9' in SB: NAGAR(var. adds .MES) zadimmu 876:6, Camb. 333:2, qgme LIT.NAGAR.MES Dar.
grurru purkullu ... lu userib I installed 104:3, cf. Nbn. 376:3, LU.NAGAR.ME YOS 7
(in their workshop to prepare for the building 4:1, VAS 6 88:16, AnOr 9 8:25, and passim in
of a temple) carpenters, stonecutters, wood- ration lists; seal of PN L.NAGAR BRM 1 88:27;
workers, and seal-cutters Borger Esarh. 83 r. PN NAGAR (witness) VAS 3 13:19, TCL 13
29; uma pukku ina bit LIT.NAGAR lu ez[ib] 228:14, LTJ.NAGAR Speleers Recueil 298:32, AnOr
(corr. to Sum. u 4 .ba giS.ellag.mu e. 8 3:42, BRM 1 88:33; x shekels anaidi elippi
nagar.ra.ka nu.us.ma.da.gal.am line ina pan PN LY.NAGAR for the rent of a boat
72, courtesy A. Shaffer) Gilg. XI 308 (catch line) at the disposal of PN, the carpenter UCP
= XII 1; LiU.NAGAR mudd ittarak K[I] x [...] 9 114 No. 60 r. 5; rations for PN Sa bit LT.
the skilled carpenter .... Lambert BWL NAGAR.ME§ CT 4 41c: 17.
178:33, cf. LU.NAGAR (in broken context)
c as "family name": PN DUMU LU.NAGAR
ibid. 160:11.
VAS 1 35:9, 36 iii 25, TuM 2-3 106:12, CT 4 31c:9,
10' in NA: let fifty workmen come [ina] Moore Michigan Coll. 26:7, PN mdru a PN
pani LT.NAGAR.MES lizzizu and be at the A Lt.NAGAR Camb. 412:4, Nbn. 680:1, BRM 1
disposal of the carpenters ABL 95 r. 10; 85:6, YOS 6 157:16, 7 9:13, AnOr 8 10:18, VAS
dulli LUT.NAGAR u kabSarri ABL 476:21; 1-en 3 97:16, 102:14, VAS 6 95:35, TCL 13 174:16,
LT.NAGAR.MES iSSU libbijunu ina pan garri and passim in NB.
belija ittalka one of the carpenters from
b) with ref. to the artifacts - 1' boats:
among them went before the king, my lord
ABL 87 r. 7; LU.NAGAR.MES (beside seleppaja
[...] NAGAR ... Sa MA.U 5 ... ipusu the
carpenter who made the boat Jacobsen Co-
and bronze smiths) Kinnier Wilson Wine Lists
penhagen No. 67:1 (OB), cf. LIT.NAGAR.ME§
pl. 47 ND 10009:34; PN L.NAGAR (witness)
. .. qqssunu lik1unuma GI§.MA.TUR.HI.A lipus
ADD 231 r. 10, 159:5, 178 r. 8, 292 r. 5, 474 r. 11;
2 1.MES L.NAGAR.MES-ni JCS 7 140 No. 85:16
Su ARM 1 25:5 and 11; PN NAGAR ... ana
MA.i.DUB a qatijanadnam the carpenter, PN,
(NA census list from Tell Billa).
was given to me for (work on) the cargo boat
11' in NB -a' in letters: LU.NAGAR.MES which is under my command KrausAbB 1 58:8;
ds-nu Suprassunuti (these erib biti about LI.NAGAR.ME§ mald h u atkuppi ... MA.i.
whom the king said) they are carpenters, DUB lipus let the carpenters, boatmen, and
send them to me ABL 475:10; ina muhhi reedworkers build a cargo boat LIH 8 r. 10'
Lff.NAGAR-d concerning his carpenter BIN 1 (all OB); LP.NAGAR elippeti (in broken con-
45:16; LI.NAGAR ina panijajdnu there is no text) Borger Esarh. 114 § 80 i 15, cf. UCP 9 90
carpenter at my disposal CT 22 57:8, cf. BIN 1 No. 24:23, YOS 6 237:12, GCCI 1 379:8 (all NB),
46:22, YOS 3 200:45. cf. na-ga-[rum n]a-di pa-as-[x] Lambert-
Millard Atra-hasis 90 III ii 11, restored from Gilg.
b' in leg. and adm.: (six persons) naphar XI 50.
6 LV.NAGAR.ME§ sa ana rGIS.TIR1 Sa Bilti a
Uruk a-na da-ku ~d GI8 S u-sa-bu ku-pu-ru-4 2' doors: umma L1.INAGAR.ME a daltim
1GIS u-re-e a-na E-an-na a-na za-bi-li ap-ru ana ebiirim talput waddiruniitidalassunu lis
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naggaru naggaru
qatti in case you gave a work assignment to four iron nails, wood for pegs RAcc. 6 iv 33;
the door carpenters for the harvest, set them 2 kundulu siparriezub TUR.TUR sipirNAGAR(?)
free, let them finish their door ARMT 13 CT 2 1:13 and dupl. 6:15 (OB); paint for a bed
40: 8ff.; daldti a beli gamdra iqbi LXr. GIS ajari GIS.HUR ana nade PN NAGAR imhur
NAGAR.MES PN ilteqZ[ma] daldtisu ultesbi[tu] PN, the carpenter, received to paint rosettes(?)
PN's carpenters took the doors which my BE 14 74:6 (MB); muhri sa LI.NAGAR mustu
lord ordered to be finished, and hung his pilakku u dudittiki receive from the carpenter
doors PBS 1/2 44:13 (MB let.); rations for the comb, the distaff, and your pectoral
PN NAGAR a GIS.IG is-si-ra PN, the carpenter, (addressing LamaStu) RA 18 167:28 (Lamastu
who coated(?) the door Peiser Urkunden inc.); ana NAGAR taqabbima 2 NU.MES dupranu
127:9 (MB), cf. 40 GIS.MES GsaSigu PN LT. you say to the carpenter: (Make) two figurines
NAGAR ilteqesunuti u dalta ana PN, [itep]uS of juniper wood (and other wooden figurines)
AASOR 16 1:14, cf. ibid. 21 (Nuzi); PN LU. BiOr 30 178:11 (rit.); I did not make it LU.
NAGAR GIS.IG.ME (in ration list) YOS 7 4:12, NAGAR GIS.DUB.NUN.NA ipuS 4R 25 ii 25;
AnOr 8 26:18, Moore Michigan Coll. 89:38, AnOr LI.NAGAR a GIS.BANSUR.MES WO 5 66 No. 10:6
98:10 (all NB). and 8 (translit. only, = Wiseman Alalakh 134);
note LU.MES NAGAR is-Si (were formerly not
3' wagons, chariots: istu amsdli GIS.MAR.
subject to corvee work) KBo 6 6 i 21, see Fried-
GID.DA.IJI.A LU.NAGAR.MES sabtu since yester-
rich Gesetze 34 § 54.
day the carpenters have been at work on the
wagons TLB 4 51:6 (OB let.); iskaru a LT. c) organization: PN UGULA.NAGAR Gelb
NAGAR.ME§ ina MU.23.KAM work assignment OAIC 39:11 (OAkk.), UET 5 12:6 (OB), cf. PN
of the carpenters for the 23rd year (followed NU.BANDA NAGAR UET 3 361 seal; note E
by a list of chariots to be made by various NAGAR carpenter's shop UET 3 1498 r. ii 17;
persons) PBS 2/2 81:1 (MB); umma PN LU. 3 NAGAR ja amaS Riftin 105:3 (OB), 7 NAGAR
NAGAR i8seandku artakassunuti PN, the LU.HUN.GA.SE ibid. 2, Sa BAL.A ibid. 5;
cartwright, said: I have joined the timber rations for LII.NAGAR.MES da sarri the
(used for chariots) HSS 13 283:7; LU.NAGAR carpenters belonging to the king Nbn. 729:10,
(receiving material for chariots) HSS 15 also Evetts Ev.-M. 23:7; PN LU.NAGAR sa bit
202:13 (both Nuzi); Ll.MES NAGAR.ME S a il carpenter of the temple BRM 2 56:5, 20;
GIS.GIGIR (heading of list) Wiseman Alalakh sa hadri sa LU.NAGAR.MES of the association
220:1 (translit. only); LT..NAGAR GIS.GIGIR of the carpenters BE 10 99:1, also BE 9 96:4;
MRS 12 93:13; PN LU.NAGAR GIS.UMBI[N] ,aknu a LU.NAGAR.MES BE 1099:4, 19 (all NB).
wheelwright ADD 328 r. 9, Iraq 12 194 ND For nagar in Pre.-Sar. see M. Lambert,
261, ADD 50:3, TCL 9 57 r. 20, Borger Esarh. 114
Sumer 10 177f., see also UET 3 index s.v., BIN 8
§ 80 i 15, wr. NAGAR mu-gir ADD 822:7, p. 52 index, and passim in Ur III. The reading
LI.NAGAR GI mu-gir-ri Postgate Palace Archive
of LU.NAGAR.U 5 CT 49 115:3, 118:4, 124:3,
91:37, also ADD 50:3.
125:3, 126:3, 128:4, 168:8,170:2 is unknown.
4' other artifacts: LUT.NAGAR LU jam adm E. Salonen tber das Erwerbsleben im alten Meso-
sa lamassam [ipp]esu the carpenter from potamien 60ff.; Renger, JAOS 91 498.
Jamhad, who works on the lamassu statue
ARMT 13 42:5, cf. NAGAR.MES le'4tu itika naggaru in rab naggari s.; NA, NB;
iba~id (see le'd adj.) EA 10:32 (coll. from wr. GAL NAGAR; cf. naggaru.
photograph); LI.NAGAR iSassima erena u bina Lo.GA[L.NAGAR] (preceded by LO.NAG[AR ... ],
inaddinSu he calls the carpenter and gives followed by a section on smiths) MSL 12 234 ii B 4
him cedar and tamarisk wood (for making (NA list of professions).
statues) RAcc. 132: 193, cf. ibid. 198, cf. udd PN LI GAL NAGAR ADD 161 r. 6, 814:9;
L1r.NAGAR 1 kummu 4 sikkt parzilli issi ana PN LU GAL iE t a LT GAL.MES NAGAR VAS 6
sikkdti tools of the carpenter: one kummu, 267:13 (NB).
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naggarutu nagiru
naggiruitu s.; craft or trade of the car- nagiru s.; 1. herald, 2. (a high official in
penter; SB, NB; cf. naggaru. Assyria and Elam); from OA, OB on; pl.
NAGAR-ti ipus (if in his dream) he practices ndgiri (ndgirdtu HSS 16 105:6); wr. syll.
the carpenter's trade Dream-book 308 i 15; and NI-MIR (Tnt-gund or its graphic variants
LU.NAGAR-u-t[u] dullu qdteSu gabbi mala NIMGIR = DUL and IL), 600 (8L 13 891); cf.
Asma lamdu ulammassu he will teach him nagirtu, ndgiru in rabi ndgiri, ndgiritu.
the carpenter's craft, his entire trade, nim-gir NIMGIR = na-gi-ri S b II 8; mi-gi-ir
NIMGIR = na-gi-ru-um MSL 2 149 iii 10 (Proto-
whatever he himself was taught Zeitschrift
Ea); nimgir.gal, nimgir.uru, nimgir.mah,
fiir die Kunde des Morgenlandes 2 pl. after p. 324:6 nimgir.u§.bar, nimgir.mar.tu OB Proto-Lu
(NB), cf. ibid. 4. 421ff., in MSL 12 47 f.; GAL : NIMGIR, SIGy : NIMGIR
MSL 12 10:62f. (ED Forerunner to Lu A);
For ABL 1110:17 see nakru mng. 2f.
nimgir.gal, nimgir.la ibid. 13:51f.; fL - na-
gi-rum Ugaritica 5 137 ii 51.
naggigu (nangigu) adj.; braying, moaning; [1]i.bi.ir = na-gi-rum, ha[z]annu 5R 16 iv 35f.
lex.*; cf. nagagu. (group voc.); NI.NI.NI = mar mar ma-ri-im =
lI.gu.d6 = na-dg-[gi-gu] OB Lu V 9a, in MSL na-gi-rum Studies Landsberger 24:114 (Silben-
vokabular A).
12 183; gl[x]-xd[6] = [na]-an-gi-gu Nabnitu X 116.
dMes.sag.unugkt nimgir.kullabki.kex(KD)
nam.ti.la silim.ma.mu egir.mu gin.gin.
naggurtu (or nagurtu) s.; (mng. uncert.); ne : dMIN na-gi-ri Kullabi ana balatija u alamija
NA*; cf. nagaru. arkija littallak may DN, the herald of Kullab,
walk continually behind me for (the protection of)
LU Ku-ma-a-a-e LU da-ia-a-lisa issu Kume my life and well-being CT 16 3:88ff., cf. dMes.
ana na-gir-te illikuni udini la illakuc[ni] am: sag.unugki.ga nimgir kul.aba 4ki : dMIN na-
makamma sunu the scouts from Kume who gi-r[i Kullab] SBH p. 139 No. IV 137f.; zi
dHendur.sag.gh nimgir.sil.a.sig.ga.kex 136 .
went from Kume for n. have not yet arrived,
pad : ni. dIum na-gir (var. NIMGIR) siuqi aqummi
they are (still) there ABL 544:18; sarru bell
uda aki issu libbi mat Urarti halquni
ina
lu tamdt be conjured by Iium, the herald in the
silent street CT 16 15 v 21f.; dHendur.sag.ga
mat Assur ana na-gir-te sununi the king, my nimgir.gal ... sag.ga.na a.ba.ni.in.gub
lord, knows that they fled from Urartu (and) dIsum na-gi-ru (var. na-gir) rabu ... ina repisu
lizziz may Ium, the great herald, stand at his head
are in Assyria for n. ibid. r. 3, cf. Ja ana na- ASKT p. 98-99:47, see Borger, AOAT 1 14:265,
gir-te [... ] usabbutu Sm. 1809 obv.(?) 7' (cour- var. from CT 16 46:178f., also AAA 22 86:126f.;
tesy S. Parpola). dHendur.sag.ga nimgir.gi 6 : [dfIum] na-gir
muii CT 16 49:304f.; dUr.dEN.zu.na nimgir.
nagguru see nakkuru adj. es.bar.ra.kex : rd1-ma na-gi-ir a-hat A 5R 52
i 29f., also (Sum. only) SBH p. 26:10, 85:15,
nSgigu adj.; braying; SB; cf. nagagu. 136:11; urf nimgir.ra nu.mu.un.na.ab.se.
ga.ri ni.bi nu.mu.un.na.ab.s6.ga.[ri] : alu
dar.dar.re = na-gi-gu (replacing KA.da.ra = aa na-gi-ri la usahhiruSu ina ra(ma>niduuStatahrir
sa-[...]) Erimhu IV 164; an e.g.d6 = na-gi-gu, the city which the herald did not round up(?)
~d-gi-gu braying donkey Hh. XIII 368f.; duir. became lifeless by itself SBH p. 31:1f.; uga
gu.d6 = na-gi-gu, Sd-gi-gu Hh. XIII 377f. mugen nimgir.dingir.re.e.ne.kex g.zi.da.
miira na-[gi-ga ... ] he should not buy a mu bi.in.tab : driba i§~~ra na-gi-ir ili ina
imnija atmuh in my right hand I held the crow,
braying donkey Lambert BWL 95:7 (Instruc- the bird, herald of the gods CT 16 28:64f. (coll.),
tions of Suruppak), corr. to dudrr gd.di na. dupl. K.16731:1, see Bezold Cat. Supp. p. 220.
ab.a m.sa m see Civil and Biggs, RA 60 3:7. ur.sag.gal li.bi.ir dHendur.sag.ga (with
gloss) na-gi-ru dlIum Bllenriicher Nergal 31:23.
nagimu see ligim4. .
[...] na-gi-ru An VIII 42.
Ja iqba la-pu-ut-tu- na-gi-ru Jani hai-za.nu
nZgirtu s. fem.; herald; SB*; cf. ndgiru. what (the lexical texts) say: laputtit means n. or
mayor (explanation of NT.BLNDA) CT 31 11 i 12
dO.AN.NA Sassukkat ill na-gi-ra-atdA-nim
(SB ext. comm.); uncert.: na-gi-ri KAX AD+KtT
DN, the bookkeeper of the gods, the herald of ... II a-i-pu JNES 33 331:7 (comm.), comm. on
Anu HSM 7494:14 (courtesy W. L. Moran). na-gi-ri um-ma Belet-il idtanassi ibid. 6.
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nagiru nagiru
1. herald - a) in gen. - 1' in OA: officers have taken donkeys and done their
5 MA.NA ana .im bit na-gi5 -ri-im i9Siqil five work, but the people of Nuzi do not have
minas (of silver) was paid as the price of the donkeys and therefore have not done their
herald's house CCT 5 8a: 31; kaspam paniam work HSS 5 105:14; x barley istu biti ga
... ana bit na-gi-ri-im istaqludu they paid PN PN2 u PN3 2 Lt na-ki-ra-tum ... iltequ
the previous(ly sent) silver to the herald's PN2 and PN3, two n.-officers, have taken (as
house BIN 6 178:18; possibly a personal loan) from the house of PN HSS 16 105:6,
name: MA.NA weriam ana na-gig-ri-im also, wr. LU na-ki-rum ibid. 88:3; alikmami
addin I gave one-third mina of copper to the [ana PN] Lu na-ki-rum u di NE [... ] Susisus
n. BIN 4 191:4, tertaka isti na-gi5 -ri-im lil: nuti (for context see kurusit B) JEN 370:10;
likamma let a report from you come with PN LU na-ki-ru Sa TRU Nuzi kim 2 ANSE.MES
the n. RA 59 172:14; collect the silver and ... aar PN LTJ dakin mati ut-ta-ha-za-an-ni-
ana na-gi5-ri-im dinma lublam give it to the n. mi i 2 ANSE.MES ana PN umalla SMN 3238:6,
so he can bring it TCL 19 45 r. 6. cf. PN na-ki-[ru] a URU LUGAL HSS 14 34:4,
also 36:5; seal of PN LT na-ki-ru HSS 16
2' in OB, Mari, Elam: PN warad PN2 460:12, JEN 478:28, HSS 5 63:23; PN LU
NIMGIR PN, slave of the herald PN2 MDP 28 na-ki-ru (witness) JEN 87:39, also 204:39,
424:2 and 9; IGI PN Lt na-gi-ir (uncert.) 255:50,311:22, PN na-ki-ru (witness) HSS
CT 2 9:21; PN na-gi-rumsa Bdbilim (witness) 5 63:10; for PA.NIMGIR.ERIN.MES (in Hitt.
CT 8 40a:2; PN NIMGIR (witness) TCL 10 context) KBo 10 25 vi 34, IBoT 3 66:4, see
15:22, also YOS 8 76:29, YOS 13 354:14, of. ibid. Giiterbock, Otten AV 74.
191:17,341:10; PN LU na-gi-r[u] (in ration
list) ARM 7 215:10. 5' in NB: dates received by PN mar
sipri Sa LT.NIMGIR a messenger of the n.
3' in MB and early NB: sabe adib a lni Nbn. 888:3; 56 sheep re e a PN na-gi-rum
sudtu ana atri hamat sa Sakin mat Namar u ana qdti mahru remainder of what PN, a
LU.NIMGIR ukinsunuti he assigned the herald, had received UCP 9 69 No. 56:6;
soldiers of these cities as an additional tuppi PN LT.NIMGIR BAR.S[IPAkI(?)] letter of
auxiliary force for the governor of GN and PN, the herald of GN Pinches Berens Coll.
(for his) n.-officer BBSt. No. 6 ii 10 (Nbk. I); 111:1; PN LI.NIMGIR (as witness) VAS 6
lu aklu lu sapiru lu laputti lu gi[pu] lu dek4i 128:9 (NB), cf. PN L.NIMGIR E.GAL (as
lu na-gi-ru MDP 2 97:12, lu sakin mati lu L I witness, between the hazannu of Babylon
na-gi-ru lu ha-za-an LUGAL AfO 23 2 ii 2 and the satammu of Esagil) VAS 1 37 v 7
(Merodachbaladan I); rikiltu Sa PN GIr. (kudurru); LU na-gi-ri (as "family name")
EN.NA Nippuri ... ana PN2 na-gi-ir Nippuri Gordon Smith College 83:7, Cyr. 361:7, Dar. 93:5.
irku[su] Bririkman MSKH 1 No. 24:9; PN na-
gi-rum (witness) BE 14 86:13; PN na-gi-ru 6' in SB: LT.NIMGIR ki attazzaru hazannu
(in ration list) BE 15 37:52; PN LIT.NIMGIR ki attazzaru when I insulted the n., when I
GN (witness) Hinke Kudurru v 20, BBSt. No. 6 insulted the mayor KAR 71 r. 20 (inc.); na-
ii 24 (both Nbk. I); PN LIT.NIMGIR GAL (witness) gi-ir alija (in broken context) Lambert BWL
BBSt. No. 4 ii 11. 196:4 (Fable of the Fox).
4' in EA, Nuzi, Bogh.: I did not say, b) functions - 1' with sasu, sisitu: if a
"I will not send my daughter" and PN man hides a runaway slave in his house ana
[NI]MGR sa ahijama ana kalle ana PN2 altap Sisit na-gi-ri-im la ustesiam and does not
raS[$u] I am sending PN, my brother's produce him upon the herald's proclamation
herald, promptly to PN, EA 29:25 (let. of (this man will be put to death) CH § 16:45;
Tulratta); LP na-ki-ru-4 gabbaSunuma imeri there is pestilence in the city [na-g]i-ru-[um]
abilu dipirunu ipudu ... LIT.ME§ sa Nuzi li4sma the herald should make a procla-
imiridunu jdnu ipirSunu la ipubu all the n.- mation (that a meeting be held to pacify the
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nagiru nagiru
god) CT 29 lb: 13 (OB let.); adi taturranim before the king, but the herald must not dun
ana bitdtikunu laputtzim u L na-gi-rum ul his house (for tax) MRS 6 107 RS 16.238:14;
i-ta-ds-si ARM 14 48:9; umma lu sarrums LT.NIMGIR ana dli la erebi the herald is not
mami LU.iL ina GN lilsi u sabe sa GN liphur to enter the city (part of the city's exemption)
order from the king: let the herald make a BBSt. No. 6 i 52 (Nbk. I); PN NIMGIR x Sippar
proclamation in GN that the people of GN PN2 iguru PN, the .... n. of Sippar, hired PN2
should gather HSS 9 6:5; 3-su LU.iL issisi (for a journey to collect a tithe in barley)
the herald proclaimed three times KAV 2 iii Szlochter Tablettes 123 MAH 16147: 10 (OB); LU.
40, also ibid. 5, 28, 31, 36, 47f. (Ass. Code B § 6); NIMGIR bit PN etarbanis, GN uptahhir ana bit
1 quppu sa sa-su na-gi-ri a bitati sa GN one iii usseri[ba] the herald entered the house of
basket with the herald's proclamations of the PN, he gathered the people of GN and had
houses in the city of Assur KAJ 310:20 (MA); them enter the temple ABL 1063:13 (NA);
[in]a ilki tupikki dikt mati sisit LU na-gi-ri mamma mamma la imahhas u NIMUG mamma
sakin mati sa muhhi ali hazannu rab eSerte ina la idekku no one may beat anyone else, and
babinunu la ittequ the governor, city prefect, the herald may not mobilize anyone
mayor, or commander-of-ten must not enter ABL 1339:7 (NB); na-gi-ri ina dli litiq let my
their city quarters (to exact) corvee work or herald pass through the city (to search for
mobilization of the land at the proclamation the stolen gold and silver) YOS 3 174:7; LU
of the herald AfO 21 40:16 (Adn. III), see na-gi-ri Ja sarri [... ] istdla the herald of the
Postgate Royal Grants No. 42-44 r. 36, cf. sis-sit king has asked (in broken context) BIN 1
Lt.600 (in broken context) ibid. No. 40 r. 19f., 93:13 (both NB letters).
also LU.600 la er[rub?] ibid. 20 (= STT 44);
c) as a title of a god: [salam dIt]um
if a king ilki sisit LU na-gi-ri eligunu ukannu
NIMGIR GAL a statue of Ium, the great
exacts from them (i.e., the people of Sippar,
herald BBR No. 53 ii 17, see AAA 22 87:126;
Nippur, and Babylon) a corvee at the herald's
dUru3 .mas : NIMGIR GAL [DINGIR.MAI.KEx],
proclamation Lambert BWL 112:25 (Fiirsten-
dSa.par.nun.na : NIMGIR KESki.[KEx], dEn.
spiegel); dikit mdti sisiti LU.NIMGIR mobili-
gal.lah4 : NIMGIR.KUR.RA, dnimgir.kur.ra
zation of the land, proclamation of the herald
: NIMGI erse[ti], dLugal.igi.pirig : NIMGIR
Winckler Sammlung 2 1:39 (Sar.); ameli anntti
UD.NUNki.[KEx] CT 24 26:124-128 (= An =
LU.NIMGrm ina matika sulsi let the herald call
Anum II 83ff.); dNin.en.n[un].x.sig :
for these men in your country Borger Esarh.
NIMGIRna-gir.EN.NU.UN.[K]Ex CT 25 4 iii 23
102 I 4; ERIN.MES-s-i-ntu Sa ... LU na-gi-ru
(= An = Anum V 194); dNig.SID.ki.sikil =
sa garri belija ina muhhigunu ilsi the people
NIMGIR A.HAki.KEx An = Anum II 311; see also
to whom the herald of the king, my lord, has
ndgirtu.
made a proclamation GCCI 2 395:4, cf. LT.
NIMGIR ina ali ana muhhidu lilsi BIN 1 49:22 2. (a high official in Assyria and Elam) -
(both NB); liss na-gi-ru rigma liseppl ina a) ndgiru - 1' in Elam: PN LT na-gi-ru
mdtim let the heralds make a proclamation (var. LU.NIMGIR) sa ar Elamti etlu pitqudu
with loud voice in the country Lambert- muma'ir ummandteSu ... aSkuna taht&dun
Millard Atra-hasis 68 I 376, 391, 74 ii 21 (OB), also I defeated PN, the ndgiru of the king of
108 iv 30 (SB); note: nimgir.e sila.sila.a Elam, a circumspect man, who commanded
si gui ba.ni.in.ra the herald blows the his troops (and his noblemen) OIP 2 45 v 82
horn in the streets (to announce a theft (Senn.); PN LU.rIMGIR-Su-nu baltussu ina qdti
publicly) F. A. Ali, Sumer 20 66:3. isbatuni ubluni they captured PN, their n.,
alive and brought (him) to me Piepkorn Asb.
2' other occs.: summa istu GN elippadu 14 iv 5; LU na-gi-ri sih ana mu&i 9ar Elamti
tallaka tamartasu ana t arri uerrab u [LO]. belidu ki ipudu ahau,a Sar Elamti iddilk when
NIMGI ana bitidu la [iq]errub when his ship the n. revolted against his lord, the king of
arrives from Caphtor he will bring his gift Elam, he killed the brother of the king of Elam
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nagiru nagissu
ABL 521 r. 16 (NB); iltiSmu inigu marlsipri GN Sa bit L.NIMGIR E.GAL uptathuru ina libbi
ga PN ahidu Sa gar Elamti L.NIMGIR u PN, izaqqupu these criminals from Arrapha, from
ana panini ittalkuni once or twice messen- the house of the n. of the palace, banded
gers of PN, the brother of the king of Elam, together and took up positions there ABL
of the n. (of Elam), and of PN2 came to us 408 r. 27; LU.NIMGIR E.GAL-lim (in list of
(with the following message) ABL 576:9, cf. officials, preceded by turtanu) KAV 167:9;
LU.NIMGIR PN (in Elam) ABL 281:11. (letter) ana LV.NIMGIR .GAL belija ABL
2' other occs.: IGI PN Ll.IMGIR (second 112:1, cf. tuppi PN ana LU.NIMGIR E.GAL
witness) ADD 215 r. 8, also (last witness) 285 r. (both on military matters) ABL 409:2 (all NA);
LI.NIMGIR E.GAL u emulqu a Elamti eleniti
7, cf. 815+ iv 2, Postgate Palace Archive 155 i 10;
seal of Si-lu-lu ... NIMG IR UR AUMurki gabbi ina GN the n. of the palace (of Elam)
Balkan Observations 55.
and all the troops from upper Elam are in
GN ABL 781 r. 2 (NB); LV~aniu Sa Lu.600
b) ndgiru rabd: PN tartanu NMG[m] E.GAL [anapa]nijaittalka the representative
G[AL-u] PN, the commander-in-chief, the of the n. of the palace came before me
chief n. RA 27 16f.:8, 14 (Til Barsip), also ABL 1079:3; aki mahiri ga KUR L V.NIMGIR
Andrae Stelenreihen 44:3; LU.NIMGIR GAL-U E.GAL (barley) at the price (which is paid)
STT 382-384 viii 20 (list of professions), see MSL on the farms of the n. of the palace Iraq 16
12 236 vi 20. 44 ND 2335:10, cf. ADD 915 ii 4; LU.600 KUR
c) nagir ekalli: RN riksa ana rab ekalli Sa (in lists of allocations) ADD 1057:5, 950 r. 3, Iraq
libbi ali NIMGIR E.GAL-lim ... irkus Tiglath- 23 pl. 14 ND 2451:15, (as witness) ADD 485:13,
pileser issued an edict to the chief of the LU.600 .GAL (in broken context) ADD
palace in the city of Assur, to the n. of the 854:3, 1131:3, ABL 253:8 (all NA); LTI.NIMGIR
palace (and to other officials) AfO 17 286:95, E.GAL, LU.600 KUR MSL 12 239 iii 14f. (NA
cf. ibid. 286:99, 276:49 (MA harem edicts); LU Sa list of professions), cf. KUR LU.600 .GAL, KUR
pan ekalli ussa LO.600 KUR ugerraba LII. LU.NIMGIR KUR 2R 53 No. 1: 18f.; PN LU.600
NIMGIR.GAL KUR e[rraba] ina pan sarri qaq E.GAL (eponym, third in the sequence after
quru inagsiq the prefect of the palace goes the king and the turtanu) RLA 2 434 years 854
out and brings in the n. of the palace, the and 850, 429 year 665, 430 years 741 and 778; a-
chief n. of the palace enters and kisses the na-ku LU.NIMGIR KUR (in broken context)
floor before the king MVAG 41/3 60 i 7 (NA K.5708a: 3 (SB lit.).
rit.); LU.600 E.GAL temu utar the n. of the For TIM 2 8:3 see dang4.
palace presents a report ibid. i 9; nag4 For the nagiru in Nuzi see E. Cassin, CRRA 19
sudtu ... ina qdte, sct reSija LU.NIMGIR ].GAL 384ff. Ad mng. 2c: Forrer Provinzeinteilung
amniu I entrusted that province to one of 117ff.
my officials, the n. of the palace Lie Sar. 164; nagiru in rabi nagiri s.; chief herald;
PN LI.NIMGIR ]i.GAL a RN... uma'iruinnima OA*; cf. ndgiru.
(the great gods) gave an order to me, Bel- kunuk PN GAL na-gi-ri TCL 21 214 B 3.
harran-beli-usur, the n. of the palace of
Tiglathpileser Unger Bel-harran-beli-ussur 9; nagiriitu (nammigiritu) s.; profession of
issen utru ina panigu [ana] LU.600 A.GAL the herald; SB; cf. nagiru.
liddin let him give a surplus (statue) to the nam-gi(?)-ru-ti ni hi iS ru tt iteneppus
n. of the palace ABL 984:6, cf. atd aladlam CT 41 31:22, with comm. nam-mi-gi-ru-ti /I
mia a PN LT.600 1.GAL inai [...] ibid. 10; na-gi-ru-ti ibid. 23 (Alu Comm.).
72 horses Sa LIt.600 i.GAL (preceded by 104
horses for the turtdnu) ABL 373:10; p~hat nagigsu (namgissu) adj.; (mng. uncert.);
L r.MMGmR l!.GAL province of the n. of the SB.*
palace (between those of the turtdnu and the stki (var. gittku) nam-gi-is-sa-ku (var.
rab Sdqe) Rost Tigl. III p. 4:17; parrisite sa na-gi-sa-al-ku) namurraku I am from Sutu,
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nagitu naglabu A
I am n., I am awe-inspiring PBS 1/2 113 r. iii [stings] his right (also: left) shoulder CT 38
3 and dupls. (Lamastu II iii 14, courtesy 37:11f. (SB Alu); note, referring to gods:
F. Kocher). MAS.SiLA.MES-ka dLUGAL.NiG.HAR [...] your
Describing either a numinous quality of (Ninurta's) shoulders are DN KAR 102:27,
Lamastu, cf. gasu A adj., or her place of dupl. STT 118 r. 4; nag-ga-la-pa-a-ahIar-ru-ud-
origin. da (see harddu C) ZA 24 169 K.1292:18 (NA
oracles).
nagitu s.; district(?); SB, NA, NB; cf. 2' in med. and physiogn.: summa amelu
nagu A. 1
irassu res libbiSu MA .siLAII-s ikkaluSu
tamirtu na-gi-tum sd PN VAS 6 9:1; (dates if a man's chest, epigastrium, and shoulder
for PN) KA na-gi-ti YOS 7 84:14 (both NB); blades hurt him AMT 49,4:1, wr. MAS.Si A.
ON na-gi-ti (in broken context) Weissbach MES-M AMT 48,4 r. 13 (catch line), of. RA
Misc. pl. 3 ii 15, cf. ana na-gi-ti ibid. 9; URU 69 42 r.(!) ii 12, also reS libbisu u MAS.siLA.
Na-gi-te (as geogr. name) OIP 2 35 iii 64, 38 MES-s ikkalusu Labat TDP 180:29; summa
iv 36 (Senn.), for other refs. see Dietrich Aramiier amelu irta u MAS.SiLA marus AMT 51,6:4,
p. 216, index s.v., Parpola Neo-Assyrian Topo- 51,10:4, cf. irta u nag-la-ba tuSamrisinni
nyms 255f. you have made me suffer in (my) chest and
Streck Asb. p. CCLVII. back KAR 226 i 11 (SB rel.); summa amelu
... MAs.SiLA.MES-Au ikkalusu Kichler Beitr.
nagiu see nag A. pl. 10 iii 16, also, wr. MA.SiLA1 .MES pl. 2 ii
28, AMT 31,1:3; summa amelu MURUB 4
naglabu A (nagalapu) s.; shoulder blade, MAS.siLA1-M uLhammassu if the area between
scapula; from OB on, Akkadogram in Hitt.; a man's shoulder blades burns him AMT
pl. naglabati (Nuzi); wr. syll. and MAS.SiLA 45,6:9; four stone charms summa amelu
(<GiR> su.I YS 10 48:1); cf. gullubu v. birit MAS.iLA.MES- x [...] Kocher BAM 372
uzu.mas.sila = nag-la-bu Sd uzu Antagal iii 14, cf. [bi-ri]-it na-ag-la-b[i-su ... ]
F 187, Nabnitu H 262; si-la siLA = na-ag-la-bu KUB 37 59:5; Summa irruu naphuma nag-
MSL 2 130 iv 14 (Proto-Ea); uzu.sila.zag.LV,
uzu.ma.sila = nag-la-bi Hh. XV 64f.; uzu.
la-bu-Su [... ] if his intestines are bloated and
sag.mas.sila = qaq-qa-du MIN (= nag-la-bi) ibid. his shoulder blades [... ] Labat TDP 122 iii 6;
66, cf. uzu.ma.sila, uzu.si.ma.sila MSL 9 irta u MAS.SiLA tasammissu you bandage him
43:22f. (Forerunner to Hh.); sig.ma.sila.mu = on chest and back AMT 95,3 ii 9; IGI u
Sa-ra-at [naglabija] UET 7 96:1' (Ugumu, restored
MAS.SiLA tasammid you bandage (him) front
from UM 29-16-653); ma.sila.mu, sag.ma.
sila.mu, murub 4 .ma.sila.mu, sig.ma.sila. and back Kuchler Beitr. pl. 6 i 6, 18, and pas-
mu UM 29-16-653:6'ff., cited MSL 13 93 n. 1. sim in this text, also AMT 27,2:15, 39,1:5, 83,1 r.
a) of persons - 1' in gen.: lubada subif

6, and passim in med.; summa ina MAS.siLA-~i
imitti (also: Sumeli) akin if (the mole) is on
lamma na-ag-la-bi-ia luktum send me a gar-
his right (also: left) shoulder blade (followed
ment so I can cover my back (lit. shoulder
by bidu shoulder) Kraus Texte 38d:14f., cf.
blades) CT 2 19:19 (OB let.); summa SAL
ibid. 42: 1 f.
ekalli UZU.MAS.SiLA.MES-Sa pattua kindabasse
la kattumat if a woman of the palace has b) of figurines: ina MAS.SiLA sumelisunu
bare shoulders and is not covered even with a kiam taSattar you write on their left shoulders
kindabasegarment AfO 17 287:105 (MA harem as follows AfO 18 111:11, 18, 22, 26, and 32 (rit.
edicts); GI§.BALAG ina nag-la-bi-si e-lal ina for the substitute king), cf. SumSunu ina MAS.
pan ili illak niqe eppusu (the king) hangs the SiLA jumelidunutaattfar KAR 298:4, also BBR
harp(?) over his shoulder, goes before the No. 46:19, KAR 234:7 and dupl., see Or. NS 24
gods, they offer sacrifices K.10209 r. 19 (NA 256, VAT 35:10 (courtesy F. Kocher), CT 23 20 ii
royal rit.); [umma zuqaqpu] MAS.siLA imittisu 13, 4R 58 ii 13, Kocher BAM 234:13, KAR 69:18,
(also: Jumelisu) KIMIN (= [... ]) if a scorpion wr. UZU.MAS.siLA KAR 61:15, see Biggs 8azi-
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naglabu A naglabu B
ga 74 and 70; Sipta ... anamuhhi MAS.SiLA-Su qdte .a tamkdri ikkulu isattu they eat and
tamannu you recite the incantation over its drink sweet wine, gazelles(?), meat from the
shoulder 4R 55 No. 1 r. 5 (Lamaitu). shoulders [of?] oxen in the merchant's shop
KAV 197:53 (NA); TrzU NA-AG-LA-BU (in
c) of animals: summa izbum istu pani Hitt. rit.) KUB 10 62 r. v 4; UZU.MAS.SiLA
na-ag-la-bi-fuSa imittim kurissu u kursinnaS9 (among meat rations for a temple) Ehbling
la ibadsi if a malformed animal from its Parfiimrez. pl. 35 : 4.
right shoulder blade down has neither shin
nor fetlock YOS 10 56 ii 14 (OB lzbu), cf. sum= The meaning "scapula" or "shoulder
ma izbu MA§.SiLA imittisu sa imitti la ibassi blade" is established from the sequence in
the Forerunner to Hh. XV and in Ugumu, and
Leichty Izbu XIV 5, also (with the left) ibid. 6;
SU.MEiu Ser'dni a na-ag-la-a--tiSa LU alik on the basis of the characteristic parts (dfiru
ilki u Sa as-Sd-bi-e (for context see dlik ilki blade, qarnu horn, i.e., spine and acromion)
usage b) JEN 551:15 (coll.); 1 sis8i U SA 5 8 mentioned. This meaning also fits the
MU.ME-.u ap-<pa>-su 1 UR peso na-ag-la-bi- occurrences where n. is opposed to irtu or
Su Sa imitti pes4 one red stallion, eight IGI. The Akk. name of this part of the body
years old, its nose has a white spot(?), its may have been taken from its similarity of
right shoulder is white HSS 15106:21, cf. shape with the barber's knife or razor, see
na-ag-la-ba-Su Sa imitti NE.GAR its right naglabu B.
shoulder is .... ibid. 280A: 8 (Nuzi), cf. also
naglabu B (naglapu) s.; razor, barber's
AN§E 7-4 peso ... Sa nag-la-bi.ME§-si u
knife; from OB on; pl. naglapdti VAT 9776:3
Sepd u salmu St 76 -11-1 7 ,4 6 7 (NB); na-ag-
la-bu-um (of a sheep) VAT 6063 r. 7f., cited (NA); wr. syll. and GIR.SL1.I; cf. gullubu.
AHw. 71 1b 2d; jumma qaranna-ag-la-bi-imsa gir.su.i = nag-la-bu Antagal F 186, Nabnitu
imittim/umilim tarik if the ridge of the H 261, cf. gir.su.i.zabar MSL 7 234:36 (OB
Forerunner to Hh. XII); gi-ir c i = patru,na-ag-
right/left scapula (of the sacrificial lamb) is la-bu A VIII/2:231f., with comm. [pat]-fril gallahi
dark YOS 10 47:53f., also (with pafir) ibid. 55ff.; A VIII/2 Comm. r. 21; gis.g:i.gir.su.i --
Summa dur na-ag-la-bi-im palis if the blade [Ii-ik-rum d nag-la-bi] Hh. VIIB 295.
of the scapula is perforated ibid. 61, (with kas [gir].iu.i zabar ku.ge.es tu 5 .tu 5 .a : [ina
n]ag-la-.bi ellig rummuku to give a bath in pure
pis) ibid. 62, (with la ibalsi)ibid. 63f., note, wr. fashion (using) the barber's knife Borger, BiOr 30
<GiR>.U.I ibid. 48:1; Summa ina ahi 165 i 47f., cf. (Sum. only) ibid. 167 ii 14, and passiln
imittim ana na-ag-la-bi-im ug-ta-bi-lam-ma in this text in the subscripts of incantations over
simum nadi if there is a red spot on the the razor.
right wing(?) (of the bird) descending(?) to a) in gen.: 4 na-ag-la-bi 5 patri ana eflini
the n. YOS 10 51 iii 11 and dupl. 52 iii 11; four razors, five daggers for our men ABIM
IM.SAG.SAG : im-ta-nu-u : MI MA§.S1LA ANSE 20:80 (OB let.), na-ag-la-bu (in broken con-
(for context see imtan4) Uruanna III 586-588. text, among copper tools and weapons)
ARM 2 139:18; copper and tin ana nappdhi
d) of the moon: Summa MUL.A§.GAN ina
MA§.siLA Sin izziz if the constellation na-ag-le-b[e] ana epdae dina ana 2-9u na-ag-
Pegasus stands at the shoulder of the moon le-be u a hassupe Sa 10 GIN.TA.AM u 2 Sa
ACh Supp. 47:13, also LKU 104:12, ACh Sin 18:3,
supri Sa 3 GfN.TA.AM give to the smith in
IMtar 21:87, 29:10, Thompson Rep. 234:9, and
order to make razors, for two sets of razors
passim; summa Sin MUL.GfR.TAB ina MAS.
and tweezers weighing ten shekels per (set),
siLA-,u KIMIN if Scorpius stands at the as well as two fingernail clippers weighing
shoulder of the moon ACh Supp. 2 Sin 9 ii 11, three shekels each KAV 205:18 f., and passim
17, ZA 52 240:24b, and passim in astrol.
in this text, cf. 1 [na-a]g-la-bu siparri KAJ
129:2 (both MA); [x] na-ag-la-bu Sa furedi
e) as a cut of meat: kardna tdba MA§.DA. [x na]-ag-la-bu Sa siparri qati~unu kaspu
ME§ UZU.MA§.SLA [X] GUD.ME§ ... ina bit hurdu x razors of gold, x razors of bronze,
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naglapu nag A
their handles are of silver and gold EA 14 i
79 f., also ibid. iii 4f.; nas patri nda nag-la-bi
(parallel: 1 brought prisoners into GN,
GN 2 , ... ) ABL 585:9.
qupp u surti those who wear swords, who
wear razors, knives, and flint blades Cagni nagmaru s.; completion, end; OB, MB,
Erra IV 57; summa GiR.SU.I iznuna if it rains Nuzi, SB; cf. gamaru v.
razors CT 38 8:38 (SB Alu); possibly for iti til.bi.se in.x.[x] : ITI.BI adi na-ag-ma-ri-
naglabu: DUMIT.ME S sv.T ... izzazzuma na-ag- [Au] lu-up-pu-[ut(?)] this month is affected(?) 'up
na-bi <ukannu> RA 35 2:19 (Mari rit.). to its end KAV 218 A iii 23 (Astrolabe B).
b) for performing incisions in med.: a) end of a month: summa ina na-ag-ma-

ezheku tukkannu nag-la-bu quppu x-rak I ar ITI Hinzuriwe la inandinu if they do not
(Ninlil) am girt with leather bag, I .... deliver the sheep at the end of MN (for
scalpel (and) lancet Or. NS 36 128: 180 (SB hymn parallel see-gamaru s. mng. 2) HSS 5 96:11
to Gula); lam ikudukinadi surru u nag-la- (Nuzi); see also lex. section.
bu before flint blade and razor could have b) completion of work: x lim si a4 ana pi
reached you (sick eyes) AMT 12,1:47; GIG na-ag-ma-ar dullija uradddma (to the bricks
sdtu ina na-ag-la-pi te-ni-[is-si] you lance already formed) I will add x thousand bricks
this sore with a razor AMT 44,1 ii 5 (NA), cf. in order to complete my work BE 17 23:5
ina GR.STT.I [.. . ] AMT 13,2:5, 7. (MB let.).
c) for slashing oneself in mourning: c) final payment: 10 siqil kaspam na-ag-
qaqqaris ippalsih nahlaptus iSruta nag-la-ba ma-ra-am libbi PN tub PN is satisfied with
issima usasriha bikitu he fell to the ground, the final payment of ten shekels of silver
tore his garment, raised his razor(?), and JCS 9 59 No. 1:2 (OB Khafajah).
uttered wails Lie Sar. 369, cf. ana RN
sarrisunu ,urti nag-la-bi quppe ... askun nagu A (nagiu) s.; 1. district, province,
I made Ursa, their king, use (in mourning) 2. island; OB, MA, SB, NA, NB; pl. nag4,
flint blades, razors, and vintner's knives NA nagidni; cf. nagitu.
ibid. 162; nag-la-patbit ... VAT 9776:3 (NA), ni-gi-in LAL+NIGfi = na-gu-u Ea I 255, cf. ni-
cited AHw. 711b; 2 nag-la-bi.MES kaspi mi-en [LAL+ NIGN] = [na-gu-u] MSL 2 129 iii 62
2 nurmi (among pieces of harness) Pinches, (Proto-Ea); [LAL+ NIGIN] = [n]a-gu-u, LAL+ NIGfN.
JTVI 60 132:10 (NB). [ x ] = MIN Nabnitu X 120f.; na-an-ga LAL+ NIGfI

= na-gu-u Sb II 146; LAL.Dina-an-ga = na-[gu-u]
a
S Voc. R 10'.
naglapu see naglabu B.
i-di-ig-na PAP.Gi.GAR = na-gu-u A VIII/1:84.
*naglu (fern. nagiltu) adj.; phosphores-
1. district, province - a) in gen. -
cent(?); SB*; cf. nagalu.
1' in inscrs. of Ass. kings (from Tigl. III on):
'umma surdru na-gil-tu ina bit ameli ittabsi iknuSma isd tupsikku ana la sapdh na-gi-i-sd
if a phosphorescent(?) lizard appears in a he submitted and carried the hod (as a sign
man's house KAR 382 r. 55 (SB Alu). of submission) in order to avoid the depop-
ulation of his district Rost Tigl. III p. 10:42;
nagmartu (or nakmartu) s.; (mng. unkn.);
al tanittisu umassikma usatpila na-gu-su T
SB.*
destroyed his famous city and devastated its
PA dSin na-ag(or -ak)-mar-ti iradsi he will district TCL 3 226 (Sar.); GN dl Sarritti adi
have .... Labat TDP 222:46. na-gi-4i akSud I conquered GN, his royal
city, together with its district Streck Asb. 48
*nagmaru (nagamaru) adj.(?); (mng. v 77ff., also 46 v 68, sa RN ina na-gi-Ju [tah
unkn.); NA; cf. gamaru v. td]su akun I defeated RN in his own district
na-ga-ma-ru-u-te VD.23.KAM ina GN ussrib Lie Sar. 125; na-gu-ui Judtu uhadriS ashup
on the 23rd I brought the n.'s into GN I clamped down on this district as if with a
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nagfi A nagil A
bird trap TCL 3 194, also Iraq 16 177:46; the of Judah OIP 2 86:15, 77:21 (Senn.); na-gu-
cities sa tibit kakkeja dannuti edurima u(var. -u) suatu sa ultu me ulliti la illiku Sar
usahribi na-gu-~i-un which became afraid pani mahrija ... ina qerbiu galtdni attallak
of the attack of my mighty weapons and had in the midst of this district, to which since
devastated their district long ago none of the kings preceding me had
Lie Sar. p. 50:13;
na-gu-u4 udtu eli sa mahri pargdnis uaarbis come, I marched about victoriously Borger
I made that district dwell in greater peace Esarh. 56 iv 59, also 104 ii 1; GN na-gu-i (var.
than ever before ibid. 14; nis dsibit na-ge-e KUR na-gu-u) Sa agargu riuqu Bazu, a district
u ili tiklisun idtenid adlulamma I took as of remote location Borger Esarh. 56 iv 53;
booty both the people who lived in the na-ge-e GN Sudtu uSadgil panusu I entrusted
district and the gods in whom they had him with this district of Bazu ibid. 57 iv 76;
trusted Iraq 16 186:60, of. TCL 3 + KAH 2 GN na-ge-e GN ibid. 100 § 66:24, also 108 iii 19;
141:170, 192, 213 (all Sar.); na-gi-isuatunu alme 8 Sarrani Sa qereb na-ge-e suatu adk I de-
aksud these districts I surrounded and feated eight kings from this district ibid. 56
captured Winckler Sar. pl. 32:71, also ibid. 66; iv 69; na-ge-e GN utahrib I devastated the
na-gu-4 suatu ana essuti asbat I reorganized districts of Elam Streck Asb. 56 vi 78, cf. 48 v
that district Winckler Sar. pl. 34:115, also OIP 106; 16 na-ge-e sa GN Rost Tigl. III p. 36: 209,
2 26 i 60, 55:59 (Senn.), Borger Esarh. 49 iii 12; of. p. 22:130, ina GN na-ge-e sa Kum:
ana GN birtisu ... sa ana ... kal sepe nakri muhi in GN, a district of GN 2 ibid. p. 52:32,
eli na-ge-e kilallan raksatu aqtirib I drew near also p. 30:170, 38:230, 44:21, Iraq 18 125:19,
GN, his fortress, which was constructed 22f., also 126 r. 10, 19f.; ana GN na-gi-i ga GN,
above both districts in order to keep away TCL 3 31, 37, 51, and passim in this text, also Lie
enemy invasion TCL 3 77 (Sar.); GN GN 2 Sar. 458, p. 48:1, x aldni Sa GN na-gi-i sa ahi
na-gi-i dannuti GN and GN 2 , fortified tdmti x cities of GN, a district at the sea-
districts Winckler Sar. pl. 44 B 23; birdte shore Lie Sar. 145; GN na-gu-u sa nibirti
tuklat na-gi-di-nu fortresses on which their t&mti abru ricqu Lydia, a district on the other
district relies Lie Sar. 448; ana GN na-gi-i side of the sea, a remote place Streck Asb.
tuklateku ... aqtirib I drew near GN, the 20 ii 95; GN GN2 ... na-ge-e Sa mat Elamti
district on which he relied TCL 3 298 (Sar.), akgud I conquered GN, GN 2 , districts of
cf. kisitti GN na-ge-e it eunu emuruma they Elam OIP 2 38 iv 39, also 78:30, 86:20; ina
saw the capture of GN, a district adjacent to na-ge-e sa GN ... ina na-ge-e Sa GN, diktasu
them ibid. 290; GN na-gu-i(var. -u) sa ite bit ma'attu adak in the districts of GN and GN2
tdbti GN, a district in the neighborhood of I defeated him thoroughly Streck Asb. 66 vii
the salt desert Borger Esarh. 55 iv 46; GN 111 and 113; note: GN KUR na-gu-4 ga ONG
ana dannat na-ge-e sudtu asbat dumku unak Lie Sar. 136, also 184, 186, 221; ina na-ge-e sa
kirma I chose GN as fortress of that district GN in the district of GN PRT 14:5, r. 10,
and changed its name OIP 2 68:15, 28 ii 28 also 19 r. 6, 24:4, 43 r. 4, Knudtzon Gebete
(Senn.); 430 dldni ka 7 na-ge-e sa RN ... 30:5, 35 r. 9, and passim in these texts; note:
akud I conquered 430 cities in seven ina GN na-gi-i in the district GN TCL 3 12,
districts belonging to Ursa TCL 3 422 (Sar.); of. ibid. 168, 269, 418, Lie Sar. 92; GN na-gu-
aldni Sa qereb na-ge-e £Stunu appul aqqur u(var. -u) ana gimirtigu ultu qereb mdtigu
the cities within these districts I tore down abtuqma the entire district of GN I cut off
and destroyed OIP 2 38 iv 44, also 87:25, 37 from his country OIP 2 28 ii 25 (Senn.).
iv 29 (Senn.); 20 aldni ina na-ge-e §a GN ...
akSud I conquered twenty cities in the 2' in inscrs. of Babyl. kings: Sarranisadi
district of GN Streck Asb. 50 v 115, Thomp- nesiti u na-gi-i briti kings of far-away
son Esarh. pi. 17 iv 47 (Asb.), cf. ana na-ge-e mountains and remote districts VAB 4 146
sudtu Knudtzon Gebete 69:5; ualpit rapu ii 25, of. ibid. iii 2, 5 (Nbk.), cf. Sar na-gi-i [nesiiti]
na-gu-4 Ja'udi I overthrew the wide district Iraq 27 7 v 23, also 5dib na-gi-i nesitu
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nagf A nagf
AnSt 8 52 iii 20 (Nbn.); na-gi-i nesitu sa qereb na-gu-um sa PN (as "Flurname") BE 6/1
tdmti distant districts in the midst of the sea 28:3, also 61:1, CT 2 32:3, CT 45 52:9, TCL 11
VAB 4 206 No. 48:17 (Nbk.). 156:16, wr. LAL+SAR PBS 8/1 8:2 and 11, etc.,
see Harris Ancient Sippar 375 s.v., x eqlum ina
3' in lit.: na-gu-u (identifying regions on
the other side of the marratu) CT 22 48 (map-
ebirtim ina na-gi-im ina tawirtim Waterman
Bus. Doc. 37:6, also CT 45 93:2, usal iD GN
pa mundi); Idiglat ana sihi[rtisa]u na-gi-a-nu
u na-gu-um YOS 13 452:8.
[sa ... ] the Tigris with its surroundings and
the districts of [... ] Frankena Takultu 26 iii 19, 2' other occs.: namurtu sa DUMIT na-gi
also (said of the sea) ibid. 22; may the gods Su-ti-e ana RN uqarribuni present which an
dldnikunu mdtkunu na-gi-ku-nu lusdkilu let inhabitant of the district(?) of the Sutiu
(locusts, etc.) devour your cities, your presented to Ninurta-tukulti-Asur AfO 10
country, your districts Wiseman Treaties 600, 43 No. 105:3 (MA); LU.AB.BA.MES a KUR
cf. 40 and 545; tallaka ina dldnikunu na-gi-a- DUMU-na-gi-ie-e the elders of the land, natives
ni-ku-nu akli takkala you will go and eat of the district Iraq 20 188 No. 41:34, also 43
bread in your cities and districts Craig ABRT (NA let.); ERiN.ME sa dullu ina E.NIG.GA ina
1 24 r. i 9 (oracles). muhhi na-gi-i ipus the workmen who did
work in the storehouse situated on the n.
4' in NA letters and leg.: mar-siprdnika
GCCI 1 210:3 (NB).
ina na-gi-u gabbu sitappar send your
messengers around throughout the district 2. island: appalis kibrdti pdtu timti ana
Iraq 28 181 No. 86:9, cf. senu a ina na-ge-e 12(var. 14).TA.AM itel na-gu-u I looked over
ira'ini ibid. 182 No. 87:10, na-gi-a-ni (in the whole region of the sea, an island
broken context) Iraq 20 182 No. 39:31f.; ina emerged at twelve (double hours') distance(?)
mdtija ina na-gi-ia-ala turrada do not come Gilg. XI 139.
down to my land, to my district ABL 463:9;
LU.ERIN.MES sise ina na-gi-i [sa] sarri belija nagf B s.; (an object or building made of
ana massarti [issi] ahdmes sadru izzazzu the wood); NB.*
troops and horses are lined up together for idi sa 4 LU.UN.GA.ME sa ultu GIS na-ge-e
guard duty in the district of the king, my lord GIS hzusabe inasilnu (silver) for wages of
ABL 503:11; Mannajaina libbi alani sa Urars four hired workmen who carry poles from
taja i-na-ge-e sa siddi tamti izzuqupu the the n. GCCI 1 414:2.
Manneans have taken up positions in the cities
of the Urartians in the district at the seashore nagf (neg4) v.; to sing joyously; OB, SB;
ABL 381:6; URU GN ana gimirtisu ina na- I *iggu--inaggu, 1/3; cf. nigutu, nugu,
ge-e sa GN, ... uppisma ... ilqe he bought tangitu.
GN, in the district of GN 2, in its entirety [gu.d]6 = na-gu-u, na-ga-gu Erimhus II 208f.;
ADD 471:13; a farm situated ina na-ge-e GN KA.ri.ri.ga = na-gu-u (replacing 4utadmi, see am2
in the district of GN ADD 627:5, also 419:5, A v.) Imgidda to Erimhu§ D 16'; [ri]-fil RI = [na]-
gu-u MSL 14 93 129:4; i.lu.dug4 .ga = qu-bu-u
972 r. 2, cf. also 451:3.
na-gu-u Izi V 38; u"-1 HL, [i].lu, [i.lu].9s.ga,
x.ga = ni-gu-u Nabnitu X 112ff.
5' in NB: mar sipri sa satammi u PN ana
li = ra-[a-46], li = na-g[u-u], li = he-l[u-u]
na-gi-i ana muhi KUR di pi ittalku a STC 2 57 ii 22 (comm. on En. el. VII 138).
messenger of the satammu and PN went to
ittapsar kabtatum i-na-an-gu ilis libbasuma
the district because of .... BIN 1 63:8 (let.).
panuu ittamru his mood became relaxed, he
b) as toponym - 1' as "Flurname" (OB): was singing joyously, his heart rejoiced, his
x eqlum sa na-gu-um sa PN x field from the countenance became radiant Gilg. P. iii 19
n., belonging to PN BE 6/1 7:2, cf. ina na-gi- (OB); ismema Ea kabattabui-te-en-gu (vars.
im sa PN CT 45 8:1, but ina na-gu-um ("Flur- it-ta-an-gi, GoD-ta-an-gi) Ea heard it and his
name") Meissner BAP 37:1, CT 6 30a:5; ugdr heart began to rejoice En. el. VII 138, for
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nagubinakku nahallu
comm., see lex. section; here is Babylon nu- ZA 9 162:12f. (group voc.); a.gul = na-x-[a]l-lum
ga-a asrussu hiditau tasbama sing joyously (x like PA, not ha) Proto-Kagal Bil. Section E 42,
in MSL 13 87.
in it, be sated with its pleasure En. el. VI 73; hur.ru.um kur.ra u.gin.na.ta al <...> :
li-ig-gi-ma (var. la iggima) ana illil il Marduk ina na-hal-li Sadi // alar Sadi ina alakiSa when she
let him sing joyously to (var.: let him not goes through the mountain gorges, variant: in the
neglect) the highest of the gods, Marduk mountains MVAG 18/2 49:12f.
ha-d4-tum = na-hal-lu Malku IV 139; ti-dub-
En. el. VII 149.
lum = na-ah-lum, sa-an-qu An VII 186f., also
Malku VI 94f.
nagubinakku (gubinakku) s.; (a pestle);
lex.* a) in gen.: 7000 men from Elam and
na 4 .na.gu.bi.la (vars. na 4 .na.gu.bi/bi.na) 3000 men from Guti ina na-ah-li-im sa
na 4 .na.gu.bi.na = §u-ku
Sgu-bi-na-ku Hh. XVI RS Recension 250, cf.
= lu-(u Hg. B IV 134,
and dupls., in MSL 10 34, ef. also na 4 .na.g6.bi.
gadi ana sahatijausbunimma were lying in
wait in the mountain wadi in order to attack
me TIM 2 92:12 and dupl. 97:11 (OB let.); RN
na MSL 10 59:151 (Forerunner from Nippur),
ummnm . .. ina na-ah-la a sadeanasiubatu
na 4 .na.gu.en.na ibid. 52:144 (OB Forerunner).
useSib RN placed troops in ambush in the
nagulu s.; (a stone); lex.*; Sum. Iw. mountain wadies Grayson Chronicles 6:7 (NB);
damiSina upalu u na-hal-l[u umtalli] he
na 4 . n a.gu.l a = na-gu-lu Hh. XVI RS Recen-
filled the depressions and wadies with their
sion 246.
blood RA 70 117 ii 24 (OB lit.); na-ah-la
nagurtu see naggurtu. na-ha-sa ina agurri u kupri lu aksir I rein-
forced the .... wadi with baked bricks
nahabfi see nahbd. laid in bitumen AOB 1 82:10, cf. ibid. 6
(Adn. I); eli na-ah-li hudduditi ... usakbis
nahadu see na'ddu A. titurru (see kabasu mng. 7c) OIP 24 pl. 18:8;
hurri na-hal-li natbak sadi mele marsiiti ina
nahalittu s.; (a garment); MA.* kussi astamdih (carried) in a sedan chair 1
traversed depressions, wadies, mountain
kimi sibat §e-im anne 1 TUG na-ha-lit-ta
torrents, and difficult peaks OIP 2 36 iv 3,
x-na-i-ta ... inaddinsu in lieu of interest on also, wr. na-hal-le-e ibid. 71: 39; zunne u
this barley he will give him one .... n.-
salgi na-ah-lu(var. -li) natbak lade dura pan
garment KAJ 77:9.
nirija utir I feared the rain and snow (that
Possibly a mistake for na-ha-<la>-dp-ta would swell) the wadies (and) mountain
(= nahlapta). torrents, and turned my teams homeward
ibid. 41 v 9, 88:43 (all Senn.), cf. ina libbi
nahallu (nahlu) s.; wadi, gorge, ravine; na-ah-li (in an itinerary) AfO 21 45:17;
OB, Mari, Nuzi, MA, SB, NA, NB. kuppii na-ah-lu Sadd naratu tdmdtu catch-
waters, mountain streams, rivers, seas gurpu
DIR = na-ha-al-lum Proto-Diri 18; [KI].A =
ka-[a-pu], na-hal-lumr, sd-ah-sd-ha-tum ibid. 307ff.; VIII 40, also KAR 22 r. 6; mdmit Balihe kups
[KI.A] = na-hal-lum Kagal C 27; si.duDUG4 = pu na-ah-lu u mahdzi the "oath" of (the
.u-ut-ta-tum, si.dug4 .ga =-na-ah-lum Lu Excerpt river) Balihu, catchwater, mountain stream,
II 63f.; si-dug LAGABX DAR = na-hal-lu, si-dug-ga or reservoir Surpu VIII 54; GIaappdru ina
LAGABX DAR = u-ut-ta-tum Ea I 74f.; [si-d]ug
LAGABXDAR -- na-hal-lu, mug-pa-lu A 1/2:242f.; na-ah-li Sa GN ibassi reeds are available in
a.ru.ub, si.dugu-us = na-hal-lurm Nabnitu S the wadi of GN ABL 626 r. 6 (NA), cf. na-
91f.; a.ru.ub = na-hal-lum, si.dug4 .ga = .§u-ut- hal-a-te (in broken context) ABL 95:10;
[t]a-td Erimhu VI 35f.; nig.ki.ihul.a = lu-ut- guzullu sa GI.ME Sa tamirti na-hal-lum (silver
ta-tum, mahl.di = na-ha-lurm, si.dug4 .ga = for) reed bundles from the inundated part of
ha-aS-turn Antagal VIII 66ff.; uth.ru.um = na-
hal-lum Izi J ii 14; 1a-dr [HAm] = [n]a-hal-lum the wadi YOS 6 133:4 (NB); na-ah-la u
A V/2:240; u 4 .ri.gal = tu-ub-qu, na-hal-lum KASKAL ana mitti la idakkan he will not
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nahallu nahalu A
impair(?) the (bed of the) wadi or the road d) in toponyms - 1' Nahal Musri:
KAJ 151:6, also KAJ 146:5 (MA leg.). (Sargon, who conquered) madbar kalisu adi
na-hal mat Musri the whole desert up to the
b) referring to flood waters in a wadi: Wadi of Egypt Lyon Sar. 2:13; Arzd a pati
na-ah-lum [H]a-qa-at sa GN terditam irsima na-hal mat Musur Borger Esarh. 50 iii 39, cf.
eqlam ... isbu the wadi (called) Haqat over- ana ite na-hal mat Musur ibid. 112:17, URU
flowed and flooded the field ARM 6 2:5, also Na-hal mat Musur AfO 14 43 ii 5 (Sar.), and
ibid. 3:9, see sabu mng. lb; na-ah-lum sa GN see Parpola Neo-Assyrian Toponyms s.v.
u na-ah-lum sa GN 2 ina UD.I.KAM illikunim
2' other toponyms: KA-na-ah-limki
the (flood in the) GN wadi and the (flood in
ARM 6 37:6, also ARM 19 442 r. 1, see Gelb,
the) GN 2 wadi came on the same day ibid.
RA 50 10; URU UGU-na-ah-li Iraq 15 152 ND
3: 5f.; muballittum sa swirim ... sa aSsum na-
3469:8 (NA econ.), cf. (uncert.) 2 ANSE A.SA
ah-lim epset inima na-ah-lum Haqat itbukam
na-hal dan-nu PN ADD 425:12; two (sheep?)
assum na-ah-lim muballittam sdtu uSgiiru
sa na-ah-li-i ARM 19 427 r. 2; see also Parpola
(as for) the barrage of reeds that was built
Neo-Assyrian Toponyms s.v. Nahal.
because of the (water in the) wadi, when the
wadi Haqat began to run, on account of the The Sum. equivalents mean "cave, mine
wadi they adjusted that barrage ibid. 4: 7ff.; (a hole in the ground)." It is possible there-
rakibum sa na-ah-lim sa GN Sa na-ah-lum fore that the refs. in which nahallu is not
ibtuqu usaspik (see batdqu mng. 2b) ibid. connected with water refer in fact to a pitfall,
6:5ff., assum na-ah-lim sa GN eli siprim ambush, or cave.
labirim ... nizzizma because of the (flood For ARM 5 4: 5 and 81:7 see nahaluB. x-na-ah-li
in the) GN wadi we set to the old work KAR 311:10 (= Cagni Erra IIIc 69) is obscure.
ibid. 7:5; na-ah-lum iksudam kal miiLim adi Weidner, AOB 1 82 n. 1.
sihit gamas an'arir ... na-ah-lum mimma ul nahallulu see halalu A.
uqallil the flood in the wadi has arrived, all
night until sunrise I was there to help, the nahalsui see nehels4.
flood in the wadi has not damaged anything nahalu A v.; to sift; OB, SB; I inahhal,
RA 61 103:10, 17 (Mari let.), cf. adi warkat na- II; cf. mahhaltu, mahhalu, nablu adj.,
ah-lim iksudam ARM 6 3 edge 1'. nihlu A.
luh = na-[ha-lu]m Nabnitu S 88; [KI.A],
c) to indicate locations (in descriptions
[KI.A].X = na-ha-a-lum Kagal C 28 and 30; e.
of real estate): 3 ANSE A.SA ina sapat na- su.ub = [MIN (= na-ha-lum) ad e-i]m Nabnitu S
ah-li ina GN three homers of land on the 89; [e] [DU6 ].Du = na-ha-lu §d §E [(x)] Diri I 219;
bank of the wadi in GN JEN 58:5, also JEN [... ]. a = na-ha-lu di E Antagal C 120; bu-ru u
315:7, RA 28 28:5, cf. (a field) ina lit na-ah-li =ni-ih-lu, nu-uh-hu-lum (followed by nihsu,
nuhhusu) A 11/4:105ff.; [KI.A.A] = nu-eh-hu-lum
na-ah-li sa hurizdti RA 23 154 No. 47:9, cf. Kagal C 29.
na-ah-li KI.MIN ina [...] ibid. 144 No. 10:8;
sutdn na-ah-li south of a wadi JEN 399:6, umam ina zarim akammis urram ina na-
28, 39; 2 ANSE A.SA ina -ah-li sa me ana ha-l[i-i]m qti anassah today I will finish the
jdsi ittadna he gave me (in exchange) two winnowing, tomorrow I will stop the sifting
homers of land on the wadi with water in it TCL 1 17:9 (OB let.); tikmenna ina mahhalti
JEN 104:11, also SMN 3495:6 (all Nuzi); (field) [ina as]kuppat(?) babi kami ta-na-hal with a
tihi na-ah-li adjacent to a wadi ADD 373:8, sieve you sift ashes onto the threshold of the
also, wr. na-hal-li ADD 376:3, na-hal ADD outer door LKA 135 r. 8 (rit.).
379:4, and passim in NA leg., tihi na-ah-li sa Note that the Sum. equivalents KI.A and
Sapli Iraq 25 91 (pl. 20) BT 106:3; (land) adi b ur i, which are also equated with nahallu
muhhi na-ah-li a GN reaching to the GN (nahlu), fit the meaning of that word but
wadi TCL 9 58:13 (all NA). not that of nahalu "to sift."
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nahilu B naharmutu
nahalu B v.; to hand over (property); 2. Suharmumu to make collapse: Sarbdbis
Mari; I inhil - inahhil; cf. nihlatu. us-ha-ram(var.adds -ma)-mu-su uballidu kima
awilu annitum ... PN ... eqlam in-hi-lu Idmi they make him collapse in weakness and
these men handed the field over to PN extinguish him like (glowing) ashes (with
ARM 8 11:26; eqlam ... sarrum RN PN in- comm. us-ha-ram-ma-mu-us // na-[har-mu-
hi-il King RN handed the field over to PN mu]) Lambert BWL 88:286 (Theodicy).
ibid. 12:5, also 13:4 and 9, 14:5; summa abi u naharmutu v.; 1. to dissolve, to melt, to
ummi eglam u kirem ul in-hi-lu-ni-in-ni if my crumble (intrans.), 2. Suharmutu to dissolve,
father and my mother had not handed the to crumble, to destroy enemies; OB, MB,
field and the garden over to me ARM 10 Bogh., SB; IV, IV/3, III.
90:31; the sheep sa ah Purattimana na-ha-li
za-al NI = na-har-mu-tu Idu II 208, Ea II 15,
itebir at the bank of the Euphrates crossed
A I/1 ii 16', with comm. za-al NI // na-har-mu //
over for the transfer ARM 5 81:7; ni-ih-la- ra-KUB A II/1 Comm. B 14'; za-al ZAL = na-ha-
tam i-na-ah-hi-il (in broken context) ARM 1 a[r-mu-hum] Proto-Aa ii 3', in MSL 9 148; di-ig
91 r. 6; uncert.: PN ana na-ha-al PN2 [la] NI = na-har(!)-mu(!) A II/1 i 12', with comm. di-ig
illikam ARM 5 4:5. NI // na-har(text -A)-mut // la-ba-ku A II/1 Comm.
B 12'; zu-ur zvU = na-har-mu-fu A VIII/1:34,
Edzard, ZA 56 146 (with previous lit.). also cited A VIII/1 Comm. 4.
nig.zal.la = u-ha-ar-mu-fti Nigga Bil. B 75,
nahansu s.; (mng. unkn.); lex.* in MSL 13 116; zal.bi.ri.a, (var. zal.bi.a.ri) =
$u-har-mu-t Erimhub III 86; zal.bi.a.ri.a =
GEATIN na-ha-an-pi-e (among types of wine) Su-har-mu-tu Imgidda to Erimhus D 14'; zal =
2R 44 No. 3 ii 11, see AfO 18 340 (Practical 4u-har-mu-(-[um] MSL 14 123:378 (Proto-Aa).
Vocabulary Nineveh). [...] zal.le.eg : [....] it-ta-har-ma-ta (in
broken context) OECT 6 pl. 20 K.4958: 6f.
naharbuSu v.; to freeze(?); SB; IV/3; cf. na-har-mu-mu = na-har-mu-tu An VIII 8.
hurbdsu.
1. to dissolve, to melt, to crumble (in-
summa ina Du'uzi milu illikamma mdu trans.): [.urip]um si ina sutabalkutim [ih-
it-ta-na-HAR-ra-ba-si if the high water ha-r]a-am-ma-at-ma this ice will melt
comes in MN and its water freezes repeatedly during transport ARM 3 29:24; ina(?) nur
CT 39 15:29 (SB Alu). inisu sdriri r[aggu] il
sinnu it-tah-[r]a-me-tu
Translat. based on etym. only. suripi[] by the burning(?) light of his
(Marduk's) eyes, the evildoers melted like ice
naharmumu v.; 1. to collapse, to break Ebeling Parfimrez. pl. 26 r. 5 (coll. W. G. Lambert);
down, 2. Suharmumu to make collapse; tuppa da rikilti ... .- puasu u tuppa it-ta-
SB; IV, III. har-ma-at he made a treaty tablet for him,
[za-al] [NI] = [na-har-m]u-[mul A 11/1 ii 17', but the tablet crumbled KBo 1 6:4 (treaty);
restored from za-al NI // na-har-muf // ra-KuR // a ... ALAM-4 4i-'-a-ab-ba-tu-ma ih-ha-ra-
na-har-mu-mu A II/1 Comm. B 14'; du 8 = [na- am-ma-tu he who would destroy my (text:
h]a(!)-[a]r-mu-mu Sa Voc. AC. his) statue so that it crumbles AKA 252 v 86
na-har-mu-mu = na-har-mu#- An VIII 8.
(Asn.); [ki]ma kirbanu kasa ana me anandd
1. to collapse, to break down: samissu kama [tah]-ha-ra-ma-tu tappassassu just as
ih-har-mi-mu-ma itiru arbuggu its (the I throw you, lump (of clay), into the water
temple's) parapet collapsed and fell into ruins and you dissolve and fall apart Dream-book
Iraq 15 133:6 (Merodachbaladan); uncert.: 339:21, cf. kima kirbanu ... ina m lippasis
[...] dan-ni id du-ba(?)-ru-zi ih-har-mi-[x] lid-har-mit KAR 252 iii 44, also kima kirbdni
Tn.-Epic "v" 36; dmirunu arbaba (var. ... [li]mmahi lippasis li-ih-bar-mit Dream-
arbibid) li-ih-har-mi-im may he who sees book 343 81-2-4,233:9, cf. Auttu ... [lu] halqat
them collapse in weakness En. el. II 25, ibid. I lu na-har-mu-ta-at (so) let the dream be
139, III 87, with var. lid-har-mi-im ibid. III 29. gone, let it be dissolved ibid. 339:22; you put
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naharmutu nahairu A
[...] upon a torch adi ih-ha-ram-me-tu until command disintegrates mountains and seas
it melts CT 38 38:57 (namburbi), see Caplice, AKA 196 iii 12, 218:13 (Asn.).
Or. NS 34 121:3; li-zu-ub li-hu-ul(text -ur) The forms liSharmit and lihharmit are both
li-ih-[ha-ar-mi-it] (see zdbu mng. Ib) RB 59 used for the intrans., like the forms liSharmim
246 (= pl. 8) str. 9:65 (OB lit.).
and lihharmim of naharmumu; see Lambert
2. suharmutu to dissolve, to crumble, to BWL 287.
destroy enemies - a) wax or clay: Girra
liSrupSuniiti GirraliS-har-mit-su-nu-ti let the naharruru see gararu A.
Fire god burn them, let the Fire god melt naharbu§u v.; (mng. uncert.); SB; IV (only
them (the figurines) AfO 18 293:60; note the
inf. and imp. attested).
intrans. use zim Idbi lu Sakndtama dmirka
lis-har-mit take on the appearance of a lion, ina sunqihuSahhi eterimma ina zabdl kardni
so that whoever sees you dissolves (or: so aki la na-har-zB(var. -Au)-Ae u bibil libbi marsi
that it dissolves whoever sees you) Cagni batilta la rase to save (the people) from want
Erra I 34; sa ZpuSu kispi kima (var. adds and famine, so the destitute will not ....
kirbdn) (dbtilid-har-mit may she who at the bringing in of the vintage and so no
practiced the witchcraft dissolve like (a interruption may occur in the voluntary
lump of) salt Maqlu I 33, var. from STT 78, see offerings brought by the sick Lyon Sar. 6:40
AfO 21 71; see also KAR 252 iii 44, cited (coll.); i-ri kima Sakri na-har-sd-is (for na:
mng. 1. haris?)kma mar sabiti burp(?) like a drunk,
snort(?) like a gazelle foal Craig ABRT 2 8 r.
b) buildings, cities: ina mdmi uS-har-mit- ii 4 (inc. to quiet a baby).
su-ma agdamar usallis (this city and its
temples) I dissolved in water and annihilated naharu A v.; (mng. uncert.); SB; I
it, (turning it) into waterlogged terrain (only stative attested), II, II/2; cf. nahru A,
OIP 2 84:54 (Senn.); GN dl tukultisu appul nuhhuru A.
aqqur ina me us-har-mit GN, his fortress, giL.e.gi.ab.ki.iz = i-si-um sa-bi-ir, giL.e.
I tore down, wrecked, and dissolved in water gu.ab.bi.ir = i-si-um na-hi-ir(text -il, see also
Streck Asb. 28 iii 69; ina ... muSsuri u la na'alu) Proto-Kagal Bil. Section E 61f.
kee <ri>la us-har-ma-si (a future ruler) shall [si-i] [si] = [n]u-cth-hu-rum MSL 2 135 c line b
not destroy it (my palace) through neglect or (Proto-Ea); [(x)].hal = nu-hu-rum (followed by
akalum) K.4177 r. 20, in Langdon Archives of
lack of repair AKA 248 v 39 (Asn.). Drehem p. 9.
c) persons: munir ajdbisu mus-har-mit tu-na-ah-har 5R 45 K.253 ii 41 (gramm.).
(var. mu-us-har-me-ti) kullat ndkiresu (king) a) naharu (said of wood): see the proposed
who kills his enemies, who destroys all his emendation of Proto-Kagal, in lex. section,
foes AKA 266 i 35 (Asn.), cf. muS-har-me-tu and see nahru adj.
gdareu Borger Esarh. 98 r. 24; muS-h[ar-mit
... ] (in broken context) AfO 6 80:5 (Assur- b) nuhhuru: dannat nuhurtumma 4-na-
bal-kala); ezzu Girramus-bar-mit ajdbi raging ha-ra kal kiSpiki (this) nuhurtu plant is
Fire god, who destroys the enemies Maqlu II strong, it will .... all your sorceries (play
140, see AfO 21 73; tiba dapna mus-har-mi-ta on words with nuhurtu) Maqlu VI 127; nu-
a fierce, annihilating onslaught Tn.-Epic uh-hu-ru (in obscure context) Thompson A
"ii" 34; Enlil iqbdmma BAL-DA-ba-a lu-u us- Catalogue of the Late Babylonian Tablets pl. 3
har-mit Enlil gave me the command and B 4 v 30.
I dissolved the .... BiOr 28 14 ii 12 and 16
c) II/2 (passive to nujhhuru): kima
(SB lit.).
nuurti lit-tah-lJi-ra AaptiSa let her lips
d) other occs.: arru sa ina qibit pidu uS- become .... like (this) nuhurtu plant Maqlun
Ear-ma-tu dadd u tdmdti the king who by his V 38.
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naharu B nahasu A
naharu B v.; to snore; SB; I ihhur - kibri had but I turned back and left the ship at
inahhur; cf. ndairanu, naifru, ndairu, the shore! Gilg. XI 299; Jumma ... arabdnd
nuhhuru B. ina mihrit ameli ilsum ana arkidu ih-hi-is if
kir 4 .Su.uS.ra = sa-ra-hu, kir4.iu.ul.ra.ra = an araband bird rushes against a man (and)
na-ha-a-rum Erimhu V 180f.; kir 4,. = na-ha- turns around CT 40 50 K.8682+ :24, also ibid.
rum, kir 4 .si.il.la - IN Sag Bil. B 120f. K. 4001+ :52 (SB Alu).
Summa i(sic)-na-ah-hu-ur if (a man in bed)
snores AfO 18 74:18, cf. ibid. 19, cf. gumma b) in letters and leg. - 1' in gen.: ana
i-ih-hu-ur ibid. 7. DUB.SAR.ME qibima li-ih-hi-su-ni-im-ma lii=
budu give orders to the scribes, they should
nahasu see nahsu adj.
come back and collect the barley tax CT 51
nahasu A (nehesu) v.; 1. to go back, to 41:11; na-a-sa aqb6du I told him to come
return, 2. to withdraw, to retreat, 3. to back BE 17 83:37; [it-t]a-ah-su (in broken
recede, go down, to retrograde, to settle(?), context) BE 17 3:6 (all MB letters); arkdnis
4. (with itti, ultu) to withdraw, deduct (in ki ih-hi-si kum hitu Sa iht4 mimma ul epussu
NB adm.), 5. to return, revert, be withdrawn later, when he came back (from Elam), I did
(in NB adm.), 6. (in the stative) to be turned not punish him for the crime he had com-
backward(?), held down(?) (said of parts of mitted ABL 998:11; ki ih-hi-su-nu ana GN
the exta), 7. to detain (EA only), 8. I/3 to eterbunu u altemu when they came back and
recede repeatedly, 9. II to become held entered Babylon, I heard (them saying)
down(?) (ingressive to mng. 6), 10. 11/2 ABL 436:18, cf. mamma la i-na-ah-hi-is-ma
(uncert. mng.), 11. III to send back, to let ibid. r. 4; arkani ana GN ki ih-hi-su PN
return; from OB on; I ihhis - inais - abuAu ina GN mitu later on, when he went
nahis, 1/3, II, 11/2, III, III/2; wr. syll. and back to Elam, his father, PN, died in Elam
LAL; cf. ndhisu, nahsu, nihistu. ABL 266:15; adi sa enna ana GN ul ih-hi-is
bu-ru u = ni-ih-su, nu-uh-hu-su A II/4:107f. so far he has not gone back to Elam ibid. r. 9;
ittija ana GN ta-nam-hi-is-ma you will go
a.ba.sig.ga = A.ME na-ha-8u Malku II 59.
back to Uruk with me ABL 274 r. 4; sa la
na-ha-su ta-a-ru CT 31 12 ii 18 (ext. comm.), alpe ana panja la i-na(!)-ah-hi-is he must
see mng. 6.
not come back to me without the oxen
1. to go back, to return - a) in lit.: il BIN 1 68:29; ki ... adi muhhi Sa enna ih-hi-
iplahu abubamma it-te-eh-su iteli ana Sam su-nu imu 9a ikadaduni nubatta ul ibittu
§a Ani the gods became afraid of the deluge, (I swear) they have not yet returned, but as
they left and went up to the heaven of Anu soon as they arrive, they will not stay the
Gilg. XI 114; [ahb-i-s]a ana Bdbili azzakarma night ABL 462:12, cf. ki immat PN lapani
I (Marduk) returned to Babylon and said belea i-hi-si nubatti ina GN la ibiti YOS 3
BiOr 28 7 i 10', restored from ibid. 6 i 35, cf. 111:27; gamad ki sakin temi ana GN [la]
agar alliku ah-hi-sa ibid. 7 i21; [summa i-nam-hi-sa (by) Samag, the governor goes
na]tima ebir ittidu Summa la natima i-hi-is back to Uruk TCL 9 97:11; ultu muhhi sa
arkika if it is possible, cross over with him, ana GN ta-ti-sa-an-ni since you have left to
if it is not possible, turn back Gilg. X ii 31; (go to) Uruk YOS 3 18:11; mindema ana
UD.27.KAM DN ana i [... ] i-ni-ih-hi-su on muhhi LV ginni u i-i-i-s[u] ki it-te-hi-su
the 27th day, Agka'itu returns to the [... ]- a-[...] (he said) Maybe he will go back to
temple LKU 51:29 (NB rit.); mdrat Ani kima his family, and after he has gone back, [...]
qutri ana [I] la i-na-a- ki-is (var. i-ni-ib- ABL 559 r. 4; PN ina baldt Sa PN 2 ana bitini
[hi-is]) the daughter of Anu must not tapteqid u kI tah-hi-su tattai when PN2 was
return to the house, as smoke (does not (still) alive, rPN entrusted (several valuable
return) 4R 58 iii 27 (Lamatu), var. from PBS 1/2 objects) to our house, and when she came
113 iii 14; andku lu ah-i-is u elippa etezib ina back, she took (them) away RA 14 158:14
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nahasu A nahasu A
(NB leg.); ana kutalla ana GN at-te-hi-su u utdri GCCI 1 398:19, also ill[ak] u i-ni-bi-is
mar sipri ana beleja altapra I came back to UET 4 176:7; (rent of a donkey) a-na A
GN and sent a messenger to my lords kar-ria-na a-la-ki i ni-hi-is-si for going back
YOS 3 74:15; adSa at-te-eh-su andku ana and forth to the customhouse LB 2041:3 (NB,
kimu niqe anamdakka because I went back, courtesy M. Stol); isten mar siprika attuka lils
I will pay you for the offerings YOS 3 60:18; <li>ki u li-ih-hi-is let a messenger from you
imu sa ultu ... i-na-hi-is kaspa ... inandin travel back and forth (lit. go and return)
the day he returns (from the business trip) Pinches Peek No. 22:32, cf. BIN 1 39:22 (all NB),
he will repay the silver GCCI 2 84:8, and KBo 1 10 r. 60, cited alaku mng. la-'.
passim in NB, see Ebeling Glossar 156f.; mdr Sipri
... ana GN altapra u it-ti-hi-si su(!)-nu 2. to withdraw, to retreat - a) said of
iqabbinu umma I sent a messenger to Elam, troops, etc.: RN ki LAL-sa ina GN sabit
and he came back (and told me): They say when Nabonidus withdrew, he was captured
as follows ABL 1275:16; allak abbakkassus in Babylon BHT pl. 14 iii 16; ull4ti ki ismi
nitu ul ih-hi-su I will go and bring them, ana kutalli it-te-eh-su when those on the
they did not return YOS 3 73:16; in other side heard this, they withdrew to the
hendiadys: pa[ni] sa [...] belija lu <d >bub rear ABL 542:19, cf. ta-ni-ih-hi-si arkanis
lu-uh-his BIN 1 84:29; mdtu ki tah-hi-sa ABL 965:31; RN ... saltu ul iksud ana arkisu
tattakbas u panisa ana muhhija tuttirra (you LAL-sa Merodachbaladan did not come in time
know that) the land has become submissive for the battle, so he withdrew to the rear CT
again and has turned its face toward me 34 48 i 37, cf. ibid. 47 ii 22, Wiseman Chron.
again ABL 292:7 (all NB). 62:69; ummn GN u ummdn GN2 ... Sar GN
la iksudu ana arkisunu ih-hi-su the troops
2' beside alaku: sa ana mat Hatti [ill]ikuma of Egypt and the troops of Assyria could not
3 MU.MES kali [umassi]ruuma ana mat reach the king of Babylonia, and therefore
Assur it-ta-ah-sa they released (the man) withdrew to the rear ibid. 54:11, also ibid.
who had gone to Hatti and had been detained 52:28, 62:65; [i]h-hi-is-ma ine' [...] he
there for three years, and he returned to withdrew and turned away AfO 18 46 C 17
Assyria Iraq 11 139:16 (MB let.); alkama ittisu (Tn.-Epic); izizma la ta-na-A // l[a] ta-na-ah-
dubba ih-sa-nim-ma idassu qibdni go, speak hi-is sans la ta-na-kud stand your ground,
with him, then come back and tell me what do not retreat, variant: la tanahhis, other
his authorization is ABL 960:10, see Dietrich (reading): la tanakkud (i.e., do not worry)
Aramaer 172; Satammu anaGN ittallak adila ana
Hunger Uruk 72 r. 15.
kutalla i-ni-hi-si time sa abija lusme the satam;b) to withdraw from an agreement:
mu left for Babylon, before he returns I want summa PN istu mamiti i-na-ah-hi-is kaspa
to hear a report from my father CT 22 182:18, ... umalla if PN withdraws from the sworn
cf. adi muhhi sa ana kutalla ta-at-ta-ah-[su] (agreement), he will pay (such and such an
ibid. 21:22; PN ana muhhi gizzu ... ittalak amount of) silver MRS 9 177 RS 17.346:26,
adi muhhi sa i-na-ah-hi-is-su ... usall2 also ibid. 162 RS 17.341:6.
PN left for the shearing, until he returns I
will pray (for him) BIN 1 14:21; note in the c) to return to a lawsuit: ittem4 ki ana
mng. "to come and go, to travel, to ply one's muhhi ah[mes] ni-it-te-eh-su they swore
trade": ki ... mamma sipirtasu iptd adi (saying): We will not come back (to start
ih-hi-su illiku (I swear) that nobody opened another lawsuit) against each other Camb.
his message before he returned ABL 917 r. 9, 85:16, also Dar. 260:21, wr. nit-te-eh-su TuM
cf. la i-nam-ah-hi-is-ma anakannu la illakku 2-3 142:18, cf. ibid. 211:35, BE 10 9:27, and
ABL 214 r. 3, illak u i-ni-i -h[i-is] (in broken delete *hes4 G, CAD 6 (I) 178; ana muhhi
context) ABL 1030:10; [a]na muhhi mamma ahdmeA ana muhhi dibbi sa biti ul i-na-bi-s[u]
sa ittisu [illak] zi?1 i-ni-ih-hi-is u kaspa ... they will not come back to a lawsuit against
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nahisu A nahasu A
each other about the house Cyr. 128:25, cf. ribitisu mahisma zimiLu i-na-hi-su if he is
ana muhhi ahames ul i-ni-hi-is-u' VAS 5 struck (by the disease) on his kneecap, and
105:48. his features become sallow(?) (preceded by
zimusu usqamamma his features are sub-
3. to recede, go down, to retrograde, to dued(?)) Labat TDP 140 iii 54.
settle(?) - a) to recede, go down (said of
water): see Malku II, in lex. section; summa 4. (with itti, ultu) to withdraw, deduct
(in NB adm.): 10 seni diktu ina epesnikkassi
ndru mila imisma ina qablisa it-ta-ki-is // it-ta-
hi-is if a river brings the (usual) flood and itultu Eanna ittiu i-na-ah-hi-su-4-nu at the
is cut off, variant: recedes, in its middle time of accounting by Eanna they will
CT 39 20:135, cf. summa ina ndri mllu deduct from him (i.e., his delivery) ten sheep
i-sam-ma ina na-ha-si- 4 [...] ibid. 146 (SB (per hundred, the allowable loss through
Alu); nagbu imtatima mili it-ta-ah-s[u] (var. predation) YOS 6 155:18; 3 siqil kaspu ina
it-tah-su) the spring became low and the idi biti kim batqa Sa ina libbi isbatu ittisu
high water (level) sank Cagni Erra I 136; milu i-na-ah-hi-su-ni they will deduct three
ina-hi-is the high water will recede CT 39 shekels of silver from the house rent (he owes)
16:50 (SB Alu), cf. [milu?] i-na-ah-hi-is-ma in compensation for the repairs which he
[...] LKU 105 r. ii 12 (astrol.); mu ina ndri made to it AnOr 8 58:8; mimma mala ultu
raksu ana muh isten natbdki sa ih-hi-i-su ul kaspi a' 3 MA.NA fPN itti PN2 ta-na-ii-is aki
ureddima ul ih-hi-i-is the water is "bound" zittisunu ahditu Unu Peiser Vertrige 108:10;
in the canal (and) on account of its having kurummati sa sdbe a' 37 itti PN u PN EN-a
fallen by (just) one layer of bricks, I did not li-ih-hi-si let my lord deduct from PN and
add (any water), and it did not fall (any PN2 the rations of these 37 men TCL 9 85:33;
further) PBS 1/2 55:5f., cf. in ih-hi-su (in apart from the previous claim against them,
broken context) BE 17 3:7 (both MB letters); he will cultivate the entire field and PN sis=
(if the water in a river) ahdt [nari] imlima sinsu ultu radistusu i-ni-ih(!)-hi-is PN will
kisal ndri na-hi-is covers the banks of the deduct his sissinnu tax from the claim
river, but the "courtyard" of the river has against him Camb. 3:13, cf. mimma mala
receded CT 39 16:49 (SB Alu). alla 100 aGTR
imatt ina u'iltisunu i-na-hi-
su-nu Nbn. 715:18, cf. ittisunu i-na-hi-su-nu
b) to retrograde (said of a planet): neke: ibid. 11; kaspa ... belu lusbilannasu jand
mrtu assu aldku u ne-he-e-su Sa dGUD.[UD] uttatu ina libbi i-na-ah-hi-si let (our) lord
(the uses of) the term nekemtu refer to the send us silver, or else they will deduct the
going and returning of Mercury CT 41 45 barley (to be bought) because of this YOS 3
Rm. 855:14 (astrol. comm.); sa ME 12 ana 68:31; obscure: the field, oxen, and plowmen
arkiSu LAL-is-ma us per day (Mars) retro- itti PN i-ni-hi-is-si misil zitti(?) sa PN, ... itti
grades 12, and the (second) stationary point PN 2 i-ni-hi-is-si BRM 1 101: 34.
(is reached) Neugebauer ACT 81la: 29, also 813
i 10, 13, iii 1, 5, 17; note ITI 1 us 40 GAR ana 5. to return, revert, be withdrawn (in NB
arkiSu i-na-hi-su (the node) recedes 1; 40 adm.) - a) referring to silver and staples:
degrees per month JCS 21 201:3 (LB astron.); x silver ina kaspi sa itti PN u LU.SID.ME ana
ina 16 Sandti Dilbat 2 us KI-4 ana GIs.su GN nas ana Eannait-te-eh-si was withdrawn
LAL-is in 16 years, Venus moves its place for the benefit of Eanna from the silver which
back to the west by two degrees JCS 21 201 was taken to Babylon by PN and the scribes
r. 9. GCCI 1 411:5; x kaspu ina harrani a ultu
GN i-hi-is 21 shekels of silver returned from
c) to settle(?): the stairway sa ina pana the business trip to GN VAS 4 30:15, x kaspu
epu enama ih-hii-is u ini which was built ... ina kunukkidu ana makkiiri it-te-eh-su
in the past became weakened, settled (2), and two minas of silver with its (original) seal
tottered AOB 1 68:3 (Adn. I); summa ina reverted to the treasury GCCI 1 275:5, also
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nahasu A nahasu A
YOS 6 112:16, 115:12, cf. (x silver) ana kutalla also, wr. LAL-ls PRT 9 r. 11; summa martum
i-hi-is-su CT 22 14:8; ina urdsi sa ana dullu na-ah-sa-at if the gall bladder is held down(?)
ana Esagil la nand it-te-eh-si from the gold YOS 10 31 i 10, but na-as-ha-at-ma ibid. 13,
which was not taken to Esagil for the work see also nasahu mng. 2b; summa ... martu
(x gold) reverted BIN 1 138:4, cf. GCCI 2 na-ah-sat CT 30 43:17, dupl. 22 K.6738:1 f., cf.
343:14; kaspu ina seri ul immerki kaspu mala ibid. 50 Sm. 823:3f., PRT 21 r. 14, wr. LAL-dt
i-na-ah-hi-si ... isallim the silver (of the TCL 6 5:51; Bumma paddnu inamana-ah-su
partnership) will not remain in arrears on if there are two "paths" and they are turned
the journey, any silver that is withdrawn backward(?) CT 20 10:20, 3:38, 7:17, 25:15,
will be made good BRM 1 45:7; [...] (text: 27:1, 29:12; [summa kakki imitti isissu(?)]
hepi) ina 1 MA.NA kaspu i-ni-hi-is [x silver?] turrat na-ah-sat sanis tur[rat ... ] ... GI tdru
per mina of silver will be withdrawn Nbk. GI [... kakki] imitti na-hi-is na-ha-su tdru
51:6; obscure: x kaspu ina tubbu indatu appasu ultu pan [... -su] ana arkigu itdrma
x kaspu tuhhl it-te-eh-si Nbn. 119:4; x sheep KI.A-Su ana pani sakin[ma] [if the base(?)
sa ina qdt PN ih-hi-sa-a-nu ana x kaspi ina of the right "weapon-mark"] is turned
pani PN2 which returned from PN are at the around (and) reversed, variant: is turned
disposal of PN2 for x silver GCCI 1416:3; around [and ... ], (if you look it up in the
ina uttati sa PN ana muhhi PN 2 ana makkiri word lists) GI means tdru, GI also means [...]
ni-ih-se-ti (barley) from PN's barley was - the right "weapon-mark" is reversed,
returned to the treasury charged to PN2 nahasu means tdru, (that means) its tip
GCCI 2 354:19, also YOS 6 138:4, 28, TCL 13 turns from its [...] to its rear and its edge
227:49. lies toward the front CT 31 12 ii 16 and
18, restored from ibid. 14 K.2091: 1ff.; excep-
b) referring to real estate: u'ilti ...
tionally in physiogn.: if his navel na-ah-sa-at
hepdtu u zeru ana PN it-te-hi-is the document
BRM 4 22:10.
is canceled and the field has reverted to PN
VAS 6 9:5, cf. bitdti sindta ana rnakkur 7. to detain (EA only): mar siprija ana
Eanna it-te-hi-is AnOr 8 70:22. muhhi sar 1Misri ahija ... altaparsumamma
6. (in the stative) to be turned backward(?), lu la i-na-ah-hi-is-su I am sending my
held down(?) (said of parts of the exta): messenger to the king of Egypt, my brother,
summa amutu imittasu na-ah-sat-ma sumlsu nobody may detain him EA 30:7; ahuja
ussur if the right part of the liver is held mdre Siprija ul umasSersunitimdku u madis
down(?) but the left part is loose TCL 6 1:6; i-na-ah-hi-is-si-nu-ti-i-ma-a-[ku-ma] would
summa tzirn ... ana panisunu alku ana that my brother had not released my messen-
arkdtisunu na-ah-su if the intestines are gers but had detained them for a long time
loose at the front, turned back(?) to the rear EA 29:155, also 152, cf. la i-na-ah-hi-is (in
BRM 4 13:58, cf. ana arkdtisunu alku ana broken context) EA 54:47.
paniunu na-ah-su ibid. 59, cf. also Boissier
8. I/3 to recede repeatedly: umma ...
Choix 89 K.4045:9, 94 K.4007:8, CT 28 45 r. 6
ina qabal ndri it-ta-na-ah-hi-is if [the ... of
(all SB ext.); 14 tirdnu na-ah-su 14 coils of the the water] recedes from the middle of the river
intestines, turned back(?) Bab. 2 259:25 (OB again and again CT 39 16:47, also 48 (SB Alu).
ext. report); summa tirdnu u kunukk LAL.
MES CT 30 43:18; summa kunukku na-ah-su 9. II to become held down(?) (ingressive
(see kunukku) STT 231 obv.(!) 2 (rit.), also to mng. 6): nimsu imittam litbu umelam
JAOS 38 82:12, 17 (report), CT 20 15 ii 24, wr. li-na-hi-sui(or -lu) may the nimii be erect
LAL.MES KAR 423 r. ii 51, CT 30 46 K.3943:6, on the right side and be held down(?) on the
21ff., CT 31 9 Rm. 2,217:11; kunukki imitti left side RA 38 85:8 (OB ext. prayer), cf. DIS
na-hi-is CT 20 15 ii 21, also, wr. LAL-is TCL 6 qer-bi MI.IB.HI.MES-U i-na-ah-hi-si(?) RA 65
5:27, 51, (with bumeli) Knudtzon Gebete 1 r. 14, 73:40 (OB ext.).
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nahasu A nahasu B
10. 11/2 (uncert. mng., said of celestial Note that the Sum. equivalent bur
bodies): summa Sin ina alakisu ut-tah-ha-as cited in lex. section does not fit the meanings
(possibly to nahLasu B or to duhEhusu) ACh proposed here.
Sin 3:44, dupl. LBAT 1528:4; summa Dilbatina The references cited mng. 9 are of uncertain
IGI.LA- d E nI aknat ultanappal ... ina ereb reading and may not belong to nahasu, but
sambi innammarma ana amurri ut-tah-has if to a verb nahdlu or na'alu.
Venus at its becoming visible has a "rear"
and is low, (this means that) it becomes nahasu B v.; to sob, to lament, to
wail;
visible at sunset and moves lower(?) toward OB, SB; I inahhis,
1/2, II, 11/2.
the west ACh IStar 2:14, also ana sit samSi
ir.ra im.mi.in.ies ses (var. [...] HUL sig.slg)
inappahma ana iti ut-taLh-as (opposite
nu.un.ga.g : ibakki it-hu-sa (var. nu-hu-sd) ul
NIM.MES-a it moves higher) ibid. 13. ikalla he weeps, he cannot hold back (his) lament
4R 27 No. 3:38f., vars. from K.3341+ (courtesy
11. III to send back, to let return, turn R. Borger), cf. SBH p. 57 No. 30:35f.; [ir im].
geg. es sig 7 .sig 7 nu.un.ma. [ma] : [abakki]
back - a) to send back: X.MES sa belija it-hu-sa ul akalla OECT 6 pl. 4 K.4926: 7f.
ana belija ul-te-hi-s[a?] the .... of my lord tu-na-ah-ha-as, tu-na-ah-ha-sa 5R 45 K.253 ii 43
I have sent back to my lord CT 22 35:41; and 46 (gramm.).
10 MA.NA kaspa Sa ana dullu sa bit DN nadan
a) nauhsu: uncert.: urra iitakkak miia
kt nu-rah-hi-is-si ana 300 siraka sa ana GN
i-na-ah-hi-[is] during the daytime he .... ,
illaku nittadin when we sent back the ten
at night he wails AfO 19 52:148 (SB prayer).
minas of silver which were given (us) for
work on the temple of Ninurta, we gave them b) ithusu: see lex. section.
to three hundred sirku's who are to leave for
Assur VAS 6 202:2; amilitu suatu ultu bit c) nuhhusu: i-na-ha-as surri sirhis my
PN ana bit PN 2 ... us-ta-ah-hi-is-su he sent heart laments like a dirge PSBA 17 137
this slave back from PN's house to PN2's K.8204:5; uncert.: (the sick man drinks the
house VAS 4 87:7, dupl. 88:7; 5 UDU.NITA sa medication) -n[a-h]a-sa-ma SUB-a Kocher
PN ana x kaspi sa muhi dullu PN, '-d-hi-su BAM 159 ii 27, cf. ibid. 24, and parallel -na-
ana libbi SUM.NA Cyr. 1:7 (all NB). ha-sa-ma ibid. 73 ii 4.
b) to let return: ill sa GN sa mat Assur d) 11/2: ibakki ut-[t]a-ha-as atta lu

ibukunimma ina Uruk usesibu ill iunic(ti> mutima andku lu assatka she weeps and
RN ana GN ul-tah-hi-is the gods of Susa sobs: You be my husband, I will be your wife
which Assyria had taken away and installed EA 357:81, also ibid. 15 (Nergal and Ereskigal);
in Uruk, Nabopolassar let these gods return ibakki Anunnaki libbi erseti ut-tah-ha-as
to Susa Wiseman Chron. 50:17; mar siprisu the Anunnaki-gods weep, the heart of the
ana muLi misru anapan ja ittalka ana kutalli earth sobs Ebeling Parfimrez. pl. 49:5, see Or.
ul-tah-hi-is-su u mar iprija ana ekalli altapra NS 17 418; [ut]tannah kisallu ut-tah-ha-su
his messenger came to me because of the a-bu-us-su the courtyard is sighing, the
border, I had him return (immediately) and storehouses lament MIO 12 p. 54 r. 14 (OB
sent my messenger to the palace (about it) lit.); ut-tah-has-ma (var. ut-tah-ha-d[s(?)-ma]
ABL 917 r. 12, also ABL 1120 r. 2; ana bit PN u-sab-ka-a la alit[tis] (see bak4 mng. 5)
tu-id-ah-hi-sa-'-in-ni you will let me return AfO 19 58:132 (SB prayer), cf. tuSmassi dimnti
to PN's house TCL 12 122:13; note in idio- Sd ut-tah-hi-su AD u AMA ibid. 65 iii middle 7,
matic use with idu: mannu Z4 4a idgeu restored from unpub. text, courtesy W. G. Lam-
lapani4u~-ah-ha-sanannabu uselli anyone bert.
who lets him escape (lit. removes his arms The refs. nanhuz dimta, dimtu nanhuzat
from him), I shall destroy his offspring (see dimtu mng. lb-2'), wr. nam-hu-za-at-ma
ABL 292 r. 1 (all NB). LKA 142:27, may, in spite of the doubts ex-
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nahasu C nahasu
pressed sub ahdzu discussion section, belong na-ha-si the nouveau riche whose wealth has
to ahdzu and not to nahasu, since nahasu is multiplied for him Lambert BWL 74:52 (Theod-
attested in 1/2, II, and 11/2, and possibly in I, icy); [ina pi]-fil karas teppir na-ha-a-sic
but not otherwise in IV. The ref. ACh Sin you provide abundantly (parallel: nemela
3:44, cited nahasu A mng. 10, may belong to taqdsa you grant profit) in the face of catas-
nahasu B, since the phrase Samas ... ibakki trophe Craig ABRT 2 21:9, cf. urappas na-
is also attested in astrol. omens, see bak'd ha-sc LKA 60:17, see Ebeling Handerhebung 138.
mng. 3b.
b) in omens: i-na-hi-is eli bel amatisu
nahasu C v.; (mng. unkn.); OAkk.* izzaz he will prosper, he will prevail over his
adversary Dream-book 322:30; [awlum] i-na-
Beer and flour a-na na-ha-zi GU warkium ah-hi-[is] the man will prosper HUCA 40-41
MAD 1 229:12 and 17. 88 i 10 (OB Alu); i-na-hi-is ZA 43 104:15
(physiogn.), also, wr. ina-hi-is CT 38 39:16,
nahasu v.; 1. to prosper, to thrive, to be 40:16; mar Sarri ina-his the son of the king
in good health, 2. to be pleasing (Nuzi only), will prosper ACh Supp. 2 Istar 63 i 8; bitu si
3. nuhhusu to make prosperous, to make ina-ah-his this house will prosper CT 38 17:99
rich, 4. IV (ingressive to mng. 1); OB, MB, (SB Alu); mat Akkadi ina-hi-is (opposite:
Nuzi, MA, SB, NB; I ihhis - inahhi, II, IV; ustanadda) Thompson Rep. 187:6, also ibid.
cf. munahhisu, nahsu, nudau, nuhanu, 266B:7, ACh Istar 4:1, and passim; [mdtu] si
nuhsu. i-na-ah-hi-is this country will prosper
CT 39 10 K.149+ :7, wr. ina-a[h-hi-is] ibid. 13
sa-ar AR = na-ha-sd Sd nu-uh-si Idu II 80;
hl(text bar.ra) = hi-du-tu, in.ga.hu1(!) = na- K.2922+ :10; na-ha-ds GN ACh Istar 4:2;
ha-su CT 51 168 ii 14f. (Group Voc. A). na-ha-ds ndri K.12815:7' (astrol.); dLAMMA
in.ga.hu[1], in.ga.lhul.e = [i]n-na-hi-is, NiG.TITK u na-ha-,d ittisa [ibassi?] a lamassu
[i]n-na-ah-su what a healthy (child)! (contrasted goddess (providing) wealth and prosperity
with ahulap, q.v.) OBGT I 645f.
will be with her Kraus Texte 47:31', cf. egirril
tu-na-ah-has 5R 45 K.253 ii 42. na-ha-se (oracular) utterance (predicting)
prosperity JRAS 1920 567 r. 23; note (as
1. to prosper, to thrive, to be in good
health - a) in gen.: DN napluska simat error for napad): eser ebiri na-ha-as Nisaba
CT 4 6 r. 9.
na-ha-si your (favorable) glance, Marduk,
means a fate of prosperity RA 60 171:2 (MB
c) in personal names: Na-hi-is-Salmu
seal); nigu kabatti nummur libbi na-ha-sd The-Well-Child-Is-in-Good-Health YOS 8
... lkimsuma may (the god) take away 64:20, PBS 1/2 2:7 (OB), also BE 1446a:2, and
from him joy of heart, elation, and prosperity passim in MB, see Clay PN 110, KAJ 27:15, and
Hinke Kudurru iv 10 (MB); ke na-ah-,a-at ke passim in MA, see Saporetti Onomastica 2 344;
namrat how healthy she is, how glowing she Na-hi-is-semdaHe-Who-Obeys-Her-Is-Pros-
is! (incipit of a song) KAR 158 vii 25; ki na- perous BE 15 188 i 11, see Clay PN 110; TdkilU
hi-is qabd la suuru to say, "How well he is," su-na-his ADD App. 1 x 41; Taddn-Nabii-
but not to guide (him) Surpu IV 10; fil nana-hi-is Nabu's-Giving-Is-Abundant TCL 13
hi-is awilum sa urram innamra(?) ina 231:20; Itti-Nabu-lih-hi-is Let-Him-Prosper-
aparim RA 45 172:24 (OB lit.); ula ih-hi-is with-Nabu BE 8 111:12 (both NB).
(in broken context) UET 6 397 ii 9 (OB lit.);
i ta-as-ni-ih i ta-an-me-er i ta-ah-hi-is 'PN 2. to be pleasing (Nuzi only): summaPN na-
may fPN become .... , bright, prosperous hi-id ana ardi inandin u summa na-hi-id ana
Coll. de Clercq No. 253bis (MB seal); riminnima LIJ taluhli inandin if it please PN she will
Istar qibi na-ha-Bi have mercy on me, Itar, give (the girl) to a slave (in marriage), and
decree my prosperity BMS 8:3 and dupl., see if it please her, she will give (her) to a taluhlu
Ebeling Handerhebung 60; bel pan sa ussubulu AASOR 16 23:7f., also 10.
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nahatimmatu *nahbasu
3. nuhhugu to make prosperous, to make nahbalu s.; net, snare; OB, SB; cf.
rich - a) with object specified: mu-na-ah- habalu C.
hi-is GN (Hammurapi) who brought about
eg.sa.du = na-ah-ba-lu (in group with duttatu,
the prosperity of the city of Ur CH ii 16, cf. hadtu) ErimhuS II 50; gis.e. sa.du = na-ah-ba-lu
Hammurapi ina [x x] x u-na-ah-ha-as Hh. VI 195; gi..ea.sa.di - na-ah-ba-lu = qu
ARM 2 49:12; j;kin mere mu-na-hbi (var. na-ah-ba-lim, gig.ka.mar, gii.phr.ru = ka-ma-
mu-na-a-hi-is)dadme (Enbilulu) who creates ru = MIN Hg. AI 98ff., B II 43ff., in MSL 6 76
wealth, who makes the inhabited regions and 79; giL.e.rfad1, gii.sa.pirig, gii.BfL.
prosperous En. el. VII 66; garru mdssu 4-na-
§t+A9.1a, ki.in.ra.ah = na-[ah]-b[a-lu] Nabnitu
XXIII 17ff.; gii j.sila = q-e i-ni-p[a-at] = qu-u
ah-has KI.MIN un-na-as the king will make na-ah-b[a-lim] Hg. B II 113, in MSL 6 111;
his country prosperous, variant: weak ACh NINDAX X = na-ah-ba-lu A VII/1:47.
Supp. 2 Adad 104 r. 29; mu-na-hi-if ummdndteja [Su.bi] ei.sa.ad gir.bi gis.rab.mah :
[qs8]su na-ah-ba-lu(var. -lum) hepbu nardabbumma
(Adad) who makes my troops prosperous his hand is a snare, his foot a clamp CT 17 25:14f.
Borger Esarh. 96:7; mu-na-hi-Sd-at lapni
(Nana) who makes the poor man rich BA 5 565 [sigara n]a-ah-ba-lu tidmtim [itta]dnu ana
iv 12; daldti ... mu-na-ah-hi-4d eribiSina Enki naz'iki they had given the bolt, the
doors which make those who enter through n. of the sea, to Enki, the leader Lambert-
them prosper Rost Tigl. III p. 76:28; Summa Millard Atra-hasis 42:15f.; digaru na-ah-ba-lu
tdmti Ea lissur qadu gammgu let Ea guard
mu-na-hi-i (opposite: muqallil) ZA 43 100 iii 3
(physiogn.); li-na-hi-i(text -zu) medretuka the bolt, the n. of the sea, together with his
ina ru'dme Sa IJtar may (Asallu3i) make plants ibid. 116 i 6, also i 10, 118 ii 4, 11, 18, 120 ii
your limbs attractive through the charms of 34 (OB); ina pija na-ah-balnadima u napraku
IStar Biggs aziga 17:17; Mu-na-his-dMarduk sikir aptija a snare is laid in my mouth, and
(personal name) CT 16 26 iv 38 (colophon), also a bolt is a bar for my lips Lambert BWL 42:84
VAS 6 171:13 (NB). (Ludlul II); Belet-seri na-ah-ba-li i-ta-x-di
Belet-seri lays(?) snares STT 230:17 (inc.).
b) in the stative: mimmdka sa nu-hu-fa-ta
kima ana miriqtim annitim la ikaiadu tam nahbaru (or nahparu) s.; (a garment);
mar you will see that your wealth, with
OAkk.*
which you are abundantly provided, will not
suffice to (make good) this damage TLB 4 1 TUG na-ah-ba-fru]-[um] 1 TUG na-ah-ba-
52:30 (OB let.); [... ] L (or [LU]GAL) iR.MES- ar TIUG.GADA MAD 1 169 ii 2f.
Snu-uh-hu-ud CT 40 42 K.2259+ :16 (SB Alu);
[Summa x]-x-4 nu-u-hu-u ZA 43 96:7 *nahbasu (nahbusu) s.; (a stone vessel for
(physiogn.). ointment); NA.
4. IV (ingressive to mng. 1): see OBGT I
NA 4 na-ah-bi-si sa ,amne rubti mald -
645f., in lex. section.
n.-containers, filled with oil fit for princes
nahatimmatu see nuhatimmatu. (among the booty taken from Sidon) Borger
Esarh. 8 § 5:2 (inscr. on an amphora, originally
*nahatu see nuhhutu. from Egypt, found in Assur, see von Bissing,
ZA 46 156ff.) ; andku Sin-ahhe-eriba ar mat
nahbaltu s.; net(?); SB; cf. abSlu C. A9ur NA4 na-ah-bu-[s]u anniu ana Adugr-
kindku k mahhalti re-da-a igu ki na-ah- DINGIR.MU-TI.LA at-ti-din I, Sennacherib,
bal-ti zammerdku kt atani I am as solid as a gave this n.-container to my son PN BM
sieve, I have .... like a n., I am as good a 93088 (inscr. on a vase of aragonite, with two lugs),
singer as a she-donkey 2R 60 ii 12 (SB lit.), see Budge Guide to the Bab. and Ass. Antiquities
see TuL p. 13. 3rd ed. 196.
See also nahbbalu. von Bissing, ZA 46 156ff.
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natbastu nabbf
nahbastu s.; (a reed object); Ur III*; two golden .... -instruments, their leather
cf. taFbatu. case (to be made of 1j sheepskins, etc.)
AU.NIGIN 1 GI na-ah-ba-ds-tum TCL 5 pl. BIN 9 38:2 and 6; 1 ku§.na.ah.ba.tum
20-21 6036 r. iv 42. gi6.s4.bi.tum.e one leather case for a
sabitu instrument ibid. 334:1 and 6; 39 pieces
nahbau s.; chaff-chopper; NB; pl. nahb of leather mu ku§.na.ah.ba.tum dug.
basdnu; cf. habdu. gan.tig.Ae for n.(-s) and(?) pouches
giL.in.nu.u.kin = na-ah-ba-u Hh. V 198,
UET 3 1289:3; 1 gi§.gu.za.ke6.da ...
also Hh. VII B 37. 2 kuL.udu.babbar na.ah.ba.tum.bi.ge
Jones-Snyder 291:8; 1 ku.na.ah.ba.tum
(three shekels of silver) ana na-ab-ba-sd-
gi.pisan.nu.us.hu.um BIN 9 361:8, cf.
a-nu ana bit alpe nadnu given to the cattle
ibid. 335:1, 437:7, 491:25, (for shoes) ibid. 408:3,
stable for n.-s AnOr 8 35:2.
etc.; 40 [kuS] udu sig mu kuS [n]a.ah.
nahbatu (nahpatu, nabhatu) s.; (a case for ba.tum MCS 5 115 No. 1:5.
precious objects); OAkk., early OB. c) made of reed: gi.pisan na.ah.ba.
gi.pisan.na.ah.ba.tum = u Hh. IX 56; tur BIN 9519:5; pisan.na.ah.ba.tum
kus.na.ah.ba.tum (var. kul.na.aa.pa.[tum]) (among household utensils) ibid. 183:5;
= Au (after iSpatu) Hh. XI 105; kul.na.ah.ba. 1 gi.pisan na.ah.ba.tum eg.da Ktr.GI
turn = u = ut-tuk-kan-nu Hg. A 147 and 185, in ibid. 350:13; 40 ze.[na] na.ah.ba.tum
MSL 7 149 and 152.
gi.pisan 6.SA ibid. 490:2; na.ah.ba.tum
na-ah-ba-td = ka-rim-gal-du Malku II 204. gi.ma.gan.Se ibid. 421:8.
a) made of wood: giB.pisan na.ah.ba. d) materialnot indicated: pisan na.a h.
tum a wooden box (used as) a case Pinches ba.tum (among household utensils) BIN 9
Berens Coll. 89 iii 3; 1 gig.na.ah.ba.tum 183:5.
da kuS.maS.ges.si.ga §a.bi tdg.du8 .a
Salonen Hausgerate 1 200ff.
kuS.a.ra.a ma.sa.lum na 4 .za.gin ba.
an.gar one wooden case, its side covered nahbu s.; (a container used in the prep-
with black goatskin, its interior lined with aration of beer); EA, NA, NB; cf. hab4 A v.
... -cloth and .... -leather, (for a) mirror dug.la. 1a.an.6u = na-ah-bu-u, na-as-bu-u
set with lapis lazuli UET 3 795:1; 2 gi .na. Hh. X 83f., also, with explanation dannu Hg. 52g,
ah.ba.tum ma.al.tum na 4 .bur.u.sAL in MSL 7 109; [dug].a.nag = na-ah-bu-u, na-as-
two wooden cases for containers and piru bu-u Hh. X 305f.; [dug.a].l1 = na-ah-bu-u,
na-a[s-bu-u] ibid. 313f.; [gi.a].l = na-ah-bu-u,
vases of .... BIN 9 355:13; 1 gi..na.alh.
na-as-bu-u, ma-Au-u Hh. IX 232ff.; gi.bugin.
ba.tum an.za.am KT.GI one wooden na.ab.ba, gi.ba.an.du = na-ah-bu-u ibid.
case for a golden goblet BIN 9 395:22, cf. ibid. 222f.; [.. .] [NINDAx E] = na-ah-bu-[u]AVII/1: 19.
333:1, 398:6, and passim in these texts; note na-as8-a-bu = na-ah-bu-u, [kup]-pu-ut-tu Malku
with metathesis: 2 giS.na.ab.ha.tum tur IV 141-141a; na-ah-bu-u MIN (= 8iparri) Practical
Vocabulary Assur 448.
two small wooden cases Reisner Telloh 126 vii 10
(UrIII); 10 giS.eme.sig gi§.taskarin(KU) 3 na-ah-bu-u4 a abni three glass n.-
Ve
pisan.na.ab.ha.tum ensix(PA.TE.SI).ka.
ITT 5 6972:2, cf. gi§.taskarin na.ah.
ba.tum.bi.S8 BIN 9 233:2.
containers EA 14 iii 63, also (gold) ibid. i 41
and 66, (silver) ii 44; 2 DUG na-ah-bu-U ki-i
[x kaspi] BBSt. No. 9 iii 20 (NB); 4 na-ah-
bi-e URUDU four n.-containers of copper
b) made of leather: 3 kus.na.ah.ba. Iraq 32 152:11, 3 na-ha-bi-fel URUDU Postgate
tum gir.ir.ra three leather cases for Palace Archive 155 iii 8 (NA).
daggers (worn in) the girdle RA 8 184 No. 2:2;
Landsberger, AfO 12 138 n. 13.
1 kul.na.ah.ba.tum gi§.§ub z.am.si
one leather case for ivory dice(?) BIN 9 225:3; nahbf in §a nathb~u s.; beer seller;
2 za.mi.tum KU.GI ku§.na.ah.ba.tum.bi NB; cf. ab A v.
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nahbusu nahlru
Lt dana-ah-bi-e-Au (as "family name") units and not capacity measures, n. is most
JRAS Cent. Supp. 46:42, wr. Sa na-ah-bi-s4i likely the name of a container.
TCL 12 7:21. Torczyner Tempelrechnungen 22.
Lit. "the one (with) his (i.e., who sells beer nahiranu s.; snorting(?, occ. only as
from) nahb4 containers." personal name); MB*; cf. nahdru B.
Oppenheim Beer n. 29.
Na-fi-ra-nu CBS 13373, cited Brinkman
nahbusu see *nahbas.u MSKH 1 412 B.7, of. Na-hi-ra-ni CBS 9960,
cited Clay PN 110, also TuM NF 5 1:5, and passim
nahbutu A s.; razzia; OB; cf. habatu D. in MB.
ina imitti martim kakkum na-ah-bu-tum nahiru s.; nostril; from OB, MA on; wr.
sakin on the right side of the gall bladder syll. and KA.BtiNII (KA.ME§ STT 89:176); of.
there was a "weapon-mark" (predicting) naharu B.
razzia Bab. 2 259:5, cf. kak resi sakin kakkum
pa.an.ta.kir 4 .mu = na-pi-i ap-pi-ia, pa.ag.
na-a-bu-tum Bab. 3 142:7 (OB ext. report). kir 4 .mu = na-hi-ir ap-pi-ia, im.kir 4 .mu =Aa-ar
The word is more likely to represent the ap-pi-ia Ugumu Bil. Section B 8ff.
inf. of stem IV of the verb habdtu D (kakkum a) in physiogn., diagn., and Izbu: summa
nahbutum as an asyndetic construction instead sinnistu ulidma appu u na-hi-ri ul ibassd
of kak(ki) nahbutim) than the verbal adjective if a woman gives birth, and there is no nose
of the same stem. For the mng., cf. habtu or nostrils (on the child) Leichty Izbu III
D mng. 2. 29, also 30-32, VII 49, Labat Suse No. 9:34;
summa ... na-hi-ir sabiti ,akin if he has
nahbutu B s.; robbery(?); NA*; cf.
nostrils like a gazelle's CT 28 28:23 (physiogn.);
habatu A.
[summa SE ina] na-hi-ri-4s imitti u sumeli
na-ah-bu-tu a bitija (in broken context) sakin if there is a mole on his right and left
Tell Halaf 110:3, cf. ibid. 9. nostril Kraus Texte 47:22f., also CT 28 12
K.7178: 10, and passim in physiogn.; summa ...
nahellu s.; (mng. unkn.); Qatna.* ana Sid na-hi-irimittisu akin Labat Suse No.
2 GAL K.GI sirwanase na-he-el-la-su-nu 8:23; jumma birit n[a-hi-ri-su ... ] if the
KI.GI two golden cups .... , their n. of gold partition of his nostrils [is ... ] (preceded by
RA 43 210:36. four broken omens describing the nostrils)
KAR 395 r. i 16, of. Kraus Texte 31: 6ff., 36 ii 13f.,
nahhu s.; (a type of rental?); NB.* Jumma kutal na-hi-ri ba-[...] Kraus Texte
bitu Sa PN ... adi tuppisu PN2 ana na-ah- 13:24; summa kunuk kisddiSu patir na-hi-
hu ina libbi asib BRM 1 78:4; babtu sa kiri ra-sd DIB.DrB (see sabdtu mng. 9a-2'c') Labat
Sa PN ... ana na-ah-hu sa itti PN2 TuM 2-3 TDP 82: 22f., also ibid. 58 r. 1, Kraus Texte 31 r. 1,
170:3. na-hir-si [...] Labat TDP 58:39, na-hi-ra-d
In Wiseman Alalakh 120:16 read probably ina
[...] ibid. 40f.; umma na-hi-ra-su KI-SU
mu-uh-hi-<(mu(!)-uh-hi)-u ilkun, with dittogra- KA.KA (obscure) Kraus Texte 13:19; summa
phy, cf. ina mu-uh-hi-Su iAkun ibid. 14. KA.BUNII- (var. KA.KAx LIII-d) ba'la if his
nostrils(?) are abnormally large (followed by
nahhuhuu s.; (a container); MB.* summuta) ibid. 23:14f., var. from K.3812, cited
na-ah-hu-hu (heading of a column of ibid. p. 15 sub No. 69, summa izbu KA-u uppuq
rations, between ibdu and kisru) BE 14 na-hi-ra-Au palsa if the malformed newborn's
141:3f., also FLP 1338:1 (courtesy J. A. Brink- nose is solid (but) there are holes for the
man). nostrils Leichty Izbu XII 54, cf. (describing
The word nahhuhu replaces udd in similar various features pertaining to the nostrils) ibid.
lists; since the numbers of this column are 19-27, 92f., also V 69, XI 65f.
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naltru natisu
b) in med. - 1' in gen.: summa amelu ni iltakan the king, my lord, has brought us
pdau u na-hi-ri-si bu'Sdnu sabit if a man is back to life, he has put the plant of life to
affected by bu'Sdnu disease in his mouth and our nostrils ABL 771:7 (NB).
nostrils AMT 25,6 ii 5, also 26,6 i 10; summa
c) referring to animals: summa re immeri
... KA.ME-si4 gansa subdssu ikkal if his
na-hi-ri-hu ugannas (see gandsu usage a)
nostrils are contracted, and he bites into his
CT 31 33:24 (behavior of sacrificial lamb), also CT
garment STT 89:176.
41 10 K.6983+ :5; na-hi-ri- u a imitti sdt-li-it
his right nostril is notched(?) (said of a
2' with ref. to medication: (materia horse) HSS 15 112:2;
see also Kocher BAM
medica) ina pisu ula'at [ana] na-hi-ri-d4
159 v 31 and 36, cited usage b-2', CT 28 28:23, cit-
inniqma iballut he swallows, sniffs into his
ed usage a; with ref. to representations: berti
nostrils, and recovers AMT 64,1:13 + 37,1:6,
na-hi-ri-Ju-nut sa NA 4.Zl MI the partition of
also AMT 26,4:10; Samna halsa ina takkussi
their nostrils (those of the stags represented)
ana na-hi-ri-s tanappahma iballut you blow
is made of black obsidian AfO 18 302 i 21
refined oil through a reed into his nostrils
(MA inv.).
and he recovers Kocher BAM 3 i 39, also AMT
36,2:7; Saman ereni na-hi-ri-si tuqattar you d) other occs.: na-hi-re-d uptehh x x
fumigate his nostrils with cedar oil AMT 54,1 etezba (Marduk) closed her (Tiamat's)
r. 9, also 64,1:21, dupl. 55,8:3, cf. qutru ana nostrils and left .... En. el. V 56; may the
piZu u na-hi-ri-s4 irrub (you fumigate him) evil depart kima updti ina na-hi-ri u hasisi
the smoke penetrates his mouth and his (see hassu mng. la) Kocher BAM 398 r. 16.
nostrils AMT 54,1:9, also K5cher BAM 3 i
nahiru s.; 1. whale, 2. spout; MB, SB;
38, dupl. 497 ii 15, of. Iraq 31 29:17; paniu u
cf. nahdru B.
libbi na-hi-ri-s4 taptanaSSas you repeatedly
put the salve on his face and the inside of his 1. whale: na-hi-ra da sisad a tdmti iqab-
nostrils K6cher BAM 35 i 22; pasu u na-hi-ra- biic uni ina qabal ttmti lu aduk out in the
js tukappar you wipe off his mouth and his sea I killed a n., which they call "horse of
nostril AMT 25,6 ii 12, also, with na-hi-ri-si the sea" AfO 18 344:24, also 352:67, AKA 138
ibid. 28,3:5, 31,6:8, 31,6:10+28,4:6, (materia iv 3; 2 na-hi-ri.ME ... abnima I made
medica) ana na-hi-ri-sg taSakkan you put (figures of) two n.-s (and set them in the
into his nostrils Kocher BAM 3 i 43, RA 40 gates of the palace) AKA 146 v 16 (all Tigl. I);
116:11, ana na-hi-ri-u tasannis Hunger Uruk sinne na-hi-ri bindt tdmdi amhur I received
44:21, and passim in similar phrases in med.; ana tusks of a n., a creature of the sea, (as tribute)
na-hir sumeliSu taSappak you pour it into his AKA 201 iv 38, also 373 iii 88 (Asn.); as personal
left nostril RA 15 76 r. 4; note: ina na-hir Su: name: PN mar mNa-hi-ri Aro, WZJ 8 573
meliSu DUB-ak you pour (the medication) into HS 115:32 (MB let.).
its (the horse's) left nostril Kocher BAM 159 v
2. spout: 3 na-hi-ri dbilt me aSkun
36, also KA-si u na-hi-ri-si biiSdnu sabtu ina
I installed (in the canal?) three spouts that
diSpi takappar ibid. 31; pi na-hi-ri liskunu
carried off the water AOB 1 82:12 (Adn. I).
saru ikkassir they should put (the tampons)
into the opening of the nostrils so the air is Ad mng. 1: the word means lit. "spouter,"
cut off ABL 108 r. 14, see Parpola LAS No. 252, describing the blowing of a whale.
for tampons with alum cf. also AMT 25,6 ii 6 Weidner, AfO 18 355f.
and 10; note in magic context: you put one
nihiru see nd'iru.
clay .... on your tongue, one into your
mouth 1 ina na-hi-ri-ka(var.-~i) one into nihisu s.; (mng. uncert.); OB lex.*; cf.
your (var. his) nostril Or. NS 39 136:10, of. naiasu A.
ibid. 12 (namburbi); in metaphoric use: Sarru [li.tig.b]al - na-hi-i-si-um OB Lu B i 9;
bll ubtallitanndidammu baldtu ana na-hi-ri- ld.tdg.bal - na-hi-si OB Lu D 6.
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nahittu nahlaptu
The term refers to a type of preparation iSakkanma ana sikkEri u ipattar ana siqi he
of cloth, see nasu mng. 3. For lu.tuig.bal will hang his n. on the door-bolt and go out
see also kdpigu. into the street (as punishment for breaking
a contract) Syria 18 246:22 (RS); qaqqaris
nahittu s.; (mng. unkn.); lex.* ippalsih na-ah-lap-tu isruta he threw him-
bir = MIN (= baJcmu) ha na-hi-it(?)-[ti] Nabnitu
self to the ground and tore his cloak Lie
E 113. Sar. 369, also TCL 3 411; RN Sa ina dabde
ipparSidu TUG.GU.E-ju iSrutu RN, who fled
nahlaptu s.; 1. wrap, outer garment (worn from the defeat and tore his cloak AfO 8
by soldiers and as festive apparel), 2. facing, 178:17 (Asb.); na-ah-lap-ta (var. TUG.GU.E)
coating, 3. leather or metal armor; from apluhti pul~hti halipma (see apluhtu) En. el.
OA, OB on; pl. na lapatu; wr. syll. and IV 57; [n]a-ah-lap-ti sdmti labiS (the man
(TUG.)G.E(.A), T G.G , G1T.HI.A; cf. epic appearing in the dream) was clad in a red
nablapti, halapu A. cloak ZA 43 17:50 (SB lit.); jakin mati issi
LU.ERIN.MES-' [ina] TUG.GU.E.ME hallupu
tug.gu6. = na-a[h-lap-tu] Hh. XIX 246; for
varieties see MSL 10 147:82ff., 151:140ff. (Fore-
the governor and his troops are clad in n.-s
runners to Hh. XIX); [tug.g]i. = [x-x]-x - ABL 473 r. 9 (NA let.); TG.G.E smta ihhal
na-ah-lap-td Hg. E 71, in MSL 10 142, cf. [tug ... ] lap he (the conjurer) will be clad in a red
= [e-dap]-pa-tum = na-ah-lap-tu qa-tan(or -lip)-td cloak BBR No. 26 i 25, ii 8; TUG.GU.E tuals
Hg. C II 16, in MSL 10 139; kul.lu.gu.6.a - na-
lapsu you have (the figurine) wear a n.
ah-la-pa-tum, ba-ab-bi-ru Hh. XI 263f.
tfg.gA.h sa, ni.te.na.kex(KID) gu.ma bi. Kocher BAM 202:10, 19, also STT 251:10 (rit.),
in.mu4 : na-ah-lap-ta 8anta Sa puluhti ahhalipka KAR 66:8; [...] Si-ni-pi-rum na-al-la-pd-
I am clothed in a red cloak which inspires fear (to tum ... tessihSi you provide her (Lamatu)
avert) you CT 16 28:68f. with ivory [...] (and) n.-s KUB 37 70:10
epartu = na-ah-lap-td An VII 193; kaduritu =
MIN (= na-ah-lap-td) burrumtu ibid. 194, eriptu,
(Lamastu rit.); mdmit TUG.Gr.E nakasu the
asit kidadi = MIN ibid. 195f., [hul]uptu= MIN su- oath by tearing a cloak Burpu VIII 62;
hu-um-bi ibid. 197, [x]-x-it-tum, Su-ri-it-tum, summa sisl TUG.GU. [ameli ikul] if a horse
[na]-a-qu, hitlapu, hitlupatu = IN ibid. 198ff., eats a man's cloak CT 40 34 r. 24 (SB Alu).
erimtu = MIN qalimtu ibid. 203, sa-am-tum, lu-lu-
un-tum - MIN se-ri ibid. 204f., lu-lu-un-tum,
da-ni-tum, GU.LA.E = MIN ta-ha-zi ibid. 206ff., b) material: na-ah-la-ap-du Sa GADA.MES
lu-uk-e-e, al-I -bu-tum, na-la-bu, na-si-ih-tum =- a cloak made of linen HS 15 169:9; x na-ah-
MIN a-re-e ibid. 209ff., also (adding several more la-ap-tum Sa GI§.GADA HSS 14 607:15; 10
broken equivalents) Malku VI 102-122; iltepitu,
TUG.GfU. GADA ten linen cloaks (in the
nahlapu, nasi8tu, asmatu, i-i-bu = na-ah-lap-td
u-ri Malku VI 123ff.; ul-pa-nu = MIN (= na-ah- household of the queen) MRS 6 184 RS
lap-td) tuh-4e-e ibid. 128; [na-ah-la]p-tum =- TrG. 16.146+ :12; lubustu Sarri ... na-ab-lap-tum
G1r., [x]-nu = MIN SU.BIR 4 .KI Malku VIII 53f. GADA patinnu u lubdr qanduppu the clothing
su-ba-a-t // na-ah-lap-tu TCL 6 6 r. i 5 (ext. of the king (at the ceremony of leading the
comm.).
god): a linen cloak, a headband, and a
1. wrap, outer garment (worn by soldiers .... -garment UVB 15 40 r. 9 (NB rit.); for
and as festive apparel) - a) in gen.: flour nahlaptum a kutdnim in OA, see kutdnu
and beer ana na-ah-la-pa-a-ti9a PN Birot usage d; 1 GADA lu T~G.GU.E lu kuddili GAL
Tablettes 50:15 (OB); 1 T1G~t GU.E.A Sa epunu (see kuddilu) KAV 200 r. 3 (MA); x [TPG.
beli ana budiu liskun let my lord (i.e., G]P.E. puikki x cloaks made of combed wool
husband) put on his shoulders the garment PBS 2/2 94:3, 8; x T1rG.KI.MIN (i.e., TUG.GU.E)
and the n. which I made ARM 10 17:10; tabarri x cloaks made of red wool ibid. 135 ii
Gti.EA.A KU.HI.A u KU§ misarriliqld let them 6f., also (with takiltu blue wool) ibid. 8 (both MB),
burn the n.-s, the hides, and the leather belts see Aro Kleidertexte 27 f.; x tapalu na-ah-la-
ARM 1 75:18, cf. [Gtr].ri.A KU misarri 'i ap-du Sa miu[hfie] x sets of n.-s of .... .-
KU[§.I.A] la iqall4 ibid. 38; TaoG.GtJ.E-J colored (wool) (also of tu4hiwe- and BamSmd=
138
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nahlaptu nahlaptu
nuhhe-colored wool) HSS 13 431:59-61; x GU.E ka-bar-tum ten thick n.-s PBS 2/2 94:7,
T6G.GU.E SIG.H.ME.DA x cloaks of red wool of. ibid. 2; (oracle query to a goddess as to
(for goddesses in Sippar) Cyr. 232:19, 23f., whether she is angry because) TU~G.GU..A
241:8, 16, 20, also, wr. TUG na-hal-ap-tum Hurri Ki9.GI (her) Hurrian-style cloak (em-
Nbn. 78:17, cf. ibid. 7, wr. TIUG na-hal-<ap>-tu broidered?) with gold (is shabby) KUB 5 10:4;
ibid. 10, 14; x sIG.GU.E1 sG.IH.ME.DA Cyr. for Hurrian cloaks in Hittite texts, see
7:10, 15, 18; [x TIG].GU.E SIG.H .ME.DA 1 TUJG. Goetze, Corolla Linguistica 53f., also 3 TUG.
GU.E birmu cloak(s) of red wool, one cloak Gu.r.A LUf [Hurri] three Hurrian-style n.-s
with multicolored trim Camb. 414:6, also 8; MRS 6 206 RS 15.135:2, Wiseman Alalakh 416:5,
10 GIN sfG.ZA.GIN.KUR.RA ana sa dullu 9a 30, TUG.GtT Hur-ri EA 22 ii 36, 39, 41, iii 24;
TrTG.GU.E.A 9a Belet-Sippar ten shekels of 1 TUG.GU.E SU.BIR4 Wiseman Alalakh 416:7,
blue-purple wool for work on DN's cloak cf. 1400 TUG. na-ha-<la?>-pa-a-te9a KUR
Camb. 137:3. AN&E.KUR.RA-a-a ADD 680 r. 1 (NA); ilten-
nitu GU.E inahilu one outfit of second-
c) weight: 2 u-Si TUG.GU.E.HI.A mnisi quality cloaks HSS 14 523:11, also ibid. 7:2, 7;
narim KI.LA.BI 4 GU1 47j MA.NA § iSkar 4 tapalu n[a-a]h-la-ap-tum tuttupu four
iSparatim sa DN 120 n.-s washed in the river, pairs of .... n.-s HSS 14 520:39, x na-ah-la-
weighing four talents and 471 minas, from ap-tum tuttupu HSS 14 607:12 and 15, 34,
the delivery due from DN's female weavers also, wr. GU.E HSS 14 620:5, wr. GIO.UD. (DU>
Birot Tablettes 23: 1 (OB); iltennitu na-ah-la- du-ud-du-be-na HSS 15 201:10; 2 TUG.GU.
ap-tum SIG 5 2 MA.NA suqultasu sa na-ah-la- kizzi SISKUR Iraq 11 146 No. 7:15, for other
ap-ti one set of fine quality n., the weight of refs. see kizzu A; [x] na-ab-la-ap-tum 9a
the n. being two minas HSS 5 36:14, 16, also maja[li] [x] bed cover(s) HSS 14 607:14.
ibid. 95:16 (Nuzi); 5 MA.NA KI.LA TUG.GU.i(!)
five minas (of wool), the weight of a n. f) beside other pieces of apparel: na-ah-
Cyr. 190:13; for weight of tug.giu. in Ur ld-cp-tdm PN ... ublakkim PN brought you
III texts see Waetzoldt Textilindustrie 52 n. 118. (fem.) an. (beside parqigu) CCT 3 31:36 (OA);
'PN TUG.GU.E.A TUG.BAR.SI.BAR.SI u 5 kiisstim
d) price: 10 GIN kaspam ana na-ah-ld-
dp-tim Sdmim duatima addidSum I gave him ublam rPN brought me a n., several scarves,
and five .... -s Kraus AbB 1 134:13; TUG.GU
ten shekels of silver to buy a n. ICK 2 83:13';
51 GIN 7+[x] §E kaspum sm na-a[h]-ld-dp- TUG.GI.E TTG.BAR.SI KU§.E.SIR KU§ ma liam
u samnam ... simdamma ,ibilam prepare
[tim] KBo 9 26:3 (both OA); 2 TUG na-ah-la-
pa-tum Ki.BI 3 GIN two n.-s, their price in and send me neck scarves, n.-s, headdresses,
silver three shekels UET 5 607:1 (OB); 9 TUG. shoes, buckets, and oil (as equipment for sol-
GT.E k 18 KU.BABBAR nine n.-s worth 18 diers) LIH 44:5 (OB); 18 TIG 10 fGU.10 U+ SAG
(shekels) of silver BBSt. No. 7 i 24, also YOS 18 garments, ten n.-s, ten headdresses
1 37 i 16 (early NB), BBSt. No. 27 ii 5 (MB); ARM 7220:2, 4; 1 TUG.GU.E (in broken con-
1 TUG.GU.E ki GiN hursi one n. worth text, among various garments to be delivered
one-half shekel of gold PBS 2/2 27:9; 1 TUG. by female weavers) KAJ 231:1, 6 (MA); 1 TUG
qadu na-ah-la-ap-tiu qadu hullanni ana LU.[x]
<GU>.E esu ki 2 GIN kaspi one new n. worth
two shekels of silver BE 14 128a: 1f. (all MB).
one garment including a n. and a wrap for a
[...] HSS 13 225:6; 1 TIUG iltennitu na-ah-
e) other qualifications: 1 TUG.GU.E SU.A la-ap-tum u 1 TTG eMu one garment, one
PN one .... n. for PN PBS 8/1 45 i 15, also iii outfit of n., and one new garment HSS 9
9 (OB); 1 GU.E.A SAG one top-quality cloak 25:7, also RA 23 155 No. 50:16; total 35 TlG.
ARM 2 116:10; wool da 50 GU.HI.A namrati ME§ 16 GT.E HSS 14 6:11; note the writing
OBT Tell Rimah 57:5; 2 TUG.G.E qd-lip-tum iltenntu na-a-NA-ap-du u iltennitu Senu
(or qd-tan-tum) KA birmu Aro Kleidertexte 12 elteqe I took one outfit of n. and one pair of
HS 128:1, and passim, see ibid. p. 27f.; 10 TPG. shoes HSS 5 17:9; Sitta TUG.G.5..MBE Sa
139
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nahlapu nahpatu
mdrti Ebabbar two n.-s for the "Daughters karim ... imaddad he (the tenant) weighs
of Ebabbar" VAS 6 26:21, also PEF 1900 out x sifted barley in the three-seah measure
p. 261:3, (referring to other goddesses) VAS 6 of the kdru TCL 11 149:18; [x]-x-ba-tam
16:18, CT 4 38a:5, ZA 4 137 No. 4:8. lihhul [n]a-hi-il-ta-u [...] (barley) .... he
should sift, its sifted part(?) [...] Kraus
g) in comparisons: [x x] tdhazisu kima AbB 1 42:13 (all OB); ZiD na-ah-la-amsibili
na-a-l[ap(!)-t]i(!) fhal-lip he was covered send (fem.) sifted flour ARM 10 170:19; se-
with his [dread?] of battle as if with a n. am na-ah-la tasarraq you scatter sifted barley
STT 43:32, see AnSt 11 150; nise mdtisu sahar
BMS 12:4, also BBR No. 59:5, JRAS 1925 45
Jubb& kima na-ha-lap-ti li[labbissunuti] may r. 41.
(Sin) cover the people of his land with
leprosy as with a cloak AfO 8 20 iv 5 (AiSur- b) aromatics: GIS.GI haslute na-ah-lu-te
nirari V treaty), cf. [sahar]Subb4 kima na-ah- crushed and sifted reeds Ebeling Parfimrez.
lap-ti luhallipSu BRM 4 50 r. 17. 28:13, also ibid. 33:7, (asu) ibid. 28:5, 29:11;
[...] na-ah-la tamaddad you measure sifted
2. facing, coating - a) of a building: [...] ibid. 25 i 13 (MA); x kasija na-ah-lu-tu
na-ab-lap-tum ziqqurrat elitu appalisma I sifted kas4 BE 8 74:1 (NB), also Nbn. 787:14,
discovered the outer facing of the temple wr. na-ha-lu-i-tu Cyr. 355:6.
tower CT 34 28 i 70 (Nbn.).
b) of a part of a body: uzv na-ah-lap-ti nahlu s.(?); (a garment, or a characteristic

UR (in list of meat cuts distributed from of a garment); syn. list.*
offerings) Ebeling Stiftungen p. 19:13 (NA). u-dib-lum = na-ah-lum, sanqu An VII 186f.,
also Malku VI 94f.
3. leather or metal armor: see Hh. XI 263,
in lex. section; [u]l uballip 7 TaG.GaU.E.ME§- nahlu see nahallu.
su [... 1-e]n halipma 6 Sahit he did not put
on his seven coats of mail, he wore only one, nahmasu s.; stand (for a kettle); NB; of.
having taken off six Gilg. IV v 45, see Lands- hamdsu.
berger, RA 62 105; G . URUDU [...] a
didu u na-ah-ma(!)-su(!) (text na-ah-su-
kapd[ri] copper n.(-s) for polishing (among turn) maSkanu kettle and stand are the pledge
copper objects) ABL 1077 r. 8 (NA), see Lands- Nbk. 199:5; diidu ina muhhi na-ah-ma-su
berger Date Palm p. 32.
maSkanu Nbk. 108:7.
1 ne-eh-la-ri(or -hu, -du)-um (beside nebas
hum and parszgum) MDP 28 526:19 (OAkk.), **nahmutu (AHw. 715b) see naharmutu.
even if emended to ne-eb-la- (ap>-du-um,
would leave the -e- in the first syll. unex- *nahnahatu (anahnakutu) s.; cartilage;
plained. NA.*
lippi ammite ina la muddnute inassiu ina
nahlapu s.; (a garment); OA; cf. haldpu A. muhhi na-ah-na-he-e-te Sa appi ummudu na-
na-ah-la-pu (var. na-la-pu) = na-ah-lap-td ic-ri ah-na-hu-tip uda'upu they do not apply those
Malku VI 124, var. from An VII 211. tampons properly, they put them against
[1?] na-ah-lu-pu (among household objects) the cartilage of the nose so that they press
ICK 2 344:8. the cartilage ABL 108 r. 10f., see Parpola LAS
No. 252.
nahlu (fem. nahiltu) adj.; sifted; OB,
Mari, MA, SB, NB; cf. nahalu A. nahnahutu see *nanahatu.
a) barley and flour: x SE GITR na-ab-lum nahparu see nakbaru.
x gur of sifted barley TLB 1 154:1, YOS 12
383:1, A 32067:1; x §E na-ah-lam ina simid nahpatu see nakbatu.
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nahpd nah6atu
nahpu s.; (an agricultural tool); lex.*; cf. garments), 4. (unkn. mng.); MB, SB; wr.
epil v. syll. and LAL; cf. nahasu A.
giL.al.ga-azgaz = na-ah-pu-u Hh. VII A 165; 1. pointed(?): [ina mu]lmullijana-ah-zu-te
gii.nig.ur.gaz, gi§.ir.gaz = na-fahl-pu-u ibid.
34f. with my pointed(?) arrows (in broken con-
text, replacing zaqtu in parallel contexts)
nahramu see nrramu. Borger Einleitung 1 137:8, also 136:33 (Aiur-
bel-kala).
nahru A adj.; dry, seasoned (wood); lex.*;
cf. naharu A. 2. retreating: zI-bu IAL-U nakru ala
gi9.sa.ab.lui = is-su na-ah-[rum], gii.sinig. ilammima ul isabbat attack which ends in
ud.da.kud.da = bi-nu na-hi-ir (var. MIN) retreat (opposite tibu kaSdu successful
Nabnitu A 153f. attack), the enemy will besiege the city but
Compare gi§.sinig.ud.da.kud.da.ginx will not take it CT 31 20:15 (SB ext.).
(GIM) ki.bi.§e na.an.gi 4.g[i 4] may (the
3. (uncert. mng., qualifying garments,
evil), like this seasoned tamarisk wood
MB only): [x] TUG na-ah-su-tum 56 TUG
(followed by gis.sinig kud.da.ginx), not
kabrutum x n.-garments, 56 thick garments
return to its original habitat Kocher Pflanzen-
(beside TUG pusikki) PBS 2/2 94:5; x su-
kunde 26:2' and parallel K.1390:3, cited JNES
na-ti na-ah-s[u(?)-ti] ibid. 127:12, cf. x TUrG.
15 148.
UR.ME LAL.MES (preceded by TUfG.UR DIG,
nahru B adj.; invalid, not binding; MA. TUG.URSgU) Aro Kleidertexte 13f. HS 157:9, 18.
iuppu sit asar tellianni na-ah-ra-at ana 4. (unkn. mng.): nahla na-ha-sa inaagurri
hepe naddt this tablet, wherever it comes to u kupri lu aksir (see nahallu usage a) AOB 1
light, is invalid and is to be broken KAJ 82:10 (Adn. I).
142:14, also JCS 7 127 No. 19:23, Iraq 30 177:9,
Only mng. 2 can easily be connected with
178:7, 181 TR 3012:10, and, wr. na-ha-rat
the semantic range of nahasu; the other
ibid. 168 TR 2061:11; tuppdtu gina na-ah-ra
usages of this adjective are difficult to relate
... ana a-pi nadd VAS 19 21:22.
to this verb.
Deller and Saporetti, Oriens Antiquus 9 45.
nahru s.; (a disease or a part of the body); nahsabu s.; (an object made of silver);
pharm.* Mari*; cf. hasabu.
asgum na-ah-sa-bisa bell ispu[ram]anumma
U UD.UD baltappani : GIG na-ah-ri (var.
na-ah-[sa-bi(?)] 11 I a IK[T.BABBAR] suqul:
t GIG [...] : ana muhhi [nahri nade?]) the
taSu sa-gi-ik-k[i] ... ina gusanim aknukamma
.... of the haltappdnu plant is an herb for
... usibilam as for the n.-s about which my
n., to put on [the n.] (or: to use for n.)
lord wrote me, I have now put the n.-s,
(T 14 43 Sm. 60: 3, var. from dupl. Kocher BAM
weighing 11, shekels of silver, and the ....
1 iii 25.
under seal in a leather sack and sent (them)
nahsatu s. pl.; (mng. unkn.); OB.* ARMT 13 12:5 and 7.
assum na-ah-sa-tim da taspuramnesi as
for the n.-s about which you wrote us Boyer nahatu s. pl.; hemorrhage; SB.
Contribution 208:7, cf. ana na-ah-sa-tim (in sa na-[ah]-.d-a-tdmarsatSAL a ina mere8u dami
broken context) ibid. 13 (OB let.). Itanammaru (a woman) who suffers from n.: a
woman during whose pregnancy blood keeps ap-
Plural of *nahistuor fem. pi. of an adjective pearing Hunger Uruk 39: 7.
nahsu, with referent not expressed.
a) in gen.: sinniitu sa na-ah-Sd-a-t,
naihsu (nabasu) adj.; 1. pointed(?), 2. re- marsat niqd lu'4 <D >-uS a woman who
treating, 3. (uncert. mng., qualifying suffers from n. will perform an impure
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nal§u nahu
sacrifice KAR 423 i 15; beltu murus na-ah- a feather of a .... duck, a lizard Kocher
Sd-ti marsat KAR 153 r.(!) 12 (both ext.); T BAM 476:14.
Sumuttu Sammu na-ah-Sd-te(var. -ti) the
sumuttu plant is a plant for n. Uruanna I 2. (a piece of cloth): see Hh. XIX, in lex.
section.
403c.
3. (a part of the exta): see Practical
b) in med.: summa sinnistu rA(?)1 na-ah- Vocabulary Assur, in lex. section.
SA-a-ti marsat if a woman suffers from an
attack(?) of n. Kocher Pflanzenkunde 22 ii 1; The ref. assum na-ah-ti-u (in broken
KA.rINM.MA sinniSti Sa na-ah-sd-te marsat context) KBo 1 4 iii 8 may belong to na'cdu.
Kocher BAM 237 i 17, 21, and passim in this text; For AnSt 11 150:32 (= STT 43:32) see nahlaptu.
na-ah-d-tu ipparrasa (her) n. will stop ibid. nahil adj.; thin (qualifying onions); OB.
24, 29; summa amelu <damu> ina Suburrisu
kima sinniSti sa na-ah-Sa-te §UB.§UB-a Kocher SUM na-hu-tim SAR.HI.A ... dibilim (among
BAM 99:42, emended from ibid. 19, dupl. ibid. other onions) TLB 4 110:17 (OB let.); x
100:2, also AMT 43,1 iii 3. birihhu SUM.SAR na-hi x bundles of n.-
onions PBS 8/2 185:2; 4 SAR SUM ellitim
M. Greenberg, Finkelstein Mem. Vol. 85 f.
SAR 4 SAR SUM na-hu-tim u 2 SAR SUM.SIKIL.
nah§u (fem. nahistu) adj.; 1. healthy, SAR TCL 11 202:8, cited bahu adj.
prosperous, 2. lusty; OAkk., OB, SB; cf. The ref. sum.sig.SAR = ba-hu-tu Hh.
nahasu. XVII 257, cited batdi adj., may have to be
na-ah-,um = ha-i-[ru] Explicit Malku I 171. emended to nahdtu on the basis of the OB
references.
1. healthy, prosperous - a) as personal
name: for OAkk. and Ur III Na-ah-Sum, nahfi s.; (mng. unkn.); EA.*
Na-ah-um-BALA, Na-hi-iS-tum, Na-hi-es-tum 2 na-hu-u (in broken context) EA 14 i 36
see MAD 3 200. (list of gifts from Egypt).
b) as "Flurname": A.GAR na-hi-is-tum **nahi (AHw. 717a) for AfO 19 52:148 see
CT 47 82:3, 9, 16 (OB). nahbdsu B; for Or. NS 23 214 (KBo 1 12) r. 9
2. lusty: see Explicit Malku, in lex. section; see ndhu mng. 2d; for VAT 9592 (Kagal B) i 8
kI stlhdku ana na-ah-Ai (incipit of a song, see see na'4.
dahu usage a-2') KAR 158 vii 7, also ibid. ii 7. nahiu s.; lard; from OAkk. on; wr. syll.
For VAT 8755 ii 15 (Nabnitu E) see nahittu. and I.SAI.
nahtu s.; 1. fledgling bird, 2. (a piece of [i.ah] = [na-a-h]u Hh. XXIV 63; i.iah -
MIN (= na--hu)9d Antagal1AH
E b 5; dug.sab.
cloth), 3. (a part of the exta); SB; cf. nihtu. i.ah = Ad na-a-ha Hh. X 137; dug.hal.i.gah =
amar.us.TU.muen = na-ah-tc, [us.Tu.tur. Sd na-he-e ibid. 233; [dug.hab.hab].i.9ah =
nmuen = MIN] Hh. XVIII 203f.; [amar.vs.TUR. [8d na-a-hi] ibid. 118.
mu en] = na-ah-tum - ni-ib-.u Hg. B IV 259c, hi-li-ib NAGA = na-a-hu A VII/4:92, note:
in MSL 8/2 168; [amar.us].Tu.mugen = na-ah- [hi-li-ib] [NA]GA = a-an-[hu] Ea VII 280.
td(var. -tu) - ni-ib-,u mar i-sur GAL-i (var. DMU. a) in gen.: x DUG i.SAH x pots of lard
MUIEN ra-[bi-i]) Hg. C I 28, var. from Hg. B IV
HSS 10 109:2, 19, 110:3 (OAkk.); x i.§AH(text
tig.ib.e A = u-dup-lum,
303, in MSL 8/2 172 and 170.
na-ah-tum, tug.ib.
bal MIN (= na-ah-tum), ni-bit-tum Hh. XIX 183ff.
.KAL)
i. AH
a huzirim TCL 14 47:4, cf. i.GI~ Sa
unpub. text in Konya line 5 (courtesy D.
[vzu.x.x] = na-ah-td Practical Vocabulary Owen, both GA); 1 (BAN) 5 siLA i.SA ana 1
Assur 924.
siqil kaspim one seah and five silas of lard
1. fledgling bird: see Hh., Hg., in lex. (sell) for one shekel of silver Goetze LE § 1 A
section; PA A.MUVEN na-a-ti PA US.TUR ni- i 11, cf. 1 SiLA i.AI sa nishtim 2 (BAN) 5 sLA
ih-ti EME.[§ID] a feather of a young eagle, Ae-u ibid. i 19; mahir i.GI~ u Si.A kamaram
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nahu A nAihu A
to add the price of oil and lard Sumer 7 152:50, to pacify (a country, a people), to quiet a
of. mahr na-hi-im ibid. 43:3, also ibid. 2 and 5 child, to calm down, 6. nuhIhu to bank, ex-
(math.); i. AHT D lard of ordinary quality TCL tinguish a fire, to dampen a desire, to
10 78:6; 9 DUG i.AH ruqi nine vessels of stanch, still, to allay (a pain, an illness), to
refined lard OBT Tell Rimah 204:3, cf. 7 DUG loosen (a curtain), 7. nuhthu to satisfy, to put
i.SAH ibid. 4, and passim in this text; loan of 6 (someone's mind) at rest, 8. III to appease,
SiLA i.SAH VAS 18 12:5; 2 siLA i.AH U 1 9. IV to find relief; from OAkk. on; I inch
vzu(?) inima sahdm atbuhu two silas of lard, - indh - neh, 1/2 ittii (Ass. ittuah), II, 11/2,
also one (piece of) meat, when I slaughtered III, III/3(?), IV; wr. syll. and HUN.GA; cf.
the pig YOS 12 164:19, also 24 (all OB); [x] SILA munihhLu, nhis, n~ht, niu, n uLhu adj.,
I.SAH [pi]qittaka uStdbilakkum ARM 10 105:17, tanehtu.
cf. 1 (PI) na-hu-um 1 (BAN) butndtim ibid.
se-e-di SED 7 = na-a-hu, pa-4d-hu S b I 22f.;
116:28; 1 DAL i a DTG.GA a SE.i.GIS 2 DAL 1
se-ed §ED = na-a-hu, pa-4-hu A VIII/1:175f.;
sa DfTG.GA §a SAH 3 DAL i Sa na-a-hi one jar ge-e 6ED = na-a-hu, pa-4.-hu Idu II 273f., also
of good oil (made) from linseed, two jars of Ea VIII 64f.; le-e MtxA - na-a-hu, pa-.d-hu
good fat from pigs, three jars of fat from A VIII/1:172f.; [se-e] INANNAx[A].DI = na-hu-um
lard HSS 15 167:25ff., cf. 3 DAL i.§AH JENu MSL 3 222 G8 i 2' (Proto-Ea); e-e §ED 8 = pa-d-hu,
362:9, [x] DAL U 6 SILA i.SAH HSS 14 229:1
na-a-hu Diri III 113-113a, but se-e ED8 = nu- h-
hu-um(text -Du) Proto-Diri 215a; e-e TIR =
(all Nuzi); Summa ersetu na-a-h[u] ukal if the na-a-hu, paSahu A VII/4:78f.; te-en TE = na-a-hu,
soil contains lard CT 41 20:1 (SB Alu). padahu A VIII/1: 206f., Izi E 102f.; hu-un HUN =
na-a-hu Ea I 175; hu-un ba.an.hun = i-nu-uh
b) in med. and rit.: lu ina i.SAH [lu ina] Izi H 171; a. [hun.ga] = na-a-hu d4lib-bi, [§ED7]
i.GIS ikkal he eats (the medication) either in = MI Ad mur-.i Antagal E b 3f.; ku-uskfi =
na-a-hu (error for anahu, followed by derivatives
lard or in oil Kuchler Beitr. pl. 2 ii 11; materia
of anahu) Antagal G 260.
medica itti I.AAH tuballal you mix with lard Ga4 = nu-h-hu-um MSL 2 143 i 12 (Proto-Ea);
ibid. pl. 8 ii 19, cf. Kocher BAM 124 i 21, dupl. zu-ur zuR = nu-uh-hu A VIII/1:35; [si-is-kur]
AMT 73,1 i 26; i.§AH unassab he sucks lard ZURX 6E.ZURX ME = nu-uh-hu Diri II 10.
AMT 85,1 ii 2; i.LAH ES.[ME]S you anoint a.bdhl.la = nu-'h l[ib-bi] Izi K 266.
(him) with lard AMT 73,1 ii 6; i.KU6 i.SAH lugal.mu uru.k[i.ag.g]A.zu(.§e) iA.zu he.
(and other kinds of fat) KAR 91 r. 13; uldp en. hun.g : belu ina al[ika Aa] tarammu libbaka
li-nu-uh let your heart, O lord, relent in the
as[kdpi] lupputu i.SAH ikkibki a soiled rag
city youlove AngimIV 31ff.; 8A.zu h.en.hun.
from a leatherworker, and lard, which are an ga bar.zu hb.en.edy.de : libbaka li-nu-uh
abomination to you 4R 58 i 14 (Lamastu), cf. kabattaka lip4ah let your heart calm down, let
uldpu lupputu ... i AAH UD-e istenis tuballal your mind be appeased SBH p. 45 No. 22:29f.,
tapassassu a dirty rag, fat from a white(?) also 31f., 39f., BRM 4 10:31f., SBHp. 99 No. 53r.
56f., TCL 6 53 r. 16f.; OECT 6 pl. 2 K.4664:16f.;
pig, you mix together and anoint him (and [e]n bun.gA hu.mu.ra.ab.be : blu nu-uh
he recovers) 4R 58 i 31 (Lama.tu). liqbika let him say to you: Quiet down, O lord
See also nuhhu s. KAR 106:5ff., also BA 10/1 100 r. 3f., 118 No.
36:12f., 4R 9 r. 25ff., 4R 18 No. 2:13f., and
von Soden, Or. NS 20 165. passim in this text; b.abhun.u hun.u de.en.
na.an.tuk.a : libbu nu-uh nu-uh liqqabidum let it
nahu A (nuhu) v.; 1. (in the stative) to be said to him: Heart, calm down, calm down!
be slow, still, 2. to relent, be appeased, to 4R 21* No. 2:32f., also SBH p. 29 No. 13:14f.;
become peaceful, pacified (said of persons, Ma
im.ma.kex(KID) i 6e.ma.kex de6.m.ma.
jhun.e : libbaSu ina puS uhi li-nu-ha-am let his
peoples, countries), to abate, subside (said heart relent toward me through assuagement
of storms, waves, fire, fighting), to have an 4R 21* No. 2:26f.; a.zu de.en.na.hun.[e] :
abatement from an illness, to die down (said of libbaki li-nu-uh let your heart calm down ASKT
sounds), to rest (said of inanimate objects), p. 122:14f., also ibid. r. 7f., Delitzsch AL3 136 r.
Ilf., KAR 101:20f., OECT 6 pi. 4 K.5992:9f.;
3. to take a rest, 4. nuhLhu to appease (an an- umun.mu s& an.ta [x x] nu.um.hun.e.da.
gry god or demon), to calm furor, 5. nutLhu ni : belu Aa libbaSu eliA la i-nu-ha-am 4R 21* No.
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nahu A n hu A lb
2:8f., also 12ff., cf. [...] nam.hun.gi : [...] x [9dr.ra.mu].de a.ba mu.un.ged.de : [ina
i-na-ah BM 134692:5f. (courtesy W. G. Lambert); ez]ezija mannu -na-ah-ha-an-ni who can calm me
sa.zu n.e nu.hun.gA : libbaka adi mati la when I am raging? SBH p. 140f.:188f., 227f., of.
i-nu-hu how long until your heart calms down? BA 5 633 No. 6:28f.; a.ra.zu siskur.ra.ta
SBH p. 131 No. I:46f.; [en t]ukundi iun.ga : 9a.bi de.in.ged.de : ina taqribtu u teslitu
[adi 8]urri nu-hi calm down immediately BA 10/1 libbaSu u-na-ah with offering and prayer I appease
77:28f.; gagan.mu mu.[x].du.a hun.gA him SBH p. 58 No. 30 r. 13f.; 9ir.bi du, 1 .a
arlug tuku.ma.ra.ab : beltu nu-hi-ma remu ma.ra.bun.e sa.zu de.en.[gedy.de] : girha
ride calm down, O lady, have mercy on me KAR mu-ne-ha ina duzmuri (see ?irhu A mng. lb) 4R
73 r. 17f. 21* No. 2:5f.; en.e gi.da.zu.6e.a ied 7 .da.
nam.gig.ga.bi.e6 tg.em.la.a.ta nu.ged7 . zu.9e.a : blu ana nu-uh-hi-ka ana sup uhika
de : [ana] marutiuina sindi ul i-na-ah he is not lord, to quiet you, to appease you KAR 101:11 f.,
soothed with bandages in his sickness 4R 22 No. of. a.ba Ai.in.eedy.de : li-ni-ih-iumannu
2:12f.; ga.ib.ba.zu ha.ba.§ed7 .[de] : libbaka JCS 21 129:30.
aggu li-nu-[uh] OECT 6 pl. 24 K.3341 r. 6f. + pl. nig.gar.ra gar.gar.ra nig.bi(text .KI) gar.
18 K.4854:10f., and dupl. pl. 20 K.4812:17f.; gar.ra. a.ne : mu-ni-ih mimma sumSu mupadSih
dlugal.nam.en.na dugud.da kur.ra la.ba. mimma aum4u da ina SiptiSu mimma dumSu ipa:
an. gar : bennu miqtu 4a ana mati la i-nu-uh-hu
(see miqtu lex. section) CT 17 4 i 5ff., dupl. STT
Sahu who quiets everything, who appeases every-
thing, at whose spell everything quiets down
192:3f.; dug nu.mu.e.9i.ib.gam.e v-unt-na-al CT 16 6:230f.; balag nu.te.en.te.en : [ul]
Bird and Fish 35 (courtesy M. Civil); su 7 . du,.a.zu u-na-ah-i balaggu BA 5 667 No. 25:17f.; dInnin
u 4 .5.kam ha.ba.ne.ha : madkanka nadd UD.5. 6.hi.li.a.ta nam.a.a.ta nam.an.na ld.nu.
KAM li-nu-dh let your prepared threshing floor til.la.se : Itar 9a ina nu-uh-hi ulsi ullanud4a
rest for five days Farmer's Instructions iv 6 mamman la iba 4 Iitar, without whom no one
(courtesy M. Civil); e.zu ni.du.du hiu.[mu.ra. lives in relaxation or delight CT 17 22:155ff.
ab . b ] : bitka nu-u-hu [liqbika] CT 51 108 ii 7f. our-bu-bu = nu-[u]h-[h]u Malku III 46; UD-um
an de.gub.gub de.em.ma.en.hun.e : Anu nu-uh lib-bi = d-pat-tum ibid. 148.
lizzizkumma li-ni-ih-ka may Anu stand by you NE = na-a-h[u] (comm. on En. el. VII 128)
and quiet you SBH p. 133:4f., cf. an.ne.ki.a STC 2 59 r. ii 5; TI = na-a-hu (comm. on En. el.
d6.em.ma.e.hun.ga : fame u erpeti li-ni-ih-
hu-ka let heaven and earth appease you SBH p.
VII 11) ibid. 56:13; [TE na-a]-hu // TE pa-d-hu
CT 41 31 r. 24 (Alu Comm.); ra-ba-bu // nu-uh-hi
132:11f., also BA 5 647: 1f., Langdon BL No. 15 r. RA 13 137 r. 2; ina nassabu labbi li-nu-uh </> ina
7f., SBH p. 65 No. 35 r. 8; dEn.ki he.en.hun. nasabu libbi li-nu-uh JNES 33 337:16f. (med.
g& : Ea li-ni-ih-ki BA 10/1 81:lf.; [9ia.zu] bu. comm.).
lub.ha an de6.m.ma.hun.ga : [libba]ka galtu
tu-na-a-ha 5R 45 K.253 ii 40 (gramm.).
$am4 li-ni-ih-h[u] let the heavens appease your
fearful heart 4R 24 No. 3:24f., cf. STT 155:43f.; 1. (in the stative) to be slow, still - a) to
sa.kui.bi ga.an.iun : libbalu ellu lu-ni-ih let me
be slow: summa Sin ina aldkisu ni-ih if the
appease his pure heart 4R 21* No. 2:24f., of. Abel-
Winckler 59 BM 36041:13f. (hymn to Aamag), moon is slow in its course LBAT 1528:5, ACh
RAce. 71:9f.; [...] sa.zu.ta hun.gd ud.da Sin 3:45, also Thompson Rep. 144:7, 142 r. 2,
a.ra.da.an.gub : ana nu-uh libbika iimidam cf. the explanation KUR-. d ne-e sa alaksa la
izzazku daily he stands before you to calm your hantu that its (Venus') rising is slow means
heart 4R 17:17f.; sa.hun.ga.zu.se dim.me.
or.gal.gal.e.ne ni.bi in.tur.tur.ra : ana it does not move hastily (i.e., its velocity is
nu-uh libbika ilu rab'tuli-te-<nin>-nu-'-.-ka let the low) ACh Istar 7:40, cf. [summa kakkabu
great gods pray to you to calm your heart RAcc. isrurma sirihsu] ne-eh (followed by hamut)
109:5f., cf. 6.a u 4 a.ab.hun.e.da : ana bitiana K.2349 r. 11', restored from ACh Istar 29:12; (if
libbi ilmi nu-uh-hi SBH p. 124 No. 73:9f., cf.
the star of Marduk) ina asi u ni-ih ACh Adad
u4 ~,.ab hun.ga : ana libbi nu-uh-hi ibid. 11ff.,
of. i de.en.na.hun.e : ina nu-uh libbis4 17:6; summa ina aldkigu ne-eh if he walks
OECT 6 pl. 7 K.4648:7f.; g.ab.a.a.zu hun.ab slowly Kraus Texte 22 iv 25, also (beside hamuf)
: libbi abiki ni-ih-hi appease the heart of your 12e v 5, cf. summa ina dabdbigu n[e-eh]
father LKU 17 r. If.; dingir i.i.hun.gA a.a.bi ibid. 24:12, cf. also .umma ne-eh AfO 11 224:85
: ilu mu-ni-ih libbi abilu Gray Sama pi. 6 Sm.
690:5f., see Laessee Bit Rimki 53; tu.ra.a.ni (physiogn.).
lun.ga : mu-ni-ih murgi Craig ABRT 2 11 r. 12;
[a.a.tu.ud.d]a.zu sa.zu h6.en.un.g : [abu]
b) to be still: Jumma ipdasu i-[...]
dlidiki libbaki li-ni-[ih] let your father who begot gqtSiu ne-e-ha if his feet [...] (but) his hands
you appease your heart OECT 6 pi. 20 K.4962:11 f. are still Labat TDP 142 iv 17; Summa Ser'dn
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nhiu A 2a nfhu A 2a
Sepesu GrI-ku-ma Sa qateSu ne-e-hu if the seeing you En. el. II 101 and parallel; in
veins of his leg pulsate(?) and those of his personal names: Nu-uh-DINGIR MAD 3 189f.,
hands are still ibid. 144 iv 58, cf. ibid. 96:16 cf. Na-a-ilim, Na-hi-li The-Calming-Down-
and 20; summa dlittu paniidane-e-hu (oppo- of-the-God Stamm Namengebung 168f., 275;
site: ikkiru) if the face of an expectant Ne-ta-dIM YOS 13 274:1, 12 r. 14; Nu-hi-lum
mother is still ibid. 206:78. Frank Strassburger Keilschrifttexte 44:12 (Ur III);
Ma-ad-na-hu-um Gelb OAIC 33:57.
2. to relent, be appeased, to become peace-
ful, pacified (said of persons, peoples, coun- 2' with libbu, kabattu as subject: tertaka
tries), to abate, subside (said of storms, waves, lillikamma libbi li-nu- let your instructions
fire, fighting), to have an abatement from an come here so that I can be reassured (lit. my
illness, to die down (said of sounds), to rest heart can calm down) AAA 1 pl. 26 No. 13:10;
(said of inanimate objects) - a) to relent, kaspam zittam a bit abini talammadma libs
be appeased - 1' in gen. (referring to gods): baka u libbi i-nu-a-ah you will learn what the
ilam sullima ilum li-nu-uh pray to the god share of silver belonging to our firm is so that
(so that) the god may be appeased CT 29 you and I (lit. your heart and my heart) may
lb:21 (OB let.); i-nu-uh ipsah libbasa she be at ease ibid. pl. 19 No. 1 r. 7, cf. libbi n4-eh
(IHtar) calmed down, her heart was appeased TCL 19 14:6; kaspam 1 Biqlam ... sebilamma
RA 15 181 viii 23 (OB Agusaja); na-ha-am-ma li[bbi] awilim li-nu-th send (at least) one
ul ta-nu-uh(var. adds -ha) u ttamme ana shekel of silver so the principal can relax
libbika umma leqi etiti you did not calm CCT 4 18b:14, cf. amminim kaspam la taBak:
down at all, but said to yourself: They show kanamma libbi awile la i-nu-ah TCL 14 41:32
contempt Cagni Erra IV 112, cf. ultu DN (all OA); Bulumkunu upranimma libbi li-nu-
i-nu-hu irm subassu when Erra had been uh write (pl.) to me about your well-being so
appeased and taken his seat ibid. V 1; sa that I can rest easy TCL 1 23:18; belni
iziza li-nu-ha sa iguga lippasra let (the god) sulumsu lispuramma u libbani li-nu-uh our
who became angry with me relent, let him lord should write about his well-being so that
who became furious with me forgive me we may rest at ease ARM 10 93:22, also
BMS 7:27, 6:89 and dupl. STT 59 r. 17, ibid. 24:17, 97:31, 101:28, CRRA2 47:21, TIM 2
and passim; nu-hi marat Sin rimi subtukki 99:33; tenm awatim Seti supranimma libbi li-
calm down (Istar), daughter of Sin, settle in nu-uh send (pl.) me information about that
your dwelling place Craig ABRT 1 54 iv 17 (= matter so that I can relax Kraus AbB 1 29:18,
BA 5 565); nu-uh tisab Supsih ana bit terubu also OECT 3 67:28; annitka la annitka ula
damiqtasukun quiet down, sit down, compose taspuramma libbi ula i-nu-dh you did not
yourself, provide well-being for the house you write me whether this is the case or not,
have entered KAR 58:19; nu-u-hu l[igbika] therefore I could not rest easy OECT 3 67:21
let (Damkina) say to you: Calm down (all OB); aggu libbaka li-nu-ha-am-ma remu
Craig ABRT 1 31 r. 15; enna nu-ha-am-ma nizs risdnnima let your (Esarhaddon's) angry
ziza maharka quiet down now so that we may heart relent toward me and have mercy on
step before you Cagni Erra V 18; nu-uh bell me Borger Esarh. 103 i 24, cf. aggu libbi ul
seme amassu calm down, my lord, listen to i-nu-uh-ma remu ul arsiSuma ibid. 104 i 35,
his word Mayer Gebetsbeschworungen 527:7; agga libbalu i-nu-uh Gilg. VII iii 50, libbi
adi surrig nu-ha-am-ma nehi izizzamma ameli aggu i-na-ah the man's angry heart
relent toward me promptly (8amag), stand will calm down KAR 43 r. 24; amelu Sd
by me gently KAR 246:15 and dupls., of. Laes- libbadu ne-ek that man's heart will be calm
see Bit Rimki 60:66, cf. also nu-uh ana surri CT 38 29:43 (SB Alu); summa libba ni-ib
ZA 61 50:37 and 39; eplu pika izuza emdrukka (followed by lemun) Kraus Texte 9a:11, re-
ni-i-hu (vars. ni-i-hi, ni-ih-ha) having been stored from dupl. BRM 4 22:1; in transferred
angry at your words, he will relax when mng.: [l]a i-na-ak (var. aj i-nu-u4) libbasu
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nAhu A 2b nahu A 2c
miwa urra let his desire not abate night or b) to become peaceful, pacified (said of
day STT 280 ii 15 and dupl., see Biggs aziga persons, peoples, countries): adi nu-a-ah
p. 44; referring to gods: libbi ASsur aggu ul karim tib'ema atalkim as soon as the karu
i-nu-uh-Su-nu-ti A Aur's angry heart did not has calmed down, set out and come here
relent toward them Piepkorn Asb. 60 iv 69; KT Hahn No. 6:25 (OA); Madaja sa batter
aggu libbaka li-nu-ha let your angry heart batteni n-e--hu u anenu dullini neppaS the
calm down PBS 1/1 14:43 and dupls., see Lam- Medes around us are peaceful, and we
bert, JNES 33 276:42, also ibid. 282:150, BMS perform our duties ABL 128:6, also 713:5 (both
6:29, 21:68, 27:20, 28:12, KAR 23:28, cf. ezzu NA), cf. 1366: 10 (NB); muk urdani sa darri
li-nu-uh, libbuk Craig ABRT 1 31 r. 20, libbaki attunu ne-e-hu dullasunu eppusu I said to
li-nu-ha STC 2 pl. 79:51; [l]u ni-ih (var. them, "You are servants of the king" - (now)
x1jU.aA-ih) libbaki Mayer Gebetsbeschworungen they are at peace, they do their work ABL
458:11; li-nu-uh libbakama ris~si remu let 208 r. 7 (NA); mdtum [si] i-na-ah this land
your heart calm down and have mercy on him will become pacified ARM 1 43 r. 10', cf.
AfO 19 59:150 (prayer to Marduk), also BMS mdasu it-tu-u[h] ARM 2 39:44; uma massu
12:88, ZA 4 232 r. 15, AfO 19 55:1, 3, KAR 45:21, ni-ha-at (there was a great battle between
26, and passim in iuilla prayers; libbi beli rabi them) now his (the Urartian's) land is quiet
DN i-nu-uh-ma the heart of the great lord ABL 197:27, cf. the personal name Nu-hi-
Marduk calmed down Borger Esarh. 16 Ep. mdtu BE 14 7:6 (MB), KAJ 2:16f. (MA);
10:24, also ibid. 6, VAB 4 280 vii 38 (Nbn.); ultu summa ina asar A ni-ih as[bdk]u if I lived
libbasai-nu-u-hu when her heart had calmed where(?) the house is quiet EA 62:17; [...]
down CT 15 46 r. 16 (Descent ofIstar); it-tu-u[h] i-na-ah&-ma (in broken context)KBo 1 1 r. 6
libbaSu EA 356:56 (Adapa); libbi ill rabiti (treaty); LIu Akkadaja iptalhu libbu nussas=
beleja ul i-nu-u4 the hearts of the great gods, kinSunu it-tu-hu the inhabitants of Akkad
my lords, did not calm down Bauer Asb. 87 were terrified, (but) we encouraged them,
edge B; in personal names: Li-nu-uh-lib-bi- (and) they calmed down ABL 437 r. 8, see
DINGIR.MES PBS 2/1 69:9, Camb. 402:4, TuM Parpola LAS No. 280; bell lu la i-nu-ah lu la
2-3 214:1 and 24, and passim in NB; Nu-uh-li- usarbab ABL 1127:6 (both NA).
ib-bi-DINGIR.ME§ BE 8 125:2 (NB); taSti me
... li-nu-uh kabt[at]ka you have drunk c) to abate, subside (said of storms, waves,
water, let your heart calm down KAR 58 fire, fighting): i-nu-uh tamtu usharrirma
r. 27; note with karu: [...] la na-hat imhullu abubu ikla the sea subsided, the
karassu his (AnSar's) mind was not at rest destructive storm calmed, the flood ceased
En. el. II 51. Gilg. XI 131; nu-ub Girraqurddu ittika li-nu-
hu lade nardtu ittika li-nu-ha Idiglat u Purattu
3' with anger as subject: ultu uzzasu ittika li-nu-uh tamtu rapasti subside, fierce
i-nu-hu [ip]abhu kabattus after his anger had Fire god, let the mountains and the rivers
calmed down, his heart had become quiet Ebe- subside together with you, let the Tigris and
ling Parfimrez. pl. 26:7, also En. el. II 7, cf. [... ] Euphrates subside together with you, let the
uzzaSu i-nu-uh Gilg. VII iii 51; i-nu-uh-ma vast sea subside together with you urpu
uzzau §a ar ill the anger of the king of the V-VI 187ff.; kima me jarhi lu ni-ha-a-ta be as
gods abated VAB 4 270 i 28 (Nbn.), also Streck still as water in a pool Craig ABRT 2 8 iv 7 (inc.
Asb. 182:40; supeja ismd imguru qibitu to quiet a baby); libli Girra li-nu-uh qablu
uggati libbiSu i-nu-uh-ma (as for Sin, who) let the fire be extinguished, let the battle
had heard my prayers and accepted my vow, abate CT 23 11:33 (inc.); Summa iddtu ina
the anger of his heart relented AnSt 8 46 i 37 nignakki ill ne-he-et if the fire in a censer for
(Nbn.); uzzi ili i-na-ab-ka the anger of the the gods is banked CT 40 44 K.3821:3, cf.
god will calm down for you K6cher BAM 318 dumma IZI.GAR ... ne-e-eh CT 39 34:20, 32,
iv 7, and see mng. 4a. 37:10; umma ina bit amli mimma kma
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nahu A 2d nihu A 3
CT 38 29:59 (SB Alu); kima
is~ti qaliti ne-eh 180:26, also 218:16; Summa ... zu'tu imqus:
KI.NE anndtu it-tu-hu as soon as these suma ina-ah if when sweat comes upon him
braziers are banked Or. NS 36 287:5, 294:14 he is relieved Labat TDP 154 r. 16, cf. i-na-ah
(namburbi); kima SAR it-tu-hu as soon as AMT 1,2:10; sum'oa ... zma u miusa la
the fumigant (in the censer) has begun to i-na-a-ah if he does not find relief day or
burn more slowly ibid. 34: 11 (namburbi), also night AMT 88,4 r. 5.
BMS 12:96, KAR 26 r. 35, BBR 58:9, RA 18 22
e) to die down (said of sounds), to rest
i 8, AMT 7,8:13', see Caplice, Or. NS 36 37.
(said of inanimate objects): ul i-na-hi (var.
4-ni-ih) girrdnu the wailing does not subside
d) to have an abatement from an illness, Cagni Erra IV 63 var.; summa dlu rigimsu
to find relief: [as]sum PN sa marsumssu kajamdna ne-e-eh if the noise in a city is
tezibusu PN it-tu-uh as for PN, whom you normally low CT 38 1:13, cf. Adad rigimsu
left ill, PN has had an abatement JCS 11 109
ni-ih ACh Adad 17:7; i-nu-hu ulmesun
CUA 7:16 (OB let.), cf. imrasma it-tu-[uh] Stud-
seliti their sharpened spears rested Streck
ies Landsberger 192:67 (Shemshara let.); ianna
Asb. 260 ii 17; summa bitu sikinsu ne-e-eh
ina nasmatti u masqiti it-tu-uh now she (the
CT 38 14:2, also (with tardnfu) ibid. 20; summa
king's daughter who had a fever) has had an alu subassu ne-he-e-[et] CT 38 1:7 (all SB Alu);
abatement through (the use of) bandages and
kima awatum ni-he-et ARM 4 26:32; sep iii
potions PBS 1/2 72:28 (MB lot.), cf. [kima]
ta-at-tu-ah taba adannis ana ele ina pan Sarri
marsu it-tu-hu Or. NS 30 4:17 (SB lit.); ina
belija the sign (lit. foot) of the god has be-
qanni sa LU.TUR i-nu-hu-u-ni ina muhi mar
come inoperative, it is very favorable to go
ahisu da PN issakanuit-tu-a-ha [inaq]anni mar into the presence of the king, my lord ABL
abiisu 8a PN i-nu-hu-u-ni [ina m]uhhi LU.SIPA 652:15, see Parpola LAS No. 145; un-[di] rgeti
... issakanu it-tu-ah-ma as soon as the baby UD-mnu-si,-nu i-nu-hu (as for) the undi disease,
(with epilepsy) had quieted down, they put for the rest of its course it will quiet down
(the poultice) on PN's nephew, he became ABL 110 r. 3, see Parpola LAS No. 255; if he
quiet, as soon as PN's nephew had quieted drinks beer but ina libbiSu la ina-ah it(?) does
down, they put the (poultice) on .... , and
not stay(?) in him AMT 48,2:11; iz-qi-ut = sa
he quieted down, too ABL 1289:6ff., see Par-
SiG-su ne-e-eh (see zaqdtu lex. section) CT 41
pola LAS No. 239; adi mdrusu i-nu-hu UD.10.
26:27 (Alu Comm.); kima sadd ina kibriti i-nu-
KAM usibma marusu i-nu-uh-ma ... panam
uh-hu just as the mountain relents(?) by
i.skun he stayed there for ten days until his (magic using) sulphur Maqlu III 83, cf. sadi
son had an abatement, and when his son had
li-nu-uh-ma (in broken context) Cagni Erra
the abatement he decided (to go on to IIe 6.
GN) ARM 2 129:9; kajdna adi i-nu-uh-hu
taptanadsassunma iballut you keep putting 3. to take a rest: sdbum ... ina l.HI.A-U-
the salve on him until he has a respite, and nu i-nu-uh-hu-ma ipahhurunim the troops
he will recover K6cher BAM 398 r. 26, also will rest in their homes (for two or three days)
ibid. 159 vi 53, cf. UET 4 178:9, AMT 55,1 r. 6; and then assemble ARM 1 5:38, cf. UD. 1. KAM
Serra tapaMasma ina-ah you put the salve UD.2.KAM ina GN sdbum li-nu-uh-ma ARM 1
on the child, and he will have an abatement 39 r. 11'; UD.2.KAM ina Mari i-nu-hu-ma
AMT 96,2:8, restored from join K.9171 (courtesy atarradassunuti (the messengers) will rest in
W. G. Lambert); mimma mala laptusu taltaps Mari for two days, and then I will send them
patmna i-na-a-ah you daub (with the magic on ARM 5 26:17; attunu ... la ta-nu-ha la
preparation) every (part of his body) that is tasallala may you not rest, may you not sleep
affected, and he will find relief AMT 102:6, Wiseman Treaties 639; urrid lu supuhdt miSiS
cf., wr. ina-ah ibid. 19, 104:37; summa amlu lu [n]i-he-et (var. salldt) be quiet during the
umma mdda iraisma la i-na-ah if a man has day, be at rest (var. sleep) at night En. el.
a high fever and finds no relief Labat TDP I 50; qiilu lidakinma [ra]p(?)-di lu ni-he-et
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nahu A 4a nahu A 5a
(var. i nislal nini) ibid. 40; ultu ... qerbiS b) with libbu, kabattu as object: mu-ne-eh
kummilu supsuhis i-nu-uh(var. -uh)-hu after libbi Adad (Hammurapi) who appeases the
he had rested in quiet within his bedchamber heart of Adad CH iii 58, cf. jati Assur-ban-
En. el. I 75; i-nu-uh-ma belu alamtas ibarri apli ... mu-ni-ih libbi ill OECT 6 pl. 11 K.1290
the lord (Marduk) rested to look at her r. 12, of. also Borger Esarh. 105 ii 37, (said of
(Tiamat's) corpse En. el. IV 135; ajaka i-nu- Sin) Perry Sin No. 6:6; ultu epseti anndti
hu where will they rest? ABL 1210:12 (NA); eteppusu 4-ni-ih-hu libbi ili rabuti after I had
iimakkal emarum li-nu-th-ma let the donkey done these deeds and appeased the hearts of
rest for one day JCS 14 5 S.560:30 (OA); the great gods Streck Asb. 38 iv 78; ana nu-
ANSE.MES ... i-nu-hu-4-ma eleqqma the uh-hi libbi ASsur belija OlP 2 138:44, also
donkeys will rest, and then I will take (them) 149:12 (Senn.), cf. ana nu-uh-hu libbi ilija u
PBS 1/2 51:11 (MB let.); assum id sarri belija istarija AnSt 846:21 (Nbn.), ana nu-uh-hu(var.
dannati // nu-uh-ti // ba-ti-i-ti because of the -hi) libbi ilitisunu Borger Esarh. 74:12, also
strong arm of the king, my lord, I am at ibid. 16 Ep. 11:20, JCS 17 129:6 (Esarh.),
rest, (gloss) .... EA 147:56; ja qerbil tidmat Streck Asb. 366:14 (colophon, = Hunger Kolo-
itebbiru la na-hi-is En. el. VII 128, in spite phone No. 328), 190:20; anasutub libbi Assur u
of the comm. NE = na-a-hu cited in lex. nu-uh-hi kabatti Marduk to please the heart
section, may have to be taken as a contraction of Absur and to placate Marduk Streck Asb.
for la andhis, see andhu A v. discussion 190:17; il s a same u erseti libbaki li-ni-ih-
section. h[u] may the gods of heaven and earth
appease your heart KAR 29 r.(!) 5; libbi
4. nuhhu to appease (an angry god or kaskassi ... kima me buri elluti u-ni-ih he
demon), to calm furor - a) in gen.: ilidunu quieted the heart of the overpowering one as
zendti igtaratisunusabsati 4-ni-ih I appeased pure water from a well (does) ZA 43 17:57
their angry gods and their raging goddesses (SB lit.); note the geogr. name unu Lilbur-
Streck Asb. 40 iv 89; sa ... Isum malikgu mu-ni-ih-libbi-ASsur Borger Esarh. 107 iv 31.
4-ni-hu-ju-ma izibu rehdnis that IHum, his
counselor, appeased him so that he left a c) referring to a ritual performed: sirqia
remnant (of mankind) Cagni Erra V 41, cf. libbaka li-ni-[h]u let my incense offering
appease your heart JRAS Cent. Supp. pl. 3
li-ni-ih-ka KAR 128 r. 29, and passim in this
text (Sum. broken); UD.23.KAM. tdhazu sAi r. 8; 1 SILA GESTIN.UD.A E.KUR ana nu-uh
4-zu-u-sii4i-ni-ih on the 23rd day, this fight lib-bi ili TuM 2-3 200:5 (NB); x A.SA illak
calmed his anger LKA 73:10; z-ni-ih uggassu DN u-na-ah-hu he walks a distance of x,
I appeased his (AAsur's) anger Borger Esarh. appeases Marduk (by offering two sheep)
5 vii 16; ana bit iii terrubma uzzi iii tu-na- ZA 50 194:21, also 26 (MA rit.).
ah-ma you enter the temple and appease the d) in transferred mng.: ana uzzi me dan;
god's anger Kocher BAM 318 iii 39; KA.INIM. nite nu-uh-hi to make the fury of the raging
MA uzzi nu-uh-hi incantation to calm anger water subside AOB 1 82:10 (Adn. I); tibu la
KAR 71:11, ef. [uz]zi iii ana ameli nu-uh-hi nu-u[h-h]u AfO 6 80 i 4 (Assur-bel-kala);
Kocher BAM 318 iv 4, cf. also uzzi iii ana nu- obscure: A.ZI.GA.DIL.DIL sa KUR a-na-hu //
uh-hi ibid. iii 40; da la Ea mannu u-na-ah-ka MIN MIN KUR u-ka-as-su-[u ... ] [there will
. Ea li-ni-ih-ka (var. H~IN.GA-ka) who be] floods that .... the land, variant: ditto
besides Ea can appease you? let Ea appease that bind(?) (or: cover) the land CT 41 5
you (demon) AMT 97,1:10 and 12, see TuL p.
K.3701+ r. 30 (SB Alu).
143, also Kocher BAM 221 iii 26, 28, var. from
AMT 86,1 iii 7, 9, cf. Maqlu V 141 and 143, 5. nuhbu to pacify (a country, a people),
also (incipit cited) AMT 14,3: 16, 88,2 r. 11; adH to quiet a child, to calm down - a) to pacify
li-ni-ih-ku-nu-si Maqlu V 158, cf. [li]-ni-ih- a country, a people: mat GN kalasa ut-te-eh
ku-nu-[ti/si] AfO 19 117:14. ... ana pim iten udtesibsi I have pacified
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nAhu A 5b nahu A 7a
the whole country of GN and made it obey ah-~s-nu-ti as soon as they (the figurines)
one command ARM 1 5:34, cf. ana ... mdti have been fired, you quench them with water
nu-uh-hi-im ARM 2 39:51, libbi matim ut-ti- AfO 18 297:10; akkannu sa ana rakdbi tebu
[i]h ARM 4 57:12; kima ... awil mare dlim mannu U-ni-ih-ka wild ass who had an erec-
sdti ... tu-ni-ih-hu-su-nu-ti-ma ... taspuram tion for mating, who has cooled your ardor?
you wrote me that you pacified the people of Biggs Saziga 17:12, cf. mu-ni-ih e tar[si(?)]
that city and (set them free) ARM 1 10:7; ibid. 22:10.
[awili] sunuti 1.AM 2.AM ana libbi mntim
b) to stanch, still: summa erset mdti dama
assabassuniiti libbasunu -na-ah-ma I took
ihilma damuiu la nu-uh-hu-ma [...] if the
these men to the interior of my country once
ground of the land oozes blood and its blood
or twice, I will pacify them (and return them
cannot be stanched CT 39 13 K.2922+ :7, cf.
to you) ARM 2 72:27; Gula aksuitija tu-ni-ih-
damuSu nu-uh ibid. 12; 1P imhur-lim li-ni-
ma tusaknis you, Gula, pacified those unsub-
ib(?) da-me Speleers Recueil 312:9.
missive to me and made (them) submit
K.9155:16 (courtesy W. G. Lambert). c) to allay a pain, an illness: a disease
sa ... asm qerebsu la ilammadu ina simdi la
b) to quiet a child, to calm a person down:
u-na-ah-hu-,u that no physician can diagnose,
li-ni-ih-ka ittu tabtu may sweet sleep quiet
nor allay with bandages CH xliv 62; ellu
you Craig ABRT 2 8 iv 2 (inc. to quiet a baby), cf.
riksu simma i-na-ah (my) pure bandage will
LU.TUR THUN.GA KAR 44:15; (if a woman
alleviate the (pains of the) wound Or. NS 36
aborts(?) regularly) ana sinnisti nu-uh-hi
120:84 (SB hymn to Gula), cf. mursu ...
to make the woman relax Kocher BAM 240:71;
[ . . ]-a-tum Ninkarrak u-na-ah-hu PSBA 16
in personal names: Itti-Nabd-nu-uh-hu It-
275 K.8214: 17; anatib pitinu-uh-hi to assuage
Is-in-Nabu's-Power-to-Appease Dar. 27:14,
the throbbing in the forehead Kocher BAM
also Strassmaier Liverpool 25:16, 25 (NB).
9:40, 61, also ibid. 11:19, CT 23 41 ii 4, RA 53 4: 14,
6. nuhhu to bank, extinguish a fire, to cf. ana [nu-uh]-hi sa ser'dne (ofthe forehead)
dampen a desire, to stanch, still, to allay (a CT 23 42:10, cf. (in broken context) AMT 18,10:6.
pain, an illness), to loosen (a curtain) - a) to
d) to loosen (a curtain): me tanassima
bank, extinguish a fire, to dampen a desire:
TUG sid-du tu-na-ah RAcc. 40:13, 34:14, of.
kinuln appuhu i-na-ah I bank the brazier
32: 24, wr. tu-na-hi ibid. 22 r. 4.
which I lit Surpu V-VI 176, also 179, cf. kinin
appuhu -ni-ih JNES 15 138:114, also 117 7. nuhhu to satisfy, to put (someone's
(liplur-lit.); dipdrasunu ina me -n[a-a]h he mind) at rest - a) in gen.: kima tanattalu
extinguishes their torch in the water BRM 4 ne-eh-Ju put him at ease in whatever way
50:20, cf. ina me tu-na-ah you extinguish seems best to you VAS 16 139:24, cf. ina awaf
with water Maqlu IX 86, 88; dsipu ina me tim ne-eh-,u Sumer 23 162:39; lu Se'am lu
agubb sikari resti sizbi kardni u samni kaspam Siibilamma awiltam lu-ni-ih-hi send
gizilld 4-na-<(AN>-ah the conjurer extinguish- me either barley or silver so that I can put
es the torch with water from the holy-water the lady's mind at rest Kraus AbB 1 138:39;
basin, fine beer, milk, wine, and oil RAcc. annetim dububum ni-ih-Su-ma ina GN sukuns
120:20; qilutu ina A tu-na-[ah] LKA 20:32; su tell him this, reassure him, and install him
summa isdtu a ... nu-uh-hu innapih if a in GN ARM 1 18:32; sdpiri li-ne-eh-ha-as-Su-
banked fire flares up again CT 40 44 K.3821:5 ma arhis litrudassu my commander should
(SB Alu); kussumma limhurki halpi li-ni-ih- mollify him and send him to me quickly
ki may cold confront you (fire), may frost TLB 4 54:32, cf. ina girseqgja da ana srika
extinguish you AfO 23 41:22 (fire inc.); epsu illakam [n]d-eh-Ju-ma ana srija terrasu
pikunu Girra li-ni-ih-ha may your word ARM 4 67:16, of. also VAS 16 105:22; itu
extinguish the fire En. el. I 161 and parallel inanna warah lu-ne-ef-ha-aA-su-nu-ti-ma ...
lII 51; note: kima ibtaslu ina libbi me tu-na- lulri[aSmunUt]i TIM 2 19:33; umma PN
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nAhu B na'iru
iSassiakki ne-hi-i-Su umma attima if PN nAhu B v.; (mng. unkn.); SB*; I indh.
makes a claim against you, mollify him, UD.30.KAM SE NU (la ussi or la uSessi)
saying VAS 16 68:7 (all OB); note the personal 6E la i-na-ah qaritu idarrur on the thirtieth
name: I-aa-as-si-ne-ha-u When-He-Cries- (of Du'uzu) he must not .... (for) the barley,
Pacify-Him BE 14 168:35 (MB); adi 30 4-ni- he must not .... the barley, (or) the granary
ih-Su CCT 3 38:30 (OA); Seunu 1 siLA la illaps will .... KAR 178 vi 67 (hemer.), also (the
pat annikiam ekallam u-ni-ih-u-4 not one fourth and sixth of Ajaru), wr. ina-ah
sila of their barley shall be touched, they have ibid. iv 48 and 55.
satisfied the palace here TCL 7 63:12 (OB),
cf. ekallam nu-ni-ih-ma VAT 6209:7, cited
HUCA 27 70 n. 301 (coll. from photo). MU fE
The entry corresponds to SE NA.AN.SUM.
isarrur "he must not sell barley, (or)
the barley will .... ," attested for the same
b) with libbu as object: inanna libbaSu day (thirtieth of Du'uzu) in 5R 48 iv end.
ut-te-eh (opposite: libbaka usa[mris] line 23) nahurutu see nuhurtu A.
now I have soothed him (lit. his heart)
ARM 10 156:29; temka gamram Supram libbi na'idu see na'du B adj.
ummika ne-[eh] send a complete report
na'ikanu s.; person who has had inter-
about yourself and reassure your mother
course; MA*; cf. ndku.
TCL 18 148:16; istu allikam ul tapuramma
u libbi ul tu-ni-ih since I arrived here you na-i-ka-a-nau mummerta idukku they will
have not written to me and (so) have not put to death the man who had intercourse
set my mind at ease ARM 6 56:8; if my (with the wife) and the procuress KAV 1 iii
lord wants to send them back literaddunitima 39, also ibid. 35 (Ass. Code § 23); LIT na-i-ka-
libbasunu lu-ne-eh ARMT 13 24 r. 11', cf. a-nu zaku ibid. ii 38 (§ 14); na-i-ka-an-Sa
asSum SAL dti l[ibbaki] ni-ih-hi-ma ARM 10 ihhassi the one who has had intercourse with
139:18. her must marry her ibid. viii 36 (§ 54), and
passim in §§ 14, 23, and 55.
8. nuhiu to exempt (Mari): kima LT.MES
tappidu ina esedim z-ne-eh mimma sabum §4 na'ilu s.; (a watercourse); OB(?), SB; cf.
ul i id I have exempted (the men from na'dlu.
Babylon) from harvest work in the same [n]a-'i-lu (var. na-[i]lu) = il-l[u], hi-ri-tum,
way as their colleagues, these men did not har-ru, is-su-u Malku II 63ff.
harvest anything ARM 14 70 r. 16, also 71 r. 3. liklakuni i na-'-i-lu sa erseti rabiti let the
river of the nether world hold you back
9. III to appease: umun sa.zu ma.da
AfO 19 117:32 (SB inc.); obscure: ina simdn
nu.mu.un.da.gal e.ne im.da.hun.ga :
na-i-la-[t]e at the time of the .... -s Ebeling
ball a libbaka [la t]ept&ina mti ua-ni-ib-ha /]
Wagenpferde 33 O r. 7, M 4; su-i-um-Su-nu-Si-
Ad ma-ti-ma [... ] ina minim i-nu-uh-ha SBH
im a-na na-i-il ka-a[q-qd-ri(?)] PBS 1/1 2:29
p. 77 No. 44:10ff.; uncert.: [aSSum(?) l]ibbi
(OB lit.).
mdtim ua(?)-na(?)-ah-hu ARM 4 26:40; [mu]A-
te-ni-ib uzzi ili u i[tari?] who appeases the For HBA 87:21 (KAV 218 A iii 21) see ndlu v.
anger of god and goddess (see anagu A Lambert BWL 292.
discussion section) BMS 33:3, see Ebeling Hand-
na'iru (ne'iru, na'eru, ndtiru) adj.;
erhebung 124.
raging, roaring, howling; OB, SB; cf. na'aru.
10. IV to find relief: umma la in-na-a-ak sag.ki.gid - na.'i-rum (or na-'a-rum) 5R 16
if he (the sick person) does not find relief ii 42 (group voc.); [...] - [na(?)]-e-ru-um (in
group with Samru, labbu) CT 19 2 K.4256 r. iii 16
(you apply another medication) CT 44 36:14. (Erimhug b).
For VAT 9712 ii 10 (Idu II 205) see nasahu. SiR.BUV.gi mulen - na-'-i-ru Hh. XVIII 339;
For TU (- TCL 6) 1:25 see adabu mng. le-18'. A.S.gu.la mulen - na-'-i-ru ibid. 193, of.
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na'iru najabtu
[AI].u = na-ad-ru, [A.u9].gu.la = ni-i-ru Hh. najabtu s.; floating rib or cartilage at the
XIV 137c-d; A.us.musen, NAM.zi.mugen, ugu. tip of the rib; SB; pl. najabatu.
du.mugen = na-hi-ru MUEN Nabnitu A 157ff.
[... ka.duh].a e.ga nu.un.zu : [...] [uzu.x.x] = na-a-a-bat = a-bul-lum, [uzu.x].
na-'-i-ri 4a magari la idi roaring [...] who does x. g = (blank) = MIN Hg. B IV 37, also Hg. D i 40,
not know mercy CT 16 25 i 50f.; mul.UD.ka. in MSL 9 35 and 37.
duh.a = UD-mu na-'i-ri 5R 46 No. 1 r. 43 (astrol.
comm.). Summa GIS na-a-a-bat balqa ana panika
sikkat sli sd IGI SAG mi-ni d KAK.TI na-a-a-
ka-duh-hu-u, na-'-i-ru (var. na-'i-ru) = de-gu-u
Malku I 77-77a. bat naspadu MU.NI TA na-a-a-bat tamannima
a) said of lions: kima nesimma na-hi-ri-im ina 6.TA.AM KAK.TI sa imitti u Sumeli SID.MES
tabasi you become like a raging lion AfO 13 46 ikkallima TA pan SID.MEa ana pan GI.KUN
v 2 (OB lit.); er mahir ukultam kima nesim 6.TA.AM KAK.TI Sa imitti u Sumeli tamannma
na-e-ri emiiam isu the eagle took in food, he [G]Is na-a-a-bat halqu Sanis na-a-a-bathalqu
gained strength like a raging lion Bab. 12 taqabbi if you have in front of you (in the
pl. 12 vi 3 (OB Etana); ina pi labbi na-'i-ri compendia, the protasis) "the n.-s are
(vars. [n]a-a-i-ri,labbi u na-'i-[ri]) ul ikkimu missing," (and you ask?) "What is the rib
Salamtu one cannot take the carcass from which is toward the front(?)" - the name
the mouth of a roaring lion Cagni Erra V 11; of the rib is n. (or?) naspadu, you count from
12 urmahhe ni-'-ru-ti ... abni I fashioned the n., if at the sixth rib on the right and left
twelve lion-colossi (depicted as) raging OIP 2 they are held fast at the vertebrae (or: the
122:27, also 109 vii 10 (Senn.). vertebrae are held fast), then if you count
from the vertebrae toward the sacrum (or:
b) said of birds: [kima a]ri na-e-ri tail) (only) six ribs each on the right and left,
[ihadd]ud SBru the wind sounds like a you may say that the GIS n. are missing, or
howling vulture Lambert-Millard Atra-hasis that the n.-s are missing K.8279 iii 6ff., restored
94 iii 16, see von Soden, Or. NS 38 431; for n. as from dupl. K.3978+ ii 23ff., also (referring to
name of a bird see Hh., in lex. section. the protases Summa SID.MES nahsu, summa
c) in substantival use, referring to animal KAK.TI Sa imitti u sumeli 1.TA.AM balqa in the
or demon figures: <sa> di'u saknus na-'-i-ri sequel, also to Summa baliqti SID.MES sa imitti
tuStessi you remove the raging (demon) from u Sumeli anapanika) K.3978+ ii 21 and parallel
the one who is beset by di'u disease KAR 321 CT 31 44 obv.(!) ii 11f.; summa na-a-a-bat
r. 4; urmahhe anze na-'-i-ri lahme kuribi sa halqa kunukkii nanmuru if the n.-s are
kaspi u eri (I set into the gates of the IHtar- missing (but) the vertebrae are visible
temple) lion-colossi, Anzd birds, n.-s, lahmu TCL 6 5:35, also CT 31 9 Rm. 2,217:12, CT 30 11
monsters, and kuribu genii made of silver and K.6785:5 (all ext.); Summa na-a-a-bat sumeli
bronze Borger Esarh. 33 § 21:10; 2 na-'-i-ri 2-ta if the left n. is double PRT 139:11; Summa
kaspi 2 UD-gal-li kaspi two n.-s of silver, na-a-a-batimitti (also: Sumeli) hal-qat A 3443
two lion-monsters of silver KAV 74:10; see r. 12f., also (with .atqat) ibid. 10f., (GAM-at) ibid.
also 5R 46, in lex. section. 16f., (adi 2 GaA-at) ibid. 18f., (lard TUxK-i) ibid.
d) as epithet of warrior gods: ezzu na-'-i- 8f., cf. Summa na-a-a-batimitti u Sumeli DIB.
ru Sdti anantu (Ninurta) raging, roaring, DIB-i ibid. 7; Summa na-a-a-b[at ... ] CT 31
45 Sm. 236 r. 1-4; dumma na-a-a-ba-atMUTEN
who .... the battle Or. NS 36 122:111, cf.
Lugalbanda ezzu na-'-i-ru sadi (var. na-'-ir Sa [imitti] DUGUD if the n.-s on the right side
Sadi) rdhis tamti ibid. 124:149, dannu dan: of the "bird" are heavy Labat Suse 7:15,
also 16.
niitu na-'i-ir na-'i-ru DN strongest among
the strong, most thundering among the Since the sheep normally has 13 pairs of
thunderers, Lugalbanda ibid. 126:177 (SB ribs (six attached to the sternum, seven
hymn to Gula). floating), which is stated as dumma 13.TA.AM
Borger Esarh. 33. mindt KAK.TI Sa imitti u Sumeli kajamdntu
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najadu najalu
K.3978 ii 22 and dupl. K.8279 iii 4f. immediately stags ARMT 13 55:6, cf. ibid. 16; turdhi na-
preceding the cited description, "counting six a-li.ME§ IA-e-li.MES ina sadirate utemmeh he
from the najabtu" refers either to counting drove(?) ibex, roe deer, and stag into roped-off
from the last floating rib forward or to areas AKA 141 iv 19, also ibid. 89 vii 5 (Tigl. I);
counting along the sternum, in which case summa lahru DARA.MA§.DA ulid if a ewe gives
najabtu would designate the cartilage at the birth to a roe deer Leichty Izbu V 99.
end of the ribs; the second counting of six Landsberger Fauna 99.
would in either case be along the vertebrae
from the vertebra connected to the sixth, najlu adj.; reclining; SB; cf. nalu v.
attached, rib. [lh.na.na.a] = na-a-a-lum OB Lu A 161.
It is uncertain whether the sign GI before
kima me jarhi lu nehdta kima re'i alpi
najabatu stands as a sort of determinative,
na-a-a-li lu tam-qu-tak-ka rfit-tul be as still
parallel to GIS.KuN (instead of KUN = zibbatu),
as water in a pond, may sleep befall you as (it
or whether it should be read as itiq (naja:
does) a reclining oxherd Craig ABRT 2 8 iv 8
bati).
(inc. to quiet a baby, coll. W. G. Lambert).
najadu (or ndjidu, najudu) adj.; careful(?); The passage altapil ina sabi ak-ta-GAM
SB*; cf. na'adu A. na-a-a-al PSBA 17 138 K.8204: 11 (the first
[n]a-a-a-du ibri sa taqb4 idirtum my and last signs of each line are identical)
careful(?) friend, what you say is gloomy remains obscure.
Lambert BWL 70:12 (Theodicy).
najilu s.; (tenant with a particular status);
najaktu adj. fern.; sexually promiscuous; RS, MA, NA, NB; pl. najaliitu,najaldni.
SB; cf. naku. a) in RS: A.SA.II.A Sa iPN LU na-ia-li sa
[SAL ... ] = na-a-a-ak-t[u] Lu III ii 28ff.; inaA.SA.HI.A DN the fields of fPN, a n., which
[KAR.KID] = [wa]-pi-tum, [na]-a-a-ak-tum, [ha]-ri- belong to the fields of IMtar (in otherwise
im-tum 2N-T26:8ff. (OB lex.).
broken context) MRS 12 No. 55:6, also (bro-
assassu na-a-a-kat his wife is having inter- ken) ibid. 28:5; istu umi annim RN ittai
course all the time (or: with everybody) bitasu eqeldu gabbamimmisu Sa PN Lt na-ia-li
CT 38 50:52 (SB Alu), also Kraus Texte lle vi 3', ina GN ... u iddinsu ana PN2 from this day
lib viii 10. on, RN took away the house and field and
all the property of PN, the n., in GN and
najali§ see nSlid.
gave it to PN 2 MRS 6 48 RS 16.248:5, 53 RS
najalu (ndlu) s.; roe deer; Mari, SB; wr. 15.89:7, 60 RS 16.141:6, also 67 RS 16.262:7,
syll. and DARA.MA§.DA; cf. nali4. 123 RS 15.145:7, and passim in these texts, see
dAra.ma9. [dA] = na-a-lu Practical Vocabulary
MRS 6 234; istu imi annim ... PN rabis GN
Assur 358; dara.maL.da, dhra.hal.bal.la = ittasi bita A.A.ME gabba mimmilina sa
na-a-a-lu Hh. XIV 149f.; dara.bal.hal.la = mdrat PN2 u sa mdrat PN3 LU na-ia-lu-ti u
na-a-lu = Mi (= a-[a-lu]) Hg. A II 261, in MSL ittadinsu ana PN4 effective this day, PN, the
8/2 44; [ku9].dara.mag.da, [kul].dara.hal.
rdbisu of GN, took away house and fields and
l al.la =- Mi (= [ma-4ak]) na-a-a-lu Hh. XI 37f.
na-a-lu = a-a-lu Malku V 55; na-a-a-lim // all the property of the daughter of PN2 and
na-a-a-lum // a-a-lu Hunger Uruk 83:13. of the daughter of PN3, the (two) n.-s, and
12 GUD.I.A 4 na-lu 1 a-su-um twelve gave them to PN4 Ugaritica 5 13 No. 9:6.
oxen, four roe deer, one bear ARM 7 91:1, b) in MA, NA: anniu la LU.PAP-u-ni 6u
also 2 na-lu ibid. 4, ibid. 277 iv 2; asum enit na-a-a-lu 4 ina bit PN etarba this man is
kanni qaqqaddt neAim qarndt na-li u ajali not our brother, he is a n., he entered PN's
darrum uwa'eranni the king has given me house KAV 197:59 (NA), see Postgate Taxation
orders about the ornaments of the potstands, 366; tuppi 1 JuGi GAN A.SA ... Ja PN LI
(that is) heads of lions, horns of deer and na-ia-a-li sa RN ana PN, [id]dinuni tablet
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najaru nakadu
about sixty iku of land (etc.) belonging to 1. to beat, throb, palpitate (said of the
PN, a n., which Eriba-Adad had given to PN2 heart) - a) in gen.: ilput libbaSuma ul i-nak-
KAJ 160:7, cf. PN [L]u na-ia-a-li KAJ 162:4; ku-[ud] he touched his heart and (felt that)
A.SA [...] sa PN L na-a-a-li RN ana PN2 it was not beating Gilg. VIII ii 16.
ittidin Agur-uballit has given the field [...]
b) as idiomatic expression for worry: ana
of PN, the n., to PN2 KAV 212:5 (all MA);
temr teSme u libbaki ik-ku-du taspurim ...
PN ... bit abija ana LV na-a-a-l[u i]nandin u
mimma libbaki la i-na-ak-ku-ud you wrote
nikkassija gabbi ana paniu utaru PN will
to me about the news you heard and on
give my father's house to a n. and will turn
account of which your heart was pounding,
all my possessions over to him 83-1-18,132:9;
your heart need not pound at all Kraus
PN ... bit AD(?)-id ana Lt na-a-a-lu ittadin
AbB 1 22:8, 12 (OB let.); nasrdnu ... libbi
u ahhea ultu bitisu[nu] ultesi 81-2-4,91:8, see
sarri la i-na-ak-ku-ud we are on guard, the
Dietrich, WO 4 220f. (both NB letters).
king need not worry KBo 1 11:27 (Urgu story),
c) in geogr. names: 1 UDU.NITA sa PN see ZA 44 124; alidk mdr iprija ... ismema
LI.NAM na-a-a-la-ni ADD 890:10, cf. LU.EN. ik-ku-ud libbasu he heard of the arrival of
NAM sa i-na-a-a-la-ni ABL 220:9, L1.NAM my messenger, and his heart started pounding
na-a-a-li (in broken context) ADD 864:6 Streck Asb. 60 vii 31, cf. libbasu ik-kud ana
(all NA); note: Bit-na-a-a-lu ABL 458 r. 6 [.. .] Winckler Sar. pl. 45 S. 2022 ii 7; ERIN.ME§
(NB); see also nalu v. massartu ... ik-kud lib-bi-[]u-nu-ma the
Nougayrol, MRS 6 29, Ugaritica 5 p. 13 n. 1; hearts of the guard troops pounded (with
Postgate, BSOAS 34 509; M. Heltzer, The Rural fear) CT 46 iv 9, see Iraq 27 6.
Community in Ancient Ugarit 52ff.
2. to worry, to fear, to be anxious about
najaru see niaru. - a) in gen.: bitum Salim mimma la ta-na-
naja see ndAi. ku-ud the household is fine, do not worry
TIM 2 148:8; tertum ... almat mimma la
najidu see najddu. ta-na-ak-ku-ud the extispicy is favorable, do
najudu see najddu. not worry CT 4 34b r. 4; ana sibtim la ta-na-
ku-ud do not worry about the interest TLB 4
nak see annakam. 51:17; la ta-na-ku-ud Fish Letters No. 5 edge;
naka see annakam. ana PN la ta-na-ak-ku-di-im do not worry
(fem.) about PN VAS 16 64:12, see Frankena,
nakadu (naqddu) v.; 1. to beat, throb, AbB 6 64 (all OB letters); he drinks the
palpitate, 2. to worry, to fear, to be anxious medication ilappassuma issalla' la ta-na-kud
about, 3. (in the stative) to be in a dangerous iballut if it affects him adversely and he
situation, 4. nukkudu to cause concern, becomes ill, do not worry, he will get well
5. III to worry (causative to mng. Ib), Kocher BAM 159 i 37; la ta-na-ak-[ku-d]a
6. IV (ingressive to mng. 2); from OB (in broken context) OIP 79 No. 4:22 (MA);
on; I ikkud - inakkud, stative nak/qud la ta-nak-kud Oppenheim Glass 63 § iii 11, 30
and nak/qid, II, III, IV; cf. itkudu, nak: (MB); e ta-kud Ugaritica 5 163 ii 30, see von Soden,
diS, nakdu, nakuttu, nikittu. UF 1 194; i-nak-ku-ud (in broken context)
[BAD] -di-im. a.na = na-a-du, na-ka-du Antagal ABL 1303:10 (NB); aSSum alpim da tuSgarriru
F 224f.; [idim].a.na = na-ka-du 5R 16 ii 77 mddiS a-na-ku-su-um I am very much con-
(group voc.). cerned about the ox which you have let run
za-ra BAD.A§ = nu-ku-du Ea II 93. loose TLB 4 4:13, cf. [...] mddig ak-kcu-ud
ta-na-['-id] = [ta-na-a]k-ku[d] Malku III 129; ibid. 35:8, ana te[m na]-ka-di-ki concerning
na--id // na-kud Hunger Uruk 29 r. 9 (Labat
your being worried TLB 4 36:6 (all OB letters);
TDP comm.); it-ta-na-as-la-' // i-nak-kud ibid.
41:10 (comm. on Labat TDP 218:13); na-ka-du / PN a PN, u PN, ina bit kili issab(a)tiima ik-
pa-la-hu ibid. 72 r. 16. ku-du (see sabdtu mng. 2a) TOL 13 151:3 (NB);
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nakadu nakadu
obscure: ana GN Supur kini la kini li-ik-kud treat a sick man) KAR 178 i 50, 61, ii 47, 65,
(end of letter) KAJ 316:18 (MA); fil-ul ak- iii 16, and passim, wr. na-qu-Tu ibid. i 2;
ku-ud-mi 4-ul e-de-er ba-ab(?) x [... ] PBS 1/1 sa ... marsu nak-du nassu sudlupu (so-and-
2 ii 41 (OB lit.); misa na-ka-da arhiSa itruda so) who is ill, in critical condition, suffering,
sattiam la naparkd (because?) he cared every sleepless urpu II 4.
day, .... every month, did not miss a year
BBSt. No. 5 ii 20; 1 tertu paSSir qabli sa b) with diagnosis or prognosis: na-kid
gamas u Adad lu nak-da-at (var. nak-ka-da-at) lipit qdt Nergal he is in critical condition,
one extispicy should be carefully prepared(?) it is the touch of the hand of Nergal Labat
on the middle table for Sama§ and Adad TDP 104 iii 10; iballut na-kid ibid. 86:51;
BBR No. 1-20:112; exceptionally with object: na-kud imat ibid. 26:80.
RN ... ana la epes anni la hate misir matija
c) other occs.: anaku itta sanati ag
n8[s iii izkuru(?)] i-mis la ik-kud-ma zikirka
marsak na-ak-da-ak for the last two years I
kabtu Dugdamme disregarded the oath [he
have been critically ill BIN 1 83:21 (NB let.);
had sworn?] not to sin and not to violate the
asum bitdtusunu la innadd aklJdsunti u
boundary of my country, and did not fear
LUf.MES sunu na-ak-du-4 ina bitisu <nu> mrim
your (Marduk's) revered name Streck Asb.
ma ul ibasSi I detained them so their settle-
280:22.
ments would not be abandoned, but these
b) in hendiadys with verbs for worry or men are ... ., nothing is available in their
fear: annita DN ina SemeSu ik-kud itta'id houses ARM 5 35:37; uncert.: eqlum mddis
baldssa when Asalluhi heard this, he became na-hu-ud ARM 3 8:12.
exceedingly concerned about her life Kocher
BAM 248 ii 61, also cited JNES 33 332:45 (comm.); 4. nukkudu to cause concern: lu(text KU)
ana uddus Ekur u Nippur ik-kud itta'id he nu-uk-ku-da-tu-nu-ma ana pihat alim nasarim
was exceedingly concerned about the resto- la teggia be very much concerned, and be not
ration of Ekur and Nippur JCS 19 122:22 (Sim- negligent in guarding the city Kraus AbB
bar-Sipak), cf. ana uddus biti sutu ak-ku-ud 1 2:24, also CT 52 47 r. 10, 50:21 (all OB letters);
aplah Borger Esarh. 3 iii 43, also abhut ak-kud bell liksudamm[a ... ] sa nu-uq-qu-du li-[mur]
ibid. 19 Ep. 16:8, see BiOr 21 145, ak-ku-ud ap- let my lord arrive and let him inspect [the
la-ah-ma VAB 4 76 iii 15 (Nbk.); ana amat fields?] that are cause for concern BE 17
DN u DN2 liplah lik-kud-ma let him fear 17:36 (MB let.); uncert.: ibaSsisa inatertimma
greatly the command of Nana and Mar-biti la 4-na-ki(text -9u)-du(text -us)-u Kraus
VAS 1 36 iv 18 (NB kudurru); aplah ak-ku-ud- AbB 1 22:14.
ma aridniqitti I became very concerned and
5. III to worry (causative to mng. Ib):
worried VAB 4 238 ii 27, also ibid. 220 i 36, 224
asu Su-ku-ud libbi Sarri because of worrying
ii 52 (all Nbn.).
the king ABL 1284 r. 8 (NB).
3. (in the stative) to be in a dangerous
situation - a) without diagnosis or prog- 6. IV (ingressive to mng. 2): la ta-an-na-
ku-u[d] CT 52 42:18 (OB let.).
nosis: marsu d na-kud la tetehhiSu this sick
man is in critical condition, do not come near In [ina libbi]ka aj IK-KUD ann puturma
him (addressing the dSipu) Labat TDP 2:2, Serti puSur BMS 11:19, restored from Sm. 219,
12f., also 54:11; na-kud (replacing diagnosis see von Soden, Iraq 31 83, IK-KUD seems to
and prognosis) ibid. 68:2, 5, STT 89:118, na- represent a mistake for (ina libbika aj) ibSi
kid Labat TDP 104 iii 28, 112 i 17, 120:36, (GAL-Si). For ARM 2 1: 18, see paqddu; in
242:15, (in broken context) 52 G 10, la na-ki-id TCL 1877:5 read probably ma-t[um] edidida
ibid. 196:72f.; UD.HUL.GAL ana marsi nana-a'(?)1-da-at-ti.
qu-ud it is an evil day, for a sick man (it Ad rmng. 3: Landsberger apud Ritter, Studies
means) it is hopeless (the physician must not Landsberger 302 n. 13.
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*nakalmfi nakalu
*nakalmf see nekelmd. mahrat elat gittanu maihrttu ultu UD.8.KAM sa
nakalu v.; 1. to act cleverly, to play a Du'uzi ta-nak-kil uttata a' 1 OUR Sa UD.7.KAM
trick, to deceive, to cheat, 2. (uncert. mng.), nagdtu rPN has received one gur of barley,
3. nukkulu to execute in an ingenious, (this is) in addition to earlier tablets - from
artistic, refined, sophisticated way, 4. nikilta the eighth of the month of Du'uzu it (the
nukkulu to deceive, play tricks, 5. III to barley) will .... , the above one gur of barley
have (something) done ingeniously; OB, SB, which was brought on the seventh (is to be
NA, NB; I ikkil - inakkil, 1/2, II, III; variously expended) VAS 3 85:5 (both NB).
cf. ikiltu A, nakliS, naklu, naklutu, nikiltu, 3. nukkulu to execute in an ingenious,
niklu, nukkulu, takkilu. artistic, refined, sophisticated way - a)
ur.sag.e mu.un.galam : qarradu ik-[ki-il- buildings: ekallu mahritu ... a sarrani
ma] the valiant (Ninurta) acted cleverly Lugale
VIII 24. alikut mahri .. zuSpiSma la u-nak-ki-lu
SipirSa the former palace which the kings
1. to act cleverly, to play a trick, to who came before me had built without
deceive, to cheat - a) with niklu, nikiltu: executing it artistically OIP 2 99:45, also ibid.
episdnftu a nik-lu ag4 ik-ki-lu the agents 95:73, 104 v 63, 113 viii 12, 118:9 (Senn.); eli sa
who have played this trick (what good did Sarri abbeja epsituu udanninma u-nak-ki-lu
they do for themselves?) ABL 1165:10 (NB); Sipirsu I made its construction more solid
sit-reseja amdti anndti ismiima ik-ki-lu niik- and had it executed more artistically than the
lat-sun my officials heard about these kings, my ancestors VAB 4 222 ii 8 (Nbn.);
matters and played a trick on them (the <a> ultu [ulla Sarrani abua] Subassu la
rebels) Streck Asb. 162:43; summa attunu usarbi la u-nak-ki-lu nik-la-[as]-su (Nineveh)
[ki-i nik-l]u la danqu ina muhhi RN [... whose site from early times the kings, my
beli]kunu i-nak-kil-an-ni tasamm&ni if you ancestors, had not enlarged, whose layout
hear of someone planning an evil plot against they had not made artistic OIP 2 80:18
your master, Assurbanipal ABL 1239+ r. 14, (Senn.); Eanna eli a pani uadtirma u-nak-
cf. [nik-l]u la danqu ... ta-nak-kil-a-nin-ni ki-la bind[ti] (see binatu mng. 2b) Iraq 15
ibid. obv. 18 (NA, join and coll. S. Parpola); la 124:29 (Merodachbaladan).
kitti itti[ja i]ddabub ni-ik-lu [it-te-k]i-il he
did not speak the truth to me, he deceived me b) other objects: pitiq eri ubassimma
ABL 928:12, cf. nik-lu ~i it-ti-kil ABL 301:12 u-nak-ki-la nik-ld-su I fashioned (lion
(all NA); ki adi muhhi a etetirka ni-ik-lu ana colossi) by casting copper (or: bronze) and
muhhika at-te-kil (I swear) that until I pay did it very artfully OIP 2 122:26, also
you, I shall not attempt to take advantage of 109 vii 8, cf. mu-nak-kil nik-la-te-4 ibid. 141
you VAS 6 43:24, cf. ibid. 289:11, also ki nik- r. 3 (all Senn.); i-nak-kil(var. -ki-il)-Su Situra
lu ana muhhi at-ti-ik-lu Nbn. 964:15 (all NB); tdiu ellu imnu7umma ina me uSapsih he (Ea)
ina kallamari ni-ik-lu memeni lu nak-la at trickily prepared his powerful holy incanta-
dawn, some trick should be used ABL 1278:3 tion for him, he recited it over him and made
(NA), see Parpola LAS No. 340. it rest on the water (of the aps4) En. el. I 62;
b) other occs.: see Lugale, in lex. section. luannimaalkakatili lu-u-nak-kil (var. lu-nak-
k[i-il]) skillfully I will change the ways of
2. (uncert. mng.): x kaspa ... sa eli the gods En. el. VI 9.
kurummatika ... ana Eanna etir PN ... iqbi
umma adi muhhi sa kaspa ana Eanna ettiru 4. nikilta nukkulu to deceive, play tricks:
kurummatu ana Eanna tan-na-ki-il (they qdtija ina bit abija ulteli u kajamdnu ni-ik-
said to PN:) pay Eanna x silver over your la-a-tum u-nak-ka-la ana muhi napatija
allotment, PN said as follows: Until I pay idabbub he has deprived me of my father's
the silver to Eanna, the allotment will .... house, and he plays tricks on me constantly
to Eanna AnOr 8 25:21; 1 GUR uttata ... PN and plots against my life ABL 416 r. 6 (NB).
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nakamaru nakapu A
5. III to have (something) done ingenious- within one month we can finish making them
ly: 'i-jak-ki-la ni-kil-tug I had (them) build ARMT 13 139 r. 11'.
(Esagil) ingeniously Borger Esarh. 22 Ep. 26 b
b) nukkumu: sa kaspu hurdsu bisu
16, see BiOr 21 146:53.
makkuru nu-uk-ku-mu qerebsun (the treasure
nakamaru see nakmaru. houses) wherein silver, gold, and other
possessions were piled up Streck Asb. 50 v 134;
nakamu v.; to stock, to heap up, to pile up, nisirti Sarriti 4-na-ak-ki-mu libbussa I piled
to store; OA, OB, Mari, SB; I ikkum - the royal treasure up in it (the palace in
inakkam (also ikkim - inakkim) - nakim, Babylon) VAB 4 116 ii 21, also ibid. 114 i 47, cf.
II, IV; cf. nakkamtu, nakmu, nikimtu, nikmu. 136 viii 18, cf. also bisasunu ina qerbi u-na-
gi4 , KA.nig.dug 4 .ga = na-ka-mu Nabnitu ak-ki-mu ibid. 134 viii 21, usammar -na-kam
XXII 174f. (var. u-na-ak-ka-am) (see summuru) ibid. 152
U
a) nakamu: UD.1O.KAM UD.11.KAM s~ram
a-na-ak-ka-am on the tenth and the eleventh,
iii 32 (all Nbk.); mu-n[a]-ki-mu simat ekurri
who piles up what befits Ekur AfO 13 205 (pl.
11): 7 (Asb.); kassaptuu-nak-ka-ma (var. i-na-
I will pile up the reeds (for damming up the
ak-ka-ma) kiSpisa the sorceress heaps up her
dike break) ARM 6 9:12, cf. srum na-ki-im
sorceries Maqlu VII 2; for nukkumu with
ibid. 12:12; ana srim sa ERIN.HI.A ... ik-
nakkamtu see nakkamtu.
ku-mu-ma YOS 2 130:5 (OB, coll. M. Stol);
[aggum] suripim madim [na-k]a-mi-im bell c) IV: AN.NA-kit TG.JI.A la i-na-ki-muana
ipuram my lord has written me about ume qu-ur-bi-tim ... dina my tin and textiles
storing much ice (for context see nak: should not be stocked, give (them) on short-
kamtu) ARM 2 91:6; samrdtim ... li-ik-ku- term loan HUCA 39 32 L 29-574:5 (OA).
mu ARM 1 62 r. 24'; GN agar IrN1.NU U4
GI.ZI-
nakapu s.; (mng. uncert.); SB.*
k[a] ta-a[k]-ku-mu GN, where you have
heaped up straw and your kisu reeds TCL 1 ina na-kap sadi suatu sidirtu iskunma
4:30; sammi 4-ku-um pile up fodder TLB 4 (Ursa) lined up his troops at the pass(?) of
11:47 (both OB letters); [se'u ana nise] ak-ku- that mountain TCL 3 111 (Sar.); GN sa ina
um I have heaped up grain for the people
Gilg. VI 109; Sa ... agarla amdripisiris i-na-
na-kap gadC n[adid] GN, which is situated at
the mountain pass(?) AfO 6 84 iii 18 (Asslr-
ki-mu whoever stores (these documents) bel-kala), see Borger Einleitung 136.
secretly in an inaccessible place AKA 106 viii The writing with the kab sign and the
68 (Tigl. I), cf. [sa] ... pazriS i-nak-ki-mu-ni context suggest that this word be separated
Levine Stelae 44 r. 74 (Sar.); immeasurable from nagbu "spring"; it may be a derivative
tribute sa ak-ku(text -lu)-mu ana nakkamti of a verb kdpu; it may be connected with
.a ekalli ... uSerib which I had piled up, I kapu "cliff"; or it may be connected with the
brought into the treasury of the palace transferred mng. of nakapu, see nakapu A
OIP 2 134:90 (Senn.), cf. ak-ku-ma buSe mat mng. Ib.
[ .. ] I heaped up the possessions of the land
of [... ] Lie Sar. 223; note usappah kiSpiki Sa nakapu A (naqdpu) v.; 1. to butt, to gore
tak-ki-mi I shall dissolve the sorceries which (said of animals), to abut, 2. itkupu to butt
you have piled up Maqlu VII 6, also ibid. V 87, each other, to lock horns, to join battle,
cf. kaSdptu a kima iiti ik-ki-mu UD.15.KAM 3. nukkupu to gore, to knock down; OB,
ibid. 82; uncert.: 5 atkuppi lillikunimma Bogh., SB, NA; I ikkip - inakkip, 1/2, 1/3,
kima dipirsunu i-na-ka-mu SIGa4.II.A mimma II; wr. syll. and UL.UL; cf. muttakkipu,
a ,ahatim
ah uul kalit
at ITI.1.KAM
.K ina Satim muttakpu, nckipu, nakkaptu, nakkdpi, nikiptu
ina
nuSallambi let five reedworkers come, and B, nikpu A, takkiptu.
as soon as they .... their work, not one du-u UL = na-ka-pu Ea IV 151, also A IV/3:57;
brick will be kept from being made, du-uUL = MIN (= na-ka.pu) Ad Goi), ru-uuL = MIN Ad
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nakapu A nakapu A
MA§ Nabnitu I 88f.; du[UL] = [na-ka-pu9d OUD], sabhtu ana abulli iqribamma amela ik-kip if
ru-u[UL] = [MIN d MA§] Izi Q 207f.; si.HUB = MIN
a gazelle comes up to the city gate and knocks
(= na-ka-pu) Sd GUD Nabnitu I 90, also Antagal
m ii 7'; si.tu-umHuB = n[a-k]a-p[u] Erimhu§ VI 79; a man down CT 40 43 K.2259+ r. 4 (SB Alu);
sag.ta.dug 4.ga, sag.sig.ga = na-ka-pu id [sA]o see also CT 17 27:7f., in lex. section; note
Nabnitu I 86f.; kur.ku = MIN (= na-ka-pu) 4 in the iterative: summa alpu ina qarniSu a
A.MI-e Nabnitu I 91; [§u-ub] [§UB] = [na]-qd-pu d imitti it-ta-na-an-ki-ip if an ox butts re-
A.MI.A A VI/4:161; ba-ar BAR = [n]a-ka-pu
peatedly with its right horn CT 40 30 K.2937
A 1/6:282.
UL.UL = i-it-ku-pu-um OBGT XIII 18, cf. UL.UL r. 4, also 6, for comm., see lex. section.
= it-gu-pu-um OBGT XI v 6; UL.UL it-ku-pu Proto-
Izi II 144, also Proto-Izi Bil. iv 9. b) in transferred mng.: sursMuu aqqgara
[gu 4 .gi]nx(GIM) bi.in.du7 : kima alpi i-na-KAP mali qarndu same nak-pa-[ma] its (the
CT 17 27:7f. herb's) root fills the ground, its horns butt
ine.mah.bi sur .bi ba.du.du : tahassu the sky Kiichler Beitr. pl. 3 iii 31; said of the
iru ezzid it-tak-kip his superb attack keeps
horns of the moon: SI.MES-si Samdmi nak-pa
charging in fury Angim IV 53; nig.ur.lim.ma
edin.na im.ra gis.kirig harax diri.ga [x] UET 6 413:20; note in 1/3: adi KUR Sa-u-e
tes.bi mu.un.du.du 7 : bil seri imhasma kima Bade sa ina GN 2 it-tak-ki-pu-ni as far as
kird sa hard nashu idteni§ it-ta-kip (the demon) hit Mount GN, which abuts(?) the Lebanon
the wild animals, so that they butted each other Rost Tigl. III p. 20:127; gumma kakku i~
and resembled a date grove whose (planted) shoots
are uprooted CT 17 26:44f., see Landsberger Date masrah marti na-kip if that "weapon-mark"
Palm 36; u 4 .ginx du 7 .du 7 ki.bal.a.e : it-ta- abuts(?) the cystic duct CT 30 44-45
kip kima iime ana mat nuku[rti] like a storm, he 83-1-18,415:9 and r. 4 (SB ext.), cf. KI.TA-a-nu
hits the enemy country Lugale II 33; ru 41.hul. ik-ki-ip (in broken context) KUB 4 65 ii 5, 8
gal an.edin.na du 7 .du 7 : imu lemnu .a ina
(ext.); uncert.: a-ti-kip (in broken context)
seri i-tak-ki-pu evil demon who butts in the steppe
K.7926:3, in Bezold Cat. 882; [dA.nun].na du,. ABL 633:28 (NA).
du 7 .mes : Anunnaku it-tak-ki-pu SBH p. 107
No. 56 r. llf.; sag.gig a.gig.a.ginx lu du 7 . 2. itkupu to butt each other, to lock horns,
du 7 .de : murus qaqqadi kima [a]ge it-tak-kip the to join battle - a) to butt (said of animals):
disease of the head pounds like a wave CT 17 21 ii lu sa ana mahar marsi kima GUD.[ME ta-a]t-
102f., also (with kima alpi, kima kis libbi) ibid. tak-ki-pa or be you (demons) (like those)
113ff., cf. also CT 17 19 i If.; id.da nu.me.am
who butt each other like oxen before a sick
a.gig mu.un.du 7 .du 7 : ina balu nari ag4 it-ta-
ki-pa where there had been no river, waves bat- man AfO 19 116:30 (Marduk's Address to the De-
tered (against the walls) SBH p. 55 No. 28 r. 15. mons); summa zuqaqipiu salmctu ina bit ameli
ge-nu-[u] = na-ka-pu Malku IV 84; ge-[el-su, it-tak-ki-pu if black scorpions butt each
gu-nu-[u] = nu-ku-pu ibid. 85f.; [... ] = nu-uk- other in a man's house CT 40 26:31, also ibid.
ku-pu Malku VIII 52.
[UL].UL // it-ku-pu RA 17 153 vi 10 (astrol. 12, of. KAR 381 ii 5; summa UDU.NITA.MES
comm.), see mng. 2e; [x x] DU [x] = it-ku-up ina tarbasisunu it-tak-ki-pu if sheep butt
,
L.KTR RA 17 190:14 (astrol. comm.); [ittanans each other in their pen CT 41 11:16, also CT
kip?] = u-nak-kap, [...] = nu-uq-qu-pu CT 41 28 38 K.4079a:14; summa sahu it-te-ki-pu-
28:24f. (Alu Comm., to Tablet XL, see mng. la).
ma ana pan ameli innesru if pigs butting
1. to butt, to gore (said of animals), to each other advance toward a man (followed
abut - a) to butt, to gore, said of horned by ritkubtu) CT 38 45:15, also 46:15; ana it-
animals: summa alpum siiam ina alakigu ku-up zdmani da-a-is ajdbij[a] (wild bulls
awilam ik-ki-ip-ma ustamit if an ox passing made of silver) [I set up in the Sin temple]
through a street gores a man and kills him to gore the evildoers, to trample my enemies
CH § 250:47, also § 251:62, wr. ik-ki-im-ma Streck Asb. 172 r. 55; note in similes: kima
Goetze LE § 54 A iv 17f.; summa alpum rimu kadri it-ku-p[u] Gilg. IV v 10; ana epe
alpam ik-ki-im-ma (var. ik-ki-ip-ma) ustamit sarriiti itti ahme it-tak-ki-pu lald'is like
Goetze LE § 53 A iv 13, B iv 17; summa alpu kids they butted each other for (the right to)
ik-kip-su if an ox gores him (the exorcist on exercise the kingship Borger Esarh. 42 i 44;
his way to a patient) Labat TDP 4:21; umma see also CT 17 26:44f., in lex. section;
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nakapu A nakapu B
note the participle muttakkipu used instead gdrija VAB 4 222 ii 14 (Nbn.), cf. also Ninlil
of muttakpu: itburti belet tusari mut-tak-ki- rimtu ... u-na-kip nakreja ina qarnesa
pat (Bogh. var. mu-tck-ki-bat) adija strong gasrdti Ninlil, the wild cow, butted down my
Lady of the Battlefield, who hurls(?) herself enemies with her strong horns Streck Asb.
at mountains STC 2 pl. 75:11, see JCS 21 78 ix 78, Ninlil ... mu-nak-ki-pat za'iri
259, cf. (Zababa) mu-tak-kip KUR [x] Or. AAA 20 80:7 (Asb.), Nergal mu-nak-ki-pu kala
NS 36 122:95 (SB hymn to Gula), cf. mu.lu zajdri BMS 46:19, restored from Sippar 79;
ihur.sag.ga du 7 .du : be-lim mut-tak-kip rimtu mu-nak-ki-pat kibrati (Istar) wild cow
[gadi] OECT 6 pi. 4 K.4884:5f. who butts the whole world RA 13 107
K.2001:7; sarru mat nakrisu it-nak(var. -na)-
b) said of storms and demons: see Lugale kap the king will strike down the land of his
II 33, K.7926:3, in lex. section; iumu ezzu mut-
enemy Thompson Rep. 32:5, 46:3; also ibid.
tak-ki-p[u] (var. mu-tak-kip) la ma-hi-ru ana- 44:6, 26 r. 4; rmu-nal-kip anuntu sapin mat
ku I (Asalluhi) am the furious storm who nukurtu who crashes through resistance, who
butts, the irresistible one AfO 17 313 C 18 levels the enemy country Thureau-Dangin Til-
(Marduk's Address to the Demons), restored from Barsib p. 143:23 (= RA 27 19); hm-nak-kip
unpub. dupl. courtesy W. G. Lambert. suse mummil tamharu (Ninazu) who knocks
c) said of waves: see NabnituI 91, A VI/ apart(?) the reedbeds and dances in battle
4:161, CT 17 21 ii 102f., SBH p. 55 No. 28 r. 15, Or. NS 36 118:47 (SB hymn to Cula).
in lox. section; ina gipis ed nadima ag2 elis It is possible that [UL(?)].UL = it-kk-pu s
it-ta[k-kip] he is cast among huge waves, the si-it-tim to . ... , said of sleep, [... ].x =
flood pounds above him ZA 61 52:49. MIN sd ar-ni Nabnitu O 73f., cited ekepa lex.
d) said of battle: see Angim IV 53, in lex. section, belongs to nakapu.
section, cf. anantu it-ku-pat (var. it-[ku]-pu) In RMA (= Thompson Rep.) 82:8 read ina 1-en
STT 19 and 21:53, cited itkupu adj.; [...] ITI (coll.); in UM (= PBS) 1/2 113:56 and dupl.
r
x mu Lu it-ku-pat sah-mas-tu-um-ma da'[um
n read ti-ar-kib-ki,
see rakdbu.
mau ... ] VAS 1 69:8 (Shalm. IV).
nakapu B v.; (mng. uncert.); OB, SB;
e) to join battle: ina mati rube it-tak- I ikkip - inakkip, II; cf. nakpu, nikpu B.
ki-pu rulers will join battle in the land
ACh lamas 13:14, wr. NUN.ME UL.UL ibid. 11:7, ru.gi = MIN (= na-ka-pu)9d su.si Nabnitu I 92;
si.ga = MIN 9d su-ba-ti, si.ga = MIN d ku-rid-tim
for comm., see RA 17 153, in lex. section; gerat (see naqabu) ibid. 93f.; zag.e = na-ka-pu la x
qabli [mut]-tak-ki-pat anunti (see ger4 mng. ibid. 98.
Ia) KAR 57 ii 16, see RA 13 109.
a) nakapu - 1' referring to fingers: see
3. nukkupu to gore, to knock down: Nabnitu I 92, in lex. section; rub ubadsu i-na-
urmma rimu alpa ina dli
u-na-kap if a wild ki-ip the ruler will .... his finger YOS 10
bull gores an ox in a city CT 40 41 79-7-8,128:8 20:10 (OB ext.), also ibid. 46 v 19; summa ubdn
(SB Alu); [x] x oGD sa i-kl-la-am e-bu-ma
[x x] x u-na-a-pu u-nak-kap
erdkuma nu-uk-ku-pu
RA 42 71:29 (Mari);
I (the cow)
erd
imittisu rabitu ik-kip if he (the exorcist) ....
his right middle finger Labat TDP 2:4, also 5,
comm. Hunger Uruk 27: 11; sa ubansu nak-pat
am pregnant, and I am ready to gore one whose finger is .... (must not approach
K6cher BAM 248 iii 55; rimum kadrum mu- the place of extispicy) BBR No. 1-20:5.
na-ak-ki-ip zd'iri (Hammurapi) fierce, wild
bull, who gores the enemies CH iii 9; 2 rim 2' referring to other parts of the body:
kaspi mu-nak-ki-pu grija two bulls made sa patar parzilli u .ukurri parzilli ik-ki-pu
of silver (represented as) goring my enemies lidSndun whose tongues iron daggers and
Thompson Esarh. pi. 15 iii 5 (Asb.), also Streck iron spears have .... -ed Bauer Asb. p. 74:13;
Asb. 150:72, cf. rimu zahal ebbi mu-nak-kip see also usage b.
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oi.uchicago.edu
nakarkanu nakru
3' referring to cloth: see Nabnitu I 93, in course, to move away, to deny (p. 166),
lex. section. 8. nukkuru to discard an object (tablet, stela,
etc.), to remove an inscription, a brand, to
b) nukkupu: sillu lamassat inisu i-na-kap remove medication (after application), to re-
the opaque spot .... his pupil AMT 9,1:32; move a garment, to expel evil, disease, etc.
[...] tu-na-kap-u AMT 44,1 ii 11; summa (p. 166), 9. nukkuru to clear away rubble,
izbu remassu nu-uk-ku-p[a-at] if the mal- etc., to discard, remove from a container, to
formed animal's womb is .... Leichty Izbu demolish a building, to undo, to make the
XVII 77, cf. [...] SAG.DU.MEAS-d-nu nu-uk- achievements (of a rule) come to nought, to
ku-p[a ... ] CT 28 15 K.12754:6, see LeichtyIzbu abolish the rule of a king, to remove a person
1). 197; sdru ina suburrisu 4-na-kap Kocher from office (p. 167), 10. nukkuru to change an
BAM 159 v 50, also AMT 56,5:8; za-bi-lu bi-in- agreement, a decision, an attitude, to change a
na tu-na-kap CT 14 50:73 (coll.). name, to change clothes, to make (something)
This verb has been separated from nakapu look strange (p. 168), 11. nukkuru to transfer,
A on the evidence of its different Sumerian reassign persons, to move someone to another
equivalent and its semantic reference to an location, to place an object in a new location,
infirmity associated mostly with the fingers. to put objects away, (with subtu, bitu, etc.)
The ref. nakapu sa subati, with Sum. equiv- to settle persons elsewhere, to reassign
alent si.ga, is obscure and does not seem to property, to change a border line, to change
fit the semantic range of either of the two a treatment, (with manzdzu) to change
homonymous verbs. position (said of a planet) (p. 169), 12. nuk:
kuru to make into an enemy (WSem. forms)
nakarkanu s.; (mng.unkn.); NA.* (p. 170), 13. II/2 (passive) to be (physically)
E
takpirtu na-kar-ka-ni lilkunu let them removed, to be changed, countermanded
(p. 170), 14. II to incite to rebel, to cause
carry out the purification ritual of the n.-
house Tell Halaf No. 5:13 (NA).
enmity, to instigate (somebody) to remove
an inscription (p. 171); from OAkk. on;
nakaru see nakru adj. I ikkir - inakkir (inamkir ABL 960:15) -
nakir, imp. *ikir, 1/2 (ittakir and ittekir). 1/3,
nakaru v.; 1. to become hostile, to be or be- II, II/2, III; wr. syll. and KUR (BA.AN.KUR
come an enemy, to engage in hostilities, to be CT 38 28:28, SB Alu); cf. nakaru in bl1
at war, to rebel against a ruler, to be an alien, nakdri, nakirtu in sa nakirti, nakkaru, nakri,,
an outsider, to become estranged (p. 160), nakru, nakritu, nukru, nukurrd, nukurtu,
2. to change one's mind, to become deranged, nukurtu in bel nukurti, takkirtu, takkiru.
to talk senselessly, (with pani, zimu as
subject) to have an unhealthy appearance, kur PAP = na-k[a-ru-um] MSL 2 p. 130 iv 8a
to change (said of a dynasty, a rule), to (Proto-Ea); ku-ur PAP = [na-ka-ru] (between nakru
and nukkuru) A 1/6:2; kdr - na-ka-rum MSL 9
move away, to go into exile, to change 127:128 (Proto-Aa); kur = na-ka(text -ak)-rum,
(mostly for the worse), to become angry GUR = MIN a a-ma-ti, gi4 = MIN Ad MIN, bal -
(p. 163), 3. to change domicile, to appro- MIN Ad MIN Nabnitu XXII 214ff.; kur - na-ka-ru
priate property, to take a person away Lanu A 133; [nig.kr].di = na-ka-ru-[um] Nigga
Bil. B 52; in.kir = ik-lir, in.kdr.e = i-na-kir,
(p. 164), 4. to countermand, overrule a in.kur.e.meg = i-na-ki-ru (var. i[kJ-ki-r[u])
command, to contradict, to refuse (p. 164), Hh. II 37ff.
5. to deny a statement, a fact, to contest an ku-ur PAP -- nu-uk-ku-r[u] A /6:3; . kir =
agreement, to refuse a request, to speak a nu-ku-rum MSL 9 127:129 (Proto-Aa); in.kutr.re
= u-na-ak-kar Ai. I iii 62, in.kdur.re.ne = d-na-
falsehood (p. 165), 6. 1/2 to become mutual
ka-ru ibid. 64, in.kir =- i-na-ki-ir ibid. 58,
enemies (p. 166), 7. nukkuru to turn hostile, in.kir.e - du-na-ki-ru ibid. 60.
to become angry, to change, become different, bal - na-ka-[ru] CT 18 30 r. ii 4 (group voc.);
strange, unusual, unintelligible, to change nu.bal.e.de = la-a na-ka-ri Ai. VI i 61; bar -
159
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nakaru la nakaru la
beu, [bar].ri - nu-uk-ku-ru Erimhus II 136f.; engage in hostilities ARM 2 41 r. 7'; halas PN
ka-am KAD -- nu-uk-ku-rum A VIII/1:12; kalusu ik-ki-ir the entire district of PN is at
[suh]ur.sulbur = nu-ku-rum Izi D i 9'.
ba.da.kir : it-ta-kir 4R ll:lf.; ba.an.da. war RA 36 112:12; summa na-ka-rurm
kiir : it-te-kir CT 17 31:21f.; [ba].da.kdr.re : puhurma i ni-ik-ki-ir if there is to be
it-te-ki-ir SBH p. 60 r. 16f. (all in broken contexts). enmity, assemble (with the troops) and let
anse.[bil ... ki.dur.bi.se ba.an.kur : Sa us fight ARM 1 24 r. 9; [n]a-ka-ar-kausteddi
imere suniti ... rubussunu -nak-ki-ir he made
I have made your enmity known ARMT 13
these donkeys move elsewhere 4R 18* No. 6:10f.;
in broken contexts: mu.un.kir.re : i-nak-kar 145:13; mdtum annitum ,a ana serisunu
LangdonBLNo. 188:5; ld.na.me nu.kuir : [...] uzunSa turrat iddanin ittisunu it-ta-ki-ir this
la i-nak-ka-ru BA 5 389 No. 9:1f.; like an old country which used to look to them for
kiln kuir.kir.ru.zu al.gig : ana nu-uk-ku-ri-ka guidance has (now) become headstrong and
maris it is difficult to move you Lambert BWL
245 v 12. hostile to them ARM 4 24:23; imuruma
gis.gigir.bi ki.gar.ra.da.na u.mu.un.si. ittini it-ta-ak-ru when they saw (this) they
i l.la : narkabtu suutu asar saknatu i-nak-ka-ru-ma turned hostile toward us RA 42 71:17, cf.
(he who) moves this chariot from where it is placed Turukk sa ittini ... ik-ki-ru-ma ARM 4 25:12,
4R 12 r. 25f. (MB royal); [... mu].un.kur.re.
[i-na]-ki-ra-an-niARM 10 79:20; send word to
: q
qibltka [.. .] 4-nak-kar SBH p. 71 r. 11f.
Ninurta dug 4 .ga.zu nu.kur.ra nam.tar. the kings of the Lullu sa ittika na-ak-ru ...
ra.zu su.zi.dc.es gar : dMIN qi-bit-ka ul ut-tak- ittika lislimu la ta-na-ki-ir who are at war
kar Si-ma-tu-ka Su-ut-lu-[ma] DN, your command with you that they should make peace with
cannot be countermanded, the fates you decree you, do not engage in hostilities Studies Lands-
aicr firmly assigned Lugale I 25, cf. dug .ga.zu
an.ginx(mi) nu.kur.ru.da : qibitka kima Jamd berger 193 SH 827:23f., cf. it- <ti> PN it-ta-ki-ir
ul ut-tak-kar 4R 20 No. 3:18f.; gis.hur an. ibid. 29, also summa sarrdnu mddiltum sa
ki.a nu.kiir.ru.da : usurat same u erseti
ut-tak-ka-ru CT 17 34:5f.; [...].a.ni an.ki.a
sa la Lullim Sa ittika i-ki-ru issalmu Lacssoe
Shemshara Tablets 77 SH 812:26; itti sarrim
la.ba.an.da.kur.ra : [Ia] sit piSu ina sami u
e.rseti la ut-tak-ka-ru BA 5 646 No. 12:3f.;
mahrimma Sa isallimu [i-n]a-ki-ir Unger
dUtu dug 4 .ga gu.la nig.nu.kur.ru : Satmas Mem. Vol. 192:38 (Shemshara let.), cf. islimu u
.ia rabi qabmhu la ut-tak-[ka-ru] Gray Samas pl. 17 ik-ki-ru ibid. 191:17; Ahlam sa na-ka-ri u
K.5135 r. 17f., see JCS 21 7:54; nig.nu.kur.ru habdtimma ittija lu idabbubu Sa salami ittija
inul da.ri.e : Sa la ut-ta-ka-ru MUL same da[r']
KAR 41r. 21.
ul idabbubu the Ahlamians discuss with me
ad.min.na.bi.se an.ti.bal diri.ga.zu nothing but warfare and razzias, they do not
sunx(Bini).na.bi he.en.bal.bal.e : idassunu discuss with me making peace JCS 6 145:13
.altii lit-tak-kir Saq nanzazki may your (1star's) (MB let. from Dilmun); ittikunu a-na-ak-ki-ir
olevated position (in the sky) alternate (between [at]talkam ina GN akaLsada I will become
cast and west) triumphantly relative to them
TCL 6 51 r. 15f., see RA 11 149:33; es.bar.ra your enemy and go and march into Babylonia
... [...] nu.kad : sa purus[sicsa ... la ut]-ta- KBo 1 10:14, cf. [it]tijait-ta-ki-ir ibid. 61 (let.);
i'a-ru TCL 15 No. 16:17. itti salmija lu salim itti nakrija lu na-kir let
BA.AN.KOR = i-nak-kir CT 41 25 r. 13 (Alu him be at peace with my friends, at war with
Comm., to CT 38 28:28); A.TE MAN-ni = [A§.TE
my enemies KBo 1 4 ii 7, cf. sa itti sar GN
Kx]R-ir Izbu Comm. 245; [nu]-kur DtR = nu-uk-
kur sub-tum CT 41 33:20 (Alu Comm., to un- na-ak-r ibid. 11, etc., i-na-ak-ki-r iLid. 15,
identified omen). etc., ik-ki-ir KUB 3 14:4, and passim with itti
in treaties; amSi RN ul iba'arsu ul i-na-
1. to become hostile, to be or become an ak-ki-ir-su the Sun must not oppose RN nor
enemy, to engage in hostilities, to be at war, to engage in hostilities against him KBo 1 5 i 50
rebel against a ruler, to be an alien, an outsider, and 55, cf. mat GN u dl GN it-ta-kir-Su-nu-ti
to become estranged - a) to become hostile, KBo 1 1:32; k Ahlam na-ak-ru are the
to be or become an enemy, to engage in hos- Ahlamui (perhaps) hostile? KBo 1 10:37;
tilities, to be at war - 1' in letters and Sarrini 3 u 4 na-ak-[ru ana s]a Sar GN a few
treaties: as long as my father, RN, sends kinglets have become the enemies of the
messengers to me ul a-na-ak-ki-ir I will not king of Hatti (they all look to me) EA 56:40,
160
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nakairu la nakaru lb
cf. 54:41; inuma na-gar-ra-at URUk.DIL.DTL the king of Babylonia and did not come to
URU GN naKURru palhatu mare PN after the his support VAB 4 272 ii 22 (Nbn.); ina MN
towns became enemies, GN (also) became sa MU ... LV Aramu na-kir-ma bdb neberi sa
hostile, afraid of the tribe of PN EA 137:68, GN isbatma in the month of MN of the (nth)
cf. inuma na-ak-ru gabbi dalni GN EA 256:22, year the Aramean turned hostile and seized
also inima na-ak-ra-at-mi gabbi mltdti EA the access to the crossing point at GN King
98:5; with itti: arrdni GN na-ak-ru ittija Chron. 2 81 iii 7, of. 80 iii 4; [RN] itti RN,
the king(let)s of Nuhasse are at war with me na-kir CT 34 48 i 42; (on such-and-such a
(and take my towns) EA 161:37, cf. 160:25, date) GN itti mat AMsur it-te-kir Wiseman
also ittija i-na-ki-ir-[mi] EA 45:31; on the Chron. p. 52:29; ana tarsi RN GN itti GN,
day the army leaves na-ak-ru gabbu they it-te-kir in the time of Nabonassar Borsippa
will all become enemies EA 106:49, cf. 113:49, turned hostile toward Babylon CT 34 46 i 7.
etc.; itti nakri sa belija na-ak-ra-[ku u] itti
sa-la-mi sa belija salmdku I am at war with 3' in omens and lit.: you will defeat
the enemy of my lord and at peace with arramsa ittika na-ak-ru-u the king who has
those who are at peace with him MRS 9 49 become your enemy YOS 10 56 ii 44 (OB
RS 17.340:13, of. ibid. 35 RS 17.132:12 and 51 RS Izbu); EN SILIM-mi-ka ina-kir-ka your friend
17.340 r. 12', also itti Samsi belisu salim u la will turn into your foe Leichty Izbu XI 138;
na-kir ibid. 41 RS 17.227:6 and 35 RS 17.132:9, la i-nak-ki-ru la ib-bal-lak-ka-tu will they
also 37 RS 17.132:45, enema GN u GN, become hostile? will they rebel? IM 67692:86
ittija na-ak-ru-ma ibid. 35 RS 17.132:4, etc.; (tamitu, courtesy W. G. Lambert); unu na-
note summa PN nukurta itti sarri i-na-ki-ir ak-ru u andku na-ak-ra-ku-ma they are
if PN declares himself an enemy of the king hostile, and so I am hostile, too KBo 1 11 r.(!) 9
ibid. 286 RS 19.68:36; ammini ittini ultu (Ursu story), see ZA 44 120; sursubtu ik-ki-ra
muhhi Samsi la na-ak-ra-ta-mi why do you izammur he sings (the hymn beginning) "The
not become the enemy of the Sun (and make awe-inspiring one has become hostile toward
alliance) with us? ibid. 41 RS 17.227:11; me" KAR 141 r. 1, see TuL p. 89, cf. nak-ra-
these four years ultu muhhi sa ... PN ik- ti(var. -turn) nandurtumdti Lambert BWL 34:83
ki-ru ever since PN started hostilities (Ludlul I); mind nak-ra why are they hostile?
ABL 460 r. 5 (NB); URU GN issisu i-ti-ki-ri En. el. III 127; na-kar (in difficult context)
ABL 1325 r. 1, cf. (Merodachbaladan) [i-se]-e-a RA 45 171:13 (OB).
na-ki-ir Iraq 17 32 No. 5:14 (NA).
b) to rebel against a ruler - 1' in letters,
2' in hist.: KUR.HI.A kalusunu ittija it-ta- etc.: instead of the town GN [,a itti]du ik-ki-
ak-ru all the countries are at war with me ru-[i-ma asbat]uma e[hpii] which rebelled
KBo 10 1:12, cf. GN ik-ki-ir-ma allikma GN against him and which I seized and destroyed
uhalliq ibid. 30 (Hattuili bil.), note, as Akka- JCS 12 127 No. 456: 34 (OB Alalakh), see Draffkorn
dogram in Hitt.: GN IK-KIR KBo 3 38 r. 18; Kilmer, JCS 13 95; [ina w]arkikama mdtum
[it]-ta-kir (in broken context) AOB 1 46 [i-n]a-ak-ki-ir after your departure the
No. 2:3 (Enlil-nirari); ibbalkitamma ittija country will rebel ARM 10 31:10; mdtdti
ik-ki-ir AfO 5 90:19 (Adn. I), cf. ibbalkitunin annitu ina tarsi abija it-ta-ak-ru these
nima ittija ik-ki-ru(var. adds -it) zd'eriti countries rebelled in my father's time KBo 1
epusu AOB 1 118 iii 11 (Shalm. I), also la ta- 1:16, of. 13, also 10; they seized GN it-ta-ak-ru
bal-kat-a-ni la ta-na-ki-ir-ra-ni Wiseman umma Sunuma rebelled, and declared as
Treaties 244; RN ... sa . . . ik-ki-ru ihtanabs follows ibid. 34; nakru sa elikunu i-ta-ak-[ru]
batu hubut sarrni GN Streck Asb. 134 viii 32; (with) an evildoer who has rebelled against
iladni pat mat Akkadi Sa itti Sar mat Akkadi you (we will not make a treaty) ibid. r. 6;
na-ak-ru-ma la illiku resussu cities along the the king should know that ahija TUR na-ka-
border of Babylonia which were hostile to ar isitu jdAi u irub ana GN my younger brother
161
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nakaru lb nakaru Ic
rebelled against me and entered GN EA 3' in omens and lit.: mdtum it(!)-ti be( !)-li-
298:23, cf. ahija TUR istu jati i-na-gar-m.i ra [i]-na-ki-ir the country will rebel against
EA 137:17; itti sarrirabi belisunu nakx(NAGA)- its lord YOS 10 45:56, cf. matum a [r]e-i-sa
ru they rebelled against their lord, the Great i-ki-ru-i ana belisa itur ibid. 58 (OB ext.);
King MRS 9 36 RS 17.132:26; inuma na-kir rubi aldnisu ,st KUR.MES-si qassu ikasad
PN tupSarru itti sarri belisu MRS 6 68 RS the prince will defeat the towns that rebelled
16.269:7; alani ma'dte lapanisu it-ti-ik-ru against him CT 20 47 r. iii 55, also KAR 426 r.
many towns rebelled against him ABL 17 (SB ext.), also rub aldnisu ana IM.LIMMU.
839: 11; ultu muhhi sa PN ina qdte arri ... BA KUR.MES- ' BRM 4 13:39; amuitum sa na-
ik-ki-ru ever since PN rebelled against the ka-ar dli sahhariti (this was the appearance
king ABL 269:13; assa ni-it-te-ki-ru-u of) the liver that (referred to) the estrange-
because we had rebelled against him ABL ment of small towns RA 35 61 No. 18a:2 (Mari
301 r. 4; adi L GN gabbi it-ti-ik-ru now all liver model), cf. na-ka-ar all sehrutim YOS 10
the Gurasimmu tribe has rebelled (there is 47:47 (OB behavior of sacrificial lamb); ultu sit
no town there that is loyal to Assyria) ABL Samsi adi ereb amsi ik-ki-ru-Su-ma Grayson
1241:14, of. ik-ki-ru ABL 267 r. 10 (all NB). Chronicles 19:52, also 20:23; itti RN belisu i-nak-
ki-ir will he rebel against his lord Assur-
2' in hist.: in tuarisu GN na-fki]-ir-ma on banipal? PRT 124 r. 4f., cf. 129 r. 11 and Knudt-
his return Kazallu rebelled AfO 20 53 r. ii 34 zon Gebete 2 r. 5; sarruqarrdiusui-nir-ru-si //
(Rimus); inumi kibrdtum erbi'im i-ki-ra-ni- KUR.MES-s4 the king's warriors will kill him,
ni-ma when the entire world rebelled against variant: will rebel against him KAR 212 iv
me RA 8 65 i 7 (Asduni-erim), cf. inu kibrd 16, see Labat Calendrier § 66':7.
turn arba'um istenis i-kir-ni-su4 Sumer 32 70 i
9, cf. also 9-Ju ik-ki-ru-ni-in-ni-ma 9-su lu c) to be an alien, an outsider, to become
akmiuniti VAS 17 42:3 (both Naram-Sin); estranged - 1' in letters and leg.: summa
Sarrdnu anndtun i-ki-ru-su-ma these (previ- itti sarri ,a GN ta-at-ta-ak-ra-maitti sanimma
ously named) kings rebelled against him Syria tattaskana if you (pl.) continue to be alienated
32 14 iii 11 (Jahdunlim); inime GN u mat GN 2 from my brother, the king of Egypt, and
i-gi-ru-us when KimaS and the land ofHurtim make common cause with somebody else EA
rebelled against him MDP 14 10 i 10 (Puzur-In- 9:26 (MB royal); na-kar-ta-ku-mi PN ana
yusinak); together 26 large cities sa TA RN mdruti ipusanni I was an alien (but) PN
abija ik-ki-ru-u-ni which rebelled against my adopted me (and now I have been given to
father Shalmaneser 1R 29 i 51 (§ami-Adad V); PN2 ) HSS 19 31:3 (Nuzi).
ana paras ramaniSunuik-ki-ru ittija they had
rebelled against me on their own Streck Asb. 2' in omens and lit.: dlu itti dli bitu itti
40 iv 100, cf. ki RN ... ik-ki-ru-ma isl4 nir biti KYR-ir one town will become estranged
belitiSu ibid. 376 i 5; arki uqu gabbi lapani from the other, one family from the other
RN it-te-ek-ru-' ana muhhisu ittalku afterward CT 39 33:55 (SB Alu), cf. mdtu ana mdti §ES
the entire people rebelled against Cambyses SE§ KUR-ir Thompson Rep. 86 r. 4, bitu itti
and went over to him (the false Bardiya) biti KUR-ir CT 39 20:132 (SB Alu), also KAR
VAB 3 17 § 11:16, cf. arki Elami it-te-ek-ru-' 148:13 (SB ext.), and passim; SILA SILA KUR-ir
lapanija ibid. 23 § 16:30; DN ki imuru mdtate one street will be estranged from another
anneti ni-ik-ra-ma when DN saw that these Leichty Izbu I 82; mar sarriitti abisu KUR(var.
countries were (all) hostile ibid. 89 § 4:20; adds -ir) Leichty Izbu VIII 38; mare bit
it-te-ki-ir arrt Bdbili i.sabat ibid. 23 § 16:32, ameli K1rR-ma bitu i-[... ] ibid. p. 197 K.7033:9;
and passim in the Behistun inscription (all Sarru ... itti ummdniu K R-ir BRM 4 13:2
Dar.); ibaA ina mdtti annti ... u ik-ki-ru-il (SB ext.); [i-nak]-kir-ubiZlsu his wild animals
there is among these countries (one) which are estranged from him Gilg. I iii 24 and 45,
rebelled Herzfeld API 30 No. 14:25 (Xerxes Ph). iv 14.
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nakaru 2a nakairu 2f
2. to change one's mind, to become zimusina [it-ta-ak-ru] ibid. 78 II iv 12, for
deranged, to talk senselessly, (with pan, zimu other refs. see zimu mng. lb-2'.
as subject) to have an unhealthy appearance,
to change (said of a dynasty, a rule), to move 3' other occs.: his eyes are red, green,
and black zumursu KUR.KJR-ir his body
away, to go into exile, to change (mostly for
looks unhealthy KAR 26:9, cf. if a woman
the worse), to become angry - a) to change
zumursa KUR.KUR Kocher BAM 240:20; DI
one's mind: na-ka-ar temim changing of
NA si-mat IGI.MES-i KUR.KtR-ir if the
mind (referring to the country) YOS 10 47:29
(OB behavior of sacrificial lamb); tem nisi isanni
appearance of a man's face is unhealthy
Iraq 19 40 i 10, also Labat TDP 190:14; IGI
(var. [i-na]-ki-ir) Leichty Izbu VI 54.
sereu KUR.KIR Kocher BAM 124 i 50; Bumma
b) to become deranged: tensu KUR-i-ma bitu taransu KUR.KTR-ir bel biti KtjR-ir
he became deranged KAR 211:8; tensu KTPR. CT 38 14:24, also (with sikinSu) ibid. 6 (SB Alu).
KIR mala ippusu imassi he becomes deranged,
e) to change (said of a dynasty, a rule) -
forgets everything he does AMT 90,1 r. iii 25;
if a sick person 1' with pal2: palim i-na-ki-ir YOS 10
[t]ensu KUR.KUR-sum
5:10, 39:36 (OB ext.); pale rube KTR-ir BRM 4
Syria 33 122:23, cf. teinu KUR.KUR-sum-ma
13:13, cf. CT 28 50 r. 15 (SB ext.), also KAR
ina la idd urappad he becomes deranged
465:5 and dupl. 417:5 (SB Alu), ZA 52 240:22
and runs about without knowing (it) Labat
(astrol.), Leichty Izbu V 95, XVII 63, sar kiss
TDP 22:37, also 28:83, 70:14, 112 i 20, 114 i
sati paldsu KUR-ir ibid. I 74; BALA LUGAL
33, 244:6.
ina-kir UET 6 413:22.
c) to talk senselessly: if his mind is
2' with kussil: kussd i-na-ak-ki-ir BRM 4
deranged KA.KA-s42 KUR.KUR mimmi iqabbd
15:23, dupl., wr. ina-kir ibid. 16:21, kuss
imassu his speech is incoherent, he forgets
KUR-ir ibid. 13:79, kussi matate KUTR.MES-ma
what he is saying Labat TDP 182:49; summa
ibid. 24 (SB ext.), and passim, also CT 40 33:15,
KA-S2 KiR.KUR-ir Labat TDP 64-66:59-85, cf.
etc. (SB Alu); AS.TE i-na-ki-[ir] Leichty Izbu
244:6.
VI 41, see also Izbu Comm. 245, in lex.
d) (with pani, zimu as subject) to have an section, A§.TE KUR-ir CT 31 25 Sm. 1365:14
unhealthy appearance - 1' with pani: (SB ext.); note KU.ZA KUR-ir-ma [...] (var.
pani PN la i-na-ki(!)-ru Beltani must not u-na-kar) Leichty Izbu VI 10.
become unhealthy-looking YOS 2 53:18 (OB
f) to move away, to go into exile: it-te-
let., coll. R. Harris); pane ik-ki-ru ARM 6
ki-ir-su sedu (his) protective spirit withdrew
70:13'; pana it-tak-ru [...] LKA 28:6;
from him BHT pi. 5 i 17 (Nbn.); the prince
summa panusuKUR.KUR-ru Labat TDP 74: 30f.,
will dislike his domicile (subtu) ana ali
also summa dlittu paniua ik-ki-ru if a preg-
sanimma KtBR-ir and move to another town
nant woman looks unhealthy ibid. 206:77;
TCL 6 1:5; amelu ina pani bel amatilu ana
the gods of Sumer and Akkad (in their hurry)
dli ,animma KUR-ir the man will move into
like tired foals panussuu<nu> it-ta-nak-ka-ru
another town on account of his enemy
looked exhausted Streck Asb. 268:18.
ibid. 17 (SB ext.); EN E BI KlR-ir the owner
2' with zimu: take good care of their (the of that house will move away (or: go into
female weavers') rations zimisina la i-na-ak- exile) CT 38 14:24, also CT 40 7:54, bel biti
ki-ru they must not look unhealthy ARM 10 ina-kir CT 38 32:13, KAR 389b (p. 352) ii 30, CT
126:21, zim usparati ... la i-na-a[k-ki-ir] 40 3:62, etc.; adib libbiu ul iburru EN.ME§-si
ibid. 28; ina la makale zimla it-ta[k-ru] KUR.MES those who live in it will not prosper,
through lack of food I have come to look bad its owners will move away CT 38 17:92,
Lambert BWL 44:91 (Ludlul II); nidu ina [bus E BI SUB-ma EN.ME-?i it-ta-nak-ki-ru ibid.
bute zim]zj7ina it-tak-ru Lambert-Millard Atra- 10:22, adib libbisu KTHR.MES CT 40 5:13, cf.
hasis p. 110 v 14, 112 vi 3, cf. ina bubftim bitu sH addbii u KUR.ME§ ibid. 11; summa
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bitu MIN (= JikinSu) KR.KUR-ir EN-sM ina-kir PN will be angry when he hears (it) ABL
if the appearance of a house is very strange 960:15 (NB).
its owner will move away CT 38 14:6; bel
egli suati K.R-ir eqlu s~ UB the owner of 3. to change domicile, to appropriate
that field will move away, that field will lie property, to take a person away - a) (with
fallow CT 39 5:49, cf. that field will be sold object) to change domicile: ummani Jubassu
and belsu KxR-ir its owner will move away KITR-ir TCL 6 3 r. 14 (SB ext.); tib lemutti
ibid. 3:18 and 9:20, A.LA BI EN.MES-94 KR. itebbisu Subassu KUR-ir misfortune will befall
ME§ ibid. 9:19, eqlu Mz innaddi LU.ENGAR.BI him, he will go into exile KAR 389 (p. 351)
KR ibid. 4:30; gar mdti KITR-ir the king of ii 5, of. KAR 386 r. 36 and 384(!) (p. 342) r. 35 (SB
the country will go into exile CT 39 14:16 Alu); 7-su KUR-ir if he wants to change his
(all SB Alu); difficult: urn-mat biti KUR-ir domicile KAR 177 i 13, also E-su MAN-ma
KIR-ir ibid. 15, 1E-Su MAN-ma KR-ir-ma LAL
CT 38 15:52 (SB Alu); [...] ana l nakri
KUR.MES-ma CT 31 9 iv 21 (SB ext.). (= ihit) ibid. 17, summa E KU-R-ir KAR 398:6,
also, with comm. Ja ana bitiSu MAN-ma ittis
g) to change (mostly for the worse) - quma LAL- BRM 4 24:46 (iqqur lpub), see La-
1' to change: two physicians of mine are bat Calendrier §§ 11-13.
bandaging him but simmasu ul i-na-ki-ir
his sore shows no change AIPHOS 14 131:11 b) to appropriate property, to take a
(= ARM 14 3); KUI LiL-si KIR-Si Labat TDP person away: minumme RN i-na-ki-ru mare
132 i 64, also cited, with explanation t-eme GN litmima RN iSallimuniti whatever RN
silitidu KUR-ir Hunger Uruk 36:13; temsunu may appropriate, let the natives of Amurru
it-ta-na-ki-ir reports about them change all take an oath and then RN will restore it to
the time ARM 4 22:7, cf. kima tm LU.HA.NA. them in full MRS 9 126 RS 17.159:19; let
ME iSndma ibid. 80:4; if the flame it-ta-na- them take the following oath summa iR
kir keeps changing (parallel: kajaman is GEME Sa PN na-at-ta-kir-mi u summa ana
steady) CT 39 34:21 and 33 (SB Alu); one mamma ameli Sanimma ana Simi na-at-ta-
crack (pitru)is not favorable, two cracks are din-mi u na-at-ta-kir-mi we have not
not favorable 3 DV, slaG ina alsi KITR-ir appropriated any of PN's servants and we
three cracks are favorable, it changes when have not appropriated (any of them) by
it reaches three Boissier DA 12 i 38 and 39ff., selling (them) to anyone else MRS 9 163 RS
13 i 44 (SB ext.), wr. ina saldi it-te-kir TCL 6 17.341: 24'f., cf. the corr. lines 28'f.; u 1 amelu ~a
5 r. 20-22; the portents Sa ina bdrdti KUR.MES
GN i-ta-ak-ru but they took away (as
(see badrtu mng. 3b) CT 30 28 K.11711:7, 43 prisoner) one man from Arrapha AASOR 16
89-4-26,171 r. 7. 8:9 (Nuzi); LUGAL.ME[§ ... ] bi-se-Su i-na-ak-
ki-ru RA 44 17:32 (OB ext., translit. only).
2' to change for the worse: murussu xKR-
sum-ma Labat TDP 92:45, cf. sibissu KIR. 4. to countermand, overrule a command,
KITR-ir ibid. 168:106 and 1; uncert.: inanna to contradict, to refuse: in pidu ellim §a la
awiltum ummaki ud-di-id ul ik-ki-ir Kraus, na-ka-ar upon his pure utterance which is
not to be countermanded PBS 7 133 i 22
AbB 5 255:12; [ga ... ] KI mitharig it-ta-nak-
ki-ra iddtida all the signs of [...] become (Hammurapi) and dupls., see Gelb, JNES 7 268,
increasingly ill-portending Borger Esarh. 14
also fa la] na-ak-ri-im (var. 4a la uttakkaru)
Ep. 6:13. CH xliv 88; may DN be his evil spirit sa la
na-ka-ri-im AfO 12 365:36 (Takil-iliSu); ina
h) to become angry: awilum §4 i-na-ak-ki- pika §a la na-kar BMS 13:11, cf. [ina 8i]t
ir-ma that man will become angry ARM 10 piki §a la na-kar 4R 55 No. 2 r. 5, see ArOr
77 r. 6', cf. it-ta-ak-ki-ru-k[um] JCS 17 85 No. 17/1 188; a'elu u na-ka-ru to ask and to
13:17 (OB let.); artaaub . . mddi4 dannid a-na- refuse Burpu III 38f., cf. Sem u na-ka-ru
ak-k8-fe-er1 EA 29:74; PN i-nam-kir ki ismi ibid. 59, nazaru u na-ka-ru VIII 58f., also 68
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and 72; in qibitika kitti Sa la na-ka-ri-im AD.A.NI ik-ki-ru-ma because PN (and his
VAB 4 82 ii 27, wr. Sa la na-ka-ra-am ibid. mother and five children) contested the
190 ii 2 (Nbk.), cf. 214 ii 33, 216 ii 36 (Ner.), ina inheritance (and divided anew) Grant Smith
amatika sirti la la na-ka-ru-um ibid. 150 No. College 254:9, cf. aSSum PN sa PN 2 ana eqlim
18:20, ina amatika sirtiSa la ih na-ka-ri ibid. ... zazim ik-ki-ru-u-ma JCS 5 78 MAH
148 iv 13; ina pika ellu Sa la na-ka-ri ibid. 88 15916:4, 80MAH15970:3, 81MAH 15993:5; an:
No. 7 ii 27, etc. (all Nbk.); note in finite form: niam ana tuppi madiltim ik-ki-ru-ma la
as for him, as long as he lives KA KTR-ir li.Snu useribu this they contested despite the
la isemme he will be contradicted(?) and no tablet (witnessed by) many people and did
one will listen (to him) KAR 382:12 (SB Alu). not let (the silver) in Frank Strassburger Keil-
schrifttexte 35 r. 16; (PN had given x barley
5. to deny a statement, a fact, to contest
to three persons) PN Se'am i-ki-ru-ma ana
an agreement, to refuse a request, to speak
a falsehood - a) in OAkk., OA: (PN has
y SE u-te-er-ru x-y SE it-ba-lu they denied
to PN (having received) the (x) barley, but
received silver and given it to fPN2 ) sum-ma-
they did reduce (lit. turn) (their debt) to y
sa da-na-kir should she deny (it) (PN3 should
barley, and (thereby) took (for themselves)
give evidence) MAD 1 282: 10 (OAkk. let.);
x-y barley CT 8 38c:8; tiSa ina qdtija
Summa i-ti-ki-ir tammigu if he denies (it),
ibbas[ia] ak-ki-ir-ki do you assume that, had
make him take an oath TCL 20 129 left edge 5;
they (the stones) fallen into my hands, I
PN u PN2 i-ta-ak-ru-4 umma Sunuma PN and
would have denied it to you? YOS 2 61:10;
PN2 denied (it), stating as follows BIN 4
lma it-ta-[k]e-e-er YOS 2 49:23, cf. itu awel:
151:7, of. (also with following umma) BIN 6 29:32;
turn it-ta-ak-ru-u ibid. 30; awilum kaspam
ask him before three (witnesses) u-la li-ki-ir
mall ilqZ it-ta-ki-ir UET 5 39:21, of. (in broken
ula luka'in he should either deny or confirm
context) Fish Letters 16:33; se'am mala taddi:
it Hecker Giessen 15:11, for other refs. see
nusuma ik-ki-ru-ka TCL 1 34:12.
kanu A mng. 4b-1', also ik-ri 4-l[d ka-i-ni]
CCT 5 2b: 30; with suffixes: kaspam annakam c) in Mari, Elam, MB, Bogh., RS: PN it-
i-ta-ak-ra-ni he denied me the silver here ta-ki-ir umma l4ma ARM 8:86:13; 94
u bel
CCT 4 28a: 38, cf. sa i-na-ki-ru-[sul (beside a diniSu [i]turrumai-na-ak-ki-ru-Su should he
ukannuSu) ICK 2 145:10, ana Sa i-na-ki-ru- or his adversary contest the agreement again
cka KTS 5a:25. MDP 23 322 seal 8; bell PN iadlma bell i-na-
kir anaku ub4rSuma (see bdru A mng. 3c)
b) in OB: summa samalldm kaspam ... Summa
Aro, WZJ 8 573 HS 115:27 (MB let.);
ilqema tamkdrsu it-ta-ki-ir if the apprentice
i-na-ak-ki-ru-ka if they deny this to you
received silver (from the merchant) but denies
EA 8:34 (MB royal); Summa munnabtu i-na-
it to his merchant OH § 106:59, cf. mimma sa
ak-kir if the refugee denies (it, followed by
ik-ki-ru § 124:63, aSum amalldu ik-ki-ru
direct speech) KUB 34 1:5 (Bogh. treaty), see
§ 107: 10; with suffix: mimma ,a ... iddi-
MIO 1 114:8; Summa sibiiti Sa PN i-na-ak-ki ru
nugum it-ta-ki-ir-du ibid. 5, agar iddinu it-
Ugaritica 5 27:31.
ta-ak-ru-,u § 123:49, it-ta-ki-ir-Su § 124:60;
se'am ... ana gamrim it-ta-ki-ir he al- d) in Nuzi: Summa inanna ak-ki-ru
together denies (having) the barley § 120:16; (I swear) that I am not now speaking a
witnesses to the wording of the document falsehood HSS 9 7:22, cf. inanna la ik-ki-ru
Sa nddindnum ik-ki-ru which the seller has ibid. 11; Summa ... la ilteqd u la ik-ki-ru-
contested Kraus Edikt § 5': 38, cf. asum Su-nu-ti-ma they took (the listed objects)
... awatam ik-ki-ru ibid. 41; (PN slapped and now deny it (oath) AASOR 16 74:9, cf.
PN2 ) it-ta-ki-ir umma s4ma ul amhas he the opposite statement: ninu nilq2 ma u
denied (it declaring) as follows: I did not inanna ni-ik-ki-ru-ma ibid. 20, also HSS 14 8:4
slap (him) UCP 9 381:4, cf. it-ta-ki-ir umma and 12; (the judges sentenced him to pay
TLB 4 48:10; adium PN .... ana HA.LA an amount of wool) kima ik-ki-ri because
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he made a false deposition JENu 663:20'; understand VAS 10 214 r. vi 24, cf. nu-uk-
dajani PN iS-ta-la-us-ma it-ta-ki-ir the judges ku-ra-at amaris ibid. 9, [ ip]ruS nu-uk-ku-ur
questioned PN but he denied it JENu 423:9, ibid. obv. i 12 (OB AguSaja); nu-ku-ur mim:
also SMN 1066:16; PN it-ta-ki-ir umma sima [masu] everything about him is strange
JEN 397:24. TIM 9 43:12 (OB Gilg.), see ZA 53 216, cf.
mimma nu-uk-ku-ur KUB 4 12 obv.(!) 22f.
e) other occs.: Summa it-te-ke-e-er la (Gilg.); qerebsu nu-uk-kurx(GAM) (var. nu-kur)
idema iqabbi if he denies it and says: I do Tn.-Epic "iv" 22, var. from MAOG 12/2 p. 42
not know KAV 1 iii 65 (Ass. Code § 24), cf. VAT 1D356; in omen texts: summa milu
summa ameranu ... it-te-ke-er ibid. vii 15
KUR.KUR if the (annual) flood is unusual
(§ 47), also sa iqbiuni u ik-ki-ru-u-ni ibid. 19. CT 39 18:100, cf. summa A-~i KTjR.KiR-ru
6. 1/2 to become mutual enemies: ahi ibid. 17:63; if a date palm 2 SAG.DU.MES
atta i-ba-ri-ni ni-ta-ki-ir you are my brother, GAR-ma KUR.KVuR-ra has two tops and they
should we fight among ourselves? BIN 4 72:9 look strange CT 40 44 80-7-19,92+ :26; summa
(OAlet.); Sar-ra-anit-ta-ki-r[u(?)]-x two kings ema saknu panusu KUR.KUR-ru if wherever
will become mutual enemies YOS 10 26 iii 20, (the black spot) is, its appearance is odd
cf. ma-ta-an it-ta-ak-ki-ra ibid. 31 xii 9 (OB ext.); CT 28 27:33 (SB physiogn.), cf. pagarsuKUYR-ri
mat ASsur u mat Akkadi KUR.MES BHT pl. Labat Suse 10 r. 6, and passim in this text; if you
4:11; in that country ummanu rube it-tak- have performed the extispicy for the well-
ki-ru army (and) ruler will become mutual being of the camp and teretuka KUR.KUR-ra
enemies TCL 6 1 r. 14 (SB ext.); [SESI.MES your signs are unusual Boissier DA 248 i 13;
KUlR.[MES] CT 39 48 Sm. 1924:8 (SB Alu); gar: paddnum nu-uk-ku-ur the "path" is unusual
rani salmiti KTR.MES friendly kings will BE 14 4:3 (MB ext. report), cf. summa paddnu
become each other's enemies CT 31 50:15 nu-kur CT 20 45 ii 27, also 25 K.9667 ii 10, ii
(SB ext.). 24 and 27 K.4069 ii 12, TCL 6 5:28, RA 14 149:10;
jumma bab ekalli nu-kir KAR 423 ii 47, also
7. nukkuru to turn hostile, to become nu-ku-rat Boissier DA 230 r. 22; isid manzdzi
angry, to change, become different, strange, ... isallihma ana imitti padani KUR.KUR-ma
unusual, unintelligible, to change course, TCL 6 6 ii 6 (all SB ext.).
to move away, to deny - a) to turn
hostile: should anybody, either a person or d) to change course, to move away: if the
a city itti amsi barta ippus [u-n]a-ak-ki-ir moon leaves its path sanitammaillak KI.MIN
rebel against the Sun or turn into an enemy 4-nak-kir follows another, or: it changes
KBo 1 5 ii 17; for seven years RN ... u-na- course ACh Sin 4:25 and 28; mdrina ina
kir-an-ni Barattarna was my enemy Smith panisa 4-na-ka-ru // DU.DU.ME her children
Idrimi 44; summa attunu tu-nak-kar-su-u-ni will move away, variant: go off Labat TDP
that you will not rebel against him Wiseman 204:42; awilum ina dl wasbu 4-na-ka-ar(!)
Treaties 55, also 69, 128, wr. tu-na-kar-a-sd- the man will move away from the town he
n[u-ni] 367; GN ut-tak-kir Elam became lives in YOS 10 24:26 (OB ext.); ana GN
rebellious VAB 3 59 § 52:92, cf. 93 and 94 (Dar.). nu-ku-ri-im panam iskun he intended to
move to GN ARM 2 129:11, of. ibid. 13;
b) to become angry: many died sarru ajiam ul 4-na-ka-ar RA 66 125 A.2728:19
ut-ta-ka4-ar umma Sarrumma and the king (Mari let.).
became angry, and thus the king ordered
(watch the roads) KBo 1 11 r.(!) 23 (Ursu story), e) to deny: kima sabtuma [u]l 4-na-ak-ki-
see ZA 44 122. ru umma sunuma when seized, they did not
deny it, saying VAS 16 190:20 (OB let.).
c) to change, become different, strange,
unusual, unintelligible: Sani SipirSa nu-uk- 8. nukkuru to discard an object (tablet,
ku-dr strange are her workings, difficult to stela, etc.), to remove an inscription, a brand,
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to remove medication (after application), to later on;he who removes (the tablet) gumi
remove a garment, to expel evil, disease, etc. satru KUR-r and removes my name from it
- a) to discard an object (tablet, stela, etc.): Hunger Kolophone No. 333:7; if a shepherd
mannumme ... tuppa annita 4-na-ak-kar-ma usarrirmasimtam ut-ta-ak-ki-ir fraudulently
asar puzri iSakkan whosoever discards this removes a mark (on an animal) CH §265:67,
document or hides it away KBo 1 1 r. 37, of. cf. simat senim sa la nu-uk-ku-ri-im a mark
2 r. 15; sa tuppu anndm ?i-na-ki-ir MRS 6 on the sheep which cannot be removed
105 RS 15.109:56; sa temennija u-na-ak-ka-ru- TCL 17 8:14, also lu-na-ak-ke-e-er-ma ibid. 13
ma RA 33 50 iii 4 (Jahdunlim), cf. kima andku (OB let.).
nare u temmenni a RN la ?-na-ak-ki-ru
c) to remove medication (after applica-
nareja [u] temmennija a 4-na-ak-ki-ir AAA 19
tion): u-na-kar-ma she removes (the sup-
pl. 81f. No. 260 iii 22 and 25, of. ii 23 (Samsi-
pository) Kocher BAM 240:45.
Adad I), see Borger Einleitung 9f.; sa ... narja
u-na-ak-ka-ru-u-ma AOB 1 24 v 15 (Samsi-Adad d) to remove a garment: they (the sol-
I), of. ibid. 50 iv 66f. (Arik-den-ili), 124 left edge diers) bared their chests ut-tdk-ki-ru lubuil
4 (Shalm. I), sa kudurra annad -na-ak-ka- removed (their) garments Tn.-Epic "ii" 39;
ra-ma BBSt. No. 1 ii 7, cf. 4-na-ak-ka-ru subassu z-nak-kar subdta sandmma MU 4 .MU4 -
4 -bal-laqx(un)-qu ibid. No. 3 v 43, kudurrasa as Or. NS 36 34 Sm. 810:15 (namburbi); TUG.
ut-tak-kir BE 1 83 ii 5, also MDP 6 pl. 10 iv 19, BI u-na-kar subata zakd(uD.UD) MU.MU4
VAS 1 58 ii 2, etc.; DN bel kudurri kudurraSu Kocher BAM 323:103 (= TuL 86:47).
li-na-kir BBSt. No. 3 vi 12; dalat Abul
e) to expel evil, disease, etc.: you (pl.)
Tibira ... '-ni-ki-ir I discarded the doors
walk the far-off heavens mu-nak-ki-ru
of the Metalworker Gate AKA 146 v 9 (Broken
lumnu you are the ones who dispel evil
Obelisk); sa tallz Junti .-nak-kar-At-ma
Iraq 18 pl. 14 (p. 61):16 (Hama), also OECT 6
Streck Asb. 292 r. 15; sa epset qdtija 4-nak-
pl. 22 K.2784 + BMS 62:10, see JRAS 1929 285,
Lyon Sar. 19:103, cf. 8a
ka-ru(var. adds -u)-ma bunnannija usabhh
... nard in manzd5
zisu 4-na-ak-ka-ru MDP 10 pl. 11 iii 24, also
also mu-KtR HUL KAR 35:23;
lumnam Sweet, TSTS 1 7 r. 6 (SB inc.);
tu-na-kar
nu-
uk-ki-ra-ni ittu lemuttu a bai ina biti[ja]
(with ina asrisu) BBSt. No. 4 iii 3, (ina SubtiSu)
remove (pl.) the evil sign which occurs in my
VAS 1 37 v 28, (ultu asrisu)BBSt. No. 11 ii 20, TA
house STT 231 obv.(!) 35; murus jakna
KI-Su U-nak-kar-u-ma Borger Esarh. 99 r. 53,
nu-uk-kir-ma remove the disease that is
summa attunu tu-na-kar-[a]-ni Wiseman Trea-
on me (parallel: nussi dihu ta zum
ties 410; sa nara ... sa in mahar DN kunnu
rija) BMS 12:60, see Ebeling Handerhebung
ut-[ta]-ak-ki-ru MDP 10 pl. 11 iii 20.
78; DN li-na-kir dihu urpu IV 95, cf. DN
kididat eksi"tu mu-nak-ki-rat uzzati JRAS
b) to remove an inscription, a brand:
1929 11:16; u-nak-kar imatki inassah qteki
mannumme u-na-ak-kir-su ipassi[tu] Smith
he (the conjurer) will remove your (Lamatu's)
Idrimi 96; Ja sumi atra ipasiitu u musarija
spittle, tear off your hands 4R 58 i 9 and
u-na-ka-ri AKA 3:7 (= AOB 1 50 No. 2, Arik-
26, of. PBS 1/2 113 ii 46 and 60 (Lamastu II);
den-ili), cf. sa musard itir umija '-nak-kar-
li-nak-kir-ki azugallatu Gula (parallel: lis.
u-ma Bohl Leiden Coll. 3 p. 36:40 (Sin-sar-is-
kun), sitir sumisu la u-na-ak-ki-ir
YOS 1 44
suhki apkal ilani Marduk) UET 6 393:14.
ii 5 (Nbk.), musard sitir sum a RN dmurma 9. nukkluru to clear away rubble, etc., to
la U-nak-ki-ir VAB 4 224 ii 43, of. 226 iii 9, discard, remove from a container, to
ippalisma la KTlR-r abrusu AfO 22 5 iii 27 demolish a building, to undo, to make the
(Nbn.); mu-ni-ki-ir itrija AOB 1 98:19 (Adn. I), achievements (of a rule) come to nought, to
mu-nak-kir ditrijau sumija Winckler Sar. pl. abolish the rule of a king, to remove a person
25 No. 54:17, and passim up to Senn.; mu-na- from office - a) to clear away rubble, etc.:
kir7 gumija AKA 188 r. 29 (Asn.), and passim kuursa li-na-ki-ir-ma elippum la [imatl he
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should remove the .... on it so the boat mu-nak-kir sarritu RN ibid. pl. 38 iv 28, also
will not run aground TLB 4 35:25 (OB let.); belassu -nak-kir-maRN anasarriti . .. askun
tillasu laberu -na-kir I cleared away its ibid. pl. 33 No. 70:93 and Lie Sar. 252.
(Calah's) pile of old ruins Iraq 14 33:23, and
passim in Asn.; anhussu u-na-kir6 I removed f) to remove a person from office: RN sar
its (the city's) ruined sections WO 1 387:8, cf. rnat Amurri istu sarrutti sa mat Amurri ud-
256:7, also WO 2 42:47 (all Shalm. III), u-ni-kir6 da-ki-ir-su KBo 1 8:13, cf. the Sun RN ina
KAH 2 84:129 (Adn. II), for earlier rcfs. see kussi sarrutisu lu la 4-na-kar-su KBo 1 3:29;
anihtu mng. 2a; asarsu z-ni-ki-ir AOB 176:40 mu-na-ki-ir malkisunu mukinnu sakniitisu
(Adn. I); napde ansite u laberute i-ni-kir who removed their rulers and placed his
I removed weak and old supports (and put governors (in their stead) Rost Tigl. III p.
in new ones) AOB 1 98:4 (Adn. I); summa 42:3; ana sarriti mat Assur tu-nak-kar-a-
kinuna KTR.KXR-ir KAR 398:8 (= Labat Ca- iu-u-ni that you will not remove him from
lendrier § 51). the kingship of Assyria Wiseman Treaties 128.
b) to discard, remove from a container: 10. nukkuru to change an agreement, a

midduhra [sa i]na ildi diqdri irThuni tu-na-kar decision, an attitude, to change a name, to
tattallak you discard the sediment which is change clothes, to make (something) look
left at the bottom of the container, and you strange - a) to change an agreement, a
go away Ebeling Parfiumrez. 31 iv 7, also 26 ii 8, decision, an attitude: sa awat tuppim ...
'-na-ka-ru BE 6/1 11:21, 17:31, Scheil Sippar
etc., cf. minduhra tu-na-kar p. 28 i 11, etc.;
10 r. 14, Waterman Bus. Doc. 14 r. 6, VAS 8 12:28,
bula tu-na-kar pi'itta la tu-na-kar (see buld A)
20:13, CT 47 1:12, 50:23, and passim in OB
ibid. 21 ii 18, etc., pi'itta tu-na-kar ibid. 23 i 26,
and passim in these texts. Sippar texts, note sa pi tuppim annim i-na-
ka-ru CT 2 35:17; {,-n[a-ak-k]i-ir rikistam
c) to demolish a building: at that time Gilg. O.I. r. 19; purusse matim ... a 2i.-na-ak-
bita sdtu ana sihirtisu -ni-ki-ir I tore down ki-ir he must not alter the decisions (which
that entire temple AOB 1 122 iv 9, cf. ibid. I have made) concerning my country CH
xli 72, cf. awatija ustepel usurtija ut-ta-ak-
136:4, and passim in Shalm. I; Sami-Adad
,a israt al [Assur] u-na-ak-ki-ru-ma ekallam ki-ir CH xlii 32, also usurdtija la u-na-ki-ir
Sudti epusu who tore down the sanctuaries ibid. 10, ulli sa ulli amdtisu lu la 'i-na-ak-k&r
of Assur and built that palace WVDOG 46 pl. one must not change the other's words
1 iii 1 (Puzur-Sin), see JCS 8 32; referring to EA 29:129; itti sarrim [sa] isallimu saldmsu
a city: a ep[set qdli]ja 4-na-kar-u-ma i'-na-ka-[ar-su] Unger Mem. Vol. 192 :41 (Shem-
Lyon Sar. 22:57, also mu-nak-kir(var. 4car) shara let.), of. simdtu -nak-kar Gilg. I v 2;
epset qdteja ibid. 24:49, 26:37; mannamma Enkidu nu-uk-ki-ra s retka Enkidu, change
... lipit qdteja tu-na-ak-ki-ir Sumer 3 12 ii 26 your attitude Gilg. I v 20; nu-k'r milki sane
(Nbk.). teme change of counsel, change of mood CT
20 10:4, 27 ii 11, also PRT 106:2 (SB ext.), CT 40
d) to undo, to make the achievements (of 44 80-7-19,92+ :26 (SB Alu), tiem biti nu-uk-
a rule) come to nought: s~mitisu lirur ku-ru (as action of demons) AfO 14 144:86
epsetisu lu-fna-kil-ir erreta marulta ... littaz: (bit mesiri).
kar may he (A5§ur) curse his (the king's) fate,
undo his achievements, pronounce an evil b) to change a name: N sum a '-nak-
curse on him AKA 252 v 91 (Asn.), cf. sa kir-ma GN 2 azkura nibissa Lie Sar. p. 52:1,
illdma epsetija 4-nak-ka-ru qibit aqb inn cf. Wincklcr Sar. pi. 13 No. 28:9, also umiu
CT 36 7 ii 17 (Kurigalzu I). mahrd 4-na(var. -nak)-kir-ma GN attabi
nibissu OIP 2 29 ii 29 and dupls. (Senn.), sumf
e) to abolish the rule of a king: i-nak-kir gunu mahrd 4-nak-kir-ma ana esMiti azkura
sarrti RN Wincklor Sar. pl. 26 No. 56:10, cf. nibi[ssun] Borger Esarh. 107 iv 10.
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c) to change clothes: subdt pagrisu ul qaqqaris[a ... ] ut-t[a]-ki-ra-as-i Ugaritica 5
KTfR-dr he does not change his undergarment 35:16 (let.).
ZA 19 378:13, also 377:4, 4R 33* ii 9, 34, and
passim in hemer.; uncert.: LTU KU-SU KtR-a[r] b) to place an object in a new location,
MDP 14 p. 50 i 19 (MB dream omens). to put objects away: sa mesi elmesi asarsun
u-nak-kir-ma I put mesu wood and elmesd
d) to make (something) look strange: stone elsewhere (and will not reveal them to
nu-uk-ku(!)-rat lamassi my countenance has anybody) Cagni Erra I 148; see also 4R 12
been changed (for the worse) (parallel end, r. 25f., in lex. section; nu-kir er.i relocation
said of bastu) 4R 59 No. 2:18; bunnanneja of the bed (on which a lizard fell on a sleeping
i-nak-ki-ru RA 26 41:8; zimija ut-ta-ak-ki-ru person) CT 38 39:20, also 23f., 26:28, 40:21 (all
PBS 1/1 2 iii 57 (OB lit.), cf. ibid. i 13, ut-tak- SB Alu); sa ... NiG.DU-si-na nu-uk-ku-ru la
ki-ir zimusu BHT pl. 6 i 30 (Nbn. Verse Account); muhhusa whose (the fields') border marker
[tu-na]-ki-rizimisu STT 136 i 12 and 23, restored was either moved to another location or not
from K.8939, K.9587 ii 9; [...] iddanabbub u standing upright VAS 1 37 iii 22; timminnu.
ramansu ut-ta-na-kar he constantly talks sina [lu] nu-uk-ku-ru-i let their (the weavers')
(incoherently) [.. .] and acts like a strange looms(?) be moved (or: changed) ARM 10
person STT 91:69. 126:19; ina GA.NUN.NA E.GAL ... PN
ilqgma aSarsani -ta-ki-ir-su PN took (silver)
11. nukkuru to transfer, reassign persons, from the storeroom of the palace and trans-
to move someone to another location, to ferred it elsewhere TIM 2 129:9 (OB let.);
place an object in a new location, to put assum suripim asar sanimma nu-uk-ku-ri-inm
objects away, (with subtu, bUit, etc.) to settle to remove the (stored) ice to another location
persons elsewhere, to reassign property, to ARM 3 29:8, cf. 22, also ARMT 13 121:5'; asars
change a border line, to change a treatment, fu i,-ak-ka-ri ana asar sananmma ileqql hie
(with manzdzu) to change position (said of a who changes its (the tomb's) location (or)
planet) - a) to transfer, reassign persons, takes (the bones) to another place YOS 1
to move someone to another location: the 43:14; sa musaru sitir sumija ... ibbatu lu
men have no (other) livelihood kima tad<di>: asarsiu -nak-ka-ru he who destroys the in-
nusunusiim mamman la u-na-ka-ar-su-nu-ti scription with my name on it or places it
nobody should transfer them (they keep the elsewhere Borger Esarh. 75:40, 76:23, also JCS
field) as you gave (it) to them OECT 3 35:9 17 130:20, Streck Asb. 240:22, 248:86, etc., of.
(OB let.); RN u maresu istu muhhi sar mat asarsu NU KJR-ir AfO 22 5 iv 35 (Nbn.), but
GN ut-te-ki-ir-ju-nu-ti u ana sar mat GN 2 ana note: just as I nare arrdni abbeja [la ';]-na-
arditisuittadinsu he transferred RN and his ki-ru ana asrisunu uteru did not place the
sons from (their obligation toward) the king inscribed stones of my royal predecessors
of Ugarit and gave him as vassal to the elsewhere but returned them to their (original)
king of Carchemish MRS 9 80 RS 17.382+ :12; location AOB 1 136 r. 19 (Shalm. I); qaqqad
tu-ut-ta-na-kar ummdnka you always change immeri afar saknu la KUR-dr do not move
your army's position Tn.-Epic "iii" 14; ana the head of the sheep from where it lies
tuli esi tu-na-kar-id-ma iballut you change BMS 12:96; nignakka -nak-kar-ma(var. KUrR-
it (the ailing infant) to another breast and it dr-ma) uskenma he puts the censer away and
will get well Labat TDP 222:37; istu biti ana prostrates himself BBR No. 1-20:92, 192, 202,
biti KURR--s-ma iballut you transfer him (the etc., cf. salm tu-na-kar-ma riksa tapattarma
patient) into another house (or: room) and t[uskcn] BBR No. 48:2, also AMT 94,9:5; tu-
he will get well ibid. 42 r. 35, cf. 30:99; nu-uk- nak-ka-ram-ma ana sahi tuq[arrab] you re-
ki-ir ramanuk remove yourself (stay away move (the figurines) and offer them to a pig
from [... ]) Lambert BWL 178:36 (Fable of Ox Biggs Saziga 46:8; summa muhra (KUN.SAG)
and Horse), cf. mdrat SamSi raman[Sa] istu ana muhri 4-na-kir CT 40 10:21. cf. ibid.
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20, (with ibratu, parakku, etc.) ibid. 22ff. (SB g) (with manzazu) to change position
Alu); note [UR].GI, imdahhasuma IGI-ma la (said of a planet): (Jupiter) manzdssu KTR.
u-nak-kir- 6e-nu-ti dogs were fighting, he KUR-ir same ibbir CT 33 2 i 38, also (said of
saw it but did not separate(?) them LKA other planets) CT 33 3 ii 13ff. (MUL.APIN); Istar
20:13. manzassa KUR.KiR-ir ACh Istar 7:21, Supp.
34:33 and Supp. 2 49:35; DIS Dilbat [KI.GUB]-
c) (with subtu, bitu, etc.) to settle persons sa ut-ta-nak-kar Thompson Rep. 204:4; (Mars)
elsewhere: DN JSibat GN sa ina pant nakri kal satta [man]zdza ut-ta-na-kar Weidner
kubassu ana qereb GN2 -na-ak-ki-ru-ma Handbuch 77 i 25 and, wr. K1R.KUiR ibid. ii 3,
Annunitu, who dwells in Sippar and who had ut-ta-na-kar ibid. 67 ii 26; for TCL 6 51 r. 15f.
moved to Arrapha because of the enemy see lex. section.
VAB 4 276 iv 20 (Nbn.); amelu iubassu 4-na-
kar the man will move elsewhere CT 38 12. nukkuru to make into an enemy
15:42, cf. nu-kir subti KAR 376 r. 29, CT 40 (WSem. form nukkir): ina awdte PN abusu
34 r. 14, etc., also nu-kir subti u ersi CT 39 46 nu-ki-ir URU(!) upon the instigation of PN,
r. 3 (all SB Alu); marsu sudtu subassu KUcR- his father made the town into an enemy
dr-ma iballut that sick man should settle EA 132:41, also 335:10.
elsewhere and he will get well CT 31 36 r.
11 (SB ext.); matum subassa
u-na-ak-ka-ar 13. II/2 (passive) to be (physically)
RA 65 71:20' (OB ext.); ina kakki ummani removed, to be changed, countermanded -
subassa KUtR-dr Boissier DA 6:2, also CT 20 a) to be (physically) removed: MU iD GN
27 K.4069 ii 12 and dupls., mat rube subassu u-ta-ki-ru year in which the GN Canal was
KTJR-dr-ma [...] CT 31 25 Sm. 1365:8 (all SB changed JCS 9 64 No. 19:15 (OB Khafajah);
ext.); mu-nak-kir subat uRU GN he who dimtu ina usukkija ul ut-tak-ki-ru tears are
settled (the people of) GN elsewhere Lyon never removed from my cheek LKA 142:25
Sar. 5:28; bi-ti u-na-kar I am changing (SB lit.); misirsa ul ussalha kudurrasa ul
domicile (my misfortune is now your mis- ut-ta[k-k]ar her border line may not be dis-
fortune) STT 231 obv.(!) 26; for rubsu see turbed, her border marker may not be re-
4R 18* No. 6:10f., in lex. section. moved BE 1 83 ii 2 (kudurru).
b) to be changed, countermanded - 1' in

d) to reassign property: PN ana x kaspim gen.: la ut-tak-kar mimmi abanni andku
bitam ana PN, u-na-ak-ki-ir PN (the chief whatever I do will not be changed En. el. II
administrator of DN) reassigned the house to
128, III 63, 121; Smiat isimmu la ut-ta-ak-ka-
PN2 for 281 shekels of silver (and gave a
ru (Sum. [nu.kuir.r]u.[dam]) YOS 9 35 i 20
sealed sales document to PN2 ) PBS 7 117:20
(Samsuiluna), see RA 63 33.
(OB let.).
2' referring to divine commands, etc.:
e) to change a border line (iti, temennu): ina amat ilutikunu rabiti ta la ut-tak-ka-ru
parakkam sa Marduk ... uSalpitu u it a -na- Or. NS 36 128:196, of. sa amat qibitisunu la
ak-ki-ru (see lapdtu mng. 5c) CT 4 2:24 ut-ta-ak-ka-ru MDP 2 pl. 23 vi 22, sa la ut-
(OB let.); mamma la 4-na-ak-kdr-.u-nu-ti no- tak-ka-ru epis pisu PBS 1/1 17:5, BMS 12:19;
body should change them (the border lines) ina pisu Sa la ut-ta-ak-ka-ru (var. [sa] [lal na-
MRS 9 188 RS 17.292:14; aSarSa la enima la ak-ri-im) CH xliv 88 (epilogue), in pisu sa la
4-na-ak-ki-ir temenda VAB 4 98 ii 7 (Nbk.). ut-ta-ak-ka-ru CT 37 1 i 22 (Samsuiluna), sa
sit pidu la ut-tak-ka-ru VAS 1 36 i 14, [Va] la
f) to change a treatment: amma u sipta ut-tak-ka-ri sit pida BA 5 651 No. 15:28, of. 1B
la tu-na-kar do not change the (nature of the) 29 i 19 (Bamsi-Adad V); [ina an]nika kini sa la
medication (to be applied) nor the conjuration u[t-tak]-ka-ru Or. NS 36 275 r. 25; [sa la ut-
(to be recited) ZA 45 206 v 28 (Bogh. rit.). t]ak-ka-ru zikirsu BA 5 653 No. 16:22, sa la
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ut-tak-ka-ru si-qir aptiSu AKA 256 i 5 (Asn.); c) to instigate (somebody) to remove an
a qiblssu la ut-ta-ka-ru CH xlii 56 (epilogue), inscription: sa dibbi annitu u-[nak-kar A]-
also Perry Sin No. 5b: 11, Borger Esarh. 79:13, sam-ka-ar who removes or incites someone
Streck Asb. 210:7, AfO 22 4:15 (Nbn.), also da to remove these words VAS 5 143:7 (NB).
qibissu NU KTR-ru PBS 1/1 13:6, KAR 246:3, Ad mng. 12: Bohl Sprache der Amarnabriefe
etc., a NU KIUR-ru qibissu KAR 68:12; ina § 27 i.
qibitiki sirti sa la KUR-ru BMS 33 r. 36, and
passim in suilla prayers, also Maqlu I 120 and
nakaru in bel nakari s.; enemy; NB
(ABL letters only); wr. syll. and (LIT) EN
passim, ZA 43 17:59 (SB lit.); ina qibitika sirti
KITR; cf. nakaru.
sa la ut-ta-ak-ka-ra (var. it-ta-ak-ka-ra)
VAB 4 65 iii 38 (Nabopolassar), cf. 260 ii 30 (Nbn.); LU EN na-kar §a Assur-bdni-apli ar mat
exceptionally referring to the king: sa la tu- ASsur [...] la LU EN saldmini (we swear
ut-t4k-ka-ru qibitu [...] Tn.-Epic "iv" 31. that) an enemy of RN will not be a friend of
ours ABL 1105:20 (NB, treaty-text), cf. LU EN
14. III to incite to rebel, to cause enmity, KUR sa Assur-bani-apli ibid. 8 and 35; pika
to instigate (somebody) to remove an in- [u libbaka] itti EN LU.KTR-id la taskunu that
scription - a) to incite to rebel: amminim you did not conspire with my enemy ABL
imittam it[ti sumelim] tu-sa-ka-ra why do you539:15, cf. [pini] u libbani itti EN KUR-S4 [ul
incite one against the other? ARM 2 76:22; ni]ltaknu ibid. 24; LIT EN KIR-Ika (in broken
[m]dtam kalasa itti PN LUG[AL GN] 'u-a-a-ki- context) ABL 1316:2, r. 2; LU EN KUR-ka ana
ir-ma he made the entire country rebel qdteka limni may (NabiU and Marduk) deliver
against PN, the king [of GN] JCS 12 126:24 your enemy into your hands ABL 137:5, cf.
(OB Alalakh), see Draffkorn Kilmer, JCS 13 95; he LT EN KUR Sa sarri belija ibid. 13 (all NB).
made the people north and south of Assyria
side with him with strong sworn treaties nakasu v.; 1. to fell trees, to hew, to cut,
URU.URU 4-sam-kir-ma and incited rebellion to cut through, to make a breach, to rip a
in the cities 1R 29 i 43 (Samsi-Adad V); sa garment, to cut the hem of someone's gar-
ittija ana sum-ku-ri to incite (them) to rebel ment (in legal context), 2. to cut off, sever,
against me Winckler Sar. pl.44 Dvii 30, cf. gimir to cut, slit the throat, to cut, clip, notch,
Sute ... ittija 4-sam-kir-ma Lie Sar. 266, also 3. to cut dates from a tree, 4. to slaughter,
ibid. 80; matdte Saniati issisu la tu-sam-kar-a- 5. to cut off part of a field, to diminish the
ni Wiseman Treaties 245 and 312; nise mat size of real estate, 6. nukkusu (same mngs.
Aribi ittisu '-sam-kir-ma StreckAsb. 64 vii 102, as mngs. 1-3, occ. with pl. object), 7. nuk:
of. ibid. 200 iv 8 and 30 iii 105, AAA 20 86: 111; kusu to slaughter, to kill (with pl. object),
mar sipri sa Samas-suma-ukin ana su-uk-ku- 8. 11/2 to be slaughtered, 9. IV to be felled,
ru sa mdti ... ittalka ABL 754:6 and (also to be severed, to be cut off the tree (said of
in connection with lamaS-sum-ukin) ittini dates), to be slaughtered (passive to mngs.
[?-sa-a]m-kir-u ABL 1274:16 (both NB). 1-4); from OAkk. on; I ikkis - inakkis -
nakis, imp. ikis, 1/2, 1/3, II, 11/2, IV; wr.
b) to cause enmity: ana matdti suubi syll. and KVD; cf. makkastu, makkasu,
suddi Ju-uk-ku-ri sutamhusi to resettle and nakisu, naksu, naksu, niksu, nukasatu,
devastate countries, to cause enmity and nukkusu.
provoke mutual slaughter KAR 19 obv.(!) 9,
ku-ud (var. [g]u-tu) KUD = na-ka-su Idu II 277,
see Or. NS 23 210; he who ana sum-ku-ri
also Izi D iii 28; ku-u KUD = na-ka-su, pa-ra-su
mat Elamti illiku went to turn Elam hostile A III/5:52f.; kud = na-ka-su Antagal D 55;
Streck Asb. 62 vii 50; you have brought about ku-ud KUD = na-ka-[su] A 111/5:70; ku-u KUD =
hatred between the Igigi and the Anunnaki na-ka-su id uzu A IU/5: 33, ku-rd KUD = na-ka-su
A III/5:100; ta-ar KUD = na-[cka-8u-um] MSL 2
[...] ZU.AB tu-am-ka-ra malma[lis] you stir
137 d 6 (Proto-Ea); ku-6 KUD = [n]a-[kal-su-um
up enmity [in heaven(?)] as well as in the MSL 3 220 G6 iii 9'; kud.da = [MIN (= la-pa-tu)
nether world Lambert BWL 170:32. Ad na.a-si] Antagal VIII 124, Nabnitu G1 97.
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nakasu la nakasu la
a-
[da-ar] [DAR] = na-ka-su A 11/6:120; [PAJInal-[k] ana sarri ul a-na-ak-ki-is u si isse i-na-ak-
suIB Proto-Lu 179; sa-ab AAB -= na-ka-su Diri V
ki-is [...] so far I have not been cutting
61, cf. Proto-Diri 269; kud, sMAA.AN (var. PA)
na-ka-su (var. na-ka-du) sd vz Nabnitu J 301f.; trees for the king, but he cuts trees [... ]
Mab = MIN 9d GIS, he-erSAxA, surAxA -= MIN TTUG ibid. 28: 10f. (both MB letters); isse [... ] ak-ki-
ibid. 303ff.; [ AxA] = na-ka-su sd uzu Antagal D b su-u-ni (in broken context) ABL 87 r. 3 (NA).
22; [x].x.SAxu+ A = MIN (= na-ka-su) Ad si-i-ri
Antagal D 56; su-u TAO = na-ka-su, Ad-ra-mu
A V/1:246f.; gu-ru-us TAG = na-ka-su ibid. 248; 2' referring to specific kinds of trees:
l .a .PA.TACG = sa i-ib-ba-una-ak-su OB Lu B v 54; GIS.MA.HT.A sa kiri sa GN a saddaqdim ak-ki-
tu-ug, ki-id IM.KAD = na-ka-su Diri IV 142. 147; sa-am-ma the fig trees from the orchard at
ku 5 .ku 5 .ru = na-ka-su, nu-uk-ku-su Izi D iii 24, 27. ON which I cut down last year A 353:l:17 (OB
gis.ha.lu.ub har.ra.na nam mi.ni.in.
kud.da.a.ni : huluppa ia Iharranu ik-ki-su /
let.); 2 GIS.MES s asggu SA sa kiri la it-ta-ki-
dupranu iz-zu-ru (see nazdru lex. section) Studies is-sic-nu-ti (I swear that) he cut down two
Albright 344:13. ,asugu trees inside the orchard HSS 9 7:7,
ka-pa-ru, ari = na-ka-su Malku 1V 131f., also cf. ibid. 18, also [... ] NAM.LU.LU.MES [sandtu
An VIII 170f.; pa-ra-hu = na-ka-su CT 18 10 r. i 55.
sa] ina isse [sa i]k-ki-su andku edesunti
KvD // na-ka-su 5R 39 No. 4:3; vr, // na-ka-su //
SAB // na-ka-su Hunger Uruk 49:25; ITT.DUv // (I swear that) I do not know of any other
tas-ri-tum // a-na UGC u //na-ka-su CT 41 39 r. 10 men who cut down the trees ibid. 21, also ibid.
(iqqur ipuA comm.); v u-lab-bak u i-nak-kis 9 (Nuzi); summa karanisunu nenu na-ak-
BRM 4 32:33 (med. comm.); ta-ba-hu na-ka-su ki-is-mi u summa LTU.MES sa karanisunu ik-
pa-ra-su CT 31 48 r. 17 (ext. comm.), see mng. 2d.
ki-s'l nidemi (we swear that) we did not cut
1. to fell trees, to hew, to cut, to cut down their vines and we do not know the men
through, to make a breach, to rip a garment, who cut down their vines MRS 9 162 RS
to cut the hem of someone's garment (in 17.341:9ff., cf. kardni it-tdk-si-mii ibid. 8, also
legal context) - a) to fell trees - 1' in gen.: Ugaritica 5 27: 37; [lam] etlu ill anana-kas bini
a .. . . arrum mammnman ... KUl GIS.ERIN U before man went to cut down the tamarisk
(;rs._r dsadi rabitim la ikud u n issiunu la Maqlu VI 50; i-kis mesa ha.surra u supalu STT'
ik-ki-su that no king (of Mari) had ever 28 ii 26 (Nergal and Ereskigal), see AnSt 10 112;
reached the cedar-mountain and the taskaz , -ru-mi isseadi lu ak-ki-is I cut down uru=
rinnu mountain, high mountains, or had ever mu's, trees of the mountains AKA 65 iv 68
felled their trees Syria 32 13 ii 2 (Jahdunlim); (Tigl. I); mehri unu ak-ki-is-ma assd I cut
,umma awilumn balum bel kirim ina kiri awilim down their fir trees and carried them away
isam ik-ki-is if a man fells a tree in another KAH 2 83 r. 9 var. (Adn. II); [gisimmaresu]ak-
man's orchard without (permission of) the kis I cut down his date palms Lie Sar. 62: 10;
owner of the orchard C(H § 59:7; 2 issija lu 20 lu 30 GIS [... ] mala ibassd li-ik-ki-su-nim
ik-ki-is-ma ana PN iddin he felled two of my let them cut down twenty or thirty [....]
trees and gave them to PN MDP 24 390:3, also trees, as many as are available ARM 1 98:17;
6 and 9; ana ... isim la na-ka-si not to ereni danntti .. . ina qdteja elleti ak-ki-sa
fell a tree VAS 13 100a:9; ana 1 GIS sikiltim I cut down huge cedars with my pure hands
sa na-ak-sa-at awilam bel pihatim ul uballat VAB 4 152 iv 8, also ibid. 158 vi 18, 194 ii 5, PBS
for (even) a single fraudulently appropriated 15 79 i 44 (all Nbk.); alum sa ana lawfun
tree which was cut down, I will not let the man tallaku gisimmarsu t[a-na-ak-ki]-sa-am-ma
responsible stay alive OECT 3 33:13 (all OB); you will cut down the date palms of the
see also TCL 7 20:22, cited mng. 9a; issi ina city which you go to besiege YOS 10 41:74
q[itim] ak-ki-is-ma edakkam usallil I cut (OBext.); summa ina kiri libbi dli gisimmara
trees in the forest and roofed the side wing of ik-ki-[is] if he cuts down a date palm in an
the house ARMT 13 140:7; PN gave me an orchard within the city CT 40 45 K.12810:3;
ax and isa ana na-qa-si istapranni sent me summa gisimmara sapli tak-ki-is-ma damsi
to cut down a tree HSS 5 47:14 (Nuzi), cf. iqqi if when you cut a date palm near the
ise ana na-ka-si PBS 1/2 63:31; adina isse bottom it oozes blood CT 41 19 r. 12 (both SB
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nakiisu lb nakasu lb
Alu); summa gidimmara KUD-is if he cuts (a tree in) the garden KAR 33:4; haftam a
down a date palm (in his dream) Dream-book ak-ki-sa-am-ma ... iimtasga he took by force
329:57; ina GIS.AB.BA.HI.A sa i-na-ak-ki-su the poles which I had cut VAS 16 157:16, cf.
i.sam sa ina qistisu mitu la i-na-ak-ki-su isam 27; atta warkdnu i-ki-is-ma rib later on,
warqamma li-ik-ki-su among the kudabku cut (the beams) personally and replace them
trees which they are going to cut down, they TLB 4 27:29 (OB let.); 1 makkasum ... ana
must not cut down any tree which was GIS.UR.GISIMMAR.HI.A na-ka-si-im one adze(?)
(already) dead in the forest, they should fell to hew beams of date palm wood YOS 13
only green trees LIH 72:19-22, cf. ibid. 12 76:4 (OB); GIS.ERIN ki masi li-ik-ki-si-nim
and 22, cf. PA taskarinnisa ina Nisanni KUD how much of the cedar beam should they cut?
a twig of boxwood which was cut in Nisannu MKT 1 368 VAT 8522 i 6, cf. ibid. 8, 8a (OB);
KocherBAM 12:11. (a poplar) sa kisra la sassgu wood sa ia M.I16.KAM PN ik-ki-is-
nadu ... ina Abi KUD-SU which has no su 15 10 ina ammati arkat which PN had cut
knotholes, which was cut in the month of Abu in the 16th year, 15 (of them) ten cubits long
(ppenheim Glass p. 32 A 11 and B 12. PBS 2/2 69:2 (MB); gu.iure sa ereni ... ak-
ki-is adss I cut beams of cedar and carried
3' to cut down orchards: the people of
them away AfO 18 344:18, also, wr. ak-ki-es
GN ki-re-ti-ia ik-ki-su ARM 2 33 r. 7'; m it:
ibid. 350:26, sa ... ak-ki-su-4u-ni AfO 18
husi ina libbi abullisu askun kiratesu a-kis
352:60, KAH 2 67:4 (all Tigl. I); guSiire ereni
I fought a battle in his gate, I cut down his
surmeni daprdni a-kis I cut beams of cedar,
orchards AKA 379 iii 109 (Asn.); ina GN dl
,arrutisu esirsu
kiratesu ak-kis I confined
cypress, and juniper
89;
AKA 170 r. 4, also 373 iii
guslre sa mehri a-ki-si I cut beams of
him in Damascus, his royal city, and cut
fir AKA 374 iii 91 (all Asn.); anasade Ham'ni
down his orchards Iraq 24 94:26, also 3R 8
eli ga-su-ri ereni burdse ak-kis I went to the
ii 68, WO 2 38 iv 3, 414:4 (all Shalm. III); kire
Amanus range and cut beams of cedar and
musukkanni sa teh durisu a-kis-ma I cut
juniper 3R 7 ii 9, also, wr. a-kis Iraq 25
down the groves of musukkannu trees adja-
52:22, WO 1 5i 16, 458:44, 468:15, wr. a-ki-si
cent to his city wall Rost Tigl. III p. 60:24,
WO 2 28:28, 36:40, 40:18, and passim in Shaln.
cf. kiratesu [... ] .,ippatesa niba la is4 ak-kis-
Ill; guisre ereni ... sa ina miteq girria
ma ibid. p. 34:204; kirdtesunu ak-kis-ma
ak-ki-su elisu usallil I roofed it with beams
qisdtisunu ak-sit I cut down their orchards,
of cedar which I had cut down in the course
I felled their forests TCL 3 296, also 276,
of my campaign Borger Esarh. 87:22; /aris
qisdtisu ... ak-kis-ma ibid. 266, 303 (Sar.);
mama LU na-ki-su-le t'-s[e]-ra-da ina libbi
nakru kireja i-na-ak-[ki-is] the enemy will
i-na-ki-su later, you will send cutters down-
cut down my orchards (with ikkis in the
stream, and they will cut (beams) there
prof., see mng. Ic) KAR 454 r. 11 (ext.); ki ABL 484:12, cf. ibid. r. 6, 9, also guisur ...
la zdqip sippdti ana na-ka-si (var. KUD-si) ul
i-ti-ki-si ABL 705 r. 5; bite GIS.SU.A.MES bite
umdiq like one who has never planted an
gusuri ibassini i-na-ki-su wherever there are
orchard, I do not hesitate to cut it down Cagni
... -trees, wherever there are beams, they
Erra V 9; makkalti kirdti u akkull la na-
will cut them ABL 507 r. 7 (all NA); malasu isd
ka-si (see *makkastu) BBSt. No. 6 i 60 (Nbk. I).
ikkaru ina papallija i-ta-ke-es all he has, the
b) to hew timber, beams, to cut branches, farmer has cut from my (the tamarisk's)
to cut reeds: paris a suppd 5 sussi ik-sa-am branch Lambert BWL 158:12; istu gusuri
cut three hundred punting poles of (the NIG.LA KUD-is (see simdu A mng. 3) KAR 177
length of) one subban each CT 46 16 iv 12 (OB ii 5, also 3 and 8 (hemer.), also Labat Calendrior
Clilg.), see ZA 58 190; 2 GI merta damqutim §§ 26-28, p. 222:6 f., 236 ii 5f., 238: 11ff.; supidte
4'f-<su>-uq-ma i-ki-is-ma select two fine poles ittasah ,anidle issabat simittu it-ti-kis u
and cut them TLB 4 33:29; hatla istu kiri ,pasiru... . nappdh hIurdsi ina muhi ussdib
i-na-ki-su-u-,'i they cut a branch from he tore out the .... -s, took others, cut
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nakasu Ic nakasu le
through the .... , and had the goldsmith exta: summa ... sepu saknatma paddna
work on the table ABL 951:9 (NA); e'ra ik-ki-is if there is a "foot-mark" and it cuts
talappatma ina qulmi KUD-is you touch the through the "path" KAR 454 r. 3, 5, also la
eru wood (with a gold ax and a silver saw) ik-ki-is r. 4, sibta i k- ki-is r. 11; sa bdbi sudtu
and cut it with an ax BBR No. 46 i 13, also ... amaS u Adad igqb petdau ina semeuma
AAA 22 44 ii 16; PN equ sa bit ilanisu sa SAG igdra an-da-ak-kis-ma Samas and Adad
URU Sidini i-ti-kis m ana Surri lantuh ... commanded that this gate open (toward the
equ sa i-k[i-s]u--ni ina sep Jade haniqi PN east), when I heard that, I cut through the
cut down the equ of his temple outside Sidon, wall OIP 2 145:15 (Senn.), cf. E.SIG4 ina na-
saying, "I will take it to Tyre," the equ ka-si RA 14 178:7, cf. also ibid. 2, 6 (SB rit.);
which he cut down is .... at the foot of the niksu ni-ik-ki-si-ma ultu bit kili nus'i let us
mountain Iraq 17 130 No. 13:11 and 14 (NA); make a breach (through the wall) and get
x 0IS parsigu ik-ki-si issinim ... GIs hinnu out of the prison YOS 7 97:8, 17; ina mubhi
ik-ki-si UET 5 468:37 and 39 (OB); ana s, ri beti ., . nik-su ina libbi ni-ki-si sdbe ina libbi
na-ka-si uqterrib he went to cut reeds BE 17 nuserrab let us make a breach into the house
23:13, of. PBS 1/2 57:19 (MB letters). and bring in the troops through it ABL
222:14, also 460 r. 9; ina miisi ni-ik-su ana bit
c) to cut through mountains, fields, dikes, PN ... ki ni-ik-ki-su ki nirubu when, at
bridges, walls, to make a breach: add ina night, we cut a hole in PN's house and entered
kalabbdte parzilli a-kis (var. ak-kis) I cut it AnOr 8 27:9 (all NB); sar-ru-ti sa kar sa
through the mountain with iron axes AKA 331 GN ik-ki-su-ma SE.BAR imsu'u they cut into
ii 96, also AKA 230 r. 12, 322 ii 76 (Asn.); alum the piles of grain in the storage area in GN
sa ana lawi[su] tallaku ana panika gisram and stole barley (cf. mng. 6i) Aro, WZ.J 8 565
i-na-ki-sa-[am-ma] ittassiakkum the (troops HS 108:35, cf. ibid. 31 (MB let.).
of the) city you go to besiege will cut the
d) to rip a garment: mdmit nahlapta na-
bridge in front of you and come out to attack
ka-su the "oath" by ripping a cloak Surpu
you YOS 1041:41, also ibid. 39; summa nru
VIII 62; summa amelu ... subdssu KUD-is
mila issima ina qablisa it-ta-ki-is // it-ta-hi-is
if a man rips his garment CT 39 38 r. 7 (SB
if a river brings the (usual) flood and it is cut
Alu); ina lubdri sa TUG akkadite TIG.GADA
off, variant: recedes from, its middle CT 39
... kima tuhalli ik-sa ana muhhija sebilani
20:135 (SB Alu); ana wdsib GN sepam istu GN
from the clothing made of Babylonian fabric
adi GN 2 li-ki-su-ma as for the inhabitants of
cut (a piece of) linen for mats and send it
GN, they should cut the access from GN to
to me KAV 100:25 (MA).
GN2 ARM 4 38 r. 7', cf. ana dspim na-ka-
si-im ARM 14 86:27; harrdnu a dimat GN e) to cut the hem of someone's garment
,inisu ik-ki-is the road to the district of (in legal context): if rPN bears a son and
GN cuts (the field) into two parts RA 23 PN2 (the adopted son who married her)
159 No. 69:8, also HSS 9 27:7, HSS 13 380:5, assata [sa]nita ileqqe qannasu [i-na-a]k-ki-su
cf. KASKAL-ni dimti sa ina GN illaku sinisu ina biti sa [...] PN [...] (still) takes
i-ta-ki-s JEN 85:13 (coll.), cf. HSS 9 100:5; another wife, they will cut the hem of his
ina atappi na-ki-is (the field) is cut through garments and PN2 [will leave] the house of
by a small canal HSS 9 98:11, cf. JEN 226:20; [the adoptive father] HSS 19 51:19 (Nuzi),
eqlu udsu a ... girri sa GN ik-ki-si that note (in same context, by confusion of nakdsu
field which the road to GN cuts through and nas/sdku): qannau i-na-sak-ma ussi
JEN 659:32, of. HSS 5 39:10, HSS 9 100:5, HSS 5 67:42, also (always referring to a
JENu 625:7; misru Sa eqliti ddsunu i-ki-is-mi woman who remarries) qannasu i-na-ds-sa-
u me ... mudsir cut through the border ak-ma u ussi HSS 19 7:47, wr. [il-na-asg-a-ak
(dike) of these fields and irrigate them ibid. 6:23, i-n[a-a-s]a-a[k] ibid. 2:63, i-na-
HSS 14 31:11 (all Nuzi); note referring to the a-,d-ak ibid. 19:54.
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nakasu 2a nakisu 2b
2. to cut off, sever (someone's head, hand, KUD-iS a robber will cut off a head TCL 6
ear, nose, tongue), to cut, slit the throat, to 9:21, ACh Sin 4:13; qaqqassu KUD-ma uSba'd
cut, clip, notch (a part of the body, the mdta qaqqad abni KUD-SU ... kima sudti qaq
exta) - a) to cut off someone's head - qassu KUD-i8 eli qaqqad abni Sdsu usastirma
1' in hist.: mundahsisdu a PN ina seri adiik (the royal police) cut off his (the criminal's)
qaqqadatisunu KUD-i8 I defeated PN's head and sent it throughout the land, they
warriors in battle and cut off their heads also cut off a head of stone, and he had an
AKA 320 ii 71, also 301 ii 19 (Asn.); kima nini inscription written on that stone head: In
ultu qereb tamti abarsuma ak-ki-sa qaqqassu like manner his head (that of a man who is
I caught him like a fish out of the sea and guilty of breach of contract) will be cut off
cut off his head Borger Esarh. 48 ii 74, 50 iii Iraq 27 5 iii 6ff. (NB lit.); bel arnim ina nepa
31, also 86 § 57:3; i-nak(var. -na-ak)-ki-su-u rim lidi kuma qaqqassu li-ik-ki-su-ma let
qaqqad sar mat Elamti qereb matisu ina puhur them kill a criminal in the prison and cut off
ummanatesu does one cut off the head of his head (and show it around in the village)
the king of Elam in his own land, when all ARM 2 48:16; assum gaqqad PN nakir belija
his troops are gathered around him? Streck a-ki-su-ma ana sir
belija usabilu because I
Asb. 34 iv 16; ak-kis qaqqad RN sarrisunu cut off the head of PN, an enemy of my lord,
I cut off the head of Teumman, their king and had it sent to my lord ARM 2 33 r. 5;
ibid. 26 iii 36, also 42 iv 135, 62 vii 47; ana na- anumma ikassadakku arhis arhis u i-na-ak-
kas qaqqad ramenisu mar mat Assur isassi ki-is qaqqad ajbe sa Sarri now he will come
he calls an Assyrian to cut off his own head to you very quickly, and he will cut off the
ibid. 326:28, also 314 8 3; DN ... ja ina heads of the king's enemies RA 19 105:20 (=
gibitisa rabiti ina qitrub tahazi KUD-su (var. EA 367, let. from Egypt); usur qaqqadka lu la
ik-ki-su) qaqqad RN sar GN Ninlil, at whose i-na-ak-ki-si take care that they do not cut
great command (Assurbanipal) cut off the off your head HSS 14 14:27 (Nuzi); sa us-
head of Teumman, king of Elam, in the pa-ah-hu qaqqassu i-na-ak-ki-si they will
midst of the battle ibid. 274:4, also ibid. cut off the head of whoever exchanges (the
272:5; na-kis qaqqad RN who cut off the head seal) Guterbock Siegel 1 49, also Balkan Schen-
of Teumman Bauer Asb. 77:21; ina [Tasritil kungsurkunde 43:21; SAG.DU-ZU I-NA-AK-KI-ZU
qaqqadu sa sarri sa GN na-kis-ma ana mat Friedrich Gesetze p. 76:14 (§ 173); [qaqqa]ssu it-
Assur nasi in the month of Tasritu the head ta-ki-i[s] (corr. to Hitt. SAG.DU-ZU ku-e-er-Au-
of the king of Sidon was cut off and brought un KBo 10 2 ii 46) KBo 10 1:47 (Hattusili bil.);
to Assyria BHT pl. 1:14, also, wr. KUD-is-ma surdru qaqqassu KUD-is you cut off the head
CT 34 48 iv 7f. (Bab. Chron.). of a lizard RA 15 76:14 (med.), also ibid. 18, AMT
91,5:2, (of an issugr hurri) Biggs gaziga 54 KUB
2' in other texts: uqeddidassimma istu 4 48 i 12; qaqqad immeri KUD-is-ma you cut
kussi ana qaqqari qaqqassa ana na-ka-si he off the sheep's head BBR No. 84:6.
bent her down from the throne to the ground
to cut off her head EA 357:79 (Nergal and Eres- b) to cut off someone's hand, ear, nose,
kigal); tillatusu issappahu u qaqqad PN finger, breast, to cut out the tongue - 1'
i-na-ki-su-ma sapal sep belija isakkanu his as punishment: summa marum abaSu imtahas
army will be dispersed, and they will cut off rittasui-na-ak-ki-su if a son strikes his father,
Igme-Dagan's head and place it under my they will cut off his hand CH § 195:44, of. §
lord's foot ARM 10 4:25; UD.9.KAM qaqqassu 218:83, 253:82, cf. also rittigallabimsudti i-na-
ik-ki-[su] on the ninth day they(?) cut off ak-ki-su § 226:42; summa warad awilim lIt mr
his head LKA 73 r. 17; KUD-a8 qaqqad amli awilim imtahas uzundu i-na-ak-ki-su ifa man's
cutting off of that man's head (apod.) slave slaps a (free) man's cheek, they will cut
KAR 423 iii 34, also CT 30 21 r. 8, CT 28 45:7, off his ear CH § 205:3, also § 282: 102, 1 uzandu
AfO 22 60:24 (all SB ext.); habbdtu qaqqada i-na-ki-su they will cut off one of his ears
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nakaisu 2c nakasu 2d
AfO 17 287:104 (MA harem edicts); summa ... Lambert BWL 194 r. 14, cf. KAR 252 iv 8; lem
ul abi atta ul ummi atti iqtabi lisdnsu i-na-akna na-ki-is napisti asakkan ina r[e]si[te](?)
ki-su if (the son) says, "You are not my I will place in high rank the criminal, the
father, you are not my mother," they will cutthroat Cagni Erra IIIa 8; napistasu a-na-
cut out his tongue CH § 192:9, cf. iniunu kis-ma ni-kis-su atarras I will cut his throat
lilputuma [...] ... uluma li-sa-na-su-nu [li- and .... the cut Cagni Erra IIb 24; ki Sa
ik-ki-su-ma aw]assunu la ussi ARM 14 78 seru sikki ... ina muhhi na-kas napsdte a
r. I '; sa ibbalakkatu rittasu u lisdnsu ahe'iS idabbabuni attunu sinnisdtekunu ...
i-na-ki-s'u they will cut off hand and ina muhhi [n]a-kas napsate sa ahe'is dubba
tongue of the person who violates (the just as a snake and a mongoose think about
agreement) MDP 23 212 r. 10, 214 r. 5, 233:10, cutting each other's throats, may you and
229:22, 240: 37, and passim in contracts from Susa; your wives think about cutting each others'
note, wr. ri-[ta]it KA.MA BAR-is MDP 18 215:15; throats Wiseman Treaties 557, 559; usuh
1 ubansu i-na-ak-ki-su they will cut off one of mimma lemnu sa ana na-kas napistijaDU-z[u]
his fingers KAV 2 iv 17 (Ass. Code B § 8), also eradicate every evil which is ready to cut off
KAV 1 i 80 (A § 8), 92, 96 (§ 9); summa appa my life BMS 50:23, also AMT 97,1:23, KAR
5a asitisu i-na-ki-es if he cuts off his wife's 92 r. 28, LKA 70 ii 22, cf. ana ZIKKUD-si KAR
nose KAV 1 ii 53 (Ass. Code § 15); bel Surqi 80 r. 4, also ina mimma lemni na-ki-is napisti
ilaqqei u appasa i-na-ak-ki-is the owner of IM 67692:303 (tamitu, courtesy W. G. Lam-
the stolen property may take her and cut bert); kassdptu ana na-kas napistisu ishtursu
off her nose ibid. i 69 (§ 5), cf. ibid. viii 55 the witch sought him to cut off his life
(§ 57), AfO 12 54 r. ii 8 (Text 0); appasu Sa BRM 4 18:10, see AfO 16 72, cf. ana na-kca-as
isnissu ak-kis I cut off its (a statue's) nose napi[sti] ul umaq (Sum. broken) Lambert
which was mocking Streck Asb. 214 No. 12 iii BWL 268 iii 3; UD.X.KAM sa ... be-lum kisdd
tl; tulta i-na-ak-ki-su they will cut off Anim ik-ki-su-m[a] on the xth day, when
her (the nurse's) breast CH § 194:40; [... ]- Bel cut Anu's throat LKA 73:13; 7 dpil
su-nu i-na-ki-s4 they will cut off their (the kimiija 8 sa tametija i-tik-is i-tik-kis-ma
litigants') [... ] MRS 6 98 RS 16.249:34. KAR 61 r. 24, see Biggs Saziga 73; see also
zikurudd.
2' other occs.: summa awilum appi
awilim iSuukma it-ta-ki-is(var.-is) if a man 2' in transferred mng.: sinnistu patar
bites the nose of (another) man and (thereby) parzilli selu §a ta-na-ki-su (var. ik-ki-su)
severs it Goetze LE § 42 A iii 32, B iii 17, cf. kisdd etli a woman is a sharp iron sword
.,umma ubdn awilim it-ta-ki-is(var. -is) ibid. which cuts man's throat Lambert BWL
A iii 35, B iii 21. 146:52; note in 1/3: inaITI.3.KAM tagda[mar]
napisti ta-ta-ak-ki-is you consumed (all the
c) to cut, slit the throat - 1' in gen.:
barley) within three months, (by this) you
DN napistasu li-ki-is may Bunene cut his
have cut my throat TLB 4 38:21 (OB let.),
throat Syria 32 17 v 30 (.Tahdunlim); unni
cf. napisti ta-ta-ak-[sal TIM 2 152:36.
nisu aj imniuru hantis lik-ki-sa napSassu
let him (his captor) not accept his petition d) to cut, clip, notch (a part of the body,
(for life), let him cut his throat immediately the exta): Summa uban imittisu KUD-iS if a
BBSt. No. 6 ii 57; lemna Anza i-kis napsassu finger of his (the exorcist's) right hand has a
cut the throat of the evil Anzf RA 46 30:21, cut(?) Labat TDP 16:82; summa awilum
also ibid. 38:21 and dupl. STT 21:21, 117; alpam igurma ... zibbassu it-ta-ki-is if a
napsite sa DN it-[... ] i-na-ak-ki-su they will man hires an ox and cuts its tail CH § 248:31,
cut the throat of the one who has [.. .] Asiur cf. labiansuit-ta-ki-is ibid. § 246:18; [summa
AfO 17 279:58 (MA harem edicts); atta . . . i]zbu kisdssu na-ki-[is] if the newborn's neck
epi lemnti na-ki-su napisti tappuis you are is cut Leichty Izbu VII 78; summa appi
an evildoer who cuts the throat of his friend liSdnim na-ki-is if the tip of the tongue is cut
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nakasu 3 nakasu 4a
off (description of a sacrificial lamb) YOS 10 will cut (the dates) and give him the crop," if
52 ii 34, dupl. 51 ii 35 (OB ext.), cf. appisunu he (PN) does not give (a receipt), PN will give
.,a uzne na-ak-si (sheep) the tips of whose to Eanna whatever (dates) he has cut (in) the
ears are clipped HSS 5 15:17, cf. also uznu field AnOr 8 31:7 and 13 (NB); exceptionally
ZAG-<U appau na-ki-is HSS 16 327:5; note: referring to barley and straw: sundu SE.MES
a horse uzunsu sa sumeli appasu na-si-ik i-na-ak-ki-su when they cut the barley (in
the tip of its left ear has been clipped HSS 15 date formula) SMN 2591:43 (Nuzi); U pu-e
104:8, also HSS 16 252:5 (all Nuzi); summa a-na-kis I will cut straw(?) (as fodder for the
inartum ina qablisa na-ak-sa-at if the gall horses) ABL 757:12 (NA, coll. K. Deller).
bladder has a cut in the middle YOS 10 31 v 33,
xii 16; summa kisir libbim na-ki-is YOS 10 4. to slaughter - a) animals: summa
42 i 35 (both OB ext.); summa kunuk imitti immeru istu KUD-SU if the sheep, when it is
... panusu tabhu ... pansu nak-su Sanis slaughtered (for extispicy) CT 31 32 r. 4, and
parsu CT 31 48 r. 18 (SB ext.), for comm., see lex. passim in this text; anna taqabbima sarru UD
section; summa tzranu imitta KUD.MES if the pu-uh(?) KUD.MES-ma you recite this and
intestines are cut off on the right Boissier then the king slaughters(?) a sheep as sub-
Choix 89:5-11. stitute PBS 1/2 106 r. 26; immera sdma //arqa
ana pan DN ... KUD-is-ma you slaughter a
3. to cut dates from a tree: 100 GUR red, variant: yellow, sheep before IHum
suluppi sa PN ina muhhi ID bitqa sa PN2 Or. NS 40 141:30 (namburbi), cf. enza arqa
ik-ki-su one hundred gur of dates which PN ana pan Gula KUD-is you slaughter a yellow
cut at PN 2 's sluice canal TCL ]2 68:4; suf goat before Gula ibid. 143 r. 34, also ibid. 17;
lupplu a PN u PN2 ik-ki-su-' the dates which ana [DN] immera KUD-is-ma you slaughter
PN and PN, cut BRM 1 63:5, cf. Cyr. 331:8, a sheep for DN BBR No. 43:9; pujhada KUD-i8
TuM 2-3 199:6, VAS 6 130:9; PN ... sa suluppi you slaughter a lamb 4R 25 ii 19, RA 18 28
... ik-ki-su PN, who cut the dates BIN 1 r. 7 (SBrit.); MAS.GAL burruqa ina pan MUL.
113:5; also YOS 7 109:8; 40 GUR suluppU . .. MUL KUD-is-ma you slaughter a .... goat be-
PN ana PN 2 ukallamma PN, i-ne-ki-su PN will fore the Pleiades Or. NS 40 142 r. 6 (namburbi),
show PN2 forty gur of dates, and PN2 will cut also BBR No. 26 ii 1, TCL 6 34 i 3; pan DN .. .
them off Dar. 272:9; suluppi ina muhhi sahda ta-na-ki-[is] you slaughter a pig before
mangaga immissuma i-nak-as he (the lessor) Samas AMT 87,2:4, cf. SAH.TUR KUD-iS
will impose on him (the lessee) the tax on ZA 16 196:6; puhdddni inakkisu they
(the estimated yield of) dates when they are slaughter lambs (for extispicy) Iraq 34 22:20
still on the spathes and he (the lessee) will cut (NA let.); nig UD.UD ikabra KUD-is you
them BE 9 99:10, sec Landsberger Date Palm slaughter a pure, fat sacrificial animal
46 n. 158, also PBS 2/1 215:9; uhinnu ina muhhi BMS 40:9; gu-ma-hu KUD-is-ma you slaughter
gisimmnari immissuma i-nak-ki-is YOS 7 a fine bull KAR 50 r. 9, see RAce. 24; ana muhs
1 2:15; A.A ul ak-ki-is u suluppisu ul assi ki hi na-ka-sa sa alpi u immeri (he recites the
suluppi ik-ki-su 1 adi 30 ana DN inandin blessing) at the slaughtering of the ox and
VOS 6 204: 6f.; note suluppi ana makkasu the sheep RAcc. 64 r. 11; na-ak-su-me alpeja
qibima lulliluma ana DN li-ik-ki-su-' give u duppuruni they have slaughtered my oxen
orders that they clean the sacrificial dates and have expelled me EA 248:15; immera ul
and offer them to Nabui CT 22 237:13, see i-na-ki-si they will not slaughter a sheep
Landsbrger Date Palm 54; A.§A.ME§ ... sa PN PBS 2/2 51:16 (MB); 9 urisi ina libbisunu 5
iqb4i umma PN ... immidannima a-nak-kis- uris la na-ak-sd nine goats, of them five
ma ebura anandasiu ... k la iddinu A.AA goats have not been slaughtered HSS 16
mala PN ik-ki-su ana Eanna inandin a field 248:11; PN Sa iltit lahra da kakkabtu sendetu
about which PN said as follows, "PN will sa PN2 u PN 3 ... ik-ki-su-' PN, who slaugh-
impose on me the tax (on the dates), and I tered one ewe which was marked with a star
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nakasu 4b nakasu 6b
as belonging to PN2 and PN, YOS 7 111:7, from the field HSS 9 98:31, also HSS 14 604:24;
also 5 and 14, of. YOS 6 137:8, 156:8, 12, 17, eqlu anni ina libbi eqleti sa PN na-ki-is this
cf. also U8g.4.A ... la ta-nak-kis YOS 7 field was cut off from PN's fields HSS 5 14:14.
128:17, it-ta-kis BIN 1 37:24; alpu Sa PN
6. nukkusu (same mngs. as mngs. 1-3, occ.
PN2 u PN 3 ina sartu ik-ki-su-' an ox which
with pl. object) - a) to cut off heads: qaqf
PN, PN 2 , and PN3 slaughtered unlawfully
qadatedunu kima zirqi 4-ne-ki-is I cut off their
YOS 6 184:4, also 12; Sa ... urisa u UZ.TvR.
heads like (those of) sheep AKA 79 vi 6, qaq:
MUSEN [...] ik-ki-is who slaughtered a goat
qadatesunulu-na-ki-sa AKA 37 i 81 (both Tigl. I);
and a [...] duck YOS 6 108:10 (all NB).
mundahsisunu ina kakke uamqit qaqqaddtef
b) persons: ina tarbasi it-ta-ki-is Namtara sunu i-na-kis I defeated his warriors in battle,
he killed Namtaru in the courtyard EA 357:74 I cut off their heads AKA 378 iii 106, also, wr.
(Nergal and EreSkigal); LP.SU.GI U TUR ina KUD-iS (var. 4-ne-kis) ibid. 233 r. 25, 276 i
kakki [... rab]d(?) u sehra ik-ki-is he 64, 336 ii 108 (all Asn.); qaqqadati muqtablisu
[killed(?)] the old and the young with his u-na-kis I cut off the heads of his warriors
weapon, he slaughtered old and young 3R 8 ii 73 (Shalm. III); mundahsisu ... kima
MVAG 21 80:13 (Kedorlaomer text); li-ik-ki-su asli utabbihma qaqqaddtesunu 4-nak-kis I
da-a-nu li-du-ku [...] Lambert BWL 196:12 slaughtered his warriors like sheep and cut off
(fable); exceptional: hametu anzizu ittadddi their heads TCL 3 136 (Sar.); ina Tasriti
bireti ina put eqli ina bab hurri piazi n[a]-ku- qaqqad RN ina Addari qaqqad RN2 ina istet
u-sa na-kis the spider threw the sand wasp Satti u-nak-ki-is-ma in the month of Tasritu
into fetters, and on the edge of the field at the head of Abdi-Milkutti, in the month of
the entrance to a mouse's hole he was cut Addaru the head of Sanduarri, within one
into pieces Lambert BWL 220:22; in figurative year I cut (both) off Borger Esarh. 50 iii 34;
use: SE.BAR ana nase iddinma ik-kis-an-ni KUD.MES qaqqaddt ummanija beheading of
he let the barley be carried away and thus my troops CT 31 34:4, of. BRM 4 12:80 (SB
killed me UET 4 190:28 (NB let.). ext.).
5. to cut off part of a field, to diminish b) to cut off parts of the body: a'ilu sa
the size of real estate (Nuzi): summa eqlu assitisu uznisa u-na-ak-ka-di the man will cut
rabi la i-na-ak-ki-is summa seheru la uradda off his wife's ears KAV 1 i 52 (Ass. Code § 4), 65
if the field is larger (than described), he shall (§ 5), cf. ibid. 54; sa urdi u amti appisunu
not diminish it, if it is smaller, he shall not uznisunu -na-ak-ku-su they will cut off the
add to it HSS 9 104:23, HSS 19 71:18, and pas- nose and the ears of (that) slave and slave girl
sim in Nuzi, also summa eqlu GAL (= rabi or ibid. 50, also 55 (§ 4), iii 57 (§ 24), v 92 (§ 46);
mad) la i-na-ak-ki-is summa eqlu mis la how is it that you do not answer my sealed
uradda RA 23 154 No. 47:25, also 142 No. 2:22, messages? uz-na-a-tum i ki-Sa-da-t[um] nu-
153 No. 45:11, and passim in Nuzi, also (with uk-ku-sa at-taum-ma-na-amla ta-ta-ra-amears
bitati) HSS 13 445:5; ki tiem sarri 10 ANSE. and heads could be cut off (and still) you would
A.TA.AN eqlisunu i-na-ak-ki-sd-ma u ana not lead a skilled workman here Walters Water
ekalli ileqqi according to the king's command, for Larsa 95 No. 70:11 (OB let.); nu-uk-kis kap:
they will cut off ten homers of their field and pidu abrizu u nuballisu cut off his wings, his
take it into (the possession of) the palace abru wings, and his tail feathers Bab. 12 26:6,
HSS 15 128:35; summa eqlu rabi la i-na-ak- of. ibid. 30:22 (Etana), also STT 21:108 and dupl.
ki-is u PN ina libbi eqli ni-ik-sa la i-na-ak-ki- RA 46 36:11, 38:34 (SB Epic of Zu); sittdt mun
is u la ileqqi if the field is larger (than was dahse&unu rittizunu 4-nak-kis-ma as for the
agreed), he shall not diminish it, and (also) rest of his warriors, I cut off their hands Rost
PN shall not cut off and take anything from Tigl. III p. 8:38, cf. sa iqerribu rittiu ...
the field HSS 9 101:35; ka1ca ina libbi eqli -na-ka-as PBS 1/2 47:20 (MB let.); sapsa
la i-na-ki-is he must not sever the kasku pate i-na-kis-ma baltasun abut ... ?i-na(var.
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nakasu 6c nakasu 9a
adds -al)-kis qateun I cut off their lower h) to cut off a road: 1 LU attua PN sepeSu
lips and thus ruined their proud looks, I cut ki u-na-ak-ki-su ituSu iktaldau when PN had
unu ahut I-nak-ki-sa

off their hands OIP 2 46 vi 11f. (Senn.); maskef
sreun I flayed
them and cut away their flesh Bauer Asb. 95
cut off the path (lit. feet) of one of my men,
he kept him with him EA 8:36 (let. of Burna-
burias).
Sm. 559:7 and dupl., cf. sitti apbedu ... anir
siresunu -nak-kis Piepkorn Asb. 74 vi 91 var.; i) to cut open a grain pile: sar-ru-tu ina
note in absolute use: summa a'lu ... assassu nu-ku-si la igammaru the grain piles must
la u-na-ak-ki-es if the man (whose wife had not be used up by cutting into (them) (cf. mng.
run away from him) does not mutilate his Ic) PBS 1/2 20:4 (MB let.).
wife KAV 1 iii 79 (Ass. Code § 24); [...] bini 7. nukkusu to slaughter, to kill (with pl.
qassu tu-nak-kds you cut its (the figurine's) object)- a) animals: (x sheep) in GN PN
hand [with a ... ] of tamarisk 4R 25 ii 22 (SB u-na-ki-is PN has slaughtered in GN BIN 8
rit.). 141:16, of. ibid. 182:65 (OAkk.), see MAD 3 202;
UDU.NITk kabritu ana GI silli tabnitu a Sarri
c) to cut throats: a dannitisunus-na-
nu-uk-ki-su slaughter fat sheep for the silli
ki-is kisdddti he cut the throats of their
tabnitu offering of the king BIN 1 25:38,
mighty ones LKA 62 r. 4, see Or. NS 18 35,
tu-na-ak-ka-su ibid. 27, wr. tu-na-ak-su
cf. sa ... '4-na-ki-su kisdcd muqtabli AKA
ibid. 31; (x sheep) ina libbi 8 ina KA.ME nu-
224:24 (Asn.); kisaddtesunu i-na(var.-nak)-kis
uk-ku-su eight of them slaughtered at the
aslis I cut their throats like (those of) sheep
gates TCL 13 145:10, 12, also YOS 7 8:20,
OIP 2 45 vi 2 (Senn.); mu-na-ki-su sa kiSddi
143:4 (all NB); 200 lurme kima issrirtquppi
[...] (in broken context) A 3445 r. i 2' (dupl.
u-na-ki-is (on a hunt) I slaughtered two
to KAR 238 r. 1).
hundred ostriches as if they were birds kept
d) to fell trees: [ina] qisdtim indti issu in cages Iraq 14 34:90 (Asn.); note with sing.
nu-uk-ku-su [mamma]n ul inassarsunuti trees object: bera lu-na-ak-kis let me slaughter a
are cut in those woods, nobody watches them young calf Lambert BWL 78:136 (Theodicy).
TCL 7 20:9 (OB let.). b) men: ummadntesunu kima zirqi u-ne-
ki-is I slaughtered their troops like sheep
e) to cut dates: suluppi ki ukallimanni
AKA 58 iii 99 (Tigl. I); LU Sute ... asli
abi nu-ku-su u(text nu) ahi sa it-bu-ku Bel u
ui-nak-kis-ma I slaughtered the men of Sutu
Nabil lu idz ki 2 GUR 96 siLA nu-ku-su when
like sheep Winckler Sar. pl. 34:131, u-na-ki-is
he showed me the dates, part of them were
muqtabliu I slaughtered his warriors Iraq 25
cut(?), and part which they had heaped up,
56:44 (Shalm. III); ana kasi Sa paniki nu-uk-
Bel and NabiU indeed know that there were two
ku-su sa arkiki to flay (those) who are before
gur 96 silas cut(?) CT 22 78:10, 13 (NB let.).
you, to slaughter (those) who are behind you
f) to tear garments: summa subdssu u-na- LKU 32:16 (Lamastu); da-x-tu-u-a nu-uk-ku-
kas if he (the sick man) tears his garment su a DUMU.AMA.ME§ (in obscure context)
to pieces Labat TDP 182:44f. PSBA 23 pl. after p. 192:18 (lament.).
8. II/2 to be slaughtered: 8 UDU.SIZKUR

g) to make a breach: sabe ka ki taspuru
ina bdbdni .a Eanna ina panisu ut-tak-k[a-su]
nikasi ana libbi ali ki u-nak-ki-su Siltabu LKU 51:9 (NB rit.).
igr bit iii undalli when you sent your
troops and they broke through to the center 9. IV to be felled, to be severed, to be
of the city, they covered the wall of the cut off the tree (said of dates), to be slaugh-
temple with arrows ABL 1339:4 (NB); [...] tered (passive to mngs. 1-4) - a) to be
ikpud u-ne-kis si-im-ta u zi-[...] Studies felled: GI.In.A da in-na-ak-su massarqidtim
Landsberger 286 r. 6 (MA inc.). ik-ki-su-4 ina qdtim ahitim in-na-ak-su-4
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nakaiu nakbasu A
warkatam purusma investigate whether the DUMU.MES sipri Elami ik-ki-su-ma ana bab
guardians of the forests felled the trees e[kallim] ul isanni[qu] they segregated(?) the
which were felled, or whether they were messengers from Elam so they cannot arrive
felled by an unauthorized hand TCL 7 at the palace gate ARM 2 73:14; let PN's
20:20ff. (OB let.); 17 aschil~ a ia
na GI.SAR da sheep and goats graze wherever there is grass
GN in-na-ak-su Birot Tablettes 13:2, of. ibid. 9 la ta-na-ki- [a]-Si-na-at do not keep them
(OB). segregated BIN 7 54:11 (OB let.).
b) to be severed: si-ma-tum SAG.DU KUD- 2. to leave fallow(?), to set fire to - a) to
i[s] CT 40 40:68, also ibid. 81 (SB Alu); see leave fallow(?): x eqlam ina libbisu ik-ki-Su
also Iraq 27 5 iii 9, cited mng. 2a-2'. they left fallow(?) x land in it ARMT 13 38:16;
c) to be cut off the tree (said of dates): in transferred mng.: ardati a mumsu i-ki-Su
x GUR sulupp in-nd-ek-ki-is x gur of dates the young girls who left (their) breasts fallow
will be cut off TuM 2-3 194:4, 6, 12 (NB). Perry Sin pl. 4:13, see Ebeling Handerhebung 128.
d) to be slaughtered: summa [immerum] b) to set fire to (as poetic synonym of nadi):
ishurma aSar in-na-ak-si kiiassu istakan the gods heeded his words idatam nepisisunu
if the sheep turns around and puts its neck in iddima marrisunuisdtam supsikkisunu dGirra
the place where it was slaughtered YOS 10 it-ta-ak-su they set their tools afire, they set
47:31 (OB behavior of sacrificial lamb); 1 enzum fire to their spades and baskets Lambert-Millard
9a ... in-na-ak-su JCS 11 36 No. 27:4 (OB); Atra-hasis 46 I 67 (OB).
UDU.NITA sa in-na-ak-ki-su AfO 24 89:36, cf.
ibid. 37 (MB Elam). c) other occ.: arru patra ittanaddarGIR
ana ekalli na-ki-iS the king will fear the
nakaiu v.; 1. to set aside, 2. to leave sword, the sword is .... to the palace
fallow(?), to set fire to; OA, OB, Mari, SB; (possibly to nakdsu) Labat Suse 6 ii 42.
I ikkiS - inakkiS, 1/2, II(?), IV/3(?); cf.
Hirsch Untersuchungen 2 Additions p. 6.
nikidtu.
[ku-u] [K]u = na-du-u4, na-ka-a-hum MSL 2 nakbartu s.; (a garment); MB*; cf. kabaru.
127 i 28f. (Proto-Ea); [ma-a] [oA] = na-ka-Su
x TUG na-ak-bar-tum BE 14 157:15.
A IV/4:62; [...], x.[x], KA.X.[x], KU.du[x] -
na-ka-d Nabnitu XXIII 86ff.; [.. .].x = na-ka-Su nakbasu A s.; step (of a staircase); OB,
Lanu A 16; bar = b um, [bar].re = nu-uk-ku-u
(var. to nu-uk-ku-ru) Erimhui II 136f. SB; cf. kabdsu.
1. to set aside - a) with legal connota- gig.kun 4 (I.Lu).tur = mac-ha-[fu] = [na]k-ba-su
Hg. I 38, in MSL 5 187; gii.kun 4 = si-mil-tu,
tions: apputtum ana nikiStim sa ilum i-ki-su- galam = MIN a nak-ba-s[i] Nabnitu E 285f.
ka la tatuar (see nikistu) HUCA 39 12 gi.kid.giL.gu.za MIN (= ki-it) nak-ba-su
L29-559:28; kima ni-i-u-tic-ni dint na-ak-8u Hh. VIII 326f., in MSL 9 179; gi.kid.9a.ra.ah
sikkum la issab[bat] because they are ours, = MIN MIN ibid. 328.
the cases were set aside (by court order), no 1 aam
amurma 3 GAR mile dirim KUS
one (lit. no hem) may be seized BIN 6 49:9; na-ak-ba-suim 1,40 KURS GiR.GUB.BA GIS.I.LU
aasumi .a husarim dini na-ak-Su-ma with minum find the solution to (the problem of)
regard to the husdru stone, the cases are set the city: three GAR is the height of the wall,
aside (by court order) BIN 4 91:19; IV/3(?): (each) step is one-half cubit, 1,40 (GAR, the
if they bring our textiles from Urfu ammas height of) the step (i.e., one-third cubit),
kamma dinama gimSunu ziiza a-ni-um a-na- how (long) should the staircase be? MKT 1
kam i-ta-an-ki-i sell them there, and divide 219 i 1, and passim, sometimes shortened to na, in
their price, (all) this was set aside here VAT this text, see TMB 47 f. No. 92-95; difficult: lu
13532:25 (all OA). ke-e-na Se-e-nu nak-ba-su lu [...] Rm. 221 ii 8
b) other occs.: on the day after the envoys (SB lit.).
of Ibalpiel had departed to go to my lord Landsberger, ZA 42 166 n. 2.
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nakbasu B nakisu
nakbasu B (nakbusu) s.; (a garment); nakbusu see nakbasu B.
Nuzi; cf. kabdsu.
Tt G nak-bu-su Practical Vocabulary Assur 292. nakdi§ adv.; (mng. uncert.); SB*; cf.
nakddu.
,a
2 na-ak-ba-su-4 birmi two n.-s with
trimmings HSS 14 247: 19; andku ... puluhta labMaku ak-tal-ddk-ki
x na-ak-ba-si
mardate sa kazirsu ibid. 550:10; na-ak-ba-ska na-ak-di-es I am clothed with terror, I am
(in obscure context) ibid. 255:3. approaching you (sorceress) .... AfO 11
367 No. 7:8 (inc.).
Cf. kabasu "to full cloth," see kabdsu
mug. 2e. nakdu adj.; 1. critical, critically ill,
2. reverent; SB; cf. nakddu.
nakbatu s.; main force, main body (of an
army); OB, Bogh., SB; wr. syll. and IDIM, 1. critical, critically ill: GIG nak-du iballut
DUGUD ; cf. kabdtu. ... GIG la nak-du imat the critically ill man
will get well, the man not critically ill will
a) in omens: ummdn nakrim ina na-ak- die Boissier DA 211 r. 15f.; asiZ ana marsi
ba-ti-sa imaqqut the enemy's army will suffer na-ak-d[i qs]su la ubbal the physician must
defeat in its main mass KAR 150 r. 13, also not touch a critically ill man (on this day)
(with umman rubem) ibid. 11 (SB copy of OB o- KAR 178 r. i 67 (hemer.); sa ina x-[x]-ti-?
mens), also KAR 454: 9f.; ummdnka ina DUGUD- GIG di'i lemnu ihhazu tubqdti GIG nak-du
i imaqqut TCL 6 1 r. 8, also r. 32f., CT 30 11 iturru asrusu (Ninurta) at whose [com-
83-1-18,431 i 14, 27 r. 1, CT 20 13 r. 8, 30 r. ii 14, mand?] the evil di'u disease goes into hiding,
32:61f., 33:86f., CT 31 27:9, 29r. 7, (withumman the critical(?) illness departs (lit. returns to
rube) BRM 4 13:37, KAR 423 ii 33, (with umman its place) JRAS Cent. Supp. pl. 2:5.
nakri) VAB 4 268 ii 32, 288 xi 36 (all ext.),
2. reverent: n[a]-ak-di pdlih Istar ukams
also Leichty Izbu XIV 7, ABL 1237:4 (astrol.);
mar tuh[da] the reverent one who worships
ummdn nakri ina IDIM-.d imaqqut CT 20 35 ii 9,
the goddess accumulates wealth Lambert
37 iv 22 and 24, KAR 153 obv.(!) 15 (all SB ext.);
BWL 70:22 (Theodicy); nak-da tip-qu-du (for
na-ak-bat ummdn Elamti ina kakki imaqqut
pitqudu?) damiqta hassu KAR 321:9.
the main force of the Elamite army will fall
in battle CT 39 19:127 (SB Alu); atypical: nakdu see nakkadu.
nakru 4 ina DUGUD- i IJA.A ACh Istar 20:80,
84, dupl. TCL 6 16 r. 8, see ZA 52 248:69 (astrol.); nakipu adj.; goring; SB*; cf. nakdpu A.
ummdn nakri ummdni id&k DUGUD ema
maqtat eli LUGAL(?) x x x the army of the gal 5 .la gu 4 du 7 .du, : gall4 alpu na-ki-pu
enemy will defeat my army, and the main the gallidemon, the goring ox CT 16 14 iv 14f.
force, wherever it has fallen, will ....
nakirtu in ga nakirti (a nakrati) s.;
against the king(?) KAR 426:32; nakru ina
DUGUD-4i irrubma CT 30 47 K.6327:12, also,
enemy; OB lex.*; cf. nakaru.
wr. IDIM-U KAR 429 i 20 (all SB ext.). u1.nig.k ir.ra- a na-ki-ir-tim OB Lu B iv 5ff.,
cf. u1.n[ig].kdr.ra = 4a na-ak-ra-tim OB Lu
b) in other texts: summa ... nakru ina A 117; [li].inim.kdir.di = a [nal-[ki-ir-tim (?)]
RA 70 142:12 (OB school exercise).
libbi mdtisu ina na-ak-pa-ti-u irrub if an
enemy enters his (the Hittite king's) country nakiru see nakru adj.
with massed troops KBo 1 5 ii 64, iii 3; ana
ERIN.ME§ na-ak-pa-ti u ana kabtiti (see nakisu (nekisu) s.; 1. butcher, meat cook,
kabtu mng. 4a) Sommer-Falkenstein Bil. i 1, 2. woodcutter; NA, NB; cf. nakdsu.
also ibid. iv 61f.
LT.GtfR.LA, Lt na-ki-su MSL 12 240 v 29f. (NA
von Soden, Or. NS 16 78f. list of professions).
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nakitu nakkamtu
1. butcher, meat cook: PN Lt na-ki-su Bazar); na-kdm-mat sarri iriqqa the king's
ADD 857 ii 47 (NA list of court personnel), see storehouses will become empty KAR 427:13,
Kinnier Wilson Wine Lists p. 103, cf. 6 SiLA Uj r. 33, also, wr. nak-ka-mat BRM 4 12:65 (both
karsu Lt na-ki-su (list of leek distributions SB ext.); GIR.NITA GAL ina mati ibassima
to royal household personnel) ibid. pl. 46:18; nak-ka-ma-a-tum SI.SA.ME there will be a
4000 bricks: PN LU ni-ki-su VAS 6 259:16; great governor in the country and the store-
PN u LU ni-i--si.ME immeri ZA 4 145 No. houses will prosper CT 51 143 r. 3, dupl. ACh
19:31; uncert.: PN LT na-ki-g4 (witness) Sin 10:27; Se'am ana na-kam-tim sa bit amas
TuM 2-3 267:14 (all NB). Sa Larsam sa tattadna the barley for the
storehouse of the SamaS-temple in Larsa which
2. woodcutter: LU na-ki-su-te tu[se]rrada
you (pl.) indeed delivered LIH 49:6, cf. Se'am
ina libbi inakkisu you will send woodcutters ana zimi SA.GAL na-kam-tum sa bit aamas
downstream and they will cut (the timber) ... idna ibid. 12; aisum atkuppi pahhdri u
there ABL 484:11 (NA).
maldhi sa beli ispura na-ak-ka-[m]a-tu mala
Kinnier Wilson Wine Lists pp. 78f., 103. as for the reedworkers, potters, and boatmen
about whom my lord has written, the store-
nakistu s.; (mng. unkn.); lex.*
houses are full PBS 1/2 54:28 (MB let.); 12
me.me.a = na-kid-tum Lanu A 93. lim 8 me SE.PAD.MES na-kam-tu LU GAL karme
The word may be derived from either 12,800 rations (in the) storehouse (under)
nakasu or nakdSu. the chief of stores Iraq 23 54 ND 2791:16 (NA);
bamat tibnija ina na-kam-tum garin half of
nakkadu (nakdu) adj.; (mng. unkn.); SB.* the straw belonging to me is piled up in the
1 tertu GIS.BANUR qabli 9a amas u Adad storehouse TIM 2 158 r. 3; na-/ka-am-ti GI.
lu nak-da-at (var. nak-ka-da-at) let one HI.A TCL 18 155:24 (both OB letters); samnam
extispicy on(?) the middle table of Sama§ ana E na-ka-am-tim utdr he will return the
and Adad be .... BBR No. 1-20:112 (rit.). oil to the storehouse ARM 9 6:8; samnu sa
istu na-aq-qa-am-ti ultdsus the oil which he
nakkamtu (nakkandu, nakkantu) s.; had taken from the storehouse HSS 16 422:2;
1. storehouse, treasury, 2. stores, reserves, note in Sum.: kalam.ma nig.ga i.mu.e.
3. (unkn. mngs.); from OB on; pl. nakka ni.gar.gar na.kam.tum u.mu.e.gar in
mdtu; wr. with and without det. E, in OB the country, after you (Summer) pile up the
often na-kam-tum as pseudo-log.; cf. nakamu. crops, set up the storehouse (I, Winter, be-
come its owner) Winter and Summer Contest
aIR.BUR.LAki =- na-kam-tum Proto-Diri 550a;
li.na.kam.tum= Sa na-ka-am-tum OB Lu A 269, 218 (courtesy M.Civil), cf. na.kam.tum a.na
cf. OB Lu D 159; ia. tam.na.kam.tum OB gar.gar.ra.za ibid. 226 (= van Dijk La Sa-
Proto-Lu 44, also Lu I 137h; ga.tam.4.na.kam. gesse 46:2).
di MSL 12 80:7 (peripheral version of Proto-Lu);
i.du8 .na.kam.tum OB Proto-Lu 142; PA.na. b) for animals: 2 UDU.NITA ana na-kam-
kam.tum ibid. 156c; en.nu.un.na.kam.tum tim two sheep for the storehouse TCL 1 228:7,
= KI.MIN (= ma-.ar) na-ka-an-ti Lu II 20; ki.en.
cf. 1 UDU ... PN SA na-kam-tum PBS 8/2
nu.un, na.kam.tum, i.ta.gur.ra Proto-Izi
I 507ff., cf. Proto-Izi I Bil. D iv 16ff.; kas na. 114:3 (OB); biru na-kam-tum 360 PN 359 PN 2
kam.tum SLT 12 iii 4, see MSL 11 116. napharu 719 biru na-kam-tum young cattle
belonging to the stable, 360 to PN, 359 to PN , ,
1. storehouse, treasury - a) for barley
in all 719 head of young cattle belonging to
and staples: attama tide kima na-ka-ma-tum the stable BE 15 199:23 and 26 (MB).
reqa de'um qemum ul ibali you know that
the stores are empty, there is no barley or c) for precious materials: ina imeuma
flour Studies Landsberger 194:46, also Laessee ina E na-kam-te ,udti 11 GUN 30 MA.NA
Shemshra Tablets p. 80 SH 812:30; barley hurdsa 2100 Gv 24 MA.NA kaspa ... uderib
ana na-ka-am-tim Iraq 7 49 A.939 r. 1 (Chagar on that day, I brought eleven talents and
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nakkamtu nakkamtu
thirty minas of gold and 2100 talents and chests, (let them take the textiles from the
24 minas of silver into this treasure house chests) and seal the chests and the storehouses
Winckler Sar. pl. 48:21; silver ina E na-kam- KAV 98:11 and 36, also 105:10, 20f., 200 r. 7,
ti Aa Ningal Sakin is deposited in DN's and passim in the MA letters of Baba-aha-iddina;
treasure house ABL 1194 r. 2, also ibid. obv. anniitu TUG.ME§ la ipus u ina E na-kam-ti la
12 (NA), wr. nack-kan-du ABL 498:19 (NB); useribu he did not produce these textiles
na-kan-te bit unqi si this is a treasury under and did not bring them into the storehouse
seal ABL 531:13 (coll. K. Deller); nisirti ekal HSS 14 620:19, also 22, 29; ustu E-ti na-kam-
lisu na-kam-te-gsi (var. E na-kam-ma-te-sdi) ti ittaar he took (textiles) out of the store-
... assa I carried off the treasures of his house HSS 13 152:11, also 26, HSS 14 523:13,
palace, of his treasure houses AKA 317 ii 64 28, 643:7, 18, 29, 34, cf. HSS 13 165:38 (all Nuzi).
(Asn.), cf. lu ana E na-kam-a-ti-,u KAH 2
e) for ice: uripam dati [an]a E na-ak-ka-
92:11(Tn.); na-kam-te lu apti nisirtusu lu
am-tim [i]sappaku they will bring those
imur I opened the treasure house, saw his ARM 2 91 r. 5.
stacks of ice to the storeroom
treasures 3R 8 ii 81 (Shalm. III); bilassunu
sa akkumu ana na-kam-ti sa ekalli sdtu f) for tools and equipment: GI§.BAN utu
u[sebilam]ma userib qerebsa I brought their E na-kam-ti sa Nuzi a bow from GN's store-
tribute which I amassed into the treasury house HSS 13 354:2, also 5 and 11; 4 simittu
of that palace OIP 2 134:90 (Senn.), cf. kaspa narkabtu i~tu na-kam-ti four chariot yokes
ana na-k[an]-du ekalli l[i...] Grayson BHLT from the storehouse HSS 13 276:2; house-
70 iii 9; aptema nak(var. na)-kam-a-ti-sd-nu hold utensils ina i-it na-aq-qa-am-ti [sa] rPN
sa kaspu hurdsu busu makkuru nukkumu ukallu aknu are stored in the storehouse
qerebsun I opened his treasure houses, in which fPN owns HSS 9 29:18, also HSS 14
which silver, gold, and all kinds of valuables 616:30, cf. (weapons?) ina na-aq-qa-am-ti
were piled up Streck Asb. 50 v 132; Sinna Sa ustesl~ HSS 9 55:3, ina E na-kam-t[i ... ]
piri sa istu na-kam-te ssuatani ... ta'era Iraq 11 144 No. 4:38 (MB); unitu annitu sa
bring back the ivory which was taken out of ina na-kdm-te saplite sa sahuri Saknutuni
the storehouse KAV 205:6 (MA), cf. 9 KA these are the tools which are stored in the
AM.SI ina E na-kam-te nine tusks in the treas- lower storeroom of the guardhouse KAJ
ure house Iraq 23 38 ND 2620 r. 3 (NA), cf. also 310:65 (MA); [x namh]ari ana na-ka-am-ti
KAV 109:23, 99:32 (MA); E na[k-kan-te] Sa ii u x vessels (of beer?) for the storehouse
Sarri belija iptete kaspu ittiSi he opened the ARMT 12 613 r. 3.
treasure house of the god and the king, my
g) officials: see Lu, OB Lu, Proto-Lu, in
lord, and carried silver away ABL 339 r. 2,
lex. section.
also ibid. 8 (NA); istu na-kam-ti Sa Nuzi
ittaSru they removed (copper) from the h) other occs.: a future ruler ana E na-
storehouse of GN AASOR 16 81:6, also, wr. kan-te-ga la ekkimsi ana bit kili la isarraki
E-ti na-kam-ti ibid. 82:3; ina E na-kam-ti must not requisition (the palace) to be a
uses u utdru they will take (precious storehouse, he must not let it serve as a
objects) out of the storehouse and bring them prison AKA 247 v 35 (Asn.); na-kam-da idatu
back HSS 15 17:35; 30 MA.NA NA 4 .T.MES ... ikkal fire will destroy the storehouse Boissier
sa iStu na-kam-te sa kisalli Aerudani thirty DA 7:32, of. Labat Suse 4 r. 13, ana na-kan-di
minas of .... -stones which were brought i dtu CT 20 49:23 (SB ext.); maskani ,a na-
down from the storehouse in the courtyard kam-tim sehertim izarrima they will winnow
KAJ 178:5 (MA). on(?) the threshing floor of the small store-
house YOS 2 24:6; x SAR A nadittiJarrimKI
d) for textiles: E na-kam-ta pitia tupnin na-kam-tum a built-up lot of x SAR, gift of the
ndte dsiiani ... tupninnte u E na-kcam-a-te king, at(?) the door of the storehouse(?) TCL
... kunka open the storehouse, take out the 18 106:7 (both OB letters); E.Di.[A] DA na-ka-
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nakkamtu nakkaptu
am-tim §a [... ] a built-up lot beside the store- 65:8f., 41:4, 88:8f., wr. with det. E BE 9
house of [...] Jean Tell Sifr 56:2 (OB); (a lot) 83:9, and passim in these texts.
itd nak-kan-du AnOr 9 19:3 (NB), and passim in
3. (unkn. mngs.): kallat PN napiatma ina
this text; E na-kdm-a-te (part of a temple)
na-ka-am-tim u(text tu)-si-i-ma mahriki lisib
KAR 214 i 31 (takultu); Sa Sarru bell [iqb]dni
PN's daughter-in-law is held as a pledge, take
md na-kam-ti4 s zi-zi Iraq 20 188 No.
her out of the n. and let her be at your service
41:59; PN ina IGI i.GESTINr n[a]-kam-te dan-
JCS 23 33 No. 3:12 (OB let.); sa ... [nam]kar
nu PN in charge of the wine storeroom and
egleti indti isek[kiru] dalta iparrasu eqleti
the large storeroom Sumer 30 64 § 3 (both
sindti ana nak-kam-ti me isakkanu whoever
NA); ].SAG = [t] sarrat na-kam-te CT 46
cuts off the water supply of these fields, bars
51:29 (list of shrines, etc.), cf. ibid. 21, E na-
the sluice-door, or exposes these fields to over-
kdm-tum (in the Egumesa in Nippur) Or. NS
irrigation(?) MDP 10 pl. 12 iv 4, also ibid. pl.
44 98 HS 194:17; URU Dur-Nusku nak-kam-
11 ii 6 (MB kudurru); murus na-kam-ti SI ZAG.
du Kramer AV 30 r. 45 (= TuM 5 45).
GAR.RA - n.-disease, "hand" of the asirtu
2. stores, reserves - a) in gen.: na-kam-ti sanctuary (or: of the tithe, see asirtu A disc.
sa resi napiStija ukallu my stores, which give section) Labat TDP 88:18.
me sustenance TIM 2 152:35 (OB let.); bar- Ad mng. 2b: Postgate Taxation 210 n. 3.
ley received by PN A(?) i.DVB na-kam-ti
BE 6/1 52:7; the first year of the drought nakkandu see nakkamtu.
they ate the old grain sanita sattam u-na-akc- nakkantu see nakkamtu.
ki-ma na-ak-ka-am-t[a] the second year they
collected scraps(?) (lit. they heaped up stores) nakkaptu s.; temple; OB, SB; pl. naks
Lambert-Millard Atra-hasis 78 II iv 10 (OB), cf. kapdtu; wr. syll. and SAG.KI; cf. nakdpu A.
[sanitusattu ina kasddi unakkima] na-kdm-t[a] uzu.sag.ki = pu-u-tum, nak-[kap]-tum Hh. XV
ibid. 110 v 12, vi 1 (SB). 11-lla; sag.ki = nak-kap-[tu] Nabnitu I 97;
sa-ag SAG = mu-uh-hu, pu-u-td, nak-kap-td Idu I
b) horses of the reserves(?) (NA): fortified 126ff.; [... mu] = [na-k]a-ap-ta-a-a Ugumu Bil.
towns §a ina qerbiSunu sise na-kam-ti ... Section A 9.
ina ure izuziima within which horses of the an.e an mu.un.bad sag.ki.na <...>
Anum fame ig-te-iiina na-ak-kap-ti-u x-ku-um-ma
reserves(?) were kept in stables TCL 3 191 Anu gored the sky with his forehead .... Studien
(Sar.), cf. sse na-kam-te (in broken context) Falkenstein 267:29.
ABL 633 r. 21, sise a na-kan-te Iraq 21 168 No.
57:8; 25 urate sa na-kan-te sa 3 pirrani ... a) of human beings - 1' in med.: summa
ittalkani 25 teams from the reserves(?) of SAG.KI-AU DIB-su-ma if his (the sick person's)
temple afflicts him Labat TDP 32:7, and
three detachments arrived here ABL 440:8;
122 AN§E.ME§ KU.MES adi na-kam-ti Iraq 23 passim in this text, also 188:2f.; summa amelu
28 ND 2451:12, cf. x (asses) na-kam-tu ibid. 7, SAG.KI-s sabtagsma if a man's temples
and ibid. 45 ND 2727:7 (all NA), see Postgate afflict him CT 23 43:24; U 4 GIG na-kap-ti
SumeliSu mahsat Labat Suse 11 iii 6 (med.);
Taxation 376f., 393; note: LT GIS.GIGIR na-
kan-te Bezold Cat. 1716 79-7-98,200, also ADD summa SAG.KI-4 sa imitti kasat a Sumeli
177:26, 277:1(!). emmet if his right temple is cold, his left hot
Labat TDP 34:22; summa SAG.KI-s4 a Sumeli
c) describing fields (NB): a field adjacent ikkalsu if his left temple hurts him ibid.
to SE.NUMUT nak-kam-du Sarri a field be- 36:28, and passim in this tablet with many kinds
longing to the n. of the king PBS 2/1 41:9, of symptoms, see heas, lapatu, mahdau, maqdtu,
also 31:11, BE 10 34:11, TCL 13 203:15, cf. Dar. sabdtu, also ibid. 100 i 2, 156:8, cf. CT 23 43 ii 8, 26,
253:2, nak-kan-du a Belti .a Uruk YOS 6 28, etc. (= Kocher BAM 482); Aumma amelu SA
150:11, 13, 14, cf. also PBS 2/1 123:4, PN Lr SAG.KI imitti-Au tebi if a man's right temporal
JuSanu .a nak-kan-du BIN 1 48:26, BE 10 artery pulsates Kocher BAM 6:1, (the left)
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nakkaptu *nakkapu
ibid. 7, also 3 iii 20, 24f., 35 iv 4f., AMT 61,8: If., iii 21 (inc.);busanu tib na-kap-te muSarqidu
Labat TDP 24:50, 52, 55, 112 i 31, of. ibid. 42:37, tuspaisah you relieve the leprosy, the
cf. also anazI SAG.KI nuhhi CT 23 41 ii 2, 4, and pulsating in the temples that makes one hop
passim, see tibu; summa marsu SA SAG.KI-9U around KAR 321 r. 5; kima me-e sa-te-e ina
maqtu if the temporal artery of a sick man is na-kap-ti (var. ki Ad la(?) A.MES ina piti) (go
"collapsed" Syria 33 123 r. 11, and passim in this away, paralysis) like the .... water from the
text, wr. sa na-kap-t[i-46] ibid. 8, cf. SA SAG. temples Kocher BAM 398 r. 13 (inc.), var. frhom
KIII- AMT 19,1:3; inana-ak-ka-ap-ti-su (in STT 136 i 43; kima zu'ti ina nak-kap-ti na-
broken context) TLB 2 21:8 (OB omens); the d[s-li-la] slip away like sweat from the temple
string of wool ina SAG.KI.MES-4 tarakkas Lambert BWL 288 K.9387:6 (inc.), cf. kima zlti
AMT 11,1:2, ana SAG.KI.MES-, i SUB.MES you na-kap-ti natbikani Ugaritica 5 17:39; [nia 4 .
apply(?) (oil) to his temples AMT 20,2:5, dupl. sag.ki] = [aban nak-kap-ti] Hh. XVI 223,
AMT 12,8:5, and passim in med., wr. SAG.KI.ME§; restored from na4.sag.ki = na-ka-a[p(!)-tu]
ina surri SAG.KI-94 tessima damasu tatabbak RS Recension 173, cf. NA 4 .KI.NAM.AN.NA = NA 4
you make an incision in his temple(?) with SAG.KI MSL 10 69:4 (= Uruanna III 155).
an obsidian knife and let his blood flow
Kocher BAM 323:94, cf. SAG.KI-st talappat b) of animals: summa immerum na-ak-
AMT 95,2 iii 7, SAG.KI-i tugallab CT 23 ka-ap-ta-su sa imittim tarkat if the right
40:29, and passim in med. wr. SAG.KI-Ac, cf. temple of the sheep is dark YOS 10 47:18 (OB),
also SAG.KI-i itarraksu his temple throbs also CT 41 10 K.6983:19, dupl. CT 31 33:35f.
AMT 14,5:3; na-ak-ckapl-ta-§a ittibassi her (SB behavior of sacrificial lamb); uritu ina
(the sick woman's) temple improved BE 17 SAG.KI GiB-sd itit qarnu E-[at]
(there was
31:18 (MB let.). seen) a mare from whose left temple one
horn protruded CT 29 48:3 (SB prodigies).
2' in physiogn. and Izbu: [summa nak]-
kap-ta-su usa'ar if he wipes his temple Refs. wr. SAG.KI II and SAG.KI.MES most
AfO 11 222 No. 2:3, also (with ukkak scratches) likely stand for nakkaptu, while of the refs.
ibid. 4; Bumma na-kap-ti imittisu patrat wr. SAG.KI (= putu) only those which speak
if his right temple is "loose" Kraus Texte 6 r. of the right and left SAG.KI seem to stand for
1, also ibid. 38a:9f., cf. summa na-ak-ka-pa- nakkaptu, and whenever SAG.KI-SU represents
tu4 -su patra ibid. 6 r. 3; summa sinnistu the subject or object, the reading nakkaptaiu
ulidma uzndsu ina nak(var. na-ak)-kap-ti-si and not *putasu seems to be required,
sakna if a woman gives birth, and the although in many cases the meaning does
(child's) ears are located on his temples not permit a distinction between nakkaptu
Leichty Izbu III 23, cf. ibid. 90; summa ser'dn and pctu.
SAG.KI 15-4i zi.zi if the artery on his right The surgical intervention referred to in
temple pulsates Kraus Texte 49:1, (the left) the CH as "opening of the n." may refer to
ibid. 2; summa Sdrat SAG.KI-si kima mastim scarification in the temporal region; this
Suppulma GAR MVAG 40/2 84:107, and pas- interpretation is supported by the occurrence
sim in this text (physiogn.), [DISgA si-id n]a- of nakkaptu between qaqqadu and pitu in
kap-ti 2.30-8u SAG GAR Labat Suse 8 r. 6, of. 3, med., the sequence of entries in Hh. XV and
see also ibid. r. 19, etc. (physiogn.). Ugumu, and the refs. to pulsating arteries of
the nakkaptu.
3' in other texts: summa asilm ... na-
kap-ti awilim ina karzilli siparrim iptema *nakkapu (nakkupu) adj.; around (i.e.,
if a physician opens a man's temple with a
in circumference); NA.*
bronze lancet CH § 215:60, also ibid. § 218:79,
220:89; if a scorpion stings SAG.KI ZAG-Mi 6-a-a 1 KiS arruku 1 KIS na-ku-pu ...
(also OtiB-i) CT 38 37:3 f. (SB Alu); the 5 ina ammete arruu 1 KiRS na-ku-pu (logs)
disease isbat libbi u nak-k[ap-t]i AfO 23 42 six cubits long each, one cubit around, and
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nakkapu A nakku6Au
(others) five cubits long, one cubit around nakkaru adj.; hostile, enemy; OB*; cf.
ABL 566:10 and 11. nakaru.
The dimension expressed by nakkupu is [a]lam na-ak-ka-ra-am tasabbat you will
most likely the circumference; note that take a hostile town YOS 10 33 v 29 (ext.).
other logs are described in the same text as
arruku and kabburu, see kabbaru usage a-4'. nakkatu s.; (a type of real estate); Nuzi.
E.HI.A.MES ina libbi Nuzi itti na-aq-qa-ti-
nakkapu A s.; (tip of parts of the body?); ... ittadin he gave (him) the houses
-u-nu
SB. in Nuzi together with their n. HSS 9 21:6,
ki.nam.esir.ra = nak-ka-pu Nabnitu I 96. cf. the houses ina eleni na-aq-qa-ti sa PN
ibid. 18, ina sitini na-aq-qa-ti sa PN HSS 19
a) of the foot: jumma ... nak-kap
71:8; minumme qaqqaru na-aq-qa-du IA.
sepesu rabima if the n. of his feet are large
LA-ia any n.-land which is my share HSS 5
Kraus Texte 19 iii 9, also 22 i 35; ki na-kap
29:7, cf. zittaSu Aa na-aq-qa-tum ibid. 38;
sepe ana asidila iqarribu (see asidu mng. 1)
kird na-aq-[q]a-ta ina GN ana PN ... iddinus
KAR 252 iii 35.
ni~Su they gave PN a n.-garden in GN
b) of the lungs (in ext.): Summa na-kap JEN 66:5; 1 E ekallu kutlu nadd na-aq-qa-te
hasi 15 u 2,30 Dvu-ma if the right and left HSS 19 98:4; A. A na-ag-ga-tum ina harrdn
n. of the apical lobe of the lung are split GN a n.-field on the road to GN JEN 413:5,
CT 31 39 ii 20f. and 23, cf. na-ak-ka-ap hasi ~a cf. HSS 19 5:19, 23, 16:12, wr. na-aq-qa-ta
umeli patir Labat Suse 5:20, wr. na-kap SMN 3483:6.
ibid. 24, 3 r. 56; Summa na-kap 2,30 U+ SAG(=
kubuS?) hai DUg.DU 8 KAR 423 r. i 53, also 51; nakkupu see *nakkapu adj. and nakkapu B s.
na-kap 15 kubuS hasi 15, na-kap kubuS hasi
MAS-ma KI A9, na-kap 2,30 kubuS hasi 2,30
nakkuru (or naqquru, nagguru) adj.; (mng.
CT 31 8:25ff. unkn.); OA.*
The lex. ref. probably represents a different DUB-pu-um sa amtam as'umu DU-pu-um
word. na-ku-ru-um sa taskarinnim abnum j MA.NA-
um 9a KU.BABBAR u NE-zi-a-tum sakna TCL 20
nakkapu B (nakkupu) s.; (a tool); OA.* 113:8.
(J. Lewy, Or. NS 19 5 n. 2.)
x pdsi 1 na-ku-pu-um Suqultasnu 2 MA.NA
x axes and one n., their weight two minas nakkuru (or naqquru) s.; (mng. unkn.);
BIN 4 198:1; x pdci [x]+5 na-ku-fpu(?)1 6 MB Alalakh, Nuzi.
MA.NA suqultam x axes, x n.-s weighing six
1 sisu a PN na-ak-ku-ra-au ana qat PN2
minas OIP 27 62:38; [x] na-ka-pd-am ana PN
nadnu one horse belonging to PN, its n. is
u aSitiu ubil he brought a n. for PN and his
entrusted to PN2 HSS 15 83:5, also (in broken
wife ICK 2 99:10.
context) na-ak-ku-ra-4u-nu ana [qdt] PN
nadnu ibid. 2; obscure: S.NImIN 5 ANSE.
nakkapfi adj.; having the habit of goring;
KUR.RA na-ku-ri u pat-ta-un-na Wiseman
OB; cf. nakapu A.
Alalakh 329:13.
[di-ri] DIR = na-ka-pu-' Proto-Diri 8a.
summa alap awilim na-ak-ka-pi-[m]a kima nakkuu s.; (a group of persons); OB
na-ak-k[a]-pu-4 babtaSu ud&idSumma if a Alalakh, Nuzi; Hurr. word.
man's ox is prone to goring and his ward has a) in OB Alalakh: 20 na-ak-ku-uS-e LU.
informed him that it is prone to goring CH KIN.GI4.A a TA GN twenty (measures of
§ 251:53f., also, wr. na-ka-pi-ma Goetze LE emmer for) the n. who (came) as a messenger
§ 54 A iv 15, B iv 20 (coll.). from Carchemish JCS 8 21 No. 268:12, also
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naklit naklu
ibid. 267:12, as personal name: Wiseman Alalakh passim in Sar., also OIP 2 97:85 (Senn.), Streck
64:16, 80:6, 126:10, and passim in JCS 8 5ff., see Asb. 282:28; bunnane ilictiSunu rabiti nak-li
RHA 65 131. uSzpisma I had images of these great gods
made artistically Lyon Sar. 23:17; salam
b) in Nuzi: annitu LU.MES na-ak-ku-u-hu sarritija ... nak-lis usepiS I had a statue
sa GN la qdt PN these are the n.-people from made artistically depicting me as king
GN at the disposal of PN HSS 13 262:6, and Thompson Esarh. pl. 16 iii 52 (Asb.); salm ilii
passim, wr. na-ak-ku-u-u ibid. 16 and 22; tiunu rabiti eli a ime pani nak-liS ubasSimu
3 LU.MES na-ak-ku-uds-e RA 28 37 No. 4:17, they fashioned the images of their great gods
also, wr. na-ak-ku-us-Ju-u JEN 665:11;
more artistically than before Borger Esarh.
x barley LT.MES na-ak-ku-us-su da ileqqd 84 r. 38, also 85 iv 7, 87 r. 3, 88 r. 6, 95 r. 12, 14;
the n.-people take RA23 158 No. 63:5, cf. E unati hiSihti Esagil ... [ina] sipir nikilti
Sa na-ak-ku-us-si ibid. 16, of. Sumer 32 127 nak-lis usepi I had the utensils which are
No. 7:1.
needed in Esagil made artistically with
Nadia van Brock, RHA 65 126ff. skillful workmanship ibid. 24 Ep. 33:11; a
nuptial bed for Bel and Beltija nak-lis pus
naklit adv.; artistically, skillfully; SB; Streck Asb. 148 x 40; elippdti sirdte episti mda
cf. nakdlu. tisun ibnd nak-liS they constructed great
galam mu.ni.i[n ... ] : nak-lid ultabi (in ships, the product typical of their country
broken context, referring to a chariot?) Symbolae OIP 2 73:59 (Senn.); gimir mar ummdni hassiti
Bohl 280 K.6727:4. nak-li ukassipma (see kesepu mng. 2) 2R 67
atmana raSubba sa ... na-ak-lis epu an r. 20 (= Rost Tigl. III p. 74); DINGIR.MES na-
awe-inspiring temple, which was artistically ak-li-is imunu (see mdnu B) BiOr 30 180:72;
built AOB 1 122 iv 15 (Shalm. I); parakki ... obscure: summa kalbi ina suqi na-ak-lis
ina qerbidu nak-lis u abnima I had daises istanassi if dogs howl .... -ly in the street
built artistically therein (for the gods) CT 38 49:7 (SB Alu).
Winckler Sar. pl. 40:18; dira u salh nak-lis
usepisma uzaqqir hursdniS I had the inner and naklu (fem. nakiltu) adj.; ingenious,
outer walls built artistically and made (them) clever, artistic, artful, sophisticated, com-
as high as a mountain OIP 2 153:17 (Senn.); plicated; OB, SB, NA, NB; cf. nakalu.
ana muisab arritijau multa'uti beliitija nak- ga-lam GALAM = nak-lu Sb II 360; galam,
li usepiSma I had (a palace) built skillfully galam.ak.a = na-ak-lu Nabnitu E 166f.
a.ag.ga galam.ma.bi si mu.un.si.sa.
as a royal residence and for my lordly
fe(?)1 : tretusu nak-.la-a.tum a Lala utepellu his
pleasure Borger Esarh. 61 vi 12, also 63 B v 51; clever commands which are not to be changed
[ana] Marduk belija ina resisu na-ak-li-is OECT 6 pi. 17 Rm. 97:4ff.; ka.tu.gal Eridu.
epus I built (a shrine) artistically on its top ga.kex(KD) nam.iub galam.ma.me.en :
for my lord Marduk VAB 4 148 iv 4 (Nbk.); a&ip GN a ipassu nak-lat(var. -la-at) anaku I am
the exorcist of Eridu whose incantation is artful
massarti na-ak-li-is udanninma I strength- CT 16 28:52f.; A.Ag.ga nam.an.na.mu uL.
ened the defenses skillfully VAB 4 134 vi 53, 86 he en.na nig.s6.se.ki.da.na : urti aniitija
ii 21, 188 ii 37, also 132 vi 7, na-ak-li-id usashirs ame nak-lu-ti(var. -turn) a ala umdaSalu the
rind[ti] PBS 15 77:20 (all Nbk.); lion-colossi orders of my high rank, the artistically fashioned
heavens, that cannot be matched TCL 6 51:29f.,
sa ... nak-lis ippatquma which were cast
dupl. ibid. 52 r. 7, see RA 11 148:15.
artistically Lie Sar. 78:2, cf. nak-lid a[ptiq] na-ak-lu, band = dam-rqul LTBA 2 2:325f.;
Streck Asb. 172 r. 54; UDU.MES ad-di dLAMMA. na-kil-t[um], nadirtu = [MIN (= daltu)] CT 18 19
MA$.MES da aban sadi esqi nak-li(var. -li-id) K.5444a: 7f.
ibnima he made (statues of) mountain sheep 1/ le-'[u-u] Lambert BWL 76 comm. to
nak-lu
line 84 (Theodicy Comm.).
and great protective genii artistically of
massive mountain stone Winckler Sar. pl. a) said of persons: la na-ak-li-im u
39:118, also 37:38, also Lyon Sar. 17:76, and mudkinim la berem 4ipram a kindtim uAepped
187
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naklu nakmaru
how can I have reliable work done without crown prince, a sophisticated place, the
an experienced man or a non-.... hand? center of the royal administration Streck
ARM 3 79 r. 8'; massi nak-lu mudu kal sipri Asb. 4 i 24, cf. asru ellu nak-lu ina kabasisu
the ingenious ruler, expert in every craft when he (Marduk?) walks in (the temple),
VAS 1 37 ii 48 (NB kudurru); ina same sitrta a holy and intricate place K.3446 r. 14;
ina erseti Sarrata nak-lu muntalku AN [...] taransunak-lu its artfully built roof YOS 9
you are of first rank in heaven, you are king 80:12 (Ninurta-tukulti-A9sur); dGIS.IG na-kil(var.
on earth, ingenious, wise [...] Craig ABRT 1 kil)-tu 3R 66 i 29, STT 88 i 34, var. from KAR
29:7; na-ak-la-at kima manman la umassalu 214 i 21, see Frankena Takultu 5 and 25, also
she (Saltu) is (so) wily that no one can match BiOr 18 199.
(her) VAS 10 214 v 41 (OB Agusaja); as person-
d) said of learning: astasi kammu nak-lu
al name: Na-ak-lum Birot Tablettes 69 iii 2.
sa umeru sullulu I have read the artfully
b) said of thought and acts: ripittanak-la written text whose Sumerian version is
surraka tusard you have let your subtle obscure Streck Asb. 256 i 17, cf. tdhizu nak-la
mind go astray Lambert BWL 82:212 (Theod- (I wrote down) complicated lore ibid. 370 q 4
icy); [ina na]-ak-li nemeqisu usdtirsi zi-ik- (colophon).
[ra?] in his subtle wisdom he made a pre- For AAT 76a r. 2 see nagalu.
eminent name(?) for her AfK 1 22 ii 15;
sakkisu restd alkakatusu nak-la his (Enlil's) naklutu s.; ingenuity; SB*; cf. nakdlu.
rites are of foremost rank, his ways are artful lustasni n[ak-l]u-us-su let me again praise
Hinke Kudurru i 19; epsetusu na-ak-la-a-ti his ingenuity K.2523:5 and 7 (hymn to Marduk,
elis attanddu I always highly praised his courtesy W. G. Lambert).
(Marduk's) ingenious deeds VAB 4 122 i 31
(Nbk.). nakmartu s.; sum; OB; cf. kamaru v.
c) said of buildings and parts thereof: [IoG.13].GAL na-ak-ma-ar-ti igim u [igibin
ziqqurratam ... sa ... nepesusu rabi na-ak- ana 6] esip I have multiplied by six the 13th
lu (I built) a temple tower whose construction part of the sum of the reciprocal and the re-
'i-Adad
was huge and ingenious AAA 19 105 ii 6 (9am-
I), see Borger Einleitung 9; ana ekalli
... ja suhhurat subassa epistas la nak-lat-ma
ciprocal's reciprocal
216:4.
TMB 115f. Nos. 215:4,
for the palace whose area was too small, nakmartu see nagmartu.
whose construction was not artistic (enough)
nakmaru (nakamaru, nakuaru) s.; (a
OIP 2 103 v 45 (Senn.), cf. [... ]a epsetusu
storage container made of reeds); Mari, NA,
nak-la Bauer Asb. 2 49 81-7-27,70:3; (a palace)
NB; cf. kamaru v.
sa eli mahriti ma'dis uturat rabdta u nak-lat
which exceeded the former one by far, was a) for liquids: 2 GI na-ak-ma-ru ana
large and artistic lly built OIP 2 129 vi 56 alappani two n.-s for alappanubeer ARMT
(Senn.); ina bitdtesunu nak-la-a-te Girra 12 742 r. 6'; (materia medica) ina na-ku-a-ri
uSasbitma qutursunu usatbima I set fire to sa me tulabbak summa na-ku-a-ru(var. -ri)
their artfully built houses and let their hamar me ana libbi tahiaq you moisten in a
smoke rise TCL 3 261 (Sar.); sukki nak-lu-ti ina n. of water, if the n. is dry, you mix water
qereb GN tabis irmi they (the gods) moved into it Kocher BAM 49:36 (NA), dupl. ibid. 50
happily into artfully built temples inside r. 12f., AMT 41,1 iv 36f.; ilten GI na-ka-ma-ri
Dir-Sarrukin Winckler Sar. p. 36:157; alru sa 1 GUR is-bat-tum one n. holding one gur
nak-lu(var. -lum) subat piristi a sophisticated Pinches Berens Coll. 111:3 (NB); uncert.: sar
place, a secret dwelling (with ref. to temples) ru ina pan(?) nak-me-ri illak the king goes in
OIP 2 94:65, also 103:30 (Senn.); bit riditi front of the n. Or. NS 21 138 r. 14 (NA rit.,
asru nak-lu markas darriti the palace of the translit. only).
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nakmasu nakru
b) for linen (NB): ilten hulldnu ultu GI AnSt 6 156:117, cf. na-ak-me-e ittadi ina libbi
nak-ma-ru Sa 14 GADA.MES one hullanu iSati he threw the n. into the fire (thus
garment from the n. with 14 pieces of linen extinguishing it) ibid. 131 (PoorMan of Nippur);
Nbn. 660:2, cf. 1 hullanu 6 salhi ina nak-ma- obscure: ana GUD nak-me-e i-[... ] (in broken
ri Nbn. 848:9, also Cyr. 265:2, 3 Salhi ul[tu] context) AMT 17,2:8 (inc.).
na-ak-ma-ri Nbn. 104:6; napharu 18 GADA
in all, 18 pieces of nakpu adj.; (mng. uncert.); SB*; cf.
ina na-ca-ma-ru
linen in the n. Nbn. 252:6, also Cyr. 266:3,
nakdpu B.
2 kibsu ina nak-ma-ri Nbn. 146:5. la Suklulu zaqtu n hesir sinni nak-pi ubani
one who is not perfect of body, cross-eyed(?),
nakmasu s.; kneeling; SB; cf. kamdsu B. with chipped teeth, with .... finger (cannot
[...].dag : ul ap-per-ku(text -ma) i-na become a badr) BBR No. 24:32 (rit.). for par-
na-qu zirqi u na-ak-ma-si x [... ] (see zirqu B allels, see nakdpu B.
usage b, Sum. destroyed) KAR 128 r. 20 (bil.
prayer of Tn.). nakrimu s.; (a leather container for liquids);
MA, NB; cf. kardmu B.
nakmu adj.; heaped up, amassed; SB; cf.
a) for milk: 80 KUS.ME sa ana na-ak-
nakamu.
r[i-me] sa sizbi tadnuni eighty skins which
nig.lu.dr, nig.lu.ur.su.ud = na-ak-mu Nab- were given out for (making) n.-s for milk
nitu XXIII 177f., cf. (the same entries with Akk.
KAJ 240:5, also KAJ 267:18, 225:16 (MA).
equivalents sapku, sipiktu) Nigga Bil. B Ilf.
nak-ma (var. na-kam) buse Babili taSallal b) for beer: 6 KUS na-ak-ri-ma-nu ana
atta you plunder the amassed possessions keremu ,a sikari six leather containers to
of Babylon Cagni Erra IV 30; (the lock) store beer Nbn. 386:1, and passim in this text.
ndsirat buse nak-mi u makkuri guarding the nakri, adv.; like an enemy; SB; cf.
stored possessions and the goods TCL 3 nakdru.
374 (Sar.); nak-mu mackkursunu aslula I took
their heaped-up possessions as booty Borger The governors, the nobles, and the people
Esarh. 58 v 7, also ibid. 49 B 20; [... ] nak- of Ekron who had thrown Padi, their king,
mu-ti sa isittu kitmurtu duss (see kitmuru) an Assyrian vassal, into iron fetters ana RN
TCL 3 351 (Sar.); the Tebiltu river which had GN iddinuu nak-ris and had handed him
destroyed the gigunu's and kimahhisun nak- over like an enemy to Hezekiah, (the king)
mu-ti (var. pazruti) ukallimu Samsu exposed of Judah OIP 2 31 ii 77; Assur ... nak-ris
their mounded (var. hidden) graves to the li-zi-is-su may ASAur rage(?) against him
sunlight OIP 2 99:46 (Senn.); ina pkli ussd like an enemy ibid. 131:82 (both Senn.).
uddus ii na-ak-mu-ti you (Istar) give orders to In ACh Sin 35:31 read nu-kur-tu; in Sumer
restore the piled-up divine statues ZA 5 79:31 13 117:18 (= TIM 9 59) and dupl. LKA 71:11
read SAG.DU nak-si, see naksu.
(Asn. I); qirdtesunu na-kam-a-te upattima
kurummati la nibi umman usakil I opened **nakrittu (AHw. 723a) see nakkaptu
their (the enemies') amassed storage vessels usage a-3'.
and let my army eat countless provisions
TCL 3 295, also 186 (Sar.). nakru (nakaru, nakiru, nekru, fern. nakirtu,
nakartu, nakaStu) adj.; 1. foreign, alien,
nakmu s.; (mng. uncert.); SB; cf. kami B v. strange, hostile, 2. (in substantival use)
urudu.nig.izi.sig.ga = nak-mu-u roasting enemy, foe; from OAkk. on; nekru in LB,
pan(?), izi.sig.ga = ka-mu-u Nabnitu XXIII pl. nakru and nakritu (NA nakartu); wr.
166f.
syll. and (LTJ.)K1 R; cf. naklcdru.
na-ak-me-e sikin isdti umfal[li ... ] he ku-ur PAP = nak-[rum] A 1/6:1, of. kur PAP =
filled the n. with a product(?) of the fire nak-ru Ea I 260, kur PAP - na-ak-ru-um, a-nu-u-
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nakru nakru 1
urn MSL 2 130 iv 9f. (Proto-Ea); PAP = na-a[k- is-x-[...] all my enemies became reconciled Lam-
rum] MSL 9 127:132 (Proto-Aa); ku-ur PAP = bert BWL 190:13 and 15.
na-ak-ru Sb I 102; kur = na-ak-[ru(m)] Nabnitu mu.lu.gur.ginx(GlM) bar.b[i. .. .] : kima
XXII 220; kur = na-ak-ru, kur.ra = a-hu-u nak-ri ina a-hi-[u .. .] CT 42 17 r. 12.
Erimhug VI 197f.; kir = na-ak-ru Lanu A 134; erim.ma.mu ur.re.eg ba.al.mu.[un.x] :
[lui.kur] lu-gur (pronunciation) = na-ak-rum iitt ana nak-ri ittaSkan my storehouse was
Erimhu Bogh. B iv 8'; 16.kur = na-ak-rum handed over to the enemy SBH p. 80 No. 46:17f.,
OB Lu A 275; mul.lu.kir.ra = na-kar = MIN cf. ur.r[e] ku.e : nak-ri ikkal ibid. p. 78 No.
(= dSal-[bat-a-nu]) Hg. B VI 34, in MSL 11 40; 44:29ff.; [me.e] ur.re.ginx me.e kaskal.ginx :
dug 4 .ga nu.kur.ra = la n[a-ka]-ar-tum Sag anaku na-ak-ra-ku anaku ubardku I am a stranger,
Bil. B 336. I am a sojourner BA 10/1 22 No. 11:9f. and dupl.
gur PAP = nak-rum A I/6:8; gur PAP = MIN SBH p. 50 No. 25:32f.; en me.a ur.ra sag.ni.
(= nak-ru) Ea I 261; ur = nak-ru Erimhus II d b.a.ni : blu ina tahazi nak-ri ikmuru Studies
134; un = n[a-ak-rum] MSL 9 133:476 (Proto- Albright 345:15; ur.re an.da.ab.lal : kalbi
Aa); ur = MIN (= na-ak-[rum]) Nabnitu XXII uStaqlil with var. na-ak-ru it-ta-Ai 4R 28* No. 4
221; l[i.u]r.e = na-ak-rum OB Lu A 276. r. 63, see Bab. 2 157:64; uva ana nak-ri is-Sak-na :
ba-ar BAR = nak-[rum] A 1/6:214; e-ri-im uru.a ur.re ma.ni.in.ma.al.[...] Langdon
NE.RU = na-ak-[ru-um] Proto-Diri 480; lu.bal = BL No. 84: f.; uru.zu hul.di Am.su ur.ra.ai
na-ak-rum OB Lu A 408. mi.ni.[...] : unu-ka lemniS ana qdt nak-ri tu x
gaba.9u.gar = MIN (= maharu) Ad L.K1tR [...] SBH p. 119 No. 67 r. 9f.; lu ur.re : nak-ru
Antagal E c 7; nig.kurkir = MIN (= geri) Ad OECT 6 pl. 25 Rm. 2,151 r. 7f.
Lt.Kt-R Antagal G 141; sag. BU = MIN (= sanaqu) a.mu.a A.mu.a me.e mu.lu.ra ga.am.
Ad LtT.KfIR, KU.nu = MIN Ad MIN Nabnitu N 92f.; ma.da.[gam] : [... ana n]a-ak-ri lik-nu-[d]
U.A au-bat
= nak-ri Izi E 283; [...] [Rfx] (sign SBH p. 24 No. 10 r. 50f. and dupl., cf. mu.lu
name: two crossed KA signs) = ad x nak-ri ha.ma.gub : DIg nak-ra li-i-zi-za BA 5 631 r. 5f.;
Ea IV 4. urd a dug 4 .ga a gi 4.a.za : alu Sa nak-rum
sa.bi sa kur.ra : Aetu i Aetu nak-rim-ma u-Ad-nu-u // ahulap tiiru the city which the enemy
SBH p. 130:16f., cf. sasA.bi sasA kur.ra.am : has destroyed, variant: mercy was shown to it 4R
Aetu i(text -A)-i et na-ak-rim-ma KAR 375 ii 9f.; 28* No. 4r.33f., cf. a dug4 .ga a.ta.mar.ra.za :
gd in.de.de.e gu.bi gu.kur.ra : ta-as-si-i disit Sa nak-ru <usannu> u ana me sala ibid. 35f., dupl.
nak-rim-ma you (lord) have uttered a shout (like the VAS 17 55:7ff. (the last line quoted may also be
shout) of the enemy SBH p. 130 No. I 18f.; kdr interpreted as a variant translation: Aa naqru u
mah ama 4 .za [im.si].in.kar.ra.ta : nak-ru ana me salu which was torn down and thrown
gapAu matakki imau' the mighty foe has plundered into the water).
your (fem.) chamber 4R 19 No. 3 r. If., cf. kur.re qar-da-mu, a-dam-mu, tu-qu-un-td = nak-ru
im.ma.gul.gul.la 6 kur.re 9u pi.il.<pi>.il. Malku I 80ff.; ga-ru-u = nak-ru An VIII 83;
flal : a nak-ri u'abbituku bitu Sa nak-ri,uqallilusu tu-qu-un-tum = nak-rum CT 18 10 iii 48; [mas-
which the enemy has destroyed, the temple which s]u-u = nak-rum CT 18 17 81-2-4,434:7.
the enemy has desecrated SBH p. 60 No. 31:25ff., HAR / gu-a-tum IAR /I nak-ri Izbu Comm. 537,
cf. also ibid. r. If., 18f.; [gud.kdr.ra] u ku.ku : cf. urHA , = u-a-ti, UrHAR = nak-rum ibid. 183f.;
alap na-ka-ri Aamme ikk[al] the foreigner's ox BAR = nak-[ru] ibid. 363; mu-ta-nu-u = Lt.XKt,
eats grass Lambert BWL 257:11; 16.kur mah. ibid. 290; i-ba-ri //nak-ri CT 41 31 r. 25, cf. u-bar-
am ... mu.un.sig.sig.ge : nak-ru dannu ... rum // nak-ri ibid. 32:13 (Alu Comm., to Tablet
uwipanni the mighty enemy has trodden me down XLV).
4R 19 No. 3:13f., see OECT 6 38, cf. ibid. r. 1f., cf.
also u1.kur.ra : na-kar-Sd 4R 18* No. 3:4f.;
1. foreign, alien, strange, hostile (in
lu.bar.ra lu.bar.ra.am ld.kur.ra lu.kdr.
ra.an.ga.am : na-ka-rum na-[ka-rum-ma] a-hu- adjectival and substantival use): anybody
[u a-hu-u-ma] a stranger is (always) a stranger, who LT(!)-lam na-ka-ra-am ukallamuma
a foreigner a foreigner Lambert BWL 271:17; shows (this statue) to a foreign person
a. I l.kur.ra [...]: eqel nak-ri ibid. 245 v 15, (telling him: Erase his name) UET 1 276 i 17
cf. ibid. 228 iii 17; ld.kir.ra suh.suh.e.ne :
ina eSdti nak-ri during the confusion caused by the and dupl. UET 8 13 ii 9, see AfO 20 77 (Naram-
enemy 5R 62 No. 2:54, see Lehmann amalumu- Sin); if you do not send me your (silver)
kin pl.3-4:24; 16.kdr Dur.an.ki.kex(KID) : na- kaspam sa giptija u na-ak-ra-am sa PN
kar Dur-an-ki 4R 24 No. 1:51f.; Bad.ni.g al. ulabilakkuni ... abkama bring either the
bi.ld.kr.ra.u.8u : diru Aa namrirtuis na-ki-
ri sahpu Wall-Whose-Splendor-Overwhelms-the-
silver from the funds consigned to me or the
Enemy OIP 2 111 vii 65f. (Senn.); hi.kir.ra.mu foreign (silver) which PN sent you CCT 3 8b :35
t6e.bi mu.un.da.ab.DI.x : na-ki-ri-ia idtAniA (OA); la na-ak-ra-kula ahidku irka u damaka
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nakru 1 nakru 1
andku I am not an alien, not a stranger, izzaz if a foreigner in a position of trust was
I am your flesh and blood Or. NS 36 410 Kul- on duty there OECT 3 73:17 (OB let.); pi-u na-
tepe b/k 95:5, cf. la na-ka-ar ibid. 11 (OA); ak-rum [ki]am iStanassi a strange(?) voice
andku ahuka sirka u damuka andku na-ak- kept crying as follows ARM 10 50:17; note as
ru-um na-ka-ar-ma andku ana awdtika azzaz personal name: Na-ka-rum CT 4 22b: 2, TLB 4
I am your brother, I am your flesh and blood, 78:31, and passim, Na-ka-ar-tum Kraus AbB 1
only an outsider is hostile but I obey you 88:1, etc. (all OB); she may give (my silver and
Tell Asmar 1931,299:6 (early OB let.); PN kima gold) to any among my children (whom) she
la na-ka-ra-<am> ul tide do you not know loves ana LU na-qa-ri la inandin but must
that PN is not a stranger to me? TCL 7 56:20; not give (it) to an outsider HSS 13 366:23,
suhdru unu ul na-ka-ru YOS 2 38:13, cf. of. HSS 5 11:25, HSS 19 5:42 and 45, 7:44;
PN si ul na-ka-ra-am Fish Letters 3:14, also PN is the heir and PN2 ma-ra na-qa-rasa-na
awilum awil bitija ul na-ka-ar the man is a ina muhhi PN la i-pu-us PN2 will not adopt
man of my household, not a stranger ibid. another outsider as son over PN HSS 5
1:22, awilum si ul na-ka-ra-am VAS 16 69:12, 60:14 (all Nuzi); lu na-ka-<ra>lu ahd lu sakla
PN ul na-ka-ra-am Kraus AbB 1 49:16; lu sukku[ka] BBSt. No. 5 iii 10, cf. IGI.rU.
PN ana bitim ul na-ka-ar(!) PN is not a GAL.LA na-ka-ra adh la mudd 1R 70 ii 22
stranger to the house TIM 2 134:6, cf. (Caillou Michaux), amilam aham na-ka-ra MDP
PN ula na-ka-ar hatdni AJSL 32 290:9, 2 pl. 22 v 48 (MB kudurru); ul na-ka-rum s
atta na-ka-ra-ta CT 29 23:20 (all OB letters), aLhuja he is not a stranger but my brother
Kis la na-ka-ar RA 70 112:23 (OB lit.); BE 17 86:19; la mamma na-ka-ru AfO 10 5:15
inumi sarrum mdtam na-ka-ar-tdm ana serisu (both MB letters); adi(!) muhhi sa mimma na-
utiruna when the king made the hostile ka-ru iqb4 until he says something strange
(foreign) country come over to his side BIN 1 25:42 (NB let.); sabu ahi u EME(text
RA 35 47 No. 22:4 (early OB Mari liver model); KA) na-kar-tum sa ina mati GAL.MES foreign
lead us mdtam na-ki-ir-ta-am u zd'irtam soldiers and alien spies who are in the
through a strange and hostile country country IM 67692:121 (tamitu, courtesy W. G.
AfO 13 46 i 2 (Naram-Sin legend); within forty Lambert), cf. TUR+DIS na-kar-tum sa LUt.MES
days mdtam na-ki-ir-tam lu ukannis I sub- a strange creature(?) of human shape ibid. 85;
dued the enemy country RA 8 65 ii 12 (Asduni- the messengers ina birit LUGAL.MES KUR.MES
erim); [u]saznan i-na-ak-ra-ti tuqmata sa salima GAR-nu will establish peace between
ki nabli I pour the onslaught which is like hostile kings KAR 426:16, cf. CT 31 24 82-5-22,
fire on the enemy (lands) VAS 10 213 i 5, cf. 500:17, TCL 6 1:34, etc.; summa Sarru DINGIR
na-ki-ra-at DN ibid. 11 (OB lit.); sarrum KUR-ra uddis if the king repairs the image
mdtam na-ka-ar-tam itabbal the king will of an alien deity CT 40 9 Sm. 772 r. 28 (SB Alu);
annex a foreign country YS 10 :31 xi 6, of. the king will die LUGAL KUR-ma itebbima a
ibid. 28:4, and passim, i~tllu f)li na-ka-ar-tim, foreign king will arise (and throw his land into
RA 27 145:16, cf. YOS 10 40 r. 25. 6(0 : : ur
u1 confusion) ibid. p. 200:8; na-ka-ra aha ajda
man Sarrim ana ummdni na-kar-tim . .. i,~ir ba lemna liadna na-ki-ir-ta AOB 1 64:45f.
ibid. 48 r. 34 and 49:6; 2 ,arri na-ak-ru -lurn (Adn. I), cf. Lambert BWL 112:12 (Fiirstenspiegel);
irrubunimma two hostile kings will enter musappih [LUGAL].MES KTR.MES Unger Re-
(the land and lay siege to thel kig's city) liefstele 11; kaSid kibrdt KUR.ME conqueror
ibid. 36 i 30 and 32, cf. sarrum didnuniu na-ak- of (all) foreign shores AKA 63 iv 41 (Tigl. I);
ru-tum iturrunisu ibid. 45:32, lso 47:90, I caused consternation and lamentation
lam na-ak-ra-am 31 viii 35; [na-ak]-ru-um among niae nak-ra-ti the enemy people
kussim [i]bl ibid. xiii 29 (all OB ext.); as to TCL 3 158 (Sar.); the deeds which I did ina
warfare DINGIR KUR ummdnam idukkam mitdti nak-ra-a-ti(var. -te) Borger Esarh. 62 vi
a hostile god will crush the army CT 5 4:24 28; §ama5-§um-ukin §E§ nak-ri (var. la kenu)
(OB oil omens); umma eb-bu na-ka-rum adarid (my) hostile brother Streck Asb. 34 iv 6, and pas-
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nakru 2a nakru 2b
sim in this expression; Sarrdni nak-ru-ti Sunu takes him YOS 8 44:13, cf. 45:11, 56:11, 72:11,
sapla mugirri sa Sarri ... la ikannuSu (see also PN sa na-ak-rum ilqg YOS 2 32:7,
mugirru mng. 2) ABL 385 r. 13 (NA); in Kraus AbB 1 54:6, TIM 2 107 r. 5, na-ak-rum
difficult context: ki DINGIR na-ak-ru ABL ilqeneti LIH 48:7, GUD.HI.A-ia LT.KUR itbal
587 r. 7, in broken context: SAL.MES nak-ra- CT 2 48:5; if, while he is on a business journey
a-t4 ABL 878 r. 2; L.ERIN.MES na-[ak-ru]-t4 na-ak-ru-um mimma ... ustaddisu an enemy
ana bit kare irrubu BIN 1 25:7; ul na-ka- causes him to lose everything (he is carrying)
ds-ta is s she is not a stranger ibid. 42:6 (all CH § 103:26; ina pani na-ak-ri-im ina dis
NB); naphar arrdni na-ki-ru-tu AnSt 8 58 i matim ul nibtajat we could not stay overnight
43 (Nbn.); emilqu ni-ik-ru-tu Sa la iSemmu'inni in the dimtu area because of the enemy
dukunuti defeat the enemy troops who do TIM 2 107 r. 7; agium elippim aa ina na-ak-ri
not obey me VAB 3 31 § 26:48 (Dar.); as math. ihliqu concerning the boat that was lost
term: 25 NINDA SAG KUR.RA 25 NINDA is the through enemy action VAS 8 11:3, cf. 240
modified width TMB 145 No. 264:1, of. 176 MA.HI.A na-ak-ri-im Genouillac Kich 2 D 29:4;
No. 424:2 and 4, 425:1, 426:2, and passim in (woolen garments) u1.kur.ra tug.bi in.
this text. kar.re.es BE 6/2 19:7; in list of persons:
BE LU.KUfR dead through enemy action
2. (in substantival use, usually in the sing.) VAS 7 128:44-48, 56, also (beside zAg fugitive)
enemy, foe - a) in OB (letters and adm.): Birot Tablettes 68:18ff.
when I wanted to depart awdt na-ak-ri-im
, aknama there were rumors about the b) in Mari, Shemshara, Elam: a large
enemy('s coming and I could not leave) detachment went ana sahdt girri LU.KUR
TCL 18 150:20, cf. awat na-ak-ri-im imqutaf to intercept the march of the enemy ARM 2
nidsimma TCL 17 60:7, ana tu-uk-ki sdb 22:7, 11, and 14; epes kakki u dak na-ak-ri-im-
L.KUR risam likil let it be ready in case of ma only to make battle and to defeat the
a rumor of the enemy army VAS 16 186 enemy ARM 2 118:21, na-ki-ir-ni 1 our
r. 5, also final ikkilli LIU.KR ibid. 10:6; enemy is one ibid. 43:15; LTJ na-ak-rum sa
have you not heard that na-ak-ru-um ina usu [ul] ibassi no enemy escaped ARM 4
mtim nadi the enemy is camping in the 33:19; LI Elahuttim [tap]pit na-ki-ir belija
land? TCL 17 27:6, of. PBS 7 127:13; sab LU. aldkam ul ile'i the ruler of GN is unable to
KijR madumma numerous enemy troops give assistance to my lord's enemy CRRA 18
VAS 16 186:6; send me reports concerning 63 A.49:56; 50 na-ak-ra-am iddiku they
ERIN na-ak-ri-im sa GN lawdu the enemy army killed fifty of the enemy ARM 1 90:14; as
that is besieging GN RA 42 38:16 (let. of for my beheading of PN na-ki-ir belija the
Hammurapi); let the cattle come to me sum: enemy of my lord ARM 2 33 r. 5'; ittika ul
ma tibi na-ak-ri-im summa tibi habbdtim la na-ak-ra-ku I am not your enemy ARMT 13
ibassima if there is neither an attack of the 145:8, cf. na-ak-ra-atu salmat mannum idika
enemy nor an attack of brigands TCL 17 are you foe or friend, who knows you? ibid. 11,
27:18, cf. na-ak-ru-um la ikaSdassuniti the cf. na-ka-ar belija RN [ittijam]ana-ak-[ra-a]t
enemy must not get them ibid. 23, also Kraus if you are the enemy of my lord RN, you are
AbB 1 2:23; sinidu na-ak-ru-um illikamma my enemy too ibid. 14; A.SA LU.KUR u naziq
twice the enemy has come (and taken your the terrain is hostile and difficult ARM 3 8:13;
prized possessions) YOS 2 140:5; L.KtIR-ma na-ak-ri-ka ana qdtika umalla he will put
ana GN ul etiq TCL 1 53:12, cf. LU.KUR your enemies into your hands ARM 10 8:12,
litiqma TLB 4 38:31, Lj.KjTR ana libbu matim and passim in such phrases, also beli na-ak-
ibiram VAS 16 59:9, na-ak(!)-rum usdmma ri-4u likudamma ibid. 17:5, cf. awilum sa
TIM 2 92:7; [ma]har na-ka-ri-im VAS 16 76 n[a-k]a-ar-gu ... ihsusu ARM 2 29: 12, and pas-
r. 8; if a lion devours him (the rented sim in Mari; kima sa iimam na-ak-rum iteh=
slave) na-ak-rum ileqqluma (or) the enemy Mhkum kiam tmka lu sabit you should be as
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resolute as if the enemy were to attack you writing LU.KUR.KU.MES Ugaritica 5 37:9, 16,
this very day Laessee Shemshara 38 SH 887:25, and 21 (let.).
cf. ibid. 20; na-ak-ru ittalakma eria [...]
nitesid na-ak-ru abulla [.. .] the enemy left
e) in Nuzi, MB, and MA: 6 GI.MES PN ana
KTR.ME§ [it]tasuk PN shot six arrows at
[and we planted? and?] harvested the
the enemy HSS 13 195:26 (inv. of weapons);
planted fields, (but) the enemy [barred(?)]
KUR.MES sa illiku u a idiku RA 36 115:12,
the city gate MDP 18 244 r. 23f. (let.)
of. 9; for KUR.MES in (s)undu dates see
c) in Bogh.: or else summa LU.KITR HSS 14 29:3, 238:6, 643:24; ana ilrudija LU.
itebbdkkuniii ana hamatikunu ul allaka KUR ul ihatti (obscure) BE 17 33a:25 (MB let.);
should an enemy attack you I will not come if a woman is given in marriage and mussa
to your assistance KBo 1 10:31, also 15, cf. na-ak-ru ilteqe an enemy has seized her
ana mat LU.KUR alikma LU.KUR dlk ibid. r. 54, husband KAV 1 vi 47 (Ass. Code § 45).
mat LiT.KUR ... hubut ibid. r. 51; summa ana
f) in NA and NB: GN sa qanni na-la-ri
Samsi LU.KUR-ia ;stu L.KUR-ia ibassi u ana
GN, which is in enemy territory ABL 556 r. 11,
RN LU.K1R-ka ibassimma if he is an enemy
cf. na-ka-ra-ka issikunu ... ina matija ... la
to me, the Sun, then that one is my enemy
and an enemy to you, RN, as well KBo 1 5
turradaABL 463:7; abua ina mat na-ki-ri meti
my father died in enemy land ABL 186:14, cf.
iv 11 f.; anamare mat Hatti LU.KTR-sU-nu siitu
503:17, 768:14, 1333:9, wr. ina mat na-ki-re-e
he is an enemy of the people of Hatti KBo 1
ABL 19 r. 6; ildnija ina qdte LU.KIR-ia la
8:33, cf. ana lIm ilani lu LU.KfR.MES attunu
ibid. 1 r. 69 and 3 r. 17; itti salmija lu salim itti
usallimuni ABL 1002 r. 7; LU.KUR.MES-ka
liskipu lidamqitu ajabika ABL 1285:7, etc.
LU.KUR-ia lu na-kir he will be at peace with
(all NA); ma-ri na-ga-ru-ti-ni [...] ina sapal
my friend, at war with my enemy KBo 1 4 ii
Sepe sa sarri [... ] as many enemies as there
6, cf. 10:58f.; abuja itti LU.KVR.MES-U ki ins
tahhasu KUB 3 14:5f.; andku dtabak na-ak- may be (unusual writing for (am)mar nak(a)s
ritini, S. Parpola, OLZ 1979 27) [may the gods
ri.ME sa mtadti anndti KBo 1 15:24 and dupl.
(letters from Egypt); summa LU.KUR sani illaka
make prostrate] at the feet of the king (end of
ibid. 7:27, and passim in Bogh.
a greeting formula or introduction to the mes-
sage of the letter) ABL 1110:17 (NA); ajdbika
d) in EA and RS: summa la tele'u laqd[... ] takagad u mat KUR-i-ka tasallal ABL 1237
istu qdt na-ak-ri-ia if you are not able to r. 22, cf. LU.KUR-ka mala basi qdtka taktaSad
deliver me from my enemies EA 114:24, ABL 210 r. 2; ultu LU.KUR ina muihini nadi
cf. 79:41; istu na-ak-ri-iau istu hupsija minu ever since the enemy encamped against us
jinassiranni who will protect me from my ibid. obv. 11, cf. rihit LU.KUIR sa ina GN uses
enemies and my own subjects? EA 112:11; sibu ABL 960 r. 8; Sitta agC anati LU.KUR
the king should take care of his country u bubiti ina muhhi bit belika ul tadud have
lame telqusi LU.MES na-ak-ru-tu lest the you not during these two years brought
enemies take it EA 197:36, cf. ki L.KUR.ME§ enmity and hunger upon the house of your
ana mdtija ittalka EA 17:32, also sezibanni lord? ABL 290 r. 8, cf. (with Sadadu) 258:15,
istu KTR.MES da-n[u-ti] EA 318:9; gamsu 1230:5, and passim, wr. Lt.KOR; note ana mat
... istu Qati LU.K1R lusezibanni MRS 9 49 na-ki-ri ABL 1089:8 and 12, 1303 r. 7, 1363:8;
RS 17.340:11; I am a servant of my lord itti ultu ina KUR na-ki-ru anaku ever since I was
LU.KUR sa belija na-ak-ra-[ku u] itti sa-la-mi in enemy country ABL 275:5; LU na-kar
sa belija salmaku I am at war with my lord's ABL 942:12; lapani LU.KIR nipta[lah] CT 22
enemy, I am at peace with my lord's friend 38:29; ina bdb LU.KVTR sa asbak among
ibid. 12, cf. 51 RS 17.340 r. 12', 35 RS 17.132:11; enemies where I live YOS 3 164:5, etc.; in
RN itti LU.KTR-ia imtanahha[s] ibid. 285 RS these days LlP.KIR ina muhhi ili nadima
19.68:24; ERiN.MES LU~.KITR [istu lib]bi GN the enemy was encamped before the city
uhtabbitu ibid. 49 RS 17.340:18; note the (and there was famine in the land) Strass-
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mnaier, Actes du 8e Congres International No. 6:43 ibid. 98:23, and passim in Esarh., note: ana
(all NB). LU.KR-4s taddanassuni you will not hand
him over to his enemy Wiseman Treaties 127;
g) in royal inscrs., etc.: na-ak-ru-us-s'u gimir ummandte na-ki-ri lemniti OIP 2 44
ikmi he defeated his enemies MDP 14 p. 10 i 12 v 74, bahulati na-ki-ri kisitti qgteja ibid.
(Puzur-Insusinak); suati ana qdt na-ak-ri-su 95:72, etc. (Senn.); ina teneseti na-ki-ri with
limallisuma CH xliv 20, cf. na-ki-ir-su elisu foreign labor Lie Sar. p. 74:8, cf. OIP 2 117:6
iisziz xliii 90, na-ak(var. -ki)-ri elis u aplis (Senn.); kakke na-ki-ri tibite irtabsu the raised
assuh xl 30, and note sa-par(var. -pa-ar)na- weapons of the enemy came to rest Streck Asb.
ki-ri CH ii 68, var. from RA 45 73:24; kakkam 260 ii 16; aj isi na-ki-ri may I have no enemy
dannam maskas na-ki-ri RA 61 42:118 VAB 4 188 ii 46, cf. na-ka-ar-su elis u aaplis
(Samsuiluna); musamqit arri na-ki-ri-ia assuhma ibid. 174 ix 29, ka-ak na-ki-ri-im ibid.
RA 33 50 i 13 (Jahdunlim); ana mtija LU. 82 ii 31, musabbir kakku na-ki-ri-ia ibid. 130
KIUR KUR GN iterub the enemy, Hanigalbat, iv 50, also 100 ii 21 (all Nbk.), LU na-ak-ru-ti-ia
invaded my country KBo 10 1:11 (Hattusili liksud ibid. 224 ii 37, etc., LIT.KtIT zdmdni
bil.); [ia in]assiuma ana mat na-ak-ri he CT 34 34 iii 29 (both Nbn.); eli na-ki-ri usuzzu
who carries it (the statue) off to enemy ina liti 5R 66 i 27 (Antiochus I); hattu LT.KIfR
country MDP 10 pl. 10 (p. 85): 5 (MB Elam); PN imqussunuti Wiseman Chron. 62:62 (Fall of
a ina KjfR-z-ti u mundahsiti sarru belsu Nineveh); ni-ik-ru-tu iphurunimma the ene-
imuruuma PN whom the king, his lord, mies gathered and (marched against PN)
had recognized among the enemy fighters VAB 3 33 § 27:50, also 35 § 28:51 and passim in
BBSt. No. 6 i 46 (Nbk. I); ana GIS.TUKtL na- this text (Dar.).
ki-ri limnii BBSt. No. 3vi 19, also ina panina-
ak-ri-u aj izziz Sumer 20 50:32, AOB 1 66:60, h) in lit.: sd'id na-ki-ri-im who smashes(?)
92:21, and passim in Adn. I, also ibid. 142:27 the enemy JRAS Cent. Supp. pi. 7 r. i 8, cf.
(Shalm. I); sabit misrat na-ki-ri (var. KUR. ser'dn na-ki-ri ibid. 13, cf. also RA 45 174:64f.
MES) ibid. 112:19 (Shalm. I); daisna-ki-ru-ut (OB lit.); LU.KUR dan-na idkiamma JCS 11 85
Asur AKA 19:5 and dupls. (Asur-re-isi I), see iii 17 (OB Cuthean Legend), cf. limhura na-
Weidner Tn. 54 No. 60; ezib harrdnatKUR.MES kar-ku-nu dannu En. el. III 124; for three
mdddtu apart from many (other) expeditions years GN lame LTJ.KUR Uruk was under
against the enemies AKA 83 vi 49 (Tigl. I); siege by the enemy Thompson Gilg. pl. 59: 15;
summa attunu sise ana KUR.ME-ia salmeja ki sallat na-ki-ri ana saldli as if to take
tadnuni if you furnish horses to friend or booty from the enemy Cagni Erra IV 24, but
foe of mine Scheil Tn. II 25; KTIR.MES-Ut wr. LT.KTIR ibid. 62 and 64; sa ... absdna
(var. KUR.MES) AsSur AKA 263 i 27, cf. ana endu usassiku eli DINGIR.ME§ na-ki-ri-s (see
rasab nak-ru-ti KUR Assur OIP 2 152 No. 17:8 absdnu usage a) En. el. VII 28, cf. irnitti
(Senn.), and note arki KUR.MES-t DN DN eli na-ki-ri kalis uszizu ibid. IV 125, also
AKA 93 vii 39, wr. na-ki-ru-ut DN AfO 18 lira'isuna-ki-ri-ka ibid. 16; I am Istar sa
349:9 (Tigl. I), and passim; 18 lim LT.KtR ... na-ka-ru-te-ka ina mahar sepeka akkarruni
uStamit he killed 18,000 enemy soldiers (in 4R 61 i 14, cf. ibid. 9, 20, wr. LTU.K R.MES-ka
battle) STT 43:47 (Shalm. III), see AnSt 11 ibid. iv 49, and passim (NA oracles for Esarh.);
152; obscure: te-te-in-ni(var. -nu) sa na-ki-ri KA.GAL ik-kib-ki na-kar(vars. -ka-ar, -ka-ri)
KAR 260:2 and 4 (= KAH 2 143, Samsi-Adad V), the gate (named) The-Enemy-Is-Abomina-
var. from dupl. AfO 17 369; aSar nak-ri u salmi tion-to-It (is the Uras gate) Iraq 36 44:49
in enemy or friendly territory TCL 3 132, and (topography of Babylon); KA-ma ki apt4 L.KUR
passim in Sar.; ina kiditti na-ki-ri sadliuti ki useri[bu] that I opened the door, I let the
with the booty (taken) from countless ene- enemy enter KAR 71 r. 21 (egalkurra inc.); iit
mies Borger Esarh. 59 v 36, cf. sdpinu na-ki- ina LU.KUIR (vars. ina nak-ri, ina KUR LU.KUR)
ri-ia ibid. 96:10, Adgis dadm na-ki-re-e-u ikabbit ina mdtiSu he (the scribe) will escape
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nakru 2i nakrutu
from the enemy, become famous in his home KUR K1R ikkal pestilence will rage in the
country Cagni Erra V 55; nak-ru ina pan enemy country Leichty Izbu VIII 36; rigmu
abullisu ul ippattar the enemy will not LT.KUR ibassi there will be clangor of the
depart from the gate of a city (whose mil- enemy ibid. 61:3; note KITR GABA.RI same
itary might is not strong) (Sum. destroyed) (prediction as preceding, referring) to the
Lambert BWL 245 iv 55; (you enclose his enemy KAR 152:5, and passim in ext., also
body hair in a container and) ana misir LU. ERIN KUR GABA.RI CT 20 13:15, etc., see also
KUR tezzibsu leave it in enemy land RAcc. Leichty Izbu III 49 and 52.
36:25 (kal rit.); attunu nak-ru saggdsuti you
j) other occs.: (among the seven names
(demons) are murderous enemies AfO 12
of Salbatdnu) MUL na-ka-ru CT 25 45:16, see
142:8 (edin.na.dib.bi.da rit.); kassdptu nak-
Weidner Handbuch 19, also ibid. 9:12; see also
rat-an-ni the sorceress is my enemy Maqlu
(as designation of the planet Mars) Hg. B
VIII 60; nak-ri ahd JAOS 88 126 ii a 1; An.
VI 34, in lex. section.
nunitu sapinat LU na-ak-ru muhalliqat raggu
VAB 4 228 iii 35 (Nbn.); you recite the nam- The existence of the plural form nakirutu,
burbi and habbatu u nak-ru amela u [...] preserving the bisyllabic stem form nakir-,
robbers and enemies [will not attack] the suggests that such forms were interpreted
man and [his house] Or. NS 34 109:11, cf. as the participle nakiru, pl. ndkirutu. The
namburbi [...] asu L~.KR u habb[ilu ... ] two further masc. plurals, substantival nakri
RAcc. 131:58; URUki na-ki-ir Marduk asabbat and adjectival nakritu, are the plurals of
TMB 35 No. 70:1, 47f. No. 92:3, 96: 1. nakru. The predicative and stat. constr. nakar,
and the fem. nakartu, seem to be the original
i) in omen texts: if a "weapon-mark" rides forms related to nakru, whereas the forms
atop the lobe ka-ak-ki na-ak-ri-im YOS 10 nakiru, predicative and stat. constr. nakir,
33 ii 27; na-ka-ar-ka taddk you will defeat fem. nakirtu, occurring in OB and later, prob-
your enemy ibid. 11 v 5 (both OB ext.), and note ably arose by analogy with other adjectives.
atta u na-ki-ir-ka tassabbatama you and your For CCT 5 8a:31 see nagiru; for ZA 43 243:255
enemy will seize each other ibid. 50:8, ussir (Malku II) see kamaru B lex. section; for CT 12
immera duk KUR release the sheep, defeat 49 iii 47-50 (Nabnitu XXII 214-17) see nakaru v.
the enemy TuL p. 41 VAT 9518:3 (both OB nakrfitu s.; enmity, hostility; SB; cf.
behavior of sacrificial lamb), also cited Hunger Uruk nakaru.
72 r. 2; kussid la takalla sa LU.KUR-im (com-
lnand) "Do not hesitate, attack!" (given) to istu panama sa lime ERi[N].MES na-ak-
the enemy YOS 10 46 ii 48 (OB); atta u LU. ru-ut abbeni tepus from days long past you
KUR-ka tastannana KUB 37 168 iii 7; GiR ka-lat have engaged in battle with our fathers
KUR PRT 105:6; ana sarri na-ki-ri-si ukan Tn.-Epic "v" 27.
nassu as for the king, he (the god) will subject See also nakru.
his enemies to him CT 20 12 K.9213+ i 6; birit
imitti uilmma sumeli sa KUR (see biritu mng. nakrutu s.; pity, mercy; SB.
3a-2') ibid. 44 i 59 (all ext.); KiR KALAG.GA ti-ra-nu, nak-ru-fum = re-e-mu Malku V 79f.;
itebbima mdta
usalpat a mighty foe will na-ak-[ru-(u // re-e-mu], MIN // na-as-hu-ri Lambert
BWL 72 comm. to line 44 (Theodicy Comm.).
attack and overthrow the country Leichty
lzbu I 4, cf. KIUR dan-nu ibid. IV 59, also CT risisu r[emu] nak-ru-tu ana ardika have
39 29:29 (Alu); ema illaku mat KUR unnas mercy on him, (have) pity on your slave
wherever he turns he will weaken the enemy AfO 19 60:206 (prayer to Marduk); [x-z]a-me
country Thompson Rep. 35:7; Adad ina KUR aradka nak-ru-ut risu trdnu [show?]
KIR irahhis Adad will cause devastation in your servant mercy, have pity on him
the enemy country KAR 152 r. 7, cf. mursdnu ZA 61 60:208, also ibid. 206 (hymn to Nabii);
ina KUR KUR ma'du ibid. 18 (SB ext.); ilu ina [... na]-ak-ru-ut ni~iin dulla proclaim (her
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naksu naktamu
who shows) pity to their peoples AfO 19 of the severed head LKA 71 obv.(?) 11, dupl.
54:227 (hymn to Itar); nak-ru-ut ligi[s] may TIM 9 59:18.
she grant mercy Lambert BWL 72:44
(Theodicy), for comm., see lex. section, cf. agdga d) ripped, torn: subdtanak-su labsidkuma
ta-a-ra na-ak-ru-[ta] Rm. 2,164+ iii 20 (courtesy I am clothed in a torn garment AnSt 8 46:24
W. G. Lambert). (Nbn.); [.. .]-di-ik/q na-ak-su-te (in broken
context) Rm. 259:7 (SB lit.).
The etymology of the word is uncertain,
since no verb *karatu with appropriate e) slaughtered: UDU.NITA na-ak-su sa
meaning is otherwise attested; for OB kartat, muhhi maskitte [...] a slaughtered sheep
probably a variant of *hartat,see kardtu. which on the offering table [.. ] Iraq 14 69
ND 1120 r. 10 (NA), see van Driel Cult of
naksu adj.; cut, felled, cut off, severed, Asiur 202; arrabuna-ak-su ina bit amili 0l1-ir
ripped, torn, slaughtered; from OB on; Kocher BAM 458:9.
wr. syll. and KUD; cf. naksu. For KAR 382 r. 55 see naglu.
[al.kud = MIN (= [i-du]) na-ak-su Izi Q 46;
giL.gisimmar.al.kud.da = na-ak-su Hh. III naktamtu s.; cover, lid; OA; pl. nakta:
308; [gui].kud = Go-tum (= kiSadu) na-ak-zu =
(Hitt.) oGi-t[ar ... ] Izi Bogh. A 143; kir 4 .kud =
mdtu ; cf. katdmu.
na-ak-au Sag Bil. B 126 (from peripheral area). [dug.bur.zi.P]A+AN = nak-tam-tum = MIN (=
gi9.kud.kud.da.ginx(GIM) gu ki.a im.mi. kal-kal-lu-) Hg. A II 102, in MSL 7 112.
in.gam : kima issi nak-su(var. -si) 4ebri kisdssu na-ak-tam-[tum] = [MIN (= da-al-tum)] CT 18
liq-(<da-dud let his neck be bowed like a broken, 4 r. i 36 (syn. list).
felled tree CT 17 33:9f., var. from STT 179:17f.
One shekel of silver a-na-ak-ta-ma-tinm
a) cut, felled: ana gidimmarim na-ak-si- CCT 1 27a: 8 (- CCT 5 48c, (A); note (explained
im ... bel kirim itanappal he will compensate as door) CT 18 4 r. i 36, in lex. section.
the owner of the orchard for every cut date
palm BIN 2 77:18; ana ... isim [n]a-ak-si naktamu s.; 1. cover, lid, 2. horse's bit;
itappaluuniiti Haverford Symposium No. 9:15, OB, EA, Nuzi, SB, Akkadogram in Hitt.;
cf. YOS 12 434:16, 440:13; ana ... isimr cf. katdmu.
na-ak-si-[im] ... izzaz he will be responsible
nig. [du].ul = [na-akl-ta-mu-um Nigga Bil.
for (any) cut tree YOS 12 72:13; GIS.SAR B 93.
OIS.GI9IMMAR AL.KUD.DA VAS 9 218:1; qigds
tisu akkis kullat gupnisu nak-su-ti upahhirma is-pa-ar = na-ak-tam pi-i An VII 265.
ina girri aqmu I cut down his forests, 1. cover, lid - a) of vessels - 1' in gen.:
gathered all his felled trunks and burned 1 GI.PISAN sa la na-ak-ta-mu one basket
them TCL 3 303 (Sar.), also ibid. 267; [.. .] without a lid CT 4 30a:3 (OB); 5 GI.GUR.DA
na-ak-su-tum-ma ibaSkd cut [trees] are na-ak-ta-mi CT 52 160:10; 1 kukkubu ...
available ARM 6 63 r. 4'; GIS.S1.A.ME§ nak- qadu na-ak-ta-mi-su a small flask with
its
sa-a-te Rm. 2,189 r. 2f. (NA, courtesy S. Parpola). lid EA 14 ii 41 (list of gifts from Egypt); 1 nary
b) cut (stone): 24 NA 4.ZALAG na-ak-su-tum maktu qadu na-ak-ta-mi-su sa siparri EA 22
ina Babili (left as deposit) TIM 4 7:6 (OB). iv 17 (list of gifts ofTusratta); 1 UR-hu sa siparri
qadu na-ak-ta-mi-[su] HSS 14 247:80 (Nuzi);
c) cut off, severed: qaqqadu nak-su isih 11 kappi kaspi RN adi nak-ta-mi-su eleven
a severed head started to laugh CT 29 48:2 silver bowls (used by) Ursa, with their(!) lids
(SB prodigies); [Summa im]mera itbuhma qaq= TCL 3 358, parallel [11 kappi kaspi] RN adi
qassu KUD-SU GAN-44 uballas if he slaugh- na[k]-ta-me-d-nu Winckler Sar. p. 45 K.1671+
ters a sheep and its severed head stares B 29; 54 kappi kaspi suppiti <adi>nak-te-
at its ... CT 41 11:21; dA-nu ina vua [mi-d-nu] 54 solid silver bowls with their
SAG.DU nak-si i-[...] Anu [... ]-s on account lids TCL 3 360.
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naktu naku
2' as Akkadogram in Hitt.: 1 DUG.KUR 4 . gig vu = ne-a-kum, na-qd-bu-um MSL 2 144 ii 13
KUR 4 UD.KA.BAR U NA-AK-DAM-9U UD.KA.BAR (Proto-Ea), see MSL 3 223.
VBoT 58 iv 14, also QA-DU NA-AK-DAM-MI [nu.um.me.d]a.n al.pes4 .a.[en(?).e.s]e
ibid. 27, [...] UD.KA.BAR A-NA NA-AK-DAM- nu.ki.da.a.ni [a]l.kur 4 .re.en.e.se : ina la
MI na-ki-mi-i erdtme in ala aklime kabrat (see erd v.
ibid. 15; NA-AK-DAM-MA-ia-aS-ma-a
2 mng. la) Lambert BWL 241:40ff. (proverbs).
DUG.DiLIM.GAL i-ia-zi she puts two bowls on la-ma-du, ga-ra-u, e-gu-u = na-a-ku Malku III
them (two other bowls) as lids KBo 5 1 i 20, 42ff.
see Sommer-Ehelolf Papanikri p. 2*; three clay GURrTV / ga-ra- // na-a-ku TOL 6 17 r. 29f.;
us-tah-ha-a // al-um re-hu-u na-a-ku ibid. 32f.
cups 3 DUG NA-AK-DAM.HI.A (vars. I-NA 3 DUG
(astrol. comm.).
NA-AK-TA-MI.HI.A, [I-N]A 3 DUG NA-AK-DAM-
AI.HI.A) (in a ritual against sorcery) 1. to have illicit sexual intercourse, to
Jakob-Rost Ritual der Malli 20 i 6, cf. ibid. 10 and
fornicate - a) in legal contexts: la a-ni-ku-
22; A-NA DUG NA-AK-DAM-MI KUB 36 38:4 and 6.
si iSari ana bissuirisa la frubu (I swear) that
b) of other objects: x su musalu qadu na- I had no intercourse with her, my penis did
ak-ta-a[m-mi-su-nu] x pairs of mirrors with not enter her genitals PBS 5 156:3 (early OB);
their covers EA 25 iii 16, also ibid. 18, 20; summa adsat a'lli ... a'ilu issabassi la-ni-ik-
x [a]skirush[u] q[ad]u na-ak-ta-mi-su-nu ki-me iqtibiase ... emiZamma issabassi it-ti-
ibid. ii 1, iii 32; [... qadu na-a]k-ta-mi-su-nu ak-si if a man seizes the wife of another man
hurasi resu lurimtul uqni iadi ibid. i 71 (list of and says to her, "Let me have intercourse
gifts of Tusratta). with you," (and she refuses, but) he takes her
2. horse's bit: see An VII 265, in lex. sec- by force and has intercourse with her KAV 1
tion. ii 16 and 19 (Ass. Code § 12); summa assat a'ili
... ana a'ili ana ni-a-ki tattidinsi if a man's
naktu s.; (a garment or fabric); RS.* wife hands over (another man's wife) to a
10 na-ak-tu GADA MRS 6 207 RS 15.135:14; man to have intercourse with her ibid. iii 16
TUG na-ak-tum sU
GADA ibid. 15, [x n]a-ak- (§ 23); jumma ... lu ina altamme lu ina
tum GADA ibid. 6 (list of garments). rebate ... it-ti-ak-,i if he has intercourse
with her either in a tavern or in the square
naku s.; (mug. uncert.); EA; Egyptian
ibid. ii 33 (§ 14), also, wr. i-it-ti-a-ak-si ibid.
word(?).
ii 37, i-it-ti-ka-an-ni ibid. iii 5 (§ 22); ki sins
1 muballittu sihru sa hurdsi u na-ku-u. a nilta i-ni-ku--ni sebutu ubta'erus if wit-
uqni inagablatussu one small golden container nesses prove that he has had intercourse with
for aromatics and inside it(?) a lapis lazuli n. the woman ibid. ii 21 (§ 12), cf. ki ni-ku-tu-
EA 14 ii 9, of. ibid. 70 (list of gifts from Egypt). i-ni taqtibi if she says that she has been
**nakf II (AHw. 724a) In CT 39 44:14 read forced to have intercourse ibid. iii 33 (§ 23),
and passim in this text; agar PN nittabalsuma
either arkat NA (= ameli) "the possessions
of the man," or arki na-ki "after having had u it-ti-ik-Su umma PN ... la a-ni-ik-su-mi
sexual intercourse"; an uncontracted form (they said) "We brought her to PN's place,
na-ki-a-as-su is unlikely in an SB text. The and he had intercourse with her," but PN
passage remains obscure, however. said, "I did not have intercourse with her"
AASOR 16 4:8, 10,;also ibid. 15, 21; summa PN
naku (nidku) v.; 1. to have illicit sexual ... PN, lam mutiSu i-it-ti-ku if PN, has
intercourse, to fornicate, 2. I/3 to have intercourse with PN before her husband
illicit intercourse repeatedly, 3. III to permit (does) JEN 433:19, of. i-na-ak-li (in broken
intercourse, 4. IV (passive to mng. 1), context) HSS 19 3:13f. (all Nuzi).
5. IV/3 (iterative to mng. 4); OB, MA, SB,
NB; I inik - iniakfindk, I/3, III, IV, IV/3; b) in med.: amelu ~4 murus na-a-ki (var.
cf. muttatiku, muttikku, nd'ikdnu, najdktu, na-ki) marus this man has a venereal disease
niktu, *niku adj., niku s., niqiqu. Labat TDP 110:8, 10, 134:35, 178:11, 13, 15.
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nAku nakuttu
c) referring to homosexuality: summa will have illicit intercourse, and her husband
a'llu tapp&su i-ni-ik ubta'erus ukta'inuS will seize her and kill her YOS 10 14:6; assat
i-ni-ik-ku--ug ana sa resen utarrus if a man awilim i-ni-ak ibid. 5, 32:19, 47:70; entu in-
has intercourse with another and they indict nak the entu priestess will have illicit inter-
him and prove him guilty, they will have course CT 31 44 18, also AOAT 1 136 B 14
intercourse with him and turn him into a (omens); aisat ameli in-nak CT 31 33 r. 24,
eunuch KAV 1 ii 93, 96 (Ass. Code § 20). also, wr. ina-ak KAR 152 r. 12, 153 r. 23, wr.
inana-ak Boissier DA 228:43, wr. in(a)-nak
d) other occs.: [adsat] awilim ina ni-a-ki-
CT 31 44 iv 17, wr. in-nak BRM 4 12:17 (all
im issabbat that man's wife will be caught
ext.).
having illicit intercourse YOS 10 47:50 (OB
ext.); assat ameli ina na-ki ussi BRM 412:18 5. IV/3 (iterative to mng. 4): asat sarri
(SB ext.), also (with irruba) ibid. 19; [...] sa it-ta-na-a-a-ak the wife of the king will make
DAM-a i-ni-ku u usesuma (in broken a practice of engaging in illicit intercourse
context) ABL 964 r. 8 (NB); labsdku na-a-ka ACh Sama 9:45, ACh Supp. 31:56; assat ameli
halpak gurus Biggs gaziga 40:10, cited as it-ta-na-a-a-ak Labat TDP 114:38, CT 41 30:17
labsaku na-ka-ku halpdku ibid. 12:12; ina me (Alu Comm.), BRM 4 22:10 (physiogn.), DAM.
na-a-ki-im ibbani esemtum Or. NS 42 503:1 MES NA it-ta-na-a-ku-[ma] ana DAM.MES- i-na
(OB inc.). NU KU.MES wives will have illicit intercourse
repeatedly and will not stay with their hus-
2. 1/3 to have illicit intercourse repeatedly:
bands ACh Supp. 33:68 (coll.).
agim enam i-ta-na-ia-ak the high priest will
repeatedly have intercourse with the enu nakuaru see nakmaru.
priestess CT 6 2 case 42 (OB liver model), cf.
muttallik E.DINGIR.RA enam i-ta-na-ia-ak (see nakiisu s.; (mng. uncert.); SB*; cf. nakdsu.
enu mng. 2b-1'b') ibid. 3 case 44; if a man hametu ... ina bab hurri piazi n[a]-ku-4-sa
says to another man assatka it-ti-ni-ik-ku na-kis (see nakasu mng. 4b) Lambert BWL
everybody has intercourse with your wife 220:22.
KAV 1 ii 68 (Ass. Code § 17), also, wr. it-ti-ni-
nakuttu s.; fear, worry, concern, anxiety,
ku ibid. ii 74 (§ 18); assassu it-[t]a-na-a-a-k[u]
distress; SB, NB; cf. nakddu.
MDP 14 p. 50 ii 8, also Dream-book 330:78; assat
amili it-ta-na-a-a-ku CT 38 50:47f., 52 (SB a) nakutta rasj to start worrying, to
Alu), also ACh Supp. 2 119:43, wr. it-ta-na- become afraid: alak mar siprija ... ismema
ku-i KAR 152 r. 11 (SB ext.); note referring ikkud libbasu irsd na-kut-tu napistasupanussu
to homosexuality: if a man ina salte ana ul eqirma he heard of the coming of my
panm ERIN.ME§ igbiassu md it-ti-ni-ku-ka messenger, and his heart started pounding,
says to another man during a quarrel in he became afraid, and his life was worth
front of the men (of the community): Every- nothing to him Streck Asb. 60 vii 31, cf. ibid.
body has intercourse with you KAV 1 ii 86, 144 ix 41, OIP 2 156 No. 24:16 (Senn.); ana qibi;
cf. it-ti-ni-ku-2-us ibid. ii 84 (§ 19). tisunu sirti aplah akkud na-kut-ti arsema
dulluhu panita I feared their exalted com-
3. III to permit intercourse: entu assum
mand, my heart pounded, I became afraid,
la erica qinnassa us-nak (see erd v. mng. la)
and my face was anguished VAB 4 220 i 36, also
BRM 4 12:32, dupls. Boissier DA 220:10, CT 31
224 ii 53; ana epes agi hurasi libbi palih rasdku
44 iv 11.
na-[kut-ti] my heart was filled with fear
4. IV (passive to mng. 1): assat awilim about the fashioning of this golden tiara and
i-ni-a-ak-ma i[na] bitim ussi that man's wife I was in a state of anxiety VAB 4 264 i 47 (all
will have illicit intercourse and will leave the Nbn.); isdtu ultu sam imqutma Adu ums
house YOS 10 47:13; addat awilim i-ni-a-ak- mdnatesu kardssu uqallisuniti PN [iplah]ma
ma mussa isabbassimaiddk i that man's wife na-kut-tu ir~imaummdnatelu kardssu issuhma
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nalabinu nalbanu
fire fell from the sky and burned him, his a) naldsu: ina addhijakuzbu i-na-al-lu-us
troops, and his camp, (at this) PN became as I march along in procession, charm falls
fearful and anxious and moved his troops and like dew Or. NS 36 126:165 (hymn to Gula).
his camp AAA 20 88:151 (Asb.); niseja sa ina
b) nullusu: [...] nu-ul-lu-sd panatua
GN [n]a-kut(!)-tu ir(!)-ta-su-u my people in
[... ] are bedewed in front of me Biggs gaziga
GN have become afraid ABL 698:14 (NB);
39:5; uncert.: [.. . ]-ia inana-lu-us ramanija
dullia sa ibass akannaka liipus na-kutUt-tunm
(for ina nallus, or to nalsu) AfO 19 54:202
sa dullu bell la irassi here I will do the work
Istar).
which is to be done, let my lord have no (prayer to
concern about the work CT 22 184:21; ana nalbabu s.; rage; SB*; cf. labdbu A.
mimma mala ittija na-kut-ta-a la taresa' do zi-i zi = na-al-ba-bu Idu I 42.
not worry at all about anything around me
ibid. 6:7, cf. ana PN ul aspur mimma nana-al-ba-bu-uk eziz[u] your rage is anger
kut-ta-a la tu-[.sar]-sa-a' ibid. 147:18; lu md6: ZA 61 54:117 and 119 (hymn to NabU).
du na-lout-tum astassi I became very much nalban adv.; all around, completely; MA,
afraid ibid. 130:9; PN dibbz la dibbi iddububu NA royal; cf. lamu v.
na-kut-tu rassi PN spoke ambiguous words,
alsu ana na-al-ban hirisa lu ihrus he dug
(because) he was afraid ABL 131 r. 9 (NA).
a moat all around his city KAH 2 84:55, cf.
b) ki (or aki) nakutti out of concern, [... na]-fall-ban hirisa i/ahrus KAH 2 88:7;
anxiety, anxiously: ki na-kut-t? altaprakka dira ana na-al-ban lu albiu I surrounded
I have written to you out of concern CT 22 the wall completely KAH 2 84:46 (Adn. II);
237:24, also TuM 2-3 257:14; ki na-kut-ti ana E.KUR si [a]nana-al-banlu aksur I reinforced
ahheja altapra CT 22 155:19, also ibid. 75:10, this temple all around AKA 210:22, wr.
101:23, 142:19, TCL 9 91:19, YOS 3 131:12, E.KUR si na-la-ba-na lu aksur ibid. 346 ii 134
Iraq 18 54:18; k na-kut-ti adi 7-si anasarri (Asn.).
belija altapra out of concern, I wrote seven
Reiner, AfO 23 89ff.
times to the king, my lord ABL 892:16, also
ABL 542 r. 20, aki na-kut-tu' YOS 3 186:28, nalbanatta adv.; like a brick mold; SB;
UCP 9 58 No. 2:13, and passim in NB letters. cf. labdnu A.
c) other occs.: zeru ... ina na-kut-fti( !)1 summa bitu na-al-ba-na-at-ta nadi if a
saknat the field (is not irrigated and) is in a house is constructed like a brick mold CT 38
precarious condition BIN 1 76:25 (NB let.); 12:77 (SB Alu).
DN-ina-na-kut-tu-alsika I-Cried-to-You-in- von Soden, ZA 45 64f.
Fear-DN AnOr 9 4 v 39, BIN 1 163:16, BE 8
47 passim. nalbantu see nalbattu.
nalabinu see nalbanu. nalbanu (nalabinu, nalbinu) s.; brick
nalagu v.; to dew; SB; I illus - inallus, mold; OB, SB, NB; pl. nalbinanu; cf.
II; cf. nalsu. labdnu A.
[se-em] A.AN = za-na-nu-um, na-la-a-.um 6.gil .. ub = na-al-ba-nu Nabnitu E 184,

MSL 2 127 i 25f. (Proto-Ea); se-eg A.AN = na-lau but cf. pisan gii.u.ub.ba Proto-Izi I 274;
Diri III 126; A.AN = na-la-u Studies Landsberger gi~..u.ub = na-al-bat-tum = na-al-ba-nu Hg. II
36:36 (Silbenvokabular A); ki.[I]M.seg = [a-ar 94, in MSL 6 111.
n]a-la-1i Kagal C 159, ki.[I]M.xg.ga = [MIN] itu u.§ub lugal.kex(KID) lugal i.ub sig 4 .
ibid. 160ff. ge : ITI na-al-ba-anLUGAL LUGAL na-al-ba-na ilabs
[seg.ginx(GIM)] ki.a im.mi.in.46g : [kima bin (see labnu A lex. section) KAV 218 A i 28f.
na]-al-Ai ina erpeti ina-al-lu-u (the demon) falls and 34f. (Astrolabe B).
on the earth like dew CT 17 27:3f.
na-la-Au = za-na-nu CT 18 24 K.4219 r. ii 3, and a) in gen.: 29 GIS na-al-bi-nu (between
dupl. LTBA 2 2:310. hoes and trowels) YOS 6 146:4, cf. ibid. 17;
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nalbagu nalbattu
10 GIS(text ma) [n]a-al-bi-na-nu (followed 1. (a fine cloak, for kings and gods):
by suppinndnu) GCCI 2 7:3; bricks ina GIS 1 GADA hirum na-al-ba-su [...] (sent to the
na-la-bi-nu .a Eanna according to the king) ARM 2 139:23; 1 tapal na-al-ba-$i
(standard size of the) brick mold of Eanna nadndti I have given one set of cloaks
(for context see kamaru A s. usage a) EA 112:44; note GADA.ME§ // ma-al-ba-si
YOS 6 236:7 (all NB); 10 libnati ina na-al-ba- RA 31 126:9 (= EA369); age bilitisu na-al-ba-
ni-ia rabe ukebbir I made (the wall) ten bricks ds iltisu CT 15 39 ii 6 (Epic of Zu); Sakkan
thick (using) my large brick mold (as bel kubsi lubtii u na-al-ba-si provided with
standard) AOB 1 76:41, 86 r. 4 (both Adn. I), headband, clothing, and cloak KAR 19 r.(!) 4,
(beside nalbattu line 54) WO 2 42:51 (Shalm. III), TiG(!).MAH(!)-im kubsim lubusti sarriti ibid.
wr. na-al-ban-ia OIP 2 131:62 (Senn.); imta 7, see Ebeling, Or. NS 23 211; sarritu ki ilqu
isu ina na-al-ba-ni it (the scorpion) has na-al-ba-si ittalbis when he assumed the
venom, (it is) in the brick mold Nougayrol, kingship, he put on a cloak LKA 73:14, also
RA 66 141:9 (OB inc.), cf. (scorpion hiding in r. 17; na-al-ba-si my clothing (is [...])
a brick pile) CT 38 38:62, cited amaru A LKA 28:11.
usage a-2'.
2. nalbas seni fleece: samna iskuru na-al-
b) in math.: na-al-ba-an SAHAR MCT 132 ba-ds sgni uqqiru they used up the oil, wax,
Ud 3; 5,24 na-al-ba-an SIG4 .AB 3,22,30 and wool (all over their lands) OIP 2 109 vi 87,
nazbalsa 5,24 (is the coefficient) for a brick 122:19, Sumer 9 162:13 (Senn.).
mold of half-bricks, 3,22,30 (is the coefficient)
3. nalbas same clouds (lit. garb of the sky):
for its load ibid. 4, cf. ibid. 6, 9, 11, and 13,
summa Sin ina tamartisu 1ma AN.MA salim
133:14, 5 sa na-al-ba-ni MDP 34 27:45.
if the moon at its first appearance is as dark
Ad usage b: Neugebauer and Sachs, MCT p. 138. as the "garment of heaven" ACh Sin 5:2, dupl.
ACh Supp. 2 Sin 2 r. 15;na-al-ba-dsAN-e lib:
nalbaSu (malbasu) s.; 1. (a fine cloak), ba[tiq an]a sisite Addi let the garb of the
2. nalbas seni fleece, 3. nalbadsame clouds; sky be rent by the boom of the thunderstorm
Mari, EA, SB; malbasu in EA; wr. syll. and Lambert BWL 169 i 17; uncert.: on the 18th
(in mng. 1) TtG.MAIJ, (in mng. 3) AN.MA; day AN.MA illabbiS he (the king) shall put
cf. labau. on a nalbas same Thompson Rep. 151 r. 9.
TtGSu-turMA = tuzzu, na-al-ba-[Au] Hh. XIX Landsberger Date Palm 38f. n. 134. Ad mng. 3:
141f.; [TojG.MAH].dingir.r[a].kex(KID) = na-al- Weidner, AfO 7 115f.; Oppenheim, JNES 8 180f.,
ba-Su = gad-la-lu-u sa DINGIR Hg. D III 426, also 187 n. 25.
Hg. BV 23, in MSL 10 141 and 138; tig.gu.nig.
HAR.ra.ak.a = tuzzu, na-[al-ba-u] Hh.XIX 114f.;
[u-tu-u]r TfTG.MAH = tuzzu, na-al-ba- 2 Diri V nalbattu (nalbantu) s.; 1. brick mold,
139f. 2. (a geometric figure); OAkk., OB, Mari,
ba(text ma)-a (var. tu-ba) ME = Sd TdTG.ME SB; pl. nalbandtu; wr. syll. and (GIS.)U.SUB;
(text: TtG.BA, var. BAR.DUL) na-al-ba-As(var. -Au) cf. labdnu A.
Ea I 240; tu-ba ME = na-al-ba-aum MSL 14 128
No. 10 i 23 (Proto-Ea); [ba]-a ME = Ad TITG.ME gi s.ua-u-u ub = na-al-bat-ti Hh. VII A 169;
na-al-ba-s A I/5 i 9; mu-u TOG - la-ba-Au (var. na- gi§.u.ub.sig4 = MIN li-bit-ti, gi§.u.ub.sig4.
al-[bal-u) Ea I 165; tug.ba, tug = na-al-ba-Su al.ur.ra = MIN a-gur-ri, gi.u.ub.[dim] =
Hh. I 25-25a; s.tdig.tg.la - la-bi na-al-ba-i [MIN rik-su], gis.u.sub.aab.ba = [MIN ap-tum]
Lu IV 100. ibid. 170-173; gii.u.bub = na-al-bat-tum= na-al-
Tt G.MAH-um - na-al-ba-Su(var.-Si) Malku VI 87, ba-nu Hg. II 94, in MSL 6 111; giS.uh.ub.dim
var. from An VII 177. MIN rik-su = MIN pa-fi-ri, gih.ii.ub.ab.ba =
MIN ap-tum = bir-ri Aa KA ap-ti ibid. 95f.; gi§.u.
na-al-ba-a4AN-e = er-pe-e-td Malku II 106.
sub, gig.zi.zi = na-al-bat-tu Nabnitu E 185f.
AN.G(t, AN.MA = na-al-ba-alAN-e 2R 47 K.4387 sig4 nu.§ub gii.l.§ub nu.dim : libitti ul
iii 34f.; AN.MA (//> pi-it-nu Sa AN-e ACh Adad naddt na-al-ba-an-ti(var. -[tu]m) ul bandt a brick
29:4; AN.MA [/ ... ] ACh Sin 5:3 (all astrol. had not been laid, a brick mold had not been made
comm.). CT 13 35:3; [sig ba.an.iub] gil.d.iub ba.
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nalbattu nalbitu
an.du : [libittu iddi na-a]l-ba-an-ti ibtani ibid. 2. (a geometric figure) - a) trapezoid(?):
37:36. n[a-a]l-ba-tam ina libbu na-al-ba-tim epeam
hpi eSgaUB (i.e., [GI.tr].UB) NA DIM // na-al-
ban-ti Ltr
ba-nu-u CT 41 25:5 (Alu Comm., to
how to make a n. within a n. Sumer 7
Tablet XIV). 139:14; ina libbu na-al-ba-tim kippatam
epesam ina libbu kippatim na-al-ba-ta(!)-am
1. brick mold- a) in gen.: na-al-ba-na- (see kippatu mng. 2a-1') ibid. 20f. (OB).
tum (in obscure context) Gelb OAIC 43:6
(OAkk.), for gi .i. ub see Civil, RA 61 68 n. 2; b) truncated pyramid - 1' in math.:
GIS..SUB 20 imtahar ... GIS.T.USUB nsantam
GIs.tU.sVB.SIG 4 .AL.iR.RA brick mold for agur:
ru bricks BE 6/1 40:3; 1 GI na-al-ba-tum e[lq]e a n.: (its base forms) a square of 20,
CT 6 20b:21; 1 GI.I.UTTB Aro Kleidertexte (and) I have taken another n. TMB 51 No.
99: If., also 43 No. 87:1 (both OB).
No. 7:2; 4 na-al-ba-na-tum A 21924:5; 1 na-al-
ba-tu[m] 1 kiskirrum a agurrim one brick 2' referring to an ornament: x gold 4 na-
mold, one kiskirru board for baked bricks al-ba-na-tim sa ina mudSari ippatru (for)
ibid. 11, for other refs. see kiskirru mng. four gold n.-s which have become detached(?)
la (all OB invs.); obscure: summa GIS.t.SUB from the muSSaru stone ARM 74:2; f shekel
ziqip marri LU KiT.BABBAR IGI(!) (see ziqpu of gold 2 na-al-ba-na-tim ana ihzi sa 1 tad-
A mng. 2) CT 38 8:43 (catch line), 9 BM me-et NA 4 .BABBAR.DILI for two n.-s for the
65466: 1, also, wr. (T.SUB AfO 14 pl. 3 ii 9 (all inlay on one .... of pappardildstone ibid. 6;
incipits of Alu Tablet III), see Weidner, AfO x gold 6 na-al-ba-na-tim sa PN (all summed
11 360. up, with other gold ornaments, as x gold ,a
ana siprani SU.TI.A marl ummeni for work
b) for ceremonial and ritual use: libndtisu to be done, received by the craftsmen)
ina marre GIs.U.sUB.ME sa ereni lubanni ibid. r. 3.
I carefully made bricks for it with spades Ad mng. 2: Goetze, Sumer 7 140; Thureau-
and brick molds made of cedar wood WO 2 Dangin, TMB p. 43 n. 3.
42:54 (Shalm. III); ina GI.T..UB.ME sinni
piri usi taskarinni musukkanni ... udalbina nalbetu s.; 1. cover, wrap, 2. (metal)
libitta I had bricks made in brick molds of plating; MA, NA; pl. nalbate; cf. lamd v.
ivory, ebony, boxwood, and wood from the 1. cover, wrap: 1 lubulta sa GADA na-al-
Makan tree Borger Esarh. 20 Ep. 22:12, cf. be-ta sa libbi tupninnate eliani take one cloth,
ina GI.iT.s B u musukkanni hibisti riqqe a linen n., out of the storage chests KAV
libnati albin AfK 2 98:16 (Asb.); alle marre 99:17 (MA).
GIS.U.SUB.MES ina sinni pzri use u musuk
kanni lu abni I made hoes, spades, and brick 2. (metal) plating: 12 na-al-ba-a-te hurasi
molds of ivory, ebony, and wood from the siddu [... ] twelve gold platings (attached)
Makan tree VAB 4 60 i 42 (Nabopolassar), na- to the (long) side Craig ABRT 1 78 ii 18 (NA),
al-bat-tum (in broken context) BHT see Iraq 12 40, cf. Se'itu na-al-ba-a-te [...]
pl. 7 ii 33 (Nbn. Verse Account); after the well IGI.MES GAB [... ] ibid. 20 (description of the
has been dug and is ready for its water lama bed of Marduk).
GIS.U.SUB nadimma agurri basami (and) nalbinu see nalbanu.
before the setting up of the brick mold and
the forming of bricks Or. NS 40 149:59 (SB nalbitu (nelbitu) s.; (a metal instrument
namburbi). or utensil); Mari.
ni-el-bi-tdi (followed by nebiru, other column(s)
c) in comparisons: umma naplastum broken) KUB 3 109:4.
kima na-al-ba-tim YOS 10 9:1 and 4 (OB ext.); [x] na-al-bi-tu 10 oIN.AM (with other
umma tirdniZ kima GI.i.vB BRM 4 13:38 copper implements sent to the king) ARM 2
(SB ext.). 139:19.
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nalbubu nalu
nalbubu adj.; raging, ferocious; SB; cf. Aa usi 41 bronze n.-s for use by a barber,
labdbu A. five bronze n.-s, their handles of ebony
zi-i z[i] = na-al-bu-bu A III/1:152; zi la-ba-bu // EA 14 iii 6f., also ibid. ii 61; 29 na-al-pdt-ttu sa
na-a[l-bu-bu...] A III/1 Comm. A 5; la-ba-bu // kaspi qa-at-su-nu taskarinnu u ui sa serta
l[a]b-bu I/am-ri // na-al-bu-[bu] x x-ru Comm. B 6 ikezziru ina libbiunu (see kezeru) ibid. ii 55;
to A III/1; [...]= na-al-bu-bu (followed by sihtu)
1 na-al-pdt-t sa kaspi sa bit samni watha
Erimhu§ III 155.
na-al-bu-bu (var. na-al-bu-<bu>) = ez-zu Malku sumsu one silver n. for (use with) the oil
I 72; na-al-bu-bu = na-an-du-ru ibid. 76; na-al- container, the word for it (in Egyptian) is
bu-bu I seg4 Lambert BWL 34 comm. to line 86 watha ibid. ii 53; 4 na-al-pdt-t ' supri sa
(Ludlul I Comm.). hurdsi four golden n.-s with claws(?) ibid. ii
na-al-bu-bu (var. [na-al-bu-u]b) tappe unam, 10 (list of gifts from Egypt).
garanni my comrade is in a rage, he denounc-
b) other occs.: x minas of iron for the
es me Lambert BWL 34:86 (Ludlul I), also cited
fabrication of five hoes, one ax x maqarrdtu
A III/1 Comm. A 6; I had an engraving
4 na-al-pa-a-ta u isten napkapu (given to a
made on an alallu stone (showing) mushussu
blacksmith) Nbk. 92:6, cf. 2-ta na-al-pa-a-ta
na-al-bu-bu a raging dragon Borger Esarh.
(received by the carpenter) 82-7-14,377:5.
85 r. 50.
note LI.NAGAR na-al-pa-tum 82-7-14,1592:5;
naldar see naltar. 6 na-al-pat-a-tu parzilli (among iron tools
received by the ironsmith) BIN 1 173:5, 2-ta
naliS (or najalis) adv.; in the manner of na-al-pat-a-ta ... ina pan PN LU.SIMUG.UD.
deer; SB*; cf. najalu. KA.BAR (for making a stand for a kettledrum)
sitet sise ummdnisu sa ... na-a-lis ippars GCCI 2 54:2; ina me na-al-pa[t-t] sa pahhdri
sidusuma la illiki iddsu (I gathered together qdtka tasappu (see sabz mng. 2a) Kocher
from the steppe) the rest of the horses of his BAM 3 i 32; na-al-pa-at-tum UET 5 882:12
troops which fled from him (as swiftly) as (OB list).
deer and which did not accompany him 2. given value (as math. term): what is
OIP 2 52:35 (Senn.). the original weight of my stone? na-al-pa-
at-tum 7 11 25 50 the given values are 7, 11,
nalmu (nirmu) s.; foundation; syn. list.*
25, and 50 TCL 17 154 r. 25, see TMB 72 No.
dubur, na-al-mu, duru4su, ni-ir-(mu> = i-du 147:7; atta ina epieika [2 n]a-al-p[a]-at-ti
LTBA 2 2:327ff., cf. dublu, ni-ir-mu, duru4u =
i-du An IX 44ff.
mislim [u] 3 na-al-pa-ti [s]alusti tal[a]ppat
in working out this problem you note down 2,
nalpattu s.; 1. (a small bowl or ladle), the given for the value 1, and 3, the given for
2. given value (as math. term); OB, EA, SB, the value TMB 71 No. 138:11f. (all OB math.).
NB; pl. nalpatatu; cf. laptu. For refs. wr. GIS.DILIM.TUR see tannu.
lu-ud DUG = luffu, na-al-pa-t A V/1:118f.; Salonen Hausgerate 2 345.
lUt-utU[DUG] = [na-al-pa-tu] Antagal G 111; lu-ud
DUG.DUG = lu-ut-tum, na-al-p[a-tum] Proto-Diri nalu (namsu, naisu) s.; dew; OB, Bogh.,
421-421a, cf. DUGlu-UdDUG = lu-ut-tu, na-al-pa-tum SB,NA; cf. naldu.
UET 7 76: 14f. (Proto-Diri); [lu-ud] DUG.DUG =
lu-ut-tu, [na]-al-pa-tum Diri V 251f.; DUGlu-udDUG se-eg A.AN = na-al-u Diri III 125.
= luffu, na-al-pa-tum, ikinnu Hh. X 143ff.; [tu].ra 9eg.[ginx(oiM)] mu.un.9eg.ga.ta :
gis.dilim.tur = tan-nu, na-al-pa-tum (var. na-al- [ultu] mursu k[ima na-a]l-4i iznunu after disease
pat), gig.dilim.i = MIN Hh. IV 176-178; ka. had rained like dew KAR 375 r. iv 25f.; see also
sal.la UD.KA.BAR, DUGlu-udDUG -- [na-al-pa-tu] CT 17 27:3f., cited nalagu lex. section.
Nabnitu G1 ii 109f. [d-a]-la : MIN (- dSa-la) id nam-e CT 24 40:50;
dSa-la = MIN (= dSa-la)nie u na-al-Mi CT 25 10:38.
1. (a small bowl or ladle) - a) used in
hairdressing: 41 na-al-pdt-t sa galldbi a a) in gen.: [in]a &srgti ibbara lidaznin
siparri5 na-ral-pdt-t a siparri[q]a-at-u-nu lijtarriq ina miimma lidaznin na-al-ia (var.
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nalu naltar
na-as-[sa]) in the morning let him (Adad) For Craig ABRT 1 81 K.2608:13, see namtaru.
make a mist fall, and during the night let him Biggs gaziga 19.
furtively make dew fall Lambert-Millard Atra-
hasis 74 ii 18, cf. ibid. 76 ii 32; [musa]znin na- **naltaptinu (AHw. p. 725a) read ndair
al-si ina serret samdmi (Marduk) who lets wu'urti belisu, see MSL 12 243 s.v.
dew fall from the udders of heaven AfO 19
61:9 (SB prayer to Marduk); na-da-a imbara naltar (naldar, ndtar) s.; (a quality of
suripa ... [ina] balu amaS ul innandin gold); NB.
KBo 1 12 r. 5, see Ebeling, Or. NS 23 213; tilti 1 MA.NA hurdsu na-a-tar eper sadisu sa sa:
ume imbaru anat na-al-[si] mist for nine giru ina libbi jdnu ki 15 MA.NA kaspi ina pani
days, dew for a year Maqlu V 83, sandt PN one mina of n.-gold, mountain ore, in
inbari u na-ds-i years of mist and dew which there is no .... , worth 15 minas
KAR 460:18 (SB ext.); ki hanne zunnu na-al- of silver, at the disposal of PN TCL 13
ci(var. -su) ina (SA) eqletikunu tameratikunu 211:1, also BIN 1 114:1, cf. eperi a KU.GI
lu la illak kum [na]-al-s4pi'ndti ina mdtikunu na-[a(l)-tar(2)] UCP 9 104 No. 44:4, see
liznuna (just as rain does not fall from a eperu mng. 5b; 12 GIN kaspu imn 1 GIN
brazen heaven) so may rain and dew not hurdsi na-al-tar twelve shekels of silver, the
come upon your fields and your meadows, price of one shekel of n.-gold GCCI 1 324:2;
instead of dew, may burning coals rain on 10 GIN hurdsu na-al-tar ana 12 GIN.kM ana
your land Wiseman Treaties 531 f. 2 MA.NA kaspi ina qdt PN mahir ten shekels
of n.-gold at the rate of twelve shekels (of
b) in comparisons: libli kima na-al-si silver per shekel) received from PN for two
may he (the demon) vanish like dew CT 23 minas of silver YOS 6 112:19; 37 GIN salsu 1
10:18; naspihi kima imbari tebe kima na-al- GIN kaspu im 3 GIN halluru LAL hurdsi na-
si scatter like mist, rise like dew AfO 23 al-tar 371 shekels of silver, the price of three
40:14, 41:32 (SB fire inc.), cf. itti na-al-[si ... ]
minus one-tenth shekels of n.-gold GCCI 1
itti dsri na-[...] (in broken context) TuL
391:3; 3 GIN 4-tu4 bit-qa hur5si na-al-[tar]ana
p. 157 DT 48 ii 2 (SB inc.); zunnani kima na-al-
12.AM ana 121 GItR 2 (PI) 3 (BAN) sulu[ppi]
si drop down (leprosy and jaundice) like dew ... mahi[r] three shekels, one fourth and
(go down to the nether world) AfO 23 43:30, one eighth (of a shekel) of n.-gold at the
parallels K.6057+ (courtesy W. G. Lambert); rate of twelve (shekels of silver), received
issuh kima na-al-si miii elija ustessi he for 121 gur, two PI, 18 silas of dates YOS 6
removed (the persistent complaint in the 242:11; 1 MA.NA 3 GIN hurasi na-al-dar sa
head) like the night dew, took it far from ina utiini aknu ina libbi 7 oGIN hurdsu ina
me Lambert BWL 52:15 (Ludlul III); kima utuni indatu 1 MA.NA
151 GIN hurdsu <ana>
sirih kakkabi ana erseti limqutma kima na-al-
piddnu ina pan PN 83 shekels of n.-gold
si erseti rapasti[liznun] may (the evil demon)
which was placed in the furnace, from it 71
fall to the ground like a shooting star, may
shekels of gold was lost in the furnace (i.e.,
he settle on the wide earth like dew LKA 70
during refining), (the remaining) 751 shekels
ii 24, see TuL p. 52; kima na-al-,i sa kak=
of gold was given to PN for checking(?) Nbn.
kabi ... la tahallupi serrdnis do not slip
431:9; 6 MA.NA hurdsu na-al-tar huru sa
past the cap of the door pivot like dew from
ina qdte tamkdri mahra ana utini six minas
the stars PBS 1/2 113:53 and dupl. (Lamastu);
of n.-gold, gold which was received from the
kima na-as-gi irimmu izannan jewels rain merchant, for refining GCCI 2 39:20; 7
down like dew Lambert, MIO 12 50:11 (OB
MA.NA 12j GiN hurs4u na-al-tar sa ina [x]
lit.); na-al-si mirat Anim la tumasdar do not
x ina ut ni(?) nikcun seven minas and 12
release the dew of the daughter of Anu
shekels of n.-gold which we placed in ....
Biggs $aziga 18:7.
in the furnace GCCI 2 75:7, also ibid. 1; 6
See imbaru discussion section. GIN hurdsu na-al-tar la pitqu a PN six
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naltiptu nalu
shekels of unsmelted(?) n.-gold belonging to there, alas! BRM4 9:58; u.nu.mu.un.na.[...]
PN Evetts Ner. 49:1; x hurdsu na-al-tar u.nu.mu.u[n.na.ku.ku] : ul i-na-al [...] ul
isallal SBH p. 115 No. 60 r. 16f., cf. ibid. p. 54
u-rat bdbi GCCI 2 141:2. No. 27:17; sa.ab.mi mu.un.na.a sa.ab.ma
naltiptu see nastiptu. mu.un. [... ] : ina libbija a-na-lu ina libbija a-ma-
[...] SBH p. 28 No. 12 r. 6f.; Tun.Tcu.bi gis.ma
na'lu (ne'lu) s.; (a disease); SB. su.su i(var. in).na : sihtiritusu ina elippi tebZti
ni-lu (see gihhiritulex. section) 4R 30 No. 2 r. 10f.;
[a].gizzalx(GI§.Tv.PI.1Ri-tend.sfL), [a].ri.a = see also (ni-lu or sal-lu) SBH p. 37 No. 18 r. 4ff.,
na-ah-lum MSL 9 77:32f. (OB list of diseases). cited salalu lex. section.
se.nir.ra (var. lu6 e ba.e.nir.ra) sgigidru.
MIN ne-'-lum ditto (= [if a man suffers
so na.a.ab : zakutka ina hattim su-ni-[il] ....
from?]) n. (preceded by MIN bu'sdnu sabit) your cleaned barley with a stick Farmer's Instruc-
STT 279:11. tions 18; a.sig SAG.GO.KUD anse.kex ba.ni.
in.na : a[sak]ku ina ure sis8 us-ni-il-ma (see
nalu see najalu. asakku lex. section) 4R 18* No. 6:8f., sukud.da
t.oGUG.ginx ba.[na].a : .ihu kima urbati us-na-al
nalu (nidlu) v.; 1. to lie down, 2. I/3 to it lays the tall one flat like a reed CT 17 25:36,
lie down again and again, 3. II to lay flat, also, with u-ni-il ibid. 29:17f.; urd ki.ur.bi.ta
4. sunilu to make someone lie down, to lay ba.da.an.na : ala ina duruiu ul-te-ni-il SBH
flat, to lay out for burial, to lay in a grave, p. 73 No. 41:9f.; mas.ku dug.ga ugu.na ba.
da.na : urika ellu tabi* eliSu Su-ni-il-ma let a
bury, to preserve in salt or sand; from ritually pure goat lie at his head in the proper way
OAkk. on; I inil (also indl) - indl (inial)- BIN 2 22:199, see AAA 22 94, cf. te 16.tu.ra.kex
nil (also ndl), 1/3 (ittenil, ittanajal), II, III; u.me.ni.[na] : ina geh marsi Su-ni-il-ma CT 17
wr. syll. and NA, KI.NA; cf. majdl Istar, 11:75f.; sa.par dagal.la ki.dagal.la na.a
u.me.ni.ub : kima saparri rapsi ina asri rapsi
majaltu, majdlu, najalu adj., nilu adj., utilu. u-ni-il (var. Su-ni-'-il) idima cast (the spell) like
[de-e] [RI] = [n]a-a-lu Sa Voc. F 3'; de-e RI = a wide net lying over a wide area CT 16 45: 147 f.
na-[a-lu] A II/7 ii 8. NA = na-a-lu, t-tu-lu, ra-[ba-su] Izbu Comm.
gis.ildag.sita.na.a = MIN (= adaru) Sd ina 91ff.; Su-nu-ul-lu <//> na-a-lu TCL 6 6 i 20f.
ra-a-fi-S4 ni-lu Hh. III 146; [ab.amar.n]a.a (ext. comm.), see mng. 4f.
= sa bur-Sa ni-lu Hh. XIII 339g, cf. ibid. 190.
[e.oIi.r]A.na.a = 4e-im Ad ina GI .PA §u-nu-lu 1. to lie down - a) from the base *nil:
Hh. XXIV 175.
kima ... ina siniki ni-lu-ma that he lay in
za.e dim.me.de sah.ginx(oiM) na:zu (var.
h 6 .mi.[x x].bi) : atta ina epe~ika kima Oahe lu-u your (fer.) lap TCL 1 10:18 (OB); andku ul
ni-lat you (stone) should lie there like a pig when ki sdSuma a-ne-el-la-am-ma ul atebbd dur ddr
you are worked on Lugale XI 22; mu.na.bi must I not lie down as he does, never again
ku.ga.bi kur.re ba.an.da.na : ina erdiu to rise? Gilg. X v 22, also ibid. ii 14, cf. a-ne-el-
elletu anitmma i-ni-il a stranger lies in his (the
god's) holy bed SBH p. 70 No. 39:13f.; gis.na. la (in broken context) Gilg. VIII i 12; majdl
da.na nam.ba.na.u.de.en (var. nam.ba.na. ni-la-a-ti lu zardtu let the bed you (fem.) lie
na) : ina eri4u la ta-na-al(var. -la) do not lie in in be a tent KAR 69 r. 16, see Biggs aziga
his bed CT 16 31:111, vars. from STT 161 r. 10f.; 77 (SB inc.); iSt jima and uma ni-lu-ma
ur.re us.ba xA am.mi.ib.bi : eflu Aa ina i-a
ni-lu (see etlu lex. section) SBH p. 122 No.70:20f.;
sarrat Ereskigal u Erra queen Ereikigal and
ur.lu.tu.ra.kex(Kim) gi 6 .na u.me.ni.nA : ina Erra lay (together) for one day, for another
siun margi mu ni-il-ma at night lie (down?) in day (etc., up to seven days) STT 28 iv
the lap of the sick man STT 173:55f.; a..u.gir. 11, also ibid. vi 37 (Nergal and Ereskigal); [Summa
bi gig ba.an.ak.e gig.bi tu.ra ba.na : zikaru u sinnis]tu ina majali i-ni-lu-ma
meretuu margi epla marcgi ina murgi ni-il his
limbs are like those of a sick man, like a sick man zikaru z su itb[uk] if a man and a woman lie
he lies ill 4R 17:51f.; [gud kir.ra] i ki.kit in bed and the man voids his excrement
[gud ni].ba.a [di.Sim].e ba.na : alap nakari AMT 66,2:8, also ibid. Iff.; [in] damim da-
Aamme ikkal alap ramaniSu birid ni-il (for translat. ni-al you will lie in (your) own blood
and dupl. see biri) Lambert BWL 257 v 13;
Westenholz OSP 1 7 i 2 (OAkk.); itemdu ni-la
[<].ouo4.ginx ba.an.nd [...] : [k]Lma urbati
ni-il [... ] he lies there like a reed CT 17 20 i 70f.; ina qabutte they went into hiding, lying in the
[me].li.e.a i.nd [...] : i-nim-ma a-na-lum I lie stable (obscure) MDP 18 252:1; [...] KUR SU
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nalu nAlu
pargdnis i-ni-lu .... will lie down in security PN NA-ma tabrit mdi inattal PN lies down
CT 30 38 K.9084 i 9 and 11 (SB ext.); (if there and has a dream ZA 43 16 r. 1 (SB lit.);
are two middle "fingers" of the lung) GI.NA Summa amelu qabladu lu ina aldkigu lu ina
ni-la-at NT GI.NA GUB.BA the normal one is KI.NA-si TAG.GA.MES- if a man's hips hurt
lying, the abnormal one standing Labat him whether he is walking or lying down
Suse 3 r. 31, also 32; summa amitu ikbisma AMT 60,1 ii 22; Summa kalit imittiSu ikkal
ubdnu eli imittiSa ni-lat if the liver is bent Suma ina muhhisa NA-al if his right kidney
and the "finger" lies over its right side hurts him and he lies on it Labat TDP 104 iii
TCL 6 1:31, of. CT 30 49 5.986+ r. 10 (SB ext.), 13, also ibid. 14ff.
but ittatil (see utilu) YOS 10 31 viii 23; see also 2. 1/3 to lie down again and again: ina
Lugale XI 22, SBH p. 70, p. 122, STT 173, 4R 17, erSi id-di-ni-i-lu DN izib rihissu ikkarSi
Lambert BWL 257, CT 17 20, 4R 30 No. 2, ill again and again they lay down on the bed,
lex. section. Enlil left his seed in the womb CT 15 5 ii 1 (OB
b) from the base *ndl: marusmi u ina lit.); ina majltu miui tdbi it-ta-na-a-a-lu
GIS.NA na-al he is sick and lying in bed Sitta [tdbta] they lie night after night on the
AASOR 16 56:10 (Nuzi); stone charms for a nuptial bed in sweet sleep SBH p. 145 ii 21;
man ina kasdti ina-al (when) he lies down at immatime PN itti mutisu it-ta-na-a-a-lu (for
dawn (and is afraid) Kocher BAM 386 iv 13, parallels ittdl, ittillu see utulu) as soon as fPN
wr. NA-al ibid. 361:47; PN asar daltim lu has lain with her husband HSS 5 80:33, HSS
na-al PN should sleep at the door KT Hahn 19 80:7; asar ta-td-ni-li-ni every place where
6:28 (OA), cf. ina kutal dalti li-na-al CT 4 5:17 you sleep BIN 6 1:7 (OA); at-te-'-i-la ina
(rit.), see KB 6/2 44; AD-si li-na-alsittasu li: sepe Nabi I always sleep at the feet of DN
qatte let his (the baby's) father lie down and Craig ABRT 1 5:5 (NA); summa ... magal
sleep his fill KAR 114:10, dupl. LKA 143:10 it-ta-na-a-a-al if (the sick man) lies down a
(inc. to quiet a baby); ina biti parsi asarspu great deal Labat TDP 64:57, also, wr.
parsat li-[n]a-al let him sleep in a secluded erroneously ik-ta-na-al STT 89:193, of. AMT
house where access is limited ABL 1405 r. 9 76,5:12, ittisu it-ta-na-ia-al KUB 37 64a:5,
(rit.); a-na-al-ma ina sat mici Nintinugga ... (in broken context) CT 39 47 r. 17 and 19, wr.
appalisma I lay down and in the middle of it-ta-na-al AMT 35,6:6; obscure: itti Marduk
the night 1 saw DN (in a dream) VAB 4 278 Sarpdnitu at-te-ni-i-la itti sarri belija at-te-
vii 11 (Nbn.), cf. majalqaqqar i-na-al ibid. 274 ni-i-la arru la umassaranni ABL 1034 r. 5f.
ii 41; ebirtu nari ibirma i-na-al seri he (NB).
crossed over to the other side of the river and 3. II to lay flat: sa ... umman GN u-na-
slept in the desert Iraq 27 6 iv 13 (NB lit.); i-lu ki sbe who laid the army of GN flat like
see also CT 16 31, BRM 4 9, SBH p. 28, p. 54, a reed(?) AOB 1 134:13 (Shalm. I), cf. mun:
p. 115, in lex. section. dahhislsu n-ni-li kima iibe WO 1 57:18.
c) from either *nil or *ndl: imdtma ina 4. Sunulu to make someone lie down, to
erseti ul NA-al he will die and not be buried lay flat, to lay out for burial, to lay in a
(lit. lie) in the earth Dream-book 328:81; grave, bury, to preserve in salt or sand -
i-na-al (present, see AHw. 725a) BM 13928:19 a) to make someone lie down: Dilbat ...
(OB); ina TUR-s4 NU NA tR-si itabbal he must hirdtikunu ina sun nakrikunu li-id-ni-il may
not lie on his .... , or else (a demon?) will DN let your wives lie in the lap of your
take away his .... KAR 178 r. iv 61 (hemer.), enemy Wiseman Treaties 429; the patient
cf. NA-ma sutta immar STT 73:68, cf. ibid. 51, uniqa ... ina KI.NA ittiSu u-na-al KAR
84, see JNES 19 33, also ina uri ina hEdme 245:2, dupl. LKA 79:3; urbus bili nii u-
NA-ma JRAS 1929 283 r. 16; bumma amilu nu-la the cattle are at rest, the people are in
Ki.NA-ma ,ittau eliu tabat if a man lies down bed AnBi 12 283:37 (prayer to the gods of the
and sleeps well AMT 47,1:1, also ibid. 3 and 5; night).
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nalu namaddu A
b) to lay flat: gatti rapsat uruba'iS us- 87, AMT 86,1 i 1-8; [ina ki]mahhi kimtisu
ni-i-la (var. us-ni-il-lu4) they bent my robust tus-ta(var. omits -ta)-na-al-sd-nu-ti you
figure over like a bulrush Lambert BWL 42:69 place them (the figurines?) in his family's
(Ludlul II); ummdndt GN ... itti ummandt tomb CT 23 17:28, var. from KAR 21:17, cf.
ON,-ma kima iibe lu (var. omits) us-na-il ina kimahhi tus-na-al K.13406:6', itti marsi
I laid flat the troops of GN, as well as the [...] NA-al-su-nu-ti KAR 234:15, see TuL
troops of GN 2, like reeds(?) AKA 40 ii 20, also p. 134.
46 ii 80, 78 vi 5, (with var. lu umessi) 77 v 94 (all
2' other occs.: ina GN sa irammu us-ni-il
Tigl. I), for parallels see mng. 3; sarrumat nakri
he buried (the gods slain by him) in Dunnu
us-na-al Labat Suse 3 r. 54 (ext.); set damiqti
which he loved CT 46 43:12, also ibid. 17 and
tarsat gisparr ka u-<nu>-lu-[in]-ni (vars. su-
23 (SB lit.).
nu-lu-u-ni, su-nu-lu-i[n-ni]) the good net is
stretched, the traps (to catch) you are laid out e) to preserve in salt or sand: pagar PN
STT 215 iii 18 (inc.) and dupls. (courtesy I. L. suatu ina tabti us-ni-il-ma (the king of Elam)
Finkel), cf. saparsa Suparruru ana ajdbi su- laid the body of that PN in salt (and gave it
nu-ul-lu her (Istar's) spread net is laid to to my messengers) Streck Asb. 60 vii 40;
(trap) the enemies AAA 20 pl. 90:9 (Asb.); (materia medica) ina tdbti tus-na(!)-al you
MAS.KI-i-tum tabku sa 7 ahhsu diku 7(?) lay in salt Kocher BAM 12:13, also AMT 78,1 iii
hatdnsu su-nu-ul-lu (see hatanu usage b) 7, AMT 82,2 ii 2, also ibid. 23,2:15, and, wr. NA-
PSBA 23 pl. after p. 192 line 8, cf. su-nu-la-ak al Kocher BAM 22:26, 23:9, Or. NS 40 148:53
ibid. 1. (namburbi), AMT 15,6:13, 57,10:3; bindt usi
qabe sa ina bdsi u-nu-lu goose eggs out of
c) to lay out for burial: [uS-n]a-al-ka-a-ma
dung which have been preserved in sand
ina majali rabi ina majal takni us-na-al-ka
2R 60 No. 1 r. iii 14, see TuL p. 19.
I will lay you (Enkidu) out on a grand bed,
I will lay you out on a well-appointed bed f) other occs.: isdihu ameli su-nu-ul-lu
Gilg. VII iii 41f., also VIII iii 1. (see isdihu usage b) TCL 6 6 i 19 (SB ext.),
for comm., see lex. section; anaku ina uznika
d) to lay in a grave, to bury- 1'in magic
lubsi u abi waradka awatam izibam annikiam
texts: a ... me napistija ina qabri us-ni-
su-ni-la-am A XII 51:20 (Susa let., courtesy J.
lu who have placed the "water of my life"
Bottero), cf. annikiam lu-us-ni-il-su ibid. 10,
in a grave Maqlu I 108, cf. sa eper sepeja ina
also summa ina kittim waradka andku assum
qabri us-ni-lu KAR 80:30, r. 1, of. 4R 59 No.
abija awatam te-ib-ni-in(?)-ma supramma
1:17, ri[his]su [itti miti] su-nu-lat Biggs a-
lu-us-ni-il-su ibid. 13; see also (referring to
ziga 66 i 13, also 69:12, dupl. Kocher BAM 205:10;
measuring a barley pile) Hh. XXIV, Farmer's
sumi inala tabtiizkuru is-qi.MU us-ni-lu STT
Instructions 18, in lex. section.
76:16 and 77:16, see Laessoe Bit Rimki 38; sals
meja itti miti tu.-ni-il-la ... salmeja ina sun For UET 4 188:17, see nasaru; for ARU 131
(= ADD 62) see ,alamu.
miti tus-ni-il-la you (pl.) have placed figu-
rines of me with a dead man, you have namaddu A (namandu) s.; 1. measuring
placed figurines of me in the lap of a dead vessel, 2. measurement; from OA(?), OB on;
man Maqlu IV 29f., also ibid. 48f., also ina pl. namaddtu; wr. syll. and DUG.NINDA;
KI.TA dKi.-bu us-ni-lu AfO 18292:30, cf. itti cf. madadu A.
mititi us-ni-lu Speleers Recueil 312:13; Sa [gi.ninda] - na-man-du Hh. VII A 212; gin,
kiSpi epSu ina erseti su-nu-lu salmicja (I) [ninda] - na-man-du = u-r[il-[tum] Hg. A II 104.
who am bewitched, I, figurines of whom in MSL 6 111; dug.ninda = na-[man-du] Hh. X
have been placed in the ground Biggs 196; [dug.ninda] = [na-man-du] = kup-pu-ut-tum
Hg. AII 82, in MSL 7 111; gu-ur NINDL -= na-man-
Saziga 28:1; salmiiu su-nu-lu figurines of
du Sb II 194; kur NINDAXX = [mi-in]-da-du,
him were laid down (cause of an illness) [na-ma]-an-du EA 351:6f. (Diri); [gu-ur(?)]
Labat TDP 176:3, also BMS 12:54, see Iraq 31 NINDx DUB(?) = na-man-du A VII/1:48; [...]
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namaddu B nam'adu
NINDAX BAL = pa-an na-man-du, pdr-sik-tum ibid. a) referring to kings: RN ... na-mad
34f.; [...] NINDAX ID = pa-an na-man-du, pdr- Assur AKA 94 vii 56 (Tigl. I); na-mad Istar
s[ik-tum] ibid. 36f.; gi.[gur] = [MIN (= pa-a-nu)
sd na-man-di], gi.gur.[x x] = [MIN 4d MIN] Weidner Tn. 15 No. 7 i 7, and passim in Tn. I;
Nabnitu I 132f.; gis.ba.ri.ga(text .ti) = pa-an na-mad Sin ibid. 26 No. 16 i 15; na-mad Igigi
na-man-du (in group with parsiktu and maltaktu) ibid. 30 No. 17 i 11; na-mad ilani rabdti ibid.
Erimhus V 113. 8 No. 2:10, 34 No. 22:4; na-mad [... ] ibid.
lid-da GI.A.DIA = [na-man]-du Diri III 31;
No. 22:1; na-mad Adad AKA 183:40, 265 i 33,
dug.dal, dug.dal.a = tal-lu, na-as-sa-pu = na-
man-du d A.MES Hg. A II 55f., in MSL 7 109; 385 iii 130 (all Asn.).
[si-la] [KUD] = na-ma-du sa CGI.MAR A 111/5:178.
b) other occs.: DN na-mad-di DN 2 Ninlil,
measuring vessel: ina sa-[ni]-tim na-
1. the beloved one of Assur AKA 62 iv 35 (Tigl. I),
na-di-ni [51 GN [... u] sahirtam [... .] addin na-mad d[... ] KAH 2 90:21 (Tn. II), na-mad
(uncert.) RA 59 40 MAH 16158:4 (OA); 2 DUG SA [....] Winckler Sammlung 2 1:37 (Sar.).
na-ma-ad-du SU.TI.A PN DUMU PN 2 ina bit PN 3
Seux Epithetes 184.
srbitihn (entire text) BM 81483:1 (OB); mala
na-ma-an-di-im samnam ana qadistim addin namaddlitu s.; region, area; Mari.*
1 gave a full measure of oil to the qadistu darrutum [ha]ttum u kussum na-ma-ad-du-
woman Fish Letters 8:11; ina DUG na-ma-ad- tum elitum u saplitum anaRN nadnat the king-
di-im sa 5 GiN KU.BABBAR 4amnam liddinu; ship, the scepter, and the throne, the upper
nikkum let them give you five shekels of sil- and the lower regions have been given to
ver's (worth of) oil in the measuring vessel Zimrilim ARM 10 10:15.
YOS 13 108:3; ana na-ma-di-su utarru they
Moran, Biblica 50 46 n. 2.
will return (the barley) (measured) according
to his measuring vessel CT 6 35b:9 (all OB); *namadu see nam'adu.
f
Pe ana na-ma-an-diki uterru ina cunukkisa
nam'adu (*namadu) s.; 1. majority,
iktanak when 'PN returned (the barley?) to the
remaining greater part, 2. increase(?),
measuring vessel, she sealed (it) with her seal
excess(?); OA, NA; cf. madu v.
BE 17 95:10 (MB let.); 3 na-ma-an-du-usi[h];
riti sa kaspi bu-u-me-er sumsunu three small 1. majority, remaining greater part: the
silver measuring vessels, their name (in scribe convenes the primary assembly (lit.
Egyptian) is burner EA 14 ii 42; 1 DUG na-ma- small and big) balum awili rabiitim nam-e-
[anl-[du ra]b4 [sa kaspi] ibid. ii 35 (list of gifts dim wedum awilum sa nikkassi ana tupsarrim
from Egypt); note as Akkadogram in Hitt.: ula iqabbima but without the (consent of a)
Ii-TU NAM-MA-AN-TI KUB 10 13 iv 17, 6 NAM- majority of the big men, no single "man of
MA-AN-DU LAL 6 i.NUN 6
NAM-MA-AN-DUM accounting" can order the scribe (to convene
NAM-MA-AN-DU I.GIS KUB 17 28 iii 32f., NAM- the primary assembly) JSOR 11 122 No. 19:7,
MA-DUM KBo 11 24 i 7, see Goetzo, K1F 1 202 see MVAG 33 No. 290; summa ina Jibe isten
n. 4; 10 DUG na-man-di 82-7-14,1091:2 (NB); ina barisunu ina KaniS lassu nam-a-dam
I DUG.NINDA 1 DUG hussu VAS 6 31:2 (NB); seridama if one of the witnesses is not
obscure: KA.DUB.BI KA.DIB nam-ad-du NA.BI present in GN, lead the n. (to the Gate of the
nam-ad-du LA (possibly to nam'adu) Kraus God) TCL 19 76:25; u sa nam-e-dim taddnam
Texte 23:17f. ula imu'u and they are not willing to hand
over anything of the n. CCT 2 31b+ 32b: 18,
2. measurement: annati na-ma-d[a-ti] sa
cf. perhaps TCL 14 1:32, TCL 19 44 r. 22, OIP
GIS.SU.A.MES these are the measurements of
27 58:36; mimma ana Sa na-am-e-dim la id:
the tree trunks (description and measure-
dinniati he did not give us anything for the
ments follow) ABL 130:7 (NA).
(representative) of the n. KTS 18:14; ga
Salonen Hausgerite 2 289ff.
... ittuppim idti na-am-e-dim laptu (gold)
namaddu B s.; favorite, beloved one; SB; which is recorded on the tablet together
cf. mudddu. with the n. CCT 3 18a: 17 (all OA).
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namallu namarku
2. increase(?), excess(?): 4 TUG saddin alsi bardritu qablitu u na-ma-ri-tum (var.
S[a] na-me-de ABL 568 r. 6, see Martin Tribut- nam-ri-tum) I have invoked the evening,
leistungen 40ff., cf. (in similar context) 4 TUG midnight, and dawn watches Maqlu I 3, wr.
addin SIG5 .ME S a mitzte Iraq 23 42 ND EN.NUN.ZALAG.GA (preceded by bardritu,q.v.)
2672:29, see Postgate Taxation p. 388:12f., see Labat TDP 14:74f.; u[lt]u simetdn adi na-
also namattu; uncert.: umma sis4i ammte ma-[ri-ti] Iraq 27 6 iv 8; tismari ilatni na-
sa pi-i-te na-me-de ina qtika ittuqtuni if ma-ri-tu praise the dawn, O our goddess
those horses of the .... fall into your hands (uncert., incipit of a song) KAR 158 ii 21.
ABL 310:6 (all NA).
namarku (nemerku) v.; 1. to stay behind,
Larsen The Old Assyrian City-State 319ff. to lag behind, 2. to be late, to be in arrears,
namallu s.; bed; syn. list*; foreign word. 3. III to delay; SB, NA, NB; IV immerki
(immeski, immarki)-immerekki (immarakki)
na-ma-al-lum = er-u SU.KI bed in Subarian
- namarku (maska' Dar. 10:16), imp.
CT 18 4 r. ii 27.
muSka' (TCL 13 215:6), IV/2, III.
namalu (namlu) s.; ant; OB, EA; WSem.
word. 1. to stay behind, to lag behind - a) said
of persons: ipndnni muqqu arkidmma andku
ki na-am-lu tumhasu la tiqabilu (for am-mir-ki the weak one who was behind
context see naSaku mng. la) EA 252:16; as passed me, and I stayed behind STC 2 pl.
personal name: Na-ma-lum JCS 9 61 No. 80:60, see Ebeling Handerhebung 132; PN ...
7:12; hypocoristic: Na-ma-la-tu[m] JCS 9 arra belsu la im-mir-ku-ma PN was not far
100 No. 94:3, UCP 10 155 No. 89:18, CT 8 44a:3, behind the king, his lord BBSt. 6 i 37, also
BE 6/1 1:9 (all OB). i 27 (Nbk. I); PN annaka li-mar-ku dullu sa
Harris, JCS 9 100; Oppenheim, Dream-book sarri belija lepuu let PN stay behind there,
n. 59. let him do the work for the king, my lord
namalu s.; (mng. uncert.); SB.* ABL 311 r. 12; la-am-mar-ku nise ... lupah:
hira I will stay behind and gather the people
summa suprasu na-ma-li mald sulluta u Iraq 36 200:5; isseja [...] ina mdti i-ta-mar-
sima [...] if his fingernails are full of n.-s, ku-u they stayed behind with me in the
are split, and have red spots Kraus Texte 22 country (in broken context) ABL 153 r. 15;
iv 1. issen ... ul im-mir-ka none stayed behind
Probably refers to cracks or spots on the ABL 960:3 (all NA); if the king says: Where
nails. are the remainder of the troops? LU.GAL.E
na-mar-ku the major-domo is staying behind
namandu see namaddu A. ND 2631:28, see Postgate Taxation 384; ana
namanSu'u see namadu'u. muhhi dulla sa ildni a ... am-mir-ku-u
dulla uq-te-[tu.. ] ABL 968:11 (NB); PN ki
namanu s.; (a medicinal plant); pharm.* illika ... ina paniSu at-te-mir-ka when PN
u na-ma-a-nu tam-LIS : u [...] Uruanna I came, I was delayed because of him Lands-
647; P na-ma-nu K6cher Pflanzenkunde 36 ii berger Brief p. 8:7; mishu igammaru andku
13 (pharm. inv.). am-me-rik-ki they will finish the amount
assigned to them, but I will stay behind
namaritu s.; dawn, third watch of the YOS 3 17:51; PN ina seri la im-<me>-rek-ku-
night; SB; pl. namaratu; wr. syll. and
[4] gabbi ana Eanna Sibildnu PN must not
EN.NUN.ZALAG.GA; cf. namdru v.
stay behind in the country, send all here to
[u4 .zal.la] = na-ma-ra-tu[m] Kagal G 30, for Eanna BIN 1 82:11; ana muhhi kardni u
other lex. refs. see namirtu.
hiihti Sa tadpuranniat-te-me-ed-ki as for the
an u 4 .zal.le.da.ka [...] : ina amd ina na-
ma-ra-ti [...] in the sky at the third night watch wine and the things needed about which you
[...] SBHp.105No.56:12f. wrote me, I was late YOS 3 88:10 (all NB
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namarkiu namaru
letters); 1-et LfT.BAN-ku-nu ultu kddu sa sarri in being fulfilled ABL 1432:20, cf. na-mar-
la ta-mere-ki (see kddu mng. lb-2') AnOr 8 ku-u (in broken context) ABL 1423:4 (both
41:16; PN ... mus-ka-' (see aSdSbu usage NA).
c-3') TCL 13 215:6 (both NB).
3. III to delay: it-ta-x-4-nu us-sa-mar-
b) other occs.: 1 AB.GAL ... ki ta-am-miki-S[4-nu ... ] ammar im-mar-ku-u-ni ina
ir-ku-u PN itabaksu when one cow stayed [GN?] la uramme he .... -ed them, delayed
behind, PN led it away YOS 7 159:5 (NB); them, and did not leave in [GN?] all those
if the Pleiades ina sitqulti Sin im-ma-rak- who lagged behind K.9462:14f. (NA, courtesy
ku-ma lag behind at the conjunction with S. Parpola).
the Moon ACh Supp. 2 66:20, 25, cf. kakkab
namartu s.; first appearance (of the moon);
same gabbu it-ta-mar-ku-u all the stars lagged
OA*; cf. amaru.
behind Thompson Rep. 251 r. 9.
istu hamu[stim] sa PN i-na na-ma-ar-ti
2. to be late (in fulfilling an obligation), DINGIR [URTDU] ilqeu they borrowed the
to be in arrears - a) with the person as copper from the hamustu period of PN at
subject: sa it-ti-mes-ku-u(or: 10) GIN kaspa the neomenia ICK 2 45 A 8 = B 5, see Balkan,
iturra whoever is late (in fulfilling the OLZ 1965 148.
contract) will pay(?) ten(?) shekels of silver
In the cited OA ref. namartu corresponds
VAS 6 46:17 (NB).
to Bab. tdmartu.
b) with the outstanding amount or For 2R 49:56 see namru adj. mng. lb-4'b'; for
obligation as subject: rihit esrd ... sa ina ABL 130:7 see namaddu A.
pani PN ... im-mes-ka-a4 (sheep) the rest
of the tithe, which are in arrears (remaining) namaru s.; (a word for quiver?); lex.*
with PN YOS 6 233:6; suluppu mala ina libbi kus.na.ma.ru = AU = ka-ri-im-til-du Hg. A
im-me-re-ek-ku-u appi 30 GUR ana 1 mana II 183, in MSL 7 152.
kaspi inaddin as many dates as are in arrears namaru s.; clearing, path; SB; cf. namaru
he will deliver at the rate of thirty gur v.
(dates) to one mina of silver BE 9 64:9, also
na-ma-rum = gir-ru [4a qisti?] CT 18 4 r. i 25;
(with ebiru as subject) BE 10 29:9; ina suluppi
... sa panisunu im-mir-ku-u 82-7-14,155:12;
na-ma-ra// KASKAL I I9d GI .GI U GI .TIR (com-
menting on ina SAG.DU.MU na-ma-ra, obscure)
dates sa ina kalakku im-mer-ku-4 82-7-14, JNES 33 332:38 (med. comm.).
52:4, note: dates sa ... ana kalakku ina Bds. peteat Ser'i mustesirat na-ma-ri (I am
bili mas-ka-' (or (im>-maS-ka-') Dar. 10:16; Nance) who opens the furrows, who puts the
kaspu ina seri ul im-mar-rek-ki no silver path(?) in good order (uncert.) Or. NS 36
should remain abroad Nbk. 64:22, also, wr. 118:35 (hymn to Gula).
im-mer-ki BRM 1 45:6, cf. kaspu mala ina
[...] im-mir-ku-i Nbn. 966:10; (such and namaru (nawdru) v.; 1. to dawn, to shine
such serves as security until the creditor is brightly (said of heavenly bodies), to burn
fully paid) kaspu mala [...] i-mere-ku-u hus brightly, to clear up (said of an eclipse),
bulla inandin he will pay interest on any to have a light color (said of ominous features),
silver that remains in arrears Nbn. 581:11; to become clear, intelligible, 2. to brighten
mimma ina u'ilti sa ina muhhi PN PN, u PN3 (said of one's countenance, mood), to cheer
im-me-rek-[ku] PN, ittir PN4 will pay in full up, to become happy, radiant, to celebrate
whatever remains due from PN, PN 2, and PN3 a festival, 3. nummuru to illuminate, to
according to (this) contract BE 8 25:23 (all clear up an eclipse, to make glisten, sparkle,
NB); dul-la-ka nu-mar-ku PSBA 18 pi. 1 gleam, to make brilliant, to whiten, to make
(after p. 255) 81-11-3,478 iv 2 (NB school text); a person (slave) look fat, healthy, to clear up
pilkadunu na-mar-ku their obligation is late the vision, to expose to the light, to clear up
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namaru namaru
troubles, 4. nummuru to brighten the ASKT p. 79:28; dadag.ga : lim-mir (in broken
countenance, mood, to make happy, radiant, context) 4R 23 No. 4:9f.; bar nu.zalag.ga :
kabatti ul im-mi-ir my mood did not turn bright
to prepare a festival, to make festive, ASKT p. 117:23f.; u.ri.in ma.GiR.IA.A zalag
5. nummuru to light a fire, to set fire to, ku 0 .ku 1 0 .ga.[a.mei] : urinni sahpftusa na-ma-
to kindle, 6. nummuru to free, 7. II/2 to be ru uu (1 [unu] they (the demons) are vultures with
made bright, to clear up, 8. III to light, spread (wings) that darken the daylight CT 16
42:8f.; nam.ti.la nig.zalag.ga.nu.me.a
kindle a fire, to illuminate, to make shining,
ug[u.n]a nam.BAD.a a.na.am.mi.ni.diri :
brilliant, to keep (the sight) sharp, to make balata §a la na-ma-ri ana miti (var. miti) mind utter
radiant, happy, 9. III/II to brighten, il- what profit has life without light over death?
luminate, light up, to kindle, to make (a Ugaritica 5 164:13f., also 165:10f.; zalAg.ta
building) gleam, to make radiant, 10. IV to mu.un.si.ib.kuo.ku 0.ga zalag.ta ki dUtu.e
he.ni.ib.zi.zi.ne : a ina na-ma-ri itenekkila
become bright; from OAkk. on; I immir ina na-ma-ri aAar sit Samsi lissuhuSu what becomes
- inammir - namir, OA, OB also iwwir dark at morning they should extirpate in the
- inawwir - nawir, 1/2, II, 11/2, III, morning where the sun rises CT 17 35:80f.;
III/II, IV; wr. syll. and ZALAG; cf. munams zalAg.[ta nam(.mu.un.da.ku 4 .ku 4 .da)] : [ina
na]-ma-ri MIN (= la terrubdu) ASKT p. 92-93 iii 31,
miru, musanmirtu, namdritu, namaru s., nas
see Borger, AOAT 1 10:176.
mirtu, namrirrii,namris,namritu,namru, nams gig.a sila.e.sir.ra u 4 .zal.l1.e.de(var. .da).
rutu, namurratu, namurru, nimru B, niru D, kex(KID) su.na he.e.da.an.gl : mi iu suqu
nummuru, numru, numuru, nuru A, nuru A suld u na-ma-ru(var. -ri)ina qdtidu lu naii let it be
in bit niri, nuru A in sa nari. carried in his hand at night, through all the streets,
za-la-ag UD = na-ma-rum A III/3:58; za-al NI

even at daybreak CT 16 45:151f.; Am.u 4 .zal.la.
kex gig.gar.ra.zu : Aa urri ana mfi4i ta4kunu
na-ma-ra ana mati taprusu you who have turned
9a
= na-m[a-ru] Idu II 206; za-al NI = na-ma-rum day into night, (variant:) you who have deprived
MSL 9 149 ii 10' (Proto-Aa); NI = na-[w]a-a-rum the land of light SBH p. 77 No. 44:18f.
MSL 14 123 No. 9:381 (Proto-Aa). nam.t[i.l]a [igil.gal.sag.ga ... he.en.ba.
[bu-ui] BU = [na-m]a-rum Sb I 120; bu-u BU = ni.ib.gar : balda na-[m]ar kabatti ... liirukdu
na(text A)-wa-[r]u-um MSL 2 143 i 22 (Proto-Ea); may he grant him a life of happy mood 4R 12 r. 11f.
[bu]-fu(?)1 BU = na-ma-rum, nu-um-mu-rum A VI/ (coll. W. G. Lambert); ka.su.lim nam.lugal.
1:185f.; le-er BU = na-ma-ru ibid. 197. la.bi. se e.A.sig.ga GiR.ga ba.ni.ib.si.sa.e :
si-i [sI] = na-ma-rum A 11/4:169; lu-um LUM Kasulim papdh belitisu im-me-ra mali riJdti
= na-ma-ri A V/1:62; mu-lu Min = nabatu, Kasulim, the cella of his lordly residence, became
napahu, na-ma-rum A II/6:29ff.; bar = na-ma-ru, shining, filled with laughter 4R 20 No. 1:19f.;
Sa-am-Su RA 16 167 iii 26f., dupl. CT 18 30 iii 12f. su.mu he.en.luh.luh : zumri lu na-mir BiOr 30
(group voc.); e.er.zi = na-ma-r[um] CT 19 6 171 iv 38; ud.ginx a.ba.an.na.e.en hi.si.bi
K.5937:9 (text similar to Idu); su.lu.ug, zalAg.ga.[ab] : kima iimi i-mi-ir-4um-ma ef~ssu
§U su-us-lu-ug LUL, hu-ud PA, ku-un PA = na-wa-a-ru [. .. ] shine for him (O Marduk) like the daylight,
Nabnitu XXII 249ff.; AR = na-ma-rum Ugaritica brighten his darkness! OECT 6 pl. 2 K.4664:14f.
5 135 r. 14, also Haupt Die akkadische Sprache dDam.gal.nun.na nin.gal abzu.kex M(r§.
pl. 9 K.4808:8. ME.bi he.ri.ib.zalag.ga : Damkina sarrat apsi
ba-ab-bar UD = na-ma-rumSd UD-mu A III/3:71; ina bicnila li-nam-mir-ka let Damkina, the queen
ba-barUTD, e = MIN (= na-wa-a-ru)ad UD-mi Nabnitu of the apsi, brighten you with her (shining) face
XXII 255f.; KA.KA.IAR.ra, dum.dam = MIN (= 5R 51 iii 25, also 57, see Borger, JCS 21 11; gi.izi.
na-wa-a-ru) 4d Lt ibid. 253f.; mul.u4.zal.le = aI.gur.ru ku 1 0 .ku 1 0 .ga zalAg.ga.ab : [nd]
kak-kab na-ma-ri Hh. XXII Section 11:8. dipa[ri] mu-nam-mir ikleti (Girra) who carries the
ud.pirig (var. ud.pirig) = nu-um-mu-ru torch (and) illuminates the darkness 4R 26 No.
Erimhug III 88; UD.UD.ga = ul-lu-lum = nu-um- 3:12f.; en.e IGI.BAD zalAg ku 1 0 .ku 1 0 sag.gi 6 .
mu-ru Silbenvokabular A 85; [k uol. zalag.~ e . ga lu [.. .] : blu mu-nam-mir ikleti peti pani
gar = ik-l[e-t]u nu-mu-rum, [kul 01.zalag.~S.zal [tenMeeti] (Samas) lord who illuminates the darkness
= MIN [a-na nu]-ri MIN Izi H App. i 5f.; [in. (and) enlightens mankind 4R 19 No. 2: If., see
zalag] : [d-na]m-me-er Ai. I iii 16. Schollmeyer No. 3, cf. BA 5 649 r. 7 (inc.); zi
h6.en.kd.ga bh.en.sikil.la 1j.en.dadag. dInnin nin.kur.kur.ra.kex gi6 Mi.in.babbar.
ga : lilil libib li-im-mir let him be cleansed, let ra.kex h6.pa : niA d~IN belet mtdti mu-nam(var.
him be purified, let him become bright ASKT -na)-mi-rat miAi lu tamdt be conjured by DN, the
p. 78:18f., also Surpu VII 80f.; sa.an.ginx(IM) queen of all lands, who illuminates the night
(h.en.dadag.ga : kima qereb iamd lim-mir CT 16 14 iii 35f.; dUtu ibila zalAg.an.ki.bi.
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namiru la namaru la
da.kex : .ama aplu mu-na-mir [dame u erseti] rez. p. 19:9, and passim in these texts (MA), also
Aamal, firstborn son, who illuminates heaven and ina na-ma-ri Samsu ina napdhi ibid. p. 28:8;
earth BA 10/1 66:3f., dupl. ibid. 70 K.2769 +
Gray gamas p1.8 K.10527:3f.; a mu.un.ku.ga a
ina na-ma-ri (opp. ina Simiti) BE 17 32:10
mu.un.sikil.la a mu.un.dadag.ga : me ullilu (MB let.); ina na-ma-ri tarakkas at dawn you
me ubbibu m u-nam-me-ru 4R 14 No. 2:12f., see harness (the horse) Ebeling Wagenpferde 9:8,
Surpu p. 52; A(!).ur(!) ki.n& u4.zal.le.da.kex 18 (MA); ina ZALAG babu ippette at dawn the
me.lAm [sid. 6.a.me ] : puzra majala kima imi
door is opened RAcc. 67:11 and 16; mfiu adi
t-nam-ma-r[u melammu sahpu unu] they (the
demons) are covered with splendor, they illuminate na-ma-ri artedi I marched through the night
the hidden sleeping-place like daylight CT 16 until dawn AKA 313 ii 54 (Asn.), cf. kal mii
42:14f., restored from 43:40f.; hu.la za.al.zu. adi na-ma-ri KAR 58:48 (SB prayer); the
le.ga (var. hull zalag.ga) : huddim u nu-wu-ru- erib biti adi ZALAaG usab sits there until dawn
um (it is in your power, Istar) to make happy
and radiant ZA 65 194:160. RAcc. 120 r. 14, 21, and 22; adi na-ma-ri-[im]
ula inattuk not a drop (of rain) will fall
[§e]-e-ri = na-ma-ru Malku VI 212.
before morning ZA 43 310:25 (OB meteor.);
DIR // na-wa-rum // DIR // e-u-u TCL 6 17 r. 12 antali sat urri adi ZALAG ustdnihma the
(astrol. comm.); UD.ZAL.LE // na-ma-ru CT 41 25
r. 14 (Alu Comm.); zalAg //i-nana-ma-ri Ebeling eclipse in the morning watch lasted until
Wagenpferde 37 Ko. 19; zal // na-ma-ru 2R 47 daybreak Piepkorn Asb. 62 v 5, cf. adi na-
K.4387 iv 58 (astrol. comm.); mul.u 4 .zal.le // ma-ri DU ACh Supp. Sin 22:26, parallel adi
kak-kab na-ma-ri CT 18 49 ii 7, restored from dupl. ZALAG DU ibid. 23 iv 2; ina UD.8.KAM adi adt
CT 19 33 80-7-19,307:9; zi // na-ma-a-ru 5R 12
No. 5:4 (astrol. comm.); [x.x]. zalAg = d30 a
urri ina UD.9.KAM adi na-mir Labat TDP
na-ma-ri CT 24 39:19; BU // na-ma-ru // BU // 166:99; dagldti kam u dagldti kiam u la na-
a-ma-ru ACh Supp. Istar 34:10, se-e-ru na-ma-ru mi-ir u dagldti ana muhhi sarri belija u na-
ACh Istar 2:8, and passim; he-lu-u // na-ma-ru[m mi-ir I looked here and I looked there, but
// ... ] [n]6-hal-si-u // na-ma-rum // ur-ru-u // na-ma- it was not light, then I looked to the king,
rum A II/1 Comm. B 16f., zal // na-par-du-u //
na-[mal-rum ibid. 19. my lord, and it was light EA 296:14 and 16,
also 292:10 and 12, wr. na-mu-ur EA 266:12 and
fut-d-an-mar 5R 45 K.253 vi 49 (gramm.).
15; (may the gods determine for him) iklet la
1. to dawn, to shine brightly (said of na-wa-ri-im CH xlii 69, also Wiseman Treaties
heavenly bodies), to burn brightly, to clear 486; eklet nam-rat (apodosis) Labat Calendrier
up (said of an eclipse), to have a light color § 58:17, KAR 389 i 3 (SB Alu), Boissier DA 218
(said of ominous features), to become clear, r. 3, Kraus Texte lie vi 31, also aar eklet nam-
intelligible - a) to dawn, to break (said of rat ZA 61 58:184 (hymn to Nabui); ana ZALAG
the day) - 1' in absolute use: lama i-na- (obscure) Neugebauer ACT 91 r. ii 7; nur
wi-ra-am limurka before it gets light I will ahhsu pi-in-de-e na-ma-a-ri (epithet of a
see you Sumer 14 35 No. 14:15 (OB let.), cf. king) BE 17 24:3 (MB let.); see also CT 17 35,
lama [na-wi-irl OBT Tell Rimah 304:12; ina ASKT p. 92-93, CT 16 45, in lex. section.
serti lam na-ma-ri in the morning, before
dawn Or. NS 36 287:10 (namburbi); it rained 2' with daybreak, daylight as subject:
[ina mu]si ... adi na-me-ra-ni (for adi it-tam-ra seru putta daldtu day broke, the
inammerani) Iraq 21 166 No. 56:3 (NA let.), doors (of the houses) stood open Maqlu VII
see Postgate Taxation 380; i-na-ap-pi-ir-ma 153, see AfO 21 79; urri im-mi-ra-am-ma ana
(for inawwirma) lamassati u karibati lipaqs E ... erubma at dawn (lit. when the day
qiduma when dawn breaks, they will again became bright for me), I entered the (named)
(inspect) the lamassu and karibtu statues temple (of Nabui) VAB 4 278 vii 22 (Nbn.);
MDP 4 pi. 18 No. 3:8 (brick of Tepti-ahar), see mimma sru ina na-m[a-ri] when day broke
Reiner, AfO 24 96; (you pour water into a UET 6 394:1 (MB Gilg.), also mimmi dri ina
container) ibiddu ina na-ma-a-ri diqdra na-ma-ri Gilg. XI 96, VIII v 45, and passim in
takappar it remains there overnight, at Gilg. VIII, cf. ina £Sri ina na-ma-ri Iraq 27
dawn you wipe a bowl clean Ebeling Parfiim- 6:26 (NB lit.); di-[a(?)]-ru la na-ma-ri-t u ina
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namaru lb namaru le
pisunu kabti liqb4 may (the gods) decree by sarru mihirsu laSSu aki sit gd-mas na-mir
their mighty command that day not break there is no king equal to him, he is as bright
for him AKA 253 v 100 (Asn.). as the sunrise Craig ABRT 1 22 ii 7 (NA lit.);
abnu ikinu kima ime na-mir NA4 .ZALAG
b) to shine brightly (said of heavenly sumSu STT 108:45 and dupl. 109:48 (series abnu
bodies) - 1' in gen.: Summa kakkabu isrur sikinsu).
ma sirirsu kima UD.DA na-mir if a (shoot-
ing?) star flares up and its flare is as dazzling c) to burn brightly (said of firelight,
as sunlight Thompson Rep. 200:1; summa lamps): summa nuru a ina dipari nagd
MUL.GiR.TAB Ihara ina NE UD.DA-sfa irassa ZALAG-ir if a light that is carried on a torch
nam-rat zibbassa etdt ibid. 223:6; nam-rat burns brightly CT 39 34:17, cf. ibid. 29 (SB
Beltija sirat u saqit bright is my Lady (as Alu); kima gisnugalli nuri lim-mir let my
a star), lofty and high RAcc. 135:256; Sin light shine as bright as alabaster BMS 12:69;
sa sissu nam-rat Sin, whose rising is bright et qatru lim-me-er kiniin beliti linnapih
CT 24 39:28, cf. nam-rat sitka ina same dipari may my dimmed (and) smoldering
e[lliti?] BMS 1:5, see Ebeling Handerhebung 6; hearth burn (again) brightly, may my
serru alidma dSin.E.A ZALAG-at if a child is extinguished torch be rekindled STC 2 pl.
born and the moonrise is bright TCL 6 14:27, 82:87; obscure: ilu a ina balisu purusse
34f., see Sachs, JCS 6 66; note the ref. to first same erseti la issakkanu nu-ri NU na-mar
visibility expressed by the stative of namaru gab-bu [...] (Adad) the god without whom
instead of that of nanmuru (from amdru): no decisions for heaven and earth are made,
Dilbat nam-rat Venus is visible ABL 1132:5, (without whom) the light .... JRAS 1892
see Parpola LAS No. 65. 342:5 (Assur-b5l-kala).
2' in personal names: Si-si-na-aw-ra-at d) to clear up (said of an eclipse): summa

antald ... ana amurri i-wi-ir if the (solar)
His-Rising-Is-Bright YOS 8 147 seal and 160
seal, also Usi-na-wi-ir Nikolski 2 523 r. 2 eclipse clears up toward the west KUB 4 63
ii 25, cf. ibid. 21ff., 27, see RA 50 14ff. (astrol.),
(OAkk.), Itti-Ea-nam-rat She(Istar)-Is-Bril-
liant-with-Ea BE 15 183:13 (MB), and see cf. ina amurri usarrima ZALAG-ir ACh Sin
26:6; ultu sadi u iltdni k sa im-mir dumqu
namru mng. Ib; ITI-na-wi-ir CT 52 37:8;
gamas-li-wi-ir Let-the-Sun-Shine YOS 8 sa Subartu u mat Akkadi iqabbisu since it
54:3, 7; Sin-na-wi-ir The-Moon-Is-Shining (the eclipse) cleared up from (the direction
YOS 8 42:38, 102:27 (OB), for OA see Hirsch
of) the east and north, (the omen collection)
Untersuchungen 20a; Na-wa-ar-su-limur Let- interprets it as well-being for Subartu and
Akkad ABL 1006:10 (NB).
Me-See-His-Shining CT 4 27d:14, also ARMT
13 100 r. 8; Asisu-na-mir (var. As-na-me-er) e) to have a light color (said of ominous
His-Appearance-Is-Bright CT 15 46:92f., var. features) - 1' oil poured on water (in oil
from KAR 1 r. 17 (Descent of Istar); UD-Su- omens): Summa samnum imittum islimma
ZALAG-ir RT 20 63:4, 9 (MB), for other refs. see sumelam i-wi-ir if the oil becomes dark on
Clay PN 142. the right and light on the left CT 3 2:7;
summa anaimittim na-wi-ir ibid. 16, also 15 and
3' in comparisons: a ekurrdtiSunu kima
18, 4:53; summa ina libbi ummatim eristum
niphi ramas i-nam-me-ru-ni whose temples
usiamma na-am-ra-at if from the main body
shine like the sunrise ABL 216 r. 5, cf. kima
of the oil an eriftu-mark comes out and is
seta SamSi mdttu gabbi ina setika nam-ru
light (opposite tarkat) ibid. 4:59.
as at the rising of the sun, all the lands
become bright at your appearance ABL 2' parts of the sacrificial lamb and the
916:14 (both NA); amelu M4 kima gamas na- exta: res immerim imittam li-wi-ir sumelam
me-er this man will shine like the sun litruk let the head of the sheep be light on
ABL 1396:9 (SB), see Parpola LAS No. 71; the right side and dark on the left RA 38
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namaru le namaru 2a
85: f., also 16f. (OB ext. prayer); [summa ... ] 170:26, 30, wr. ZALO-er KAJ 17:11 and 17,
ina imitti ubdnim pillurtumma imittaSa na- see Saporetti Onomastica 1 273.
wi-ir Sumela ta-ri-ik if a cross lies at the
right side of the "finger" and its right side is f) to become clear, intelligible: ina
light, its left side black CT 44 37:4 (OB), also KA.Ug.DI.BABBAR.RA iddtia im-me-ra in the
ibid. 6, summa r e libbi na-wi-ir if the Gate-of-Splendid-Wonderment my omens be-
came clear Lambert BWL 60:84 (Ludlul IV),
epigastrium is light (opposite: tarik ii 29)
YOS 10 42 ii 31, and passim in this text; summa cf. editi i-nam-mi-ra the confused (omens)
kakki imittim Sina[ma ... ] sapldm na-wi-ir will become clear Thompson Rep. 187:8, cf.
if there are two "weapon-marks" on the also IHUL.ME§ ZALAG.ME§ BiOr 28 11 iii 12.
right side and the lower one is light-colored 2. to brighten (said of one's countenance,
ibid. 46 iv 8; summa sutqum imittam/sumelam
mood), to cheer up, to become happy, radiant,
na-wi-ir (preceded by tarik) ibid. 48 r. 39f., to celebrate a festival - a) to brighten (said
dupl. 49: 11f., and passim beside tarik in YOS 10,
of one's countenance, mood) - 1' with pan,
especially Nos. 51-53; summa res martim na-
zimi: [n]a-am-ru-mahadi pa-nu-a her face
wi-ir RA 27 149:5, cf. summa jubtum sa
was radiant and joyful Lambert-Millard Atra-
imittim na-am-ra-at (beside tarkat) YOS'10 hasis 62 I 283; annitam iqbdlumma paniiuit-
48 r. 43ff., dupl. 49: 15ff. (all OB), cf. supdtum
ta-aw-ru they told him this and his face lit up
imittam u Sumelam na-a[m-r]a ibid. 8:22
ARM 2 49:5, cf. His libbaduma paniisu ritI-
(OB ext. report); summa isri imitti ZALAG-ir CT
tam-ru Gilg. P. iii 21 (OB); iSmema hdda im-
20 39:21, CT 30 43 Bu. 89-4-26,171r. 8; if there
me-ru paniiu the face of him who gloats
are two eristu-marks on the gall bladder and
over me lit up when he heard Lambert BWL
elitu ZALAG-dt saplitu tarkat the upper one is
46:117 (Ludlul II), cf. ismeSuma Irraim-me-ra
light, the lower one dark TCL 6 4 r. 5f., of.
paniisu Cagni Erra V 20, cf. En. el. I 51; ihdi
ibid. obv. 29f., 35f., CT 30 2 K.6905:5; summa
ana Sarritigu im-mi-ru panusun they (the
martu ZALAG-ma CT 30 8 K.5519:5; summa
people) became glad that he was king, their
SID imitti ZALAG-ir CT 31 49 K.6720+ :8, cf.
faces lit up 5R 35:18 (Cyr.), cf. ihdi libbi im-
KAR 443:12, r. 7f. (all SB).
mi-ru pania CT 34 32 ii 75 (Nbn.), also VAB 4
256 i 39; libbasu ihdiima im-me-ru zimAu
3' other signs or features: summa bitu BBSt. No. 36 iv 39 (NB), ihdi libbi im-mi-ru
tardnsu ina libbisu ZALAG-ir if the awning of zimica CT 34 29 ii 6 (Nbn.), also 35 iii 38 and
a house is light inside(?) CT 38 14:9 (SB Alu); VAB 4 240 ii 51; itib kabattasuim-me-ru zimu"u
summa katarru panusu kima gassi nam-ru (Assur) was pleased and his features became
if the surface of the katarru-fungus is as light radiant Borger Esarh. 83 r. 34; kima umu im-
as gypsum CT 40 18:87, also (with kima seti) me-ru zimiigu ma'dis his (Marduk's) counte-
ibid. 88 (SB Alu); summa abunnassu kasrat // nance became very bright like daylight En.
nam-rat if his navel is "bound," variant: el. VI 56; este'u namrirriki lim-mi-ru zimia
light BRM 4 22:7 (physiogn.); summa pa-ni I have sought your splendor, let me become
na-mi-ir CT 28 29 r. 5 (physiogn.); note, refer-
happy BMS 8 r. 10, see Ebeling Handerhebung
ring to buildings(?): lim-mir nitilsun ZA 62; kima gidnugalli lu ZALAG.ME§ SAG.MES-
61 60:204; in proper names: I-wi-ir-mu-bi [ia] may my head become as clear (parallel
MAD 5 66 r. i 6, 84:4, also, wr. E-bi-ir-mu-bi, libib become pure) as alabaster Biggs gaziga
E-bir5 -mu-bi, see Gelb, MAD 3 57; for Na-wi- 28:3; for other refs. see namru adj. mng. 2.
ir-DINGIR and similar OAkk. names, also
wr. Na-me-ir, Na-bi-ir, see Gelb, MAD 3 192; 2' with libbu, kabattu, etc.: kaspam mala
A-li-na-wi-ir Studies Landsberger 52:12 (OB); maskattika u maskattija anasiamma libbaka
Li-wi-ir-SAG.iL AfO 24 124 No. 9:4, and passim i-na-me-er I will bring silver equal to your
in OB, see Stamm Namengebung 84f., also with deposit and mine so you will be glad
the cities Babylon, Sippar; Jdku-li-me-er KAJ TCL 19 13:17 (OA); lim-mir nupdrdu let his
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namaru 2b namaru 3a
heart become bright ZA 61 60:212 (SB prayer); man become as radiant as the innermost
h&fd libbi u na-markabatti lisim Simdti let him heaven Iraq 18 61:30 (SB rel.); amaS ina
decree joy of heart and happiness as my asika i-nam-mi-ra kibrdti at your rising,
fate Lie Sar. 82:9, of. Winckler Sar. pl. 36:193, O Sama§, the world becomes bright Kocher
pl. 40:148; elis libbasu kabattus im-mir his BAM 323:22; in Sedija idmiqa in lamassija
(As§ur's) heart rejoiced and his mood became im-mi-ra through my jsdu genius they
bright Borger Esarh. 6 vii 21, cf. [ultu] libbudu became well, through my lamassu genius
im-mir-su kabattasu ipperdu KAR 1 r. 11 they became happy Unger Babylon 283 ii 14
(Descent of Iitar); ki nam-rat kabtatka u haddi (NB royal inscr.); ina-mir // idammiq he will
libbuk how happy you feel and how glad be happy, variant: fine CT 28 28:16 (physiogn.),
your heart is! Cagni Erra I 14; [libbi sa] u-
cf. i-na-me-er, <ul> i-na-me-er Kraus Texte
RN Jar Assur itdb ZALAG-ir will the heart 62 r. 17 f. (OB), also i-na-mi-ir Dream-book 323 i
of Esarhaddon, king of Assyria, grow pleased 11; kima itmi i-nam-me-er LKA 146 r. 21,
and happy? PRT 30:4, wr. [i]-nam-mi-ru parallel Kocher BAM 313 B line d, cf. iqabbima
ibid. r. 6; he has written this tablet ina ... kima uimi lu nam-ra-ku ZALAG-ir (= inammir)
na-mar kabatti Streck Asb. 364 n 12 (colophon); LKA 146 obv. 21; na-mar bit ameli ana §ati
note ana sirrika kabattaka [li-i]m(var. lim)- prosperity of that man's house forever Kraus
mir-si be friendly toward your adversary Texte 5 r. 12, 6 r. 64; E.BI ZALAG-ir CT 40 5:20
Lambert BWL 100:44, of. p. 345. (SB Alu), also Dream-book 323 i 19, cf. GN
libbaSa iballut ZALAG-ir Thompson Rep. 31:4.
b) to cheer up, to become happy, radiant:
c) to celebrate a festival: ana UD.5.KAM
irs im-mir libbau hidita imla he rejoiced,
DN u GN na-am-ru in five days, Marduk and
became happy, his heart was filled with joy
Babylon will be festive (i.e., will celebrate
En. el. I 90; ke nahgat ke nam-ra-at how
a festival, see Frankena, AbB 3 37) TLB 4
voluptuous she is, how splendid she is!
37:15 (OB let.); fIna-supirisa-zALAG-ir May-
(incipit of a song) KAR 158 vii 25, cf. mdru
She - Celebrate - a - Festival - in-Her-Sheepfold
lu na-me-er ibid. vii 16; agarid qarrad gshu
BE 15 160:21, PBS 2/2 95:46, for similar
etel zikar na-mir d Or. NS 36 120:73 (SB lit.);
names see Stamm Namengebung 85 n. 4.
im-ri liri~ kabattuk be happy (addressing
Nana), let your heart rejoice VAS 10 215 r. 1 3. nummuru to illuminate, to clear up an
(OB), cf. bel hdaddm u na-wa-ra-amlipus may eclipse, to make glisten, sparkle, gleam, to
my lord bring about joy and happiness A make brilliant, to whiten, to make a person
2446 (Mari let.), cited RA 52 172, also ibid. No. (slave) look fat, healthy, to clear up the
314 r. 8'; Im-me-er-i-li My-God-Became- vision, to expose to the light, to clear up
Happy VAS 16 98:2, etc., and delete these troubles - a) to illuminate darkness: DN
refs. sub immeru mng. 3b, see von Soden, OLZ mu-nam-mir ukli ikleti panidu [u ark]a(?)
1962 485; gakin kunukki anni libur lidig Girra, who illuminates the darkness and
li-me-er may he who uses this seal remain in gloom in front of him and behind (him)
good health, young, happy Limet Sceaux AfO 18 293:64 (inc.); Sin mu-nam-mir iklet
Cassites 7.4, also li-bi-ib li-me-er ibid. 7.19 RAcc. 138:315, cf. Sin eddessd mu-nam-mir
(= RA 13 14 No. 26:4), also i ta-an-me-er i taEh [ikleti] BMS 1:2, cf. also niiru eddeSsu mu-
hi§ 'PN (see nahSdu A mng. 1) Coll. de nam-me-r[u] i[kleti] Lambert BWL 172 iv 5;
Clercq 2 No. 253bis:2 (MB seal); in the name [mu-n]am-mir iklete ana nise desati who
of a city: Li-mir-iggak-Agur May-the-Ruler- illuminates the darkness for the widespread
(Installed-by)-A§iur-Be-Happy Streck Asb. people LKA 139:46, dupl. BA 5 670 No. 27:16,
164:65; lim-me-er zeriia pir'i li.ir may my cf. mu-nam-mir ik-let CT 51 109:7, cf. also
descendants be happy, may my offspring ibid. 6 and r. 3; see also ikletu usage b;
prosper Limet Sceaux Cassites 7.9; [amlu] mu-na-mir ukli (Nabfi) who illuminates the
4 . .. ki qereb dame [l]i-im-mir may this darkness KAR 25 ii 33 and dupl. BMS 58 r.
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namaru 3b namaru 3d
17, see Ebeling Handerhebung 16:7; Nusku sar siti <<DIS usken as soon as he (Sin) has
misi mu-na-mir ukli KAR 58:39, see Ebeling cleared up the eclipse, the king prostrates
Handerhebung 38; [da]lhussu tugqina nu-um- himself toward the south CT 4 5:7 (rit.), see
me-ra etissu bring (pl.) order to his confusion KB 6/2 42; nipis a qte kald adi attald4-nam-
and light to his darkness Or. NS 36 128:193 mir eppus the kali performs the ritual until
(SB hymn to Gula), cf. (Ninurta) mu-nam-mir he (Sin) clears up the eclipse BRM 4 6:17, also
etUti JRAS Cent. Supp. pl. 2:2, also Craig ABRT 1 18 and 21, cf. AN.TA.LU ina sutim usarrimau
35:3; nuru namru mu-nam-mir musiti ut-ta-wi-[ir] BM 22696:8 (OB astrol.).
(Nusku) bright lamp who illuminates the
night Bauer Asb. 2 38:2, cf. ina mni 4-nam- d) to make glisten, sparkle, gleam, to
mar (in broken context) BBR No. 63:7; make brilliant, to whiten: enima bitu fi
dSin = Marduk mu-nam-mir misi CT 24 50 usalbaruma ennahu luddis lu-ne-me-er when
BM 47406:8; umi idirtija nu-um-mi-[ra(-ni)] this temple becomes old and falls into ruins,
Sweet, TSTS 1 7:13 (SB inc.); iklitija nu-um- let him (the future ruler) renew it and make
mir dalhdtija zukki make the darkness it gleam Weidner Tn. 16 No. 7:64, 20 No. 10:30,
around me light, clear up my confusion cf. uddus esreti nu-um-mur mahdzi BiOr 21
ASKT p. 75 r. 3, see JCS 21 9:93 (bit rimki), 145 Ep. 15:5 (Esarh.); summa parakka UD.UD
cf. ina MI.MI ZALAG-ir Coll. de Clercq 1 No. 253 if (a man) makes a sanctuary brilliant(?)
(seal). (possibly ullil, preceded by uddis) CT 40 8
K.7932:9, also 21 (SB Alu); KUR GN ...
b) to illuminate a land, a region: kima
[... ] abdra mu-nam-mir arustisunu usaklim
Samas ana salmdt qaqqadim wasemma mdtim
[... ] Mount GN produced (lit. revealed)
nu-wu-ri-im to rise like the sun for the black-
lead which whitens their (buildings'?) dirty
headed people and to illuminate the land
state Lie Sar. 227; Merodachbaladan mu-nam-
CH i 44; anaku DN sa saruri~u -nam-ma-ru
mir gimir ekurri who makes all temples bril-
matati I am Asalluhi whose splendor
liant VAS 1 37 ii 5 (kudurru); Ekur Egalmah u
illuminates all the lands AfO 17 313 B 13
ekurrdti kima zaldqi ZALAG-dr-ma he will
(Marduk's Address to the Demons); mu-nam-mir
make Ekur, Egalmah, and (all) the temples as
erseti rapastu petu edleti who illuminates the
sparkling as zaldqu-stone BiOr 28 10 iv 7,
vast earth, who opens what is locked LKA
18, also iii 10 (SB prophecies); tallakti kisal
139:16 and 140:6; nur erseti mu-nam-mir
Ehursaggalkurkurra kima lime u-nam-mir
kibrati light of the earth, who illuminates
he made the approach to the court of the
the world KAR 105:1 and dupl. 361:1 (hymn
(named) temple as bright as daylight KAH 1
to Samas), cf. mu-nam-mi-ru kibrdti kalisunu
37:6 (Sar.), also VAB 4 202 No. 42:5 (Nbk.),
hursani AMT 71,1:33, saqitu Istar mu-nam-
mi-rat kibrati STC 2 pl. 84:111, see Ebeling
cf. (Nineveh) u-nam-mirkima ulme OIP 2
101:61, 153:16, 113 viii 14, also 98:91 (all Senn.),
Handerhebung 136; mu-nam-mir Igigi u Anun=
nakisdkin namirtu ananiSe apdti (Samar) who
u-nam-me-ra kima iumi Iraq 15 124:28 (Mero-
dachbaladan); kaspa hurdsa uhhizumai-nam-
brings light to the Igigu and Anunnaku, who
me-ra kima iume (see ahdzu mng. 8a-2')
provides light for mankind RA 49 38:32 (nam-
Borger Esarh. 59 v 39; bit Istar beltija ina
burbi); atta kakkabu mu-nam-mir [... ]
kaspi hurdsi eri 4-nam-mir kima iimi Streck
you, star, who illuminate [...] CT 23 36:52
Asb. 248:4; (this temple) kima iime 4-nam-
(inc.); [...] KUR.BI adi ulla u-nam-mar
mir Bohl Leiden Coll. 3 35:31 (Sin-sar-iskun);
(apod.) CT 40 38 K.2992:11 (SB Alu).
E-edinna eMsis pusma kima umiu-na-mi-ir
c) to clear up an eclipse: kima sa Sin VAB 4 66 ii 10 (Nabopolassar), also 68:30; esreti
attald i-nam-mar isdta ... tukabbat as soon ili rabitti imi 4-na-am-mi-ir I made the
as the eclipse clears up (lit. the moon sanctuaries of the great gods as resplendent
brightens the eclipse) you extinguish the fire as daylight VAB 4 134 vii 8, YOS 1 44 i 19, also
BRM 4 6:28; jarruistu attali ut-ta-me-ru ana VAB 4 158 vi 50, and passim in Nbk.; Eulmas
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namaru 3e namaru 4a
SipirSu uSaklilma kima imu 4-nam-mir-ma h) to clear up troubles: nu-um-mir
CT 34 36 iii 68, also VAB 4 242 i 13, of. CT 34 33 [esdtiSu] pigissu ilid banisu clear up his
iii 11, VAB 4 256 ii 3, AfO 22 5 iv 40, and passim troubles, entrust him to the god who created
in Nbn.; kima qereb amdmi u-na-am-mi-ir him AfO 19 59:156 (prayer to Marduk), cf.
VAB 4 142 i 21 (Nbk.); GN ana pdt gimriSu eSdtija nu-um-me-er (var. nu-um-mir) [da]l:
kima sit arhi i-nam-mi-irSariiriu I made the htija zukki BMS 11:20, var. from Sm.
luster of Harran, all around, as bright as the 219:10, see Ebeling Handerhebung 72.
rising moon VAB 4 222 ii 25 (Nbn.); ana
asrisinautir ultibmau-na-mirsaSSi I restored 4. nummuru to brighten the countenance,
[buildings], rebuilt (them) and made them mood, to make happy, radiant, to prepare a
as brilliant as the sun Borger Esarh. 5 vi 19; festival, to make festive - a) to brighten
utir igariunu ana asrisunu u-nam-mir sikit= the countenance, mood, to make happy,
tasunu I restored their walls, brightened radiant - 1' pani, zimi: ina eles libbi nu-
their appearance CT 34 36 iii 56 (Nbn.); kima um-mur pani hadi rumma I entered (the
ilme -nam-me-ra pingisun I made their temple) joyfully, with rejoicing heart and
knobs glisten like the daylight Streck Asb. radiant face Winckler Sar. pl. 35:141; ina tiib
290:22; Esagila [.a ki]ma Sitir buricmu 4- seri hid libbi u nu-um-mur pani in well-
nam-mir Sigarsu whose lock I made as bright being, joy, and with a radiant face OIP 2
as the stars (lit. the writing of the firmament) 134:92, also 51:30 (Senn.), Borger Esarh. 62 vi
Streck Asb. 240 No. 6:9, cf. 230:14; (bull co- 40, 27 viii 31; ekalla Sudtu ... Asjur abu ill ina
lossi) sa ... kima imi napardi nu-um-mu-ru nu-um-mur bunnisu elliiti kinis lippalisma
zumurSin whose bodies are made to glisten Winckler Sar. pl. 25 No. 54:1, also ibid. pl. 36:187,
like the bright daylight OIP 2 108 vi 71, also pl. 39 iv 132, also, wr. ina ZALAG paniSu dams
110 vii 35, 121:6, 123:34 (Senn.); agd ... egsi qiti Hinke Kudurru i 22; mu-na-wi-ir pani
abni imis u-na-am-mi-ir-ma I made a new TiSpak (Hammurapi) who makes DN rejoice
tiara and made it glitter like the daylight CH iv 34; [iS]tuma bell pani[su ut]-ta-wi-ru
VAB 4 270 ii 39 (Nbn.), cf. ultu Sukutt i -nam- Kraus, AbB 5 79:8; ina nipih kakkabi nu-um-
mir-u-ma (var. u-nam-me-ru-ma) uqatt sipri mu-ru zimu[ka kim]a Samsi at the rising of
age beltija annadquma ana asrija aturru the stars your face is as radiant as the sun
Cagni Erra I 142. JRAS Cent. Supp. pl. 2:14 (hymn to Ninurta as
Sirius), cf. (divine garment?) nu-um-mu-ru
e) (with pani) to make a slave look fat, zimiuu (in broken context) VAB 4 280 viii 5
healthy: aSum Sriiiinamat4 PN ul ilqginati (Nbn.).
panisina u-na-wi-ir-ma anaddisinati be-
cause they (the slave girls) were too thin, 2' kabattu: ina tub sere hld libbi nu-um-
PN did not buy them, I have made them fat mur(var. -mu-ru) kabatti in good health, joy,
(lit. made their faces shine) so that I can sell and happy mood Borger Esarh. 64 vi 55, also
them (see namru adj. mng. 3) Kraus AbB ABL 7 r. 12, see Parpola LAS No. 123.
1 139 r. 5 (OB let.).
3' other occs.: sa etla u ardatu ina sulmi
f) to clear up the vision: usatbi sdr ber ittanarri u-nam-ma-ru (var. u-nam-me-ru)
u-nam-mir nit[li] he removed (the disease) kima icmi he who always guides man and girl
a thousand leagues, he made my vision clear in peace, makes them shine like the daylight
Lambert BWL 52:17 (Ludlul III). Cagni Erra I 22, cf. Anunnaki kalisunu tu-nam-
ma-ra kima uime PBS 1/2 106 r. 11, see ArOr
g) to expose to the light: sa-met-su 17/1 179 (coll. R. Borger); [ui]midam Samad li-
issuhma 4-nam-mir (var. ZALAG-ir) temendu nam-mir-ka may Sama§ bring you light every
he tore down its parapet and exposed its day 5R 51 iii 57, see Borger, JCS 21 12:36 (bit
foundation Iraq 15 124:26, var. from YOS 1 38 rimki); [... ] li-nam-mi-ra-an-ni j&di may
i 36 (Merodachbaladan). [... ] give me light AMT 92,1 i 9 (inc.); nu-mir-
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namaru 4b namaru 8a
an-ni-ma kima qe KiT.GI make me as lustrous on fire before Ea and Marduk RAcc. 44:3;
as a gold thread 4R 59 No. 2 r. 17 (prayer); abru ana Ea u Marduk tu-nam-mar RAcc.
ellet Igtarmu-nam-me-ratJimti holy Itar, who 34:4, 40:5; qu-tar nu-mir light the incense
bestows a happy fate Maqlu III 180; arde ekalli KAR 65 r. 4 (namburbi), cf. nu-um-mu-ra quts
mu-nam-mi-ru temu rubitiu sihirti ummdni rinni (in broken context) Craig ABRT 2
... Jallatid amnu the palace personnel who 17:10, also nu-wu-ur Nisaba JCS 22 27:51
kept his highness in good spirits, (and) all the and 54 (OB ext. prayer); assi dipdrau-nam-mir-
craftsmen, I counted as booty OIP 2 52:33 ka kdsa I have raised the torch and made a
(Senn.); in personal names: dSamad-mu-na- light for you (Nusku) Maqlu I 125; SAL Sa
me-er Studies Landsberger 49:74, A-hu-mu- na-mu-ru ana DN teppasuni the woman who
na-wi-ir ibid. 51 Ni.4827:3, also UET 5 401:20; provides lighting for Tagmetu ABL 951 r. 4
damas-ZALQG-ir VAS 6 20:8, [DN]-i-nam- (NA); na-mu-ru kaspi (for context see gas
mi-ir ibid. 293:10; Bel-ZALAG-a-ni KAJ mesu) Ebeling Parfiimrez. pl. 22:13', cf. ibid. 17',
81:23 (MA), for DN-nam-mir in NA, see pl.23 r. 3'; ut-tam-mir imna u gumela uddappir
Tallqvist APN 156, 211; lim[u ... ] Mu-na- ishilsa I have set up lights to the right and to
wi-ri-im Iraq 7 65 A. 994 left edge 2 (Chagar the left, I have removed the potsherds BBR
Bazar). No. 83 ii 7 (rit.).
b) to prepare a festival, to make festive: 6. nummuru to free (RS only): PN HA.

LA.MES ana ekalli userib u mdresu i-nam-
awatum sa innepsu wudi itetiq andku ut-ta-
wi-ir attaqi u atta nu-wi-ir wardika nu-wi-ir mar-[s]u-nu zaki amilu istu amili PN has
... [i]sinnatika epus the matter which brought the shares into the palace and cleared
occurred is over now, I have prepared a his sons, they are free of claims on each
other MRS 6 82 RS 16.143:18.
festival and made sacrifices, as for you,
prepare a festival, arrange a festival for 7. 11/2 to be made bright, to clear up:
your personnel and celebrate your feasts kima ame lulil kima erseti libib kima qereb
ARM 4 59:7 and 9f.; inima belti bdnija ut-ta- same lu-ut-ta-mir may I become as pure as
wi-ru when I made a festival for my Lady heaven, as cleansed as the earth, may I be
who created me TIM 2 44:7 (OB let.); PN sa made as bright as the center of the heavens
... imisamma i-nam-ma-rupassurki PN who BMS 12:83; summa Adad ut-tam-mar if
prepared your table lavishly every day Adad (i.e., the storm cloud) lightens, with
Gilg. VI 66. comm. u-tam-mu-ru ACh Adad 17:19, also
ibid. 25:26, 26:8; ut-ta-mi-ir // UD.UD LBAT
5. nummuru to light a fire, to set fire to, 1570 r. 7 (comm.); DN ut-ta-mi-ru (in bro-
to kindle: iD ... ustessiram u andku iiram
ken context) BBR No. 26 i 12f.
[in]a libbisa d-na-wa-ar I will clean out the
canal and set fire(?) to the reeds in it ARM 3 8. III to light, kindle a fire, to illuminate,
76:16; nignak burdai u mashatu annitu Lt. to make shining, brilliant, to keep (the sight)
TUR i-nam-mar-ma the boy sets fire to the sharp, to make radiant, happy - a) to light,
censer of juniper and to this flour offering kindle a fire: GI ziqdte sa issu libbi kinni
STT 73:90 (rit.), dupl. CT 51 103:5, see JNES 4-Sd-an-ma-ru the torches that they light
19 34, cf. [...] ereni u mashati tu-nam-mar from the brazier (represent the arrows from
BMS 40:11, see Ebeling Handerhebung 42; nig= B6l's quiver) CT 15 44:10; ina pan gamsi
nackka tu-nam-mar BBR No. 1-20:81, 84, 87, rabe ... ziqte i4-s-an-mu-ru before sunset,
165; ikrib bini ... nu-um-mu-ri tadabbub they light torches MVAG 41/3 64 iii 38 (NA
you recite the prayer (appropriate when) rit.), also 40, cf. nr sa elmeSi inapan RNi-d-
setting fire to the tamarisk-wood BBR No. na-ma-ra I light the lamp of elmedu-stone
75-78:24; ina mii abra ana Ea u Marduk before Esarhaddon 4R 61 iii 35 (NA oracles);
i-nam-ma-ru-ma at night they set brushwood zimu sa ili i-sa-an-mir (the king) illuminated
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namaru 8b nimaru A
the face of the god van Driel Cult of AAur 130 Dijk, Or. NS 42 503 (OB inc.); rdmi niru muS-
v 27 (from photograph), of. zimi -sa-an-mir na-me-ru attalt my love is a light which
Or. NS 22 39 r. 7; li-ga-ap-pi-ralissura MDP brightens (even) an eclipse (incipit of a song)
4 pl. 18 No. 3:6, see AfO 24 95. KAR 158 vii 45; mu-na-mir erseti rapatiwho
illuminates the vast earth Lambert BWL
b) to illuminate: gizilli AN-ma-mi mu- 136: 177 (hymn to gamai); tug-nam-mar bi
id-mir irka[lli?] torch of the sky, which t[dti] kalama [tub]-nam-mar gi[mra ka]lis
illuminates the nether world Ebeling Par- mdtdti you light up all houses, you light up
flimrez. pl. 49:3 (SB hymn to Sin). all the lands everywhere (addressing Girra)
c) to make shining, brilliant: rdtdti Maqlu II 21f., see AfO 21 72; zammdru mug-
Sd-an-mu-ri to make the drainpipes gleam na-mir izammur the singer sings (the hymn
Ebeling Stiftungen 24 ii 18; ga-nu-na-am mu- beginning): "Illuminator of (...) " BBR
ga-an-wi-i[r . .. ] KAV 151:13 (OA votive). No. 60:29; mus-na-me-er (in broken context)
KAR 158 iv 4, also Dilbat mu.f-na-me-rat [.. .]
d) to keep (the sight) sharp: i-in-ka su- BMS 39:10, see Ebeling Handerhebung 126.
wi-ra-am-ma idin look sharp and give (him)
(a field in a suitable place) OBT Tell Rimah b) to kindle: tus-nam-mar nura ana
309:12; [ind]ka lu u-wu-ra-ma usur ramanka Anunnaki you kindle a light for the gods
keep your sight sharp and be careful Gilg. of the nether world KAR 32:31 (inc.).
Y. vi 250 (OB), also 256. c) to make (a building) gleam: bit Nergal
... ugpisma kima ume us-nam-mir I had
e) to make radiant, happy: u-sa-an-ma-ar
the temple of Nergal built and made it gleam
libbuS it makes her heart radiant VAS 10
like the daylight OIP 2 155 No. 21:6; etdssun
215:22 (OB hymn to Nana); libbau i-ja-an-me-
usahla umid us-nam-mir I brightened their
er he made his heart radiant RB 59 246 str.
(the roofing timbers') darkness and made
7:46 (OB lit.); lumna ... ma[ti tu]-a-an-
them as bright as the daylight ibid. 107 vi 39,
me-er ibid. 244 str. 5:27.
120:28 (all Senn.); bita sa ama u Aja belua
9. III/II to brighten, illuminate, light up, ... kima ime us-nam-mir-ma VAB 4 232 i 30
to kindle, to make (a building) gleam, to (Nbn.).
make radiant - a) to brighten, illuminate,
d) to make radiant: Aja ... kajdnamma
light up: mugpard ettu mus-na-mir ukli
panuka lid-nam-mir may Aja let your face
brightener of gloom, illuminator of darkness
be radiant all the time VAB 4 258 ii 20 (Nbn.),
Lambert BWL 136:176 (hymn to gamas), also
cf. panigu us-nam-mir En. el. V 82, lis-nam-
mug-na-mir <(ptd ikleti ibid. 126:17, mus-na-
mir z[imiin] Lambert BWL 172 iv 14.
mir gi-mil-lu ka-lagamdmi ibid. 1 and 3, restored
from BM 36296 (school tablet), cited as mug- 10. IV to become bright: jihdi libbija
na-[mir g]imir samdme AfO 19 60:208 (catch u en-nam-mu-ru 2 indja my heart rejoiced,
line); mu-na-mir ikleti Or. NS 36 275 r. 15 and both my eyes became bright EA 142:10,
(namburbi); ikleti tuzi(var. tu-us')-nam-mar also en-nam-ru 2 indja ibid. 144:16.
you (Girra) illuminate the darkness Maqlu
The word in-na-wi-ir in CT 3 3:46 (OB
II 78; attama kima amas iklessina tud-nam-
oil omens) stands for innamir, see amdru A
mar BMS 12:35, see Ebeling Handerhebung
mng. 7.
78; gagirtu Sa Sariruau-nam-ma-ru ikleti
(IStar) terrible one whose splendor illuminates For 2R 44:6 see numru.
the darkness Perry Sin pi. 4:5, see Ebeling
nmaru A (ndmiru,namru) s.; tower; MA,
Handerhebung 128; ina me tiamtim ... a~ar ...
SB, NA; cf. amaru.
qerbissu la us-na-wa-ru in damSim in the
waters of the sea whose interior the glance of a) in royal inscrs.: na-ma-ri 4[a ... RN]
the sun cannot illuminate YBC 4603:9, see van epudu the towers which RN had built AOB 1 32
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namaru A namaru B
No. 12:6, also ibid. 13 (Enlil-nasir II); na-ma- b) in other texts: kisal nam-ri u mimma
ri sa bdb DN u na-ma-ri-ma sa istu muSldli Sumsu the courtyard of the tower and what
ana kisal DN2 ina erdbe 2 na-ma-ri anndti sa belongs to it KAR 214 i 34, see Frankena
ina mahri la epsu kima atartimma lu epu Takultu 25; na-mi-ri a abulli gabassitesa KA.
the towers at the gate of DN as well as the GAL [s]a qa-ni it[tuq]tu the towers of the
towers which (stand) as one enters from the inner gate (and) of the outer gate collapsed
musldlu-gate to the courtyard of DN,, these Iraq 4 186 r. 10 (NA let.), see Deller, Or. NS 34 263;
two (pairs of) towers such as had never been sa bel pihete sa GN issu libbi 850 pilkisu saduri
built before, I built as an addition AOB 1 adi temen abulli sa na-me-re nis etarba (the
130:22ff.; ina ... bit Assur belija ina bab work assignment) of the governor of Arrapha
ellti sa DN na-ma-ri saqiti lu epus in the extended from the 850th (brick unit) of his
temple of my lord ASsur at the gate .... of sector of the wall up to the terrace of the
DN, I built high towers ibid. 134:22 (both Tower-of-the-People gate ABL 486 r. 6 (coll.);
Shalm. I); bit Sahuri u na-ma-ri siruti kima issu libbi na-me-re sa imitti [adi] sippi sa
atartimmaepus I built a watchhouse and high duri (the lot extends) from the tower on the
towers as additions Weidner Tn. 18 No. 9:38, right side to the edge of the wall Iraq 25 99 BT
also 17 No. 8:19; enuma na-mi-ru sa bdbi 136:5, cf. TA na-me-ri a ZAG van Driel Cult
rabite sa ri nese a kisalmahhi sa bit Istar aa of Assur 92 vii 31, (with §d GtiB) ibid. 33; X KIS
GN beltija ... enuhu when the towers at the ammar ruti na-me-ri-su kabbur AfO 8 43 Ass.
19763:2, cf. nebihi sa na-mi-ri ibid. 6, cf. also
(sides of the) great gate at the beginning of
the (row of?) lion-colossi in the large court- ibid. 8; (a room) birte na-mer-a-ni between
yard of the temple of Istar of Nineveh, my the towers Sumer 30 65:14 (all NA); note the
goddess, had fallen into ruin ibid. 54 No. 60:8, personal name Istar-na-ma-ri IAtar-Is-My-
Tower ADD 742:32, see Stamm Namengebung
also ibid. 10f. and No. 61:3 (Assur-res-isi I);
211; obscure: ana pi qup-pat KA a pi na-
na-me-ri-su u siqqurratesuana same useqqima
me-re ipteuni epis (a sheep) was slaughtered
I built its towers and its ziqqurratu'ssky-high
for .... KAJ 199:4 (MA).
(referring to the Anu-Adad temple in Assur)
AKA 98 vii 101 (Tigl. I); igdrdtesa u na-mi-ri- In EA 1:35, (give orders that a trusted man)
sa usaqqma I built its (the palace's) walls irrub ana na-ma-ra i-se u temse itti Sarri
and towers higher AfO 19 141:12 (Tigl. I); enter to see her house and her relations with
bitu s4 na-ma-ru-su (vars. A
na-ma-ru-su, iz the king, na-ma-ra is an awkward writing or
E na-ma-ru-u) ... enahu AOB 1 88:16 (Adn. error for amdru.
I); anhit E na-me-ri a DN uddis he repaired Schott, ZA 40 Iff.
the ruined towers of DN KAH 2 85:2 (Tn. II);
enema E na-me-ru (var. na-mi-ri) [... nahu] namaru B (*namru) s.; mirror; OAkk.,
when the tower had fallen into ruin Borger OB, Qatna, MB, NA; pl. namrani; cf. amdru.
Einleitung 145:4 (mamsi-Adad IV); 80 ina am: ab-rum, a-ka-rum, a-du-rum, a-ma-rum, mu-.a-
mati rupsu ina tarsi E na-ma-ri bit Istar 134 lum, mu-u-lum, nam-kur i-ni, si-mat pa-ni =
na-ma-rum An VII 91ff.
ina ammati rupsu ina tarsi E na-ma-ri bit
Kidmuri eighty cubits was its width on the 1 na-ma-ru-um ZABAR one mirror made of
side opposite the tower of the temple of IStar, bronze TCL 2 pl. 43 5589:1 (OAkk.); 1 na-
134 cubits was its width on the side opposite ma-ar KiJ.[x] ARM 7 245:11; 1 na-ma-ru sa
the tower of the Kidmuri temple (referring kaspi 40 GIN ina KI.LA.BI one silver mirror
to a palace) OIP 2 99:44 (Senn.); nebihi sa weighing forty shekels EA 25 ii 56 and 58;
na-mi-ri (in broken context) AfO 8 43 Ass. 20 na-m[a-ar pa]-ni a siparri 12 na-m[a-ar
19763:6, also 2 and 8 (unidentified king), cf. pa]-ni rabbitusa siparrinapharu32 na-ma-ar
na-me-ri nebihi samtu KAH 1 71:5 and [p]a-ni twenty bronze looking glasses, twelve
dupls., see AfO 3 1 (Sar.), also ibid. 4. large bronze looking glasses, in all 32 looking
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namaru C namaiu
glasses EA 14 ii 75ff.; 1 na-ma-ru KU.GI 11, 16 (list of textiles); uncert.: [.. .] na-
one golden mirror RA 43 168:313 (Qatna inv.); WA-su-hu-um (among barley rations) BE 3
na-ma-ru KV.GI a golden mirror (in broken 165 i 2.
context) Sumer 9 34ff. No. 25 ii 8, 31, iii 43,
b) in OA: 1 TUG na-ma-s[u-h]a(!)-am(!)
iv 9 (MB); na-mu-ru kaspi ana muhhisa [... ]
upazzir he has smuggled one n.-textile
Ebeling Parfiimrez. pl. 22:13, also (broken) ibid.
RA 58 114 Sch. 15:12; twenty abarniu textiles
pl. 23 r. 3, na-me-ru ibid. obv. 1; dnam-ra-ni eri
of very fine quality 10 TUG.I.A na-ma-su-hi
kilalli mazzassuunu damqat adannis (see
SIG5 DIRI 10 TfUG a Akkede SIG5 DIRI sa lubiu
manzaltu A mng. 1) ABL 91:5 (all NA);
sarrutim ten n.-textiles of very fine quality,
paiuru remu hur@si u na-ma-ru hurasi
ten Akkadian-style textiles of very fine
[l]usgdmma ana DN luddin I will take the
quality, (suitable) for royal garments CCT 5
table, the golden figurine of a wild bull, and
44a:3; 4 kutanu 1 na-ma-su-hu-[um] four
the golden mirror and give them to Ningal
kutanu textiles, one n. CCT 1 39a:11, cf. 5
ABL 1246 r. 8, also ibid. r. 3 (NB); for dugS-
ku-ta-nu u na-ma-su-hu-um ibid. 13, and passim
leather used in the manufacturing of mirrors,
in this text; 2 TUG na-ma-su-hu CCT 5 36a: 4,
see dudi A mng. 2c.
also ibid. 34c: 8, CCT 1 15a:5; 1 TUG na-ma-su-
namaru C s.; (a garment); OAkk., early ha-am sa PN BIN 4 10:31, also CCT 1 39a: 2.
NB. c) in OB: 2 GIN s m TUG na-ma-an-su---
na-ma-rum(var. -ri) = su-ba-tu Malku VI 30. um two and two-thirds shekels (of silver),
1 TUG na-ma-ru-um 3 KAM US UET price for a n.-textile TCL 10 100:34.
3 1750:4; 2 TU~G na-ma-ru-um TUR.TUR YOS Veenhof Old Assyrian Trade 167f.
4 296:36, 1 TUG na-ma-ru-um KA KAM ibid.
38 (OAkk.); 1 TUG na-ma-ru TD one white(?) namaiu (namussisu, namussuu) v.; 1. to
n.-garment HS 157:11, 21, 29, 37, 45, 52, cf. depart, to set out, to move, 2. to defect
(two) ibid. 2; 1 TUG na-ma-ru KA-SU SIG SAG (to an enemy), 3. dina namasu to bring a
one n., its border of fine wool ibid. 70 (early lawsuit, 4. nummusu to depart, to set out,
NB list of garments), of. ibid. 61, 72, see Aro 5. nummusu to give someone an order to
Kleidertexte p. 13ff. depart, to dispatch, 6. dina nummusu to
bring a lawsuit; from OA, OB on; I immus -
namasu (uemesu) s.; churn; lex.*; cf. inammus, imp. umus, 1/2 (Ass. ittumus), I1;
msu B. cf. nammass l, nammastu, nammusisu.
dug.A-ki-irURux G U = sa-ki-ru = na-ma-su (var. [tu-tu] [BUL.BL] = [n]a-a-u,na-m[a-u] Diri I
ni-me-si) d 4iz-bi (var. adds k[a-x-x]) Hg. II 70, 357f.; tu-tu BUL.BUL = na-a-sum, na-ma-hum
b
in MSL 7 110. Proto-Diri 70e-f; tu-uk BUL = n[a-ma-u] S I
133a; e-ri in = ala[ku], na-ma-[§u] Idu II 301 f.
namati see namsa. du.du.ur.hi= na-mu-§i-Ju-um, ha.ra.ab.du.
du.ur.hi = li-im-ma-§i-is-ku-<um>, ba.du.du.
namaSiatu (or namnma8()iatu) s.; (mng. ur.hi = ta-ma-a-as OBGT XV 13ff.; [sa].x.
uncert.); OB.* x.x = it-ta-am-4a-a , [sa].du 1 o.ur(text .al).hi =
[na-m]u-u-eum Nigga Bil. B 253f.
1 na-ma-si-a-tum ina si-bu-ut [...] VAS 9 it-mu-Au = MIN (= a-la-a-ku) An IX 53.
191a:13.
tu-nam-mad 5R 45 K.253 v 43 (gramm.).
namagSuhu see namassu'u. 1. to depart, to set out, to move --
a) in OA, Mari: adi ... kaspam uasiqulusu
namaSu'u (namaisuhu, namansu'u, nabasd
ajema la a-na-mu-u until I have made him
suhu) s.; (a textile); OAkk., OA, OB.
pay the silver, I will not set out for anywhere
a) in OAkk.: 1 TUG na-ba-u-hu-um SIGg RA 60 108:20; adi imii sa subdti imallini la
one n.-textile of good quality UET 3 1563:5, ta-na-mu-ia-am do not depart until the time
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namaiu nam8au
(which we have fixed for the delivery) of the e) in SB: maSdma na-mu-i-d (var. nam-
garments has come CCT 4 29b: 25 (both OA); di-[x]) epdja my feet have forgotten how to
ana GN i[lliku] ina halsiu la im-mu-su they move Lambert BWL 42:79 (Ludlul II); un-§i
went to GN, they did not leave its area atlaki garitti ildti set out, go, most valiant
RA 52 165:11 (Mari let.). among the goddesses BA 5 565 ii 5; umma
... kal pagribu kima kalmatu iba 4 i-nam-
b) in EA: mani iimti la ji-na-mu-us istu mus u qdssu ubbalma la ibadSil (see ekeku
abulli u ul nilei asdm for how many days usage a) Labat TDP 192:33; summa immeru
will he not depart from the city gate? we are ... nim-su-u sa imitti ana panisunu sa
not able to go out EA 88:19; la i-nam-mu-Su- sumeli ana arkisunu nam-Su(text -ma) if the
nim istu pi abulli GN (the enemies) do not (slaughtered) lamb's right sinews are moved(?)
depart from the city gate of Byblos EA 87:23; toward the front, and the left toward the rear
amminim i-nam-mu-[us rabisu sa]
arri CT 31 32 r. 15 (SB behavior of sacrificial lamb).
belini istu mdti why does the deputy of the
king, our lord, depart from the land? f) in NA: istu GN it-tu-mus he departed
EA 149:80; la ji-nam-mu-su mar sipri PN from GN AfO 21 44f. (excerpts from NA itiner-
istu muhhi 2 DUMU PN2 the messenger of aries); istu GN at-tu-mus I departed from
Milkilu does not leave Labaja's two sons GN KAH 284: 106ff., 87:10 (Adn.II), ScheilTn.
EA 250:53; II 13, and passim in this text, also, wr. it-turn-
sari sarri ul ti-na-mu-us istu
muhhinu let the breath of the king not mus ibid. 44, 61, 64, 82, r. 33f., it-tum- d
depart from us EA 100:37; nam-su-mi Lj. ibid. r. 4, at-tum4-sd ibid. 54, etc.; iStu GN
MES GN u naksumi alpeja the people of GN at-tu-mus AKA 272 i 54, and passim in Asn.,
set out and slaughtered my cattle EA 248:13; also, wr. at-ti-mus ibid. var., at-tumn-mug
see also EA 292:13 and parallels cited mng. 2. AKA 225:32, at-tum-sd 338 ii 112, at-tum4 -
su 347 iii 3, at-ta-mus 350 iii 14 var., a-tu-mu
c) in MB Alalakh, Bogh., RS: ina sani 315 ii 60, 322 ii 76; itu GN at-tu-mus 3R 7 i 19
imi an-mu-us-ma on the next day I set out (Shalm. III), and passim in this text, also WO 1
Smith Idrimi 18; summa RN istu sdbesu 9:9, 15:9, 20, 63:4, WO 2 156:119f., 222:135,
narkabatisu u ina libbisu ul i-na-mus if RN it-tu-mus 228:163f., 168; ultu GN dl sarrutija
does not set out wholeheartedly with his am-mus-ma I departed from Nineveh, my
troops and his chariots KBo 1 4 ii 18, cf. UF royal city TCL 3 8 (Sar.), ultu GN at-tu-mus
( 98ff. 20 and 24 (treaty); sar Misri ussimi u ibid. 51, and passim in this text, also Streck Asb.
zakdm ussimi ina eSSesi Sa illakam unteSu 72 viii 100, 74 ix 12, 198 iii 13.
i-nam-mu-su-nim u sarru istu arki unite us-
g) in NB: umma andku um-sd abbutti sa
sdmmi (the man taken prisoner) said: The
Menana Lt.AB.BA ana Ummanigas tasabbata
king of Egypt has set out but he has set out
I said: Set out (pl.) so that you can intercede
unencumbered, his equipment will leave at
for Menana, an old man, with Ummaniga§
the next essesu day, and the king will fol-
ABL 1380 r. 12.
low the equipment Ugaritica 5 20 r. 13; (the
boats) hamutta it-ta-mu-us-me ibid 22:21; 2. to defect (to an enemy) (EA only): u
u ahija ine elisu sukun adi umi na-ma-Si-su te-na-mu-su libittu istu supal tappdtesi u
my brother, keep an eye on him until the day andku la i-na-mu-du istu supal epe sarri
of his departure ibid. 41:12 (all letters). belija (sooner) would a brick stir out from
beneath its fellows than would I defect from
d) in MA: ina GN qajani ana na-ma-se the service (lit. stir from under the feet) of
balu blija palhcdku wait for me in GN, the king, my lord EA 292: 13, 15, also EA 266:19,
I am afraid to move on without my lord 23, 296:17, 20; ji-nam(text MA§.NA)-mu-
JCS 7 135 No. 63:20 (Tell Billa), cf. na-ma-a-a us GN UGU-ia GN defects from me (to the
(in broken context) ibid. 136 No. 64:25. enemy) EA 197:8, also, wr. ti-na-mu-u
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namfisu namau
EA 138:39; uplih [mdta] u la ji-na-mu-su him set out and go ABL 1328:10, also Iraq
itu muhhika pacify the land so they will not 17 130 No. 13:23 (Nimrud let.); nam-me-is a-lik
defect from you EA 113:34; inimaji-na-ma- depart, go off K.3458 r. 6 (courtesy W. G.
a mat [sarri] belija u ald[niu] that the land Lambert); na-mi-gd litanka annurig u-ta-mi-
(belonging) to the king, my lord, and its su illuku (he told them) "Set out and go off,"
cities will defect EA 196:42; la ji-na-mu-Ju- now they have set out and are going ABL
na abbutuka iStu abbi[tuja] your forefathers 598:5, 7, cf. (the horses) u-ta-mis-u-ni ABL
did not defect from my forefathers EA 109:7; 226 r. 5; assapramuk na-me-sd md marsdk
inanna [la?] i-na-mu-su urra mic[sa] ina I wrote to him, "Set out (to come) here,"
nukurti sa uvGU-<ia> now they [do not?] (but he answered) "I am sick" ABL 342 r. 15;
refrain day and night from hostilities against
me EA 69:13.
3000 sabe M pe ... ana GN i-ta-me-Su 3,000
soldiers have set out for Musasir ABL 380:8,
also ibid. r. 3, cf. [...] sa nam-mu-si ana
3. dina namadu to bring a lawsuit (RS
mdsarte ABL 582:2; umu sa LU.KIN.A.MES
only): summa dmna mimma i-nam-mus ... u
emuruni u-ta-me-si as soon as he saw the
tuppu annd ila'esu if he brings any lawsuit,
messengers, he departed ABL 515:14; sarru
this tablet will prevail over him MRS 6 44
ina libbi GN illak udina la 4-nam-ma, (I
RS 16.270:41, also 33; summa dindti mimma
heard) "The king will go to GN," (but) so far
i-nam-mu if he brings any lawsuit MRS 9
he has not set out ABL 380 r. 8; kima
145 RS 17.318:22', also dna mimma i-na-mu-us
sarruu-nam-ma-sd lisparinilall[ik]a as soon
itti RN ibid. 27'; summa urra sera PN i-na-
as the king sets out, let them write to me
mu-uddna itti ahilu if at any time PN
and I will come Iraq 21 159 No. 50:30; UD.
brings a lawsuit against his brother MRS 6
20.KAM sa MN u-ta-mi-su it-ta-ta-ku on the
81 RS 16.239:26; [.. .] i-na-mug[. . .] MRS 12
20th of Simanu they departed and went off
42:3.
Iraq 28 189 No. 92: 10; ina GN use ak-ra-ra
4. nummusu to depart, to set out (NA u-na-ma-sa ussa I will lay the foundations
only): LU.GAL.MES issu libbi GN ui-ta-mi-su in GN, (then) I will set out and leave Iraq
ana birte sa PN ittalku the officers set out 20 200 No. 48:8; lispurundi nu-nam-me-sa
from GN and went to PN's fort ABL 441:6; let them write to us, (then) we will depart
uma annri4-tam-me-sd illaka ma ana Sulme ABL 1056 r. 7; Salbatdnu issuhur ut-ta-me-is
ina ekalli allak he has set out just now ina pandtussu ina libbi MUL.GiR.TAB illak
saying: I will go to the palace to greet (the Mars has turned and set out again, he will go
king) ABL 411 r. 3; UD.27.KAM 120 sis .. forward into Scorpius Thompson Rep. 70 r. 3,
ina GN iqtarabuni UD.28.KAM ina libbimma also ibid. 68 r. 1; mar sarri u-nam-mas Lt.
gunu UD.29.KAM i-na-mu-sic on the 27th, GAL.MES itabbiu izzazzu the prince sets
120 horses drew near GN, on the 28th, they out, the officers get up and stand MVAG
were in (GN), on the 29th, they will depart 41/3 66 iii 49 (rit.); LUGAL ana LU si-i-ri em-
(from GN) ABL 192: 10; massartu anassar mar u-nam-mas the king sees the siru and
adi libbi me9 a u-nam-ma-u-ni I will keep sets out K.3455:26', see Miller, MVAG 41/3 82.
watch (on the river) until I have to march
out ABL 1360:11; atd ta-ha-ru-pu tu-na- 5. nummusu to give someone an order to
me-Ae why did you set out so hastily (and depart, to dispatch: emuqka issi maddattika
not wait for the governor of GN)? ABL 311:6, nam-mi-is alka set your troops in motion
ef. issu GN u-na-ma-ds ana alse ina libbi $4 together with your tribute and come ABL
setting out from GN he gets there by the 242:6, cf. ibid. 8, r. 13, 15; andku UD.20.KAM
third day ibid. 10; haramama 4-nam-mag ga MN sisja 4-nam-mag on the 20th of
ana GN ana massartijaallak afterward I will Addaru I will dispatch my horses ABL 637
set out and go to my post in Diir-Kurigalzu r. 7; ina libbi imu sa PN illikani i-na-me-sd-
ABL 883 r. 15 (coll.); lu-nam-me-i lill[ik] let a-ni-ni ina mat Mannaja erubuni when PN
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namattanni namba'u
came to me giving me orders to depart, and ANSE.KUR.RA LUGAL ibid. 71 No. 18:48; PN
when I entered the land of the Manneans L na-mat-ta-ni GUD.MES ibid. 78 No. 33:27;
ABL 342 r. 12; sallutu sa ina panikunu na- LU na-mat-ta-an-niibid. 67 No. 1: 31, also 63 No.
am-me-sd litanka dispatch the prisoners who 7:37.
are under your command and go off Iraq 17 Possibly namattanni is the reading of the
133 No. 15:7; DN ina panatussutu-nam-maS logogram SIPA in MB Alalakh, see Dietrich
you let Belet-ili depart before him BBR No. and Loretz, WO 5 87 n. 29.
64:9; a messenger reported [m]a z-ta-mi-su-
su [ina mu]hhi RN i-tal-lak they have started namattu s.; increase(?); MA*; cf. mddu v.
him off, he has marched against RN ABL 441 eberti GN nahla u harrdna ana na-ma-te la
r. 2; DN -na-ma-da (the king) sets (the statue i-ja(?)-ka(?)-an on the other side of GN he
of) Marduk in motion ZA 50 194:28 (MA rit.), must not encroach(?) on (lit. put to increase?)
cf. DINGIR.MES i-nam-mu-si van Driel Cult either the creek or the road KAJ 146:6, cf.
of Assur 88 vi 40; passiru issu pan sarri the parallel nahla u harrdna ana mitite la
i-nam-mu-su they remove the table from isakkan KAJ 151:7.
before the king MVAG 41/3 66:52 (NA royal
rit.); ina a(?)-hi-ri-it nakri mamma u-nam- namatu v.; (mng. uncert.); lex.*
mas-ka who is sending you after(?) the [z h(?)].kin- na-ma-t[um], [za].kin = da-ra-[8u]
enemy? Ugaritica 5 23:21 (let.); uncert.: minu Lanu A 147 f.
garrukin irde URU un-na-mi-u MU.3.KAM
[ITI.5.KAM i]ttasab VAS 12 193 r. 27 (ar tam-
Restoration of the last sign is uncertain,
but it is most likely -t[um].
hari), restored on the basis of the Hittite parallel
KBo 22 6 iv 9, see Giiterbock, MDOG 101 21. nama'u see namu C s.
nambasu see nambatu.
6. dina nummusu to bring a lawsuit (RS):
Sa dina i-na-mi-is itti PN whoever brings a nambattu s.; (mng. uncert.); syn. list.*
lawsuit against PN MRS 6 154 RS 16.205:18; nam-BE-td = zi-qi-qu Malku III 172.
sar Ugaritana [dini(?)]mimma lu lazi-nam-ma- The reading of the sign BE as bat is
[su(?)]-su the king of Ugarit will not bring uncertain.
any lawsuit against him MRS 9 151 RS
17.59: 10, also 15f. nambatu (nambasu) s.; (mng. uncert.);
OB, SB.
An irregular inf. namuSisu, namusu u
(with reduplication, see von Soden GAG Supp. nam-ba-tu : ul-lu-us libbi : summa martu
p. 19**) is attested in OBGT and Nigga, nam-ba-[ti ... ] - n. (indicates) pleasure of
cited in lex. section, and in Lambert BWL the heart (as in the following omen): if the
42:79, cited mng. If; the finite forms which gall bladder is [...] with n.(-s) CT 20 40:26
appear beside this inf. in these lex. texts do not (SB ext.); summa martum imittada ana
permit the reconstruction of a paradigm of zihhi daqqitim kima na-am-ba-zi itaddat if the
such a reduplicated stem. For the adj. right part of the gall bladder is dotted with(?)
nam(m)udsi u see s.v. fine pustules as (if with) n.-s RA 27 149:24
(OB ext.), see Riemschneider, ZA 57 130.
For En. el. V 14 (umus or ussir), see agii A
mng. 2a-2', and Landsberger, JNES 20 156. Either the two references represent vari-
For CT 18 40 ii 65 (= Lanu A 147) see namatu. ants of the same word or one of the two
spellings (tu in the SB text or zi in the OB
namattanni s.; herdsman; MB Alalakh; text) is an error.
foreign word. namba'u s.; seep, water hole; MB, SB;
PN LU na-mat-ta-an-niAN§E.KUR.RA WO 5 of. nabd'u A.
62 No. 5:29; PN LU na-mat-ta-an-ni a il-lu A.KAL = Inu, pl, nam-ba-'u Diri III 130a--c.
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nambabtu namburbfi
dulli bitqi mihri nam-ba-'-i (they are ittisu igattar unfinished (tablet), an apotro-
exempt from) work on sluice(?), dam, or seep paion for warding off the evil should be writ-
MDP 2 pl. 21 ii 19 (MB kudurru); nam-ba-'i ten along with it Or. NS 36 35 Sm. 810 r. 10;
uptalliaana babdli kuppu he pierced water NAM.BIR.BI BUR-ma [ana] ... eterisu CT 34
holes (in the corpse of Tiamat) to carry 9 r. 2; Ea, Samag, and Asalluhi mupasiru
catchwaters En. el. V 58; mulmullu ... epus NAM.BUR.BI-e ema idati ittati mala basd who
litat AsSur belija ina muhhi astur ina muhhi execute apotropaic rituals wherever there
nam-ba-'i sa GN ukin I had an arrowhead are portentous happenings and signs LKA
made, wrote the victories of my lord A§§ur 109:16 and dupls., see Or. NS 40 157, cf. 4R 17
on it, and set it up by the water holes at GN r. 15, Schollmeyer No. 31:2; musetiq NAM.B R.
Rost Tigl. III p. 28:161; ina imisuma ina BI.MES iddti ittdti (you, Samar, are the one)
muhhi nam-ba-'i ... ada epusma in those who averts the (effects of) signs (and)
days I built a city above the seeps (and portents by means of apotropaic rituals
named it Dur-Sarrukin) Lyon Sar. p. 14:39, LKA 111:10; NAM.BiR.BI ippS CT 34 8:14;
also ibid. 7:44; ina res GN GN, GN3 nam-ba-'i menu hittu NAM.BUR.BI-di lu epic what is
dmurma indtisunu piqdte urabbima utir ana the harm in it? - the relevant apotropaic
kuppi at the head of GN, GN 2 , and GN 3, ritual should be performed Thompson Rep.
I found seeps and enlarged their narrow 88:10 (NA); anamassarti <.. . > NAM.BITR.BI-e-
openings and turned them into catchwaters zi lpusu <let them be careful> about the
OIP 2 114 viii 34 (Senn.); asar kuppi nam-ba-'i guard(?), let them perform the relevant
.ia me mala bas4 wherever there was a catch- apotropaic ritual ACh Supp. 2 62:18, see
water or a seep of water (I placed guards) Parpola LAS No. 289, cf. ana massarti lu la
Streck Asb. 74 ix 31. isittu NAM.BBUR.BI-e-si ... lpusu ABL 337 r.
18, see Parpola LAS No. 278, cf. also massartu
nambibtu s.; wasp; SB; pl. nambubiti;
lu dannat NAM.BUR.BI.MES IR.SA. HUN.GA.MES
cf. nibtu.
[nep]ese a dihu mitdni ana sarri ... u mare
ni m.l11 = lal-la-dr-td,nam-bu-ub-ti (var. nu-ub- sarri ... lepusu ABL 629 r. 13, see Parpola LAS
tum), zu-um-bi diS-pi Hh. XIV 325ff.; [nim].
gesbur(u) musen = nam-bu-ub-td = ada-ma-mu-r No. 279 (all letters of Mar-Istar), of. also Thompson
Hg. B IV 304, in MSL 8/2 170; gii.b[u.ur] Rep. 82 r. 7, 96:4, 195 r. 8; ganutteu NAM.
muen = nam-bu-.b-tum = a-da-mu-mu Hg. C 31, BUR.BI-si sarru etapas (now) the king has
in MSL 8/2 172. already performed an apotropaic ritual con-
nim.ge-ed-buu : nam-[bu]-ub-tu MSL 8/2 61:230
(Uruanna); NIM nam-bu-ub-td : NIM a-[da-m]u-mu
cerning him (the substitute king) twice
ibid. 229. ABL 46 r. 15, see Parpola LAS No. 298; NAM.
BUR.BI ma'dite bit rimki bit sal' me nepese
piazu ... ana nam-bu-b[a]-ti akildt inib
Sa adipiZte iR.SA.HUN.GA.ME naqab4te ga
sippdti anis[ma] the mouse mocks the
tupSarritu ussallimu etapsu numerous apo-
wasps who eat the fruits of the orchards
tropaic rituals, the bit rimki (and) bit sald' me
Lambert BWL 216:49; uncert.: nam-bu-um-x
ceremonies, (and other) rituals of the exor-
EN dribu kipilsu KAR 307 r. 9, see TuL p. 36.
cist's craft, as well as propitiatory prayers
Landsberger Fauna 132. and recitations by the scribes, were performed
in a flawless manner ABL 437:17, see Parpola
namburbii s.; ritual for warding off a por-
LAS No. 280, cf. NAM.B iR.BI annuti sa epguni
tended evil, apotropaion, apotropaic ritual;
issalmu ibid. r. 4; NAM.BVR.BI-s4-nu ibagsi
SB, NA, NB; Sum. lw.; wr. NAM.BIR.BI
dullu ibai PN isAisri i-pa-ds tomorrow
(also with phon. complements).
Adad-§umu-usur will certainly perform the
a) in gen.: NAM.B fR.BI lumun birsu palsri apotropaic ritual applicable to them (the
apotropaion to avert the evil (portended) by katarrufungi) and the rite ABL 367 r. 6; (Ea)
flashing light CT 38 29:46, see Caplice, Or. NS who caused the earthquake NAM.BlR.BI
40 165; NU AL.TIL NAM.BTR.BI BiR-ma etapa has also established an apotropaic
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namburbfi namgissu
ritual for it ABL 355 r. 12, see Parpola LAS DIL.AM AMT 7,8 r. 7; NAM.BUR.BI lumun
No. 35; NAM.BUR.BI-sU lassu there exists no qasti kalama pasarimma apotropaic ritual to
relevant apotropaic ritual for it (the eclipse) dissipate all the evil stemming from a bow
ABL 470:8, see Parpola LAS No. 104; NAM. LKA 113:1, see Ebeling, RA 49 137; note NAM.
BUR.BI the apotropaic ritual (in this case is) BTR.BI (omitted in var.) lumun ru'ti §B-e
Biggs Saziga 40 No. 21: 15, also BBR No. 11 iii 12; (var. AUB.BA) KAR 72 r. 5 and dupl., see Cap-
ina libbi NAM.BR.BI-s4 qabi md in the lice, Or. NS 39 136 r. 8; for other refs. see
relevant apotropaic ritual it says as follows K.2389:1ff., K.3277:2ff.,Rm. 2,178:2ff., see Cap-
ABL 370:9, see Parpola LAS No. 203; anni lice, Or. NS 34 108ff. (namburbi catalogs); NAM.
NAM.BUR.BI-sd-nu this is the apotropaic BUR.BI summa amelu bissu ... ana kaspi iddin
ritual for them (the listed portentous signs) KAR 72 r. 12; NAM.BTR.BI summa Sin u
JNES 33 200:56 (diviner's manual), annd lu gamaS ana rube u matiu zinnatu ib. 4 the
NAM.BUR.BI-ia may this (recitation of my apotropaic ritual for the case when sun and
vision) become the apotropaic ritual for(?) me moon have become a grievance to the prince
ZA 43 19:75; ,a NAM.BUR.BI (in broken and his country ABL 23:15, see Parpola LAS
context) RAcc. 131:57; note: (he performs No. 185; NAM.BUJR.BI sa attali ABL 895 r. 4
the ritual) NAM.BUR.BI (perhaps to be read (NB, = Thompson Rep. 274); NAM.BTR.BI LJ.HAL
ipassar or the like) LKA 111 r. 10, also KAR ana NUN.ME bira [...] BBR No. 11+ r. iv 25,
389 (p. 349) i 10. cf. ibid. 15.
c) in colophons, catch lines and other

b) with reference to the portended danger
scribal notations: tuppi 135.KAM NAM.BUR.BI
to be averted: arki anni NAM.BtTR.BI HUL
Craig ABRT 1 67 r. 9, see Ebeling, RA 49 184 r. 16;
Di.A.BI teppus kima NAM.BUR.BI tetepSu labi[ridu
[DUB X KAM] NAM.BUR.BI.ME§~
afterward you perform the apotropaic ritual
satir] [xth] tablet of the series Namburbi
against "every evil," after you have per-
written according to its original K.3443 r. 13,
formed the n. (you perform a ritual) LKA 120
see Or. NS 40 169, cf. 4R 60 r. 35, BBR No.
r. 4 and dupl., see Caplice, Or. NS 39 143; NAM.
43: 11, Or. NS 36 296 K.6313: 23, Or. NS 39 114:23,
BfR.BI lumun kalama apotropaic ritual
adi NAM.BUR.BI CT 39 50 K.957:11 (Alu
against evil of all kinds ABL 370 r. 3, 51:6,
catalog); Sd NAM.BUR.B[I ... ] UET 6 405 r. 2.
see Parpola LAS Nos. 203-204, ABL 23:14, r. 11,
see Parpola LAS No. 185, BBR No. 26 iv 23; NAM. namdalu (nandalu) s.; millipede(?); lex.*
BUR.BI ittCt same u erseti mala basd KAR 44
[g].tr = Ad-tur-ru = nam-da-[lu] Hg. B IV 30,
r. 6, NAM.BUR.BI lumun seri ana ameli la tehe
in MSL 8/2 47, [zi.zi.pei.a] = [a-as-8u-r]u -
apotropaic ritual to prevent the evil (por- na-an-d[a-lu] ibid. 34.
tended) by a snake from approaching a Landsberger Fauna 129.
man AMT 91,2:1 and dupl., see Or. NS 36 24:7,
note abbr. NAM.B5R Or. NS 42 515:1 (= Hun- namdattu s.; delivery, tax; OB*; cf.
ger Uruk 6), and passim in this text; NAM. madddu A v.
BUR.BI lumun pilsi a ina bit ameli pallu
apotropaic ritual for the evil (portended) sattam ana sattim na-am-da-at-ta-su-nu
by a hole cut in a man's house KAR 72:26, ebetumma ibit ... Se'am limdudu year after
has been .... , they
see Ebeling, RA 48 184; NAM.BUR.BI biru year their delivery
deliver (as much) barley (as last year
essu buru labiru kusarti buri u narmaki should
.a bit amnli NAM.BUR.BI SU.BI.DIL.AM apo- and the year before last) Kraus AbB 1 125:6.
tropaic ritual for a new well, or an old well, namerimburrudli see mcmitu.
for the repair of a well or washing place in
a man's house, (the) apotropaic ritual is the namgaru see namkaru.
same (as that given above) Or. NS 40
149f.:25f., cf. [NAM].BTfR.BI eqli U kirt SU.BI. namgissu see nagissu.
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**namgurtu namhartu
**namgurtu (AHw. 727a) see naggurtu; 2' in Mari: wheat [n]am-ha-ar-tiPN ina
for KTS 3c:8 see magdru mng. 10. bit PN 2 ARM 9 40:2, also ibid. 43:3, 44:3, and
passim in these texts, see Birot, ARMT 9 255f.,
namhartu (namharu,namhirtu) s.; 1. goods, also ARMT 11 239:2, 12 411:2, and passim replac-
staples, etc., received, 2. receipt; OB, Mari, ing amhur, wr. SU.TI.A ARM 9 228:4, ARMT 12
OB Elam, MB; pl. namhartu (e.g., ARM 9 17:5; barley nam-ha-ar-tiPN ina bit GN ina
234 iv 8, ARMT 12 263:29); wr. syll. (nam- SE sibsi ARMT 11 42:2; oil ana paSds PN
SU.TI.A PN ARM 7 3:5; um SU.TI.A ... ul
har/ha-ar Riftin 75:2, 84:4, TLB 4 50:10) and 2
SU.TI.A (SU.TI PSBA 34 110 No. 2:1, 5); cf. damiq (in broken context) ARM 2 81:31.
maharu.
3' in Elam: barley nam-har-ti PN
u .ga.an.na.ab.tim = nam-har-tu, man-da-tu, MDP 22 143:3.
tam-gur-tu Ai. II ii 28ff.; [gi§.ban].Marduk
[ga.an].na.ab.dug 4 .ga.ta = i-na siiti Marduk 4' in MB: nam-fhal-ar-ta sumhiruniiti
4a nam-har-ti (measured) with the stu measure let them receive what they are entitled to
of Marduk which is (used) for commodities to be receive BE 17 83:10 (let.); barley nam-ha-
received Ai. III i 29f.
ra-tum a PN PBS 2/2 117:1, cf. nam-har-tu
(in broken context) Sumer 9 p. 34ff. No. 4:38.
1. goods, staples, etc., received - a) in
gen. - 1' in OB: wool na.am.ha.ar. b) beside other administrative or ac-
turn ki.PN.ta PN2 .e su
ba.an.ti received counting terms: ana PN anaguddunim nadnu
goods, PN 2 received from PN UM 29-13-100:3 MU.DU PN2 PN3 u PN4 nam-ha-ar-ti PN
(early OB Nippur); barley SU.TI.A PN KI PN 2 (silver) which was assigned to PN for collec-
mdria TCL 1 114:2; barley SU.TI.A PN KI tion, delivered by PN2, PN 3, and PN,, (and)
PN 2 BE 6/2 55:11 (Nippur), also (oil) BE 6/1 received by PN YOS 13 331:13, also CT 45 43:16,
32:2, (silver) PBS 8/2 203:2 (both from Sippar), for further refs. see musaddinu usage a; silver
VAS 7 54:6 (Dilbat); dates SU.TI.A PN ... KI MU.DU PN SU.TI.A PN 2 Grant Bus. Doc. 34:5,
PN, andanakkim Boyer Contribution No. 126:4, wr. nam-har-ti Frank Strassburger Keilschrift-
also (barley) ibid. 131:8, (silver) TCL 10 100:11, texte 28 r. 4; MU.DU PN nam-ha-ar-ti PN 2
Grant Bus. Doe. 58:2, 59:2 (all from Larsa), cf. BE 6/1 72:9, 91:13, BE 6/2 127:5, 131:10, TLB 1
JCS 24 94 No. 1:2, 4:2, and passim in this archive 276:5, 277:6 (all from Sippar), note oil MU.DU
(from Ur); SU.TI.A PN ina SU PN, Cros Tello PN ... nam-har PN 2 Riftin 84:4; silver MU.
p. 192:2 and r. 1 (Lagas); wool SU.TI.A PN DU PN wakil tamkari GN NiG.SU PN2 DUMU
Frank Strassburger Keilschrifttexte 22:2; barley GIR.NITA nam-ha-ar-ti PN3 muaddinim [GinR
nam-ha-ra-tum a PN UCP 10 138 No. 67:2; PN, tamkarim Boyer Contribution No. 139:6, of.
barley SU.TI.A 90 UN.iL.MES a Babilim Grant Bus. Doc. 32:5; silver nam-ha-ar-ti PN
BIN 2 97:2, of. Birot Tablettes 12:6, 20:2, 52:7, ... KI PN 2 PA MAR.TU NI.SU PN 3 wakil
55: 13, 56:6, Riftin 82:3; SU.TI.A DIDLI individ- tamkdri GiR PN, Pinches Berens Coll. 94:3, 95:3;
ual goods received PBS 8/2 175:24, also Riftin barley NIG.§U PN nam-ha-ar-ti PN, UCP 10
133:14; silver nam-ha-ar-ti PN UET 5446:5, 103 No. 26:4; SU.TI.A PN SAM MAS.HI.A NIG.SU
(dates) Holma Zehn Altbabylonische Tontafeln PN, RT 17 p. 35:2; dates SU.TI.A PN it-ti
2:15, BIN 2 102:10 (both Larsa); nam-ha-ar-ti PN, GiR PN 3 Boyer Contribution No. 134:2;
PN Genouillac Kich 2 D 50:2, Gautier Dilbat GiR PN nam-ha-ar-tiPN2 YOS 5 227:16; silver
63:2; x barley na-am-ha-ar-ti 20 GUR SE GiR PN I
PN KU.TI.A3 BA.ZI Grant Bus.
TCL 10 107:2; beer SU.TI.A illatim qadum Doc. 51:6, also Boyer Contribution No. 104:6;
mastit vD.1.KAM (see illatu mng. 3) BE 6/1 silver SU.TI.A PN u PN, inufma ana kamnim
56:7; note: barley SU.TI.A (parallel: nam- dita'umim illiku KI PN 3 BA.ZI TCL 10 60: 2, 56:5,
ha-ar) PN KI PN 2 Riftin 76:2, parallel ibid. 17, 20, 61:5, 63:4, 64:2, 5, 7, 9, 12; barley A LO.
75:2; ipram nam-ha-ar PN ... uStabilakkum THUN.GA SU.TI.A PN KI PN 2 BA.ZI KISIB PN 3 U
TLB 4 50:10 (let.). PN, BIN 7 97:9; barley MU.DU PN u tappesu
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namhartu namharu
A LrU.HU.GA SU.TI.A PN 2 GIR PN 3 KISIB PN 4 U rificial) birds sa ana nepes bdrim PN iddinu
PN 5 ibid. 96, and passim in these texts, see Walters MU.DU PN nam-ha-ar-ti bari BE 6/1 118:7;
Water for Larsa Nos. 5ff.; naphar x GI.MES 5 LU.MES SU.TI.A PN NiG.SU PN 2 Gautier
nam-ha-ar-tum u BA.ZI TCL 18 155:12 (let.); Dilbat 62:2; x gold ana
aa iprani U.TI.A
barley nam-ha-ar-ti PN pu-ha-at sa <ina> marl ummeni for individual work (assign-
GN PN 2 imdudu UCP 10 168 No. 99:4; nam- ments) supplies received by the craftsmen
har-ti GN u PN ZI.GA NIG.SU PN 2 VAS 13 13 ARM 7 4 r. 14, and passim in this volume.
r. 7; GI.PISAN ... sa na-<am>-har-ti KiS
e) as a standard for weights and measures:
Genouillac Kich 1 B 416:2.
NA4 nam-ha-ar-ti (wool weighed) with the
c) referring to (private and administrative) weigh-stone for goods to be received JCS 2
loans and other debts or obligations: silver 107 No. 10:7, and passim in these texts; NA 4
SU.TI.A PN u PN 2 KI PN 3 DUMU.SAL PN 4 UD. nam-ha-ar-ti ekallim CT 6 370:1, Waterman
EBUR.SE i.LA.E received by PN and PN2 from Bus. Doc. 19:1; GIS.BA.Ri.GA Marduk sa nam-
PN 3 , the daughter of PN 4, at harvest time they har-tim BE 6/1 99:8, for other refs. see JCS 2 85;
(text: he) will pay it back BE 6/2 75:2, cf. GIS.BAN Marduk sa nam-ha-ar-ti CT 8 36c:2;
VAS 8 129:1, 3, 5, Jean Sumer et Akkad 209:3, GIS.AS nam-ha-ar-tim Boyer Contribution No.
201:10f., 221:2; silver SU.TI.A PN KI PN 2 'um 205:2, BIN 2 96:2, Szlechter Tablettes 150 MAH
ummidnum irrisukaspam i.LA.E YOS 8 142:2; 16.162:2, for other refs. see ibid. p. 150f., JCS 2
silver NIG.SU PN ... sa KI PN 2 PN 3 PN 4 u PN5 85, see also Ai., in lex. section.
imhuru MU.DU PN 3 PN 4 u PN 5 nam-ha-ar-ti
2. receipt (document): kanikum 4 nam-
PN 2 Waterman Bus. Doc. 30 r. 5; silver sa PN
har-tum sa PN ina qdti PN 2 illiam iheppi if
UGU PN 2 id'4 MU.DU PN, nam-ha-ar-ti PN
PN's sealed tablet and receipt should appear
Edzard Tell ed-Der 47:8; GU.UN HASHUR.II.A
in the possession of PN,, he (PN,) will destroy
Sa PN sa ana mdri PN 2 idsaknu kima marl PN 2
it Boyer Contribution No. 135:13, cf. KI§IB
PN3 GU.UN SU.TI.A isbat PN itanappal VAS 9
SU.TI.A PN YOS 12 164:1.
8:7; silver SAM.SE SA kisir bitim nam-ha-ar-ti
PN Genouillac Kich 2 C 88:4; dates KI PN In Kraus, AbB 5 145 r. 2, SU.TI.A seems to
SU.TI.A GN KA.TA PN PN 2 u PN 3 owed to PN stand for melqetu.
by the village of GN, guaranteed by PN, PN,, Koschaker, HG 6 1774ff. and ZA 47 167ff.
and PN 3 TCL 11 167:3 (Sukunn contract).
namharu s.; 1. vat, 2. receptacle, 3. (unkn.
d) referring to taxes, dues, and work mng.); from OAkk., OB on; pl. namharatu;
obligations: silver IGI.SA PN sa My ... nam- cf. maharu.
ha-ar-ti PN 2 BIN 2 95:6; gleaned barley
dug.nam.ha.ru MSL 7 118 iv 7 (MB Fore-
nam-ha-ar-ti PN TLB 1 96:15; barley nam- runner to Hh. X); dug.lahtan(NUNUz.ABxLA)
ha-ar-tiPN E.KISIB ] DN UCP 10 121 No. 47:3, = lah-ta-nu = nam-har // nar-fa-bi, dug.mud -
and passim in these texts; barley PAD E DN hu-bu-ru = MIN (= nam-har) Ad Ai-ka-ri, dug.am.
ma.am = u-mu = MIN §d sa-bi-i, dug.hara 4 =
SU.TI.A PN BIN 2 68:23 (OB school tablet);
nam-ha-ar-ti ... SA MU ... sa ina GN
immahru TCL 10 103:7; x barley delivered
Su-u
ha-ru-z = MIN tur-ru-u, dug.lamx(BI).si.s -=
(= lamsi8s) = nam-zi-tum // nam-ha-ru Hg.
A II 65-69, in MSL 7 109f.; dug.lamx.si.sa =
(by several persons) ana natbak GN nam-ha- nam-ha-ru (in group with narmaku, narmaktu)
ar-ti PN PN 2 ... u kar GN BE 6/1 99:12; Antagal F 160.
am-ru-um-mu, lam-i-au = nam-h[a-ru] Malku
barley MU.DU PN SA ramanisu nam-ha-ar-ti
IV 147f.
SA.TAM.MES ana ekallim Gautier Dilbat 57:5;
wool nam-har-ti ekallim CT 8 11c:l1; wax 1. vat - a) material: 1 DUG nam-ha-ru-
ana URUDU namzaqum sa bit DN epedim sv. um (in inventory of vessels) ANES 9 17 No.
TI.A gurgurrim KI PN GiR PN, VAS 8 103:5; 8 i 7 (Ur III); x DUG nam-ha-ru ARMT 12
animals for offerings SU.TI.A ENSi NA.GADA 744:1, 3f.; 8.TA DUG nam-ha-ri (beside
PN PBS 8/1 14:23, also ibid. 62 r. 1, 64:4; (sac- dannu) VAS 6 182:23 (NB); if a snake falls
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namharu namhar
ana DUG nam-ha-ri Sd [...] CT 38 32:31 clear away the n. ibid. 30 (namburbi); [ana]
(SB Alu), and passim with dot. DUG, see mng. Ic; DUG nam-ha-ri tatabbak epeisu tarahhas you
1 nam-ha-rum KU.BABBAR 3J MA.NA [KI.LA. pour (beer) into a n. (and) bathe his feet
BI] (among gifts from the king of Carchemish) Kocher BAM 124 ii 8, cf. ibid. i 52, 398 r. 45.
ARM 7 238:2, cf. (in broken context) ibid. 239: 23f.,
d) used in the preparation of beer:
264 ii 3f.; nam-ha-ra-ti 9a kaspi sa bit nars
namzitam na-am-ha-ra u pursiam a Sikarim
makti KBo 1 3:5; nam-ha-ra KJ.GI.ME§ GAL.
... asariS liter there he should return the
MES (beside narmaktu) EA 19:37 (let. of
fermenting-vat, the n., and the . . . . -vessel
TuSratta); [9 nam-ha]r GAL.MES UD.KA.BAR
for beer TCL 18 86:20 (OB let.); 20 nam-ha-
[9 n]am-har.MES TUR UD.K[A.BAR] EA 25 iv 57
ru sa 1 BA.AN.AM ... anasa alappanim (beside
(list of gifts of Tusratta); 1 na-am-ha-ru sa
other vessels) ARMT 12 743:16', also 742 r. 2f.;
sip[arrim] ARM 9 20:17; 1 nam-ha-rum
10 UTPUL nam-ha-ru ana alappdnu ibid. 740:5.
siparri (followed by 1 kannu siparri)
Wiseman Alalakh 113:12, 416:14 (MB), note: e) other uses: 2 nam-ha-ru ana epitim
[x] LTT.ME§ SIMUG [x] nam-ha-ru [x] smiths two n.-vessels for the bakers ARMT 12 740:8,
(making) [x] n.-vessels ibid. 227:2; 1 nam- also ibid. 743:19'f., also (ana NINDA mersim)
ha-rum siparri MRS 6 186 RS 16.146+ :35; 1 ibid. 2'ff., (ana SAL.MU) ibid. 9'ff., 742:2ff., (ana
nam-har siparri (beside narmaku) AKA 44 abarakkatim) 740:12; he should select fine red
ii 58; nam-har T'D.KA.BAR.MES GAL.ME (var. wine for me ina 1 nam-ha-ri-im sutahteSuma
omits) (beside narmaku) AKA 43 ii 50 (Tigl. I); 10 DUG GESTIN samim mullima ina kunukki
[1 nam-h]a-ri kaspi rabi (for festivals) Adtu kunkima have (fem.) him mix (the wine)
Freydank Wirtschaftstexte 145 r. 5 (NB); for together in one (big) n.-vessel, fill ten jugs
silver n.-s see also mng. Ic. with red wine, seal (them) with this seal
ARM 10 133:13; nam-ha-ra-am U GAL.HI.A
b) capacity and shape: 2 nam-ha-ru Aa 1 sindti ul iddinam he did not give me the jug
BA. AN)>.AM 3 nam-ha-rusa 10 SiLA.AM 3 nam- and these cups ARM 10 74:34, cf. ibid. 31;
ha-ru Aa 5 siLA.AM (beside UTIUL) ARMT 12 ina berusunu S[a]kin nam-ha-[ru(?)] a n. is
742:3ff., also ibid. r. 2f., 743:2'ff., 9'f., 19'f., 23'; placed between them (the city and the
25 nam-ha-ru Aa 1 SiLA.AM ibid. 745:4; 1 GAL temple) KAR 134:19 (inc.), see TuL p. 98.
nam-h[a-ru] ARM 9 271:8; 3 9a 1 nam-ha-ri
three (gur of barley) for one (small) n.-vessel 2. receptacle: x KUS.MAS nam-ha-ru
(i.e., one gur of beer) Freydank Wirtschaftstexte ZID.SE x goatskins (as) receptacles for
29 r. 19; 6 sa 1 nam-ha-ri six (gur of barley) tappinnu flour Gelb OAIC 34:2 (OAkk.).
for one (large) n.-vessel (i.e., two gur of beer) 3. (unkn. mng.): should the king march
ibid. 38 r. 8, x [naml-ha-ra-a-t GAL.MES 3 ana titti(Gis.PES) sa nam-ha-ri ana butni kurt
TUR.ME§ ibid. 27 r. 13, also ibid. 44 r. 8, 1 (possibly a geographical name) K.3467+ :14
nam-ha-ra rabd ibid. 103 r. 8, see ibid. p. 51f., (tamitu, courtesy W. G. Lambert).
also AnOr 9 29 r. 8 (all NB). Salonen Hausgerate 2 210ff.
c) used in rits. and med.: 2 nam-ha-ri namharu see namhartu.
(listed among the utensils of the potter)
RAcc. 6 iv 32, cf. dannitu u nam-ha-ri.ME namhar s.; 1. shaft of a wagon, 2. (a
ibid. 66:10; 3 nam-ha-ra-a-ta K.BABBAR poisonous plant); OB, SB; Sum. lw.; wr.
(with other containers, for the aldm biti syll. and NAM.A.RA.
ritual) YOS 6 192:11, also ibid. 62:4, 189:8, gi§.nam.barax(NNTruz+AB+B+).mar.gid.da =
YOS 7 185:9 (all NB); ana Marduk DvG nam- nam.ha-ru- (var. ha-ru-) Hh.V 88, cf. Hh. XXII
ha-ra tumalldma KAR 389 i 7 (namburbi); Section 11:20.
tf a-tap-pu-u tam-lid : ( nam-ha-ru-u SA
[DUG n]am-ha-ra tumalla Or. NS 40 164
Uruanna I 678; it nam-ha-ru : 6 pa-x-[...]
80-7-19,280:3, nam-ha-ra tasahhap you cover ibid. II 452; t NAM.HA.RA : A§ GIS.[NAk Itar
the n. ibid. 150:28; na[m-ha-ra]tedekki you ibid. III 136.
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namhastu namkaru
1. shaft of a wagon: see Hh. V 88, in lex. light Gilg. IX v 46; abri nuppuhu dipdar gqdu
section;. 2 GI.NAM.HA.RA MAR.GiD.DA two ana 1 KASKAL.GiD.AM na-mir-[tu S]aknat
shafts for a wagon YOS 12 64:3 (OB); [nam]- brush piles were lighted, torches kindled,
ha-ru ]JAR.GU.LA nap-sd-qu [...] (followed there was light for a distance of one beru
by nattullu, bubtu) K.5288 ii 2'. Streck Asb. 266 iii 10, also Borger Esarh. 92 § 61:19;
sdkin na-mir-ti ana nisi [apdti] (Sin) who
2. (a poisonous plant): see Uruanna, in
provides light for mankind BMS 1:3 and dupls.,
lex. section; kakkasu kima kakki sahle
see Mayer Gebetsbeschworungen 491, also (Samai)
lardiu kima lari sahle rabad .BI T.NAM.HA.RA
4R 60:33, see RA 49 38; [m]ukkiS ikleti ,dkin
sumsu the plant whose thorns are like those
na-mir-t[i] (Sama§) who dispels the darkness,
of cress, whose leaves are as large as cress
who brings about brightness ASKT p. 75:11,
leaves, this plant is called n., (he who eats it
and dupls., see Borger, JCS 21 9:90, LKA 142:20,
dies) Kocher Pflanzenkunde 33:13 (series Jammu
also (Girru) sdkin na-mir-ti ana Anunnaki
ikinlu).
Maqlu II 139; ina qereb Ehuraba kima umu
Ad mng. 1: see hard C and Salonen Landfahr- isakkan na-mir-[tu] inside Ehurbaba he
zeuge 121. creates brightness like daylight SBH p. 145
namhastu (nanhastu) s.; punting pole(?); ii 20; ittapardu imu ... na-mir-tui aknat
lex.*; cf. mahdsu. the day brightened, light appeared Bauer
[na]m-has-tum= gi-fal-[1u] CT 18 9 K.4233+ ii 10 Asb. 2 73 K.2524:2, also 78 K.7673:14; indja
(syn. list); GI§ na-an-ha-sa-te = pa-na-an-tu amSam li-IB-tu-la-a-ma na-wi-ir-tam luSbi
(among staves) Practical Vocabulary Assur 520. let my eyes see the sun so that I can have my
fill of light Gilg. M. i 13 (OB, coll. W. G.
namhasu s.; punting pole(?); lex.*; cf.
Lambert); reqet ikletum ki masi na-wi-ir-tum
mahdsu.
(see ikletu usage a) ibid. i 14; ana ill iit
an-ta-dur-gul [M]A.MUK = na-am-ha-[sum] Proto- abnzl na-mir-ta (var. na-wi-ir-tam) Susi bring
Diri 518; an-ta-dur-gul MA.MnKx = nam-ha-[su]
Diri II 303; MIN (= [x]-gul) MA.M[UK] = [nam-ha-su]
forth brightness for the gods I created
A VIII/4:71; gis.nir.an.ta.MA.MUK = nam-ha-su RA 46 28:2 (SB Epic of Zu), dupl. STT 21:2, var.
Hh. IV 389; gi§.gisal.anse = nam-ha-su ibid. from RA 46 90:53 (OB version).
413; [gi8.x.x].gigir, [gi§.x.x].KU.gigir= nam-
ha-su Hh. V 38a--b. b) in transferred mng.: ina amatika
Meissner BAW 1 58f. sirti ... liSakin ZALAG-ti at your majestic
command (Marduk) let there be light (for
namhirtu see namhartu. the people of Babylon) RAcc. 134:249; ina
qibit ilitiki rabite mursu dannu linnasih(i)ma
namiratu see namirtu.
na-mir-tu lumur at the command of your
namirtu (nawirtu, namiratu,nawiratu) s.; divine majesty let the grievous disease be
brightness, lightness; OB, SB; wr. syll. and removed so that I can see brightness LKA 19
ZALAG-tu; cf. namdru v. r. 5 (prayer to Gula).
ba-ar BAR - na-mir-tum A 1/6:252; bar.bar = namiru see namru adj.
na-wi-ir-tum Silbenvokabular A 15; kur.u.ta =
na-wi-ir-tum ibid. 36; zalag.ga = na-wi-ra-tum nimiru see ndmaru A.
ibid. 84; u 4 .zal.la - na-mi-ra-tum Nabnitu
XXII 257. namkaru (namgaru) s.; irrigation canal;
[...] zaldg.ga.x mu.un.[...] : [in]a acpka
OB, MB, SB, NB, LB; cf. makaru A.
ana ikleti na-mir-ti taba[kkan] by your rising you
provide brightness for the dark (region) TCL 6 pa 5 .a.dug4 .ga = nam-ga-ri (var. nam-zA-rum)
53:15f. Hh. XXII Section 8:8', in MSL 11 28.
nagar bi.ib.sA.db.e.x : nam-ga-ri ippatti
a) in gen.: [12 beru ina kadJdidu] na-mir- the irrigation canal will be opened Lambert BWL
rt .aknat after he had reached (in marching 245 iv 52 (bil. proverb).
through the tunnel) twelve beru, there was nam-ga-ru = mi-ik-ru LTBA 2 2:302.
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namkaru namkaru
a) in OB: ana na-am-ka-ri her m qdtam ma'du Sauana pan nam-ga-ri anni asib ina
astakan I have just started digging an nam-ga-ri-su me lilqma nam-gar-ra Sa belija
irrigation canal (send me ten men) TIM 2 limasir he himself (the hazannu) blocked the
4:5 (let.); mi mdcu nam-ka-ri sa ana apparim irrigation canal, my lord must not miss the
Saknu puttima apparam Sa itat GN me mulli proper time for irrigation and cultivation -
there is much water, open the irrigation his own irrigation canal is unused, but he
canals which face the marsh, and fill the lives by my lord's irrigation canal, there is
marsh around Larsa with water OECT 3 much water in his irrigation canal, but he
7:6, see Kraus, AbB 4 85; ina nam-ka-ri-sa u lives by this irrigation canal. Let him take
masqitisa imakkara they (fem.) have the water from his own irrigation canal and let
right to irrigate from her irrigation canal him leave my lord's irrigation canal alone
and irrigation outlet CT 2 5:11; biblam BE 17 40:9, 14ff.; me ultu nam-gar PN ki
rihsam na-am-ka-ra-am u mdnahdt eqlim ipti misu when he opened up PN's irrigation
ula idema (see biblu B mng. la) UET 5 canal the water was not sufficient ibid. 3:16;
212:11; ina nam-kar ramanisu me isatti (the sa GN masqitum qatat KA nam-ga-ra-tisukkur
field) takes (lit. drinks) water from its own the irrigation in GN is finished, the outlet to
irrigation canal CT 4 10:11; a low-lying the irrigation canals is closed ibid. 27:33, cf.
field istu nam-ka-ri-im essim [a]di nam-ka- PBS 1/2 56:21, nam-kar PN BE 17 71:15, and
ri-im saplim from the new irrigation canal passim in MB letters, see Aro Glossar 70; A.SA
to the downstream irrigation canal CT 47 apiti Sa atappa nam-ka-ra u kala la isu an
13a: 3f., cf. ita nam-ka-ri-imlabirim ibid. 13:4; inarable field which has no ditch, irrigation
the front of a field istu atappim arkim adi canal, or dike MDP 10 pl. 11 i 5 (kudurru);
nam-ka-ri-i[m x] x x [x] from the long canal nam-k[a-ar]-u ana siqgtim ana meresti utib
as far as the [...] irrigation canal TLB 1 he (the king) put its (the field's) irrigation
225:4; a field SAG.BI 1.KAM nam-ka-rum GAL canal into good condition for watering and
Sa ita GIS.TIR X first width: the large irrigation cultivation ibid. 10, cf. [n]am-kar siqgtisunu
canal which is next to the .... -woods [la] sekeri[m] ibid. ii 3, cf. also pl. 12 iv 1; nam-
CT 45 111 r. 15, parallel 113:44, cf. ita nam-ka- ga-ri bit PN (location of a field) Kramer AV
rum Sa PN ibid. obv. 25, of. also CT 6 6:3, 46:6, 32 HS 156:28 (early NB); named canals: Nam-
SAG.BI 2.KAM nam-ka-ru-um Sa A.GAR GN gar u.GIR KI BE 15 160:1, BE 14 95:5, and
second width: the irrigation canal of the passim; Nam-gar Bursimashu JNES 21 80
irrigation district of GN CT 2 37:7, CT 47 9:5, right side, Nam-gar Belsunu ibid. left diagonal
SAG.BI 1.KAM nam-kar PN Meissner BAP 74: 10, (MB map); wr. with det. iD: ina kirikti me
ef. CT 2 8:6; x A.A A.GAR GN a-hi nam-ka-ri sa musebiri §a iD GN u nD Nam-gar sarri ina
x land (in) GN's irrigation district, bordering me ID siqtisu nuiurrala Sakani (see musebiru
the irrigation canal Waterman Bus. Doc. 3:2, mng. 2) MDP 2 pl. 22 iii 3; a field GV iD GN
cf. a-ah nam-ka-ru-um CT 47 7:6, GUFnam- Sa ultu libbi ID Nam-gar sarri ileqqd on the
ka-ri YOS 13 489:2; i-ta na-am-ka-ar SANGA bank of the Kibati River, which takes (its
DN JCS 11 22 No. 9:4, i-ta nam-ka-ri-im water?) from the Royal irrigation canal
CT 45 50:2, cf. A.sl KI.KAL i- <ta> na-am-ka- ibid. pl. 21 i 52, but [Go] Na-ga-ar sarri
rum CT 6 33a:4, ita nam-kar URT.KI CT 47 ibid. p. 112:5; ina muhhi iD nam-ga-ri Ba DN
62:4, and passim in descriptions of fields. BE 17 59:9, cf. RA 66 170f.:12f., 16, 54; PAP 76
me fD Nam-gar-GN total: 76 (quantities of)
b) in MB: nam-ga-raitu IdiglatanalibbiSa water(?) from the irrigation canal of Kar-
luhrdmma I will dig an irrigation canal from Ninlil PBS 13 78:12.
the Tigris into it (the canal) JCS 19 99:41;
[]4i nam-gar-raiskir ... bdll mikra u erea la c) in NB, LB: (a date palm grove situated
ihati nam-gar-du mudMur u ct ana pan nam- in) A.GAR nam-ga-ri KA ID Barsip plhat
ga-ri a belija alib mil ina nam-ga-ri-Su Bdbili Nbn. 203:2; (a plot of land) sa ina
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namkattu namkilru
nam-ga-ri sa PN Nbn. 578:1; nam-gar GN tables(?) of the palace which were stored in
BBSt. No. 22 i 11; in a geogr. name: Nam- GN ARM 10 160:18; na-am-ka-ta-ju-nu ihliq
gar-BAD-dEN.LiL BE 10 40:6, also 39:18, wr. their (the amdnu's) n. has disappeared
with det. ID ibid. 57:6, wr. ID Nam-ga-ri- ibid. 28.
BAD-dEN.LIL BE 9 52:8, TuM 2-3 181:3, ID Romer Frauenbriefe 76 n. 6.
Nam-gar-BAD-dEN.LIL BE 9 34:11, ID Nam-
<gar>-BAD-dEN.LIL TuM 2-3 190:3, and passim namkiur ini s.; mirror; syn. list.*
in LB Nippur. nam-kur i-ni, si-mat pa-ni = na-ma-rum An VII
97f.
d) in OB math.: iD nam-karum (in which
the water backed up) TMB 44 No. 89:1, see namkurru see namkiiru.
MCT 88f. and Goetze, JCS 2 35f.; [na-a]m- namkiru (namkurru) s.; possession(s);
ka-ru-um CT 9 14 vi 13. OB, MB, MA, SB, NA; wr. syll. and NIG.GA;
e) in SB: ina marrija [...] i-pe-ti nam- cf. makdru B.
ka-ru-ma isatti eqlu (the farmer) opens the sag.nig.ga = re-es nam-ku-ri Sag Bil. B 65.
irrigation canal with a spade made of me nam-kur-ra = ma-na-ha-a-ti LTBA 2 2:209,
(the tamarisk) so that the field can drink dupls. 1 v 3, RA 18 4 No. 6 r. 8.
Lambert BWL 158:14 (fable), see also ibid. nam.kuku 4 = na-am-ku-rum 2R 47 r. ii 49
(astrol.? comm.).
245 iv 52, in lex. section; Summa ndru
gapsatma mesa ana nam-ga-ra-a-ti la irubu a) rig
namkuri available assets, stock (OB,
if a river is swollen but its water does not MB): ina [s]AG NIG.GA sa mugepisisunu
enter the irrigation canals (there will be a usuhsuniti remove them (the workmen)
flood which cannot be dammed) CT 39 19:125 from the contingent available to the foremen
(Alu); alu itti ali bitu itti biti ahu itti ahisu over them LIH 77:11, see Kraus, AbB 5 136;
nam-g[a]-ru itti nari ... inakkiru one town AB.GUD.HI.A SAG NIG.GA cattle forming the
will become estranged from the other, one stock JCS 2 80 No. 9:5 (heading of a list of
house from the other, brother from his cattle), cf. Riftin 90 i-ii 11, also SAG NiG.GA
brother, irrigation canal from the river wulludum stock (and increase through) birth
ACh Adad 17:35, cf. [nam-g]a-ru itti ndri YOS 5 150:25; se'um tsire-es na-am-ku-ri isi
atappi itti nam-ga-ri-s[4] K[R].M[ES] ACh VAS 7 202: 25, cf. Se'um ~i SAG NIG.GA lirsima
Supp. Adad 60:3, [... itt]i nam-ga(text -TA)- temam sudti supram ibid. 31f.; x damassam:
ru-sd palgu itti atappisa ibid. 59:14, of. ibid. mu SAG NIG.GA A.BI.TA Riftin 139:2, also PBS
13; fD.MES TUR.MES apu qgZu iku palgu quppu 13 61 ii 11, YOS 12 152:12; re-es nam-ku-ri
kappu nam-ka(var. -ga)-ru ... lipsuru may sursiama ana naspakim supkama YOS 13
the small canals, reed thicket, forest, dike, 449:16 (let.); for other refs. see makkuru usage
canal, source, bank, irrigation canal absolve c; (x barley) ezub sa bit DN sa ana re-es
JNES 15 134:64 (lipgur-lit.). SAG NIG.GA sabtuma except for (the barley) of
Nam.ga.ru.um (ki.rib.ba dingir.re. the temple of DN which was taken to serve
e.n e. ka) YOS 9 26:20 (Lipit-Istar of Isin) is as stores BIN 2 68:25, cf. (barley) SAG NIG.
a geogr. name, see Sollberger and Kupper In- GA ,a A. A TCL 1168:15; emmer wheat
scriptions Royales p. 177. nam.sag.nig.ga ba.ab.dah.e to add to
the stock Grant Bus. Doc. 30:2; note also
Biggs, JCS 19 102.
barley SAG NiG.GA.RA a ippaSru ina libbim
ana karm ublunikkum the stock which was
namkattu s.; (mng. unkn.); Mari*.
made ready(?), from it they brought you
They brought the women taken from him (some) for the storage pile TCL 17 2:15, cf.
as distress saying na-am-ka-at-ti a-ma-an- SAG N G.GA.RA PSBA 34 pl. 10 No. 8:2, re-eS
ni.I.A Sa ekallim sa ina GN Jaknu PN ilqe NIG.GA BE 14 31:2, 7, 146:1, BE 15 131:2, PBS
PN has taken the n. of the amdnu vege- 2/2 19: 3, etc., and passim in MB lists, see Torczyner
231
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namkuiru namkiru
Tempelrechnungen p. 129; total: x gold dan II); NfG.GA.MES-U-nuU alp&eunu sene'
SAG NiG.GA Sumer 9 34ff. No. 2:8, 13:4, 15:1, Junu ana alija ASSur ubla KAH 2 83:15, r. 4;
16:12 (MB). NIG.GA ekalliu lu amhurSu I received the
possessions of his palace from him KAH 2
b) in MB Alalakh, Bogh., RS: alldtesunu 84:104 (both Adn. II), and passim in this text;
alulma nam-ku-ri-9u-[nu] bu-se-gu-nu ba-Si- mdreAu maratisu assatisu NIG.GA ekallisu
tu- <su>-nuelteqe I took booty from them and sissu a[ssuha(?)] I deported his sons, his
took away their possessions and all they had daughters, his wives, the possessions of his
Smith Idrimi 73, also ibid. 79; GN qadu alpi palace, his horses Scheil Tn. II 3, also 7 and 10,
immeri ssed u nam-ku-ri-4u ... ana mat see Schramm, BiOr 27 148; kasap u hurdssu
Hatti ulteribsuniti I brought (the people of) NIG.GA-gu buddau ... aslula I took his silver,
GN with their cattle, sheep, horses, and pos- his gold, his possessions (etc.) as booty
sessions into the land of Hatti KBo 1 1:28, also
AKA 283 i 83 (Asn.); gukuttu hurdsi NIG.GA
na-ak-ku-ri-su ibid. 2:9, wr. na-
ibid. 37, wr.
HI.A.MES kisitti qdtija aqissunuti I presented
an-ku-ri-su ibid. 2:19, 3:3, 11 (treaties); note
to them (the gods) gold jewelry, (and) many
the atypical spellings in RS: miau-ur-[]usa
valuables which I had captured Iraq 14 34:67;
ina libbi elippisu saknu (he must make
sallat ERIN.ME§ bel hiti adi NiG.GA.MEiS-s-nu
restitution for) his (the king of Ugarit's)
ildni adi NIG.GA.MES-sd-nu (I took as booty)
goods which were in the ship MRS 9 119 RS
the rebels together with their possessions,
17.133:19; NIG.GUD.MEA-su-nu untesunu gab:
the gods together with their possessions
ba ... uSallamuni they will replace their
AKA 283 i 85; ING.GA-c4 NiG.SU-4 . .. a.. d
possessions and all their tools ibid. 155 RS
I carried away all his possessions AKA 317
17.146:9, also 15, 17, 31, 41.
ii 64, also 231 r. 16, 318 ii 66, 332 ii 99, NIG.GA
c) in royal inscrs. (up to Sar.) - 1' wr. ekallisu narkabdtisu aSgd I carried off the
syll.: nam-kur dalni tunu . ..alqdmma ana valuables from his palace and his chariots
alija Asur ubla I took these cities' posses- AKA 316 ii 62, also 352 iii 21, 360 iii 47 (all Asn.);
sions and brought them to my city Assur sittat NIG.GA.MES-u istu qereb sade userida
AfO 5 90:34, also 51 (Adn. I); Sallassunubugd-, the remainder of his possessions I brought
Aunu nam-kur-Si-nu uAesd I took from them down from the mountains WO 1 15 i 8,458:37;
prisoners of war, booty, (and) all their NG.GA-u ummdndtiiu iligu ana GN ubla
possessions AKA 38 i 93; dumuq nam-kur-ri- I brought his possessions, his troops, his gods
sB-nu aSd§ I took the best of their possessions to Assyria WO 2 152:94; NIG.GA.MES-?,i
ibid. 41 ii 32 (Tigl. I), and passim in this text; buszlu ana la man uzesia I removed his
fallassunu budhunu nam-kur-gu-nu <a lula> countless possessions and property WO 1
MAOG 6/1 12:34 (Asn.). 460:72, also 472:19; NIG.GA-s sallassu busdau
ma'du idtu qereb dadi uterra I brought back
2' wr. NiG.GA: mimma ifG.GA bit ASAur from the mountains his possessions, his spoils,
belija ina i.ati lu iqmi (the fire) burned all his abundant property 3R 8 ii 51, cf. ibid. 81,
the possessions of the temple of my lord AiSur gallassunu busaSunu NIG.GA ma'du alqg
AOB 1 122:6 (Shalm. I); NiG.GA---nu aslul ibid. 47, gallassunu buSdSunu NiG.GA-si-nu
I plundered their possessions ibid. 114 i 39, ibid. 43; NIG.GA ekallidina ma'du ibid. 74, and
of. ibid. 120 iii 26; gallassunu NiG.GA-9d-nu passim in this text, also WO 1 472 iv 2, cf. NIG.GA
alla ana alija GN ubla Weidner Tn. 3 No. 1 iii ekallidu vD.9.KAM amtadi' for nine days
29, iv 4; NIG.GASagaraktiduria Weidner Tn. I pillaged the valuables in his palace STT 43
38 No. 29:8, 12 (copy of a seal inscr.); ildniunu r. 50 (all Shalm. III); allassunu NiG.GA-c4-nu
madiite u NfG.GA.ME§-Ju-nu lu a~d I carried bud-unum iliZunu mdrisunu m-rtiunu (he
away their many gods and their possessions took away) their booty, their possessions and
AfO 18 351:43 (Tigl. I); dallassunu buMSiunu their property, their gods, their sons and
fiG.G[A-§u-nu] ... uSed&AfO 3 158:11 (Asiur- daughters 1R 30 ii 27, ,allassunu NfG.GA-
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namlaktu namma if
s-nu bugdsunu illgunu ... senunu ablula nammait§ s.; 1. herds of (wild) animals,
ibid. 34 iv 21, and passim in this text (9amli- 2. settlement, people; OB, SB; cf. namadu.
Adad V); note in a personal name: Usur-
gi-li-li p -= nam-ma-4iu-u, ge-e P - MN
=t
NiG.GA-MAN bel pdhete Sa Kdr-Tukulti-Ninurta (preceded by nammatu) Ea I 201f.; nig.zi.g~l
Weidner Tn. 39 No. 35:3,AfO 13 114:13, U-sur- - nam-ma-§d-u, a-iu-u Hh. XIV 397f.; nig.dr.
nam-kur-LUGAL TR 2031:18, etc., see Sa- limmi.ba = nam-ma-u-u(vars. - , -- k-u), nig.
poretti Onomastica 1 511f. s.v., for later refs. ir.limmi.edin.na = MIN e-e-ri, MN dSakkan
ibid. 394ff.; a.dam = na-ma-tum OBGT XI v 20';
see makkiiru. mul.nu.mul.da = nam-ma-§u- i Hh. XXII Sec-
tion 11:4'; [mul].nu.mu.da - na-mal-*u-u -
d) in lit.: issabat GN idtalal NIG.GA-,a dIMHg. B VI 48, in MSL 11 41.
(Nebuchadnezzar) conquered Elam and plun- mai.ange nig.ki.a nig.ur.lim.ma : bil
dered its possessions BBSt. No. 6 i 43 (Nbk. I); nam-mal-4u(var. -94i)-u 4a erba Sepda, the herds
ana dandni belutija nam-ku-ru ekalligu alula and the wild animals with four legs Schollmeyer
in order to (show the) strength of my rule, No. 1 i 15f., see Borger, JCS 21 3:8; dohf lugal
m ag.ange.kex(KID) : dMIN be-el nam-mal-$e-e
I took the possessions of his palace as booty BM 54918+ : 8 (unpub., courtesy I.L. Finkel);
LKA 64:11 (hymn of Asn.), of. nam-ku-ru uzd uru nu.dim a.dam nu.mu.un.gar : alu ul
uqgn i[tta]tahhar ibid. 15; [...] pagqat ina epuS nam-ma-u-u ul akin no city was yet built,
dut[tija ana?] nam-ku-re-e ra-bi-[...] Atiqot no settlement was yet established CT 13 35:5.
ap-pu-u, tu-ga-gu, tir-k-uul-lu - nam-maJ-nu-
2 123:13 (Gilg.).
Malku V 18ff., in MSL 8/2 73; [n]a-mu-u, [n]a-
e) other occs.: NIG.GA bit DN sa GN ma-u-.u = se-e-ru LTBA 2 2: 8f.; na-mu-u, nam-
mas-u-u = a-lum Malku I 199f.; na-ma-u-'i,
property of the temple of IStar in Nineveh a-du-ur-tum = URU.DIDLI CT 18 10 iii 52f.
CT 36 14a:4 (Asn.), cf. NIG.GA bit DN KAV A.DAM = na-mai-ku-u bu-lum CT 41 29 r. 5
146:1. (Alu Comm.).
Only syll. refs. and those wr. NIG.GA which
occur in the OB compound SAG NIG.GA (see 1. herds of (wild) animals: itti nam-mas-
Kraus Viehhaltung 10 f.)
si-e me itib libbaSu alongside the animals he
or in royal inscrs.
before Sargon are cited here. For other refs. (Enkidu) enjoys the water Gilg. I ii 41, also
wr. NIG.GA see makkuru. iv 1, 5; ammeni itti nam-mas-Se-e tarappud
sera why do you run through the open
namlaktu s.; realm, controlled territory; country with the animals? Gilg. I iv 35;
Mari; pl. namlakdtu; cf. maldku B. bd'iru nina isuiira nam-maS-u-u [dGin la
ibdr ... ] (var. na-maS-ta-am la ibdr) mala
kima dlisu GN u kima dalne aa nam-la-ka-
nam-maS-se-e la ibarru bissu na[m-ma--u-u
ti-su like his town GN and like the towns of
IA.A] (see ba'dru usage c) ZA 19 378 Sm.
his realm Sem. 1 18:12 (= RA 60 19); aSum
948:4f. (hemer.), var. from KAR 178 ii 42f. and
awat GN awat GN2 u nam-la-ka-at belija
176 iii 1, see nammatu usage a; nam-maS-e-e
about the matter of AlakkA, the matter of
seriSu ina AhuaBhhi zatamqatma (Adad) will
Qarhadum and (the matter of) the realm of
fell his pasturing animals through hunger
my lord ARMT 13 143:13; di-ru-tum na-a[m-
Lambert BWL 114:43, cf. [nam]-ma-e-e sa
l]a-a[k-t]a-[[u] u paMlm dirdu .... is his
seri dkilu sammi Kocher BAM 337:8 (inc.);
realm and the dynasty his permanence
ana pan nam(var. na)-maS-se-e 3a .eripaniki
ARM 10 51:12, see Moran, Biblica 50 41.
ukni go off to the animals in the open
namlu see namalu. country (addressing Lamatu) ZA 16 162:31,
dupls. KAR 239 ii 23 and Thompson Gilg. pl. 28
nammar see nimru A. K.10536:1; libkika ... bulu nam-ma-Ju-4
(var. nam-mad-e) Sa s.ri let the beasts and
nammatiatu see namadiatu. wild animals of the open country wail over
you (Enkidu) Gilg. VIII i 17; uSteli ina
namma§§iatu see namaAiatu. qdtja bili nam-maS-Ad-a Sa s.ri Gilg. I iii 38,
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namma §fd nammatu

also 11, cf. Gilg. X v 31; bil Seri nam-maS-se-e ... KI.MIN na-nmags-e-e mat nakri [GAR]-an
suppd narb[dea] herds of the plains, wild ACh Sama 13:20.
animals, extol her (Nisaba's) greatness!
2. settlement, people: see, with Sum.
Lambert BWL 172 iv 16; idirti ... limhuranni
nam-mas-su-u sa seri let the animals of the correspondence a. dam, OBGT XI, CT 13,
also (with explanation dlu) Malku I, CT 18,
open country take on my distress 4R 59
in lex. section; naphar salmdt qaqqadi nam-
No. 2 r. 16, of. nam-mas-su- seri muttallilcu
mas-su- teneseti idallalu qurdiki all men,
idirtu litbal KAR 165:18, cf. also limhurka
the settlements, mankind, praise your (Ihtar's)
nam-mas-su-4 sa s[eri] Craig ABRT 2 8 i 10;
heroic deeds STC 2 pl. 76:24, cf. astapiri LU-
[...] x qaqqari nam-mad-se-e seri K.9530:10'
ti nam-mad-d-a bi!sa makkura CT 46 45 ii 12
(inc.); sahruki na-mas-su- s[a sri] the
(NB lit.), see Iraq 27 5; nam-mas-S[e-e] Bdbili
animals of the open country gather around
usalp[it] (Naram-Sin) destroyed the settle-
you BMS 32:13, also KAR 165:6, blu na-
ments of Babylon Grayson Chronicles 19:53,
maS-su-u a seri kalis pahranik[ka] (see
also 32 (nar-text).
seru A mng. 3e-3') RA 12 190:6, cf. [.. .]-ka
nam-mas-se-e ED[IN] K.9242:12; bil akkan For the log. A.ZA.LU.LU see nammastu, for
nam-mas-se-e qdtukka ipqid he (Enlil) has A.DAM see nam4 s.
entrusted the beasts and wild animals to you
(Nergal) PBS 1/2 119:11 and dupls., see Ebe- nammastu s.; herds of (wild) animals; OB,
ling Handerhebung 113; bil lakkan nam-maS- SB; wr. syll. and A.ZA.LU.LU; cf. namdsu.
sa-a ul umasara a[na ... ] they do not let ki-lim pr~ = nam-maS-tu,' gi-li-im P = MIN
the beasts and wild animals [...] Cagni Ea I 199f.; a.za.lu.lu= nam-mas-ti (vars. [nam]-
Erra IIc 31; bill akkan u [na]m-mas-se-e leqi mal-td, na-ma-tu), zer-man-du, ni-du lib-bi Hh.
XIV 382ff.; a.za.lu.lu = a-me-lu-tum EME.SI.SA,
etitni the beasts and wild animals despise
nam-mad-tum, zer-ma-an-dum, te-ni-Se-e-tum (etc.)
us Cagni Erra I 77; buluSakkan u nam-mas- ZA 9 162 iii 23ff. (group voc.); a.za.lu.lu = nam-
su-d usarsi re['d] he provides a shepherd for ma-tum (catch line) ibid. 164 iv 24; nig.zi.gal,
the beasts and wild animals PSBA 20 156 r. 5; nig.9u.iir (var. nig.ur), nig.ki = nam-mas-
[bil] akkan u nam-mais-e-e ali d-za-'-[...] ti(var. -ti) Hh. XIV 400ff.; nig.ki = nam-ma-tu
Practical Vocabulary Assur 433; nig.ki = nam-
CT 13 34 D.T. 41:6, of. 4; nam-mas-se-e acak maS-ti Uruanna III 258, in MSL 8/2 64; nig.gir.
kan liktamme[ra ... ] ina qerbete let the tz, ange.tz, mir.tz = nam-maS-tu Hh. XIV 404ff.
creatures of Sakkan be multiplied [.. .] in the [dNin.ki]lim en a.za.lu.lu tu.ra kala.
meadow Lambert BWL 170 i 19; bila nam- ga.bi nig.ki ki.a su u.me.ni.te.ga : dMIN
maS-sd-a tubt[esSir] you direct the beasts bel nam-maJ-ti murussu danna zermandi qaqqari
litamhirdu (see zermandu) Surpu VII 69f.
and wild animals Or. NS 34 117:17 (nam-
burbi), dupl. STT 63:26; ina iHUL nam-mas-se-e a) wr. syll.: Sizba sa na-ma-as-te-e itenniq
seri ma[la bas] (subsuming lion, panther, he used to suck milk from the wild animals
gazelle) Or. NS 36 19 r. 1 (namburbi), cf. ina Gilg. P. iii 1, v 20; amminim itti na-ma-as-te-e
miL nam-mas-se-e d zv-[u NU zU-u] Or. NS tattanallaksdram why do you roam the open
40 159 ii 3; anahalad bulli u nam-mas-se-e [... ] country with the wild animals? Gilg. P. ii 12;
(signs indicating?) perishing of beasts and ina [bal]u amas u Sakkan na-mas-te-e ,a
wild animals TCL 6 10:17 (SB Alu), of. haldq se[ri] ana uttati ul imaqqut against (the will
MA§.AN§E NiG.ZI.GAL.EDIN.NA Thompson Rep. of) Sama§ and Sakkan no wild animal falls
88 r. 4; miqitti bili II na-mas-se-e sa seri epi- into a pitfall KAR 19 r. 15, restored from par-
demic among cattle, variant: animals, of the allel KBo 1 12 r. 6, see Ebeling, Or. NS 23 211ff.;
open country LBAT 1532:8, also UET 6 413:10, [siknat na]piSti na-maS-ti qaqqari tabarri
LKU 115:26, Thompson Rep. 94:6, 101A:3; na- k[ajdn(?)] constantly(?) you (Itar) watch
ma-Se-e bit ameli idir the animals in the over living beings, over the animals of the
man's house will prosper Kocher BAM 315 earth BMS 32:10, see Ebeling Handerhebung
ii 28; obscure: na-mad-4e-e mat nakri OAR 122; [bill] seri na-maA-ti qaqqari KI.MIN (=
234
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nammigiriitu nammui1u
seru ibarramma) the serpent hunts the nammi s.; (a headdress); syn. list.*
beasts of the steppe, the animals of the earth nam-mu- (var. broken) - MIN (= su-ba-tu)
AfO 14 pl. 9 i 22 (Etana); na-mas-ta-m la ibdr= ku-lu-li Malku VI 48, var. from An VII 144.
ma ikkib gakkan (on the 18th of Nisannu) he
must not hunt animals, it is a sin against nammubitu (namuSSisu, namudSuSu) adj.;
Sakkan KAR 178 ii 42, dupl. KAR 176 iii 1 dead (euphemistic expression); SB; cf.
+ VAT 10653 r. 4, see Labat, MIO 5 301; [pu]hri namdau.
nam-mas-ti gimir nabniti all animals, the
[us] [BE] - [n]a-mu-i-4A 11/3 Part 2 i 3;
whole creation (in broken context) CT 13 nam-mu-i-Su (in
BADU .X. [X.X] (var. BADU . [X]) =
34:7, also ibid. 10 (Creation Story); Summa nam- group with mitu, diku) Erimhui VI 240.
mas-tum ina bit ameli [...] if an animal [lu].duo.duio.ur(text .AL).hi = na-mu-4u-
Sum, [d.t]u.ra = ma-ar-sum OB Lu A 125f.;
[appears?] in a man's house CT 38 44 Sm. 472
lu.sa.duo.dulo.ur.[hi] = na-mu-Ai-4u, 16.tu.ra
+ r. 2ff., cf. nam-mas-tum kidi an animal = (blank) OB Lu D 76f.; [gir.du.du.ur].hi =
from outside ibid. r. 9, nam-mas-tum sadi na-mu-i-Sa-tu, [du.du.u]r.hi, [x].DUN, [(x)].BAD
an animal from the mountains ibid. r. 10, = na-mu-.i-u MSL 9 95:148ff. (list of diseases).
nam-mas-tum me an aquatic animal ibid. ur.re ur.ra.ta [...] : (kalbu) ana na-mu-
4i-[Su ... ] PBS 1/2 135:5f.
r. 11 (SB Alu); Summa seru [u(?)] nam-mas-ti
bit ameli [x]-da-na-ag-fra(?)-ru(?)1 KAR 389 (p. a) in gen.: see lex. section; obscure: esu
353) r. i 9 (SB Alu); nam-mas-ti ina bit ameli Tidmatma na-mus--u-su(text -nu) istapp
NU.TUK-U.ME§ (sasuntu is an herb for) En. el. I 22.
preventing animals (from infesting) a man's
house Kocher BAM 379 iv 20; imahharka bil b) in nammusisu aldku to die (as euphe-
seri nam-mas-ti qaqqari sit na[pisti Saknc] mism): ultu abu bdnia illiku nam-mu-Si-su
the domestic animals, the wild beasts, all after my father had departed this life
that have life, approach you (8amag) Lambert ADD 650:4, 807:4, see Postgate Royal Grants
BWL 322 K.8051:6, cf. (in broken context) Nos. 13 and 14; ina §attisu napistasu iqti illik
sit na-ma-a[§-te(?)] ibid. 204 K.8570:10, cf. nam-mu-di-su in the same year he ceased
also na-ma-as-ti qaqqari ka-li-sa all the living and passed away Piepkorn Asb. 60 iv 58;
animals of the earth KUB 37 85:6 (inc.); puluhti belctija ishupsuma illik nam-mu-si-Mv
[na]-ma-as-ta eqli (in broken context) HS fear of my rule overwhelmed him and he died
1888 ii 21 (OB, courtesy W. von Soden); note Streck Asb. 164:66, also Piepkorn Asb. 36 ii 9;
designating a single animal: summa kakkabu RN asar innabtu rasubbat kakki DN belija
... ina sardrisu kima nam-mas-ti zuqaqipi ishupsuma illik nam-mu-.i-M the fiery
zibbata,akin (see sardru B mng. 1) Thompson splendor of the weapon of Afsur, my lord,
Rep. 200:2, also 11. overcame Tirhaka in the place to which he
had fled, and he departed this life Streck Asb.
b) wr. A.ZA.LU.LU: i.MEA A.ZA.LU.LU 14 ii 21; illik nam-mu-Si-M (in broken
tapasSassuma iballut you anoint him with context) Borger Esarh. 113 § 79 r. 5; uncert.:
fat from wild animals(?) and he will get well [... ] i ni ip ti na-mu-Si-, [... ] AfO 19 66:16.
Kocher BAM 202:6; summa aqqul A.ZA.LU.LU
mata ishup if an aqqullu (caused by?) wild The lexical texts show that nam(m)usisu
animals sweeps the country ACh Rama, 14:2; is a euphemism for "dead"; it is used
esemti A.ZA.LU.LU animal bone (used in
only in the idiom nam(m)ui$u aldku, possibly
magic) Labat TDP 192:41. through an interpretation of the ending as an
adverbial -is instead of part of the root, in
Ad usage b: It is uncert. whether A.ZA.LU. NA royal inscriptions and possibly in the
LU stands for nammatu or for another equiv- three literary texts cited. For the infinitive
alent of this logogram. nam(m)udidu and derived forms in lex., see
namdSu v.; for ZA 16 180:36 (=- 4R 58 iii) and
nammigiriitu see ndgiritu. dupl. PBS 1/2 113 iii 21, see namsasu.
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nampatu namrafi'
nampabu see nappau. KaSijaru, a difficult terrain AKA 36 i 73 (Tigl.
I), also ibid. 45 ii 70, and passim in this text, cf.
namrasit adv.; with difficulty; SB; cf. ina libbi KUR KadijariBade danni eqel nam-
mardsu. ra-si sa ana meteq narkabdti ummanija la
jade sibittisununam-ra-si-isattabalkat with Saknu in GN, a high mountain, a difficult
difficulty I crossed all seven mountains terrain, which was not suitable for my troops'
TCL 3 29; kullat nice matisu upahhirma ana chariots to pass AKA 230 r. 12, also ibid.
sade rigte nam-ra-si-is uselima he gathered 316 ii 63, 330 ii 95 (Asn.); adi gadt
eqel nam-ra-si
all the people of his land and made them idikusu they carried his defeat as far as the
climb up with difficulty onto distant moun- mountain region, a difficult terrain Scheil Tn.
tains ibid. 83 (Sar.); guSiire .. a ultu hursdni II 10, ina qaqqari egel nam-ra-si attallakma
ruquti nam-ra-si-is ip-AL-lu-ni (for 4-sal-di- ibid. 33, r. 39, of. also ibid. obv. 47; [eqlu t]dbu
du-ni?) beams which they dragged(?) with ina libbi narkabti eqel nam-ra-si ina epesu
difficulty from distant mountains OIP 2 96:80 easy terrain in the chariot, difficult terrain
(Senn.). on foot Lie Sar. 447; eqel nam-ra-si ina sisi
arkabma over difficult terrain I rode on
namrasu s.; difficulty, hardship, trouble; horseback OIP 2 26 i 69, also ibid. 58:21, 67:10
OB, MB, SB; cf. marasu. (Senn.), cf. A.SA.MES nam-ra-si [...] AfO 20
pl. 5 ii 7 (MB lit.), see Weidner, ibid. p. 114; asbat
a) in gen.: sinnistu si nam-ra-sa immar
arkisunu <ana> sadd nam-ra-si atrussunu
that woman will experience hardship Leichty
I pursued them and drove them into difficult
Izbu III 69, cf. bel biti ... nam-ra-su immar
mountain terrain STT 43 r. 46 (Shalm. III), see
Labat Calendrier § 65:9, also ibid. p. 228:20,
AnSt 11 152; ina asri nam-ra-si hurdni
224:42; nam-ra-sa[... ] CT 38 37:24 (SB Alu),
danniti ... ana qabli u tdhazi dapnid izzizuni
nam-ra-sa i-pa-[x-x] Dream-book 336 Fragm.
in a difficult place, in high mountains they
V 4; resamma nam-ra-su amur come to my
offered battle aggressively Weidner Tn. 2
help, look on (my) distress Lambert BWL
No. 1 ii 22; sa ina asri nam-ra-si uparriru
88:288 (Theodicy); [a] ... nam-ra-su(var. -sa)
kisir multarhi who on difficult terrain broke
kullumuinni (the enemies) who have made
up the army of the boastful AKA 267 i 40
me experience hardship Maqlu II 51, cf. nam-
(Asn.); ereni ... surmeni ... sa ... istu
ra-sa kul-lu-u-ni (the demons) hold trouble
laddiunu acar nam-ra-si pasqiS usaldiduni
in store for me LKA 84:16 (SB inc.), cf. also
cedars and cypresses which they had dragged
Itar ... nam-ra-ga likallimSuma aj usi ina
from their mountains of origin, a difficult
JapJaqi Hinke Kudurru iv 23 (Nbk. I); ipattar
terrain, with much labor Streck Asb. 170:48,
rikis nam-ra-si murus tazbilti she can loosen
cf. Borger Esarh. 111 § 75 r. 6; qaqqar nam-ra-si
the bond of trouble, the lingering sickness
uparrir useribsu qereb GI.KIL.ME§ he broke
Craig ABRT 2 18 r. 26, see JRAS 1929 15 r. 28;
through the difficult region and brought him
final se-er(?)-ti u nam-ra-si [...]-nu Samna
(Tammaritu) into the reed thickets AfO 8
STT 123:10 (prayer to Bau); inanna ina nam-
198:36 (Asb.); harrdnim na-am-ra-si uruh
ra-si astanapparakku now I am writing you
sumdmi erteddema (see sumamu) VAB 4
in great distress YOS 13 109:8, cf. a innepsu
112 i 24, also ibid. 150 iii 13, 124 ii 21 (all Nbk.),
i-na na-am-ra-si-im magal Saknat what has
cf. taltakkan karaska ina harran nam-ra-si
been done is in great difficulty VAS 16 159:12
Tn.-Epic "iii" 22.
(both OB letters); ana aji tattakkal nam-ra-
gi-ma nieka tettir in what hardship do you namrAtu see namriatu.
put your trust to save your people? Tn.-Epic namri'fi s. pi.; fattening; OB, SB; cf.
"iii" 24. mard A v.
b) describing terrain: KUR Kaijaraeqel RN ellam niqi qdtiZ u mahribun uebbi ii s
nam-ra-i lu abbalkit I traversed Mount ashl na-am-ra-i-i (see aslu A usage b) RA 2'
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namriatu namrirru
173:44 (OB lit.); upalliq Ie <na>-am-re-e (var. ne.qa.al mi.li.im.ma dInnin za.kam :
ma-re-e) I slaughtered fattened bulls Lambert nam-ri-ru u melemmu k4mma Idtar awe-inspiring
light and splendor is yours, Itar Sumer 13 73:12
BWL 60:94 (Ludlul IV).
(OB), see Sjoberg, ZA 65 194:161, cf. itu nf.gal
The two refs. have been separated, as IV dInnin.kex(KID) : arah nam-ri(var. adds -ir)-ri Ja
I tar (Tebetuis)the month of the splendor of Itar
infinitives of mard A, from the occs. namriatu
KAV 218 A iii 12 and 18 (Astrolabe B), restored
(pl. only), q.v. from BA 5No. 58r. 9f.; 6ni.gal.bi an.ki.Su.a :
bitum na-am-ri-ru-ku(text -ka) Samg ersetam sahpu
namriatu (nawridtu, namratu) s. pl.; temple whose luminosity covers heaven and earth
1. fattening, 2. fattened animals; OB; cf. UET 6 117:4f. (OB); A.kal.dingir.re.e.ne.me.
mar A v. en ni.gal hu.mu.un.da.ri : le'i il anaku nam-ri-
ir-ri (var. nam-ri-ri) lu ramdku I am the strongest
e.gud = nam-ri-a-tum Silbenvokabular A 77; among the gods, I am clad in luminosity Angim
6.gud = bi-it na-aw-ri-a-tim = pa-gu-u[m] Studies IV 17; gil.gu.za bara.mab tuL.a.na ni.gal
Landsberger 23:77 (Silbenvokabular A), cf. (?). gulr.ru.na : ina kussi paramahiina adabidu nam-
g[i]d(?).da = n[a]m-ri-ia-tum = L1 mu-[du]-u ri-ir-ri ina na4& u when he (Ninurta) sits on the
ibid. 39:4 (from RS). throne in the sanctuary, when he wears awesome
1. fattening: GUD.HI.A a ana na[m]-ri-a- luminosity Lugale I 7; ni.gal mu 4 .mu 4 kur.
dag al.la.a [SI.A] : nam-ri-ir-rilabi4 erseti rapaAti
tim usdriam ammini ana GN irdl why did
mala he (the demon) is clad in luminosity, he fills
they lead the oxen to GN which I had sent the vast earth CT 17 3:22; trg sa5 tug.ni.gal.
for fattening? OECT 3 78 r. 4; 1 GUD ana la.kex bar.ku.ga bi.in.mu4 : subata sama
nam-ra-tim ana PN Iraq 7 56 A. 983:1 (Chagar subat nam-ri-ir-ri zumur ella ulabbi4ka I have
Bazar); 14 GUD.HI.A a nam-ra-tim ... 26 clothed your clean body in a red garment, a garment
of awesome luminosity CT 16 28:70f.; [n]i.gal
UDU.NITA.HI.A sa nam-ra-tim 2 SAL.AS.GAR. hb.en.mu 4 .mu 4 : nam-ri-rilitbus Iraq 38 90 r. 5
HI.A sa nam-ra-tim a ina GN uadkili 14 oxen (SB lit.); gis.tukul ni.gal.a.ri.a nam.lugal.
for fattening, 26 sheep for fattening, two du .a.bi : kakku a nam-ri-ir-ri ramt ana .arrfti
she-goats for fattening, which they fed in GN iitsumu weapon which is laden with awesome
luminosity, and is fit for use by the king 4R 18 No. 3
ARM 1 34:4, 6f., also Laessee Shemshara Tablets
i 29f.; ni.gal.zu bh.en.x.u.tum : nam-[r]i-ir-
p. 69 SH 867:12. ru-ka li-u-l[u] (parallel: birbirruikalilq) STT 187
r. i 6f., cf. ni.gal.gal.zu [...] : nam-ri-ir-ri-ka
2. fattened animals: ina na-am-ra-at [...] STT 190:7f. (part of the same tablet);
sarrim miqittum ibassi there will be dead ni.gal iur.ra.e : 9a nam-ri-ri ezziiti of awe-
animals among the fattened animals of the inspiring luminosity (in broken context) BA 5 708
king ZA 43 310:19 (OB astrol.); kima abi idl No. 62:2f.
nam-ri-ir-ru (var. nam-ri-ri), bir-bir-ru, me-lam-
epeS nikkas n[a-a]m-ri-a-tim qurrub as my
mu = d-ru-ru An IX 5ff., var. from LTBA 1 iv 33;
father knows, the accounting for the fattened me-lam-me, [nam]-ri-ri = pu-ul-hu LTBA 2 2:58f.
animals is near CT 29 20:10, also, wr. nam-
ri-a-tim CT 33 24:10 (OB letters). a) as attribute of gods and demons -
1' in gen.: a litbusu nam-ri-ri (Nergal) who
For plural forms and discussion see also is clothed in n. BMS 46:15, also (said of Sin)
namritu. Unger Bel-harran-beli-ussur 6; Adad ,a
hitlupu
namriatu in Aa namriati s.; person nam-ri-ri DN who is enveloped in n. Unger
in charge of fattening animals; OB lex.*; Reliefstele 3, cf. (Adad) [...] nam-ri-ri JRAS
cf. marl v. 1892 342:4 (AiSur-bl-kala); aki Assur ziqni
zaqnat nam-ri-rihalpat (Istar) has a beard like
u1.gurusda = a nam-ri-a-tim OB Lu A 424-
A Aur, she is enveloped in n. Craig ABRT 1
namrirrii s. pl.; supernatural, awe-inspiring 7:6; Enlil sa ... nam-ri-ir-riza'nu (see zanu
luminosity; OB, MB, SB; note namrirradu usage a-1'b'-2") Hinke Kudurru i 13, of. (in
ZA 10 295 r.(!) 11 var., cited usage a-i'; cf. broken context, of Aur) AAA 18 95 No. 16:6
namdru v. (Senn.); Sin EN nam-ri-ri KAH 2 84:1 var.
ni.gal = nam-ri-ir-ru[m] CT 19 7 K.8670:6, (Adn. II); a ... nam-ri-ir-riIdniu panu u
also Igituh I 95. alku (Nabi) the splendor of whose body goes
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namrirri namrit
in front of him KAR 104:9 (hymn to Nabii); p[u(?)] (Huwawa's) radiance will disappear,
Sin ar age aq nam-ri-ri Sin, the king with and the n. will become dark Gilg. O. I. 12
the tiara, who is surpassing in splendor WO 1 (OB).
456:4, 2 28:7 (Shalm. III), also AKA 243 i 5 (Asn.);
b) of kings: [namrirri(?)] AAsur ... u
Ninisinna ... [...] same age nam-ri-ri DN
nam-ri-ri belitija Borger Esarh. 110 § 71 r. 4;
who in the sky(?) [wears] a tiara of splendor
belat tasme u magari salummat nam-ri-ri-sd
CT 23 2:17, also Kocher BAM 124 iv 3, dupl.
lihallipka STT 340:22; melammi nam-ri-ir-
127:3; DN nam-ri-ir-ri lamassaka usmalli
r[u ustassi] (see melammu mng. Ic-1')
DN filled your nature with splendor AfO 19
PSBA 20 157 r. 10.
62:41 (prayer to Marduk); este'u nam-ri-ir-ri-ki
limmiru zimuia I have sought your splendor, c) of temples, divine weapons and emblems,
let my face become bright BMS 8:10 and and other numinous objects: see UET 6, 4R 18,
dupl., see Ebeling Handerhebung 62; uranni in lex. section; Absur daib ... ubtu elletu
DINGIR.MES sa nam-ri-ri Sitpuru mal4 pulhti salummata nam-ri-ir-ri sa ana sakkanakkisu
hero among the gods, who is girt in splendor, ... remu irasSi OECT 6 pl. 2 K.8664:14 (prayer
who is full of awesomeness 1R 29 No. 3 i 13 of Asb., coll. from photograph); bab Ezida
(Samsi-Adad V); basi nam-ri-ir-ru-us-sd (var. Esagil usepis nam-ri-ri amsi I had the
nam-ri-ir-ra-u) ina qereb hursdnu her doors of Ezida and Esagila made brilliant
splendor is (spread) over the mountains (like?) the sun VAB 4 124 ii 53 (Nbk.); (lion-
ZA 10 295 r.(!) 11 (= AfK 1 24 iii 12, §arrat- colossi) sa ... mali nam-ri-ir-ri which were
Nippuri-hymn); see also lex. section. full of n. (I set up as bases for the columns)
Lie Sar. 78:2, and passim in Sar., also OIP 2
2' with reference to the illuminating or 97:83 (Senn.); ag suatu ... hitlup nam-ri-ri
overwhelming effect: nam-ri-ri DN u DN 2 this crown, enveloped in n. Borger Esarh. 83
ishupusuma illika mahhitta the splendor of r. 34; niphu nam-ri-ru a dajani rabit amaS
As§ur and lItar overwhelmed him (the the radiant sun disk of the great judge Sama§
enemy king), and he went mad Streck Asb. 8 MDP 2 pl. 17 iv 12 (MB kudurru).
i 84, also ibid. 42 iv 119, 62 vii 75; ana DN ...
d) other occs.: BAD.Ni.GAL.BI.LT.KUR.RA.
belti Sa melammiisu samz katmi nam-ri-ir-ru-
sf.su~ diiru sa nam-ri-ru-su ndkiri sahp (the
su erseti rapastu sahpi to Istar, the Lady
wall named) Wall-Whose-Splendor-Over-
whose radiance covers the sky, whose splendor
whelms-the-Enemies OIP 2 111 vii 66 (Senn.);
overwhelms the vast earth RA 22 58:11, cf.
(the heart) nam-ri-ri mali kima [...] VAS 17
nam-ri(var. adds -ir)-ru-ka imli sihip matti
9:3 (OB inc.); su-bat nam-ri-ir-r[i] Pinches
your splendor fills all the lands Lambert BWL
Texts in Bab. Wedge-writing 16 No. 4:16; see
126:20 (hymn to Samar), cf. Sin mald nam-
also CT 16, in lex. section.
ri-ru-ka erseta rapasta BMS 1:7 and dupl.;
samd u ersetu ... mald nam-ri-r[i] Sweet, Cassin La splendeur divine.
TSTS 1 7 r. 5 (SB inc.); sa nam-ri-ru belitisu
matdti x x (= sahpiu?) (ama§) whose lordly namri§ (nawriS) adv.; radiantly, brilliantly,
splendor overwhelms(?) all the lands Borger brightly; OB, SB; cf. namaru v.
Esarh. 79:6; Anunnaki iMss diparatiina nam- [...] kur.kur.ra zalag.ga.a.ni nu.e : belu
ri-ir-ri-su-nuuhammatu matu the Anunnaku matu SamaJ ana mati nam-ridul ussa Rama, the
lord of the land, does not rise brilliantly for the land
raised the torches, they set the land aglow SBH p. 131 No. I 66, also (said of Sin and Aamas)
with their (the gods') splendor Gilg. XI 104; ibid. r. 2; ma.[da.bi] dEn.ki an.na.ta zalig.
da ana gunbut nam-ri-ri-Ju kabtitu ili diit ga.bi nu.[e] : ana mati idau [E]a ina 4amd nam-
dadme ihuzu puzrdt (see nabdtu mng. 4c) ri-iA ul u.[sa] Ea will not rise brilliantly in the sky
for this land Hunger Uruk 85 r. 9f. (bil. omens);
B6llenriicher Nergal 50:9; nam-ri-ir-ru-su8urs
u 4 .d.us.e zalag.ga.ni igi.zu.se mu.ni.ib.
bI gimir mdtiti Or. NS 36 124:131 (hymn to dib.dib.a : imi4a n[am]-ri-i ina mahriki i[ttanal:
Gula); melemmiz ihalliquma nam-ri-ru i-ru- lak] JCS 26 163:15 (OB); sag.ki nam.ti.la.bi
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namritu namru
zalag.ge.e nam.mu.un.si.in.zi.ge.es : buini The pl. namrdtu has been separated from
gunu 9a balaim na-aw-ri-i i9~4umma they (the
namriatu on the basis of the contexts in
gods) radiantly directed their life-giving counte-
nances (toward Samsuiluna) RA 63 34:67 (Sum.) which it occurs, which seem to exclude a
= YOS 9 35:67 (Akk.). meaning "fattening," and on the basis of
occs. of the verb namdru and the adj. namru
a) said of gods: kima &amas ana mati in contexts referring to festivals. Possibly
nam-ris ittas Borger Esarh. 88 r. 17, cf. nam- namritu is derived from namru and some of
ris ina Su(!)-ta-me-ka (parallel: saqis ina the refs. cited sub namridtu belong here. An
aldkika, Sum. broken) UVB 15 37:17; ina etymological connection with nabrd (used in
qereb Ehursaba ustessir isaddihu nam-ris in the sing. only) may be possible, but is
(the temple) Ehursaba (Nabu) marches in unlikely. The passage ana 5 umi lullikam
procession brightly SBH p. 145 No. VIII ii 18. nam-ra-AB luddin CT 44 52 r. 15, see Kraus
b) said of men: nam-rid etellis ittanallak AbB 1 128 r. 17, is obscure.
he will walk around radiantly like a hero namritu see mumarritu.
Kraus Texte 3b ii 22, also ibid. lie vi 24, 32,
BRM 4 23:9, CT 28 28:4 (all physiogn.), CT 39 namru (nawru, namiru, fem. namirtu,
4:40 (SB Alu), cf. nam-ris etellis ... luba' nawirtu) adj.; 1. bright, shiny, brilliant,
siuqa STC 2 pl. 82:84; ina ulsi risti .. . luminous, radiant, clear, sharp, ritually pure,
imisamma nam-ris luttallak let me live 2. radiant, beaming, shining with good will,
radiantly every day with joy and pleasure good health (said of the face and eyes),
Borger Esarh. 27:33; maharka nam-ris atal 3. in fine shape, healthy (i.e., shining with
luka luSbi let me always have the satisfaction health); from OB on; wr. syll. and ZALAG;
of serving you in a bright mood BMS 9:23 cf. namdru v.
and dupls.; ebbisnam-ris (in broken context) [x-x], [ta-am] UD = ellu, ebbu, nam-rum A
AMT 92,1 i 7 (inc.). III/3:38ff., 42ff.; ha-ad UD, da-ag UD, ra-a UD =
ellu, ebbu, nam-rum ibid. 82ff., 88ff.; [za-la-ah]
c) said of buildings: esreti ill rabiti ema UDi = nam-rum ibid. 64; ba-ab-bar UD = nam-rum
bibil libbisunu usepi na-am-ri-is I made the ibid. 66; pa-ar UD = nam-rum ibid. 80; pi-rig Un
sanctuaries of the great gods resplendent = nam-rum ibid. 81; UD.UD = ellum, ebbum. nam-
rum Proto-Diri 35ff.; also, wr. na-am-ru-um
according to their wishes VAB 4 142 i 22, cf.
ibid. 38b; da-[d]a-a[g], ha-b[a]-a[d], ra-ra UD.UD
ibid. 128 iii 61, na-am-ri-is pus ibid. 130 iv = ellu, ebbu, nam-ru Diri I 108-116, also
65, PBS 15 77:19 (all Nbk.). A III/3:125-130; UDra-raUD = nam-ri (preceded
by ellu, ebbi) ErimhuS V 116; [zal]ig = nam-ru
Ugaritica 5 238:20; zalag.ga = nam-ru Igituh
namritu s.; festival; pl. namratu, nam
short version 126, Igituh I 433; tam.tam.ma =
riatu; OB; cf. namdru v. [nam]-ru Silbenvokabular A 83; zalag.ga =
nam-ru ibid. 84; a-ra UD.DU = nam-rum A
a) in sing.: 6 An si-ba-tim ana nam-ri- II/13:188, Ea III 164, Diri I 190.
[t]im six old(?) cows for the n. Kienast Kisurra gu-ba NA4 .ZA.SUH = ellu, ebbu, nam-ru Diri III
98:7; se'am ana ... na-am-ri-ti-im leqe 102ff.; [nam]-ri (T.KUR.ZA.SUIJ.KI = ellu, ebbi,
take barley for the n. ibid. 157:11. nam-ri Diri IV 48ff.; za-gi-in NA 4.ZA.GIN - uq-nu-u,
ellu, ebbu, nam-ru Diri III 85ff., also (with MIN (=
b) in pl.: ana UD.5.KAM nam-ra-at Isin u za-gi-in)-du-ru NA4 .ZA.GIN.DURU 5) 91ff.; gu-ug
ma-tim Gula isakkan in five days Gula will GUG = nam-ru Idu I 104; gu-ug NA4.GUG = ellu.
ebbu, nam-rum Diri III 76ff.; za-bar UD.KA.BAR =
occasion the festival of Isin and the land nam-rum (preceded by ellu, ebbu) A III/3:199.
TCL 18 150:25, cf. adi nam-ra-tum sa Marduk also Diri I 130; gu-ubL = el-lu, za.gin = eb-bu,
iiakkanu TLB 4 39:18; note in the hyper- zabar = nam-ru Antagal F 251ff.; zabar = nam-
correct form namridtum: kallati u biti ana [ru], qu-[u], mu-[d-lu] -= [siparru] Hg. A II 225ff.,
in MSL 7 171; il-dag GIa.A.AM, GI§.AM, GIS.rRAD1
nam-ri-a-t[im]usterib I brought my daughter-
= ellu, ebbu, nam-ru Diri II 232-240; [ga-da]
in-law and my family to the festival YOS 2 [GAD] = ellu, ebbu, nam-ru A III/1:3ff.; [§e-en-bar]
49:7 (all letters). [§iS.§E.KU.KAK] = [el]lu, [eb]bu, [nam]-rum A
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namru namru
I/8:240ff.; i-id UD.d3Es.KI - gi-i[t a]r-hi, el[lu], ellu, ebbu, nam-rum = [e-ru]-ril An VII 38ff.;
eb[bu], nam-ru Diri I 145ff.; [zu-lu-ug] [LtT] = [eb]bu, [el]lu, [nam]-rum = si-par-rum ibid. 47ff.;
nam-rum Ea VII 298; <zu>-lu-ug LUL = nam-rum [lD e]b-bu (var. [UD.DA].GfD.DA) = UD-mu nam-rum
A VII/4:135; ul GfR = nam-rum A VIII/2:252; Malku III 142; nam-rai-ni = sa-a-ru Malku I 87a.
nam-se-se To = ellu, ebbu, nam-rum A VII/4:75ff. nam-ru dgd-ma KAR 94:44 (Maqlu Comm.),
[u 4 .zalag. g] a = vD-mu-um na-am-rum Kagal see mng. lb-3'; dGIS.TUKUL.SAG.GIR = GI.TUKUL
G 243; u 4 . zal g = uD-mu nam-ru CT 18 30 iv 24 Ad IGI-Ad nam-ru, GI§.TUKUL = kak-ku, SAG =
and dupl. RA 16 167 iv 11 (group voc.); [gir. pa-ni, Gin= nam-rum BBR No. 27 r. i 11 ff. (comm.),
zalag muSen] = nam-ru Hh. XVIII 256; §a. cf. dME.SAG.GiR = ta-ha-za Ad IGI-zi nam-r ibid. 16f.
zalag.ga = §A n[a-am-rum] Izi K 262; su.silig.
ga, au.Fsulug1.ga = qd-ta-an na-am-r[a-tum] 1. bright, shiny, brilliant, luminous,
Nigga Bil. B 184f.; na 4 .ka.gi.na.zalag = id- radiant, clear, sharp, ritually pure - a)
da-nu nam-ri Hh. XVI 4, also RS Recension 5;
bright, shiny, brilliant (said of materials and
[na 4 .za.gin].duru 5 - uq-nu-e nam-ri Hh. XVI
56; na 4 .zalig = nam-rum ibid. 207, also RS artifacts) - 1' metals: he will pay 1 MA.NA
Recension 164; kuis.e.gin.zalag.ga = MIN KP.GI nam-ra ana PN JENu 62:17, also JEN
(=- i-in-du) na-mir-tum Hh. XI 286; igi.zalag.ga 92:17 (Nuzi); papaha Nab hurdsa na-am-ra
= i-na-annam-ra-t[um] Kagal G 100; lu.igi.bar.
zalag.ga lu-i-ki-par-za-la-qa (pronunciation) -
usalbis the cella of Nabuf I covered with
nam-ra-ate-ni KBo 1 39 ii 17' (Lu Bogh.), inMSL 12
shining gold VAB 4 104 i 32, also 164 vi 17, 72
216; UD.D. g a = nam-rae-ni SilbenvokabularA 85. i 51, 126 iii 29, wr. nam-ri PBS 15 79 i 34, and
umun.e u 4 .zalag.ga kulo.kuo ma.al.la.zu passim in Nbk., cf. papaha bliutisu rurdsa
: belu la imu nam-ri ana ikleti talkunu (you) lord na-am-ri allariS astakkan I used shining
who have changed the bright daylight into darkness
gold instead of plaster for his (Marduk's)
SBH p. 77 No. 44:20f.; im.ri zi.ga u 4 zalAg.ga
hi.si mi.ni.in.gar.re.es : zig Sari tebtus a ina lordly cella VAB 4 98 i 18, also 90 i 30, 114 i 34;
ime nam-ri ef(ta iakkanu unu they (the demons) [ereni] paglijti [hursa] nam-ru uhallipma
are a blast of the rising winds which bring darkness I sheathed massive cedar beams with shining
in broad daylight CT 16 19:35f.; [za]lAg.ga gold ibid. 158 vi 13, cf. ereni sululi KA.GUN.A
Tu.Nu zalhg.ga NU E.UD.UL tui : [n]ri nam-ri
Marduk daib E.UD.tL Marduk, bright light, who usalbis kaspi nam-ri I sheathed the cedar
lives in i..UD.UL RAcc. 134:230f.; pa-al-na-muTftG. beams of the roof of the .... gate with shining
NAM.EN nam.ur.a.sa zalag dEN.zu.na.kex(KID) silver ibid. 126 iii 47 (all Nbk.); timme siriitiera
alan.bial- bi mi.ni.ib.sud.sud : t&diq Aniti nam-ru uhallipma I sheathed tall pillars with
.arir Sin na-mi-ri lanu iitallih with the cloak of
shining copper Streck Asb. 88 x 101, cf. era
Anu-rank, the brilliant splendor of Sin, he (Anu)
covered her (Istar's) body TCL 6 51 r. 31f., see nam-ru uSalbiSma VAB 4 242 i 11 (Nbn.);
RA 11 149:40f.; [d]En.lil.le sag.ki.zalAg.ga. dalati ... meser eri nam-ri urakkisma I bound
a.ni mu.un.[...] : Enlil zim u na-mi-ru-ti it- the doors with a band of shining copper
[...] KAR 16:45f.; mdi.me.bi zalAg.ga.kex Lyon Sar. 16:65, Winckler Sar. pl. 36:161, 37:27,
kuo 1 .kuo 1 .ga zalAg Fabl.ga.gA : zimeiu nam-
ru-ti unammaru ik[le]ti his (the Fire god's) bright
39:104, 40:37, OIP 2 129 vi 61; daldti ...
appearance lights up the darkness BA 5 649 meser siparri nam-ri userkis ibid. 96:81 (both
No. 14 r. 6f.; [...] ki.zalag.zalag.ga hu.mu. Senn.); sikkat kaspi hurasi u eri nam-ri
ra.ab.bal [...] : [...] a$ar tetiqa aJru nam-ru urattd qerebsin I inserted knobs of silver,
liAetiqma wherever you pass, may a pure place let
gold, and shining copper into them (the
(you) pass by 4R 18* No. 5 r. 4f.; zalAg.ga pa.e
: nam-ru Spii3 (in broken context) Labat Suse palaces, i.e., the friezes) Borger Esarh. 62 vi 27,
No. 2 iii 5f. (lit.); zi dEN.zu.na en.dA.IM. cf. sikkat kaspi ebbi u siparri nam-ri ibid. 63
babbar.ra.kex he.ph : niA Sin beli nam-ra .i-it B vi 8; (lion-colossi) ist 4610 bilat maltakti
lu tamdta be conjured by Sin, the lord whose eri nam-ri which were (made) of 4,610 full
rising is brilliant CT 16 15 v 19f., cf. BA 10/1 103
No. 23:5f.; pirig abzu.ta me.hus.a Su.ti.a : talents of shining copper Lyon Sar. 16:71,
nam-ru ina apse pari ezztii leq2 brilliant one Winckler Sar. pl. 36:162, 37:32, 39:110, also OIP
(Sum.: lion) who has received the fearsome divine 2 97:83 (Senn.); lamassdtimaMdti Aa eri nam-ri
ordinances in the aped AngimII 10; a.kd a.sikil. aptiqma I cast twin lamassu genii in shining
la a.gen.ten.na ugu.na de.a : me elliiti me
copper Borger Esarh. 61 vi 19, also 88 r. 5;
ebb'iti md nam-ru-ti [.. .] pour pure water, clean
water, clear water on him 5R 50 ii 7f. and dupls., .alam arritijaAa kaspi hurd.i er n[am-r]i
see JCS 21 6. ... uepi I had a statue made of silver,
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gold and shining copper depicting me as king Subat tasilatika the shining temple, your
Thompson Esarh. pl. 16 iii 50 (Asb.); ukappira joyful abode Lambert BWL 138:193 (hymn to
qarni a pitiq eri nam-ri I cut off its (the gamas); kissi ellu ... ina resasina na-am-ri
temple of Susa's) horns which were cast in epus I built a holy chapel on their resplendent
shining copper Streck Asb. 52 vi 29; narkabat summit (that of the temple towers of Babylon
siparri nam-ri ... aptiqma I cast a chariot and Borsippa) VAB 4 114 i 43, cf. Ebabbarra
of shining bronze Borger Esarh. 95 r. 14, cf. kissi na-am-ri ibid. 142 i 23 (both Nbk.); zimi
ibid. 94:37, siparrunam-ru (in broken con- nam-ru-tu usaSi I made (buildings) display
text) Lie Sar. 225. a bright appearance VAB 4 258 ii 11 (Nbn.),
also ibid. 182 iii 40 (Nbk.).
2' stone: salam gisnugalli ebbi nam-ri
suquri ... usepisma I had a statue (of Adad) 6' other occs.: summa Sin ina tamartiu
made of precious, bright, shining alabaster pu.a ZALAG e-di-[ih] if the moon at its first
Iraq 24 93:37 (Shalm. III); NA 4 .Z nam-ra appearance is veined with bright white marks
hi-li-ba (in enumeration of stones for a Thompson Rep. 28:3, SA5 nam-ru hid libbi
charm) Or. NS 34 127 r. 18 (namburbi); see bright red (in the protasis predicts) joy (in
also Hh. XVI, in lex. section. the apodosis, referring to the protasis SAg
sa(text sd)-rip) CT 20 39:22 (SB ext.); summa
3' other materials: 1 MA.NA sindu ZALAG-
sinnasu nam-[ra] if his teeth are bright
tum one mina of bright paint RAcc. 18 iv 21
Labat TDP 60:36; summa dlittu muh putiSa
(rit.); x wool damqu nam-ru CT 51 12:11 and
UD na-mir if the upper part of the forehead
13 (Nuzi); U na-mi-ru (plant for the ninth
of a pregnant woman is bright with a white
day of the ninth month) Weidner Gestirndar-
stellungen 45:20 (hemer.); .$mam la na-am-ra-
spot(?) ibid. 200:2, cf. summa dlittu .KU-
sa nam-ru ibid. 210:102.
am la tasdm do not buy merchandise of poor
quality ABIM 20:75, cf. ibid. 71 (OB let.), b) bright, luminous, radiant (said of light,
cf. also Kraus, AbB 5 220:17; si(text um)-si-tam stars, heavenly bodies, and gods of light or
essetam ... na-m[i]-ir-tam sukna (obscure) fire) - 1' said of daylight, light, lamp: mnsu
TLB 4 34:31 (OB let.); see also sapsu. nam-ru ana da'ummati lituru may the
bright daylight turn into darkness for him
4' textiles (or as name of a garment):
BBSt. No. 7 ii 20; umu nam-rum da'ums
2 TUG na-am-ru-um YOS 5 96:11; 15 TUG
matam liwisum RA 46 92:68 (OB Epic of Zu),
na-aw-ra-tim TCL 1 109:17 (both OB); 10 TUG
cf. fmu nam-ru anada'u[mm]ati utt[ir] Cagni
nam-rum EA 22 iii 24 (list of gifts of Tusratta);
Erra IIa 6, cf. ibid. I 172; mala ag4d mu inala-
pir'i ereni sikkdtia ebli markas kit nam-ru
ma-ti-id andku fmu nam-ru ul Amur ever since
(see markasu mng. 1) Lambert Love Lyrics p.
I have been without news(?), I have not had a
112 K.4247:11.
bright day ABL 451:10 (NB); [kim]a iimeka
5' buildings (as poetic epithet): esreti nam-ri ubbibanni jdti cleanse me (Assurbani-
nam-ra-a-ti ... .tabis irmi they (the gods) pal) like your (Samas's) feast (lit. bright) day
graciously took up residence in the shining KAR 55 r. 3, cf. lamasUD.20.KAM imuka nam-
sanctuaries Winckler Sar. pl. 35:156, Lie Sar. mar [... ] Samar, the twentieth day is your
76:11; ana Ebabbara bitika na-am-ra ina feast day Lambert BWL 221:7 (proverbs), UD.
aseka u erebika when you (Sama§) leave or 20.KAM UD ZALAG 4R 33 ii 49 (hemer.); see also
enter Ebabbar, your brilliant house VAB 4 SBH p. 77, CT 16 19, RAco. 134, TCL 6 51, in lex.
232 ii 3 (Nbn.), also ibid. 102 ii 42 (Nbk.); ina section; na-mir-tum dipdr jame u erseti
bitika nam-ru aste'ema in your brilliant (Itar) brilliant torch of heaven and earth
temple I seek (you) continuously KAR 55:13 STC 2 pi. 77:35, of. STT 73:112; lu nrgu na-
(SB prayer), see Ebeling Handerhebung 54, cf. aw-ru-um attunuma ittakunu damiqtum libdis
f].babbar.ra = bitu [nam]-ru bit Sama summa you (the gods) be the brilliant light
KAV 43 r. 13 (list of temples); [bitu] nam-ru for him, let your favorable omen occur for
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namru namru
him YOS 9 35 i 38 (Samsuiluna); niru nam-ru 179; ilu kigdassunu ana asika nam-ri basd
munammir muiti (Nusku) brilliant light, uzndiun the gods, all of them, are attentive
who light up the night Craig ABRT 1 35:2 (SB to your (Samas's) brilliant rising KAR 105: 10,
hymn), cf. Nusku vD-mu (possibly for ZALAG = dupl. 361:10; ina na-mir-ti setika littallak
nuiru) nam-ru Maqlu II 4; (Marduk) nuru salmis may he walk safely in your brilliant
na-am-ri-im VAB 4 144 i 39 (Nbk.); dGUD light KAR 105 r. 2, of. Lambert BWL 136:175;
niru nam-ri mun[ammir ... ] RAcc. 146:461; note Namra(m)-sit as name of Sin: littu sirtu
ZALAG-ka nam-ru kal nise ibarri all men see sa beli nam-ra-si-it exalted offspring of the
your brilliant light 4R 17 r. 12 (hymn to Samas), lord, who is brilliant at his rising Schollmeyer
cf. nie salmat qaqqadu mala ibarrd nu-ur-ka 96:7, of. AfK 1 28 ii 20, DINGIR nam-ra-si-it
nam-ri VAB 4 242 iii 44 (Nbn.); ana nirika YOS 1 45 i 3 (Nbn.), wr. dAS.IM.BABBAR BMS
nam-ri azziz I approached your shining light 1:19, Perry Sin 29:9, 30:5; see also CT 16 15 v
Maqlu II 26, see AfO 21 72; ina nu-i-ri-ka na- 19f., BA 10/1 103 No. 23:5f., in lex. section;
am-ri lulabbir tallakka let me prolong (my [summa ]am kma sit warhim paniuunu
life's) path into old age in the presence of na-am-ru-? if the surface of the sky is as
your brilliant light VAB 4 232 ii 10 (Nbn.); bright as the rising moon ZA 43 309:4 (OB
ina nu-ri-Ju nam-ru littallaku unu kajdn meteor.); [ ... ] isturum sa erpetim [s]dmtim
may they walk around continually in his [na-w]i-ir-ti-im u sal[imtim] a huge [... ] of
brilliant light En. el. VI 128; na-am-ru nir clouds, of a red, bright, or black one ibid.
Jammi [...] Pinches Texts in Bab. Wedge- 310:22.
writing 15 No. 4:4, cf. Jariru nam-ru Craig
ABRT 1 29:13, also LKA 38:8; for the personal 3' as an epithet of gods of light or fire:
names Na-am-ra-am-Aarir, Na-aw-ra-am-as [r]i-mu sa tdmuru gamas
na-am-ru-um the
rur see Stamm Namengebung 184 and von Soden, bull which you saw was the brilliant Samas
JNES 19 166, also Na-aw-ru-um-Jarir CT TIM 9 43:13, see Sumer 14 115:12 (OB Gilg.),
47 11:12; dipdru n[am]-ru (Nusku) shining cf. dajdnitka amas nam-ru KAR 25 ii 9,
torch LKA 72:9, cf. Marduk dipdru nam-ru note: etelil kima nam-ru Maqlu III 70, also
Craig ABRT 1 30:34; nannaru nam-ru (Sin) cited, with comm. nam-ru d -cimal, KAR 94:43f.,
shining light Borger Esarh. 96:5; note as a see lex. section; Istar kakkabi na-mir-ti bril-
month name: rrII Hi-bir5 -tim na-am-ri liant Istar of the stars Unger Bel-harran-beli-
ARM 8 25:8. ussur 7, cf. Sin u Istar na-mir-t' Weidner
Gestirn-Darstellungen 24 Virgo, also 41:6, 42:9;
2' said of stars and celestial bodies and Samas u IStar sit libbisu na-am-ra (var. nam-
phenomena: ina libbi kakkabe Jame la ri) Samas and Istar, his brilliant offspring
maniti nam-ru(!)-[ti sar]hiiti sarruti (let a VAB 4 224 ii 40 (Nbn.), var. from VAS 1 53 ii 39;
shooting star fall) from among the countless saqutu andku aqidtu na-mir-[tu] I am exalted,
brilliant, sparkling, glittering stars of the sky exalted, bright (Sum. broken) ASKT p.
STT 73:97, see JNES 19 34, cf. attunu MUL. 129:25 (hymn to Istar); na-mi-ir-iibelet dadmi
MUL arhitu Aa mu[Aiti] nam-ru-ti you, (Istar) brilliant queen of all settlements
brilliant, lordly stars (or: Pleiades) of the RA 22 58 i 5 (Nbn.); ilu nam-ri semi kaldma
night BMS 8 r. 23, see Ebeling Handerhebung 62; bright god (Samar) who hears everything
summa Sin garndAu mithdri nam-ra ACh BMS 10:27, cf. Maqlu II 123, ilu nam-rum sup
Supp. 2 Sin 6:4, also, wr. ZALAG.MES Thomp- etellu KBo 1 12 r. 12; ilu nam-ru sa innabi
son Rep. 35 r. 4; MUL.U.PA = MUL na-am-ru salsis sumsu brilliant god, as he is named
5R 46:52 (list of stars), cf. ana MUL Marduk thirdly En. el. VI 155; Sin ilu ellu nam-ru
... aq4 [na]m-ru AfO 18 386:6 (SB lit.); Perry Sin 23:1, cf. ibid. 30:3; belu nam-ru
niphekunu ZALLG.ME§-ti Aurkani jdi grant BBR No. 68 r. 2 (inc.), cf. nam-ru belu dEN
me (Sin and Sama, the sight of) your LKA 38:2; elli nam-ru mr Anim (Ningirsu)
brilliant rising PBS 1/2 106 r. 23, see ArOr 17/1 pure and shining son of Anu Or. NS 36 118:33
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namru namru
(SB hymn to Gula); anniirig dGV.GAL nam- mng. 3a; amur nam-ra ini amur balsa ni
ru-ti ina pan babika izzazzu Bel mdtati look, clear-sighted one, look, you with the
issisunu izzaz now the brilliant .... -images staring eye AMT 13,1 r. i 6, cf. muhra nam-ra
stand in front of your door, the Lord of all ini iqabbi ibid. ii 12.
lands stands with them ABL 1369:5, cf.
dG .GAL nam-ru-ti ana matati laspur I will 2' water: ina me-e na-am-ru-tim ta-di-x
send the brilliant .... -images to the lands you (washerman) .... (the garment) in
ibid. r. 2 (NA oracles for a king); na-aw-ru-um clear water UET 6 414:10 (OB lit.), see Iraq
25 183.
Gibil ZA 43 306:15 (OB); note, referring to
Ninurta (possibly a var. tradition for nimrru) d) (beside ellu and ebbu) ritually pure,
Angim II 10, in lex. section. holy: me elluti me ebbiiti me nam-ru-ti
4' used without referent - a' in sing.: KAR 34:1 (inc.), see also 5R 50 ii 7f., in lex.
[mim]ma nam-ru ana etiti uttirru everything section; Samnu ellu samnu ebbu samnu
nam-ru Maqlu VII 31; diD ellu nam-ru quds
bright he(?) turned into darkness Gilg. XI 106;
as personal name: Na-aw-ru-um-i-lU CT 6 dusu andku I am the clear, pure, holy River
8:9, etc., also Na-aw-ru-um Grant Smith College God Maqlu III 62, IX 44; see also (parallel
269:7, Na-wi-ir-tum LIH 47:6 (all OB), Nam-ru to ellu, ebbu) lex. section.
KAJ 99:25, also 22 (MA). 2. radiant, beaming, shining with good
b' in pl.: ina melammi u na-aw-ra-tim will, good health (said of the face and eyes):
UET 1 146 ii 1 (Hammurapi); nam-ra-a-ti issd Sin bel age na-me-ru-ti bunnisu littegiumma
zakdti iddallaha bright things will become lilli <da> aj irsi may Sin, who wears the tiara,
disturbed, clear things will become confused shade his brilliant face from him so that he
will have no offspring Hinke Kudurru iv 13
ACh Supp. 2 Igtar 62:25, see ZA 47 92, cf. na-
ma-ra-a-tum ina mdti ibassa 2R 49 No. 4:56 (Nbk. I); the gods ina biiniunu nam-ru-ti
(astrol.). RN ... hadis ippalsuma looked on RN with
their radiant faces VAS 1 36 i 21, also BBSt.
c) clear, bright, sharp (said of eyes, water) No. 35 r. 8, for other refs. see bunu A mng. la,
- 1' eyes: itinnam [sa i]nsu na-aw-[ra-a]t Ib, Ic, see also namdru mng. 2a-1'; ina pani
sa dr kilalle u ekalli kilalle usallamu litrus nam-ru-ti panika ammar I will meet you
dunim let them send me an architect who is (hoping you are) in good health TCL 17
clear-sighted (and) who can repair both walls 34:20 (OB let.); pa-an sarriHammurapi na(?)-
and both palaces ARM 2 101:28, cf. ARM 14 15 awl-ru-tim dtamar OBT Tell Rimah 135:8;
r. 7'; issen LT.SAG ja ensu nam-rat-u-ni idat inn gamas ... in pa <ni>u nam-ru-tim hadiS
Sin lukallimusu let them show the side of ippalsanni when Sama§ had looked on me
the Moon to one of the eunuchs who is joyfully with a bright face PBS 7 133 i 7
sharpsighted ABL 565 r. 8, see Parpola LAS (Hammurapi), see JNES 7 268; panua ZALAG-
No. 14; ana muttalliktija inka lu na-aw-ra-at tum (in broken context) BA 5 388 K.2356: 10;
keep a keen eye on my regular service ARM 4 na-am-ru-tum zimuika ukkuliS tuS9ma you
34:17; fjti nitil ine na-mir-ma as for me, have changed your beaming face to scowls
I (Nabonidus' mother) am (still) clear- Lambert BWL 70:15 (Theodicy); kabtu nasd
sighted AnSt 8 50 ii 30, cf. ina ineka lu resizime nam-ru-tisa bunndn uiituru honored
na-mir nitlu (see asamu mng. lb-3') one, with lifted head, brilliant features, whose
JRAS 1920 567 r. 8; kakkulti inesu nam-ru looks are majestic KAR 104:3 (hymn to Nabuf);
CT 28 33:11, cf. ibid. 6 (physiogn.); sa ... Belat mdti sa ... iturat nabnissa zimiZ nam-
zhuzu na na-mir-tu(vars. -turn, -ti, ZALAG- ru AKA 206 i 2 (Asn.), of. [sa z]i-mu-s! nam-
tum) (Assurbanipal) who has sharp eyes ru BBR No. 62:4; [a Itar sa] Arba'il ina
Streck Asb. 356 c 4, 358 d 3, 368 q 2, Hunger ni en2ea nam-ra-a-te(var. -ti) tuttuiiuma
Kolophone No. 338:4 and p. 170, see ah zu (Esarhaddon) whom IStar of Arbela chose by
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namru namsisf
the look of her benevolent eyes Borger Esarh. namra ini and namra sit see von Soden, JNES 19
80:26, cf. [...] ineka nam-ra-a-te (addressing 166.
a deity) KAR 130 r. 5 (prayer?).
namru see ndmaru.
3. in fine shape, healthy (i.e., shining with
health) - a) said of slaves: ana sim wardi namruqqu (nabruq(q)u, nabraq(q)u) s.;
Gutt nam-ru-tim as the price for (i.e., to buy) (a medicinal plant); MB, SB; foreign word.
fine Gutian slaves Meissner BAP 4:4 and 11, [ti Sd-mi a]h-ha-zu : t nab-ru-qu(var. -su) plant
cf. 1 SAG.ARAD SU.BIR 4ki nam-ra-am inad: for jaundice : n. Uruanna II 42.
dinma JNES 21 75 VAT 1176:9; adi sehru la a) in MB: 1 siLA nam-ru-uq-qu PBS 2/2
na-am-ru ina ubdne la talappat u amtum ... 107:35 (pharm. inv.); u nam-ruq-qu (among
adi la na-am-ra-at u sehret ina ubane la medicinal plants for stomach ache) PBS 1/2
talappat as long as he is small and not well 72:34 (let.).
fleshed out, do not touch (him), and as long
as the slave girl is not well fleshed out, and is b) in med. and pharm.: u nam-ruq-qa
small, do not touch (her) (cf. siriiina mat.( tasdk ina sikari isatti you crush n.-plant, he
r. 4, see namaru v. mng. 3e) Kraus AbB 1 drinks it in beer Kiichler Beitr. pl. 14 i 19,
139:12 and 14; ulu 2 amdtim na-aw-ra-timulu parallel, wr. P nab-ru-qu Kocher BAM 246:4
2 LT.TUR.MES na-aw-ru-tim OBT Tell Rimah and 11; P nab-ru-qi (for easy birth) ibid.
21:8ff., also CT 48 66:2 and 9; amtam sa mddis 244:31, 33; 21 r nab-ruq-qa ina 10 siqil
na-am-ra-atistissu sinisu waldat a slave girl samni u sikari taJaqqsu 21 n.-plants, you
who is in very fine health, who has given give it to him to drink in ten shekels (worth)
birth once or twice ABIM 20:82; amtum na- of oil and beer Kuchler Beitr. pl. 17 ii 62, cf.
wi-ir-tum wasbat ana dlikim ukilsima mam= also (for internal diseases),wr. t nab-ru-qu
man ul imhuranni a handsome slave girl is Kocher BAM 73 i 3, 159 ii 2, 190:36, wr. P nam-
available here, I offered her to the (merchant) ruq-qa Kiichler Beitr. pl. 18 iii 10-12; U nab-
who came along, but nobody took her from ra-qu Kocher BAM 380 r. 40; U nab-ruq-qi
me CT 2 49:22, see Frankena, AbB 2 87; amtam Kocher Pflanzenkunde 36 vi 5 (pharm. inv.); U
na-wi-ir-tam a inki mahrat itti tamkdrim NUMUN nab-ru-qi : P amurriqdnu seed of n.
hirima select from the merchant a nice-slave herb for jaundice (to crush and to give to
girl who is pleasing to you VAS 16 65:12, drink in beer) Kocher BAM 1 ii 57, dupl. RA 13
ahhadtua amdtim danmqtim isa d amtam na- 37:25.
wi-ir-tam ul is (see amtu usage b) Kraus namruratu see namurratu.
AbB 1 51:9 (all OB letters); NAR astalukia ka:
lus[unu] [n]a-aw-ru all your estald-singers namruitu s.; limestone(?); SB; cf. namaru
are fine ARM 1 83:10; assum SAL.TUR kezertim V.
[n]a-wi-ir-tim (see kezertu A usage b)
x shekels of nam-ru-tum (among ingre-
ARM 10 140:17; na-am-ra-a bel mesrd udam=
dients for making colored glass) Oppenheim
miqSu man[nu] whose favorite is the well-
Glass 34 § 3:32, 40 § 7:72, 47 § 17:3, 48 § 18:11,
filled-out rich man? Lambert BWL 70:20
§ 19:20, 53 § P: 15, also, wr. nam-ru--ti
(Theodicy).
44 A § 14:11?, note nam-ru-tum sa A.AB.BA
b) said of animals: summa KI.M1N 7 V.TU- 37 § 6:60, 40 § 8:77, and, wr. [n]am-[rul-tu
ma mithdriS nam-ru if a [... ] gives birth to 38 § 6:29.
seven young and they are all plump(?) Oppenheim Glass 42, 79.
CT 28 39:23 (SB Alu), cf. puthde nam-ru-ti
(in broken context) 4R Add. p. 4 to pi. 18* No. namsisi s.; (mng. uncert.); SB*; Sum.
5:3. Iw.; wr. NAM.SI.SA.
Ad mng. 3: Speiser, Or. NS 23 235f. For i~mu NAM.SI.SA abari teppu ina KU.GADA tabak-
namru see Landsberger, JNES 8 254 n. 31; for kak you make n.-(s) of lead and string (them)
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namsitu namsartu
on a linen thread AMT 49,4 r. 8, dupl. Kocher ibid. iv 22; 1 NIG.1SU.LUH.HA1 KT.GI 123 GIN
BAM 39:8. ina suqultiu 1 NfG.SU.LUIT.HA KiT.BABBA[R]
1801 GIN ina Suqultisu EA 25 ii 53 (both lists of
Possibly a bead of a certain shape.
gifts of Tusratta); nam-su-u UD.KA.BAR
(among household utensils) TCL 9 117:32,
namsitu see nermsetu.
Nbn. 761:6, also, wr. 1-en na-an-[sul-uq TuM
2-3 249:6 (all NB); for n.-s made of copper,
nams (nemsu, nansc) s.; washbowl, pottery, wood, reed, see Hh., in lex. section.
washing vat; OB, EA, SB, NB; wr. syll.
and G.SU.LUH.HA; Cf. mesu v. b) used in rituals: 1 URUDyt nam-se-e Su
1 tURUDU ksu 1 URUDU nam-se-e ~epi (for
urudu.sen.nig.su.luh.ha = nam-su-i Hh.
XI 395; dug.gur.nig.su.lu b = [n]am-su-u the mis pi ritual) Aro Kleidertexte 18 HS 165:10
Hh. X 265; gi.nig.esir.ra, gi.nig.su.luh.ha and 12; salam kassapi u kassdpti a qemi
= nam-su-i Hh. IX 208f.; gis.[nig.iu.luh.ha] ina libbi TRUDU nam-se-e tessir you draw the
= nam-su-u Hh. VIIA 203; e[m.x.x.x] = [gis. outline of the sorcerer or the sorceress with
nig.su.lu]h = nim-su-[l] Emesal Voc. II 159;
flour in a copper washbowl Maqlu IX 157,
mu.ud.ra, [x].x.x UD.KA.BAR.ra, [X.X.UD].
KA.BAR.raT= nim-su-u d alaki Nabnitu XXIII also 153; mis qdti epra ana libbi URUDU nam-
d9ff. se-e tanassuk washing of the hands, you put
[bu-luh-h]u-u = nim-su-u Malku V 203, also An earth into a washbowl ibid. 162; you throw
VII 117. chaff into a vessel ina pisu ana libbi nam-se-e
tanappah and you blow (it) through its open-
a) in gen.: ilqguma PN ana nam-si-e
ing into the washbowl ibid. 177; supur alpi
ubilsuma UrSanabi took him and brought
ba-ri-ra nam-si-e (in broken context)
him to the washbowl (and Gilgames washed
TCL 6 34 r. ii 13.
his hair) Gilg. XI 247, also ibid. 239; [x in]a
ammatim rupsam [u x] ina ammatim suplam c) used by the fuller: see Nabnitu XXIII,
[ipi]r nam-si-im ~dtu [u]eppes I shall have in lex. section; atypical: Ea bel ni-im-si(text
this n. made x cubits wide and x cubits deep -GI)-im UET 6/2 414:27 (OB lit.).
ARMT 13 128 r. 5', cf. r. 1'; agsum nam-si-im
sa [...] (in broken context) ARM 2 85 r. 4; namsuhu s.; crocodile; SB; Egyptian lw.
(you said) "I will spend money to buy
slaves i nam-si-i luptette nam-si-i ana pagdta rabita nam-su-ha L.ID umdmi sa
mannim tepet[te] annikiam isddka ul [kunna] tdmti GAL-te ~ar GN ugebila the king of Egypt
u sdbum ndsir GN ul ibassi ana npuh nam-si-i sent a large monkey, a crocodile, a "man of
tep[ettd ... ] kaspam tudessi and I will keep the river," and (other) large sea animals (and
the washing vats(?) open," for whom would let his people see them) AKA 142 iv 29 (Tigl.
you open the washing vats? Here your I), also AfO 6 91 VAT 9539:4 (Aur-bal-kala).
administration is not well established and Landsberger Fauna 121; Lambdin, JNES 12
there are no men to guard Mari, instead of 284f.
opening the washing vats(?) and spending
silver for [..., you had better ... ] ARM 1 namsartu (nassartu) s.; storage jar; NB;
52: 11f. and 15; [x] NiG. U.LUI.1JA SU i-na cf. nasdru.
kdsisina UD.KA.BAR [x] NIG.U.LUH.HA GiR dug.kir.rO.Gif = d um-sa-tu, nam-far-tu Hh. X
[UD.KA.BAR] x washbowls for (washing) the 172-172a; dug.kir.rO.afn = d um-a-ti = nam-
hands, with(?) the cups that go with them, sar-tum, [dug.kir.sig] = [mu-pap-pi]-ik-tum =
MIN Hg. A II 79-79a, in MSL 7 110f.
(all made) of bronze, x washbowls for
(washing) the feet, (made) of bronze EA 13 r. ultu DUG na-as-sar-tum ultu bit Jutummu
24f. (list of gifts from Babylon); 1 NIG.SU. (silver) from the n.-jar from the royal store-
LUH.HA Kti.BABBAR 140 GiN ina duqultisu house YOS 7 42:7.
EA 22 ii 51; 10 NiG.SU.LUH.HA UD.KA.BAR Salonen Hausgerate 2 177.
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namsaru nam§a
namsaru s.; 1. sword, 2. (a wooden stick ... n]am-sa-ri tille [...] Craig ABRT 1 29:19;
or mace with stones affixed to it); OAkk., ana subruq nam-[sa-ri] to let the sword flash
OB, MB Alalakh, EA, SB; pl. namsari Cagni Erra IIIc: 68; ina nam-sa-ri zattiti
(namsarita EA 333:14); wr. syll. and GiR. husannisunu uparri' patr sibbi ... sa
GAL. qabl£eunu ekim with pointed swords I slit
gi-ir Gta - nam-sa-rum A VIII/2:236; GIR. their belts and took from their waists the
gal.zabar - nam-§a-ru, a-ri-tum Hh. XII 45f., patru-swordswhich they carried in their belts
cf. GiR.gal.zabar = nam-a-ru = pat-ru Hg. A II OIP 2 46 vi 14 (Senn).; salpat nam-sa-[ru]
220a and 230, in MSL 7 155 and 171; ul Gi a
[...], me.ri.lA = nam-sa-[ru], GfR.gu.la =
zaqtu ja epes tahazi (Iatar) unsheathed a
a-r[i-tu] Erimhug VI 68ff.; i-gur v+GvcR = nam- pointed sword to engage in battle Piepkorn
.a-ru Sb II 208; [gii.na 4].3, [gi§.na 4 ].4(text .2) Asb. 66 v 55.
- nam-.a-ru Hh. VII B 184f.
gu.gurs.ru.ul.dus.du8 aGf.gal Gfn.nam.an. b) in metaphoric use: nam-sar sippija
na.mu mu.e.da.gAl.[la.am] : mussir kidadati aritesa panija (you, Enkidu, were) the sword
nam-sa-ru patru anitija na4[dkuma] I am holding
the sword which cuts throats, the sword which is in my belt, the shield before me Gilg. VIII ii
the sign of my rank as Anu Angim III 32; mi-tuGi. 5, see JCS 8 93; atta nam-sa-ru-um-ma tabihu
TUKVUL §en.tab.ba ulGfR.GAL mul.mul ni-1rNf. [... ] you (Isum) are the sword, the one who
Gin.ak.ak.da.zu : ina mitu patu nam-sa-ru u slaughters [...] Cagni Erra I 12; [...]-ti la
mulmulli ina gita uriki when you show your
superior might with the mace, the double ax, the pdd narm-sa-rum zaqtu (Istar) [... ] without
sword, and the arrow RA 12 74:13f.; oGf.gal mercy, drawn sword BA 5 650 No. 15:22
dnam.tar.ra bi.in. .§u.am : nam-a-ru mu: (prayer of Asb.); [... ] [naml-sa-ru pet4 [...]
sahhip namtari (Gibil) sword which casts down qulmd zaqtu simat iliti[sa] BA 5 626 No. 4 (=
the namtaru-demon 4R 21 No. 1B r. 18f. Craig ABRT 1 55) i 2 (hymn to Nana); see also
nam-sa-ru = pat(text ar)-rum Malku III 7. 4R 21 No. 1B r. 18f., in lex. section.
1. sword - a) in gen.: 8 GiR nam-sa-[ru-
2. (a wooden stick or mace with stones
um] TCL 5 pl. 34 AO 6044 i 3 (OAkk.); 100
affixed to it): see Hh. VII B 184f., in lex.
GiR.GAL 100 GiR.[TUR] [801 subbubu one
section.
hundred swords, one hundred daggers, eighty
....- s EA 120:6; [6] qalsti n 3 GiR-um u 3 The difference between namsaru and patru
nam-sa-ru-ta EA 333:14; 2 GiR.GAL siparri is not clear. The suggested reading namsaru,
Wiseman Alalakh 113:18 (MB); 1 patar hurdyi rather than patar parzilli, for the logogram
rabd nam-sa-ar idisu Ja 26 MA.NA 3-su GiR.AN.BAR would, if confirmed, indicate only
hurdsu sitkunu Suqultu
one large golden that there was a difference in material between
patru and namsaru during the first millen-
sword, the sword he (the god Haldia) wore
at his side, which weighed 26 and one-third nium. See also mamsaru.
minas of gold TCL 3 377 (Sar.), of. [n]am- In CT 19 7f 7 (= Hh. XXII Section 8:8')
sa-ar 8 ofr the sword weighing eight talents nam-zA-ru is an error for nam-ga-ri of the
Gilg. O. I. r. 18 (OB), sa ... ana karri nam- dupl.
sa-ri Siquru (alabaster) which was too costly E. Salonen Waffen 139ff.
even for the pommel of a sword OIP 2 107 vi
55 and 121:44 (Senn.); iSlup nam-sa-ra-am ina namsatu see lamsatu.
SippiSu (GilgameS) drew the sword from his
belt Gilg. O. I. r. 3 (OB), of. (in broken context) namsu see lamsatu.
Gilg. V ii 1, 4; tdmih nam-sa-ri la adir tahaza
(Nergal) who grasps the sword, who does not namba (namasi) s.; (an alabastron of
fear battle Ebeling Handerhebung 116:4, cf. Egyptian manufacture); EA*; Egyptian
ina dumeliu qadta nai ina imittilu nam-sa-ru word.
[sabit ZA 43 17:50, cf. ibid. 42, [...] itti 9 kukkubu a abni amna tdba mald na-am-
nam-sa-ri-S2 [...] ibid. 22; qaitu mulmu[lli Ja Aumu nine kukkubu-containers made of
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nam§ahu namtaru
glass, filled with perfumed oil, its name (in nam§u see nalsu.
Egyptian) is n. EA 14 iii 37, also ibid. 67,
(made of silver) ibid. ii 50, of. also i 32, and namtaggau see *namtaggd.
(referring to gabgabu, q.v.) ibid. i 67 (list of gifts
*namtaggf (namtaggau) s.; sin; syn. list*;
from Egypt); uncert.: 1 na-[m]a(?)-i ibid. ii
Sum. Iw.
65f.
nam-tag-ga-u = ar-nu, eahar-dub-bu-u (vars. 4u-
namSahu s.; (a leather bag); OB; cf. ru-ub-bu-u or Su-subub-bu-u, and [... -b]a-a) Malku
IV 64f.
madhu.
ku.lu.ub i.gi§ = nu- -hu = nam-.d-hu namtallu see attall.
Hg. A II 160, in MSL 7 150.
82 na-am-sa-hu 150 (siLA) hibitum 82 namtarru see namtaru.
leather bags (with a total of) 150 silas of
(fragrant) cuttings
namtaru (namtarru) s.; 1. death, fate,
VAS 7 111:5, also ibid. 7;
220 na-am-,a-hu sa 11 2. (a demon, bringer of death); Bogh., SB;
siLA BLUG(?)
ibid. 2, cf. ibid. 1.
Sum. Iw.; wr. syll. and (d)NAM.TAR; cf.
namtaru in sa namtari.
Salonen Hausgerate 1 176.
nam.tar - nam-[ta-ru], mur-[.u], di-hu-[u],
namgarratu s.; (mng. unkn.); EA.* .im-t [xl1-[x] Izi Q 273ff.; nam.tar - nam-ta-ri
(in group with vDU.BAD = bi-ib-bu, mer.VDUr - ib-
inanna PN aradka u LUf.NU.GI.SAR-ka bu) Erimhus V 194; [nam.tar] = nam-ta-ru (in
isemmegunu u ina GN nam-sar-ra-tum iksud: group with mutu, mukil reA lemutti) Antagal III 65.
[...] nam.tar.e.ne : [...] izzazu nam-ta-ru
sunu now Aziru will hear your servant and
Lugale VII 44 (- MVAG 8/5 pl. 12 r. 11f.); for
your gardener, and n. reached them in GN other bil. refs. see mngs. 1 and 2.
(obscure) EA 59:24 (let. from Tunip). nam-ta-[ru]- [mu]-u-td LTBA 2 2:264; [nam]-
ta-ru - MIN (= pu-ul-hu) ibid. 62.
*namsartu s.; (a wooden object); MA*; NAM.TAR mur-su §ani~ NAM.TAR [...] Hunger
pl. namardte. Uruk 27 r. 11.
1 simittu sa GIS~akkulli ... PN sa GIS 1. death, fate: musen an.na.kex(KID)

nam-da-ra-te sa ekalli ana iskarisu mahir nam.tar.bi ha.ba.ib.ex(DU6+Du). d
one yoke of sakkullu-wood, PN (who is in nam-ta-ra-s4 issuru <ana> ana same liseli
charge?) of the n.-s of the palace received (it) let a bird carry his fate up to the heavens
for his assigned work JCS 7 157 No. 25:5; Iraq 21 57:38f. (inc.); Sibbu siptu NAM.TAR
andku GIS nam-sa[r]-ra-a-te nassa I bring Bsru birqu Sa Marduk §urpu VIII 5; milt
the n.-s ibid. 167 No. 64:23 (both Tell Billa). pi-qi u nam-tar(text -,) Craig ABRT 1 81:13
(tamtu); mitu NAM.TAR arurtu namurratu
namSaru see namaau. hurbasu ibissi nebritu [hua]hhu diliptu mala
nam§a§u (namSaru) s.; belly, stomach; SB. bad death, n., twitching of limbs, terror,
chills, losses, hunger, want, sleeplessness, as
[uzu].nam.Sa.Su = (blank) = MIN (= kar-.u)
Hg. B IV 65, Hg. D III 70, in MSL 9 35 and 38. much as can be (came down upon them)
ban-dil-lum, nam-ld-4d(var. -ru)= kar-u Malku AnSt 5 102:94 (Cuthean legend).
V 15f.
2. (a demon, bringer of death) - a) refer-
rab GIS.KU.MES-sd nam-si-su(var. - ) ring to a group of demons - 1' in enumera-
ser'Aniu large are her breasts(?), her belly(?), tions with other demons: udug.hul.didli
her muscles 4R 58 iii 36, var. from dupl. PBS
§&A.ba.kalam.ma e(var. e).ra nam.tar
1/2 113 iii 21 (Lamatu).
sag nam.BAD.e.ne ((la (var. nam.m[u
In the description of Lamastu, nam-si- ... ]) [u]r'i.§u.pel al.sunx(B15R).ne.e :
su/di represents either a byform *nambu or utukkii lemniti imld qereb miti nam-tar (var.
a haplography for nam-Si-u-u. nam-ta-ru) la [p]a-du-u m6hdzid iterbu evil
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namtaru namtaru
demons filled the land, the merciless n.-s pene- ga nam.tar lui u nu.un.bar.ra : nam-
trated the holy cities CRRA 19 436:21; na m. ta-ru marsu MIN (= nam-ta-ru) dannu MIN sa
tar a.sbg kalam.ma zi.zi : nam-ta-ru(var. amela la umagsaru noisome n., powerful n.,
-ri) asakku a mdta inassahu- n. and asakku n. who does not release the man (in his power)
who uproot the country CT 16 14 iii 39f.; ASKT p. 84-85:50f.; en
nam.tar a.mah
a.sag nam.tar.dugud : nam-ta-ru asakku illu(A.KAL) §u ur 4 .ur 4 .re nam.tar u4.
kabtu CT 17 11:l01f.; nam-tar-ru asakku hul.ginx(GIM) Fkalaml.ma mu.un.fdib.
Surupp4 tanihi KUB 29 58+ iv 5, see ZA 45 dibl : nam-ta-ru milu siru butuqtu hamemsu
206, also ibid. 19; nam.tar a.sag sa.m[a. nam-ta-ru sa kima imi lemni matu ikamm -
na] : nam-ta-ru asakku sdm[dnu] 4R 29 No. n., a mighty flood and a dike-break hold him,
1 r. 21f.; NAM.TAR asakku marsu JNES 15 n. who grips the country like an evil storm
136:96 (liplur-lit.), cf. CT 16 3:116f., nam.tar. Iraq 21 56:44ff. (utukku lemniti); nam.tar
hul.gal .h
.a : lu nam-ta-ru lemnu CT 17 Su. s.r.ra : nam-ta-ruda qdta alpu-n., with
34:21f., cf. STT 161:25f., nam-ta-ru sa a[na threatening hands CT 17 36 K.9272:11, see RA
... ] KUB 4 16 r. 6; lizziz Nergal bel Sipti sa 28 160:21f.; nam.tar.gu.la ni.hus.ri.
ina panSu gall4 NAM.TAR (var. dNAM.TAR.ME) a.bi : nam-ta-ru rabi sa rasubbatu ramU
immedu puzrati may Nergal stand by, the great n. who is clad in terrifying splendor
lord of the verdict, from whose presence the 4R 27 No. 4:53ff.; etiu a ina qdt nam-ta-ri-sui
galld-demons and the n. creep into hiding marsiS inuqqu the young man who, in the
gurpu IV 100, cf. lizziz Zababa bel parakki power of his n., wails bitterly RA 65 124 i 3
litarrid dNAM.TAR (var. dNAM.TAR.MES) ibid. (ardatlili).
102, dNAM.TAR (var. galld) BMS 1:49, see
3' other occs.: (Lugalgirra and Meslam-
Ebeling Handerhebung 126:33; Nergal, the great
sa taea) kdsidu dNAM.TAR (var. a-a-bi) BBR

god mu.bi gals.la.hul dnam.tar [...] :
No. 42 r. i 5, see AAA 22 62; Gibil, who casts
ana zikri sumisu galle u nam-t[a-ru ... ]
down the enemies GiR.gal dnam.tar.ra
at the mention of whose name the galli-
demons and the n. [....] BA 5 642 No. 10:17f.
bi.in.su.su. am
: namsaru musahhip nam-
ta-ri sword which casts down the n. 4R 21
No. 1B r. 18f. (bit mesiri).
2' with ref. to the demon's evil power:
command that there be plague [sur-r]is liise b) as a god of the nether world: dMAR.TU.
rigimsina NAM.TAR let the n. promptly stifle LA.AN.KIu-mu-un-st-ir ad. gi4 .gi 4 = ama
their (mankind's) noise Lambert-Millard Atra- nam.tar.ra.kex, dNam.tar = sukkal
hasis 106 iv 10, also ibid. 14 (SB), see p. 172; dEres.ki.gal.kex, dllus.bi.[s]a 6 = dam.
sinnat ameli sa NAM.TAR isbatusu the replica bi SAL CT 25 5:29-31, of. TCL 15 pl. 30 No. 10
of the person whom the n. has seized KUB ix 407 f. (OB god list); EreSkigal opened her
29 58+ i 11, see ZA 45 200; lu.tu.ra nam.tar mouth to speak ana dNam-tar sukkallisu
mu.un.dib.b : marsa,a nam-ta-ri isbatuSu amat izakkar AnSt 10 110 i 51, cf. ibid. 52,
CT 16 5:178f., cf. Iraq 21 56:15, JCS 21 4:19; 116 iii 23, 120 iv 57, and passim in Nergal and Eres-
nam.tar l hul.gal tag.ga.zu : nam-ta- kigal;DN ana dNam-tar sukkal erseti lipqi[s:
ru Sa amela lcmniS talputu (you) n., who have sunuti] let Girra hand them over to Namtar,
touched the man with evil intent CT 16 the vizier of the nether world AfO 18 293:65
32:158, cf. nam.tar lu sag.ga tag.[ga]. (inc.); Nam.tar dumu.ki.ag.ga dEn.lil.
zu : nam-ta-ru a qaqqad ameli talputu ibid. 14 u.tu.ud.da dEreS.ki.gal.la.kex
33:175f.; nam.tar lu.ra zi.bi mu.un. Nam-ta-ru mdru nardm Enlil ilitti Ereskigal
na.te : nam-ta-ru ana ameli ana napiltisu CT 16 12:5ff.; [Naml-tar sukkal erseti-N.,
ittehi the n. closed in on the man's throat the vizier of the nether world ZA 43 16 r. 2;
CT 17 9:3f.; nam.tar su.li.ka i.gAl.la : dNAM.TAR illikma [ina s]gli dalti ip-pa-la-su
nam-ta-ru ,a ina zumur amlu ba PBS 1/2 DN a dNAM.TAR [kf]ma nikis bini erqu panfit
116:46f.; nam.tar.gig.ga nam.tar.kal. - N. went and, catching a glimpse of Erra
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namtaru namft A
at the side of the door, his face turned pale CT 41 32:7; A.RI.A na-mu-t CT 31 17:24 (ext.
like a cut-off piece of tamarisk wood AnSt 10 comm.), also RA 17 141 r. 12 (Alu Comm.).
116 iii 20f. (Nergal and Ereikigal); lf.kin.gi 4 .
1. pasture land on the fringes of cultivated
a lil.la.da.ra.a.mes gu.za.la dEres. areas as the habitat of nomads, and its
ki.gal.a.mes : marei ipri 9a Nam-ta-ri(var. population and flocks -- a) referring to
-ru)'Sunu guzali sa MIN Sunu CT 16 13 iii 7f.;
nomadic groups (Mari, Rimah): immerdtum
zi.dHuS.bi.sa 6 dam dNam.tar.ra.kex
na-wa-a-am [sa] DUMU.MES Jamrna [in]a
he.<pad> : ni dMIN alti Nam-ta-ri MIN (= Lasqim ikkala the sheep graze the pasture
lu tamata) CT 16 13 ii 51f.
of the Southern tribe in GN ARM 14 85:6;
namtaru in na-wn--um Sa Hana [Sa] ina halsija ikkalu
6a namtari s.; fated(?)
the flocks of the Haneans which pasture in
man; OB lex.*; cf. namtaru.
my district ARM 2 59:4, also ARM 3 15:10,
li.nam.tar.ra = $a .i-ma-tim, ha na-am-ta- 16, cf. ARM 6 42:18, UDU.HI.A na-wu-um ...
r[i-im] OB Lu C7 11f.
itti UDU.HI.A na-we-e-erm [...] rtam ikklala
namtullu see nattullu. ARM 2 90:7 and 9; [GN] u Idamaraz innem:
duma [...] na-wa-a-am Sa Li.MES HA.NA
namf A (nawu) s. masc. and fern.; 1. pasture ishitu [GN] and GN 2 banded together and
land on the fringes of cultivated areas as raided the herds of the Haneans OBT Tell
habitat of nomads, and its population and Rimah 9:13; DUMU Jamina lillikamma ina
flocks, 2. pasture land, outlying area around libbi mdtini na-wa-a-ku-nu lishit let the
a city, 3. steppe (in contrast to cultivated Southern tribe come and raid your flocks in
areas), deserted regions; OB, SB; wr. syll. the midst of our country M61. Dussaud 991 o 22;
and A.RI.A, A.DAM(.MES), A.DAM(.ME§); cf. ana ,ahdt na-we-e-em a ah Purattim ittalak
nam v. (the enemy) went to make a raid on the
e.ri.a = na-mu-fti, ha-ar-bu Kagal I ii 62f.; flocks which are on the bank of the Euphrates
a.ri.a, nam.edin.na, A.dam = na-mu-u ibid. 988:2, also CRRA 18 61 A.3821:25; na-wu-
Igituh I 227f.; a.ri.a = na-mu-u Igituh short
version 175 a.
u-ka ina halsisunu saknat ... na-wu-su
lt.ti.la a.ri.a a.ri.a.ge gin.[na] : adib na- salmat mimma sartum u gullultum ul ibbasi
me-e ana na-me-ka atlak you who dwell in the your flocks are in their (the sheikhs') region,
steppe, depart for your steppe! CT 16 28:56f., (in former days, when your father used to
also ibid. 29:94f.; a.ri.a.ie dingir.bi gi4 .gi 4 . give presents to the sheikhs) his flocks were
ne 6.5ub.ge akkil ga.an.ku 4 : ana <na>-me-e
i-lu-9-nu ituru ana biti na-di-i iterub ikkillu (see
safe, there was no crime or misdeed Syria 19
ikkillu lex. section) Lambert BWL 241:50 109:25 and 29; na-wa-ku-nu ana ah Purattim
(proverbs); uru.ia.ba uru.bar.ra edin.edin. kimsanimma gather your flocks at the bank
na sig.sig bi.in.si a.ri.a mu.un.DU.DU : libbi of the Euphrates M61. Dussaud 989 b 24, and
ali ahdt ali qeru bamdti Saqummatu uaamlima passim in Mari, see Edzard, ZA 53 168ff.; note
uSalika na-mu-i* he filled the region inside and
outside the city, the steppe, the open country, the nuance "shepherds together with the
with deadly silence and turned it into a desert flocks": ana na-we-e-em §a ina peat GN
4R 20 No. 1:3f., cf. ir.ra.ie (var. [x.r]a.a.e) aknat aspur udannin I gave strict orders to
ba. an.si : na-mu-u8-iS (var. na-mu-i) umme the n. which is situated along GN ARM 2
CRRA 19 436:24.
dumu.lugal.edin.na.kex(KID)
35:7, also ibid. 9 and 19.
6.gal.edin.
na.ta gub.ba : mar arri4a ina eri u na-me-e
nad the son of the king who fell (i.e., was killed) b) other occs. - 1' in OB: 500 men ana
in the steppe or in the n. ASKT p. 86-87:12, see na-we-e-em ana gullulim [pansunu s]aknu
Borger, AOAT 1 8:86. are planning to attack the flocks TIM 2
na-mut- - a-lurm Malku I 199; [n]a-mu- - 38:12 (OB let.); a-li-sana-wu-um ku-un-sh-nam
se-e-ru LTBA 22:8.
ka.DAM [na.mu-u], na-mu-u = a-[ha-tum], na. imahhau ina puhridunu uSib n pisunu i[ddi]
mu-u - 8e-[e-rum] Izbu Comm. 81ff., see mng. 2b; nusum everywhere the n. makes ladders(?)
u-[x-x] - na-mu-.u ibid. 478; A.RI.A // na-mu-t (see kunsang4), he sat down in their assembly
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name A nami A
and they made promises to him Tell Asmar qadum na-we-Su Wiseman Alalakh 456:1 (OB)'
1930,221:12. see Draffkorn Kilmer, JCS 13 94 n. 3; hardb
dli u na-me-e-gsi devastation of the city and
2' in omens: na-wu-4-ka ana dl durirn
its n. CT 38 5:138, CT 39 32:26 (SB Alu), ACh
ikammis your herds will come together into
Sin 33:58, 82; GN na-mu-su iharrub the n.
afortified city YOS 10 36 i 35 (OB), cf. na-w-u--
of Subartu will be devastated Weidner Ge-
ka ana dannatim ipahhuru ibid. 13:11, also CT
stirn-Darstellungen 36 r. 5 (= LBAT 1580); tc-bc-e
31 24:24 (all ext.), wr. A.RI.A ana dannati
ali u na-me-e-si revolt of the city and its n.
ipahhuru TCL 6 16:31 (astrol.); A.DAM.MES-e
CT 38 8:37; Summa issur lame ... ina ali u
nakri qdtka ikadsad you will take possession
na-me-e-si innamir if a bird on the wing is
of the enemy's herds TCL 6 4:10; nakru
seen in a city and its n. 3R 52 No. 3:7, see
A.DAM.MES-ia itabbalma the enemy will take
JNES 33 199, also ibid. 16, and (citing CT 39 32:12)
away my herds KAR 427 r. 29, of. ibid. 30;
ibid. 18; they buried figurines of me ina dli
nakru A.DAM.MES-e-a isahhit the enemy will
nadi u na-me-e-s4 AfO 18 293:51; if wild bulls
raid my herds CT 31 29 r. 6, cf., wr. A.DAM.
ina A.DAM ali idullu CT 40 41 K.4038:3, cf. if
MES-ka nakru isahhit TCL 64:4, na-me-e-a
a date palm ina na-me-e dli as.t (preceded
nakru imajsa' TCL 6 1 r. 52, cf. ibid. 53 (all SB
by ina libbi dli asdt) CT 38 7:19 (both SB Alu);
ext.), Leichty Izbu XVI 83, Labat Suse 9:32 (Izbu),
alsu u na-me-e-s4 itabbal he (the king) will
RA 65 73:55f. (OB ext.); nakru na-me-e-a
take away his city and its n. Leichty Izbu X 94;
ikammis the enemy will collect my herds
alu nitu illammima A.DAM.MES- 4 BIR.MES
Thompson Rep. 165:6, ACh Sin 3:103, also ACh
the city will be besieged and its n. will be
Supp. 2 63:19; mdtu naditu ussab [na]-mu-u
scattered TCL 6 1 r. 56; GN ustalpat na-mu-su
saphutu ipahhuru the abandoned land will be
issappahu GN will be overthrown and its n.
inhabited, the scattered n.-s will gather
will be scattered Weidner Gestirn-Darstellungen
Leichty Izbu II 56; na-me-e sarri ipahhuru
15:3; see also nerubdtu.
the n.-s of the king will gather ibid. XII 1.
2. pasture land, outlying area around a b) other occs.: PN marusma ul illikam u

city - a) beside city: ana kasap bit DN sa PN2 ina na-we-e-ma PN is sick and could
GN u na-we-e-su PN iprikamma PN has not come and PN 2 (who also did not come)
prevented me from (collecting) the silver for is out in the n. CT 6 28b: 12 (OB let.); summa
the temple of DN in GN and its n. LIH 30:12, ina GN summa ina na-we-e-em ,a GN kalis
see Frankena, AbB 2 30; Sa GN u na-we-Su wasbu whether they are all staying in GN or
(tax) of Babylon and its n. Kraus Edikt § in the n. of GN VAB 6 22:10 (= AbB 5 137);
13':40; you will kill your enemy and alsu na- Enkidu ... ina na-me-su(mistake for -ka)-ma
wa-Su ersessu qdtka ikassad take possession abakkakka Gilg. VIII i 49, see JCS 8 93 r. 1, dupl.
of his city, his n., (and) his territory YOS 10 CT 46 27:5; ja ... ana isuub na-me-e nadite
56 ii 45, also ibid. ii 38 (OB Izbu); Jarrudlu u pete kisubbS zaqdp sippdte iskunu uzunsu
na-wu-su u tilldtusu BAL-su his city, his (Sargon) who turned his mind to resettling
n. and his allies will defect from the king the abandoned n.-s, to cultivating unused
Labat Suse 3 r. 55 (ext.); 16 LTf.SU.SI.IG GN fields, and to planting orchards Lyon Sar.
u na-wi-su 16 sheep-shearers from Sippar- 6:34, also ibid. 14:37, [... ] na-me-e usesib
Amnanum and its n. LIH 84:5, see Frankena, (in broken context) Leichty Izbu 189 D line e;
AbB 2 66, also BE 6/1 72:3; ribbdt PA.TE.SI. [rubi in]a mat nakri ina A.DAM.MES-ju ussab
MES SIPA.MES ST.SI.IG.MES na-we.MEt u <nad i> the prince will dwell in enemy country in the
GUN.HI.A 1E.GAL RA 63 47 § 2:7 (Edict of Ammi- outlying regions KAR 437:8, ocf. ibid. 7; rubu
saduqa), also Studies Landsberger 227:12' (edict of ina la A.DAM.MERS-4 ina ZAG.MER-d uab
Samsuiluna), cf. 2 ERIN.GI.i[L] na-we-e UD.KIB. on his frontier the prince will dwell in n.-s
NUN[ki] CT 52 46:11 and r. 7, PN na-we-e not belonging to him KAR 430 r. 5; A.RI.A
UD.KIB.NUTTN k i ibid. 51:5 (both OB letters); GN SUB.ME§ the n. will be abandoned CT 20
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nami A nami B
26:5 (all ext.); A.DAM sa mdti sidti ihar: asbat I founded a city in the desert, in the
rubu the n. of that land will be laid waste steppe Unger Bel-harran-beli-ussur 11; litb4
RA 34 3:31 (Nuzi omens); A.DAM arbitu listappidu na-me-e let (the demon) leave
DU.MES the n. will become waste Leichty and run around in the steppe BRM 4 18:23,
Izbu II 12, for comm., see lex. section; seher cf. GN ... na-me-e irappud Weidner Gestirn-
na-me-e diminishing of the n. Leichty Izbu Darstellungen 37 r. 5; saharsubbdliialbissuma
III 66; subat na-a-me-e nadUti ... ussabu listappudu na-me-e may (the god) cover him
the settlements of the abandoned n. will be with leprosy so that he must roam in the
resettled RA 34 2:4 (Nuzi omens), also ABL desert BM 113927:27 (NB leg., courtesy J. A"
1080:7, Thompson Rep. 211 r. 2, ACh Adad 20:38; Brinkman); sa bitisu szrma ana na-me-e atlak
sarru na-me-e-su urappas the king will get out of his house and go away to the steppe
extend his n. ACh Supp. 2 Sin 17:11; sarru ArOr 21 421:5, dupl. STT 216:70 (SB inc.); ana
idddkma ... na-mu-si ittabbatu the king will seri kidi u na-me-e tapqidainni you (sorceres-
be killed and his n. will be destroyed Leichty ses) have handed me over to the plain, the
Izbu VI 28; mati u na-wi-ia imtassa'usi open country, the desert Maqlu IV 23; ina
(enemy troops) will plunder my land and my na-me-e imat he will die in the desert Kraus
n.-s Labat Suse 3:3 (ext.); PN sa ... hubut Texte 2b r. 15 and dupl., see MVAG 40/2 82:99;
GN kajdn ihtanabbatu usahribu na-me-e-si sa ina kakki diku ina na-me-e naditi isbassu
PN who constantly plundered GN and caused one who was killed in battle has seized him
its n. to turn into wasteland Streck Asb. 166:9; in the deserted steppe AMT 103 ii 4; ina na-
sar hursdni u na-me-e rapsuti king of mi-e na[diti] lu ana ndri tanaddi you throw
mountains and vast plains Weidner Tn. 11 No. (loaves of bread used in a ritual) into the
5:7, 30 No. 17:17; annil mu a dam niseka deserted steppe or into a river KAR 72:4;
umakkaru na-me-e qerbeti (see damu mng. Ic) see also CT 16, ASKT, Lambert BWL, in lex.
Tn.-Epic "iii" 32; sal[mdte]sunu pan na-me-e section; ina na-me-e ugdre arbuti agar bitu u
uSamli I filled the surface of the n. with their Subtu la basi in the steppe, in deserted areas,
corpses 3R 8 ii 99 (Shalm. III), cf. KAH 2 71a: 2, where there was no house or dwelling (I built
I spread the corpses of his warriors [e]li pirik a city) Weidner Tn. 31 No. 17:44, also ibid. 28
na-me-e AfO 18 350:19 (both Tigl. 1); sa aks No. 16:94; sdbe narkabti sabe 3epe dab gipsi
kannu murtappidu na-mu- narbassu the n. sdbe na-me-e troops on chariots, on foot,
is the lair of the fleeting wild ass Lambert BWL amassed troops, troops in the desert IM
144:28 (Dialogue); ise'i <na>rdma ina na-mi-e 67692:3 (tamitu, courtesy W. G. Lambert); ana
qisdta sadi u kuppi she looks for the beloved Seri uss ma ... ana n[a]-me-e errub when I go
one in the n., the forests, the mountains, and out to the steppe, when I enter the n. Cagni
at the wells LKA 15:4; sabit na-we-e (var. Erra I 118; didni asappanmaanana-me-e asak:
na-me-e) sa K&.BABBAR SE-e sdbim ana ekal: [kan] I will devastate the cities and turn
lim isagqalu the tavern keeper (in) the out- them into steppe ibid. II 25, also ibid. IV 66,
skirts who pays the tavern keeper's silver (and) V 29; see also 4R, in lex. section.
barley to the palace Kraus Edikt § 14' v 5; PN
For En. el. I 22 see nammu.iu.
rdbis na-wi-im TIM 2 8:10; obscure: summa
ina bit ameli ina igdri <u> na-me-e-su birsu F. R. Kraus, RA 70 172ff. (with previous lit-
innamir if in the house of a man a birsuis seen erature).
on the wall and its n. CT 38 27:8, dupl. ibid.
16:79 (SB Alu); [... ]-ru anana-me-e is-se(?)-ni namf A in §a name s.; steppe-dweller,
kullassunu ana darri belini MVAG 21 82 r. 7 nomad; OB lex.*; cf. nam v.
(Kedorlaomer text). [ld].[61.ri.a =- a na-me-e OB Lu A 263.
3. steppe (in contrast to cultivated areas), nami B s.; (a class of persons); MB Ala-
deserted region: ila ina madbari ina na-me-e lakh, RS.
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namt C namii
erin.k .da = na-mu-u = (Hitt.) [ERfN.MES] him (the god) dwell in Sippar-Amnanu
ha-li-ia-a smen of the watch Erimhus Bogh. A ibid. 276 iv 28 (Nbn.).
iii 22.
2. nummi to lay waste, to turn into ruins:
PN LU na-mu-i ihuzsa anaDAM-SU PN, a n.,
akkisma u-nam-ma-a tamirtud
qidatisu ...
married her Syria 18 248:13; pilkama da
I cut down his forests and devastated his
L~.ME na-mu-ti [ina(?)] GN ubbal PN u
commons TCL 3 266 (Sar.); 9-na-am-mi
mdruS PN and his sons will do the service
csretis he turned its (Babylon's) sanctuaries
of the n.-men in GN MRS 6 116 RS 16.148 r.
into ruins VAB 4 270 i 8 (Nbn.); mu-nam-mi
10.
dadmisa (Sargon) who laid waste its (GN's)
For the designation ERIN.MES (or D 'MU. settlements Lyon Sar. 4:22, cf. Craig ABRT 1
MES) na-me-e (also written na-me) in MB 55:11; itta ulammanma mdhd[zi] -nam-me
Alalakh, see Dietrich and Lorctz, WO 5 84ff. I will cause bad omens and turn the cities
into ruins Cagni Erra IIc 42; unnis zimiunu
name C (nama'u) s.; (a kettle); OAkk., 4-na-a-ma manzdssu he (Anu) made them
look weak, he laid waste their abode MVAG
Nuzi(?).
urudu.durx(§EN).sig.ga = na-mu-u Hh. XI
21 88:15 (Kedorlaomer text),
am-ma [...] ibid. 90:23.
cf. u-na-am-ma-
405.
3. II/2 to become waste (passive to
na-ma-u SE kapturru ZID.SE Gelb OAIC 43:3;
mng. 2): mdtum 4-ta-wa the land will be
uncert.: 6 MA.NA 30 GiN siparriana na-mu-a
turned into wasteland RA 38 83:11 (OB ext.).
HSS 15 300:2 (Nuzi).
4. IV to become ruined, to become waste
name (nawd) v.; 1. to be abandoned, to - a) to become ruined: Ebabbar sa ultu
lie in ruins, 2. nummd to lay waste, to turn um rgti ti ina qereb GN in-na-mu-,-ma
into ruins, 3. II/2 to become waste (passive which, inside Sippar, since olden times had
to mng. 2), 4. IV to become ruined, to fallen into ruins VAB 4 142 i 24, also ibid. 76
become waste; OB, SB; I tanammi(?)--nami, iii 10, 98 i 31 (all Nbk.), 236 i 35, cf. sa uSiisu
II, 11/2, IV; cf. namzr A, name A in sa in-na-mu-u RA 22 59:34 (Nbn.), (said of a
name, namutu B, num4. canal) VAB 4 88 No. 8 i 15 (Nbk.).
§a.uru.a.ta nam.ba.lil.e.de : ina libbi dli b) to become waste: nisesu inned massu
la ta-nam-mes(var. -mi-[4u]) (for tunammisu?) do in-nam-mi his (the king's) people will be in
not cause ruin for him in the city CT 16 26 iv 27f. anarchy, his land will become wasteland
(inc.), for var. see Thompson The Devils and Evil
Spirits of Babylonia 1 p. 125. Lambert BWL 112: 1 (advice to a prince).
dingir.re.e.ne si.in.bi.ra.ka zag lil.la For ZA 43 243 (= Malku II) 268f. see itmi.
ba.ni.in.ri : [ill i8]talalu-nam-me ereti he carried
off the gods, he turned the sanctuaries into ruins For BA 5 565 i 12 see mumanng.
CRRA 19 436:24.
[A.RI.A] // na-mu-u // A.RI.A // ha-ra-bu (comm. namu s.; (a word describing the sound of a
on alu namuta illak) CT 41 28 r. 29 (Alu Comm.). bird?); SB.*
1. to be abandoned, to lie in ruins: Sa [umma] surdi ina muhhi dir ali na-a-mi
istu um ull4ti ... bitu la suteSuruma na-ma- GiT.D].MES if falcons cry n. on top of a city
a-tu israssa (see isratu usage b) VAB 4 110 wall CT 39 30:59 (Alu).
iii 18, 142 ii 3; the temple of lamas in Sippar
sa ulldnua na-wu(var. -mu)-u eml tiSarig **nimu (AHw. 729b) see lamu v. mng. 5.
which before my time was (already) in ruins
and had become wasteland ibid. 100 i 28 (all namuggatu see namungatu.
Nbk.); bissu na-mi-ma ina qereb GN Subti
usarmZiuma his temple was in ruins, so he let namnii§ see nam A s. lex. section.
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namulhu namurratu
namulhu s.; (a medicinal plant); plant list.* -A.)-rat Assur ishupsuniitima sepja isbatu
t na-mul-hu, t na-mul-ha-am :
Uruanna II 228-228a; i
i
kur-ka-nu-u
na-mul-hu : j bu-ut-na-
the splendor of Ai§ur overwhelmed them and
they seized my feet (asking for mercy)
nu ibid. 260. 1R 34 iv 12, also AfO 9 102:30 (both Sami-
See kurkand disc. section. Adad V), Iraq 18 126 r. 24 (Tigl. III), Rost Tigl.
III p. 2:4, Lie Sar. 164; Na-mu-ra-sit His-
namullu s.; (a wooden implement); NA. Splendor (personal name) CT 32 34 i 5 (OAkk.),
gis.na.mu.ul.lu.um = ~r-lum, lu-'-tum (fol- etc., see Gelb, MAD 3 193, also TIM 3 34:6 (OB).
lowed by namusu, q.v.) Hh. VI If.; gig.na.mul.
lum = v-ma Hh. V 328 (catch line). 2' beside similar terms expressing numi-
nous qualities: labig na-mur-ra-tiu melam;nu
[... ] x GIS na-mul-li umattahu (in broken (Ninazu) who is clothed with terrifying
context) CT 15 43b: 7 (= Pallis Akitu pl. 7).
splendor and light Or. NS 36 118:45 (hymn to
Gula), cf. ndS qarne eddeti labis na-mur-rat
namundu adv.(?); (mng. unkn.); syn. list.*
(Nergal) the one with pointed horns, who is
na-mu-un-du = i§-t[u x x] Malku III 87. clothed with splendor B6llonriicher Nergal
50:3, tediq melammu na-mur-rat kasir RA 41
namungatu (namuggatu) s.; stiffness,
40:5 and 7; nasi melamme ezzuti labi, na-mur-
tenseness; SB; cf. magdgu.
ra-te who wears the terrible melammi, who
nannaru Sin ukin eligunu na-mu-un-ga-at is clothed with splendor AnOr 12 71:4 (hymn
qabli the luminary Sin brought upon them to Marduk); [... ] melamme ellti halip na-
the paralyzing effect of the battle Tn -Epic mur-ra-ti sa pulhati mald JAOS 88 125 i a 13;
"ii" 28; belu gerebka sa na-mu-ga-ti linuhama [na-mur]-ra-td puluhtu (in broken context)
0 lord, let your heart which (was) tense LKA 73 r. 6, cf. ibid. 7; DN umalla gattaka
relax KAR 128 r. 21 (prayer of Tn.). na-mur-ra-ta (parallel: salummatu, for
translat. see gattu usage a) BMS 21 r. 59.
namurratu (namruratu) s.; numinous
splendor emanating from gods, kings, and b) of the king: eli saddni sa ahat Puratte
things divine and royal; OAkk., OB, SB; na-mu-ra-ti atbuk I poured out my terrifying
cf. namdru v. splendor over the regions on both sides of the
[n]i.gal = na[mrirru], na-[mur-ra-t]u Igituh I Euphrates AKA 352 iii 24 (Asn.), na-mur-rat
95f.; giskim.[x] = [n]a-mu-ra-tum ibid. 25. belutija eli mat Qute rapastiatbuk Iraq 25 54:41
[x.x.bi h]u.luh.ha : galtatma na-mur-rat-su (Shaln. III), also, wr. nam-ru-rat ibid. 35
his (Marduk's) splendor is awe-inspiring JCS 21 and, with var. na-am-ru-rat WO 2 414 iii 3;
129:27.
na-mur-ra-t(var.-ti) = pu-luh-[tu] Izbu Comm. eli ... ar Elamti na-mur-ra-tum(var. -tu)
272, and Izbu Comm. V 272. atbuk OIP 2 35 iii 71 (Senn.); halip na-mur-
ra-ti (vars. na-mur-ra-te,na-mur-ra-a-te) (Sar-
a) of gods - 1' in gen.: zu'unat na-mu- gon) who is enveloped with splendor Lyon Sar.
ra-ti (see zdnu usage b-3') RA 15 175:24 (OB 13:11, 1:7, Winckler Sar. pl. 48:3; labigna-mur-
Agusaja); ittatbak na-mu-ur-ra-tum akin ra-ti Lyon Sar. 20:16, Winckler Sammlung 2 1:9,
uilum terrifying splendor was spread about, Borger Esarh. 81:44, 96:21; Nergal uzzu na-
there was silence RA 46 88:3 (OB Epic of Zu), mur-ra-tum(var. -tu) u salummatu isruka
cf. saqummatu na-da(? )-[d]t(?) na-mur-ra-tut sirikti presented me with fierceness, splendor,
tabkat Ebeling Parfiimrez. pl. 26:10; [n]a-mur- and terror Borger Esarh. 46 ii 36.
rat-ka ezzeti matu sahpat your fierce glare
covers the land Lambert BWL 128:48 (hymn to c) of the king's weapons: issu pan na-
SamaS); na-mur-ra-tu(var.-t~i) Ihurbcud ibiss' mur-rat (var. na-mu-ra-at)kakkja ... edurma
nebritu ... [ana muh]hiunu ittarda terror, he became afraid of the splendor of my
frost, losses, and hunger came upon them weapons AKA 323 ii 78, also, wr. na-mur-at
AnSt 5 102:95 (Cuthean Legend); na-mur(text 237:37, na-mur-ra-at 341 ii 119 (Asn.), also
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namurru namurtu
issu pan na-mur-rat kakkeja danniti iplahma 186-216, 278-284, and AfO 10 34-44, of. also
WO 1 458:34, also 3R 7 i 21, ii 21, 8 ii 32, 48, 76, KAJ 264:1, 265:2, and, wr. na-mu-ur-tu 202:3,
and passim in Shalm. III, 1R 30 ii 44, 32 iv 22 211:3; x sheep na-mur-tu Sa PN ... 10 UDV.
(SamSi-Adad V), Rost Tigl. III p. 44:22, 52:33, NITA.TI.A ... na-mur-tu Sa PN, naphar 15
Streck Asb. 62 vii 53, 196 i 2; na-mur-ra-at UDU.NLITA.HI.A-tu ... sa na-mu-ra-a-te ana
kakkeja ragubbat beiltija eli mat Nairi atbuku RN uqarribuni ana PN3 paqdu AfO 10 30
AKA 241 r. 51 (Asn.). Assur 12758:3, 8, 12, also ibid. 34 No. 55:9,
40 No. 90:10, 41 No. 91:10, etc.; 800 UDU.
d) of other numinous things: kissu istahat
ME sa pdhdte 914 UDU.MES na-mu-ra-a-tu,a
na-mu-ur-ra-as-su the sanctuary divested
RN naphar 1714 [UDU.MES] X sheep from the
itself of its halo RA 46 88:5 (OB Epic of Zu),
provinces, x sheep constituting audience
also, wr. na-mur-rat-s[u] CT 15 39 ii 25 (SB
gifts for RN, total: x sheep AfO 10 41 No.
recension); uzza na-mur-ra-ti (var.na-mur-tum)
95:6; 4 alpe 100 UDU.MES na-mur-tu sa PN
puluht[i] DN u DN2 iSrukunikkimma Ea and
KAJ 282:3; in all x sheep a na-mu-ur-te
Marduk presented you (Divine River) with
KAJ 191:11, 280:7; 7 MA.NA luliu Sa PN ki
fierceness, splendor, and terror STC 1 201:5,
na-mur-te uqarribuni seven minas of anti-
wr. na-mur-turn ibid. 200:5, dupl. KAR 294:13,
mony which PN brought in lieu of an audience
cf. Or. NS 34 130:7 (namburbi); palham
gift KAJ 274:13; two sheep PN mar dipri
zimi na-mu-ra-ta inasu it (the barmu snake)
sa PN2, a na-mur-ta ana muhhi RN nassuni
is of fearsome appearance, its eyes (radiate)
(for) PN, the messenger of (the ruler) PN2,
awesome brightness TIM 9 66:24, dupl. 65:12
who brought the audience gift to RN AfO 10
(OB inc.).
37 No. 70:4.
namurru adj.; of awesome brightness; 2' in RS: na-mu-ur-te-e Sa PN iltaqa he has
OAkk., SB; cf. namaru v. taken the audience gifts of Urtana (consisting
[... d]u.a.bi ni.gal.ak za gi.in.ga.gin.na : of a golden cup, one garment and two hundred
dIM ur an kala il na-mur-ru [...] Adad, the hero shekels of colored wool) MRS 6 14 RS 12.33 r.
among all the gods, who is of awesome brightness 1 (let. of the king of Ugarit to the queen).
[...] KAR 128:40 (prayer of Tn.).
na-mur-ra-ku u urbdku I am brilliant 3' in MA, NA hist. and lit.: na-mur-[t]u

and excellent KAH 2 84:15 (Adn. II); ma'attu sa PN akin mat GN ... amhursu
(LamaStu) na-mur-rat PBS 1/2 113:12, 63, I accepted the bountiful audience gift of PN,
86, RA 18 166:13, ZA 16 170:35, RA 65 173:9, the governor of Suhi (consisting of three
STT 143:2, and passim, also (referring to talents of silver, twenty minas of gold, three
LamaStu) na-mur-ra-[ku] ZA 16 178:14; ivory chests, 18 ingots of tin, furniture of
kakki itesih na-mur-ru-te he girded himself precious wood, garments, oxen, sheep, bread
with the awe-inspiring weapons LKA 63 r. 3; and beer) Scheil Tn. II 69, also ibid. 79, r. 3,
Na-mu-ru-um (personal name) MDP 2 30 xv 6, and 27; Sulmdnate ana ,arri uqtanarrubu
26 (OAkk.). ... iStu na-mu-ra-a-te ana sarri uqarribuni
they present greeting gifts to the king (and)
namurtu (ndnmutu) s.; audience gift, gift; after they have presented (these) audience
MB, RS, MA, SB, NA, NB; pl. namuratu; gifts to the king (they lay down their
wr. syll. ([IGI.DU]u(?) ABL 632 r. 2); cf. insignia) MVAG 41/3 14 iii 7 (MA rit.).
amdru.
b) gift to gods, temples: ina sadar
a) audience gift (MA, NA, RS) - 1' in sattukki .KUR ina niq& sumduli ina igise
MA adm.: x sheep na-mur-tu a PN ... a habsuti ina na-mur-ti mahri DN ina leben
ana RN uqarribuniPN's audience gift which appi Sa ana beli ... palhi iitaqq with
he presented to (King) Ninurta-tukulti-ASSur uninterrupted regular offerings for Ekur,
KAJ 186:2, and passim in this archive, KAJ with large sacrifices, with abundant igisd-
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namurtu namfitu A
offerings, with n.-gifts before Enlil, with (consisting of wine and given to the palace
obeisance, with which he was waiting respect- by the steward) Kinnier Wilson Wine Lists pl.
fully upon the lord Hinke Kudurru ii 9 (Nbk. I); 49 ND 10012+10013:21, 23, 25, 28, 33, see Post-
the goddesses ultu subtisina ina nmakkitu sa gate Taxation 151; the governor of GN ina
na-mur-ti 4arri [itebbi]nimma move from ramanisu na-mur-ta-su ana abika inassa
their daises in the towboat which is the gift used to bring his n.-gift (of horses) to your
of the king RAcc. 100:16, also ibid. 6, 24; father of his own accord ABL 853 r. 1 (NB),
oxen and sheep ana na-mus-[ti] sa MN hiri cf. (horses) ND 2672:16, cited Postgate Taxation
made ready for the gift for the (festival of) 147, ADD 1139 r. 4, (vessels) Iraq 23 30 ND
Nisannu YOS 3 9:38; four sheep ana na- 2461:19, 45 ND 2727:15, 53 ND 2788:18, (in
mu-u$-ti-id hadhdk I need for my gift broken context) ABL 198 r. 19, 466 r. 8, na-mur-
ibid. 26:12, cf. ana na-mu-w-[ti]-id lumhurad: ta-ka ina panisunu mahratuni ABL 1360:3
Suntu ibid. 18 (both NB). (all NA), also silver na-mu-ra-ti ABL 1216: 22f.
(NB).
c) gift given to or by the king at the NA
d) other occs.: send the oxen which you
royal court: palace of Sennacherib, king of
promised anasakin mati luqarribu ina muhhi
Assyria na-mur-tu a RN sar GN uqarribuni
na-fmurl-t[i] ahua la iselli I will present
(this is) the gift which Abiba'al, the king of
them to the governor, and my brother should
Samsimurruna, presented RA 54 157:2 (inscr.
not be neglectful with regard to the gift
on a stone cylinder); (the people of Dilmun)
YOS 3 179:14; GUD sa na-mur-ti sa qipu ana
na-mur-ta-du-nu ubluni itti na-mur-ti-i-nu
GN ibuku GCCI 2 40:2; ahi ina na-mur-tisa
sdbe dikit mdtigunu ... igpuruni brought me
Sarri ... ettir he will pay the rest (of the
their gifts, and together with their gifts they
dates) as a gift to the king YOS 7 38:11 (coll.,
sent me a levy of workmen from their country
all NB).
OIP 2 137f.: 41f., also ibid. 138:48, 50 (Senn.); [8a
IGI.DU]tH a sarribelija ussebilini who brought See also tdmartu.
gifts for the king, my lord ABL 632 r. 2; Postgate Taxation 146ff.
anndta na-mu-ra-ta sa ana gar GN ugbilu
these are the n.-gifts which he (a Babylonian namurtu see nanmurtu.
rebel) sent to the king of Elam AfO 17 8:22, namusu s.; (a wooden implement); lex.*
cf. (ten shekels) na-mur-tu [... ] ana gar mdt
gis.na.mu(var. adds .uz).zum = na-mu-su
Elamti uqtarrib[u] ADD 930 iii 16, see Postgate
(var. (preceded
pu) by namullu, q.v.) Hh. VI 3.
Taxation 146; silver and silver objects
na-mu-ra-a-te sa sarri sa ummi sarri isseni For the phonetic variants namusu and
ittisi the n.-gifts made by the king and the namullu, cf. the similar pairs irgisu and
queen mother, he took (them) away at the irgilu, mac)isu and magillu.
same time ABL 152 r. 7; (garments) naphar namuggitu see namasu and nammuiu.
na-mur-t napharanniu sa ekalli ABL 568:13,
and passim in this text parallel to maddattu; namuu§ u see namdsu and nammusiu.
ina muhhi na-mur-te sa MN sa garru bell namu§tu see namurtu.
ispuranni concerning the n.-gift of the month
of Kanunu about which the king, my lord, namuttu see namutu A.
wrote to me ABL 241:3, also ABL 86:13; namftu A (namuttu, numuttu, nu'itu,
na-mur-tu sa SE.PAD.ME§ a SE.IN.NU ki
natu, nuw'iitu) s.; joke, jest; OA, OB,
abbieunu abi abbesunu iddanuni dunu iddunu MB, MA, SB; cf. epid nu'dti.
they shall give n.-gifts of barley and straw as
their fathers and their grandfathers used to ar.ri - na-mu-tum Izi J i 7; a.tar.di, a.tar.
dug4 .dug 4 , a.tar.ll - MIN (- e-pe-.u) Sa na-
ND 10017:4, cited Postgate Taxation 150; silver mu-ti Nabnitu E 127ff.; ta-ar TAR = Ad AL.TAR
na-mur-tu PN ADD 1047 A i 4', na-mur-tid na-mu-ti A 111/5:154.
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namitu B namzaqu
a.ta.ar.la.e ne.in.kur.du.tu (var. nig. restored from Gray Samas pl. 13 Bu 91-5-9,180:4f..
kiur.dug 4 .dug 4) su.li : .ute5im epe na-mu-tim see OECT 6 p. 95; mud.an.na.[x] bi.[h]a.za.
sihum (is yours, Itar) TIM 9 24:1ff. (OB lit.), e.es cmI.NA.an.na bi.tab : mukil [up]-fpil apsi
for var. in standard spelling see ZA 65 194:159. tameh nam-za-qi sa Anu (lamas) who holds the
lock of the apse, who keeps the key of Anu UVB
nu-wa-i-ta-ma tanappas TCL 14 27:14 15 36:12 (NB rit.).
(OA); summa na-mu-tti ipus CT 51 147 r. 15 nam-za-qu = da-al-tum CT 18 4 r. i 30; nepti,
(physiogn.); i-in-su pi-ik-ru i na-mu-tu uppu, nam-za-qu = mu-.e-lu-u ibid. r. ii 13f.
(among games) RT 19 59 HS 1893:10 (MB);
summa SAL sa ekalli [...] ... lu na-mu-ut-ta a) made of metal: 3 MA.NA 10 ofN sipar;
rum ana nam-za-qi-[i]m RA 64 21 No. 1:6, 25
[...] idukkusunu (obscure) AfO 17 285:92
No. 6:6 (Mari econ.); I MA.NA iskurum ana
(MA harem edicts); [itti epi]s na-mu-ti e tustdmi
do not converse with a jokester Lambert URUDU nam-za-qum sa bit amas epesim
BWL 99:21, cf. sa epis na-mu-ti qalil qaqqassu
two thirds of a mina of wax to cast a bronze
a jokester is not respected ibid. 100:30; key for the temple of Samar VAS 8 103:2; 2
URUDU nam-za-qum UET 5 792:20 (list of house-
for lex. refs. see epiS nu' ti.
hold items); 2 nam-za-qi hurasi two golden
keys (for context see lamassatu mng. 2)
namftu B (naurwtu) s.; desolation, waste-
TCL 3 375 (Sar.), cf. 1 nam-za-qu kaspi
land; SB; cf. nami v.
ibid. p. 80 iv 59 (- Winckler Sar. pl. 45 C 20).
ar-mu-ti, kar-mu-tc, har-bu-tu = na-[mu-tu]
LTBA 2 2:322ff.
b) other occs.: sinnistum nam-za-qa-am
In namita alaku to become desolate, to usessi a woman will bring the key out (to
fall into ruins: Esagil u Babili na-mu-ta an enemy or stranger?) YOS 10 36 iv 2 (OB
illikuma emri kiSubbis Esagil and Babylon ext.); na-[am]-za-qd-am ... M bilam send me
turned into wasteland and became disused the key A 7456:38 (OB let.); summa sinuntu
Borger Esarh. 14 Ep. 7b: 10; dlu na-mu-ta illak inanam-za-qi iqnun if a swallow builds a nest
that city will become wasteland CT 41 28 r. 28 in a lock piece(?) CT 41 2 K.6765:4 (SB Alu);
(Alu Comm.); mdssu usahriba usdlika n[a-mu- may DN, the gatekeeper of the nether world
ta] I devastated his land and let it become lisbat Sigaru nam-za-qi- c-nu hold fast the
wasteland Streck Asb. 280:19; see also CT 38 bolt of their n. KAR 267 r. 14, restored from
2:38, 3R 7 i 38 and 8 ii 52, OIP 2 79:6, cited BMS 53:22; nam-za-aq ill rabiti gimilsunu
alaku mng. 4a (namntu). [...] key of the great gods, [...] their
revenge AnSt 5 104:127 (Cuthean legend);
namzaqu (nanzaqu) s.; key; OB, Mari, duTT TI KA uppa nam-za-qa mu-se-[la-a]
SB; wr. syll. and aIs.Ex(DU6 +DU), NIG.KAK.TI; (without you no god opens the doors of
of. namzaqu in sa namzaqi. heaven) KAR 7:5; na-an-za-aq uppi u sik=
katu [...] Lambert BWL 196 VAT 10349:5
gi .a1. a = na-am-za-qum, i-si li-ti-ik-tum Kagal
(fable).
E Section 3:71f.; gis.ex, [gi]i.kak.su = na-am-
za-qum ibid. 73f.; [gig]. = nam-za-qum AO 5401
i 8 (Kagal); gi.nig.kak.ti - nam-za-qu Hh. V c) sikkat namzaqi: summa URUDU.KAK
288; gi. ex = up-pu, nam-za-qu, mu-9e-lu-u NIG.KAK.TI a bit IStar iskil if the peg of the
Hh. V 290ff.; urudu.nam.za.qum, urudu. key of the temple of IMtar gets stuck CT 40
kak.sur MSL 7 226:194 and 195, [urudu.kak. 12:7, and passim in the following lines (SB Alu),
nam].za.qum ibid. 194a (Forerunners to Hh. XI),
urudu.nam.z[a.qum] ibid. 158 r. i 3; giL.kak.
cf. [summa] ina bit ameli <<DUG
GIS.KAK
nig.kak.ti = sik-kdt MIN (= nam-za-qu) Hh. V nam-za-qi issa<na>kkil Or. NS 40 134:7 (nam-
289; gis.8t+A.galam.ma = MIN (- li-it-tum) burbi), also UTRUDU.KAK NIG.KAK.TI CT 39 50
nam-za-qit(var. -qu) Hh. IV 136. K.957 r. 13 and KAR 407 ii 2 (Alu catalog); [. . . ]
gis.si.gar an.kh.ga.ta gil.kak.nig.kak.ti
uppi sikkata nam-za-qi(vars. -qu, GlS.KAK
te.gA.da.zu.de : ina digar am elliti sikkat
nam-za-qi ina §iilika when you lift the peg of the GIS.Ex) askutta Lambert BWL 136:183 (hymn
n. from the bar of the holy heavens 4R 17:5f., to Samas), see also 4R 17, in lex. section.
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namzaqu namzitu
The namzaqu seems to be an instrument fine beer 82-7-14,2243:4; bit DUG nam-za-tum
that opens the door by lifting (uild) a peg 82-7-14,64:21; nad dullu 9a nam-zi-tum
(sikkatu) which prevents the bar from neglecting the work of brewing (lit., of the
moving. fermenting vat) AJSL 27 215 RCT 9:3, of.
naphar x PN ana nam-zi-tum in all, x (gur
namzaqu in §a namzaqi s.; person in of barley) to PN for brewing 82-7-14,2043 r. 6;
charge of keys; lex.*; cf. namzaqu. barley rations for PN sa ina muhhi nam-za-
lu.e, 16.nig.kak.ti =- a nam-za-qi Lu II 9f.; a-tu who is in charge of the vats (i.e., of the
u1.giL.e, hl.nig.kak.thm = Sd nam-za-[qi] brewery) BIN 2 133:56; irbi sa babi ana
Lu IV 106f. nam-zi-tum ana PN nadin (dates) income
from the gate, given to PN for brewing
namzitu (nanzitu, nazzitu) s.; fermenting 82-7-14,850:2; 40 DUG dannitu requtu adi
vat; from OAkk., OB on, Akkadogram in sitta nam-za-a-ta u sitta namharata forty
Hitt.; pl. namziatu, namzdtu; wr. syll. and empty vats together with two fermenting
DUG.NIG.DUR.BUR; cf. maze V.
vats and two namharu vessels Moldenke 1
gak-kul U+ MUN = kakkullu, nam-zi-tum Sb II 14:2, and passim in lists of household items, e.g.,
165f., also A VIII/2: 132f.; [gak-kul] [DUG.U+ MUN] Nbn. 258:12, 16, 787:13, Cyr. 183:18, 355:7, Nbk.
= [kak]kul[lu], [nam]-zi-t[u] Diri V 259f.; dug.
gakkul = Icak-kul-lum, nam-zi-tum (var. na-an-
441:7, VAS 6 246:11, 314:4, BE 8 123:6; 2 GiN
zi-[tum]), dug.[ni-ig]-du-ur-bur nig.ddr.bur = MIN idi sa PN sa nam-za-ti i-nam-du-l two
Hh. X 211ff.; dug.BIR.si.sa = -u (= lamsisd) shekels rent of PN who .... the fermenting
= nam-zi-tum // nam-ha-ru Hg. A II 69, in MSL 7 vats 82-7-14,1285:12; note n.-s made of silver
110; g i. gakkul = kak-kul-lum, na-zi-tu Hh. VII
for use in the temple: 4 nam-za-a-tu kaspi
A 108f.; [dug.na]m.tar = MIN (= nam-zi-tum)
Hh. X 212a; [gis.gan.nu.gu.la] = MIN (= [kan]- sa birit siddi four silver fermenting vats for
nu) ni-sa-an-ni = MIN (= gan-gan-nu) d nam-zi-ti (the ceremony) between the curtains YOS 6
Hg. B II 82, in MSL 6 110. 62:6, also ibid. 192:9, 23, 189:13, wr. nam-zi-
[dug.gakkul].a.ni na 4 .za.gin.duru 5 : nam- tum.MES YOS 7 185:10, 22 (all NB); note as
zi-is-sa uqnu e[bb]i her fermenting vat is (of) bright
lapis lazuli CT 15 41:28 (Lugalbanda).
Akkadogram in Hitt.: A-NA DUG.NAM-zr-TI-
ia BULUG AL.GAZ KUB 1 13 ii 27, see Kam-
a) in econ.: na-am-zi-t [um] MAD 1 274:4 menhuber Hippologica Hethitica p. 60.
(OAkk.); GIS na-am-zi-ta-am namhara u
pursiarm a sikarim ... liter (see namharu b) in rit.: Istar ummidi q#tki ina kanni u
mng. Id) TCL 18 86:20 (OB let.); 1 DUG na- nam-zi-ti 0 Istar, place your hand on the
am-zi-tum A 32064:10, also TCL 11 248:9; stand and the vat ZA 32 172:35, dupl. KAR
2 DUG nam-zi-tum (among other vessels) 144:21 (inc.), cf. ina muhhi DUG.NIG.DoR.BYR
Frank Strassburger Keilschrifttexte 38 r. 1 (all OB); qdssu ummadma AfO 12 43 r. 14, also 16 (rit.);
4 nam-zi-tum a 12 GUR.AM 6 DUG nartabu 20 ana bit sabi irrubma kannam u [DU]G nam-
namharu sa 1 BA.AN.AM four fermenting vats zi-tam ilappatma he enters the tavern and
of 1 gur capacity each, six nartabucontainers, touches the stand and the vat Or. NS 40
twenty namharu vessels of one seali ca- 143:24, also, wr. DUG nam-zi-ti LKA 111 r. 7,
pacity each ARMT 12 743:14, also 744:6; DUG.NiG.DUR.BURx(SU) Or. NS 36 23:9 (all nam-
nam(var. na)-zi-a-te siparri (among other
bronze vessels taken as booty) AKA 318 ii 67
(Asn.); 1 na-zi-t? URUDU 5 siLA one fer- Labat Calendrier § 59:2;
E-ka
burbis), also kanna u nam-z[i-ta] KUB 4 17:13;
bit kanni piti na[m-zi-ta ... ] mulli
11 MA.NA 9 GfN
menting vat made of copper, (holding) five KI.LAL nam-zi-[ti] (in a list of bronze objects)
silas ADD 964 r. 10 (NA); 6.TA nam-zi-tum 2 PBS 2/2 93:4 (MB); Si nam-zi-tum ,ikara
namhari (for preparing beer, see namlaru) la-as-su-ulh I will remove(?) the beer from
BE 9 43:4, also 9, cf. ud6 sa dullu sirai2tu the fermenting vat Kiichler Beitr. pi. 4 iii 60
... 5 nam-zi-ti BRM 1 92:7; 2-ta nam-za-a- (inc.); sa DUG nam-zi-ti maqit purussu the
tum sa KAS.SA[G] two fermenting vats for stopper of the fermenting vat has fallen out
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**namzfi(m) naniqu
Th. 1905-4-9,90 (- BM 98589) ii 6, 12, cf. ibid. 22 furious (inscr. on a Pazuzu head) AfO 17 358:14,
(SB inc. against diarrhea), in Bezold Cat. Supp. pl. var. from Forschungen und Berichte 12 47:3;
4 No. 500; DUG nam-zi-ti (in broken context) mittu sa ina pan kakki na-an-du-ru (var. na-
BBR No. 70:11 (rit.), also van Driel Cult of Assur an-dir) teb4 (addressing Sirius) KAR 76:17,
200:16, cf. also (in broken context) BA 1011 107 var. from Iraq 7 110 No. 38:6, also, wr. na-<an>-
No. 25:3, of. DUG.NIG.DR.BiTR NU AL. du-ru Iraq 12 197:6, na-an-duru5 BM 103058:6
SEG6 .GA (on a stand) Kocher BAM 323:9, of. (unpub., courtesy I. L. Finkel); na-an-dur-tu
ibid. 10. qa-fball-ka lirta'ubma may your fierce battle
rise to angry heights RA 46 28:8, dupl. STT
c) other occs.: [summa P1§.SAL] ina
21:8 (SB Epic of Zu); t~sama nakratina-an-du-
DUG.NIG.DUR.BUR U.TU if a mouse gives
ur-ti mati indeed, my land is savage and
birth in a fermenting vat CT 40 29 K.7156: 11
hostile Lambert BWL 34:83 (Ludlul I); L15(?)
(SB Alu); NAM-ZI-TUM SA KU.GI a golden
a-ru-um-ma ana napti ana sade na-an-du-
fermenting vat KUB 17 3 r. iii 10 (Gilg.), see
ru-ti MIN (= erubu) the .... entered the for-
Friedrich, ZA 39 22.
bidding mountains to save their lives STT 43
Civil, Studies Oppenheim 82ff. r. 45, see Lambert, AnSt 11 150.
**namzfi(m) (AHw. 731a) The form na-a-du-ru in [an]a tirik kakkeja

na-a-du-ru ana sa-LiL ni-e-x Lambert BWL
The geographical names Namzium (ZA 51 192:22 seems to belong to addru A.
74) and Namzdm in IGI.4.GAL ina Nam-zi-im
ana KAS GIN LU.HUtN.GA istu Nam-zi ana GN nanduru B adj.; interlocked, embracing
(expense account of an overland journey) each other; SB; cf. ederu.
UET 5 685:16, 18, are probably identical to [summa] ... 2 kakkic na-an-du-ru-ti(var.
Nemzium, see Sollberger, JCS 10 21. -turn) saknu if there are two interlocked
"weapon-marks" CT 31 50:12, var. from ibid.
nanahu see ananihu. 15, 17, also KAR 423 r. i 33, CT 41 42:9, 14,
VAB 4 286 xi 13 (Nbn.) (all ext.).
nanbfi s.; (mng. unkn.); lex.*
MA.d-ibDIB - na-an-bu-u BRM 4 33 r. i 37 nanduru see na'duru.
(group voc.).
nangaru see naggdru.
nandalu see namdalu.
nangigu see naggigu.
nanduru A (fem. nandurtu) adj.; raging, nangulu see nankulu.
furious; SB; cf. naddru.
nanhastu see namhastu.
na-ad-ru, na-al-bu-bu, na-an-du-ru = e-gu-u
Malku I 75-76a.
nanhuzu adj.; flaring, burning; SB; cf.
DN gasrdta na-an-du-ra-ta you, Girra, are ahdzu.
fierce, you are furious KAR 267:10, also
gig.tir.tir.ra izi.gar sum.ma.me :
ibid. 27, dupl. LKA 85 r. 31 and 33, cf. Girragag:
ina qiSti [...] na-an-hu-z[u(-tu)sunu] in the
ru imu na-an-du-ru Maqlu II 126, IX 32; imu
forests they are the incendiary torches
na-an-du-ru (said of A§iur) Winckler Samm-
KAR 24:23, see AfO 16 296; for refs. in the
lung 2 1:7 (Sar., Charter of Assur), cf. (ASSur?)
na-an-du-ru ez-[zu] K.9580:5; tabnit LagaS stative, see ahazu mng. 1lb.
na-an-du-ru RT 19 61 No. 2:9; idkd anantu nanihu see ananihu.
na-an-dur-tutuqutta igri (see anantu usage c)
STT 22:33, dupl. CT 46 38 i 33 (SB Epic of Zu),
naniqu s.; (a plant); plant list.*
see RA 48 147; ASru ezzu Sa tebAu na-an-du-ru r na-ni-qu : t ka-lu-u Uruanna II 93.
(var. E5-du-ru) raging storm whose attack is Thompson DAB 317f.
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nankulu nannabu
nankulu s.; (name of a constellation); SB.* him, his name, his descendants, his offspring, his
family, and his progeny to disappear from mention
(the planet) TA MUL na-an-ku-lum IGI-ru by all the multitudes of people 4R 12 r. 31ff.
LBAT 1575:13. na-an-na-bu - MIN (- pi-ir-hu) CT 18 2 iii 18;
[na-an-na-bu - ze-rum Explicit Malku I 326, also
as a name for the planet
dNIN.GUL.TI
Malku I 159; [n]a-na-bi(var.-bu) - in-bu Malku II
Venus in dNin-gul-ti ana masse CT 26 42 i 143, var. from CT 18 2 iii 8.
2, restored from CT 34 13 obv.(!) 16, also, wr.
a) in hist. and kudurrus: the great gods
dNig-gul-ti K.2202:12, with comm. dNin-gul-
isissu lissuhu lihalliqu <zerasu> piri'du li-is-
ti dDil-bat VAT 9427:61f., see Weidner, AfO 19
su-x lisll na-an-nab-su shall uproot him,
106, is probably a Sum. name, cf. MUL.NIN.
destroy <his seed>, tear out his offspring,
GUL.AN.NA MUL Dil-bat ina ITI.BAR Nin.
remove his progeny BBSt. No. 8 iii 30; sumsu
GUL.an.na is (the name of) Dilbat in
zerasu piri'su na-an-nab-4u ina pi nise dedsti
Nisannu LBAT 1564:1.
lihalliqu BBSt. No. 7 ii 38, UET 1 165 ii 22
nanmurtu (namurtu) s.; 1. confrontation, (all NB kudurrus), BBSt. No. 9 ii 17, No. 29 iii
2. heliacal rising; OB, SB; cf. amaru. 15 (NB), also YOS 1 43:16 and dupl. YOS 9
82:15 (A sur-etel-ilani), Lehmann-Haupt Samas-
d[Mu] .mu = dSin Sd na-mur-te CT 24 39 xi
sumukin pl. 6:32, and (in broken context) Streck
18.
Asb. 386:46 (Sin-gar-iskun), na-an-nanab-u
1. confrontation (of armies): sabi u sabi lihalliq YOS 9 80:27 (Sin-sar-iskun?); na-an-
nak[r]im [innam]marumatdhazam [ul]a ippes nab-sd ina naphar mdtati lihalliqu OIP
su na-an-mu-ur-tum sumsu my troops and 2 139:71 (Senn.);sumsu zerasu piri'4u na-
the enemy's troops will meet each other but an-nab-4v ina pi nice luseil Weissbach
will not fight - this is called a confrontation Misc. No. 4 iii 9 (gamas-re-uur), OIP 2 147:39,
RA 61 29:52; na-an-mu-ur-tum (entire apod- 148:29 (Senn.); na-sir zeri sumdul na-an-
osis) ibid. 24:18, YOS 10 53:14, 22 (both na-bi (may they decree) the protection of
OB ext.); ina harrdnim na-an-mu-ur-tu-um (my) offspring, the increase of (my) progeny
CT 3 3:36 (OB oil omens); summa kulbdbu ina BiOr 21 147 Ep. 39 E v 8 (Esarh.), cf. pir'i u na-
sigi na-an-mur-ta-su-nuim'ida KAR 377 r. an-na-bi (in broken context) Borger Esarh. 67
31 (SB Alu); an-na-an-mur-ti-ni-ma sa qabli Nin. H 3; sum[di]l na-an-na-bi increase my
den berini lu-'-x as for our confrontation in progeny JCS 19 77:36, cf. KAV 171:12 (Sin-sar.
battle, I will .... the case between us iskun), also VAB 4 84 No. 6 ii 15, 204 No. 43:14;
Tn.-Epic "iv" 13. [zeri] lusandil [na]-an-na-bilurappiS VAB 4
194:29 (all Nbk.).
2. heliacal rising: ina MN arah na-an-
mur-ti kakkab qasti in the month of Abu, the b) in NA, NB letters: na-an-nab-s4
month of the heliacal rising of the Bow star uselli I will remove his progeny ABL 292 r. 1
(= Sirius) Piepkorn Asb. 64 v 15, also Streck (NB let. of Asb.); may Assur and the great
Asb. 190:7; ana latak bibli u na-an-mur-ti gods sumu zeru pir'u lillidu na-na-bu 4a
inbi bel [arhi] in order to check (the compu- sarri ... lupahhiru gather the name, the
tations) for the new moon days and the seed, the descendants, the offspring, and the
neomenia of the "Fruit," the lord of the progeny of the king ABL 358 r. 19 (NA).
month Bab. 4 112:65, see Oppenheim, JNES 33
c) in lit.: hulliq mare kimtu nisitu u
200, see also CT 24 39, in lex. section.
sallatu dumsu zeraSu piri'du na-an-nab-di da
nannabu s.; progeny, offspring; PN KAR 373:5, see Ebeling, Or. NS 20 169;
OB(?),
MB, SB, NA, NB. DN na-an-nab-4u ina pi nie lueli KAR 252
iv 51, see Hunger Kolophone No. 236; aj ibli
e.ne mu.ni numun.a.ni GULm.sA.bi im.ri.
a.bi f li.li.a.bi ka un.lu.a.bi ugu a.ba.ni.
piri'4u na-an-nab-4 there shall be no
in.d6 : Sduu umbu zEraSu piri'4u kimtaSu na-an- offspring and no progeny for him STT 38
nab-4 ina pi ni4~ dedti lihalliq may (Enlil) cause iv 8, see Hunger Kolophone No. 354; Zrs
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nannari nannaru A
panitu ... zeruu lirappigma lisam'ida na- [d]UD.SAR, d] mamn, [dm6].gur = Na-an-
an-nab-su may DN increase his offspring, n[a-ru] KAV 51:22ff. (list of gods), cf. MA.GUR 8 =
dIES.KI-ru STC 2 pl. 49:17 (comm. on Enima Anu
make his progeny numerous Pinches Texts Enlil I).
in Bab. Wedge-writing p. 16 No. 4 r. 5 (acrostic
hymn); simat nise lirsd na-an-na-bu kisitti a) as epithet of Sin - 1' nannar same:
let him have progeny and descendants, as it dSin na-an-na-ru-ui same [...] Sin, n. of
is decreed for people JAOS 88 130:10 (acrostic heaven RA 32 181:31 (OB prayer); dSin dSES.
hymn to Marduk). KI same 5R 33 viii 3 (Agum-kakrime), cf. Lyon
In [uh]tannamu elusaa [x]-na-bu masrahu Sar. 9:57; dSin na-an-narsame elliti BBSt.
dusupu kuzbu (see handmu) VAS 10 215:6 No. 7 ii 16, dSin dSES.KI-ri sam u erseti Unger
(OB hymn to Nana), see von Soden, ZA 44 32, Bel-harran-beli-ussur 6, dSin dSES.KI-na-ra a.
a restoration [ha]-na-bu is as likely as [na]- me u erseti VAS 1 70 v 9, wr. dSin UD.SAR
na-bu. same u erseti BE 1/2 149 iii 6, cf. dSin na-an-
na-ru sa same AfO 23 3 iii 1 (MB kudurru),
nannari3 adv.; like the (new) moon; SB; dSin na-an-na-ru same u erseti ABL 1105 r.
wr. syll. and dSES.KI with phon. complement; 11, also Wiseman Treaties 419, and passim in curs-
cf. nannaruA. es and blessings; ina ... arah Sin na-an-ndr
jame u erseti atkil ana purussi dSES.KI-ri
ultu gereb Ezida ina sdt mnii ustapd na-an-
na-ri-iA (NabU^) shines forth from Ezida namri in the month of Sin, the n. of heaven
during the night like the moon SBH p. 145 and earth, I trusted in the decision of the
brilliant n. Piepkorn Asb. 66 v 78f.; sa ...
No. VIII i 16; nerebdina dsEs.Ki-ri-es uaahli
age beliti ipirus na-an-n&r same dSin whom
I made their entrances as bright as the moon
Lyon Sar. 24:29. Sin, the n. of heaven, had crowned with the
tiara of rulership Bohl Leiden Coll. 3 34:5 (Sin-
*nannartu see nannaru A. sar-iskun); d <Sin> na-nar same erseti 3R 7:2
(Shalm. III), emended from Syria 10 197:6,
nannaru A (fem. *nannartu) s.; luminary, see Schramm Einleitung 71; ana Sin na-an-nar
light (as poetic term, an epithet of the moon same [u erseti] Perry Sin No. 6: 1; na-nar
god and I tar); OB, Bogh., MB, SB; wr. syll. same bel matdti -- n. of heaven, lord of all
and (d)SES.KI, UD.SAR; cf. nannarig. lands ibid. No. 5a: 11, also Kocher BAM 244:69,
sag.zi ka.silim.ma g' mAma-qu-rugurs.ra. dSin na-an-n[a-ar... ] KBo 9 45:3 (lit.), cf. Iraq
kex(KID) zag.gA.na ba.ni.in.gar : age taa4 31 31:58; dSin dSES.KI-na-ru ame STT 57:57;
rihtu Sa kgma reA d§E§.Ic-ri ina qaqqadiSa uktin
(see makurrulex. section) TCL 6 51 r. 37f.; ma.ra
bUlu sarru dsES.KI same ell[iti] (incipit of a
UD.SAR.ra mu.un.na.gub.ba : Sa jdAi (var. song) BBR No. 62:11, wr. na-an-nar AfO 11
adds abi) na-an-na-ri ul[zizanni] SBH p. 98 No. 361:11 (tamitu concerning an eclipse); Mars
53:29f., var. from Delitzsch AL8 p. 135:29f.; duk belu rabi u dSin na-an-na-ri same u
dNanna UD.SAR.an.ki.a : dSin na-an-nar fame erseti izzizzu kilalldn both Marduk, the
u erseti Sin, n. of heaven and earth Weissbach
Misc. No. 13:31f.; dumu.ku.UD.SAR.dEN.ZU.na great lord, and Sin, the n. of heaven and
an-na-ri dSin9a
an.na su.mu.ug.ga.bi gig.ga : mar rube na-
ina 6ame mar.i4 i'-ad-ru son of
the prince Sin, the n., who became eclipsed in the
earth, stood (before me in my dream)
VAB 4 218 i 18, also ibid. 220 i 34 (Nbn.); dSin
dSES.KI-a-rd ame u erseti UET 1 307 i 3 (Cyr.);
sky as an evil (portent) CT 16 20:136f., ef. ibid.
21:148f., 184f., dumu nun.gal d§E.KI dEN.ZU :
note wr. UD.SAR: dSin UD.SAR same rabiti
mar rube rab4 na-an-na-ru dMIN 5R 52 i 23f.; Kocher BAM 323:99; dSin UD.SAR same sadda
UD.SAB.gibil.ginx(oaM) sag.bi su.lim gur.ru.a ana nii ul i--ag-ga-[x] (see saddu usage b-1')
: kzma na-an-na-ri edde4 ina reiSu 4alum[mata KAR 26:19.
naSd] (the king who) like the ever-renewing n.
wears brilliance on his head CT 16 21:187f.; dub.
sag.ta UD.SAr dEN.ZJ.na lr.bi ba.an.dib.
2' other occs.: dEs.KI-rU (var. [kakk]abu)
bi.eg : ina mahar aE .KI-ri dSin ezzi iltanammi utepd mWia iqtipa he made the luminary
(see ezzii usage a) CT 16 20:73 f. (var. his star) shine forth (in the heavens),
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nannaru B nanzazu
entrusted to it the night En. el. V 12; s.bitat moon god, its body is speckled red and white
abbiti ana na-an-nar ill (Ningal) who inter- CT 40 49:41 (SB Alu), dupl. K.14273:3 (courtesy
cedes before the n. of the gods Streck Asb. E. Leichty).
288:7; na-an-na-ra-am-madSin uqa'd they nannfi s.; order, command; OB, SB.
wait for the n. Sin KAR 19 obv.(!) 10, cf. na-
an-na-ru dSin Tn.-Epic "ii" 28; dipar na-an- lu basima na-an-nu-uS-u let it be at his
na-dr dSin KAR 22 r. 9; dSin na-an-na-ru command En. el. VI 132; na-an-nu(var. -ni)-
dsib same elliti 1R 70 iii 18; dSin dSES.KI us-su-un la muSpelu attakil I trusted in their
namru mudammiq ittdtija Sin, the bright n., command which cannot be changed Lyon
who provides favorable portents for me Sar. 9:56; na-nu-uk-ki at your command (in
Borger Esarh. 96:5; usallimu qibit dSin dSES. broken context) VAS 10 215 r. 12 (OB hymn to
KI-ri they (the other gods) fulfilled the Nana).
command of the n. Sin AnSt 8 58:29 (Nbn.); nansitu see nemsetu.
dSin dSES.KI-r (var. UD.SAR) pilg [...]
Sin, brilliant n. BMS 1:1, var. from Perry nansu see nams.
Sin 30 No. 7:1, also cited BBR No. 26 iii 53, cf. nansabu see nassabu.
dES.KI-r dSin Kocher BAM 248 iii 23, cf.
also be-lum UD.SAR (var. na-an-na-ru) kullatu nanahuf (nanSu4u) s.; (an iron tool); NB.*
biniti LKA 25 ii 17 and dupls., see JNES 33 1 MA.NA parzillu 1 na-an-sd-hu-u 1 has
295:1, Mayer Gebetsbeschworungen 530 r. 7, see sinnu PN nappdhu mahir PN, the blacksmith,
also Borger, AfO 23 11. has received x minas of iron (to manufacture)
one n. (and) one ax GCCI 1 132:2; 3 na-an-
b) as epithet of Istar: attima na-an-na-rat
su-hu [...] (in list of utensils of the Samas
(var. na-an-na-ra-at)same u erseti mdrat Sin
temple in Sippar) Nbn. 558:11.
qaritti you (Istar) are the luminary of
heaven and earth, warlike daughter of Sin nantihu see nassihu.
STC 2 pl. 75:5, var. from KUB 37 36:8, cf.
dsES.KI-ra-ti (addressing Istar) KAR 42 r. 21;
nan§u s.; lever (of a loom); NB; cf. nadL v.
na-na-rat same telitu Istar - n. of heaven, gis.il.l1i - na-an-Su-u (vars. maA-4u-u, [maa-
wise(?) Istar Biggs gaziga 28:25. Ju-ul) Hh. V 314.
iSten na-an-f~ul-u (in list of utensils)
c) other occs.: ana Samsuilina ...
TuM 2-3 249:6.
tusatlimsum samsa(?) ki na-an-na-a-ri-im
she (Nana) granted the sun(?) to RN as nanuhu see nansahi.
luminary(?) VAS 10 215 r. 24 (OB hymn); na-
nantallfi see attal4.
an-na-ri-i-sa ilaqqisim (the gods) borrow
her (Istar's) n. from her RA 22 173:31 (OB nanzaqu see namzaqu.
hymn to Istar); you Girru dSES.KI-ra-ta (var.
[na-an]-na-ra-ta)nabi sumka Maqlu II 20, see nanzazu s.; 1. person standing in atten-
AfO 21 72. dance, attendant, courtier, 2. station,
position; SB; pl. nanzazil; cf. uzuzzu.
The etymology of the word is unknown;
gidim.sig 5 .ga dingir inim.ma.mu sag.
its form and meaning may have arisen from an.na gub.bu.de : Sdu damqa ilu muitama na-
or been influenced by Sum. Nanna as name an-za-za mahrija the good protective deity, the
of the moon god on the one hand, and Akk. eloquent god, who is standing in front of me (as
namdru, niru on the other. attendant) RA 12 75:45f.; 8*.min.na.bi.9
an.ti.bal diri.ga.zu sunx(BnR).na.bi h6.en.
bal.bal.e : idassunu SaliA littakkir aq4 na-an-
nannaru B s.; (a bird); SB.* za-az-ki may your (Venus') high position relative
to them (the gods) alternate (between east and west)
summa na-an-na-ru issir dSin zumursu in a triumphant fashion TCL 6 51 r. 15f. (Exal-
sma u pIlsa bullul if a n.-bird, a bird of the tation of Istar), see RA 11 149:33.
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nanzazu napadu
1. person standing in attendance, atten- nanziqu see *nazziqu.
dant, courtier - a) person standing in
attendance (with mahar): PN ibir belisu nanziru see nazziru.
na-an-za-az mah-har Sarri the friend of his
master, he who stands before the king nanzitu see namzitu.
Hinke Kudurru ii 18 (Nbk. I); PN na-an-za-az
mahrisu the one who stands in service before napadit (nabddis) adv.; (mng. unkn.); SB.
him (Nabu) JAOS 88 126 i b 12, also ibid. 127 Pa-a-pa-a-aLal-lu-uk-na-a-a [kal]be tarbit
ii b 7 (SB lit.). ekallija ana GN idbubu [na]-pa-di-is ultu
b) attendant, courtier: ilu sarru kabtu asrisunuassuhasunitima the people of Papa
rubti tir na-an-za-zu u bab ekalli ittisu and Lallukna, dogs brought up in my palace,
usaskinu (see babu A mng. lb-2'b') 4R 55 conspired .... -ly with the land Kakme, so
No. 2:4, of. ibid. 7, 10, 21, cf. tira na-an-za-zi I deported them from their place of residence
[u b]db ekalli ittisu tubbi UET 7 121 i 22f. (rit.); Lie Sar. 77, cf. sa ana Kakme idbubu na-ba-
[ti]ru u na-an-za-zi(vars. -zu, -za) liqb di-is Lyon Sar. 1:28.
damiqti may the courtier and the (royal)
attendant say good things (about me) napadu s.; (mng. uncert.); OAkk., OB'
KAR 59:15, vars. from BMS 9:15, PBS 1/2 108:14, Mari, MB; cf. pddu.
see Ebeling Handerhebung 64, also AfO 14 142:11,
1 na-ba-tum (with a check mark after the
for parallels, see manzazu usage a; ina pan tiri
ba) Gelb OAIC 33 i 13 (inv.); 62 GIS na-ba-tum
u na-an-za-z[i ... ] Lambert BWL 288
SU BE 3 77:3 (Ur III inv.); GIS na-pa-di sa
K.2765:15; na-an-za-zu(var. -zi) taslitu usta
taskarinni naggdri ana epesim [u]stasbit [u
naddanu elija the courtiers plan .... against
a]sum GIs na-pa-di-im [9a mes]eti sa beli
me Lambert BWL 32:57 (Ludlul I).
ispuram [ana] talbis na-pa-di lu usdm [lu
2. station, position - a) of gods: when GI . . ] ina qdtija [ul] ibassima [1] nagappam
]
Anu, Enlil, and Ea created heaven and earth [la]bsam sa salmim [an]a talbis [G]Is na-pa-ad
and ukinnu na-an-za-za established the meseti [lu-u]t(?)-te-eh I commissioned the
positions (of the constellations, beside giss carpenters to make n.-s of boxwood, and, as
gallu, q.v.) AfO 17 89:3; see also TCL 6, in for the n. for the .... regarding which my
lex. section; i-ni-li atar na-az-za-zu-us her lord wrote, there is neither ebony nor [...]-
(Istar's) position is pre-eminent among the wood available for overlaying the n.-s, I will
gods RA 22 170:25 and 27; Nand suppia su- .... one overlaid nagappu from(?) a statue
ub-ba (for supd?) na-az-za-as-[s&] pray to for overlaying the n. of the .... ARMT 13
Nana, proclaim her position VAS 10 215:2, see 11:15, 18, 20, 26; ina na-pa-ad GI§.KU(not
von Soden, ZA 44 32f.; sihadku na-an-za-za TUG).HI.A a kirim sa GN sa saddaqdim
I am prominent in station Or. NS 36 116:3 akkisamma ana PN apqidu 30 GIc na-pa-ad
and 120:63 (SB hymn to Gula); my statue ukin GIS.KU.HI.A damqiitim usqamma £Sbilam select
na-an-za-sun I set up in their (the gods') and send me thirty fine n.-s ofboxwood(?) from
presence Thompson Esarh. pl. 16 iv 3 (Asb.); the n.-s of the box(?) trees from the orchard
ilani mala ina muhhi nari anni sursudu na- in Habhar which I cut down last year and
an-za-zu the gods, as many as have firmly left in PN's custody A 3533:13, 20 (OB let.,
placed emblems on this stela VAS 1 36 vi 3 courtesy R. F. G. Sweet); [x] GIS [nal-pa-dusa
(NB kudurru). SU [... ] BE 14 163:36 (MB inv.); 1 na-pa-du
b) other occ.: tarda nasha tur-ru na-an- uSd one n. made of ebony EA 13:27 (MB
za-zu qdtukka [paqdu] it is entrusted to you royal).
(Nabi) to return the exiled and the uprooted Since in NB pddu refers to fastening the
to (his) station STT 71:31. blade of a tool to its haft, napadu may
See also manzazu, manzazu, and muzzazu. designate a peg or clasp.
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napadu napahu
napadu v.; (mng. unkn.); lex.*; I, II; A 11/6 ii 30; kur - na-pa-hu Igituh I 413,
cf. nipdu. Nabnitu XXIII b 1; [ku-ur] [KUR] = na-pa-hu
VAT 10237 iii 5 (text similar to Idu); kur, SAR =
ku-ud KUD = na-pa-du A III/5:81; KUL nana-pa-hu Igituh short version 48f.; e =; na-pa-hu
pa-du Izi E 245b; KU = na-pa-du, nu-pu-du Diri I 151, also A 111/3:147; si-i si - na-pa-hu
MSL 9 128:185f. (Proto-Aa). A III/4:170; [LA] - na-pa-hu-[um] MSL 14 132
No. 12 i 8 (Proto-Aa); KAXIM.dug 4 .ga, KAX§E.
napagu v.; to sink, to disappear, to hide; dug 4 .ga - na-pa-hu CT 51 168 iii 26f. (Group Voc.
MB; I (only inf. attested). A); ka-ra GAN-ten2 = na-pa-hu a A.ME Ea IV 299;
na-pa-a-gu-umGIR.GIR5 Proto-Izi I 433; gi-ig-ri kar. kAr = MIN (= n[a-pa-hu]) Sa x-[...] Nabnitu
GIR 5 .GIR = na-pa-gu Diri II 45; ki-ik-ri GIR 5 .GIRn XXIII b 2; ba-arNE = na-pa-hu-[um] Proto-Izi I
5
Bil. Section A 8; [ba-ra] [NE] = [na]-pa-hu-um
= na-[pa-gu] KBo 1 48 ii 14 (Diri Bogh. II);
GIRg'ri-gi-[ri- ] GIR 5 = tebu, na-pa-gu, Jalu MSL 2 141 C r. i 23 (Proto-Ea); biNE = na-pa-hu
Lu
Excerpt II 70ff.; gir 5 .gir 5 .ri.a(var. .a.ri.a) = [ad NE] Antagal C 260; -ziNE = n[a-pa-hu] Ad i-Ad-
t[i] Nabnitu XXIII b 6; [izi.x.(x)] = [Izi na]-
n-a-pa-gu (in same context) ErimhuS II 169.
pa-hu Izi I 19; dil.BAD.BAD- =MIN (n[a-pa-hu])
na-pa-gu = MIN (= x-[x-x]) Malku VIII 89. Sa M[UL], SARmu-muSAR = MIN Sd X, muSAR = MIN Sd
lib-b[i] Nabnitu XXIII b 3ff., izi.ha.mun.
jald na-pa-gu u buruburu (among games
dug 4 .ga = ab-rum na-pi-i[h] ibid. 7; bu-ul BUL =
played by boys) HS 1893:12, see RT 19 59 na-pa-hu a §[E] Ea I 115, also A 1/2:314; bu-ir
Ist. Ni. 341:12 (MB, coll.). BUR = na-pa-hu Ad k A VIII/2:196; bu - na-
p[a-hu-um] OBGT XVII 1; in.bubu = ip-pu-uh
Meaning suggested by the synonyms sald Ai. I iii 56; bu-u KU = na-pa-hu-um MSL 2 151:30
and tebu, and the Sum. context references (Proto-Ea); [NAB] = nap-pa-ah-hu = (Hitt.) pa-ri-
for GIR 5 .GIR 5 , for which see, e.g., Falkenstein, pa-ri-ia-u-wa-ar to blow StBoT 7 pl. 3 iv 8' (Sa
ZA 55 52 and n. 159. The ref. [summa] paddnu Voc.).
[mul].mul = i-ta-an-pu-hu-um, itanbutum
ana imitti ip-pu-uq KAR 440:3 (SB ext.)
Proto-Izi I Bil. Section B 15f., also UET 6 359:4;
seems to be an error for uppuq, see epequ kar.kAr = i-tan-pu-hu RA 17 124 r. ii 6 + 183 D.T.
mng. lc-2'. 103 r. i 11; kArkar-karkAr = i-tan-pu-hu (in group
with itanbufu) Antagal D 232; al.gar.gar a-ga-ra
napa~u v.; 1. to blow (something), to hiss, = nu-pu-dh, nu.gar.gar= -la nu-pu-uh, he.
2. to light a fire, a stov, a brazier, to set gar.gar = li-na-pi-ih, na.an.gar.gar = la i-na-
fire to a pyre, 3. (in the stative) to be pi-ih NBGT II 160ff.
dUtu an.tk.ta : Sama ina iiid amA tap-
bloated, swollen, blown up, 4. to become
pu-ha you, Sama, rose from the horizon Gray
visible, to rise, to glow (said of stars, moon, Samal pl. 6:1f.; [dBIL].GI izi.gar.bi [...] kur.
sun, etc.), 5. nuppuhu to blow gustily, to re.e.a : dMIN nitru kima iimu it-[ta1-[n]a-an-pah
hiss, to snort, to rattle, 6. nuppuhu to light the light of DN starts to shine again and again
fires, 7. nuppuhu (in the stative) to be like the daylight BA 5 649 r. If.; urd.zu dUtu.
ginx(GIM) z6.z6.[t]a e.ba.ra : ana dlika kima
bloated, swollen, 8. II/2 to be kindled,
9. III/2 to blow on each other(?), 10. IV to
Sama ina up. up-ha rise for your city like the
sun from the clouds SBH p. 70 No. 39:26f., cf.
be kindled, to flare up, to become bloated(?), e.lum iru.zu.Unugki. ud.dam.bi .ma.
11. IV/3 to be kindled again and again, to ra : kabtu ana alika Uruk kima ~ama up-uh BRM
4 8:32f.; [...] zalag.ga nam mu.un.6 : [...]
flare up repeatedly, 12. IV/3 to become
ki nu Sama ip-pu-ha-am-ma SBH p. 92b No. 50a
swollen, bloated again and again; from OB r. 16f.; ul.gan.se mu.mu (var. mu) : Sa ina
on; I ippuh -inappah (inappu KAR 384:20) Aupuk aame nap-ha-tu4 (var. nap-hat) (Igtar) who
- napih, 1/2, II, 11/2, III/2, IV, IV/2, IV/3; rises from the horizon SBH p. 99 No. 53:48f.,
wr. syll. and SAR, NE, (in mng. 4) KUR, MUL dupl. Delitzsch AL 136 r. If.; an.su.ud.da.ag
izi.ginx mu ki.ta za.e gi.in.ga.me.en.(de)
(note BiN KAR386:51, see mng. Ic); cf. : nur Sam Aa kima iat ina mati nap-hat attima
munappihtu, munappihu, muttaphu, naphu you are the lamp of heaven which is lit in the land
adj., nappahtu, nappahu, nappdhu adj. and like fire ibid. obv. If.; [iz]i As.sa an.na Il.la.
s., nappiitu, niphu A and B, nuppuhu, ta : ina aqqulli Aa ina Aame nap-hu in the aqqullu,
which glows in the sky SBH p. 104 obv. 27 f.;
tappu tu. dUtu an.Ar.ra hi.i.ni.bu : SamaS ina iid
mu-ul ML = rna-pa-hu-um, nabaum MSL 2 AamE tap-pu-ha-am-ma SamaS, you rose from the
132 vi 58f. (Proto-Ea); mu-lu MlL - na-pa-hu horizon 4R 20 No. 2:lf.; u,.dig.nam.he.a
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napiahu la napahu 2a
hil.ginx hu.mu.un(text .tTL).di.ni.[ib.x] ina uppi siparri ana mustinnisu SAR you
(with gloss) li-ip-pu-uh TuM NF 3 25:22, see
blow it into his urethra with a pipe of bronze
Wilcke, AfO 23 86.
izi.ginx mu.e.lA.en.z6.en : [k]ima i.ati AMT 59,1 i 19, 22f., Kocher BAM 396 ii 10, 17, cf.
tan-nap-ha-a-ni you (stones) have been made to <ina> uppi ana ugariSu SAR Kocher BAM 1 i 21,
glow(?) like fire Lugale XIII 6, of. mu.mui.z6.en also AMT 61,1:4; ina uppi abari ana pagrisa
: [tan]-nap-ha-a-ni ibid. 19; zalAg.ga.ta : in- i-nap-pah-ma he blows on her body through
nap-hu (in obscure context) SBH p. 121 No. 69
r. 17 and 19; izi.gar su.lim bdr.bur.a.zu a lead tube Kocher BAM 240:46, cf. also
an.'a.ga Ai.im.da.kAr.kar.ra.ab : .alummat (without mention of the instrument) AMT 36,1:16,
dipariki4itp4tu ina qereb Samd lit-tan-pah may the Kocher BAM 3 iv 10, 16, 30; obscure: ku zu u
brilliant(?) glow of your torch shine out high in tapassas za-ku-ti-si SAR-ah (var. i-na-pa-ah-
the sky TCL 6 51 r. 19f., see RA 11 149:35.
ma iballut) CT 23 50:6, var. from AMT 1,2:6.
KTR na-pa-hu SAR na-pa-hu SAR .ur-ru-t d la-
pa-tum RA 17 184 Rm. 2,38:21 (astrol. comm.), c) to hiss: summa ina bit ameli seru istu
see mng. 4c; zi = na-ma-a-ru, zi = na-pa-a-hu
5R 12 No. 5: 38f. (astrol. comm.); e-b[-flu // na- hurri qaqqassu usesima ina-pu-uh if a snake
pa-hu CT 41 45 BM 76487:17 (Uruanna comm.); sticks its head out of a hole in a man's house
na-pa-hu // ub-bu-[fu(?) ... ] SAR // e-be-fu // SAR // and hisses KAR 384:20, cf. summa seru ina
na-pa-hu CT 51 136: 9f.; e-bd-fu // na-pa-hu bit ameli issi BUN-uh if a snake cries and
Hunger Uruk 47:1; e-me-ri // na-pa-ha JNES 33
hisses in a man's house KAR 386:51 (SB Alu).
337:26, also Hunger Uruk 41:15 (all med. comm.).
1. to blow (something), to hiss - a) to 2. to light a fire, to kindle a stove, a

blow: ina isdti liqli ina pisu i-nap-pah-ma brazier, to set fire to a pyre - a) to light a
he shall burn (the reed to which he had told fire: 3 isdtdtim ap-pu-uh-ma I lit three
his dream) and blow on it with his own mouth signal fires RA 35 183 n. 2:8 (Mari let.); ina
Dream-book 343 r. 19; ki a me ina libbi tak= qdti habbdti isdtum na-ap-ha-at mdtam ikka[l]
kussi ta-nap-pa-ha-a-niana kdaunu ... li-pu- at the hands of the robbers fire is already
hu-ku-nu just as you (pl.) blow out the flaring and it will consume the land TIM 2
water through a reed, so may they blow you 28:9 (OB let.); summa isdtu ana imitti ameli
(away) Wiseman Treaties 563 and 565; you
nap-hat if a fire burns on the man's right side
throw chaff (representing the sorceries) into Labat TDP 14:78f.; summa nmr bard samna
a pot and ina pidu ana libbi nams SAR-ah ana me iddima isdtu ina libbisu SAR if the
blow (it) through its opening into a washbowl diviner throws oil into water and fire flares
Maqlu IX 177; ina res majiliu tim-ra SAR-ah up in it KAR 151 r. 31 (SB oil omens);
sorceress) sa ana 1 ber ip-pu-hu isdta who
(the
at the upper end of his bed you blow ashes
LKA 70 i 15 (SB rit.); summa qg (for qutrenu)
has kindled fires at a distance of one league
ana si Samsi na-pi-ih if the incense is blown Maqlu VI 121, also, wr. SAR-ha ibid. 129; rebi
eastward Or. NS 32 383:19 (OB omens);
sa isdtu i-nap-pa-hu the fourth (name of
note: idir ina mahra Assur ip-pu-uh eli na LamaStu) is: (she) who sets fires 4R 56 i 4,
kruti isdt napanti Asiur marched in the van and dupls.; angamdhdkuma at-ta-pah isdta
and blew destructive fire over the enemy Tn.- kinina at-ta-pah I am the sangamahu, I have
Epic "ii" 25. kindled a fire, I have lit the stove Surpu
V-VI 173f., cf. Maqlu III 22; assuk pente at-ta-
b) to blow medications into the body: pah igsta pinte esegi ni-bu-ti ap-pu-uh
ina takkussi ana libbi inesu SAR-ah by I scattered charcoal, then I kindled the fire,
means of a takkussu reed you blow (the I kindled glowing charcoal made of asdgu
medication) into his eyes Kiichler Beitr. pi. 19 STT 215 iv 63f. (NA inc.); ina kibrit isdta ta-
iv 5, cf. AMT 9,1:8; ina takkussi ana nahrdu nap-pah you kindle a fire with sulphur
SAR-ma iballut you blow it into his nostrils Or. NS 36 287:3 (namburbi); isdta ina sapli
with a takussureed and he will recover Kocher kjitri sAR-ah-ma you kindle a fire under the
BAM 3 i 39, also AMT 36,2:7; ina takkussi ana kiln Oppenheim Glass 32 Tablet A Introduction
libbi uzndu SAR-ah AMT 36,1: 7ff., also ibid. 13; 7; [ina r]es libbija ip-pu-hu isdt[u] they
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napiahu 2b napaihu 4a
(the demons) have kindled a fire in my Beitr. pl. 2 ii 15, wr. SAR.MES-hu AMT 22,2:4,
epigastrium Lambert BWL 42:64 (Ludlul II), 49,3:4, 57,3 r. 1, cf. summa ... rig libbisu
cf. kala zumrisu it-ta-pah iistu [...] AMT na-pi-ih Labat TDP 112 i 17; summa libbasu
84,4 ii 4 (inc.). sumela na-pi-ih ibid. 116 i 49, SA-si nap-ha
KBo 9 49 r. 9, KUB 37 31:8 (diagn.).
b) to light a stove, a brazier, to set fire
to a pyre: [kinin a]p-pu-hu unihL I have 2' other parts of the human and animal
banked the brazier I kindled JNES 15 body: umma amrlu qaqqassu pan2uu indsu
138: 114, of. ibid. 117 (liplur-lit.), cf. kinin ap-pu- . epasu saptadu SAR.MES-hu if a man's head,
huundh Surpu V-VI 176, 179; kinjinainapan face, eyes, feet, and lips are swollen Jastrow,
DN ina muhhi nignakki SAR-ah SBH p. 144 Transactions of the College of Physicians in Phila-
No. VII r. 5, see also isdtu mng. 2b-l'; kinun delphia 1913 399:35; summa amlu . .. in imitr
ahsusu ill rabiti ina dipdri ap-pu-hu with a tisu (sumelisu) nap-hat CT 23 43:8, 44 r. iii 1,
torch I lit the stove by which I remembered AMT 18,3:6, Labat TDP 36:31f.; summa
the great gods JNES 15 138:104 (lipbur-lit.); indsu SAR.ME Labat TDP 76:66, cf. kibri
umma kinuna sarru ana Marduk ip-pu-uh- insu SAR.M[ES-hu] ibid. 52:22; Saptdsu
ma ispu if the king kindles a brazier before SAR.MES AMT 1,3:16; summa kirri imittisu
Marduk and it .... CT 40 39:34, of. ibid. 43; nap-hat if the right side of his throat is
ultu iimu a kiri i-nap-pa-hu from the day swollen Labat TDP 86:46, cf. summa kirrdsu
on which they fire the kiln (for the work on nap-ha ibid. 47, summa kirrdsu SAR.ME
the embankment) VAS 6 84:16 (NB); abri ... ibid. 48, cf. also na-ap-ha (in broken context)
ina abulldti i-nap-pa-a[h] they will set BE 17 33:23 (MB let.); Summa tuldsu nap-hu
brushwood on fire at the city gates RAce. if his breasts are swollen Labat TDP 102 i 17;
121:27, also ibid. 120:16 and 22, wr. SAR-ah summa qinnat imittisu nap-hat if his right
ibid. 36 r. 7, and passim in this text. buttock is swollen ibid. 130:47; jumma ...
qdtdsu nap-ha if his hands are swollen
c) other occs.: ina pan Nabu tur-ru (for
ibid. 220: 29, ubdndt qdt su ... SAR.MES-ha
tumru?) SAR.MES-nim-ma ana libbi tur-ru
ibid. 98:44; ribissu sa imitti nap-tat-ma
SUB.MES they kindle the ashes in front of
his right groin is swollen ibid. 236:52; summa
Nabu, and they throw (the figurines) into the
rapastasu nap-hat ibid. 108 iv 12; kalit imit:
ashes RAcc. 133:215 (New Year's rit.); nap-
tisu nap-hat ibid. 102 iii 1, cf. 2f.; summa
hat tilpdnu zaqip patru ablaze is the throw-
islasu nap-hu if his testicles are swollen
stick, aimed is the sword Cagni Erra IV 32.
ibid. 136 ii 65; summa usarSu nap-hat if his
3. (in the stative) to be bloated, swollen, penis is swollen ibid. 134 ii 28; summa immes
blown up - a) in gen.: [...] na-pi-ih-ma rum ina libbi lisdnisu sirum na-pi-ih-ma if
kima lu-up-pi [...] [the ... ] is blown up on the tongue of a sheep a piece of flesh is
like a leather bag Kiichler Beitr. pl. 4 iii 57 swollen (and curled to the right and the left)
(inc.). YOS 10 47:9 (OB behavior of sacrificial lamb),
also RA 63 155:10 (OB ext.); libbi immeri na-
b) parts of the body - 1' belly: summa
pi-ih KAR 151:38 (SB ext.).
awilum libbasu na-pi-ih if a man's belly is
swollen Kochor BAM 393 r. 11 (OB); if, when 4. to become visible, to rise, to glow (said
a man eats and drinks SA-si innemmeru of stars, moon, sun, etc.) - a) said of stars
nap-hu his belly is taken with colic(?) and -1' in astrol. context: summa Dilbat ina
bloated AMT 48,1: 7, 48,3:8, summa qerbil u MN KUR-4ha if Venus rises in MN ACh Itar
nap-hu if his innards are bloated Labat TDP 6:15, Supp. ITtar 35:43, Supp. 2 Igtar 49 r. 17,
120:45ff., 72:18, 150:37, wr. SAR.ME§ 64:55, and passim in this text; summa Salbatdnu um
112:30, and passim in TDP, AMT 42,2 ii 1, 52,4:2; muli KUR-ka-ma arirsu aruq if Mars rises
summa ilittu qerbi1sa nap-hu Labat TDP faintly(?) and its radiance is yellowish
206: 67, 76; qerbiisu magal nap-[hu] Kiichler ABL 1391:7, see Parpola LAS No. 110; summa
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napihu 4a napihu 4c
ina MN bibbu KUR-ha if in MN a planet rises great Antu of heaven rises in Ursa Major
ZA 52 238:13ff., and passim in this text; summa RAcc. 68:15f.; MUL.MAR.GID.DA ... ana pan
Dilbat ina MN nap-hat if Venus shines in MN ASSur nap-ha-[at](var. -tu4 ) ana pan Bdbili
ACh Supp. Istar 33:41, also Labat Calendrier panuiia aknu the Wagon Star rises toward
§§ 83 and 85; Dilbat ... nap-ha-ta ABL 1145:3 Assur, it looks in the direction of Babylon
and r. 5, see Parpola LAS No. 11; if Venus STT 73:63, also 72, see JNES 19 33, var. from
ina MN adriS KUR-ma (var. E-ma)
adrid irbi UET 7 118:9; Ip-pu-ha-ni-ba-a-at She(Istar)-
(var. irup) in the month of Ajaru rises faintly Rose-(and Now)-Is-Bright (personal name)
and sets faintly ACh Supp. 2 49 r. 2, 5, 6; BE 15 163:34, 188 ii 25 (MB).
summa Dilbat ina MN KUR-ma adris irbi sa
ultu KUR-,d adi rabisa unnutatu if Venus b) said of the moon: Sin ... knma Samas
rises in MN and sets (shining) faintly, that SAR-uh the Moon rose like the Sun ACh Sin
(means that) it is shining faintly from its 3:5; ina res arhima na-pa-hi eli mati rising
rising to its setting ACh Itar 7:20 (= RA 17 over the land at the beginning of the month
128); summa Dilbat ina mici NU KUR-ma ina En. el. V 15, cf. 12 MT s a dSin twelve (is the
urri KUR-ha if Venus does not rise during key number of) rising of the Moon Or. NS
the night but becomes visible at dawn 29 280 iii 10.
VAT 10218 iii 15; if Mercury lu IKUR lu ~if-21
c) said of the sun - 1' in gen. - a' in
either rises or sets TCL 6 19 r. 13, of. ibid. r.
astrol. texts: Summa Samas ina libbi nidi
10, 19; summa ina nidu KUR-ha if (Jupiter)
KUR-ha if the Sun rises amidst a cloud bank
rises from among clouds Thompson Rep. 29
ABL 1391:21, see Parpola LAS No. 110; ramas
r. 4; [dNIN.SI4.AN.NA] ina ereb amsi KUR-ma
ina harrdnsit Anu ip-pu-ha-am-ma the Sun
(if on the xth of MN) Venus becomes visible
rose in the Path of Anu ABL 405 r. 13, see
in the west KAR 402 r. 11, see Labat Calen-
Parpola LAS No. 64; md Samas ina na-pa-hi-su
drier p. 216, cf. KAR 392 r.(!) 29; [summa MUL.
md ibassi aki 2 Sv.si attald issakan (he wrote
MES ana] dUvTU. nap-hu-ni Rm. 932:4';
me) as follows: at sunrise an eclipse of two
note in an apod.: MUL S.albatanui-na-ap-pa-
fingers' (magnitude) occurred ABL 470:5, see
ha-am-ma bila uhallaq Mars will rise and
Parpola LAS No. 104; summa Sama KUR-ma
cause the cattle to perish RA 65 73:62 (OB
.ami isimu if the Sun rises and the sky
ext.), also, wr. KUR ACh Samal 8:62:
turns red Thompson Rep. 123 r. 4; summa
Samas ina la adanniu KUR-ha ACh Ramas
2' other occs.: attunu ilij rabitu a ina 3:17; summa A,.ME ina la sim neia KUR-ma
same nap-ha-tu-nu you (stars) are the great RA 17 184 Rm. 2,38:19, for comm., see lex.
gods who shine in the sky Maqlu VII 54; section; summa AS.ME 2 KUR-ha if tWO sun
[lam kakk]abi ioI-U na-pa-hi before the first disks rise ACh Samas 2:13, cf. summa 2 AS.
star rises BBR No. 1-20:55; kakkab tap-pu-ha ME KUR.MES-nm (var. E.ME§-ni) ibid. 14; ina
pani atta you, star, who have risen, are the ama ina na-pa-hi-4
MURUB 4 dUTU sa iqbii
first one KAR 374:1 (inc.); ta-tap-ha kima Adad ina put Samas na-pa-hi ik-rib-S [... ]
kakkabi bili kima la'me you started to shine (the phrase) "in the middle of the sun" is
like stars, be extinguished like ashes! CT 23 explained: at sunrise Adad .... before
10:13 (SB inc.); up-ha ki MXL je-[e-ri] rise like sunrise Thompson Rep. 254 r. 1f.
the [morning(?)] star (incipit of a song)
KAR 158 vii 2; eper titurri sa Istar nap-ha- b' in other texts: amut RN Sa [...] ina
ti(var. -tu) dust from the bridge where(?) nipih Itar diTr ip-pu-ha-d[-Sul] (see niphu
ITtar is shining Craig ABRT 1 66:5, var. from mng. 2b) KAR 434 obv.(!) 3 (SB ext.); adi
KAR 144:3 (namburbi); kima Sa MvL Anu tap-pu-ha uqdka beli Samas until you rise I
rabd2a dam it-tap-ha Antu rabitu sa dame ina wait for you, my lord Gama§ Maqlu VIII 1,
MUL.MAR.GiD.DA it-tap-ha as soon as the also cited IX 170, cf. it-tap-ha SamaS Maqlu
great star of Anu of heaven rises and the VIII 16, also IX 173; it-tap-ha Samas ina ladi
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naphu 4c napahu 4c
ereni Samas rose in the cedar mountains Adad thunders at sunrise ACh Adad 19:29,
Dream-book 340 K.3333:7, also, wr. ta-at- Supp. 2 39:69; ina Seri kima SamaS KUR
tap-ha Gray SamaA pl. 3 K.3286:1, cf. dUT- tuserida in the morning at sunrise you bring
i nap-ha-ta-ma ina game KAR 32:28; kima it (the medication) down AMT 100,3:9, also,
sa idtu sadi ereni Sama belu urbii ina na-pa- wr. KUR-hi Kocher BAM 322:78; kima gamas
hi-d OECT 1 pl. 27 iii 11 (Nbn.); ana KUR it-tap-ha sarru me irammuk as soon as the
SamaS nap-ha ana jia[i ... ] STT 65:30, see sun has risen, the king washes with water
Deller, Or. NS 34 460; aj ip-pu-uh n[ap-p]a-hu BBR No. 26 iv 35, of. RAcc. 73:15, cf. kima
elenu umu namru da'ummatam liwisum (see dUTU it-ta-a[p-ha] KUB 37 45 r.(!) 6; istu
nappdhu adj.) RA 46 92:68 (OB Epic of Zu), Samas ina sat urri it-tap-ha as soon as the
parallel: aj ip-pu-ha amaS elita (var. elisu) sun at the (end of the) morning watch has
ibid. 28:15, var. from STT 21; etelil ina na- risen Ebeling Parfiimrez. 31 iv 1, 30 iii 12, cf.
pa-ah (var. KUR) Sama Maqlu VII 158; KAR 70:26.
offerings ana ... KUR-ha ama u tdmarti
c' after sunrise: UD.17.KAM 10 us iimu
Sin for the rising of the sun and the appear-
ance of the moon RAcc. 65:31, cf. the arki KUR-ha SamaS bdbu ina pani Ani u
personal names: Na-pa-ah-&amas-ris the Antu ippette on the 17th day, forty minutes
rising of SamaS is celebrated BE 15 167:32 after sunrise, the door will be opened before
Anu and Antu RAcc. 69:28; GN dl danniti$u
(MB), also Ris-na-pa-ah-su KAJ 268:10 (MA).
adi i-ti lma sa Samas na-pa-hi akSud GN,
2' to indicate time- a' before sunrise: his fortress, I conquered within a third of a
ina Sant imi lam ramas KUR-ha on the day after sunrise AKA 58 iii 101 (Tigl. I).
second day, before sunrise BRM 4 6 r. 31;
you let him drink the medication lam Samas 3' to indicate direction: issu na-pa-ah
na-pa-hi before sunrise Kichler Beitr. pl. 10 SamSi adi rabd amli Asur ittanakka A§ur
iii 35, also ibid. pl. 11 iii 54, BBR No. 75:14, No. has given you (the world) from sunrise to
11 r. i 3, lam Sama KUR-ha KAR 50 r. 2, see sunset Parpola LAS No. 129 r. 17 (ABL 870+);
RAcc. 24; lam Samas na-pa-hi kima Adad kippat erbetti Asur ittannaggu issu bit i-nap-
sa rihsi elisunu adgum (even) before sunrise pa-ha-an-ni bit irabbini sarru mihirsu ladiu
I roared against them like a devastating A§ur has given him the whole world, from
thunderstorm AKA 233 r. 24, 335 ii 106 (Asn.); where it (the sun) rises to where it sets there
adu la gama na-ba-hu even before the sun is no king equal to him Craig ABRT 1 22
rose LKA 62 r. 2 (MA lit.); ultu lildti adi ii 4 (oracles for Esarhaddon), cf. issu bit Samas
na-pa-hi Sambi JAOS 88 126 ii a 8f., cf. RA 70 i-nap-pa-ha-an-nu adu i-rab-bu-,-nu ABL
117 ii 25; for KUR denoting "before sunrise" 992:10, also ABL 1139 r. 4 (coll.);
issu na-pah
in astron., see Neugebauer ACT p. 479b s.v. Samsi adi rabe (var. ereb) Sami Wiseman
Treaties 8; istu tamti rabiti sa na-pah &amsi
b' at sunrise: UD.29.KAM ina Samas na- adi tamti rabitiSa sulmu Samsi from the great
pa-[hi] on the morning of the 29th day sea in the East to the great sea in the West
BE 17 33:25 and 29 (MB let.); ina namdri 1R 35 No. 3:6 (Adn. III); sa bdbi udati ana na-
Samfu ina na-pa-hi in the morning, at pa-ah ambi mehret Sadi amas u Adad iqbu
sunrise Ebeling Parfiimrez. 28:8, 29:7, 33:9, petdu Samas and Adad commanded that
35:9, cf. AfO 12 142 ii 5 (SB rit.); ina gerti ina that door open toward the direction of sun-
na-pa-[hi Samad] in the morning at sunrise rise, facing east OIP 2 145:14, also 12 (Senn.).
AMT 17,2:11; ina SamaS na-pa-hi itti gipis
[narkabdte] ummante rapdSte amdahis at 4' in comparisons: sanSandti Sa iratia
sunrise I fought along with numerous chariots sa ki SamaS nap-ha the sun disks on her
and troops Iraq 36 236:27 (White Obelisk), cf. breastplates which shine like the sun Craig
[Sam]ad ina na-pa(!)-hi KBo 8 3:9 (med.); ABRT 1 7:8; ki SamaS tap-pu-hi eliSu like
dumma Adad kima amad na-pa-hi issi if the sun you (goddess) rose over him Craig
267
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napahu 4d napailu 7b
ABRT 2 21 r. 10; note in transferred mug.: lu swollen Labat TDP 116:2, 8; .umma amelu
na-pa-hu sa ekurrdtiSunu kima niphi Samas ... libbasu SAR.SAR AMT 39,1 i 4; summa
may the shine of their temples be like the SA.MES-~ SAR.SAR-hu if his intestines are
rising of the sun ABL 216 r. 3; surrasunuip- bloated (preceded by a section with summa
puh-ma kabattaSunu u-ta-x-[x] their hearts SA.MES-si nap-hu) Labat TDP 122 iii 7, also,
grew bright, their mood became [...] wr. SAR.SAR-hu Labat TDP 64:56f., 224:64f.,
Ebeling Parfimrez. pl. 26 r. 16 (coll. W. G. Lam- AMT 21,2:6, Kuchler Beitr. pl. 8 ii 22, 9 ii 58,
bert). 14 i 28, SAR.SAR ibid. pi. 2 i 17, 8 ii 17, 20,
KAR 80:3, AMT 40,5 iii 9, 44,7:2, 49,6:9, Ai.
d) said of meteorological phenomena:
MES-~~? magal SAR.SAR-hu Kichler Beitr. pi.
akukitu sa ana ajabi nap-hat (Istar) fire that
1 i 21; HSAII-SAR.SAR-hU itenemmeri Kocher
blazes against the enemy STC 2 pl. 78:37,
BAM 201:23; note summa res libbisu SAR.MES
see Ebeling Handerhebung 132; summa mmuu
if his epigastrium is swollen (preceded by
nipih isdti mahisma akukutu nap-hat if the
napih) Labat TDP 112 i 18, cf. res libbisu
night (sky) is tinged with fiery light and an
SAR.SAR AMT 43,6:3, Kocher BAM 90:12.
abnormally red glow blazes ACh Adad 33:42,
for other refs. see akukitu mng. 2.
b) other parts of the body: summa qaq:
e) said of a month (Nuzi only): ina na- qassu NE-iih if his head is swollen Labat TDP
pa-ah MN at the beginning of MN HSS 13 24:61ff., qaqqassu nu-pu-uh CT 23 33:17;
155:15, also ibid. 18:13, HSS 5 36:6, SMN summa ... indsu nu-up-pu-ha if his eyes are
2495:13, JEN 147:5; ina MN ina na-pa-hi swollen Labat TDP 34:17, 144 iv 52, STT 89:203,
HSS 5 95:7, also HSS 19 105:2. CT 23 44 r. 5, wr. SAR-uh Kocher BAM 23:3;
ginndtusu nu-up-pu-hu Labat TDP 130:49;
5. nuppuhu to blow gustily, to hiss, to summa ... ressu pan'su saptdau [nu-up]-
snort, to rattle -- a) to blow gustily: jumma pu-ha if his head, his face, and his lips are
erpetu ina same ka-sa-at-ma istu ,-nap-pa-ah swollen Kocher BAM 3 i 27, cf. panusu nu-
if the cloud tarries(?) in the sky and the up-pu-hu Labat TDP 234:34; gumma amelu
south wind blows gustily(?) ACh Supp. 63:13. ur'ussu nu-up-pu-uh if a man's windpipe
b) to hiss, to snort, to rattle: summa
is swollen UET 4 178:1; umma ... spdu
nu-up-pu-ha if his feet are swollen Labat
seru ana pan ameli igassas.4-na-pa-ah if a
TDP 240:18, also ibid. 56: 18, 206:71; umma
snake bares its fangs at a man and hisses
sinnigtu ... pagarsuNE-?~h if a woman's body
CT 38 35:53 (SB Alu); [Summa ina bit ameli
is swollen Labat TDP 212:8; ser'dnua nu-up-
ser]u4-nap-pah KAR 384:23; summa ur'udum
9u-na-ap-pa-ah if the windpipe
YOS 10 36 iv 7 (OB ext.); summa ... appasu
rattles
pu-hu uriqtu mah[su] my veins are distended,
.... Lambert BWL 44:94 (Ludlul II), cf. Labat
TDP 96 r. 23ff.; dalha teretia nu-up-pu-hu
?i-na-pa-ah if (after the sheep's head is cut
uddakam every day the organs inspected
off) its nose snorts CT 31 33:34, CT 41 10
for my extispicies are confused and swollen
K.6983:17, see Meissner, AfO 9 119.
Lambert BWL 32:51 (Ludlul I); summa ...
6. nuppuhu to light fires: abri nu-up-pu- qdtasu sepdsu SAR.SAR-hu if his hands and
hu dipari qgdu piles of brushwood were lit, feet are swollen AMT 69,4:8, cf. jumma ...
torches set on fire Streck Asb. 264 iii 10; eqbsu SAR.SAR(var. adds -hu) ser'an sepesu
iSdtdtim nu-up-pi-ih light fire signals! kabbaruma AMT 73,1:15, var. from Kocher
Jean, ReS 1938 128 n. 4 (Mari let.). BAM 124 i 9; note with singular subject:
gumma amelu uzun imittisu ... SAR.MES if
7. nuppuhu (in the stative) to be bloated, a man's right ear is swollen AMT 105,1 iv 7,
swollen - a) intestines: Jumma qerbi nu- also (with the left) ibid. 10; uncert.: gumma
up-pun-lj[u] RA 65 73:34 (OB ext.); summa ubandt qdteAu ... umanzaq NE-i SA-S [... ]
libbadu NE-h if his (the sick man's) belly is Labat TDP 96:36.
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napahu 8 napahu lib

8. 11/2 to be kindled: [KI.NE ba.SAR. 2' said of meteorological phenomena:
SA]R.re.ne [...] dA.nun.na.kex.ne nim. summa akukutu in-na-pi-ih-ma if a red glow
nim.mu.de : KI.NE.MES ut-tap-pa-ha (var. is "lighted" Neugebauer and Weidner, BSGW
in-nap-pah) diparu ana Anunnaki innassi 67 57:20f., 58 r. 1, also summa akukutu ina
(in the month of Abu) braziers are kindled, a harran Sin irbi it-tan-pah ibid. 57:25 (NB
torch is raised to the Anunnaku-gods KAV diary), of. TIM 9 84: 3, 7, etc.; summa ina libbi
218 ii 2 and 9 (Astrolabe B), var. from same isdtu it-tan-pah ACh Supp. 2 Adad 107 r. 4.
K.2920+ :27, cf. ut-ta-ap-pa-ah (in broken
context) PBS 7 61:8 (OB let.). 3' said of rebellion: sarru mdssu ibbalak-
kassu nappahtu in-nap-pah (see nappahtu)
ACh Sin 35:3.
9. 111/2 to blow on each other(?): su-ta-
pu-hu sutarruhu u riksatu (among games) 4' other occs.: beliti li-in-na-pi-ih dipdri
HS 1893:9 (MB), see RT 19 59.
let my extinguished torch be lighted again
STC 2 pl. 82:88, see Ebeling Handerhobung 134;
10. 1V to be kindled, to flare up, to kinina ina pan DN ina muhhi nignakki
become bloated(?) - a) to be kindled, to SAR-ah a stove is lighted on top of(?) a censer
flare up - 1' said of fire: summa ina bit before Istar of Uruk SBH p. 144 r. 6, for par-
awilim isatum in-na-pi-ih-ma if a fire breaks allels see isatu mng. 2b-1'; abru ultu gizilli ina
out in a man's house CH § 25:53, cf. [summa Upukkinakki in-nap-pa-ah brushwood is
isdtu ina b]iti in-na-pi-i[h] CT 40 44a:17 (SB kindled from the torch in the Upsukkinakku
Alu); isdtum in-na-ap-pa-ah fire will break chapel RAcc. 120 r. 7, see also K.2920+ :27, cited
out (apod.) YOS 10 36 iii 20, also ibid. 42 iv mng. 8.
32ff. (OB ext.); isdtu inaali SAR-ah fire will
break out in the city TCL 6 1:57, r. 21, also b) to become swollen, bloated(?): ,umma
22, cf. (in the house, in the palace) TCL 6 3:45, ina me in-na-pi-ih if (the incense) becomes
KAR 153 obv.(!) 3, 26 (SB ext.); [ibr]iqbirqu in- swollen(?) in the water CT 39 36:86 (SB Alu),
na-pi-ih isdtu lightning flashed, fire broke dupl. RA 61 36:27; [...] NAG-ma SA.MES-sU
out Gilg. V iii (iv) 17; summa isdtu la it-ta- in-nap-pa-h[u ... ] (if) when he drinks [...]
an-pa-ah ul takil if fire is not produced (by his intestines become bloated(?) AMT 52,9:4.
the charcoal), it (the mixture) is not reliable
11. 1V/3 to be lit again and again, to
RA 60 30:7, also (without negation) ibid. 9 (MB
flare up repeatedly - a) to be kindled again
chem.); ema ... samsu ustappd dBIL.GI in-
and again: isatum ina mdtim it-ta-na-an-
nap-/au wherever the sun shines and fire is
pa-ah fire (signals) will be lit in the country
lighted Lambert BWL 58:38 (Ludlul IV),
here and there YOS 10 31 ix 53 (OB ext.);
of. En. el. I 96; summa isdtu ina nignakki iii
[summa amelu] ina kinunisu isdtu it-ta-na-
in-na-pi-ih if the fire in the ritual censer flares
an-pa-ah if in a man's stove fire reignites
up CT 40 44 K.3821:4f. (SB Alu); summa ina
again and again KAR 300 r. 8 (SB Alu).
bit ameli kinunu beli in-na-pi-ih if in a man's
house an extinguished stove reignites ibid. 11; b) to flare up repeatedly: summa akukitu
ippatti[qma]ina i.GIS u ZID.DA in-nap-[pa-ah] ina eldt/isid ame it-ta-na-an-pah if a red
it will be cast and made to flare up through glow flares up repeatedly in the upper/lower
(the use of) oil and flour (placed on it) part of the sky Neugebauer and Weidner, BSGW
RA 60 36:20, also ibid. 14 (chem.); note in meta- 67 57:18f.; summa MUL.SUDUN ina asisu
phoric use: (the kings) ippusu tdhaza ina it-ta-na-an-pah if the Yoke star flares up
biriunu in-na-pi-ih iditu engaged in battle, repeatedly when rising ACh Iltar 21:5, dupl.
fire flared up between them BBSt. No. 6 i 30 Sin 19:11; summa MUL.MES SAR.ME§-kU
(Nbk. I), cf. panussa girru in-na-pi-ih in ACh Itar 25:40, wr. it-ta-na-an-pa-hu 79-7-8,
front of her (Istar) fire flared up Streck Ash. 210:8; summa bibbu ina MN isruhma SAR.SAR
192 r. 9, Piepkorn Asb. 66 v 73. ZA 52 238:8.
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*napahu napalku
12. IV/3 to become swollen, bloated again DALA(MA.GZ.G.AR) - na-pal-ku-u DALLA ma-
umma awilum libbasu i-ta-na- ka-lu (see maggalu) Symbolae Bohl 40:31 (astrol.
and again:
comm.); na-pal-ku-t // ra-pa-ga Hunger Uruk 83 r.
an-pa-ah if man's belly swells again and
a
again Kocher BAM 393 r. 26 (OB), cf. r es 16, cf. ne-pel-ku-u // ra-pa-4 ibid. 72 r. 8.
libbisu it-ta-na-an-pa-ah KUB 37 190:5; 1. to become wide, wide open, extended,

libbu it-tan-pah MSL 9 92 i 5 (list of diseases); wide apart: summa bdb ekallim ne-pe-el-ku-4
[it-t]a-na-a[p]-pa-hu (in broken context) if the "palace gate" is wide open YOS 10
KUB 4 49 i 1 (med.); summa Serru qdtd.u u 24:21, also, wr. ne-pe-el-ku-u ibid. 22:14 (OB
sepdsu it-ta-na-an-pa-ha if the hands and ext.); summa ina sumel marti pitru ne-ped-l-ku
feet of the (sick) child become swollen again if at the left side of the gall bladder a cleft
and again Labat TDP 224:56; kima s is wide open KAR 150:5, also CT 30 11
itemmu pagarSa it-tan-pa-hu as soon as she K.6785:11, STT 308:140, 317:7, wr. ne-pel-ku
(the patient) has become hot, (and) her body Knudtzon Gebete 125 r. 6, Boissier DA 10:41
has swelled (she(?) changes the compress) (catch line); summa KA.DUG.GA ne-pel-ku if
Kocher BAM 240:45; kima lillidi sahi sehru sa the "sweet speech" mark is wide open
. lib-bu-su it-tan-am-pa-hu like a young Boissier Choix 99:9; Zndsu ana pan same na-
boar (who mounts his mate) and whose penis pal-ka-a (if) his eyes are (turned) wide open
(lit. heart) swells up repeatedly ZA 43 18:70 toward the sky Labat TDP 80:4, of. ibid. 48
(SB lit.). E ii 6f.; ne-pel-ka-a (in broken context,
It is difficult to determine whether writings preceded by tarsa) Kraus Texte 28:6;
SAR.MES and SAR.SAR represent 1/3, II, or (branches) ne-pel-ka-a BE 13623 ii 13 (unpub.
IV/3 forms; spellings SAR.MES with plural text from Babylon, cited AHw. p. 778 s.v. nepel:
subject are listed under mng. 3b. ku); summa Sin ina <tdmartisu> qarndSu
na-pal-ka-a if at its first appearance the
The cross ref. sub **apahu (CAD A/2 155b)
should be to ezehu, not to napahu; in PSBA 17 moon's horns are wide apart Symbolae B6hl
137:8 read es/z-hu, for similar refs. see ezehu. 40:31, for comm., see lex. section, cf. summa
qarndsu na-pal-ka-a ACh Supp. 2 11 ii 5, also
*napahu see *naba)u B v. they are pointed and
eddama na-pal-ka-a
napalit see *ndbalis. wide apart AfO 14 pl. 7 i 13 (astrol. comm.).
napalkf (nepelkd) adj.; wide, spacious; 2. supalki to open wide, to widen:

SB; cf. napalk v. Tiamat pdaa us-pal-ki opened her mouth
sila.gub.gub.bu = nd-pdl-ku-u Izi D ii 23'.
wide (to swallow) En. el. IV 100; tus-pal-ki
bdbi you opened wide the doors Lambert BWL
DALLA(MA.GU.GGAR) / na-pal-ku-t ACh Sin 5:5
126:13 (hymn to SamaS); mu.-pal-ku-4(var.
(astrol. comm.); fD.DALLA - na-pal-k[u-u] STT
402 r. i 12. -u) dalat dadme who opens wide the doors of
the inhabited places ibid. 136:182; for
ina same na-pal-ku-ti innammarma (the Gama§ to enter su-pal-ka-a bdbdtiSu its
moon) will be seen in the wide sky ACh Sin (the temple's) doors were thrown wide open
5:5 and dupl., for comm. see lex. section. VAB 4 258 ii 15 (Nbn.); pete su-pal-ki-ma
napalkf (nepelkd) v.; 1. to become wide, open wide (in broken context) AfO 19 50:200
wide open, extended, wide apart, 2. supalkd (hymn to Marduk); Nabu us-pal-ki iddt [ .. ]
to open wide, to widen; OB, SB; IV (only KAR 104:17 (SB hymn); arhdtesunu la petate
stative attested), III uspalki (upelki) - u.-pil-ki-ma I widened their (the mountains')
upalakka; cf. napalkii adj., palku. paths which were not open (before) Weidner
Tn. 27 No. 16:45; ana igretisuu-pil-ki I built
[e] [UD.DU] = [na-pal-ku]-u A III/3: 149; e UD. a wide (canal named Pattu mesaru) for the
DU = na-[pal-k]u-4 Diri I 153; ta-ar KUD =
na-[pal]-ku-u, Su-[pal]-ku-u A III/5: 142 f.; ba-ar benefit of its (the city's) sanctuaries ibid. 25
BAR = [r]a-fpal-u, Iu-pal-kEu-t A 1/6: 248 f. No. 15:46; mitirta ... u- -pl-ka-am-ma (var.
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napalsahtu napalsuhu
us-pel-ki-ma) I constructed a wide barrage BA 10/1 109 No. 27:12f., cf. [it]-ta-pal-ai-.ih
ibid. 28 No. 16:105, var. from 31 No. 17:50; SBH p. 66 No. 36:27.
na-pal-su-hu - a-a-[bu] ACh Supp. 2 66:34
summa GAN.GAN.UR ITI.SE u.-pa-la-ka-ma (comm.).
if the Harrow star .... (in?) Addaru ACh
Supp. 2 68 r. 18. 1. to fall to the ground, to fall upon
The mng. of the verb in dlu suatu nisusu something, to throw oneself to the ground,
ip-pi-li-ka (var. ip-I-li-ka-a) that city's to let oneself fall to the ground (in suppli-
inhabitants will become .... CT 38 3:50 (SB cation, despair, etc.), to squat, to cower --
Alu) is obscure. a) to fall to the ground, to fall
For TDP 190:16 see nabalkutu mng. 3d.
upon something: umma Marduk ultu
Esagil ina asisu lu ina erebisu ip-pal-sih-ma
napalsahtu see napalsuhtu. ina qaqqari usib if (the statue of) Marduk,
falling, comes to rest on the ground when
napalsihtu see napalsuhtu. emerging from or entering Esagila (during
the akitu procession) ACh Supp. 2 83:2
napalsuhtu (napalsahtu, napalsihtu) s.; and dupl. 18 r. 14, also CT 40 38 K.13290:2
footstool, stool; OB; cf. napalsuhu. (akitu omens); the axle of the royal chariot
gi§.gu.za.ki.us, gi§.gu.za.gi§.gar - na- broke and (the chariot) ip-pal-sih serusu
pal-su-uh-tum (var. na-pal-si-ih-tum) Hh. IV 91f. tipped over on him (Teumman) AfO 8 178:21.
na-pal-su-uh-tum = MIN (= ku-us-su-u) ,a-pil-
turn CT 18 3 K.4375 r. iii 8.
b) to throw oneself to the ground, to let
J[a]-ga-am na-pa-al-sa-ah-tamtu-[... ] (in oneself fall to the ground (in supplication,
broken context) UET 6 414:19 (OB lit.), see despair, etc.), to squat, to cower - 1' said
Iraq 25 184. of human beings: esmema at-ta-pa-al-sa-ah
I heard it and I threw myself to the ground
napalsuhu v.; 1. to fall to the ground, to
Kraus AbB 1 22:10; PN ip-pa-al-si-ih R1 S
fall upon something, to throw oneself to the
1938 129 note 2 (Marn let.); do not be careless
ground, to let oneself fall to the ground (in
in regard to the house at-ta-pal-sa-ah ilani
supplication, despair, etc.), to squat, to
ana muhhija sulli' I have prostrated myself,
cower, 2. to be apart (as technical term in
pray to the gods on my behalf CT 22 151:13
astron.), 3. supalsuhu to make prostrate
(NB let.); iniSma iktamis ip-pa-al-zi-ih he
(causative to mng. 1); OB, SB, NB; IV
became weak, went down on his knees, fell
ippalsih - ippalassah (ippalassih IM
to the ground RB 59 242 str. 1:4 (OB lit.);
67692:327) - napalsih (napalsuh, ne-pal-
ismema Ursa qaqqaris ip-pal-si-ih Russ,
SAIH), perfect ittapalsah and ittapalsih, III;
hearing this, threw himself to the ground
cf. muppalsihu, napalsuhtu.
(in despair) TCL 3 411, Lie Sar. 369, also (in
du-[u]r [KU] = na-pa[l-s]u-hu Idu II 3111; broken context), wr. ip-pal-si-i[h] Bauer
ddr.ru.u[n] = na-pal-su-hu (in group with ramil,
Asb. 2 69 K.13778:7; ina sirhi ... rubi ina
acabu) Antagal A 212; gu-uz LUM = na-pal-su-hu
A V/1:38; ur.z6.z6 i- r.du[n.du]n = na-pal- qaqqar na-pal-si-ih the prince squats on the
su-hu, ir.[tum.t]dm = ur.z6.z6 = MIN Emesal ground in mourning BRM 4 6:8 and dupl.
Voc. III 19f.; ki.1A = na-pal-su-hu 5R 16 r. ii 44 Thompson A Catalogue of the Late Babylonian
(group voc.). Tablets in the Bodleian Library, Oxford pl. 1 ii 7
a.se.er.ra mu.na.dur.ru.ne.eS : [ina] ta
nihi na-pal-su-hu-4i they are lying prostrate before (rit. during eclipse of the moon); sar mati
her in lamentation BA 5 667 No. 25:15f.; ].ddr. qadi niistisu ina qaqqari ip-pa-la-sa-hu the
me§ : s su-pal-si-ik (var. Su-pal-su-hi) efluti king of the land, along with his family, all
Frankena Takultu 126:164, var. from 81-2-4, fall to the ground (in supplication) TuL p.
252: 16, in Bezold Cat.p. 1776; ki.sikil ... sahar.
hub.ba ba.duir : ardatu ... ina eperi it-ta-pal-
111:15, cf. ina eperi ina mahar Ekurri ip-
sih ASKTp. 120 r. 5f.; sahar.ra durun.na.el. pa-[l]a-sa-hu ummanu muditi ibid. 18; [ina
am : ina eper it-ta-pal-si-hu (in broken context) eper]i it-ta-pal-si-ik he threw himself to the
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napalsubu napilu A
ground Gilg. XII 97f.; amelu udtu ... ma nesu gitmnlu the supreme lion made him
appasu liqdud ina qaqqari lip-pal-sih this squat (on the ground) Lambert BWL 190 r. 11
man shall bow down and fall to the ground (SB fable); see also Frankena Takultu 126:164,
in supplication AMT 90,1 ii 13, cf. appasu in lex. section.
qadissu ... ana rigim hdlisa ne-pal-SAH
Kocher BAM 248 iii 23 (SB lit.); ina qaqqari napaltu see napistu.
ip-pa-la-sah-ma eli bel amatisu [izzaz] (so napaltu s.; answer, satisfaction; OA, OB,
that the omen should not affect him) he SB; pl. napaldtu; cf. apalu A.
squats on the ground and then will prevail
CT 37 47:20; naphar eme.bal = na-pa-al-tum Sag Bil. A iv 29.
over his adversary
mati ina kihulle ip-pa-la-sah ACh Supp. Sin mimma na-pd-al-tdm sa ekallum ... eppu
18:6, cf. [... ina] KI.HUL la se-e-im ip-pa- luka ina naspirtika uddiam make known to
la-sah ACh Adad 17:30; ina kihulleki ap-pal- me in your message whatever satisfaction(?)
SAH I fall down in supplication in your the palace gives you OIP 27 5:21, cf. na-pd-al-
(I&tar's) place of mourning rites LKA 69 r. 12 tdm sa e<pu>lunidtini CCT 3 29:37; tuppam
and dupl. LKA 70 iv 8, cf. ina kihulle ip-pa- sa hubul PN nusessmma u na-pd-ld-ti-su ...
la-sah LKA 69 r. 11 and dupl. LKA 70 iv 7; nisapparakkum we will get the release of the
ina kihull ip-pa-la-as-si-hu IM 67692:327 document about PN's debt and send you his
(tamitu, courtesy W. G. Lambert), [ina ki]hulle payments(?) (within five days) CCT 3 12b: 16
ip-pa-la(text -ra)-sah KAR 357:58, for (all OA); usannd na-pa-al-tum he repeats the
other refs. see kihull mng. 1. answer MVAG 21 86:34 (Kedorlaomer text);
note the personal name Samas-na-pa-al-ti
2' other occs.: Istar ip-pa-al-si-ha-amn RA 69 126:6 (OB).
qaqqarsu Istar fell on the ground (before)
For CBT 1 (- Figulla Cat.) 13916 see napistu
him UET 6 396:13, ip-pa-al-si-ha-ammaharsu
mng. la-4'.
ibid. 24 (OB lit.); DINGIR.MES ip-pal-si-hu-ma
K.3657+ r. ii 15 (SB lit.); [summa amad ina napaltfi v.; to pass over, to avoid; SB*;
purusse] Anunnaki ip-pa-al-sih ACh Supp. iv, IlI.
20:25, restored from Supp. 2 Samar 40:8; hum; dib = na-pal-fu-u (in group with bd'u, etequ)
tar ul ap-pal-la-sa-a[h] I do not fall prostrate Antagal A 213; [Su].pa-arDAG = na-pal-fu-u (in
hastily Lambert BWL 183:8 (SB Fable of the group with lasamu, rapddu) Antagal E a 12.
Ox and the Horse). [na]-pa-al-ti-t = e-te-qu An VIII 85, also Malku
II 98.
2. to be apart (as technical term in astron.) : tu-d-pal-fa 5R 45 K.253 vi 55 (gramm.).
summa ina MN UD.5.KAM MUL.MUL u Sin kakkika a-a ip-pal-tu(var. -tu)-u lira'isu
tdmursunitima istaqlu attu si esret ip-pal-si- ndkirika may your weapons not miss, may
hu ezbet if in MN on the fifth day you observe they crush your enemies En. el. IV 16.
the Pleiades and the moon and they have the
same longitude, then this year is normal, if napilu A v.; 1. to dig out, dig up, to
they are apart (i.e., the moon has a smaller quarry, to gouge out (eyes, nipples), 2. to
longitude), it (the year) is left behind (i.e., tear down, to demolish, 3. nuppulu to gouge
is to be intercalated) ACh Supp. 2 IMtar 79 out eyes, to blind, 4. nuppulu to kick up
and dupls., see Hunger and Reiner, WZKM 67 24. dust, to turn upside down, 5. IV (uncert.
mng.); from OAkk., OB on; I ippul -
3. supalsuhu to make prostrate (causative inappal, 1/2, II, IV; cf. munappilu, nappaltu
to mng. 1): Sabsutija kunniimma su-pal-si- B, nappilu.
hi ina daplija (Iitar) force into submission
ba-al BAL - na-pa-lu Ea II 106, also Sb I 299;
those who are angry with me and make them [bal] = [na.-pa-lu], bal.[bal] = [...], bir.[x]
squat at my feet STC 2 pl. 83:98, see Ebeling [MIN Aa tap-pi-la-ti] (see napalu B) Antagal O col.
Handerhebung 134; uncert.: [u-pa-al]-si-ih- B 4"ff.; [he-e] [a] - [n]a-pa-lu §a IM (= fidi)
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napalu A napalu A
A V/2:24; bu-fr Bsi = na-pa-lum Sd Ait-pi A 2. to tear down, to demolish - a) cities -
VIII/2:171, with comm. as-sum pi-ta-a-tum Ad nit- 1' in Ass. royal inscrs. - a' in the phrase
pi A VIII/2 Comm. 15; [bu-ur] BUR = na-pa-lu
sd Sat-pi, MIN Ad tap-pi-la-a-ti K.11807 iii 27f. appul aqqur: dlnisunu ina iSati asrup ap-pil
(text similar to Idu). aqqur I burned down, tore down, and demol-
du-u DU8 = na-pa-lu d IcI, nasahu Ad IGI ished their cities AKA 38 ii 1, 49 iii 12, 57 iii
A VIII/1: 138f.; du-DU8g - na-p[a-l]um Sd IGI, 84, 59 iv 4, 61 iv 26, 69 v 3, 75 v 72, 78 v 98, also
DU 8 MIN-MINDUV8 [na-sa]-hu sd IGI Antagal C 112f.;
41 ii 35 and, wr. ap-pu-ul ibid. iii 65 (all Tigl.
[... ] = [n]a-pa-lu (in group with her, heperu)
Antagal D b 24. I), KAH 2 84:96 (Adn. II); aldniSunu ap-pil
E.siG4 .ga [...] gul.gul.la : bit igari Nabi agqur ina iSlti asrup Scheil Tn. II 36, AKA
[... in]-nap-lu4 / i/-ab-bi[t] SBH p. 92a No. 50a: If. 272 i 54, 315 ii 59, 321 ii 74, 337 ii 111, 359 iii 44, 362
iii 54, wr. a-pil AKA 309 ii 45, 354 iii 31, and
1. to dig out, dig up, to quarry, to gouge passim in Asn., 3R 7 i 31, 48, 3R 8 ii 46, wr.
out (eyes, nipples) - a) to dig out, dig up: ap-pil WO 1 460:73, a-pul(var. -pil)
u isid siie ... lam Samas ass ta-na-pal tu-
WO 2 412 ii 6, Iraq 24 9A:33, and passim in
[hal-as-sa mesu tasahhat the root of the siiu-
Shalm. III, cf. at-ta-pal attaqar ina iSdti
plant (is an herb for jaundice), you dig it up
assarap WO 2 226:157, 232:189; dldni sa
before sunrise, you mince it, you press out
mdtdti kalisina ... akcud ap-pul aqqur ina
its juice STT 92 ii 5 (pharm.), dupls. RA
girri asrup the cities of all these countries I
13 37:32, Kocher BAM 1 ii 61; [summa kalbu captured, tore down, demolished, set on fire
ana pan ameli epe]re ip-pu-ul if a dog digs
KAH 2 113 i 25, also 19 and 21 (Shalm. III); 1200
up dust in front of a man CT 38 50:50 (SB Alu),
dalnisu ap-pul aqqur ina iSdti adrup 1R 30
of. ibid. 51; see also, referring to digging out
iii 36 (Sami-Adad V), and passim in this text;
clay, a clay pit, A V/2:24, A VIIT/2:171,
alinisunu ip-pul iqqur ina iddti isrup ibid.
K.11807, in lex. section.
S29, Lie Sar. 451; dldni
sudtunu adi cidni Sa
b) to quarry stones: in sadesunu abni ... limetiSunu ap-pil aqqur ina isdti asrup
i-pu-lam-ma ana Akkade alisu ubilamma in these cities, along with the cities around
their mountains he quarried stones and them, I tore down, demolished, and set on
carried them to his city Akkad MDP 6 pl. fire Rost Tigl. III p. 8:41, 28:160, 162, 164,
1 No. 1 ii 10 (Naram-Sin), see SAKI 166; sadu'e 32:183; Rapiqu ap-pul aqqur ina isati asrup
a[barti] ti[amtim] sapi[ltim] abni[su]nu sal: Lie Sar. 57, cf. ibid. 65, Winckler Sar. pl.
mutim i-pu-u[l-ma] ... DJL-SU ibni he 32:70; dalnisu ip-pul iqqur ina iSdti isrup
quarried the black stones of the mountains ibid. pl. 35:151; aldni a qereb nage Adtunu
across the Lower Sea and made his statue ap-pul aqqur ina girri aqmu the cities which
UET 1 274 v 13, restored from PBS 5 34 xxvi were in these provinces I tore down, demol-
58ff., see AfO 20 70 (Manistusu). ished and set on fire OIP 2 38 iv 45, 37
iv 12, 40 iv 78, 72:42, 46, 90:19, 86:11, 18, and
c) to gouge out (eyes, nipples): summa passim in Senn., cf. quradda ... d1dni Satunu
PN ... ana iPN 2 la inandinu iPN2 inesu sa PN ip-pu-lu igguru ina girri imL4 OIP 2 76:101
i-na-ap-pa-lu if PN does not give (the slave (Senn.); (Memphis) alme akSud ap-pul aqqur
girl) to 'PN 2 , PN2 may tear out PN's eyes ina girri aqmu Borger Esarh. 99 r. 42, cf.
AASOR 16 52:29, also JEN 449:13 and 452:8 aldniSunu danniti u dldni sehriitisa limetigus
(all Nuzi); inasunu la i-na-ap-pa-lu (in nu alme akSud aslula Sallassun ap-pul (var.
broken context) KUB 3 120 r. 3, 121:24, see ap-pu-ul)aqqur ina girri aqmu their fortified
BoSt 9 122 (treaty); sa ... tasabbatu sdr cities and the small villages around them I
inidu 4-pu-ul the one whom you will catch is besieged, captured, plundered, tore down,
a liar, tear out his eyes! Giiterbock Siegel 2 pl. demolished and set on fire Borger Esarh.
83:8 (MA let.); [x-(x).M]ES-a kilalln i-na- 51 iii 53, cf. ibid. 106 iv 3; dldni AuniZti
pu-lu they will tear out both her [nipples?] aklud ap-pul aqqur ina girri aqmu Streek
KAV 1 i 87 (Ass. Code § 8). Asb. 46 v 58, cf. 24 ii 131, 48 v 107, 3 dilrdnidunu
273
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napilu A napilu A
... u sihirti dlisu ap-pul (var. ap-pu-ul) ugamhir I tore down their walls and made
aqqur ana tili u karme utir their three city them level with the ground TCL 3 195 (Sar.),
walls and their entire city I tore down, demol- cf. ibid. 90 and 180; kimahhi sarrisunu mah:
ished, and turned into ruins AKA 79 vi 13 ruti ... ap-pul aqqur ukallim samBi the
(Tigl. I), cf., wr. a-pzl or ap-pil AKA 231 r. 17, tombs of their former kings I tore down,
232 r. 20, 234 r. 27, 237 r. 35, 241 r. 50, 333 ii 100, demolished, and exposed to the sun Streck
334 ii 102, 336 ii 109, 340 ii 117 (all Asn.); aldnis Asb. 56 vi 73; bdbu na-pi-il the gate was
sunu . .. ap-pul aqqurugsme karmic their cities torn down (in broken context) BHT pl. 14 iv
I tore down, demolished, and turned into ruins 4 (Nbn. Chron.); RN bita sdtu ip-pu-ul (var. ip-
OIP 2 27 i 78, 35 iii 69, 58:23 (Senn.); GN ... pil) ul epus Asur-dan tore this temple down
ap-pul aqqur ina me usharmit a-pi-Bel I but did not rebuild it AKA 95 vii 68 (Tigl. I);
tore down, demolished, and destroyed by sa i-na-ap-pa-lu sa libittasu i-he-ep-pu-i
water Streck Asb. 28 iii 69, cf. GN u ddlni whoever tears down (this sanctuary I built)
sa limetisu ap-pul aqqur sa ni e 5sib libbisun or breaks up its brickwork MDP 28 31:4
kamdrsun askun Thompson Esarh. pl. 16 iv 51 (MB Elam); bitdti a ili sa PN ip-pu-lu the
(Asb.), also Streck Asb. 50 v 117; dlu sa ina temples which Gaumata had torn down (I
gibit ilutika ap-pu-lu aqquru a city which I rebuilt) VAB 3 21 § 14:25 (Dar. I); bit lem-
had torn down and demolished at your nu.MES anndtu at-ta-pa-al I tore down the
divine command Streck Asb. 198 ii 28, cf. ibid. temple of these false (gods) Herzfeld API
60 vii 14; note: dalni [...] ta-ta-pal tattaqar 30:31 (Xerxes).
AfO 9 102:20 (Samsi-Adad V); na-pi-lu ndqiru
sdpinu dd[isu] (Assurbanipal) who tears 2' other occs.: um bel bitim ana wassdbim
down, demolishes, levels, tramples Bauer Asb. 2 tasi iqtabi mdnahtam i-na-pd-a[l] (var. inaq
77 K.2668: 23. qar) when the owner of the house says to the
tenant, "Get out," he (the tenant) may tear
b' in other phrases: their fortresses and
out the improvements (he made in the
villages ap-pul-ma qaqqaris usaksid I tore
house) BE 6/1 35:22 (OB leg.), var. from case:
down and made level with the ground
uncert.: x rede ... [ana h]urdtim na-pa-lim
TCL 3 293 (Sar.), also (with qaqqaris amnu)
[a]trudam I have sent x soldiers to tear
ibid. 185, 232, 273, 279; Alinisu ap-pul ina down the ... .-s ARMT 13 41:17; bit ruqqi
girri aqmu OIP 2 71:37 (Senn.); 2 dlani ina
di
sa beli ... pussu na-pa-la iqba Jmuruma
limetusu ap-pul Scheil Tn. II 16.
puhursu putturu at-ta-pa-al when I inspected
2' in other texts: GN na-pil Dfr-Jakin the .... building whose facade my mastershad
was torn down RLA 2 434 a 18 (eponym list); ordered torn down (and found that) it was
URU ul na-pi-li was the city (of Sidon) not full of cracks, I tore (it) down BE 17 35:7
destroyed? K.1353:14 (unpub. NB let., courtesy and 9; 9 masalld <ti > ... na-pa-la ki aspuru
M. Dietrich); dlsu it-tap-lu u nisesu ussabbita when I gave orders to tear down the nine
Wiseman Chron. 74 r. 22; GN ana na-pa-li-si to shelters (in the field) PBS 1/2 47:18; ana na-
tear down the city Qibi-Bel ABL 899 r. 8 (NB). pa-al bit kirdti sa Ekur (tools) to tear down
the houses(?) in the garden of the Ekur Iraq 11
b) walls, fortifications, buildings - 1' in 143 No. 1:4; ekurrdti sa GN ... lu-up-pu-ul-
hist.: dirSu rabd ... ana na-pa-li aqbadumma ma lipus I will repair (lit. tear down and
... ip-pil (var. ip-pu-ul) ana tili utir I rebuild) the temples of GN BE 17 66:24 (all
ordered him to tear down his great wall, MB letters); the tools sa ... ana na-pa-li
and he tore it down and turned it into ruins imhuruni ... iddan tuppudu ihappi which
AKA 81 vi 30 (Tigl. I); kirh~u zaqrte ap-pul he received for demolition(?) work he will
aq-qur I tore down and demolished his high give (back) and will break his tablet (of
citadels Winckler Sar. pi. 35:134, cf. Lie Sar. obligation) KAJ 129:12 (MA); dimtaka ana
p. 64:7; diirnibunu ... ap-pul-ma qaqqaris na-pa-li iqbika they told you to tear down
274
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napalu A napalu B
your tower AASOR 16 3:33 (Nuzi); summa epere4-nap-pal digs up dust CT 39 7 79-7-8,
parakka ipusma ip-pu-ul (var. gloss:) mdruSu 185 r. 5 (SB Alu), cf. u-nap-pa-lu (also said
ip-pu-lu if he builds a sanctuary then tears of dogs, in broken context) CT 38 49:26.
it down, variant: his sons tear (it) down
b) to turn upside down: PN GN k1alaSu
CT 40 8 K.7932:11, cf. ibid. 10; summa hassins
4-na-ap-pi-il-ma mimma issi ul imur PN
na nasima dira ana na-pa-li eli if (a man in
turned the whole of Terqa upside down but
a dream) is carrying an ax and climbs up on
he could not find any wood ARM 3 22:24;
a wall to dismantle (it) Dream-book 333
summa Sahii ana bit ameli irubma bita 4-na-
K.9038:17, also (with bita, baba, etc.) ip-pul
pil(var. -pil) if a pig enters a man's house
ibid. 11-15; obscure: utteta sa GN 18 GIS.MA
and turns (everything) upside down CT 38
it-ti pandti u arkdtisa iksudani i-na-ap-pa-lu4
47:42 (SB Alu), var. from CT 30 30 K.3:ll,
they .... the barley from the Sea Land in(?)
the 18 boats with the earlier and later ones
cited as ti -na-ap-pilpi--1 CT 41 31 r. 27 (Alu
Comm.), cf. AHud-nap-pal (in broken context)
which arrived BE 17 37:14 (MB let.).
ZA 43 16:40, also 14:16; snu Elamu u-nap-
3. nuppulu to gouge out eyes, to blind - pil emahSu the wicked Elamite dismantled
a) with inu as object: Ja sdbe ma'duti its (i.e., the city's) temple MVAG 21 90:33
ineSunu 4-ne-pil I tore out the eyes of many (Kedorlaomer text).
men AKA 294 i 117, wr. i-na-pil AKA 380 iii c) uncert. mng.: summa sinnSu di-na-pal
113 (both Asn.); if they say: We are not slaves if (a man while talking) picks(?) his teeth
PN inesunu '-na-ap-pd-al-u-u--ti u ana AfO 11 223:38 (SB physiogn.).
simi inandin[sunu]ti PN will tear out their
eyes and sell them JEN 457:12, cf. Summa 5. IV (uncert. mng.): if the Raven star
PN ibbalakkat ... sa PN PN2
[IGII.MES-sU ana A IM.1 KI.TA ina-pal ... .- s toward the
u-na-ap-pal-ju-ma ana imi inandinsu JEN south below ACh Ittar 24:6, also (with AN.TA
65:22; inesu lu-na-pi-il (in curse formula) above) ibid. 7, of. AJSL 40 203:7f., 81-7-27,
AfO 8 22 vi 2 (Assur-nirari V treaty); inesu i4- 267:4, ACh Ittar 23: 5f., also (said of the Eagle)
nap-pa-lu they will tear out his eyes (apod., BM 47799 r. 6; summa MUL.MUL in-na-pal
preceded by istet IGI-Si GUL-dt one of his ACh Supp. 2 66:17, also K.8744:2.
eyes will be destroyed) Dream-book 328 r. i 5.
napalu B v.; 1. to make a supplementary
b) without inu: userriti libbi ardti i-na-
payment, to compensate, to convert, 2. II
pi-il lakUti he slit the wombs of the pregnant
(same mng.), 3. III to make someone pay,
women, he blinded the babies LKA 62 r. 3 (MA
4. IV to be paid; OA, OB; I ippul -
lit.); 4 Adr baltuitiunu -nd-pil I blinded
inappal, I/3(2), II, III, IV/2; cf. nappaltu
14,400 of those who were left alive AOB 1
A, nipiltu, niplu B, tappilatu.
118 ii 34 (Shalm. I), cf. v2-ne-pi-il (in broken
context) AKA 121:6, dupl. 4-ne-pil KAH 2 [bu-ur] BtR = MIN (= na-pa-lu) id tap-pi-la-a-ti
K.11807 iii 28 (text similar to Idu), also Antagal O
77:10 (AMur-bel-kala); [....] arruiqtabd umma col. B 6".
du-u-fkul nu-up-pil [...] the king com- [ku.nam.bur.ra.bi.e in.na.an.bur] : [ana
manded: Kill, blind AfO 8 28:9 (gamii-Adad tappila]ti u [ip-p]u-ul Ai. II iii 56.
V); amelu sa sartu ippus gumma diku summa
kisi summa nu-up-pu-lu (var. [n]u-up-pu-ul) 1. to make a supplementary payment, to
summa sabit summa ina bit kili nadi a man compensate, to convert - a) in OA - 1' re-
who commits a crime is either killed or ferring to a cash payment as compensation:
flayed or blinded or captured or thrown into 6 kutni ... laqeu 16 GIN.TA i-na-pu-lu-ni-kcum
jail Lambert BWL 146:45 (Dialogue). they have taken six textiles, they will com-
pensate you at the rate of 16 shekels each
4. nuppulu to kick up dust, to turn CCT 4 13a: 16; 38 subite ina bit kdrim i-na-
upside down - a) to kick up dust: [if a dog] pu-lu-ni-ku[m] they will compensate you
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napalu B napilu B
for 38 textiles in the office of the karu ina libbiSu 5. subdtii nishtum u 1 siqil
Kienast ATHE 62:14; ina libbisu x kaspam kaspam ta-na-pd-al your 112 textiles entered
i-na-pu-lu-ni-kum on it (the textiles), they the palace, 51 textiles are the nishdtu-tax, and
will pay you x silver as compensation (in lieu of A of a textile) you will pay 1
BIN 4 65:36, cf. ibid. 23; Sim 5 subati 5 mana shekels of silver in cash CCT 3 26b: 6, of. JCS
kaspam PN i-na-pd-ld-ku-um KTS 40:11; 26 69:10 and 13.
naphar 1 MA.NA 3j GIN kaspam ta-na-pd-al
3' referring to other accountings: umma
21 GIN kaspum Sa i-na-pu-lu-ni-ku-ni ishirma
1 MA.NA 1 GIN 15 AE kaspam ana PN a-pu-ul
attama x kaspam a nikkassika ta-na-pd-al
you (said) as follows: You will pay x silver
you have to pay a total of one mina and
31 shekels of silver to make up the deficit,
from your (own) account CCT 3 47b:8;
nikkassi mimma la a-na-pd-al I will not pay
ina
less the 21 shekels of silver which they (the
anything at (the time of) the accounting
palace) will pay you to make up the difference,
CCT 2 1:37; three shekels ana PN asser
(so) pay PN one mina, one shekel, (and) 15
beulatisu a-pu-ul-su-um I gave PN (after the
grains of silver TCL 19 24:38f., of. ibid. 10, cf.
also x annakam ana sir
annak qdtim ta-na-pd-
accounting) in addition to his capital TCL 20
162:22; kaspam la a-na-pd-al-ma libbi e
al ibid. 32; annak qdtim istu gamru x annakam
imr[as] TCL 4 17:30; MA.NA 1 GIN i-na-
i-na-pd-lams as for the "hand" tin, since it has
pd-lam he will give me one third of a mina
been spent he will have to pay me (an extra)
and one shekel as compensation CCT 1
x tin as compensation TCL 14 57:25, cf. x
36a:18, cf. ICK 2 131:51, BIN 6 79:27, of. also
(annakam) ana PN ni-pu-ul we paid x tin to
x kaspam ta-na-pd-lams BIN 4 51:21, of.
PN (the transporter) BIN 4 27: 17 and 19, 61:24,
ibid. 33:18; x kaspam PN i-na-pd-al TuM 1
of. Hecker Giessen 27:17, TCL 14 52:26; Itdtar
25b:4, 25c: 4; umam x kaspam a-na-pd-al-sum
... emudu x annakam ta-na-pd-al they
OIP 27 62:17.
imposed a tdtu tax, you will have to make a
payment of x tin to compensate for it b) in OB: x kaspam fPN ana fPN 2 ip-pu-ul
CCT 2 6:30, also CCT 1 34b: 12; 50 MA.NA werium fPN gave fPN x silver in payment CT 8 22a: 11
bitqgt emnri istu Sim 5 emari erubuni 50 MA.NA (exchange of fields), also YOS 12 185:8, 27, 36,
ana Sim emari a-pu-ul fifty minas of copper VAS 13 14:18; ana tappildtim kaspam sa
was the amount outstanding for the donkeys, eli Sim amtim u wardim itiru PN i-na-ap-pa-
when the price of five donkeys came in, I al-Su PN will compensate him for the silver
paid fifty minas that were outstanding on which he paid over and above the price for
the price of the donkeys BIN 4 172:18; the slave girl and the slave Boyer Contribution
adsumi KU.BABBAR Sa ellat PN kiSdatija u x 142:13; GIS.IG.ZINA AM.BI IGI.6.GAL a
KI.BABBAR ellat PN, <ia> na-pd-lam qabiuni PN ana PN2 ip-pu-lu one sixth (shekel of
as for the silver from ASur-malik's enterprise, silver), the price for a door made of the
my share, and three minas of silver from midribs of date palms, which PN gave as
Buzia's enterprise that they were ordered to payment to PN2 Frank Strassburger Keilschrift-
pay as compensation CCT 5 9a:34. texte 38:4; x kaspam niplat wardim a PN
[i]p-pu-lu-si-[im] (see nipiltu) BE 6/1 62:19;
2' referring to a cash payment corre- DIT.A jdi ta-ap-pu-la-am jdtimma DUJ.A-ia
sponding to the cash value of a tax in sullimma ana alpija idi you gave me bran
kind: 3 kutani nishatum u sa 1 subatim in payment, pay all of the bran which is due
nishdtim ta-na-pd-al three kutanu-cloths are me and put it before my cattle TLB 4 79:12;
the nishdtu-tax (on 60 textiles), and for one ... sumam u susikillam ta-ap-pu-lu t(mam
.a
textile (out of the total of 61) you will make Sudti ul taSpuram you have not reported to
a cash payment as nishdtu-tax TCL 19 24:8, me who it was to whom you gave garlic and
cf. 2 kutini u 1 Siqil kaspam ta-na-pd-al onions as compensation CT 4 33a:7, cf.
CCT 4 13a:8; 112 subatitka ana ekallim erubu Mimija a-na-pa-al-ma TCL 17 60:28, of. ana
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napalu C napaqu
PN PN2 PN 3 u PN 4 i-na-ap-pa-alekallam ippal nu-pu-ul-me ta-ah-ta-mu 4 ti-ma-a-s-i-ka
he will give (garlic) in payment to PN, PN,, fall under them and they will beat you
PN 3, and PN4, and he will pay the palace EA 252:25.
ZA 36 96 No. 7:7.
napalu s.; conversation; SB; cf. apalu A.
c) in math.: 40 i~mu ana muii na-pa-lu 40
xA.bal.e, Ai.bal.e = na-pa-[lu-u] Nabnitu
m0 a ana imu na-pa-lu 40 nappaltum forty IV 76f.; [IA].bal - na-pa-lu-u, tur-gu-man-nu
(i.e., 2:3, is the ratio) to convert (the hours Lu Excerpt I 170f.; b.bal.e - [na-pa-lu-u],
of) day to night, forty (is the ratio) to convert [turgumannu] Lu II ii 15f.
(the hours of) night to day, forty is the 7
dNin.sIG7 .sIG gal.an.zu un.gi bar.ze.eb.
bi(var. omits .bi).ba.kex(KID) urs.zu he.en.ib.
difference Or. NS 29 280 iii 13f. (list of key
Sie4.de : dMIN eri ina na-pa-le-e t b kabatti kabat:
numbers). taka liap&ih may the wise DN make your heart
quiet with pleasant conversation RA 12 75:51f.,
2. II (same mng.): gA GIS.SAR sa inassaru var. from BiOr 9 pl. 4 r. 12; an.na.ra inim.bal
4-na-ap-pa-al-ma ikkal he may have as bar.ze.eb.ba.gA huil.le.eg nam.mi.in.gar :
compensation the usufruct of the orchard ana Anu na-pa-le-e i b kabatti hadi4 iS4akindumma
which he guards YOS 12 280:13 (OB). for Anu pleasant conversation was provided with
joy TCL 6 51:25f., dupl. ibid. 52 r. 3f. (Exaltation
3. III to make someone pay: 4 GIN KiU. of Iitar), see RA 11 147:13.
BABBAR PN 4-sa-pil-ka TCL 19 59:23, cf. (in [...] dtammil napraku na(var. nap)-pa-
broken context) ibid. 17 and 19; for other OA lu-4 [when] I converse, .... Lambert BWL
refs. see sapalu. 30:118 (Ludlul I).
4. IV to be paid: 3j mana 4 GIN kaspam For ka.bal = atmi "to speak, converse,"
sarrupam ana ni-ip-ld-ti-a sa 16 MA.NA.TA lu see amil A v. lex. section.
asqul iimam 16 mana kaspam qdtam ina
kaspika nad'dku isten u gina sa iShutuni mala napaqu v.; (mng. unkn.); OB, SB; I (only
inf. attested), II, II/3(?); cf. nipqi.
nad'uni i-ti-pi-ils-ma I paid 31 minas four
shekels of refined silver as my supplementary [... ].Hv = na-pa-qu, [...].B R - nu-up-pu-qu
payment to bring the amount to the 16 minas Antagal D 244f.; zur - nu-pu-qu CT 18 30 iii 22,
and dupl. RA 16 167:36 (group voc.).
(required from) each (person), so today I have
made a deposit of 16 minas of silver as my a) in med.: umma amelu akala ikul
share in your silver, the few people who had sikara istima 4-nap-paq u panisu issanundu
cleared(?) their accounts were paid according if a man, having eaten bread and drunk beer,
to their deposits TCL 4 15:29 (OA). .... -s and becomes dizzy Kichler Beitr.
pl. 15 i 38, also Kocher BAM 60:7, 159 i 29;
In TCL 7 68:19, su-up-pi-il-ma seems to be
[summa qerbu]Su nuppuhu ~-na-paq qerbenu
an error for su-pi-il-ma from Supelu, see
marus if his intestines are bloated (and) he
Kraus, AbB 4 p. 47 note b to 68. The verb forms
.... -s, he suffers from an internal disease
in the OA ref. atta kima la ta-ta-pu-lu-i-ni
ibid. 104:42; [summa amelu KU].GIG marusma
ina libbika atallakma ali wasmatni mala la ni-
esil u 4-nap-paq if a man suffers from an
ta-pu-lu epus RA 59 169 MAH 19607:19 and 23
intestinal disease, is constipated but .... -s
may be interpreted as the 1/2 pres. of napalu
AMT 43,5:13; summa Serru u-nap-paq u
or the IV pres. of tapalu, as well as as the
siruu arqu if a baby .... -s and its flesh
iterative I/3 of napalu.
looks pale Labat TDP 228:92; Summa erru
Landsberger, MSL 1 227; Larsen Old Assyrian u-nap-paq tuld la ilatti u zumursu aruq
Caravan Procedures 125; Veenhof Old Assyrian ibid. 93, also ibid. 94, 230:118f., and (in broken
Trade 258 f.
context) 246:18, K6cher BAM 96 i 5.
napalu C v.; to fall; EA*; WSem. lw.; b) other occs.: PN ut-ta-ap-pi-riql-ma
I (only imp. nupul attested). imntlt PN .... -ed repeatedly and died
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naparahtu napardfi
PBS 7 61:28 (OB let.); appi sa ina ridi ummi za-la-ag D - ned-per-du-u A II/3: 59: ba-ab-
u-nap-pi-qu ni-[pis-su] (he soothed) my nose bar uD = ne-per-du-[u] ibid. 67; za-al NI - na-
par(!)-du( !)-[u] Idu II 204; NI = na-par-du-u //
whose breathing .... -ed at the onset of fever na-[ma]-rum A II/1 Comm. B 19'; ud.zal - na-
Lambert BWL 52:20; ur'udi sa innesrui-nap- pdr-du-u Erimhus III 87.
pi-qu lagabbiS my throat, which tightened [gu.sum ki.dul.dul.b]i igi.du8 .a.bi kulo.
and which .... -ed as if there were a block ku1o zalag.ge.bi.i[b] : [mi-hi-il-ta-MS-n]u ka-
tim-ta a-mur e-kil-ta-u-nu 4u-par-di inspect their
ibid. 30; [mal]'ati (var. lu'i) Sa 4-tap-pi-qu la
obscure cuneiform signs and elucidate their secrets
[ima]hharu [dra] my windpipe which was Gadd, BSOAS 20 263 D.T. 290: 4f. (Examenstext B).
blocked (possibly from epequ) and (which)
could not take in air (he opened its blockage) 1. to become bright, illuminated, to become
ibid. 54:32 (Ludlul III); [x]-x-su sukSudu (var. cheerful, joyous, pleased - a) to become
SurSudu) u-nap-paq(var.-pa-qa) maqti[s] ibid.
bright, illuminated: iumu (var. UD.ME§) ip-
42:80 (Ludlul II). pi-rid-du-ma the day will become bright
ACh Sin 35:47, also ibid. 19:6, ACh Adad 2:17;
von Soden, Or. NS 20 165f. it-ta-par-du umu the day became bright
Bauer Asb. 2 73 K.2524:2; torches were held
naparahtu see naprahtu. high na-[par]-du misu ana KASKAL.GID.TA.
AM qaqqaru namirtu aknat the night was
napardi (neperdd) adj.; shining, bright, illuminated, for a distance of one double hour
brilliant; SB; cf. napard v. in every direction there was light Borger Esarh.
§.BAR. alag, g .BAR.dagal = ne-pd-e[r-du-u] 92 § 61:18; summa paniMu kima samni <ni>-
Izi K iv 263f.; [(x)].BAR.dagal, nig.zalag.ga -= per-du-u if his face glistens like oil Labat
ne-per-du- CBS 13924 r. 17f. (Nabnitu XXII);
TDP 74:42; ditu ummultu it-ta-par-di the
ud.BAR.zalag.ga .= UD-mu ne-per-du-u 5R 16 i 34
(group voc.); ud.am.x.x.[x (x)] - UD-mu ne-per- dimmed figure of manliness has become bright
du-u Lanu F ii 11. (again) Lambert BWL 54 K.3291 line k (Ludlul
un ma.da igi.kAr.kar.ra.ab e.gar8 .bi III Comm.); note, as a possible irregular form:
sukud.da hl.du, ge.er.ma.al gu.li.li.e§ ana ndmurila tu-pa-ri-da eliti u sapli[ti]
BAR.dagal.la : ibtarrdnisz mdti lanSu eld 4usumu
etella na-par-da-a the people of the land admire
(parallel: ana usika belu Igigi Anunnaki
his lofty, beautiful, youthful, and bright appearance tugahhanu (for sutahhunu) LKA 38:6 (NA lit.).
4R 20 No. 1:l1f. + AJSL 35 139 Ki. 1904-10-9,
96:10f. b) to become cheerful, joyous, pleased:
ilis libbi kabattaip-pa-ar-da my heart rejoiced,
Marble sphinxes Sa ... kima lme na-par- (my) mind cheered up VAB 4 240 ii 50 (Nbn.),
di-e nummuric zumursin whose bodies were cf. (referring to Istar) kabattaga ip-par-du
as brilliant as the bright daylight OIP 2 Bauer Asb. 73 K.2524:4, also (to the country)
121:5, also ibid. 108 vi 71 (Senn.); Erra's face Lambert BWL 46:118 (Ludlul II), also Marduk
brightened ki iime n[a-par-d]i-e(var. -i) ... kabatta[su] ip-[par-du] ibid. 50:51; Eres.
uhtambisu zimlus his appearance became as kigal limurkama ina (var. ana) panika li-ih-
splendid as bright daylight Cagni Erra V 21; du (var. li-UD-du) ultu libbasainuhhu kabtassa
RN imu nd-per-du-u AKA 33 i 40 (Tigl. I); ip-pi-rid-du-u (var. ip-pir-du) Ereikigal will
Nab iimu ne-per-du-4 KAR 104:13. see you and rejoice at your presence, but
once she has calmed down and her spirits
napardi (neperdd) v.; 1. to become bright, have been raised (let her swear an oath)
illuminated, to become cheerful, joyous, CT 15 46 r. 16 (Descent of Istar), vars. from
pleased, 2. supardi to brighten, illuminate, KAR 1 r. 10f.; ip-pir-du qerbu a AN.ZIB
to make cheerful, cheer up, to make clear, (= Telitu) KAR 334 r. 12 (SB prayer); ili da
explicit, to elucidate; SB, NA; IV ippardu nagbe [lip]-pir-du-4 KAR 358:35 (SB hymn to
(ipperdu)- ippereddu - napardu (neperdu), IItar), restored from dupl. KAR 107:48; salmu
IV/2, III upardi(uperdi); cf. napard adj., dudtu ina amrigu kiniS lip-pdr-da-aaraki mi
naparditu. ja liqbi when (Adad) looks at this stela, let
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napardftu naparkA
him be truly pleased (and) decree long life adi mati beltu mursu la na-par-ku-u tars
for me Iraq 24 pl. 35:39 (Shalm. III), also, wr. kusi ittija for how long have you, Lady,
li-pdr-da-a AKA 211:25 (Asn.). afflicted me with this unending illness?
ZA 5 80 r. 15 (prayer of Asn. I); m enuhSu la
2. Supardd to brighten, illuminate, to make
na-pa-ar-ku-ti ukin ana mdti I provided for
cheerful, cheer up, to make clear, explicit, to
the land abundant water which does not
elucidate - a) to brighten, illuminate:
diminish VAB 4 212 ii 10 (Ner.).
I widened the squares of Nineveh suqani
us-par-du-ma unammir kima lme and,
naparku (neperkd) v.; 1. to stop, cease
bringing light into the streets, I made them
doing something, 2. to stop, to end, to
as bright as day OIP 2 98:91, cf. siqdti us-
cease, 3. to leave, 4. to remain, to stay
par-di ibid. 153 No. 18:8 (Senn.); ... mus-
behind, 5. IV/3 (uncert. mng.), 6. upark
par-du-u iklet (Sama§) who lights up the
to put an end to; OB, SB, NB; IV ipparku
darkness Borger Esarh. § 53:6, cf. mus-par-
- ipparakku - naparku, IV/3, III; cf.
du-' etitu muSnammir ukli Lambert BWL
mupparki, napark adj.
136:176; sa hursdni beriiti e[tiss]unu tug-par-
di you have brightened the gloom of the s[a-a]h fIA.A -= na-par-ku- Diri VI E 4;U.gi.
distant mountains ibid. 126:6 (hymn to Ra- de.a = n6-per-ku(text -du)-U Izi E 315; miS.ga =
mal); niir same u erseti mus-par-du qereb apsi
mui.tdm = na-par-ku-u ma-ru-u Emesal Voc.
III 12; mud.nu.[tim.mu] - [la na-par-ku-u],
(Ninurta) the light of heaven and earth who gan(for gA).la.nu.dag.[ga] = [1]a m[u-u]p-par-
illuminates the innermost Apsf AKA 257 i 8 [ku]-u Erimhu§ VI 163f.; mui nam.ba.an.ga.
(Asn.). ga = mud nam.ba.an.tum.ma = a-a ip-pdr-ku
Emesal Voc. III 13.
b) to make cheerful, cheer up: [ina] [t]ukum.b[i] li sag.ga.e l1.hun.ga.e.de
tamqiti kabattasun us-par-di I brightened ... ugu.bi.an.de.e GAN la.ba.an.dag : umma
awilum ardaZgurma ... ittabata it-ta-pa-ar-ka if a
their mood with offerings Lambert BWL 60:97 man hires a slave and he runs away or stops
(Ludlul IV), cf. libbadunuus-par-di OECT 1 27 working Ai. VII iv 18, cf. GAN ba.an.dag : it-ta-
iii 31 (Nbn.); mutib libbiki mus-par-<AI>- pa-ar-ku, U 4 GAN ba.an.dag : umu Sa ip-par-ku-~
du-u kabattaki he who pleases your heart, Hh. I 366f.; nam.ti.la.a.ni.9e ga.la na.an.
dag.dag.ge (var. nam.ba.dag.ge) : ana
who cheers up your spirit KAR 98 r. 13
balatiSu a-a ip-par-ku may (Isum) never cease (to
(prayer of Shalm. III to a goddess), cf. mug- protect) his life ASKT p. 98-99:51, of. ibid.
par-du-?' kabtdti KAR 321:5; mind libbaSa 88-89:43, for var. see Borger, AOAT 1 14:269,
ublanni mina kab[tassa ... ] (var. ka-<bat>- 8:116, also BIN 2 22:126f.; [...].dag : ul ap-
[t]a-sd-ma us-per-da-an-ni-ma) what has pdr-ku(text -ma) ina naqu zirqz u nakmasZ x [...]
(see zirqu B usage b) KAR 128 r. 20 (bil. prayer of
prompted her heart (that she come) to me, Tn.); [u 4 .9u.us.e] ga.la nu.dag : umiSamma
what has put her in a mood so friendly toward la na-par-ka-a 4R 12:17f.; geg an.barx(NE)
me? CT 15 45:31 (Descent of Istar), var. from ga.e ba.gub.ba mdi nu.tm.ma : mia u
KAR 1:32. urra uzuzzu la na-par-ka to stand there day and
night without ceasing CT 16 20:66ff.; [i]r mus
c) to make clear, explicit, to elucidate: nu.tim.ma : [d]imtu ul ip-par-ku tears do not
see BSOAS 20 263 and Lugale I 25, in lex. end (for me) 4R 24 No. 3:18f., of. OECT 6 pl. 4
K.4948:5f.; u4.iu.ug.e mud nu.tum.ma :i mis
section. Jam la na-par-ka-a daily without end 4R 20
No. 1:7f.; em.9ag.9aa.ga.ni.«bi) mui ba.ni.
naparditu s.; (mng. uncert.); lex.*; cf.
ib.ga : 4a bu.uS damqiti it-ta-pdr-ku whose
napardi. precious property is gone KAR 375 iii 53f.;
ka.gi.gi = pi-i na-pa-ar-du-tim Sag Bil. A iii du.mu.Mu.ul.lil. 1 u mu.un.tak i.bi.ni
48. n[a].ma.a[n].il.la (var. na.ba.nigin) : mar
Enlil Aa ip-par-ku-u panu la usahhiramma son of
naparku in la naparkf (neperkc) adj.; Enlil, who left and has not turned his face toward
me Lugale IX 5.
unending, unceasing; SB; cf. naparki v.
nd-pe-er-ku-u = ma-ku-u Malku VIII 135;
g6.la.nu.tag.ga = (la) n-pir-ku-u Lu IV 204. Su-par-ku- = ba-fa-lum Malku IV 125.
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naparkfi naparkf
1. to stop, cease doing something - a) to putuqquma iimisam la na-par-ku-u andku
stop working: see Ai. and Hh. I, in lex. ibid. 280 viii 30; aMu ana turri gimilliSu ...
section; aSsum la ip-pa-ra-ak-ka-a Lt.TUR la-pa-rak-ku-u since I do not cease avenging
PN ana kajdntim lihtajjassindti let PN's him TCL 3 32 (Sar.); [ana sattuk]ki ... [...]-
servant watch them (fer.) continually so i-ma la ip-pa-rak-ku-u [kal(?) s]atti they
they will not stop working ARM 10 138 r. 7; must not default on the regular offerings the
na-pa-ar-ka-a-am u ittika na-an-mu-ra-am year round ADD 809:37, see Postgate Royal
ul eli I could not get away and meet with Grants No. 32; ana esedim u slim ina GN la
you TCL 18 152:16, cf. ilkum esrannima ta-pa-ra-ak-rkul A 7550:15 (OB let.).
na-pa-ar-ka-am ul ele'i (see ilku A mng.
lb-1') TCL 1 43:8; kima girseqd wardu belija 2. to stop, to end, to cease - a) in the
ip-pa-ar-ku-u enmma I have heard that the adverbial construction la naparck without
girseqi, servants of my lord, have stopped fail, incessantly: Sattisamma la na-par-ka-a
working ARM 2 35:6, cf. ibid. 12, girseq sa lupqida gerebsa may I muster therein (the
ip-pa-ar-ku-4ittasbatumaana ser belija [u]tar= palace) year after year without fail (the
runissunuti the girseq who have stopped army and the booty) Borger Esarh. 64 vi 61;
working have been caught and (the officials) sattisamma la na-par-ka-a itti tamartisu
will return them to my lord ibid. 24; ip-pa- kabitti ana Ninua illikamma every year
ra-ak-ku--ma ina idifu itelli if he (the hired without fail he came to Nineveh with his
man) stops working, he forfeits his wages heavy tribute ibid. 47 ii 63, cf. ibid. 87:17,
VAS 8 46:10; ihalliq innabbitmaip-pa-ra-ak- 99 r. 49, 103 i 14, 110 § 72:11, OIP 2 94:67
ku-ma should he disappear, flee, or stop (Senn.), Streck Asb. 40 iv 109, BBSt. No. 5 ii 23,
working ARM 8 63:14, 64:5, also 62 r. 1'; i-pa- also la na-par-ka-a satti6am OECT 6 pl. 11
ra-ku-u-ma wardam iriab if he (the slave K.1290 r. 7 (Asb.); imisam la na-par-ka-adiks
entrusted to PN) stops work, he (the owner) tasu ma'dis aduk every day without fail I
will replace him with another slave YOS 8 defeated him severely Borger Esarh. 99 r. 39;
29:6, cf. (two hired men) i-pa-ra-ak-ku-u ilmisam la na-par-ka-a ezabbilu tupsiksun
ribbatam ... iSassia ibid. 158:11, 175:9, for daily without fail they carry their brick-
occs. beside ndbutu and duppuru see abdtu B baskets OECT 6 pl. 2 K.8664:11; sa elisa tabu
mng. 2a-2', also inumi i-pa-ra-ku-~ x SE ud-da-ak-ku la na-pa-ar-ka-a itamd(m) lib:
imaddad JCS 9 60 No. 3:10; wardum ip-pa- ba(m) every day without fail I planned to
ra-ku--ma (if) the slave stops working (they please him (Marduk, text: her) VAB 4 86 i 22
will pay half a mina of silver) YOS 5 140:11, (Nbk.); umisam la na-par-ka-a ... palihas
cf. PN ip-pa-ra-ak-kum-ma TCL 10 134:9. sunu andku every day without cease I
(Nabonidus' mother) revere them (the gods)
b) (with ana, ina) to cease doing some- AnSt 8 46 i 13, cf. VAB 4 292 iii 12 (Nbn.); iimi:
thing: kima andku ... ana miisab Ani u Sam la na-par-ka-a ina akal[a] dused ...
Adad ... akpuduma la a-par-ku(var.adds -u)- ultamlil utahhidma every day without
ma ana epeSi aki la addi because I did not ceasing he provided (the gods) with plentiful
cease planning (this) dwelling place for Anu food Iraq 27 7 v 4 (NB lit.); da kajdn la na-
and Adad and did not neglect the construction par-ka-a imahharu rabitu il[itki] who con-
AKA 102 viii 19 (Tigl. I); sa ana epes niqg stantly, without end, addresses your divine
Jullum pars la ip-par-ku-u (Esarhaddon) majesty KAV 171:8 (Sin-sar-iskun), also ibid.
who does not cease making sacrifices and 26, cf. [sant]akku [1]a na-par-ka-a Lambert
carrying out the rites properly Borger Esarh. BWL 72:38 (Thoodicy); [... ] la na-par-ka-a
81:40; ana zinndti Esagil u Ezida ul ap-pa- literridka baldt may she (TaSmatu) ask you
ra-ak-ka-a kajdna I never cease supporting (Nabi) incessantly for my (long) life ZA 36
Esagil and Ezida VAB 4 262 i 20 (Nbn.), cf. 204:25 (Asb. colophon), see Hunger Kolophone
darru ,a ana zdniniti Esagil ... kakdd Nos. 338 and 339; damqdtia la na-pa-ar-ka-a
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naparkfi naparki
lizkuru maharka may (the buildings I erect- end, naming her not [...] Lambert BWL 172
ed) not cease speaking of my good deeds iv 19, of. KAR 104:21; Sin bel age arhiSam la
before you VAB 4 96 ii 25, wr. la na-par-ka-' na-[par-ka-a] ... idt [dunqi] ... ana Sarri
CT 34 29 ii 17, VAB 4 242 No. 4 i 16, gind la na- belija [la] i-pa-ra-ka-a every month, without
par-ka-' CT 36 22 i 31 (all Nbn.), cf. [la na- fail, Sin, lord of the corona, will not stop
par]-ka-a lemuttasu littasqar may DN not (sending) favorable signs to the king, my
cease pronouncing evil for him KAR 252 lord ABL 36 r. 9ff., see Parpola LAS No. 7;
iv 53 (colophon), see Hunger Kolophone No. I will appoint them ana st reim sa ina
236; liSakin ina pi la na-par-ka-a let (the bdbekallim la ip-pa-ra-ku-' as attendants
praise of Asur and ESarra) be constantly on who do not leave the palace gate ARM 14
(people's) lips
Asb.); qurddu Irra miua iu
BA 5 654 r. 12 (hymn of
urra la na-par-ka-a
uzuz panusu Cagni Erra IIb 22, cf. arhisam la
66:24.
3. to leave: ip-par-ku istari ibe[s ili] (see

na-par-kla-a En. el. V 14, also ABL 36 r. 10, besu usage a) Lambert BWL 32:44 (Ludlul I);
cited mng. 2b. massar sulmim u balatim ina rSilka ai ip-pa-
ar-ku may (the god) who watches over well-
b) other occs.: sarritumpalim li-<ri>-ik being and life not leave your side PBS 7
a ip-pa-ar-ku ina Enamtila may (my) 105:12, also Kraus AbB 1 24:8 (OB letters),
kingship and reign last a long time and never cf. aj ip-par-ki rabis sulmi ina arkija BMS
end in Enamtila VAS 1 32 i 17 (Ipiq-Istar of 6:124, dupl. BMS 10:22 and PBS 1/1 12:35, see
Malgium); mihirtu lillikamma aj ip-pdr-ku Ebeling Handerhebung 50, also (with ina idaja)
let income flow in and not cease ZA 32 LKA 60 r. 6, see Ebeling Handerhebung 140; lidinu
172:36, dupl. KAR 144:22 (inc.), seeRA 49 180; dinam sa kittim aj ip-pa-ar-ku mi-sa-ru-
ki sa ... ina pisu ip-par-ku-u suppe tesliti rum(?)1 x x lizzizi let them render a reliable
like one in whose mouth supplication and (oracular) decision, let the just verdict not
prayer have ceased Lambert BWL 38:15 fail, let [... ] be present RA 38 87 r. 6 (OB ext.
(Ludlul II), cf. pitrusu sattukki ina pi ip-pa- prayer), cf. aj ip-par-ku [m]i-sd-ru-um-ma
ar-ku-u the sattukku-offerings were cut off, kit-turn lib-si LKA 70 ii 4 and dupl. K.6199 ii 3;
they (even) ceased to be mentioned VAB 4 listabrima aj ip-par-ku-4 iddsun may (the
142 ii 6, also 110 iii 23 (Nbk.); nadi simakkisu protective spirits) remain present (in the city
na-pa-ar-ku-u qutrinu its shrines were and palace) and not leave them Wincklor
abandoned, the incense-offerings had ceased Sar. pl. 25 No. 54:74, also pl. 39:140, Lie Sar. p.
RA 22 57 ii 7 (Nbn.), cf. (the regular sacrifices) 82:5, OIP 2 125:53, 134:94 (Senn.), Borger
da istu um ruiqti ip-pa-ar-ku- VAB 4 156 v 8 Esarh. 64 vi 64, 69 § 30:11; sise dlikut idija sa
(Nbk.); sammu u ritu la ip-pa-rak-ku-u kiisu agar nakri u salmi la ip-pa-rak-ku-4 ki-tul-
harpu (see kussu mng. 2e) TCL 3 209 (Sar.), lum the cavalry that accompanies me and
cf. ana ... eSer eburi ... sattidam la na-par- does not leave my side(?) in hostile or
ka-a KAV 171:30 (Sin-sar-iskun); sammu friendly territory TCL 3 132 (Sar.), of. .a
mnsam u kasdtam ina urem la ip-pa-ra-ka- agar salmi iddja la ip-par-ku-,4 Lie Sar. 257,
[am] fodder is not to be lacking in the stable Winckler Sar. pl. 33:85, 100, 34:114; DN ja la
night or morning TLB 4 11:21 (OB let.); aj ip-par-ku-u IaI-ka LKA 49 r. 9, see Ebeling
ip-par-ki(var. -ku) mahraki let (this song) Handerhebung 52, cf. la ip-par-ku-u maharSu
not cease (being recited) before you (Istar) Iraq 27 7 v 3 (NB lit.); lul'utkama ul tap-pa-
ZA 10 298 iii 42, see AfK 1 27; ul ip-pa-rak- rek-k[a-a] I will devour you, you will not
kcu-~ Anunnaki maharka kamsu the Anun- escape Lambert BWL 200 iv 6 (fable); uncert.:
naku kneel before you without cease Scheil the Hittite king ana IPN iqabbi la [te-e]p-p-
Sippar 7:4, dupl. BA 5 385:4 (prayer to Marduk), ri-ik-ki-i-an-ni says to iPN: Do not reject me
see Ebeling Handerhebung 92; niblssa aj ip- (question me) Sommer-Falkenstein Bil. 16:65,
par-ku zikira aj [...] let invoking her not also 68f.
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naparqudu naparqudu
4. to remain, to stay behind: 1 GI la ip-pa- the right, [...] toward the inside, let the
ra-ak-ku not one reed must remain (unwoven left one lie flat, high, (pointing) upward
into mats) VAS 16 134:10; 1 SiLA uhinnu la RA 38 85:7 (OB ext. prayer), cf. [kas]kasum jus
ip-pa-ra-ak-ku not one sila of fresh dates melam ana qerbenum likpis lidanannini[mit:
may remain (unprocessed) TCL 1 30:24 (both tam li]-ip-pa-ar-qi-id let the end of the
OB letters). sternum droop inward on the left (and) let
it be ossified(?), let it lie flat on the right
5. IV/3 (uncert. mng.): umma ...
HSM 7494:87, cited JCS 11 103, also ibid. 29,
dabdbsu it-te-ni-ip-rek-ku if he is halting(?)
also gumma kaskasu imittam kapisg umelam
in his speech Labat TDP 70:14, pdAu ana
na-pa-ar-qu-ud YOS 10 47:76ff., cf. RA 67
dababi dan it-te-ni-ip-rik-fGvl ibid. 22:45,
46:80, and passim; imitta ikbisma ip-pdr-qid
summa ina dababisu it-te-ni-ip-rek-Gu ibid.
Boissier Choix 94 K.3732:1, of. ibid. 2, cf. ik=
176:5, also ina pisu atmdsu it-te-ni-ip-r[ik-
bisma it-ta-nap-raq-qad ibid. 95 K.3982: 19f.,
GU] ibid. 22:42, explained by ina dababisu
also said of nasraptu, q.v., of the "middle
ibtanakki STT 403:43 (comm.); summa ...
finger" of the lung, see kapdsu v. mng. lb-l';
inasu it-te-ni-ip-rik-ka-a if his eyes ....
summa nidi kussi ka-pi-is u ittisu kakku
Labat TDP 170:15 and 17.
imitta it-ta-na-ap-ra-qa-ad Labat Suse 5 r. 23;
6. 9upark to put an end to: ana DN note summa nasraptu kalusama na-pdr-qu-
isiq sukkalmhuttiSu ina naptan Anim rd'imis da-at if the entire "crucible" is lying flat
su la us-pa-ar-ku-4 lu usaskinsum I did not (preceded by kapsat) CT 20 33:94, cf. ibid.
allow the share due to NinSubur, in his rank 31:17f., 38 K.10571:6f., nasrapti imittim lu
as sukkalmhu, in the food-offering of Anu, na-pa-ar-q4-da-at HSM 7494:46, cited JCS 11
who loves him, to cease, I had it firmly estab- 102; jumma ham Sdr erbettisa na-pa-ar-qu-
lished for him ZA 68 96:22 (Takil-ilissu of da-at if the lung on all its sides lies against
Malgium); maddatta attisammaana la Su-par- (the surrounding tissue and organs) (preceded
ke-e eliSunu ukin I imposed on them tribute by the opposite kuppusat) YOS 10 36 i 31.
(to be brought) every year, not to be stopped
AKA 72 v 41 (Tigl. I); nisi ina su-par-ke-e 2' other occs.: [ba-ma]-a-at imitti lu
[napiSti baltat] people were living on the issurat Sa gumelim lu na-pa-ar-qi-da-[at]
verge of death Lambert-Millard Atra-hasis 114 RA 38 86 r. 5 (OB ext. prayer);[summa] ubdn
vi 15, 112 v 26; pappassusukun la tu-d6-pdr-ka haSi qablitu na-pdr-qu-da-at (parallel: purqi;
establish his pappasu, do not let it be inter- dam, q.v.) if the middle "finger" of the lung
rupted CT 22 52:13 (NB let.). lies flat KAR 151:54 (SB); [summa haS]dm
For RA 12 80:22 see naparudu. For CT 12 imitti hasim u sumel haim [na]-pa-ar-qu-
15 iii 37f. (= A III5:142f.) see napalkd. In ACh da-at YOS 10 36 i 22, cf. ibid. i 21, cf. also
Supp. 2 97:4, dupl. Supp. 61:26, ip-par-kam most Summa serhaSim A.zI u A.GUB na-pa-ar-qg-du-I
likely is derived from paraku, q.v. ibid. i 36 (OB), [summa hadl(?)] imitta u
sumela na-pdr-qud KAR 422 r. 15, of. ibid.
naparqudu v.; to lie flat, to lie against 13f., also (beside kabis) KAR 435:7ff. (SB);
something; IV ipparqid - ipparaqqad - [ka]skasu imittam u gumelam na-pa-ar-qi-ud
naparqud, IV/3; OB, SB; cf. purqidam. JCS 21 224:15 (OB ext. report), cf. kaskasu
na-par-qd-da-at= la-m[a-at], E.GI.DA = na-[par- imitta na-pdr-qud JAOS 38 83:31, imitta u
qu-du], §E.GI.[DA] - [la-mu-] Izbu Comm. Sumela na-pdr-qud ibid. 84:36, mithdris na-
W 378a; na-par-q4-du // na-bal-ku-tu Hunger Uruk
[pdr-q]~-ud BE 14 4:9 (all MB reports), imitta
83 r. 16.
u gumela n[a-pd]r-qud PRT 1 left edge 1,
a) in ext. - 1' opposed to kapdsu: 122:10, Boissier DA 231:24, TCL 6 5: If., 18, 26,
kaskasum imittam likpis ana qerbinu li-x-[x] mithdri na-pdr-qud CT 31 36:8, PRT 76 r. 4,
Sa dumelim ana elinum elid li-pa-ar-qi-id Boissier Choix 94:10, ina qablidu na-pdr-qud
let the soft part of the sternum be curled to ibid. 8, for other refs., see kcskasu; elenu na-
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pdr-qud CT 20 22 81-2-4,279:7, of. TCL 6 6 ii 16; Su-ub§UB = da-ra-rum, §UBMIN-MINAuB = na-par-
summa E§ ana sdr erbetti ana arkiSa na- Mu-du Antagal III 150f.; [e] [A] = [na-par-]u-du
A 111/3: 178.
pdr-qu-da-at TCL 6 1:34 (all SB); [summa [i.b.]b8 fl.la.rmul a.ba ba.ra.[6] duxo.
tulimum] na-pa-ar-qu-ud YOS 10 41:51 (OB); bad.du.mu a.ba ba.ra.sub.bu : ina nU
summa kakki lumun libbi na-pdr-qud Boissier inija manna utu ina pt puridija mannu ip-pa-
DA 218 r. 7 (SB), cf. na-pdr-qud AMT 71,3 ra4-aid when I lift my eyes, who departs? when I
r. 7 (ext. with drawings, parallel to CT 31 10-15); stride forth, who escapes? ASKT p. 128:67ff.
(hymn to Istar), cf. a.ba ba.ra.sub.ba : mannu
summa paddnu rit-tanl-nap-raq-qad CT 20 ip-pa-ra-A4-id 4R 26 No. 4:41f., also ZA 10 pl. 2
29:16 and dupl. ibid. 22 81-2-4,279:5. (after p. 276):40; (an evil demon from whom)
[lu.na.me nu.m]u.un.gub lu.na.me nu.gub.
b) in other contexts: sa ana sinnistim ba : [mamma la ip-par-]i-du-mamamma la ip-pa-
ip-pa-ra-qd-du sdkil sdrim he who clings to ra4-Si-du-ma nobody has escaped and nobody will
a woman is like one who hoards the wind escape Iraq 27 164:13f. (inc.); kur su.ba nu.
sub.bu sa.su.uL.kal me.mu mu<.e.da.gal.
JCS 15 6 i 6 (OB lit.); if his toes saggama na- la.am> : 4a Badi ina qatiu la ip-par-.id-du sulkal
pdr-qu-da are lax and lie flat (against the tahaz[ijanaadku] I hold my battle net from whose
ground) Kraus Texte 23:9 (SB physiogn.). hold no foreign country can escape Angim III 33;
gig.par gis.ag.a.zu musen nu.ba.gub.ba :
The common denominator between the ina gilparrikaigairul ip-par-.i-du from your trap
refs. cited and the adverb purqidam "lying no bird escapes BRM 4 8:26; A.gAl.zu lu.na.
on the back" or "lying flat against something" me nu.mu.un.da.ab.gi 4 .gi 4 : ina pete idiki
seems to be a meaning "to lie flat" as opposed mamman aj ip-par-id(text -au) let no one escape
to kapdsu "to curl," "to curl away." Note, from the encirclement of your arms RA 12 80:21 1f.,
for coll. see Hruska, ArOr 37 488.
however, that in the omens cited Nougayrol, it-ta-par-id, it-ta-par-.i-id ZA 7 29 r. iii 2f.
RA 44 18, naparqud is replaced by nabalkut, (school text).
and that nabalkutu often occurs as apodosis
when naparqudu occurs in the protasis, see 1. to escape, to flee - a) in gen.: PN's
Nougayrol, RA 40 96. brothers who beat a woman of the house and
In KAR 437 r. 12 read us-ddk-ju, see ddku were brought to him iSten ina qdtim
ip-pa-
mng. 9. In KAR 357:58 (= Kocher BAM 339) ip- ar-si-dam-ma ana serika ittalkamma one (of
pa-ra-SAI is an error for ip-pa-la-sah,see napalsuhu.
them) succeeded in escaping and returned to
Heidel, AS 13 66f.; von Soden, Or. NS 15 you TCL 17 1:25 (OB let.); u asum mari GN
429ff.
sa ina kakki ip-pa-ar-Si-du-maana GN irubu
naparrurtu (napurratu) s.; dispersion; as for the men of GN who, having escaped
SB; cf. pararu. during the battle, entered GN ARM 2 72:20;
u GN ... ana pani dSamsi ip-pdr-si-du and
bit ameli issappah na-pdr-ru-ur-tu tappu
(the inhabitants of) ISuwa fled before my
izuzzu DAM DAM TAK 4 .MES the household of
Sun KBo 1 5 i 11 (treaty); nita lamd na-
the man will be scattered, dispersion, partners
par-su-dis(var. -di-iS) la le'e hemmed in,
will make a division, husband and wife will
unable to escape En. el. IV 110; aj ip-pa-ar-
leave each other KAR 153 obv.(!) 30; na-
si-id-ka may he not escape you RA 46 92:66
pur-ra-Dt ahhi izuzzu dispersion, brothers
(OB Epic of Zu); mamma sa ana bel sarrani
will make a division Labat Suse 3 r. 44, cf.
ihatti ul ip-par-sid none of those who com-
na-pur-ra-atummdn nakri ibid. obv. 1.
mitted an offense against the lord of kings
von Soden, Or. NS 20 261. escaped ABL 808 r. 12 (NB); let them (the
napartudit see napardudu mng. la. daughters of Anu) open watercourses, let
them open canals [... l]i-par-Ai-du-ni (var.
napar udu v.; 1. to escape, to flee, 2. to [lip-pa-a]r-Si-du-ni) liani zdsu let [the
fall into disuse, oblivion, 3. (uncert. mng.); ...- s] escape, let his feces come out AMT
from OB, MA on; IV ipparid- ipparadid, 38,2 ii 3 + 42,4 ii 7, also ibid. 45,5:5 (SB inc.),
IV/2, IV/3; cf. muttaprajsidu. var. from Sm. 1802:5; Ip-pdr-Si-du He-
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oi.uchicago.edu
napargudu napargudu
Escaped(-from-Death) unpub. MA leg. cited took him to Assyria alive) Streck Asb. 82 x
Borger, AfO 18 299, also Saporetti Onomastica 1 14.
257f., wr. I-pdr-i-[du] VAS 1 103:4, Par-
2' with lapan, istu pan, (ina) pan, ina:
Sid-du Postgate Royal Grants No. 32:32, Par-
sitet ummdndtesunu a ina pan kakkeja ip-
si-di ADD 416:2, and passim in NA, see
par-si-du sepeja isbatu the remainder of their
Tallqvist APN 180.
troops who had escaped from my weapons
and had clasped my feet AKA 37 i 86, also 38
b) in hist. - 1' in gen.: isten ina libbisunu
ii 3, 74 v 56 (all Tigl. I), cf. istu pan kakkeja
ul ip-par-sid-ma ana sade ul eli not one
dannite ip-pdr-si-du urduni sepeja isbutuma
among them (the enemy) escaped into the
KAH 2 84:90, cf. ibid. 83:18(bothAdn. II); sdbu
mountains Rost Tigl. III p. 30:173, cf. [sit]ui
ammar TA pan kakkeja ip-pdr-si-du-ni AKA
tesunu sa ip-par-si-du-ma ibid. 170; edu ul ip-
227:47, and passim in Asn.; nise sa pani kakke
par-sid multahtu ul usi ina cateja not a single
ezziite ip-pdr-si-du 1R 31 iv 19 (Samsi-Adad V);
one could flee, not one survivor escaped my
[lapan] kakkeja ip-par-si-[du-ma ana] GN
hands Streck Asb. 74 ix 40; kima issur hurri
innabtu Rost Tigl. III p. 78:9; sa lapan kakke
sa lapan eri ip-par-sid-du itruku libbusu his
ip-par-sid-du TCL 3 175 (Sar.), also Winckler
heart palpitated like that of a partridge that
Sar. pl. 35:133, OIP 2 27 ii 3, 58:25 (Senn.), sa
flees from an eagle TCL 3 149 (Sar.); ana
ultu lapan kakkeja ip-par-si-du Borger Esarh.
Saht ade pasqdte ip-par-sid-dumusitas they
57 iii 41; k4 lapan kakke Assur dannuti ip-par-
escaped by night to the steep flanks of the
sid-ma innabit ana ri'iqti he escaped from
mountains ibid. 214; aisu la na-par-su-di-su
the mighty weapons of Assur and fled to
in order to prevent him from escaping
distant parts Streck Asb. 66 vii 120, cf. ibid.
ibid. 333; nita ilmUsunutima seher rabi la ip-
76 ix 56, 206 K.2825:8, Piepkorn Asb. 78 vii 65,
par-si-du they hemmed them in, none (lit.
ef. [ina(?) td]hazi ip-par-si-du Bauer Asb. 2
young or old) escaped Lie Sar. 383; adi
74:10; sitdt ummdndtesunu sa ina libbi tamhdri
re.Ssu ip-par-sid he escaped, together with
i(var. ip)-pdr-si-du Weidner Tn. 4 No. 1 iv 13.
his allies
nise sa ana 91Zii.
Winckler Sar. pl. 17 No. 36:15; sitdt
napisti ip-par-si-du the
remainder of the men who escaped to save
c) to escape from a trap or a net:
gis-par-ri-sd la ip-pa-ras-si-du [...]
ina
[...]
their lives TCL 3 146 (Sar.); ndlis ip-par-si- cannot escape from her (Ninlil's) net AAA 20
du-su-ma (see ndlis) OIP 2 52:35 (Senn.); su pl. 90:9 (Asb.); may Samas clamp down a
hallalanis ip-par-si-id-ma mamma la emur bronze huhdru-trap upon you ina gisparri
[asarsu] he fled furtively and nobody could sa la na-par-su-diliddikunu may he cast you
find traces of him Rost Tigl. III p. 10:45; into a gisparru-trapfrom which there is no
ki issuri [... i]p-par-sid-ma ibid. p. 80:13; escape Wiseman Treaties 650, cf. Borger Esarh.
asana suzub napistisu edennussu ip-par-sid- 58 v 11, TCL 3 118, cited gisparruusage b, see
ma saddau eli Winckler Sar. pl. 33:74; edis also Angim, BRM 4, in lex. section; §a tamtu
ip-par-sid-du-ma matu~iun innabtu they ana dannitisu Sadi ana emuqisu iSkunu ina
escaped alone and fled to their own lands saparrijaajumma ul usi na-par-su-du-um-ma
OIP 2 89:54, cf. edis ip-par-sid-ma ibid. ul ip-par-sid nobody who made the sea his
24 i 24, and passim in Senn., also Streck Asb. fortress (or) the mountains his stronghold
68 viii 42, 376 i 11, Bauer Asb. 2 66 vi 31, for escaped from my net or succeeded in escaping
other refs. see edenu mng. 2b; note in 1/3: edis Borger Esarh. 58 v 19; sapar ildni rabiti
sisu ip-par-sid-ma isbata adi ultu ade bit beleja sa la na-par-su-di ishupsuniti edu ul
marqZtiu adar it-ta-nap-ra-si-dukima surdi ip-par-sid the net of the great gods, my
abdrsuma he fled alone and took to the lords, from which there is no escape, over-
mountains, (but) I hunted him out as (with?) whelmed them and nobody escaped Streck
a falcon from the mountain, his hiding place, Asb. 36 iv 61f., cf. ina mesiri danni sa la na-
where he (Ummanalda) tried to escape (and par-Bu-di isirsuniiti Piepkorn Asb. 40 ii 50.
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napasu napasu A
2. to fall into disuse, oblivion - a) with pa-qu Ea IV 219f.; dub - na-pa-fu, dib.dib -
ina qdti: kidinnissunu batilti sa ina qdte ip- it-pu-8u, u.dib.dddb = i-tap-pu-$u Antagal G
212ff.; sig.ga (var. gu.ddb.u) - na-pa-u (in
par-si-du ana asrisa utir I restored their group with abaku, abatu) ErimhuS V 232; ta-ag
privileged status which had fallen into TAG - na-ba-su, na-du-u Idu II 353f.; bi-iz BI -
oblivion Borger Esarh. 25 Ep. 37:35; parsusuu na-ta-ku, ba-8a-su, Ad-pa-a-ku, na-pa-su, bi-i8-
immasdma sikinsu u simdtisu ina qdteip-par- [u-qu] A V/1: 162-166; za-al NI - na-pa-si // -su
sid-ma its (the SamaS temple's) ordinances Ad
pu-A[i-i]q-qa (see napauB) A II/1 Comm. B r. 8.
diib.dub.bu - it-pu-8u (between Sutaktumu
had been neglected and its shape and and salahu) Erimhui V 244; sa.pad = it-pu-qum
appurtenances had fallen into oblivion BBSt. Nigga Bil. B 263; lu-um LUM = t(u-un-nu-bu, i-tap-
No. 36 i 11 (NB). pu-su, ru-us-su-u A V/1:66-68.
u 4 .d6 due.rdul.da sag in.dub.db.b6 :
b) other occ.: ana sutuqqurisu la na-par- uimu naphar niMi amele i-nap-pa-as // ikammar the
demon strikes all people, variant: heaps up (the
su-di mandma so that all of them (the gods), corpses) BA 5 617 No. 1:16f.; guru9.ra mu.un.
not one excepted, might constantly render gi 4 .gi 4 .ne [ki.sikil.r]a mu.un.db.d6b.bu.
him (AMsur) great honor TCL 3 315 (Sar.). ne : etlu idabbitu ardatu i-nap-pa-8u they hit the
man, they strike the young woman CT 17 31:9f.;
3. (uncert. mng.): kispusla lu pi lit-tap-ra- nam.er[im li.ba in.d]ub.dub.be (var. in.
d6b.dibdb.bb) : mamitu ana a-mi-lam Ad[ti] li-pu-
ds-du elisa let her sorceries be chaff, let them u[] KUB 37 100a:25 + 106 ii 17, var. from CT 4
.... at her Maqlu VIII 58; exceptionally 3 r. 18, see Cooper, ZA 61 14.
with metathesis (i.e., formally 1/3): missum gi 4 .in agrig 4.gi4 .a dumu.6.e.kex(KID)
PN lamnis teppasani ... missum istikunu dir(?).bi al.dib.ddib.b : [amtam] abarakkatam
kallatam marat bitim [... ] rinatu-na-ap-pa-i
ta-dp-ta-na-ra-sa-ad why do you (p1.) treat you hit(?) [the .. .] of slave girl, housekeeper,
PN badly? why does she .... with you? daughter-in-law, daughter of the house RA 24
.Tankowska KTK 66:11' (= x+ 9). 36:10, see van Dijk La Sagesse 91 (= Dialogue
5:93f.); Nergal erim kala.ga hul.gl [...] :
In nakru arhis ib-bar-KiD(or -ru) the ia ajabZ lemnutut dan-nu '-nap-[pa-su] BA 5 642
enemy will .... promptly KAR 152:3, also No. 10:19f.
ibid. 2 (SB ext.), the reading of the last sign
is uncertain. 1. to kick, strike, flop about, thrash
around(?) - a) to kick, strike, flop about
napasu see nabdsu. (said of animals): if the blood of the sheep,
after it has been slaughtered, does not gush
out TI.LA ip-pu-us (and the sheep) still
napasu s.; (a stone); lex.* alive, kicks CT 31 32 r. 7 (SB); note in 1/3:
na 4 .na.pa.sum = na-ba-zu Hh. XVI RS Re- summa izbu kima aldu issi it-tap-pa-as-
cension 245. ma [...] if the newborn animal cries out
and kicks as soon as it is born Leichty Izbu
napasu A (nabdsu, napdau) v.; 1. to kick, XVII 82; summa s.ru ana pan ameli it-ta-
strike, flop about, thrash around(?), 2. to pa-as if a snake in front of a man strikes in
kick, to hurl, dash down, qdtam napdsum to all directions STT 321 i 4, dupl. CT 38 35:39;
refuse, reject, to push back, 3. to smash, to [summa K]Ug salpi ... ina bit ameli it-tap-
crush, 4. to tear down, to demolish, 5. to pa-as if a split(?) fish flops about in a man's
clear (accounts, etc., OB), 6. itpusu (uncert. house CT 41 14:8, dupl. 13:5, also unassisma
mng.), 7. nuppusu to crush, to smash, to BAR-t' ip-pu-us wriggles and sheds its scales
smite, 8. nuppusu to clear (accounts, OA), CT 41 14:10, dupl. 13:2 (all SB Alu); uncert.
9. 11/2 to thrash about(?); OA, OB, MB, (ittappas expected): [summa surdru ...
MA, SB; I ippus - inappa., 1/2, I/3, II, II/2; im]qutma it-tap-pi-is KAR 382 r. 9 (SB Alu);
cf. nappasu, napsu, nipsu, nuppuu, tappisu. i-ta-na-pa-a kima nune ittanakbir kima seri
b
du-ub DtB -- na-pa-qu S II 153; tu-ub DiOB, he flops around like a fish, he puffs himself
DOB (two graphic variants of the DTB sign) = na- up like a snake Kiichler Beitr. pi. 2 ii 24 (inc.).
285
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napiau A naps§u A
b) to thrash around(?): [summa qdtd]su pa-sa do not (pl.) refuse me TCL 17 12:9 (OB
i-nap-pa-sa u SepdSu emma if his hands let.); matum sa qti belisa i-pu-[si ana
thrash around(?) and his feet are hot Labat beli]sa iturram the land which refused to obey
TDP 94:48, cf. qdtadu u Sepdsu i-nap-pa-ga its overlord will return to its overlord YOS 10
ibid. 49ff., but summa ... qgtesu i-nap-pa-as 39:12 (ext.), cf. mdtum qdti beli<sa>i-na-pa-as
sepdsu emma if he thrashes(?) with(?) his ibid. 16.
hands (and if) his feet are hot ibid. 168:104;
3. to smash, to crush - a) flax: of the
if saliva flows from his mouth (and) kima
ninety gur of flax lama samem 40 oGR-Su-
immeri tabhi ri]-nap-pa-as he thrashes(?)
nu(?) ap-pu-us amUm ul iksudassunuti before
(with his hands, his feet, his talammu) like a
the rain I had crushed(?) forty gur of it, the
slaughtered sheep STT 89:143 (SB diagn.).
rain did not touch it TCL 17 5:5, of. the rain
2. to kick, to hurl, dash down, qtam should not touch the flax sa na-pa-si amri
napdsum to refuse, reject, to push back - check on the crushing OECT 3 63:20, also
a) to kick someone: Summa ... umdm san lihmutamma li-ip-pu-si-nu-ti ibid. 9, see Kraus,
du ip-pu-us-su if a harnessed animal kicks him AbB 4 No. 141 (both OB letters); u Samasammi
TCL 6 9 r. 15, cf. 14, see RA 19 145; na-pa-as [...] ul na-ap-[si ... ] GIS.HI.A surpam ileq:
imeri [nik]pi alpi nisik kalbi the kicking of q4nimu samassammi i-na-ap-pa-su the flax
a donkey, the goring of an ox, the bite of a dog has not been crushed, they will take fire-
IM 67692:280 (tamitu, courtesy W. G. Lambert). wood(?) and crush the flax ARM 2 87:20;
enna kaspu sa eburi ... a imu sa istu muhhi
b) to hurl, dash down: if she says, "You na-pa-a-su adi muhhi enna ina qdte PN subilu
are not my husband" istu dimtim i-na-pa- now, send by PN the silver from the harvest
su-ni-is-si (case: i-na-du-ni-is-di) they will covering the period from the beating (of the
hurl (case: throw) her from the tower CT 48 flax?) until now CT 22 240:7 (NB let.).
52:14, cf. (if she leaves him) istu dimtim
i-na-pa-si-ni-i VAS 8 4:25 (both OB leg.); b) other materials: 3 GUR kuprum sa 1
Anum abusa istu amde i-pu-sa-si qaqqarsum rdtim sa ip-pu-su-ma ana bitisu ilqi three
Anum, her father, hurled her (Lamastu) gur of bitumen for one drain pipe, which he
from heaven to earth BIN 4 126:12 (OA inc.), crushed and took to his house (record of
see Or. NS 25 142; uncert.: DN [... ] i-na- thefts) ARM 7 263 iv 25; (materia medica)
ap-pi-[...] (replacing the usual qaqqassu tuhassa [... ta]-na-ap-pa-as KUB 4 49 iv 6
limhas) MDP 22 2:8 (OB Elam). (med.); (the priest) [...] x ina muhhisunu
i-na-pa-asmd Ebeling Parfiimrez. pl. 22:10 (NA
c) qdtam napdsum to refuse, reject, to rit.); dr-qi in-bi [...] in-bi i-nap-pa-as //
push back (lit. to thrust away the hand) ki-is-sa-tu IIJd-x-[ .. ] Kocher BAM 401:26;
(OB, Mari): adSum qdt GN i-na-ap-pa-s libbi summa uban hai qablitum aram na-ap-sa-at
PN bell litib let my lord gratify PN so that he if the middle lobe of the lung is .... by wind
might drive back the Southern tribes M61. YOS 10 39 r. 2 (OB ext.).
Dussaud 2 990 a 7; ana qabe mdtija qaransubdt
c) in transferred mng.: may they curse
belija asbat bell qdti la i-na-pa-as at the
him with an evil irrevocable curse adi im
request of my land, I seized the hem of my
sati lip-pu-su zerasu may they forever crush
lord's garment, my lord must not reject me
his offspring 1R 70 iv 25 (MB kudurru).
ARM 6 26 r. 9', cf. qdti ip-pu-i ARM 2 55:29,
[fu]mma qa-at ekallim ip-pu-us ibid. 35; L1 4. to tear down, to demolish - a) in gen.:
GN LV GN, u LU GN itti RN ina panija qdtam mdmit daltu u sikkru n[a]-pa-[s]a the oath
i-na-ap-pa-si the ruler of Ha§§um, the ruler by tearing down(?) door and bolt Burpu III
of Ursum, and the ruler of Carchemish 70; OIS.DA.UD ta[m-l]u- na-pi-is the inlay
refuse, in my presence(?), (to make alliance) of the .... (of the sikru) has been knocked
with Sumu-epuh ARM 1 24 r. 14'; qdti la ta-na- out Sumer 9 34ff. No. 24 i 15 (MB).
286
oi.uchicago.edu
napasu A naptau A
b) in NB leg.: tuppi biti abtu a na-pa-su RA 38 87:4 (OB ext. prayer); [...] el-li-ni it-
u epesu tablet (concerning) a ruined house pu-sa uqtarrabu [...] Lambert BWL 183:7
to be torn down and to be rebuilt (replacing (SB fable of the Ox and the Horse); aSSum it-
naqdru in this phrase) AnOr 8 3:1, also ibid. pu-us kiSada a§dum i-[...] maSka il-x-[...]
2:1, Strassmaier, Actes du 8e Congres Internatio- (Sum. broken) ibid. 261:13 (MA proverb).
nal No. 6:2; rihit biti sa na-pa-eu u epeu u
7. nuppusu to crush, to smash, to smite -
kisubbi the rest of the house which is to be
a) barley and malt: 26 siLA a(text TA)
torn down and rebuilt, and an unimproved
se'am i-na-ap-pi-su(text -su) 26 silas (of
plot GCCI 1 398:6; [bitu abt]a ana nap-pa-su
barley for the men) who crushed the barley
u gammar UET 4 11:1.
Birot Tablettes 56:11 (OB); see also nuppusu
5. to clear (accounts, etc., OB) - a) with adj. and tappisu.
nikkassu as object: (a debt over two years)
sa PN NIG.SID a MU ... a adi MN UD.X.KAM(?) b) people, animals: ut-tap-pi-is barbari
na-pi-is-ma PN2 UGU PN IN.TUKU of PN, labi uktasid he (Enkidu) scattered the
owed by PN to PN2, the accounts of the wolves, he chased away the lions (or emend
(seventh) year (of Samsuiluna) having been to uddappir,see duppuru mng. 2a--') Gilg. P.
cleared to the xth of the second month iii 31 (OB), cf. [.. .]-i barbarima Gilg. II
TCL 11 217:6; x GIN KU.BABBAR NIG.SID K.8574:2; etliti BugguSu usaggas arddti
na-pi-is-ma sa PN <PA> DAM.GAR.MES UGU hubbulu uhabbal TUR.ME nu-up-pu-su i-nap-
PN2 isi x shekels of silver, the accounts pa-as(var. -su) she (Lamatu) indeed murders
having been cleared, which PN2 owes PN, the men, ruins women, and smites children LKU
overseer of the merchants (entire text) 33:26 and dupls., var. from PBS 1/2 113:16 (La-
Boyer Contribution 140:2; (she received her mastu I); DN gariildni [qur]adija2-nap-pi-is
dues for two years) NIG.SID na-pi-is-ma UGU Irra, mightiest among the gods, smote my
PN mimma ul isi the accounts having been heroes 3R 38 No. 2 r. 9, see JNES 17 138:11,
cleared, she has no claims against PN cf. (you, Itar, are) ekallu mu-nap-p[i-sa-at]
YOS 12 249:13, cf. (dates received by PN) qarrddi Gilg. VI 35; [...].MES DINGIR.MES
a-na SA MU.BAL NIG.SID na-pi-is-ma JCS 24 aSaridutu -nap-pa-as the [... ] of the gods
95 No. 7 r. 1, idtu ni-ka-as-si na-ap-si OBT Tell will smash the vanguard ACh Adad 17:35,
Rimah 179:5, also NIG.SID MU ... na-pi-is-ma dupl. ACh Supp. 59:12, 60:2; 1000 sabe muqtab:
VAS 18 9:4, ni-ka-si na-pi-is-ma HSM 7555:2, liSunu ina qereb sade marsi 4-nap-pi-ig
cited Dole Partnership Loans in the Old Baby- damasunu sadd asrup I smote one thousand
lonian Period (Harvard Ph. D. Thesis 1965). of his warriors in difficult mountain terrain,
I dyed the mountain red with their blood
b) other occs.: PN u PN2 [ni]-ka-si-su-nu AKA 236 r. 32, also ibid. 339 ii 114, cf. ibid.
ipuSuma na-ap-sa-a bu-ra-a-ma ana mimma 306 ii 36, 324 ii 83, 224:23, see Schramm Ein-
sa PN ina k-it DAM.GAR-ri ilqiam PN mahir leitung 34, wr. u-ni-pi-is AKA 362 iii 53 (all
libbasu tab PN and PN2 settled their accounts, Asn.); I followed them into the mountains
both were cleared (and) .... , as for whatever muqtablisunu -na-pi-is I smote their
PN took from the merchant's house, PN warriors Iraq 25 56:43; I defeated him
received his due, he is satisfied A 11831:4 muqtabliu u-nap-pi-si 3000 sabe tidukisu
(OB Diyala); kisri~a 70 SAR SIG4 sa PN ana PN2 ina kakke usamqit I smote his warriors,
iknuku istu MU.4.KAM na-ap-sui-u-ma the three thousand of his battle troops I slew in
payment for seventy sar of bricks which PN battle WO 2 414 iii 1 (both Shalm. III); kima
handed over under seal to PN, has been asl[i ina pan] dSpesu i-nap-pi-a (var. 4-tap-
settled since the fourth year VAS 9 40:4, cf. pi-sa) quradiAu I massacred his warriors at
2zssum kisri na-ap-si-tim ibid. 12. his feet like lambs Lie Sar. 410, cf. qurddiu
6. itpuu (uncert. mng.): said of animals: ina pan abullisu kima asli u-nap-pi-is TOL 3
x pure lamb Ba i-na pu-qi a-a-ti it-ta-ap-si 302 (Sar.); JarruHUL.ME§-i i-nap-pa-as the
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*napasu B napiau A
king will smite his enemies K.3780 i 3 and par- good repair, to clean out(?), 6. 11/2 to
allels (astrol.); ITI.IHUL.DTJB.E ... aAcu ina ITI become expanded, 7. IV to ease; from OA,
SE.KIN.KUD DN lemnu[ti ... ] '-nap-pi-su OB on; I ippus - inappus, I/3, II, 11/2,
(the name of the twelfth month is) iHL. 11/3, IV; wr. syll. and PES 5 (TCL 6 19:35);
DtB.E because in the twelfth month Marduk cf. napistu, napistu in bel napisti, napistu in
smashed the evil [...]-s (explaining the da napisti, napidu, napiau in da napidu,
month name by translating IHUL and DUB) nappasu, napSu A adj., napsu s., nipsu A,
Rm. 2,127 r. 10, see AfO 24 102; note through nupiu, tappistu.
confusion with napdau: libbasu 4-tap-pi-i
pe-e PE§ = na-pa-.u Ea IV 119, cf. pe -= [na-
(I defeated him and) smote him (lit. his pa-Au] Antagal F 63; pe-e§ PEA = na-pa-sd Ad
heart) (Hitt. broken) KBo 10 1:24. ma-de-e Idu II 137; e E = na-pa-su, na[palk]id
Diri I 152f., also A II/3:148f.; zu.e.a = MIN
c) other occs.: summa bitu KA.MES-si (= [na-pa-Su]) Aa mu-ur-si-im N1abnitu A 67;
nu-up-pu-su II -si (see napdsu A mng. 5b)
CT 38 11:53 (SB Alu); i-ga-ar t
PN nu-up-
[pa-a] [PA] = na-pa-Su A 1/7 Part 1:6'; [di-ig]
[xI] = na-pa-Su sd Lt A II/1: 15'; MIN (=di-gi)Ni
MIN (= [na-pa-Au]) gd LO EME.SAL Nabnitu A 65;
pu-us-ma guAiriu da ibassd kurruma the wall
di-gi9I = MINAd .EDIN EME.SAL ibid. 64; ni.dib.
of PN's house has collapsed, and the available dub.bu = MIN Ad ma-na-ah-ti to relax, as from
beams are too short IM 67240:5 (OB, courtesy work ibid. 66; gaba.gal = na-pa-[su] Ad e-mu-q
H. al-Adhami). CT 18 50 iii If.; [KAXBAD.x].ba = im-du na-ba-
[Su] - (Hitt.) [...] Kagal D Section 10:11'.
8. nuppusu to clear (accounts, OA): IGI cf. (with ritu) ibid. 4'; [...] = na-pa-Su Igitub
PN IGI PN nikkassini na-pu-si before PN App. A i 7'.
and PN, our accounts have been cleared Iu.duib.bu.ur = nu-pu-su Erimhui I 203;
[...].bu, [su.tu.b]u.6r = nu-up-pu-Su Nabnitu
Hecker Giessen 8:13, of. ICK 2 139:4, also (in
A 77f.; [d]ur.tu.lu, [s]i.gii = MIN (= [e-nu-u]
broken context) [... ] na-pu-si-ma ibid. 144:7. id nu-up-pu-4[i] Nabnitu K 110f.; [te.en.te].en=
nu-pu-us [libbi] 5R 16 r. i 4 (group voc.).
9. 11/2 to thrash about(?): if a man in lipi§ mu.un.si.si.ga : mu-nap-pis libbi (DN:
his bed [...] ut-tap-pa-as Labat, Sem. 3 18 who relaxes the heart BA 10/1 96 No. 17:3f. (coll
iii 5 (med.); uncert.: [summa qitasu ut]-ta- W.G.Lambert), cf. 9h.dib.ba mu.un.si.[si]
sa-la //I -ta-[ha]-za ut-tap-pa-[x] Labat TDP mu-na-pis lib-[bi ... ] K.9172+ :5f.; [... ] en
te.en.te.a.ni : [.. .]-ri mu-nap-pis libbiSu SBB
92:35.
p. 74 No. 42 r. 2f.; ia.u.ku.bi.ginx(GIM) (var
Ad mng. 3a: F. R. Kraus, JAOS 88 117f. sa.kU.mu.bi.ginx) : kima nu-pd(var. -pu)-.u
lk-Ai K.8959:7f., vars. from BM 134793:5f
*napasu B (courtesy W. G. Lambert).
v.; (mng. uncert.); NA; I
ra-bu-u na-pa-Au sd ma-'-de-e Boissier DA 11 i 1i
inappis(?). (ext. with comm.), of. [.. .]-pa-d // DIRI // na-pa.
su Ad maf'1-[de-e] CT 41 39 r. 4 (iqqur puS comm.)
mih[hu] ... ina[qqi] ZiD.DA.MES i-ba(or KUB ut-tap-pa-d - KUR DAGAL-is 2R 47 K.438;
-na?)-PI he libates a mixture (of beer, wine, i 18.
etc.), he .... flour KAR 215 ii 15.
1. to breathe freely, to relax - a) in gen.
The second sign of the verb is different upassih mihistasuma a-nap-pu-us [...] he
from the na-signs of this text, and looks soothed its (the nose's) affliction and now ]
more like ba. breathe freely [... ] Lambert BWL 52:21 (Lud
(von Soden, Or. NS 37 261.) lul III); rumme maksidu lip-pu-us surri
loosen his bonds that he may soon breathe
napaStu see napidtu. freely AfO 19 57:60 (prayer); marsun
murussu i-na-pu-su-ma isannisumma imd
napaSu A v.; 1. to breathe freely, to relax, as for a patient, his affliction will ease fo
2. to expand, to become abundant, 3. to him, but then it will take a turn for (the
make a claim, 4. nuppudu to let respire, to worse), and he will die CT 5 6:63 (OB oil omens)
make feel easy, 5. nuppuSu to air, to put in cf. dumma ummaki it-ta-pu-s Kraus, AhBB
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napaiu A nap8au A
255:16, and see napadusa mursim NabnituA 67, his property will expand Dream-book 325
in lex. section; ina(var. i-na)-pu-uS (entire r. ii 2; mahirmati ina-pu-uA ACh amal 9:14,
apod.) Kraus Texte 3b iii 35, var. from 5:6, also Supp. 2 103:33, ZA 52 248:70, and passim
12, CT 28 25:22; bitu 4 na-pa-sd immar this in astrol., see mahru mng. 2c-1'; mahru
house will see relief CT 40 7:52 (SB Alu); let mat4 ina-pu-us the decreased trade will
the copper be deposited lu na-dp-Sa-ku so expand again ACh Sin 33:71; na-pa-ds
that I can relax CCT 4 3a: 10 (OA), cf. nap- mahiri CT 20 41 r. 15; ebiiru ina-pu-us
sd-ka (in obscure context) ABL 1287 r. 9 (NA, K.3921+ r. 20' (Enuma Anu Enlil LI), also Thomp-
coll. K. Deller); i-na-pu-us inassa inaddi son Rep. 250:2; na-pa-asebiri CT 39 16:48 (SB
ittallak (see nasdhu mng. 7b) PBS 8/2 196:17 Alu), ACh Adad 31:45-54; PE§5 (var. na-pa-as)
(OB); obscure: i-da-at-su ina panisu nap- Nisaba abundance of grain TCL 6 19:35, var.
sat his proof is .... ABL 266 r. 13 (NB); niu from LBAT 1553:6, ACh Sin 27:12, Thompson
pa-la-ha ele'i andku na-pa-a-sd ale'i the lion Rep. 220:3, 221 r. 2, 222:2, TCL 6 16:15,
is able to be respectful, I am able to .... CT 39 18:83 (SB Alu), Borger Esarh. 27 ix 15,
2R 60 col. B 7, see TuL p. 13, dupl. ND 5426:10 Streck Asb. 6 i 48, Piepkorn Asb. 28 i 31.
(courtesy D. J. Wiseman).
3. to make a claim (OA only): kaspam u
b) in personal names: Li-ip-pu-us-ilum annakam lisqulma urkatam ahum ana ahim
Let-Him-Breathe-O-God CT 6 17 iv 12, cf. la i-na-pu-us let him pay the silver and the
Lu-up-pu-us-ilum VAS 13 103:8 and r. 8 (both tin so that later on one will not make any
OB); Li-pu-us-jd'um SAKI 166 e 6 (OAkk.). claims against the other TCL 19 63:46;
kasapka ammakam SaSqilsu mimma [a]nniZam
c) with libbu: [littapsa]h kabtataS libbus la i-na-pu-ja-am make him pay your silver
lip-pu-us let her mind be calmed, let her there, he must not address any claim here
heart respire En. el. II 76; libbaka it-ta-pu-us against me BIN 6 58:18; la iturrumala i-na-
TIM 2 16:75 (OB let.); [...]-e-a upassahma pu-Su they must not make further claims
i-nap-pu-us [libbus?] I calm [the ... ] so OIP 27 62:32; la a-na-pu-Sa-kum I will not
that [his heart?] can respire STT 37:27, see make claims against you AnOr 6 14:23, cf.
Lambert BWL 211:27. ana [...] PN up-sa CCT 2 35:36; sabtaSuma
la i-na-pu-us seize him, he must not make
d) said of horses: tapattar i-na-pu-su any claims BIN 4 42:15, also ibid. 9, 12; summa
tarakkas you unharness (the horses), they ana 6 ITI.KAM sa pd'e la tu<s>teli la tatuarma
rest (lit. snort), you harness them (again) la [t]a-na-pu-u if you do not produce the
Ebeling Wagenpferde F r. 6, and passim in these witnesses within six months, you may not
texts. make any further claims Balkan Letter 17 c/k
e) said of fog: Sittu kima imbari i-nap- 687:22; note in 1/3: ana ina lubuSi pasiutim
pu-us elisu like a fog, sleep wafts(?) upon him jd tim asserika i-ta-na-pu-us ahi atta Sim
Gilg. XI 201 and 204. subati Sebilam he keeps making claims
against you because of two white garments
f) referring to bronze (as technical term): belonging to me, you are my associate, send
tusellama issu libbi kiiri t[a-na]p-pu-us issu me the price of the textiles CCT 4 33a:33;
siparrata-ta-na-ap-siyou take (the "bronze") aSar i-ta-na-pu-su ebarutti uzni iptattiu my
out of the kiln but let it rest (inside the kiln), friends informed me of where he kept making
after you have let the "bronze" rest (you claims BIN 4 37:5; mimma anniSam la i-ta-
place it on a kiln-fired brick) Oppenheim na-pu-Au-nim they must not address any
Glass 43 § 13:108 f. claims to us here CCT 2 32b:15.
2. to expand, to become abundant: akaidu 4. nuppuu to let respire, to make feel
ina-pu-ud his food will become abundant easy - a) with libbu as object: ibkima
ZA 43 94:70 (physiogn.); mimmiAsu ina-pi-u libbaau-na-ap-pC-i she wept and eased her
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napa8u A napau A
feelings Lambert-Millard Atra-hasis 96 iv 12, [amma]la tertika ... TU1G.II.A nu-na-pi-is-ma
also ibid. 100 vi 40; awatam annitam ana in accordance with your order we aired the
la qabemma u inannaluqbima u libbi lu-na-ap- textiles ibid. 17 (OA); bit tupninndte pitia
pi-i-is this thing should not be said, but now nu-pu-sa na-ap-pi-[Sa]ana maskanisu ta'e[ra]
I will say (it) and ease my feelings ARM 5 open the storeroom for chests, air (the gar-
20:6; awilum hablum ... dinsu limur libbalu ments), and return (them) to their place
l[i-n]a-ap-pi-is-ma let the man who was KAV 109:12, also tupninndte iesia nu-pu-sa
wronged read (on my stela) the decision (in) na-pi-Sa ibid. 99:14, sIG sirpa na-ap-pi-a
his (case) and set his mind at ease CH xli 19; ibid. 22 (both MA).
sa nu-pu-us libbi la tatpaliSi awdtim do not
answer her with words to ease her mind b) to put in good repair, to clean out(?):
VAS 10 214 vi 44 (OB Agusaja); i tu-nap-pi-is
sa kima tabu u nu-up-pu-su kullimsuma
libb[u§] let her set his mind at ease SEM 117 show him (a house) which is in good condition
and in good repair VAS 16 21:20 (OB let.);
ii 24 (MB lit.); mannum Sa ... libbakau-na-ap-
he will have the usufruct of the grove (rented)
pa-su-4 who is going to set your mind at
ease? ABIM 20:53; ina nis ilim libbi tu-[n]a- for three years kirdm i-na-pa-as kirdm
by swearing an oath you zakam ana belisu utdr he will aerate(?) (the
pa-Sa(text -vu)
soil of) the grove, he will return the grove
(pl.) will set my mind at ease VAS 16 153:13;
niziqtumma matiamalibbi ul tu-na-pi-is there to its owner in good condition VAS 7 21:11;
is (always) trouble, never have you set my [...] ndram li-na-pi-is let him clean out(?)
the canal Fish Letters 5:7, cf. ID nu-up-[pi-sa]
heart at ease TCL 1 30:13; libbaka u-na-pi-is
OECT 3 31:12, see Kraus, AbB 4 109; summa
Boyer Contribution 106: 10 (all OB letters); attama
bitu bdbdnisu nu-up-pu-su;/ -si if a house has
mdri mu-nap-pi- i libbisu you are the son
.... , variant: broken(?), doors CT 38 11:53
who will set his mind at ease En. el. II 99, cf.
(SB Alu); uncert.: Nabd-mu-ne(?)-pis(?)-c-
libbi ramanika tu-na-ap-pa-as you may be
proud yourself UET 6 414:38 (OB lit.), see Iraq
gir (personal name) ADD App. 1 ii 55;
25 184; mu-nap-pis lib-[bi ... ] CT 25 47
obscure: [... ]-a-nu nu-up-pu-si4 is.ib mdtdti
SBH p. 146 No. VIII v 37; summa ukulld 4-na-
K.8222:18 (list of gods).
pis-ma KU if he eats feed snorting(?) Dream-
b) other occs.: kal umi redd ireddanni book 317 r. i x+4.
ina ~at mi i ul u-nap-pa-sd-an-ni surris all
day long the tormentor torments me, at 6. II/2 to become expanded: KI.BI ut-tap-
pa-ds this place will be expanded CT 39
night he does not let me relax for an instant
11:40 (SB Alu), see also 2R 47 i 18, in lex.
Lambert BWL 44:103 (Ludlul II); ana nuhhu
section.
libbi ilutisunu u nu-up-pu-ud(var. -Js) kabat
tiSunu to appease the gods' hearts and to 7. IV to ease: summa ... tertum la in-na-pi-
iet their minds at ease Borger Esarh. 74 is-ma u la usib if the (burden of my) office
§ 47:12, also JCS 17 129:6; ina qabli Sa lalika does not ease and (I?) do not .... (this dis-
isrupu qerebka nu-up-pis set your heart at trict will fall lower than last year) ARM 14
ease in the battle for which you are burning 69:24.
with desire Tn.-Epic "iii" 28; uncert.: isid
The verbs napdsu and napdsu seem to have
kussija likinma lu-tap-pi-sd beliitu may (DN)
suffered from semantic interference which is
make my position on the throne a lasting one
reflected by variation in the final sibilants,
and ever expand(?) (my) reign Bauer Asb. 2
and by the various derivatives, e.g., nipsu in
74 r. 10; n-pu-p u-ma (in broken context)
the meaning "carded wool" belongs to
MIO 12 53:13 (OB lit.).
napidu B. It is also difficult to differentiate
5. nuppuu to air, to put in good repair, to in meaning between napdau A and napSAu B.
clean out(?) - a) to air: 213 textiles na-pi- The distribution difficulty is compounded by
da-u-nu air them! TCL 14 28:11, cf. the homophony, in Sum., of pes = napdSuB
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napau B napdd
and pes = napaSuA, and duib = napassu in it (the oil poured on water) and moves
but ni. dud. dub = napdau A. toward the south KAR 151 r. 33.
Waetzold Textilindustrie 112.
napaiu B v.; 1. to comb and clean wool,
to pluck apart, 2. nuppusu (same mngs.), napi§u see napasu.
3. IV to be plucked apart; OB, SB, NA;
I ippus - inappaS, II, IV; cf. napistu, napatu s.; (mng. unkn.); Mari.*
napsu B adj., nipsu B, tappastu, tappistu. 1 UD PN 1 UD PN 2 1 UD PN 3 [UD].DU.A
pe-es PE§5 = na-pa-.u, pa-ga-du Sb II 24f., DUB.SAR s na-pa-timx(TIN) ARM 19 413:6
also A VIII/1:18f., Proto-Diri 302f.; pe-es PEg - (early OB).
na-pa-um MSL 2 148 iii 5 (Proto-Ea); [pe-es]
PEs5 = na-pa-su Diri V 89; AG = [n]a-pa-a-u napatu v.; to look at, to gaze at; SB*;
S a Voc. T 6'; [...] = [n]a-pa-§u (in group with I inappat.
mu-ku-u, x-su) Antagal P 230; za-al NI - na-pa-s4
// -su d pu-[i-i]q-qa (followed by nipsu) A II/1 izzizuma i-nap-pa-at-tu qista sa ereni ittas
Comm. B r. 8. naplasu melasu they stood and gazed at the
pe-e PE§ 5 = nu-up-pu-u A VIII/1:21; [x-u]g forest, they marveled at the height of the
MUG = nu-up-p[u-.u] (followed by muqqu, nuqaru)
A VIII/2 :97.
cedar trees Gilg. V i 1, also IV vi 42 (catch
kur.ra sig.mAs.a.ginx(GIM) mu.un.da. line).
pe s.peg : a sadd kima cdrat bilim tu-nap-pi-sd
(you, Nabu) who plucked apart the mountain napatu s.; bucket; lex.*
(region) as if it were goat hair Lambert, Studies
gis.gur.ba.an.dug = MIN (= kip-pa-tum)
Albright 345 r. 3.
na-pa-tum handle of the bucket Hh. VI 100;
1. to comb and clean wool, to pluck apart: [gis.D]IM4 .ba.an.du, = MIN (= [kip-pa-tum])
na-pa-tum ibid. 98.
x siG ni-ip-sum sa PN ip-pu-u-su x combed
wool which PN has carded YOS 5 177:3; 1 ku: For other Akk. equivalences of b a. an. du8
situm ... na-ap-sa-at mazrat 4u-up-pu-ka-at see banduddd and madlu.
tawiat YOS 14 310:18 (both OB); assum
SIG. [I.A] sa [t]ustdbil[am]ap-pu-si-na-ti-ma2 *napa'u see *naba'uB v.
MA.NA ni-pi-si-n[a] Kraus, AbB 5 277:8; itqa napdf s.; 1. tie, bandage, 2. (a reed mat),
i-nap-pa-4 -ma he plucks apart a tuft of 3. (a plant); SB.
wool (and throws it into the fire) gurpu I 20;
gi.kid.s..ra.ah = ki-it na-ak-ba-su, MIN nap-
amurdinnu ana ni-ip-si a-nap-pa-da (see de-e Hh.VIII 328f., in MSL 9 179.
amurdinnu) Craig ABRT 1 26 r. 1 (NA oracles for a-gi-id-du-u, nap-du-, nig-lal-tum, ma-ak-s8u-
Assurbanipal); SiG.HI.A up-Si (var. ep-si) Lam- (etc.) = si-in-du id A.zu Malku VI 143ff.
bert Love Lyrics 108ff.: 20 and 22; NA 4.IME DU. t nap-du-u : t KU§ AM.SI(text .LAM) Uruanna
III 428.
A.BI KU.BABBAR KU.GI ina me qaqqadisu ta-
na-pa-si (obscure) Or. NS 36 35 r. 9 (namburbi). 1. tie, bandage: guuiri sa bit uhiiri
sibsdte u nap(var. na-ap)-de-e u (var. omits u)
2. nuppusu (same mngs.): see A VIII/1:21,
guiirima sa bit hurus DN aniussunu unekkir
VIII/2:97, Lambert, Studies Albright, in lex.
gusuri esiti ulkin I removed the weakened
section.
sahcru-house beams, joints(?), and ties, (and)
3. 1V to be plucked apart: ckima itqi also the beams of the storehouse of IStar,
anni in-nap-pa-su-ma ana isati nadi just as and put new beams (in their place) AOB 1 92
this tuft of wool is plucked apart and thrown No. 10 r. 5 (Adn. I), cf. gu~sri sibsite u nap-
into the fire Surpu V-VI 93, also (said of goat de-e anuifte u labirteunekkir ibid. 98 No. 13:3,
hair, red wool) ibid. 103, 113, cf. mursu . . . cf. 5; ina ser'in rapati dumeliu bibdu
kcima siG enzi anni li-in-na-pi-i[-ma] ibid. tasappi Summanna tapattarma ana muhhi
110, also 100, 120; [.summa] nipdu ina libbisu nap-du-u tanaddi you secure its (the lilissu-
in-na-pi-ed-ma ana uiti illik if a nipu .... drum's) opening with a tendon from its (the
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naphartu napharu
bull's) left shoulder, you untie the tether and r. ii 22 (group voc.); [...] - [MIN] nap-har-r[i]
place (it) on top of the tie RAcc. 14 ii 31. Antagal aa ii 2'; A6.e.mes = nap-har-u-nu, A§.
ni.me.a - nap-har-u-nu-ma Izi E 227a-b;
an.nam.nam.lA (var. an.zi.nam.la) = mim-
2. (a reed mat): see Hh. VIII, in lex.
section.
masum-su nap-har IU.MEs Antagal III 211.
kur.kur nigin.na.zu izi mu.un.da.an.
sub : ina nap-har matatiki isAtu iddima he set
3. (a plant): see UruannaIII 428, in lex. fire to all your lands 4R 19 No. 3:39f.; dDi.kud
section. kur.kur.nigin.na : ana da-a-a-ni Sd nap-har
KUR.KU.ME§ SBH p. 57 No. 30:33f.; ama.gan.
Ad mng. 1: Weidner, AOB 1 92 n. 6.
nigin.na : rimu lid nap-ha-ri womb that gives
birth to all 4R 9:24f.; frost and chills ba.nigin.
naphartu s.; totality(?); OB; cf. pahdru na ba.e : munaSSir nap-har [mimma um]Su
ina na-ap-ha-ar-ti-im ki[am
x]-x-bu TIM 2 (see hurbaSu lex. section) CT 16 12:1 ff.; sig.sig.
ga nigin.nam.l.ux(GI6GAL).lu.kex(KID) u.
80:13' (let.); uncert.: x "bitter barley," of min ma.ra.ni.ib.gi 4 .gi 4 : ziqlqa Aa nap-har
it x .. . -barley na-ap-ha-ar(-)tix 1 (PI) x nisi uSannrka (see zaqqu lex. section) JCS 21 3 :13
SE TCL 10 97:24. (bit rimki); kur.kur.ra na.Am.nigin.na
ka.tar.zu si.il.<si).il : nap-har mata<ti>dallika
idallalu all lands sing your praise TCL 15 16:19;
napharu s.; 1. sum, total, 2. all, whole,
dA.nun.na.kex.e.ne nigin.na.bi ni.bi ha.
universe, totality; from OAkk. on; pl. ra.an.de.e : Anunnaki nap-har-su-nu palhiS
naphardtu (ARM 6 77:18, 47:8, 10 82:14); wr. iba'uka (see bd'u lex. section) RAcc. 109: 11f.,
syll. and Sv.NIGIN, sv.NIGfN, PAP; cf. pahdru. also ibid. 13f., 19f.; KA nigin ki.en.g[i4 ki.
uri] : SU.NIOfN KALAM Sumerim u Akkadim the
ni-gi-in NIGIN = nap(var.na-ap)-ha-ru Sb I 154, entire land of Sumer and Akkad RA 63 36:123
also Ea I 47; ki-li NIGIN, ki-li-ib NIGIN, ni-in-ni (Samsuiluna C), cf. nigin.ki.en.gi.ki.uri : na-
NIGIN, ni-gin NIGIN = nap-ha-rum A 1/2:104, 108, ap-ha-ar mat Sumerim u Akkadim YOS 9 36:34
109, 111; ke-el NIGIN, ki-in NIGIN, ki-lib NIGIN = (Sum.), RA 61 41:39 (Akk., Samsuiluna B);
nap-ha-ru Ea I 43ff.; ni-gi-in NIGcN = nap-ha-ru g6 su.nigin.na nam.mi.in.dib : nap-har mati
Ea I 32m; ni-gin NIGfN = nap-ha-rum A 1/2:55; ikammi it binds the whole land 8urpu p. 52:27
ke-el NIGN = nap-ha-ru Ea I 42; ki-lKIL = nap- (inc.); 6.su.nigin.su.du : bitu da nap-har-si
ha-rum Nabnitu O 287; ki-li [NIGfN] = na[p-h]a- Suklulu KAV 42 r. 18 (temple list), see Frankena
rum A 1/2: 101; [su-ni-gi-in] [au.NIGIN] = n[ap-ha- Takultu 126:174.
ru] Ea VI B 4; [Su].nig-enNIfN nap-ha-rum mu.lu na.Am.ti.la gu ka.nag.gA su.9e
Nabnitu O 286; giS.9u.nigin.na = nap-har mu.un.dib.ba : sa balaf nap-har mati qgtuSSu
i-si (var. GI§.[ME§]) Hh. VII B 312. tamhu he who holds the life of the whole land in
gu-u Gr = nap-ha-rum A VIII/1:64; gui = nap- his hand 4R 9:26f.; [gisgal.g]i.rin.na.mu
ha-rum Nabnitu 0 288; g - nap-ha-ru - (Hitt.) gu.en.n6.er (var. gd.en.na) si ha.m[a.ab.
ta-ru-up-pi-es-gar, g..si = nap-ha-ru = (Hitt.) sa.e.de] : [manzaz]i ella ina nap-har EN liS[teir]
ta-ru-up-pi-eS-sar-pAt Izi Bogh. A 90f.; gi.si = Angim IV 4, cf. gu.en.na.ar : ina nap-har bell
[nap-h]a-rum, gu.si.si = [xx n]ap-ha-ri (Hitt. Lugale I 24; nam.nin gu.sa.bi sag an.se
equivalents broken), gd.si.kur.r[a] = [nap-har] u6 mi.ni.in.il.la : ana sarrutu nap-har-sd-nu
KUR-ti = (Hitt.) KUR-as kar-pi-es-sar Izi Bogh. A rutabbima rise to the rulership of all of them (the
179ff., cf. [gu.si] guy-u-gi (pronunciation) - na- gods) TCL 6 51 r. 11f. (Exaltation of IMtar), see
ap-ha-ru, [gu.si.kur.r]a gus-u-Mi-ku-u-ra (pro- RA 11 149:31; AN pa.e gu.sa6 (var..sa.a) kur.
nunciation) - na-ap-<ha>-ar m[a-ti] KBo 16 kur.ra.kex : AN (var. DINGIR.ME§) uStapu ina
87:10f., see ZA 62 110; [gi] = [nap-hat-ar KUR nap-harmatati (see api v. lex. section) 4R 25 iii 44f.,
Izi F 45; gui.di'rDIR = nap-ha-ri(var. -ru) (in var. from STT 200:3f. and 201:3f.; kur.gt.sa :
group with kullatu, nagbu, kia4atu) Erimhus V 45; na-ap-ha-ar KALAM YOS 9 36:47 (Sum.), RA 61
[gi].si.a - nap-ha-rum Nabnitu O 289; [gu].si = 41:52 (Akk., Samsuiluna B); umun.gu.kalam.
MIN (- nag-bu) Ad nap-ha-ri Antagal G 32; gu. ma : bel nap-har mdti lord of the entire land
mar - gd.gar - nap-ha-ru Emesal Voc. III 83. 4R 23 No. 1 ii 14f., also 16f., see RAcc. 28; g6.
a
[pa-ap] [PAP] - [nap]-ha-ru S Voc. M 4; du-ur gu.ba gi.hul.a im.mar.re.es : ina nap-ha-ri-
DU'l - nap-ha-rum, kaluma A VIII/1:74f.; si-na gu-uh-li-a iddiamma (see gihl lex. section)
tu-un TtrN - kaluma, nap-ha-rum A VIII/1:117f.; SBH p. 118 No. 66 r. 49f.
ta-ab TAB - nap-ha-[ru] Idu II 165; LIS = na-ap- e.ne.em.ma.ni u 4 .de du 8 .du 8 .da su.§e
ha-rum MSL 9 136:610 (Proto-Aa); [i-gi] II = i-lu al.ma.ma : amassu i2mu nap-ha-ra ana bildti
4d nap-ha-ri Idu I 43; [x.(x)].bi - nap-har uz-ni urak[kas] (see biltu lex. section) SBH p. 7 No. 4
Nabnitu Fragm. 9:11; [...] = nap-ha-rum 5R 16 36f., restored after p. 95 No. 52 r. 36, BA 5 617
292
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napharu napharu
No. la:18f.; ze.eb.ba du.[a ... ] : nap-har 108:9, AnOr 8 23:10, 20, VAS 15 5:7, and passim
bir-[li ... ] OECT 6 pl. 17 K.5267: 3f. in NB, KAR 151 r. 52, SBH p. 142 No. V iii 9,
su-li-la-an-ni = nap-har UN.MES Malku I 184. and passim in SB; note, wr. NIGIN KAJ 127:7
[TU].[RA KILB1.BA // nap-har mur-su BRM 4 (MA).
32:18 (med. comm.); [6.sA.Ag].kil // bitu bane
nap-har ilZ [6 / bitu sa.ag // band] kil / nap-ha-ru
3' wr. PAP: PBS 8/1 98:10 (OB), KAJ
11 // i[lu] AfO 17 133:8 (comm. on the name
Esagila), and passim in similar explanations in this 188:14, 201:6, 203:7, AfO 10 33 No. 50:10, 35
text, with g u f nap-ha-ru ibid. 32; GU 4 // napharu No. 58:7, and passim in MA, BBSt. No. 9 iii
// Gou4 / ka-la-ma (comm. on the month name 11, No. 24:26, MDP 2 pl. 16 i 26, and passim in
GU4.si.sA) BOR 2 39 K.738 (excerpt only); SA. kudurrus, PBS 13 72:8, PBS 2/2 4:13, and passim
GIG ( ri[kis m]ursu / nap-har mu[r-s]u ... kul-lat if
in MB, RAcc. 62:15, and passim in SB, ABL 61
na-[ga]b // nap-har // ki-Sat ifGf.SA.A GO // nap-har
// SA // [n]ap-ha-rum Hunger Uruk 39:9ff. (comm. r. 3, 5, 7, 92:18, 393 r. 7, 10, 13, 394:9, r. 1, 4,
on diagn. omens); SA GIR-6s // nap-har GiR.ME-i // 6, 395:9, ADD 623:19, and passim in NA, Nbn.
s[A] // nap-har ibid. 84:19; KIN i/ nap-ha-rum ibid. 252:6, 279:15, 319:6, 351:37, YOS 7 96:20, Bagh.
72 r. 12; Gt.sI nap-ha-ru K.2876 ii 23 (astrol.
Mitt. 5 207 No. 6:10, etc., BE 8 145:18, TCL 9
comm.); DfM.MA.AN.NA ... ana nap-har Sam //
DfM // na[p-ha-ru] ACh Istar 25:52 (coll.); na-gab i/ 58:16, and passim in NB; also often after a list
nap-har Lambert BWL 74 comm. to line 57 of items or names, e.g., PAP 30 qinnu PBS 2/2
(Theodicy Comm.). 100:18 (MB), PAP 5 ZI.MES KAV 39:1, ADD
dDIR, dGt - dBE d nap-ha-ri CT 24 39: 8f. (list 85:6, and passim in NA, PAP 8 ABL 1430 r. 5,
of gods).
YOS 7 67:9 (NB); PAP X .IJI.A Kocher BAM
1. sum, total - a) to indicate an addition 168:16, AMT 39,1 i 57, PAP 23 sarrdni AKA
of numbers given before - 1' wr. SU.NIGIN: 67 iv 83, and passim.
HSS 10 15:11, 27:16, and passim in these texts,
also MCS 9 No. 239 r. 5, 242 r. 10, 246 r. 12, and 4' wr. syll.: na-dp-hu-ru-um 7 dajn
passim in OAkk., see MAD 3 213, also PBS 8/1 total: seven judges Belleten 14 226:29 (Irigum);
14:21, 87:8, PBS 8/2 121:5, 136:6, 171:5, BE SU.NIGiN na-ap-ha-ar EA 14 ii 71, iii 45, and
6/2 55:10, BIN 2 93:7, 94:15, 101:11, Gautier passim in this text; nap-har 33 ildni OIP 2
Dilbat 39:8, VAS 7 163:4, TCL 10 72:31, ARM 52:39 (Senn.); nap-har 10 ude TuM 2-3 1:13
1 17:28, UCP 10 88 No. 12:13, and passim in OB (NB).
econ., KAJ 105:6, 110:13, 177:6, KAV 123:1,
AfO 23 79:10, 19, and passim in MA, HSS 9 44:1, b) grand total: in Pre-Sar. and Sargonic:
112:6, and passim in Nuzi, Aro, WZJ 8 573 HS SU.NIGiN subtotal MAD 5 56 ii 9, iii 10,
115:16, PBS 2/2 68:11, 101:7, and passim in MB, summed up as GC.AN.SE grand total ibid. r. i
KUB 4 95:3 (Bogh. let.), VAS 5 38:12, 18, 48:2, 10, and passim; note SU.NIGIN the grand total
Dar. 26:11, 20 (NB), AU.NIGIN-ma EA 369:12, (summarizing SU.NIGfN subtotals) TCL 11
162:6, 11, and 12 (OB), JEN 641:28 and 30, HSS
13; SU.NIGIN x MU KAR 153 r.(!) 7, and passim
in colophons, see Hunger Kolophone p. 169, also 16 10:43 (Nuzi); note SU.NIGIN SU.NIGIN
KAR 158 ii 45, and passim in this text; note, JRAS 1917 723:8 (OB); SU.NIGiN grand total
II (after subtotals written PAP) PBS 2/2
wr. NIGIN: NIGIN 4 DUB.MES suu a NA IGI -
StI G[IG . . . A 7821:5', and passim in this text 53:41, 66:21 (MB), also SU.NIGIN ... 6U.
(courtesy I. L. Finkel). NIGiN-ma subtotal, total KAR 158 vi 4f.,
PAP ... PAP-ma ADD 429:30 r. i, Iraq 14
2' wr. sU.NIG1N: MDP 22 49:7, and passim 35:149 (Asn.), AnOr 8 33:10f., Dar. 40:14f., TCL
in OB Elam, Laessee Shemshara Tablets p. 69 12 54: 10f.,andpassim in NB, also PAP ... PAP.
SH. 867 r. 15, TCL 10 99:7, YOS 2 151:22, Boyer PAP VAS 6 10:5 and 12, PAP.PAP VAS 5
Contribution 131:6, and passim in OB, AfO 10 41:12, 105:18, VAS 6 10:12, 279:6, Neugebauer
41 No. 95:7 (MA), Hinke Kudurru iii 7 (MB); ACT 811a:7f., 819a:8, PAP.PAP-ma VAS 5
Sl.NIGIN MU.BI.IM (heading of list) PBS 2/2 76:11,83:12, SU.NIGIN SU.NIGiN VAS 5 103:12,
13:2, 59:1, 64:1 (MB), VAS 5 39:17, 91:25, PAP.PAP.PAP.PAP VAS 6 30:23.
293
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napharu napharu
c) other occs.: PAP anni sa PN imhuru Hinke Kudurru i 15, 5R 35:10 (Cyr.); see kul
this is the total that PN received Peisor latu A usage b-5'; re'i nap-har erseti (Anu)
Urkunden 96 r. 4; PAP §a GN total from GN shepherd of the whole earth STC 1 216:4;
PBS 13 80:28, r. 8 (both MB); PAP annd nas nap-har ladnisunu ina iSdti aqmu I burned
mattu simmat all this is a poultice against down all their cities AKA 46 ii 82 (Tigl. I),
paralysis AMT 98,3:12; PAP anniu sa PN and passim in royal inscrs.; note: nap-har
sa PN, ihbiluninni this is the total which kal al ni AKA 197 iv 2, 256 i 4 (Asn.); nap-
PN and PN2 have taken away from me har karasisu ekimsu I took away his whole
ABL 449 r. 3 (NA); PAP anniitu mukinnu camp Rost Tigl. III p. 44:22; milu illakma
all these are witnesses VAS 1 70 v 20 (kudurru); nap-har mati ubbal the high water will come
PAP anniite sa §E.PAD.MES ... la iddinuni and carry off the whole land CT 39 17:54
all these are (persons) who have not delivered (SB Alu).
rations ABL 43:23 (NA).
2' referring to persons, etc.: nap-har
2. all, whole, universe, totality - a) in
salmat qaqqadi ... idallalu qurdiki all the
absolute use: [te]neSetu a nap-ha-ri kalisunu
black-headed (people) praise your valor
all the people of the universe KAR 334 r. 13;
STC 2 pl. 77:24 (prayer to Istar); nap-har sal:
ina asika nap-har gindauqammum[u] at your
mat qaqqadi mala basel Wiseman Treaties 164
(SamaS's) rising the universe lies ever silent
var.; ina nap-htar salmdt qaqqadi VAS 1 37
KAR 32:34; na-ap-ha-ar iri na-ap-[ha]-ar
i 22 (NB kudurru), Borger Esarh. 28:37, and
uldu all (i.e., both) conceived, all gave birth
passim in royal inscrs., for nap-har kissat nisi
Bab. 12 pl. 13:5 (OB Etana); muttabbil teret
see kissatu A mng. 2a; nap-har arraniSunu
nap-ha-ri mukinn beliti En. el. VII 106; ana
ana sepeja useknis I made all their kings
mdlikiiti kullata nap-har izzakra sumasu he
submit to me AKA 71 v 31 (Tigl. I), sU.NIGiN
called his (Cyrus') name for dominion over
malk u rube all kings and princes AOB 1
all the universe 5R 35:12 (Cyr.); pdqid kullat
60:15 (Adn. I); ina nap-har maliki among all
nap-ha-ri Streck Asb. 278:7, cf. DN bdri nap-
kings Winckler Sar. pl. 30:13, and passim in
ha-ri Craig ABRT 2 17 r. 7; note: Summa beli
similar phrases in royal inscrs.; nap-har sarrdni
iSapparam na-ap-ha-ra-am lupqissum if my
lemnitu bile ar[ni] all the evil kings, the
lord writes to me, I will hand over to him
sinners MVAG 21 82 r. 4 (Kedorlaomer text);
the whole (group of girls) RA 42 63:20, cf. 14
ina nap-har dsib parakki AnOr 12 303 i 9, also
(Mari let.), see Finet, AIPHOS 15 18; na-ap-ha-
VAB 4 234 i 17 (Nbn.), nap-har ill AOB 1 110
rum x-x-sa(?) sa PN VAS 16 25:17 (=VAS 13
No. 1:4, En. el.VII 107, and passim; ina na-ap-
8, OB); x igi.gub Su.nigin.na Or. NS 29
ha-ar suhdre kiam taqbiam you spoke to me
276:46 (list of coefficients).
in front of all the servants as follows AJSL
b) in stat. const. before a noun - 1' with 32 290:15 (OB let.); nap-har ummrnija ...
geogr. terms: see RA 63 36:123, RA 61 41:39, usazbilma I had all my troops carry (the
52, cited lex. section; ina nap-har mat barley) away TCL 3 263 (Sar.); nap-har um:
AsSur AKA 88 vi 101 (Tigl. I); nap-ha-ar mdnija RA 7 180 ii 4 (NB Cruc. Mon. Manistusu);
Gutium Winckler Sar. pl. 30:17, and passim in sar mdtcti sa nap-ha-ar lisdnu king of the
Sar.; nap-har mat Kaldi OIP 2 88:45 (Senn.); lands of all tongues Herzfeld API 30:6 (Xerxes);
nap-har mitija Sa ASSur iddina my whole dp 4 .g al .g. e n. n a asaridnap-har beli first-
land which ASSur gave me Streck Asb. 74 ix 44, ranking of all lords (translating the Sum.
nap-har mdtdti AKA 103 viii 31 (Tigl. I), 248 name) En. el. VII 93, and passim in this tablet;
v 49 (Asn.), OIP 2 139:72 (Senn.), and passim in (Nan&) sa ina nap-har belti urbdtu dann~ssa
royal inscrs., STT 43: 62 (Shalm. III), RAcc. 69: 17, whose power exceeds that of all other god-
ABL 277:11; SU.NIGIN KUR.KUR AOAT 1 desses Borger Esarh. 77 § 49:2; nap-ha-rikaspi
134:33 (astrol.); na-ap-ha-ar kalisunu dadmi sa ina panika all the silver which is at your
RA 22 171:51 (OB lit.), cf. OIP 2 86:17 (Senn.), disposal TuM 2-3 257:8 (NB), nap-har NiG.
294
oi.uchicago.edu
napharu naphu
SID.MES-si Nbk. 403:2; nap-har isse idshuma all seized Iraq 17 141 No. 22 r. 16 (NA let.);
all the trees grew tall OIP 2 115 viii 54 (Senn.); nap-har-Si-na belu luSebila let my lord send
PAP epere anndti all these kinds of dust me all of them (the sheep) YOS 3 167:25
ZA 32 174:67; nap-har riqqe tadbti all sweet- (NB let.).
smelling aromatics OIP 2 138:53 (Senn.); nap-
2' after the noun: matdti nap-har-si-na
ha-ar sikari all the beer BE 14 42:13 (MB);
all countries WO 1 456:25 (Shalm. III), sa ...
nap-har gupnisunu all their fruit trees
mcatti NIGIN-i-na ibelu who became master
TCL 3 276 (Sar.); sa nap-har parsi hammu
over all countries STT 40:4, also ibid. 6 (let.
(see hamdmu mng. 2) CT 17 41 K.2873 r. 2;
of Gilg.), also Cagni Erra III c 45, V 60, adi
nap-har kidude ill u istardti all the rituals for
gods and goddesses Sumer 9 152 v 54 (Senn.);
mdtu nap-har-d irbi elini before the whole
land becomes too large for us ibid. I 79; ilu
nap-haruzni all wisdom En. el. VII 104; NIGIN
nap-har-sd-nu salta sahtu all the gods were
tereti all the ominous signs AMT 71,1:32;
afraid of the fight Cagni Erra I 119, cf. ibid. V
nap-har lemnetisunu all their evil (machi-
47, RAcc. 103 iv 10, and passim; Igigi nap-har-
nations) KAR 80 r. 34; nap-har i me all the
s,-nu En. el. III 126, [istardti] nap-har-si-na
days (of the prebend) TCL 12 57:4 (NB);
RAcc. 100 i 21; mare ummannu nap-har-Si-nu
na-ap-ha-ar siddim the sum of the length
all the scholars RAcc. 65:46 (colophon), cf.
Sumer 6 135 side 2, see AMSUH 26 253, cf. SU.
KAS SAG nap-har-su-nu RAcc. 89:8; git Ea
NIGIN iddi u puti all the lengths and widths
fnap-ha-arl-ku-nu qiiani STT 73:94.
VAS 15 12:8, 42:7, and passim in LB contracts
concerning real estate; nap-har sipri sa Belti d) in the plural (Mari only): tuppi um:
sa Uruk all the work for DN AnOr 8 30:9; matim sa na-ap-ha-ra-at [sab]im epistim
SAG.MES ilkar daiputi ... PAP MU.NE (nap= usa[tter]ma ARM 6 77:18, cf. ibid. 47:8, [x].
bar sumiu) the incipits of the incantation IHI.A UD na-ap-ha-ra-at tebibtim ... udSsu
series, all there are KAR 44:1. nimma ARM 10 82:14.
For SU.NIGIN in OA, see istenis usage c.

c) with suffixes - 1' in independent use:
In ACh Adad 3:18 read IM.GT, see Labat
KA in na-ap-ha-ri-su-nuliknuku they should
Calendrier § 93:11.
all seal the gate together JCS 26 74 Cop.
10055:16; ilu rabiturn in svNIGiN-su-nu naphatu see nabhatu.
.. liruru AfO 20 78 ii 5 (Naram-Sin),
Anunnak ina s .NIGtN-Ju-nu ... lirurusu naphu (fem. napihtu) adj.; kindled,
H xliv 74, also Igigi da same Anunnaku s8a blazing (fire), shining, rising (sun, star);
'rseti ina nap-ha-ri-su-nu (var. SU.NIGIN-ju- OB, SB, NA, NB; cf. napahu.
nu) AOB 1 64:50 (Adn. I); Nintu itbema na-
na 4 .mas.da na 4 .dub.ba.an ga.an.zi.ir NE.
zp-ha-ar-su-nu uttazzam Nintu rose and a (var. NE.[x.x]) : NA 4.MIN NA 4.MIN nab-lu nap-hu-
lenounced all of them (the gods) Lambert- u-tum (see nablu A lex. section) Lugale XIII 16;
VMillard Atra-hasis 98 v 38; etel nap-har-'-un izi.mu.mu.da il--p eI-a.la men : i4atum na-
he is lord over all of them (the gods) En. el. pi-ih-tum itp4tum anaku I (IStar) am the blazing
.... fire ASKT p. 129 r. 11f.
VII 94; nap-har-su-nu ittija usankirma he
incited all of them (the kings) to hostility a) said of fire: zikir aptesinaGirranap-hu
against me Streck Asb. 30 iii 105; Akkadl the word of their lips is fanned fire OECT 6
!itbdmma nap-har-si-nu li.samqitma let the pi. 11:6; [...]-ka Girra nap-hu katmu kak
Babylonian arise and subdue all of them kabani same gimirtu your [...] is blazing
Qagni Erra IV 136; qtlamanap-har-ku-nu (var. fire, (beside it) all the stars of the sky are
nIGI-ku-nu) listen, all of you ibid. V 5; invisible (lit. covered) KAR 105:5, dupl. 361:5
hulliq na-ap-ha-ar-Mu-un destroy all of them (SB hymn); KI.MIN (= tele'i) ina Girri nap-
(the unsubmissive) YOS 1 44 ii 29 (Nbk.); hu qardame [n]ad[rulpu?] you are able to
TuSasbissunu PAP.MES-£4-nu I will have them .... the evildoer with blazing fire STT
295
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naphu napi~t
71:28, see Lambert, RA 53 135; for other refs. MA, NB, napSatupassim(nupSutu K.12971: 1C
see isdtu mng. lb-l'; ina kinfini nap-hi pl. nupsdtu ABL 371:8, 1083 r. 13, 1384
sa'il he has asked (for a sign) through a 3, NA), pl. napSatu; wr. syll. and zI, z
lighted stove gurpu II 109, cf. 4a kinni ME(S) (uZU.ZI EA 45:32f., 250:35); cf. napi
nap-hi ArOr 17/1 204:13; uncert.: ja ana 4u A.
muhhi kiru ana nap-ha-ti iddinu (flour)
which they had delivered to the account of [zi]-i zi - na-pia-ti S b I 279, cf. [zi-i] [zI] =- n
[pi-i4-tum] MSL 2 p. 139 C 24 (Proto-Ea); zi
the kiln for the firing(?) YOS 6 38:2, cf. VAS z[i] - [na-pih-tu] A 111/1: 135; zi, szI - na-pi-i
6 84: 16, cited napahumng. 2b. turn Nabnitu A 69f.; Si - MIN EME.SAL ibid. 7:
zi.[pa].ag - nap-sd-tum, S[i.p]a.ag - nap-Sd-
b) said of the sun: piiti drTV na[p-h]u EME.SAL ibid. 74f.; si s i- - zi - n[a-pi4-ti
my forehead is the rising sun Maqlu VII 51, Emesal Voc. II 189; [si.pa.ag] = [zi.pa.A]g
see AfO 21 78. nap-9d-a-tum ibid. 191; i-i SI - na-pi.-t[u
EME.SAL] A V/3:122; si.mu ba.Su.uS.ru - n
c) other occ.: 1 sabubu Ki.GI nap-hu piA-ti us-4u-Sat Antagal G 138.
(among precious objects and jewelry) Iraq 32 si.suh - MI (= bu-ul-lu-u) 4d zI-t[i] Antag
F 189; suh - bu-ul-lu-i ad zi-t[im] Antagal VI]
156 No. 25:10 (NA).
176, suh - bu-ul-lu-u Sd na-pi.-ti CT 18 49 ii 34
d) in figurative use: lu saltakama na-pi- [.. .].s - MIN (= ba-Sa-a-mu) Sa zI-ti Nabnitu
114; ta-ar TD - [nka-ka-su(?)] fdl zI A III/5: 16
ih-ta bulli should it be a dispute of your own, [...] - [MIN ( - ni-ci) 44 na-pi]-i4-ti Nabnil
extinguish the inflamed (dispute) Lambert K 178f.
BWL 100:37; i4dt libbi muti na-pi-ih-tum ibli nig.zi.gal -= ik-na-at na-pis-te(var. -t) HI
the "fire" which was kindled inside the hero XIV 399; nig.zi.gMl - Sik-na-at zi-ti Igitu
I 271; zI.A.GAL F- ikl-nat zI.-[tim] CT 19
was extinguished AfO 13 47:11 (Naram-Sin
K.5973:12 (text similar to Idu); a.za.lu.lu
legend); niphu GIS.TUKUL.MES na-ap-hu-tum ik-na-at na-pi[4-ti] Hh. XIV 386a; [...]- [ii
ibba4ssi it is an indecisive (protasis), there na]t na-pig-ti Lanu B iv 8'.
will be undecided (or: flaring-up) battles zi.bi dug 4(var. tag).ga bi.in.d6 : na-pi
(lit. weapons) in the country RA 65 73:33 ta-44 ilput iqqima he touched its (the animal'
throat and made the sacrifice BIN 2 22:198, va
(OB ext.), see Nougayrol, ibid. 80f. from CT 16 38 iv 4; zi.mu ma.da.lugud.da
ikteru na-pi[4-ti] (they pushed me under wate
naphu s.; (a plant); plant list. *
my breath nearly stopped Lambert BWL 245 iv 4'
6 nap-hu : r imhur eSra Uruanna II 448. m&a zi.a.ni.Se ba.an.sum : urisa ana na-pi
ti-si ittadin CT 17 37 col. B 16f.; nam.ti.]
napihu see nabihu. zi.su.ud : bala na-pis-tiruq-[...] JCS 21 12:4
zi.ba : qa-i-sat na-piA-ti KAR 73 r. 15f., c
Su.bar Si.bi ak.a.ab gi.bi ba.mu.u[n.na.al
**napirum (AHw. 738a): the Elam. word : qi-is-su na-piA-ta-au qi.-is-su na-pis-[ta-Su] OEC
for god, napir, is attested only in the Elam. 6 pi. 2 K.4664:12f.; dAsar.alim.nun.na
divine name Na-pi-ri-Sa "great god," see su.ud.gal x [...] : d AMAR..U na-din na-p[i-
AfO 24 96 n. 13. ... ] STC 1 180:4f.; zi.ma.al gir.gir.re : gam
na-pi-ti mugda4ru 4R 21 No. 1 B r. 14; su
erim.ma zi : mu-bal-li na-pia-ti rag-gi OECT
napiStu (naputu, napultu, napatu, na: pl. 8 K.5001:6f.; zi.ni.ta (var. adds tdS) in.d;
paltu, napsatu, *nupsatu) s.; 1. life, vigor, an.ku.ku ki.nam.ui ba.an.keS : itti na-pi
vitality, good health, 2. living beings, ti-Su itakkal itti miiti rakis as to (lit. with) his li
3. person, somebody, (negated) nobody, he (the sick man) is consumed, with death is ]
bound up CT 17 19 i 25f., cf. lA.ux(GI GAL).lu.
4. capital case, 5. personnel, persons of zi.ni.ta L.bal.bal.e : amelu §u itti na-pia-ti
menial status, animals counted in a herd, it-ta-nab-<bal)-kat CT 16 24i 12f.; Si.mu zi.ir.:
6. body, self, 7. breath, 8. livelihood, [...] : na-pi-ti ftaSu [...] BA 5 640 No. 8 r. 13:
provisions, sustenance, 9. throat, neck, Si dA.nun.na.ki.e.[ne ... ] : na-pid-ti "M
10. opening, air hole, 11. neckerchief; from SBH p. 6 0 No. 31:5f., of. si.bi kur.kur.ra [..
: da-ad-mu na-pi-ta ti-[...] ibid. 3f.; ud.da
OAkk. on; napatu in OAkk. and OA, also
ia.ga [hib.x].db.en.ma.al : imu na-pi-ti i
ARM 1 1 r. 11', naputunapultuin MB, Nuzi, libbi [...] libbi ibid. p. 97 No. 53:70f.
296
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napitu la napittu la
im.ze.eb.ba zi kur.kur.ra.kex(KID) : Baru ZI.MES makkura zerma na-piS-ti bullit a-
fabi na-pig-ti KUI.KUR.MEg (your utterance) is a bandon riches, seek (only) survival, spurn
sweet breath, the sustenance of all countries
SBH p. 45 No. 22:17f., cf. ii kur.kur.ra : na-
possessions, (only) keep yourself alive Gilg.
pi-tim KUR.MEA ibid. p. 128 No. 83 r. 23f.; XI 25f., also makkira zerma na-pi-is-ta bullit
lugal.e ... UD.SAR dEN.zu.na.ginx(GIM) zi Lambert-Millard Atra-hasis 88 III i 24; itti sabim
kalam.ma su.du7 : 4arru ... 9a kima nannari sa imuttu na-pi-is-ta-ka you stake your very
Sin na-pi-ti mati ukallu CT 16 21:184ff.; eisika.
life for every man who perishes PSBA 1911
nag.gA mu.un.mal.la : E sa ana a-pig-tum
mati isAak[nu] SBH p. 56 No. 29 r. If.; am
ka.nag.ga mas.sud ki.in.gi.ra : belu na-
9i p. 221:14; andku amtaras ina na-pi-i8-tim
e-li-i I fell sick and barely escaped with (my)
mu.lu.gin 9i
pis-ti mati massi am u erpeti 4R 27 No. 4:63f.;
ma.daki : mu-kin na-pis-ti mati
Iraq 5 56 r. 6 (list of names of Babylon); zi.um.
life CT 2 49:9; na-pi-is-tum itibSumma life was
dear to him TCL 1 29:30, cf. (as an excla-
ni.im i <(ma).da gs an(text AN+DI9) ne.et.te
mation) na-pi-is-tum ibid. 31, also TIM 2 121:
si.li.ma : ana zI-a s zI KUR-ti-a ana Aullumi to 16 (all OB), na-pu-ul-tum HSS 13 51:10 (Nuzi),
save my life and the life of my country Labat Suse see also Malku II273, in lex. section; difficult:
No. 1 i 33ff. ana na-pi-is-ti dekdku (end of letter) TIM 2
zi.pa.ag.na.kex u.me.ni.k6e : na-pia-ta-sd
rukusma (parallel: kidad marsi rukuwma) CT 17
82:21, [.. .] na-pi-is-ti la-mi TCL 18 81 r. 2
21 ii 82. (both OB letters); aq-ra-ti na-pu-us-te-ia my
[na.am.1]u.li mu.un.zi.ga.l[i x.x].sa hi.a precious life Lambert BWL 192:5 (MA), for
: u lu awelitum aa ana Ai-ki-in na-pi-is-tim [au]mam other refs. see aqruusage c-4', see also aqdru v. mng.
nabiat or any human being who belongs among the
Ib; kima na-pi-is-tam arammu atta ul tide
living TIM 9 35:22; zi.la,.gal dInanna.me.en
: i-kin (var. sik-na-at) na-pi[A-ti] (var. zI-tirm) do you not know that I love (you like my
Itar anaku I am the creation of IStar Angim own) life? ARM 2 72:24; 4a ... sAtu belsu kima
IV 14; zi.gal.la sipa.[bi] : re'u i-kin na-pia- na-pi-iS-ti-Su irammusu whom his master
tum shepherd of living beings UVB 15 p. 36:7; loves as his own life Laessee Shemshara Tablets
mA .anse nig.zi.gAl : bill Sumuqan i-kin na-
piA-ti CT 13 36:22. 81 SH. 812: 57, cf. ki nap-sat-ku-nu la tar'amani
[lugal] nig.zi.gal : bel ik-na-at zI-tim Wiseman Treaties 268, also rd'im na-pis-tu
OECT 6 p. 54:19f.; nig.zi.gal nig.a.na mu. (Samar) who loves my life VAB 4 232ii 2 (Nbn.),
sa 4 .a : ik-na-dt na-pia-ti mala Auma nabd 4R 29 and see rdmu; ZI.MER GID.DA.MES addan:
No. 1:43f., cf. un zi.gal : nizi sik-na-at na-pia-ti
nakka I (the god) am giving you (Assur-
CT 17 36 K.9272:10; tuim.tiim si.ma.al.[la] :
mut-tar-ru-d ik-na-at na-pis-tim 4R 9:49ff.; banipal) a long life Craig ABRT 1 6:24 (NA
si.ma.al mu.un.da.ma.al.la : Aik-na-at na- oracles); for ardku said of life see ardku
pis-ti urappaS ibid. r. 3f., of. ibid. obv. 24f., cf. mngs. lb-2' and 4; for kurrd to shorten life
also si.ma.al.la.kex : a sik-na-at na-pia-ti see kard v. mng. 2a-l'; ana nap-Sa-a-ti
4R 29**:1f.; tu,(?) il.lu Si.ma.al.lak i : (alu)
4d ana sik-na-at zI-tim ta-'-4 na-u-u Iraq 5 56 r. 3 innabtu they fled for their lives OIP 2 92 r.
(coll. O. R. Gurney); i.ma.al : sik-na-at na- 25 (Senn.), cf. innabtuma nap-sd-ta iSe'd
piA-ti BA 10/1 96 No. 17 r. 5f.; zi.gS.gal ].kur. they fled seeking life TCL 3 193 (8ar.), cf.
ra : sik-na-at na-pi-ti .KUR Angim II 34; ana na-pi-is-tim x-ta-bi-it YOS 2 104:15 (coll.
dNisaba nin zi..gal.la.kex : dIN belet ~ik-
R. Harris); UD-na-pu-u4-[te] KAR 27 obv. (!) 2
na-at na-pia-ti BA 10/1 105 No. 24:6ff.
ap-pu-ut-tu - na-pu-ul-tc, la te-gi Malku II and 4 (= Lambert BWL 95), also UD-na-pus-te
273f., but a.ma.uru.kam (i.e., apputtu) = pu- CT 18 30 iv 9, but UD-ZI Gilg. X ii 28, XI 1,
ul-[...] MSL 13 147:6'. etc., U-ta-na-is-tim Gilg. M. iv 6 and 13; I
I -= na-p[iA-tu] STC 2 pl. 53 r. ii 42 (comm. on made a hole through the wall ina na-pi-iS-
En. el. VII 132).
tim usem and escaped with my life ARM 3
1. life, vigor, vitality, good health -
a) life (as against death) - 1' in gen.:
71:17, cf. sa ana nap-sa-a-te(var. -ti)
OIP 2 47 vi 34 (Senn.); the balance of the
usd
mu-tum nap-sa-tum (this is a matter of) life people 4a ana si. na-pi-ti ipparidu who
and death MRS 9 192 RS 17.289:20, also VAS fled to save their lives TCL 3 146 (Sar.); ana
19 51:9 (MA), Ugaritica 5 33:33, but na-pu-ul- na-pi-ti ana Sade ... [MI]N (= erubu)
turn nap-Ad-tum ibid. 29; muAdir mesre se'i STT 43:45, see AnSt 11 150; aj uzabbil na-pid-
297
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napiftu la napittu la
ta-s ni-[...] he must not spend his life lissuru may GN and DN protect the life of
[in ... ] AfO 19 53 r. iii 167; in broken my lord, may all the gods my lord reveres
context: [n]a-pu-ul-ta--u-nu Tn.-Epic "i" 25; protect the life of my lord BE 17 5:7 and 10
note the idiomatic phrase with abalu "to (MB let.), also JCS 6 144:6, and passim, sec
take refuge with a deity": zi-ti ublakki nasaru mng. 6a; Bel Nabd Nergal nu-up-sa-tu
BMS 57:12, see Ebeling Handerhebung 58, and sa sarri belija lissuru ABL 371:8, also ABL
see the Sum. and Akk. refs. cited abalu A 1384 r. 3 (NA); mukil na-pis-ti-ka lu Marduk
mng. 5a (napistu), but correct the meaning JRAS 1920 567 r. 14, cf. mukillat na-pi[s-ti]
given there; note the atypical baldssu BA 5 650 No. 15:19, also [... ] nap-sd-ta ukallu
salamsu u balat ZI.MES-Si ina
qe-e ZI.MES-ia [...] BBR No. 83 iv 21; na-pd-d-ti-ni i.stenis
pt DN ... qabi kin has his life, well-being, e-te-er and save our lives at the same time
good health and "thread" of life been KTS 24:35, cf. na-pd-dc-ta-ak-nu u na-pd-ds-
pronounced and confirmed for him by DN? ti-ni li-ti-er RA 59 165 MAH 19612:20f. (both
(for qi in connection with napiStu see mng. OA); ana eter nap-sd-ti-si-nu (var. na-pu-ul-
9a-4') IM 67692:310 (tamitu, courtesy W. G. ti-su-nu) Weidner Tn. 4 No. 1 iv 15; KAR ZT-
Lambert). tim LKA 111:9, for other refs. see eteru A rng.
3b-1' and 3b-2'; ina pusqi tu-se-zi-bi nap-sat-su
2' referring to the granting, bestowing, you (fem.) saved his life in danger Craig ABRT
etc. of life: edu amelu na-pis-ta-si la uballat 2 21 r. 9, cf. su-zi-ba(!) zI-ti ina dannati
not a single man will keep his life Cagni Erra PBS 1/2 106:30, see ArOr 17/1 178; [mu]sezibat
IV 48; na-pa-d4-ti uballit I escaped with my na-pis-ti KAR 73 r. 20; ana su-zu-ub ZI.MES-
life ARM 1 1 r. 11'; for the nuance "to spare su ana iD GN imqut he threw himself into the
a life, to pardon a criminal" see baldtu v. Euphrates to save his life AKA 351 iii 19 and
mng. 8; for the nuance "to keep (an army) passim in Asn., Shalm. III, etc., see also ezebu inng.
alive" see balatu v. mng. 7; I had mercy 6b-2'; jist na-pis-ti sakna those endowed
upon him istu alija ... ana na-pis-ti(var. with life Lambert BWL 126:25, of. siknat
-te) umassirsu and released him alive from nap-sat DN (she who is) provided with life by
my city (to praise the great gods) AKA 71 Dagan AfK 1 26 r. iii 28; ana su-zu-ub fzil.
cf. ana nap-Sd-a-ti mussiranni
v 28 (Tigl. I), MES-s4 ana mati la ide panisu iltakan ABL
Borger Esarh. 103 i 17; many who sinned 1411:10 (NB); attunuma ana abikunu na-pd-
against the king, the king has pardoned ds-ta-ku-nu lu sdl-ma-at your (pl.) lives
zI.MES-i--nu irensunti and granted them should be preserved for the sake of your own
life ABL 530 r. 9 (NB); the goddess mu: father TCL 20 112:26 (OA let.); ulldnu lu-ui-
ballitat mitu nddinat zi-tim ruqtam VAB li-ma na-pi-i[s-ti] from now on may I remain
4 278 vii 14 (Nbn.), see also STC 1 180:4f., in safe and alive Gilg. Y. v 218; ana su-lu-um
lex. section; nap-d-ti uruk grant life KAR zI-tim-44 . .. ipparsid Streck Asb. 376 i 10.
83 ii 10, etc.; Nisabaqa-i-sd-atzI-tim Lambert
BWL 172:17, also BMS 7:37, etc.; apart from 3' referring to the termination of life:
Sarpanitu iStartu ajitu i-qi-sd nap-sat-su na-pis-ta-su-nu lu 4-b[al-li] Lambert BWL
which goddess could have granted him life? 194:27, for other refs. with bald and bull see balk
Lambert BWL 58:34 (Ludlul IV), na-pis-ta mngs. lb and 2b; may the gods look angrily upon
qi-am grant me life ASKT p. 75 r. 7, see him na-p[i-is-ta-su]... li-[hal]-li-[qu] BE 1/2
JCS 21 10:97 (bit rimki), etc.; for gamalu No. 149 ii 19, cf. li-hal-li-qa nap-sat-ku-un
"to spare life" see gamdlu mng. 2a-1' and Wiseman Treaties 432, also ina miti lemni 'i-
2b-1', also gi-mil zi-ti BMS 14:4; na-pis-ta- hal-li-qu nap-at-su Streck Asb. 212:17; sa
su gimilma En. el. IV 17; Gula gdmilat na- ... 4-hal-li-qu nap-fat-su who brought
pi-id-ti-ia VAB 4 108 ii 41 and dupls. (Nbk.); about his own undoing Borger Esarh. 105 ii 15,
Der u Itardn na-ap-a-at bilija lissuru ildni cf. [nap-sa]t-ku-nu (var. ZI.MES-ku-nu) la
mala bll palhuSunti na-ap-a-a-ti a belija tu-hal-la-qa-[ma] Wiseman Treaties 293, also
298
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napittu la napitu lb
ZI.MES-ka la tu-hal-la-qa ABL 1217:11 (NA), ADD 311 r. 14, LUGAL.ZI.AG ADD 922 iv 5,
uhalliqu nap-sat-su Streck Asb. 36 iv 52, see dUTU.ZI.AS ADD 164 r. 9, dAG.ZI.PAP ADD
also halaqumng. 3d; inabubuti na-ap-sa-tu-[su- 536 r. 2, dpA.AG.ZI ADD 112 r. 5, and passim in
nu] qa-ta-a through starvation their lives similar names in NA.
came to an end BE 17 96:9 (MB let.), cf. ina
unsi u SA.GAR-e na-pis-tus liq-ti BBSt. No. b) vigor, vitality, good health - 1' in
36 vi 53, also ina su-[gi(?)] diliptu na-pis-ta- gen.: ever since I came here amrasma na-
ku-nu liq-ti Wiseran Treaties 487; [n]a- pi-is-tam aksud I have been sick but (now)
[p]is-ta-ni lu iq-tu-ma lu nimut [itti ahamis] I have regained health TCL 18 91:6, cf. na-
Cagni Erra IV 90; ana qi-it na-pis-ti-$u-nu pi-is-ti ummika ku[sd]am ibid. 81:13; PN
LKA 62:6, see Ebeling, Or. NS 18 35; ana qatii (the physician) should come here quickly
ZI-te Iraq 31 31:52 (MA inc.); ina kakki na-pi-iS-ti PN2 likiud to achieve good health
ramanisu 4-qa-ta-a na-pis-tus he ended his for PN2 ARM 1 115:17; send me two silas of
life with his own weapon Lyon Sar. 5:27 and oil, sickness has seized me ina na-pi-is-tim
parallels, also ina patri parzilli sibbisu na- annadi my very health has become affected
pis-ta-su i-qat-ti Winckler Sar. pl. 33:77 and TCL 1 43:18, cf. ina sattim an-ni-'im>-tim
parallels; ina patri parzilli ... miqit isdti ina na-pi-il-tim nadidku TCL 18 123:19, ina
husahhi lipit Irra 1i-qat-ta-a nap-sat-su-un na-pi-is-tim tanaddianni VAS 16 53:17, cf.
Streck Asb. 32 iii 126, Sa ... la iqtu ZI.MES ina na-pi-is-tim amat ibid. 203 r. 4 (all OB
ibid. 314 8 2, dupl. AfO 8 182:4, also (the letters); ina na-pi-is-tim nadi madis marus
wounded lion) [na]-pis-ta-id ul iqti 1R 7 No. ARM 1 115:12, cf. ina na-pi-is-tim nadeku
IX c 2, see Meissner, MAOG 13/2 7 (all Asb.); Finet, AIPHOS 15 19:55; [na]-pi-is9-tam u
ina qastijadannate ... na-pis-ta-su-nu ie-seq-ti pirham eris I long for good health and
AKA 85 vi 67 (Tigl. I); ul is-ku-nu na-pis-tu progeny ARM 1 3 r. 27'; 1 SAR E ana ilisu
they did not die (lit. lay down life) AfO 19 ana na-pi-is-ti-su ureddi he has dedicated
66:9, cf. sa ina sungi bubti is-ku-nu na-pis-tu one sar of a house (plot) to his god for his
StreckAsb. 38 iv 80, also 32 iii 135,74 ix 35; isqdn good health CT 6 36a:8 (OB); Sama samsam
ni masqissu sa TI-e zi-[tim] she (the witch) awilam ana na-pi-is-ti-su irris Samar
made me drink one of her potions that take demands from the man a sun disk (as votive
away one's vigor BRM 4 18:3 (inc.); ta-ba-ak offering) for his (the man's) good health
na-pis-ti-su kima me the pouring out of his CT 5 4:6, cf. gamaS amsa ana na- <pi>-i.s-ti
life like water CH xlii 93, cf. na-pu-ul-ti awilim irris YOS 10 57:8 (both OB oil omens);
ummanatisunu rapsdti kima m lu atbuk etlu ana na-pis-ti-sh immer niqe ibattilu
AOB 1 120 iii 21 (Shalm. I), na-pis-ta-su kima the man will be in need of a sheep (to make)
me lit-bu-uk MDP 2 pl. 17 iii 33, also Hunger the offering for his health Cagni Erra IIIa 22;
Kolophone No. 234:10 and 355:3; but the god great Ninurta ina mahrika zi-tim lutir may
who has conceived the evil deed tu-bu-uk I gain added vigor before you JRAS Cent.
nap-sat-su execute (opposite: na-pis-ta-su Supp. pl. 3 r. 11; belu attamax [x (x) na]-pis-tus
gimilma) En. el. IV 18; Girru zI-si-nu kima ... Marduk attama x [x (x) n]a-pis-tus BA 5
me lit-[bu-u]k AfO 18 293:62; na-pis-ta-gu 393 No. 22:42 and 44, see AfO 19 56:53 and 55;
4-sat-bak-Su Lambert BWL 32:59 (Ludlul I). sullim na-pi-is-ti tibbi sereja protect my
good health, keep me well VAB 4 78 No. 1 iii
4' in personal names: Be-li-na-pd-ds-ti 46 (Nbk.); musallim zi-ti ... mudesdi balati
MAD 1 163 iv 27, also BIN 8 143:8; for ulgi- he (Marduk) protects the health, renews
napisti and Sulgi-zI.MU see MAD 3 p. 204 (all vigor BMS 9:5 and dupls., cf. [mu-Sa]l-lim
OAkk.); Saman-na-pa-al-ti TCL 10 4:19, Figulla na-pid-[ti ... ] PBS 1/1 18:14; Sullim na-
Cat. No. 13916 (OB); SAG.iL.ZI.MU CT 4 44c:17, pif-t[i] Si. 79 r. 8 (courtesy W. von Soden),
UTU.ZI.MU CT 8 31b:17 and passim, always also AMT 57,2:3; summa SILTM ... Jakin
in Sum. formulation, in OB; DINGIR.ZI.AG SILIM-mu zI-ti if there is a ,ulmu-feature
299
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napittu 2a napittu 4
(on the exta): good health KAR 423 ii 49, also 2' referring to animals: NUMUN ZI.MES
58, 5R 63 B 12 (Nbn.), see VAB 4 266:12, etc., kalama all kinds of living beings (i.e., of
also, wr. SILIM-um zi-ti TCL 6 3 r. 29, SILIM- animals) Gilg. XI 83, also ibid. 27; [si-kin (or
um ZI BRM 4 12:73 (all SB ext.). zer)na]-pis-ti namrmati qaqqari BMS 32:10;
kala abratu [bu-lunm i-ik-na-at] zI-tim Kocher
2' with balatu and bullutu: for baldt BAM 323:25, cf. [mas].anse nig.zi.gal :
(wr. TI.LA and DIN) napisti (or naps4ti) see bil iakkan si-kin na-pid-ti PBS 1/2 126:7, sec
balafu s. mng. la, lb-1', ic-l', and 1c-2', OECT 6 p. 52:15f.
and add ana DIN na-pil-ti martiSu J. Lewy,
Goldziher Memorial Volume 1 315 (seal from Tanis), 3. person, somebody, (negated) nobody:
and note ana IM ZT.ME§ CT 22 184:6 (NB let.); sarru na-pi-is-ta[m] aSrdnum iduk the king
for bullut napisti see balatu v. mng. 6a-3'; executed somebody there ARM 2 18:33; ina
Gula muballitat na-pi-is-ti-ia VAB 4 108 ii 49 mat GN na-pu-ul-ta ul idukku one does not
(Nbk.) and parallels; note assu sa-ta-pu na-pis- kill people in the Hittite country KBo 1
ti Lie Sar. p. 80:12. 10 r. 15, cf. [dd]ikdna sa na-pu-ul-ti the
murderer of the person ibid. 17, cf. also r. 19
2. living beings - a) in gen.: the creation and 20; if they do not discover the one who
of Aruru mithari na-pis-ti all the living murdered him zI 3-s4 umalli they will
beings Lambert BWL 86:258 (Theodicy), cf. deliver three persons as a fine MRS 9 153 RS
na-gab na-pis-ti (Sum. destroyed) KAR 128 17.230:14, cf. 10 ZI.MES umallinim ibid. 237
r. 25, salmdt qaqqadi pu-hur zI-ti BMS RS 17.251:14, mulla Sa ZI.MES ibid. 159f.
27:9; sumqita zi-ta (vars. zi-tim, na-pis-tu) RS 18.115:17 and 33; in place of the unborn
exterminate all life Cagni Erra I 38; mukin child (that he killed) nap-sa-a-te umalla
igise SA.VD na-piS-ti AfO 19 63:50; see also he gives restitution (as for) a person KAV I vii
zeru mng. 5b; in personal names: Nabd-EN- 69 (Ass. Code § 49), also ibid. 73, 81, and 91 (§ 51);
nap-sd-a-tum VAS 6 226:2, also, wr. EN.ZI. ajumma (var. [... ]-nu-um-ma) usi na-pis-ti
MES VAS 3 18:13 (NB); abbreviated(?) Na- where(?) could anybody escape? Gilg. XI 173,
pu-us-tum Nbn. 55:3, Dar. 38:4, VAS 4 54:6, of. Lambert-Millard Atra-hasis 100 vi 9, see ibid.
118:16, VAS 6 124:12, 257:2. p. 164; 16000 ZI.MES sa GN 16,000 persons
from Calah Iraq 14 35:147 (Asn.); do not go
b) with sikin, sakin, sikintu, and sakittu -
to court against me nap-Md-ti a qallika
1' in gen.: lu amelita si-kin zI-ti AKA 250 v
u-sal-lam-ka I will replace your slave for you
70 (Asn.); E.ZI.DA E si-kin na-pis-ti sa il
with a person (or a fine) Nbk. 365:7; na-pis-
rabiti BMS 33:8 and parallels; muballit sik-nat
ti ul [ezib] he left none alive Winckler Samm-
zi-tim (Adad) who revives all living things
lung 2 No. 1:21 (Sar., Charter of Assur), also
Borger Esarh. 79:7, cf. lu ina sik-nat zI mala
OIP 2 55:58 (Senn.), etc.; Samas should trap
basi Wiseman Treaties 164; sik-na-at na-
you in a net and aj uses.i nap-sat-kun not let
pis-ti (in broken context) CT 13 34 D.T. 41:5
any of you escape Wiseman Treaties 651.
and 3; a sik-na-at zi-tim nabnissinaishirma
the reproduction of living things diminished 4. capital case: din na-pi-is-tim Goetze
Cagni Erra I 137, cf. sik-nat zi-tim ibid. 177, LE § 24 A ii 24, of. CH § 3:65; he pays x silver
also bel sik-nat na-pis-ti(var. -tim) BA 5 325 din na-pi-is-tim ARM 8 1:30, cf. ARM 5 12:4,
No. 3:5; Samas dan Sa-ki-in na-pi-is-tim din mitu na-pil-tu KAJ 316:15 (MA); PN di:
Syria 32 12 i 9 (Jahdunlim), mustesir Sa-aknu sa ZI.ME§ ana libbija idabbub BIN 1 43:22
na-at na-pi-i-tim CH xliii 18 (epilogue); for (NB let.); awat na-pi-is-tim ana karrimma a
iikitti nap-u En. el. VI 129 see napfu s.; capital case - it goes to the king Goetze LE
[]d-ki-it-tu nap-dc-tu Lambert BWL 58:41 § 48 A iii 44 and B iv 3, shortened: na-pi-is-
(Ludlul IV); exceptional: NUMUN ikc-nat zz- turn simdat ,arrim ibid. § 58 A iv 28; .umma
tim TCL 3 97 (Sar.); uncert.: i.GIT.LA ZI.SA. na-pi-is-tum CH § 24:46; he has taken an
GAL 4 wardi ,arrim UET 5 607:59 (OB). oath ina ZI.MES in a capital case (as against
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napigtu 5a napi~tu 6b
ina Surqi in a case of theft) urpu II 86; b) animals (NB only): naphar 12 ZI.MES
mesir na-pis-ti isabbassu KAR 401 r. i 5 (SB (referring to cattle) Nbk. 348:9, also Nbn.
physiogn.). 54:6, 312:2, 646:3 and 7, Dar. 222:7 and 9, note
naphar naphar46 GUD.MES ZI.MES Cyr. 117:29,
5. personnel, persons of menial status, cf. (referring to sheep, etc.) Nbn. 948:6, Pinches
animals counted in a herd - a) persons: Peek p. 6 No. 3:13, ZA 4 143 No. 15:6; prob-
(after a list of 15 names) zI PN SU.NIGIN 15(!) ably referring to sheep given annually by
ERIN.I.A personnel under PN, in all 15 men the tenant to his landlord: ina satti 2-ta
VAS 13 103:16 and r. 16 (OB); NA-AP-SA-DU NAM.ZI.ME§ u tabilu inandin every year he
personnel (Akkadogram in Hitt.) KUB 13 (the tenant) delivers two sheep and the
8: 16f., 36 117:12, KBo 5 7:11, see Kammenhuber, tabilu Cyr. 231:11, for tabilusee Oppenheim Miet-
ZA 56 151 and n. 2, 191; [4 ZII.MES EA 62:33; recht 87; difficult: silver sa ana nupti a
he will not make any claims agum 7 ZI.MES [ZI1.MES PN PN 2 ... iddinu BE 8 31:8.
(adding up three males and four females)
MRS 9 168f. RS 17.337:21, cf. ibid. 8; naphar 6. body, self- a) body: imes s ru ana
41 ZI.MES URU GN ana qatinnte ana DN sumgut ZI.MES-- <nu> the plain was too
small for .... their bodies (they ran out of
addinsunuti I have given a total of 41
land to bury them) 3R 8 ii 100 (Shalm. II1);
persons from Arbela as farmers(?) to Zababa
KAV 39:12, cf. (listing men, women and children) lu panikununl qctekunu l na-pul-ta-ku-nu
ibid. If.; naphar 27 ZI.MES adi eqldtisunu adi (vars. lu-bul-[ta-ku-nu] and TG lu-bul-ta-ku-
bitdtisunu adi kir4tisunu adi alpesunu adi nu) tapassasani you will anoint your faces,
emmeresunu adi ginnisunu 27 persons with hands and body (variant: garments) Wiseman
Treaties 374.
their fields, houses, gardens, cattle, sheep,
and their families (sold) ADD 59:8; naphar 7 b) self: kaspam tardm na-pd-ds-ta-k&
ZI.MES 12 ANSE ana saparti in all, seven taziar you love making money but hate
persons (two parents, three sons, and one yourself TCL 4 5:9, cf. na-pd-d-ta-kd etir
man and his wife) and twelve donkeys as save yourself ibid. 16; addinan na-pd-ds-ti-
pledges ADD 58:9; bitu naphar 3 ZI.MES ka lillik (the silver) should serve as ransom
one family of three persons ADD 232:5; for yourself CCT 4 2a:30, cf. na-pd-ds-ta-ka
7 ZI.MES arddni sa PN ADD 231:5; note, wr. e ta-ah-ti-si-ma TCL 4 48:43 (coll. M. T. Larsen);
20 ERIN.ZI 2 gam-mal 3 ANSE ADD 882 r. 3, PN sa na-pd-ds-ti-a met u balat ula idi PN is
etc., 977 ERIN.MES ZI.MES KUR Quaja ADD (like) my own self, I do not know whether he
1099 r. 4 and passim, also 10 LU.ZI.MES ADD is dead or alive TCL 19 73:7 (all OA); ana na-
1133 r. 2; 5 ZI.MES (referring to four women pi-is-ti-ia aptalah u ina GN na-pi-is-ti ana
and one man) VAS 1 96:16, see also Post- beltija kdsi apqid I feared for myself and
gate Taxation and Postgate Palace Archive, indi- have given myself over to you, my lady, in
ces s.v.; 1650 ZI.M[ES] ABL 1022:26, 180 ZI.MES Babylon PBS 7 125:33f. (OB let.); ana ubbub
KUR Assuraja KUR Tabalaja ABL 602:9 and zi-si to cleanse himself KUB 37 63:7;
passim, also LU.ZI.MES ABL 1285 r. 22f., 491:6, [tan]assar ki zi-ka SAG.Du-ka you must
70 ERIN.MES ZI.MES ABL 760:5, 212:23; note: guard (him) as (you would) your own self
1119 LU.ERIN.MES KAL.MES 5000 Sunu ZI.MES KUB 3 19:6; [in]a zI-ia pall-ha-ti] I am afraid
1119 able-bodied men, 5000 with their for myself EA81:25, cf. pal-ha-t[i z]I-ia
families ABL 304:3 (all NA); 35 zi-tim 2 EA 90:53; (the duration of) my life is recorded
SAL.NAR.MES ABL 511:11; ana kimu na- before you (Nabu) zI.ME-ia paqda ina sun
pul-ti 150 na-pul-ti hubussunu ki ahbuta Ninlil I myself am entrusted to the lap of
when for (each) person I took captive 150 Ninlil Craig ABRT 1 5f. :21 (= Streck Asb. 346),
persons ABL 1000 r. 10f., cf. 2 LUT qinnti u cf. la tumafara zI.ME-ia do not abandon
na-pul-ti [x] sunu ibid. r. 3; naphar 10 ZI.MES me.(in the midst of my adversaries) ibid. r. (i,
Nbn. 381:18, RT 36 181:4 and 14 (all NB). ZI.MES-ka ittanagharannim you yourself
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napittu 6c napittu 8b
approach me time and again saying (prolong and whose eyes are riveted on your ....
the life of RN) ibid. 18, cf. [ina puhur(?) PRT 109 r. 5.
hadd]anua la ittanaksadu ZI.MES-ia ibid. 2;
me zI-ti-ia5 ina qabri usnilu they (the sorcer- 8. livelihood, provisions, sustenance
ers) placed my own "water" in a grave a) livelihood, provisions: as for the fields of
Maqlu I 108, cf. the corresponding ina qabri PN's sons awilu na-pi-is-ta-amul is4 the men
itmiru meja (var. mia) ibid. II 184, restored have no (other) livelihood OECT 3 35:6, cf.
fromUET 7 128:12; ubburat na-pis-ti I myself TIM 2 73 r. 4, kima tidi na-pi-is-tam ul isu
am arraigned Lambert BWL 200 i 16 (fable); TLB 4 2:33; ilik na-pi-is-tim allakam I will
ina muhhi ZI.MES-ia idabbubu they plot do the service for the living (I hold) ibid.
against me ABL 557 r. 15 (NA); kima re'i u 66:12; nakkamti sa rei na-pi-is-ti-iaukallu
nacidi na-pis-ti-si-napa-aq-da-a-ni they (the tckula u na-pi-is-ti tattaksa you have used up
sheep) are entrusted to me as to a shepherd the storehouse where my provisions are
or herdsman Lambert BWL 192:20 (fable); ready for me and thus you have cut my
u andku nap-sd-ti-id ana sarri lu paqda throat TIM 2 152:35f., cf. na-pi-is-ti PBS 7
but I myself am dedicated to the king ABL 11: 10, E na-pi-is-tim ibid. 125:32 (all OB
1255 r. 16, cf. BIN 1 49:21, ZI.MES-ia ana letters); the men ana na-pu-ul-ti ammeni
[Sarri] belija lu paqda ABL 795 r. 16; the sunu ukkma why do they lack provisions?
two men ,a hurasa ana muhhi zI.MES-ia iss4 BE 17 59:17 (MB let.); gamir gabbu ina zI-nu
who have taken the gold (to intrigue) against everything from our provisions has been
me (plot every day to kill or to destroy me) exhausted EA 107:39; for baldt napisti
ABL 716 r. 1 (all NB); difficult: nap-sd-a-ti "provisions" see baldtu s. mug. 4b, also EA
assakan ABL 1285:24 (NA); obscure: [ana(?)] 45:33, 75:14, 81:41, 82:45, 81:15, 112:30; see
also baldtu s. mng. 4c; ana nap-sat iii u
pi-i-gi na-pis-ti-id Borger Esarh. 104 i 31.
sarriqdti attara[s] I have stretched out my
c) in ref. to an oath: a-na la ni-is i-li-su hand (sacrilegiously) toward provisions (des.
is na-pi-iS-ti-su without an oath sworn by tined for) the god or the king BMS 61:13,
his god's life and his own HSM 7555:5, cited dupl. LKA 153 r. 13.
G. F. Dole, Partnership Loans in the Old Baby-
lonian Period (Harvard Ph. D. Thesis 1965) p. 111; b) sustenance - 1' in gen.: sarrum
PN na[p]-sa-ta sa sarri litmami u PN zi-ia nddin na-pi-is-tim ana GN the king who
it[tami(?)] "let PN take the oath on the life bestowed (ample) sustenance on Adab CH
of the king," and PN did take the oath on iii 66, cf. u igisu na-ap-sa-tam ana uRU
me (RN) Mel. Dussaud 1 203:22 (RS), see Nou- Maskan-Sabra CH iv 2; sa ... na-pi-is-tam
gayrol, MRS 6 8. ana matika u kdta addinu who had given
sustenance to your country and to you
7. breath: zi-su kima sa me sam~ itenerrub Syria 33 66:13 (Mari let.); akalu u md baldt
his breath constantly enters (his throat, wr. zi-ti-sd-un akla I cut off food and water with
ZI.ME§) like that of one who thirsts for water which they sustain their life Borger Esarh.
Labat TDP 76:62; i-tar-rakna-pis-t[a-u] his 112:14, cf. me balat zI-ti-su-nu akla Streck
breath catches AfO 19 52:143; ana ZI.MES- Asb. 74 ix 33.
la karl in order for him not to be short of
breath Kocher BAM 216:61, itasus libbi iktaru 2' with mntu: kima na-pi-is-ti mati
zI-tim (var. na-pis-ti) my heart has become eqlumma ul tide do you not know that fields
sad, I have come near death BMS 6:60, dupl. are the (very) sustenance of the country?
LKA 52 r. 9, var. from STT 57:75 and 59:19, YOS 2 48:14 (OB let.); the Euphrates na-pis-
cf. takturu na-pid-t[i] AfO 25 39:42 (hymn of ti mdti the sustenance of the country JNES
Asn. I); see also kar v. mng. lb-2'c'; 15 134:49 (liptur-lit.); the meadows (gipdru)
difficult: he who waits for your (the god's) na-pis-ti mdti Cagni Erra I 83; mitirta mukin
sweet breath u KI di-in §d zi-ka sitkuna endu nat zi-ti mnti dbilat nuhi a canal which
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napigtu 9a napigtu 9a
establishes sustenance for the country, that they hang around the neck Ugaritica 5
bringing prosperity Weidner Tn. 28 No. 16: 103, No. 169:25, for the Sum. version nig.zi.pa.
cf., wr. mitirta mukinnat na-pul-ti mdti anag.pa.an a g see Civil, JNES 23 2:29; [n]a-
ibid. 31 No. 17:49, cf. also (in broken contexts) pi-is-ta-su usarih YOS 9 35:121 (Samsuiluna),
[n]a-pi-is-ti mdtim Lambert-Millard Atra-hasis corr. to Sum. zi.ni gir.[ta] im.mi.i[n.
42 I 24, wr. [n]a-pul-ti ibid. 43 S i 6; mu-kil gaz] RA 63 36, see ibid. p. 40 n. 4, and cf.
na-pis-ti ma-a-ti OECT 6 pl. 22 K.3307 i 5 and a-ru-uh zI-,u Devour-His-Throat! (name of a
dupl. AfO 17 pl. 13 K.7063 i 9; mU ZI-tim mdti dog of Marduk) KAR 298 r. 18, for other refs.,
AfO 18 386:19. seeara u B; (a mole) [ina ... n]ap-sd-ti-s GAR
Kraus Texte 50:18, of. CT 28 26:48, also EN
3' with niui: asnan na-pi-i-ti nisi zI-su (in broken context) ibid. 41 81-2-4,199:22
aj usabsi may (Ea) not produce grain, the (all SB physiogn.); exceptionally said of
sustenance of the people CH xliii 12 (epi- a god: nap-sat-ka DN your throat (listed
logue), cf. kurunnu nap-sat nisi Lambert BWL between kisddu and irtu) is (the goddess)
72:32 (Theodicy), dIM nap-sat nisi ibid. 44:89
(Ludlul I), me
nap-sa-atnisi ibid. 196:21 (Fable
Sapranitu KAR 102:25.
of the Fox); sa na-ap-sa-at kala nisi istika 2' in med. contexts: summa gisdtu ina
(Adad) you with whom is the sustenance of nap-sd-ti lisesi if it is (in) the belch let him
all mankind CT 15 4 ii 4 (OB hymn); Marduk expel it from the throat Kichler Beitr. pl. 2
nap-sat nisi aart[u] AfO 19 65 iii lower portion ii 27, cf. the parallel [...] ina z-ti lisa
1; ummu Bau nap-sat nise andkuma Or. K.8792 i 7, kima gi iti iana nap-d-ti K.9387
NS 36 122:109, cf. (in broken context) ADD ii 9, cited Lambert BWL 288; summa ina zi-s4
809:10, see Postgate Royal Grants p. 62; tu.absi ur'ussu (oi.HUR-su) iharrur if his larynx
zI-tim nisi KAR 59:36; difficult: ana sa-di- rasps(?) in his throat Labat TDP 84:34, cf.
im na-pi-is-tim nisi Bdbilam askun Sumer 3 zi-ki istanahhit ibid. 30f., zI-si uselli ibid. 32,
11 ii 10, 14 ii 13, wr. ana sa-da na-pi-is-ti and cf. ibid. 24:54; 6 sd-mi ZI.ME-te : P
ni-sim VAB 4 92 ii 15 (all Nbk.). sammi ra-bi-du herb for the throat : herb
for rapdu Uruanna II 189; ana zI.MES-si-na
4' other occs.: i pu-e nap-sat blisu the
(in broken context) AMT 17,6:4.
grass, the sustenance of his cattle TCL 3
275 (Sar.); dTu-tu dZI.UNKIN.NA na-pis-ti um 3' with lapdtu, etc. (in oath ritual): see
mani[su] En. el. VII 15, cf. dZI.MIN UKKIN == lapdtu mng. lb, also liptu A mng. Id; note
nap-sat nap-har DINGIR.MES STC 2 pl. 6 2 ii 29. ina me u iamni itmi 4-lap-pi-tu nap-sd-a-ti
they took the oath by water and oil, they
9. throat, neck (human or animal) -
touched (their) throats En. el. VI 98.
a) human - 1' in gen.: NA4 .HI.A ina zI-4s
... GAR-an you place beads around his neck 4' with verbs denoting the cutting of the
Or. NS 39 132 K.8906:5 (namburbi), cf. Kocher throat: alikma sa DN nap-a-tu puru'ma
BAM 361:12 and 22; nap-id-a-ti marsi ina go and cut the throat of Tiamat En. el. IV 31;
patar bini talappat you touch the throat of nap-sd-te-si-nu uparri' qS'is I cut their
the sick person with a knife of tamarisk throats like threads OIP 2 45 vi 3, of. siltahu
wood LKA 79:7, dupl. KAR 245:7; precious pdri' nap-sd-ti(var. -te) ibid. 44 v 73 (Senn.),
stones ina na-pis-[ti-su] lu a[kun] 5R 33 iii also ina ussisu ... uparri' z-tim (var. na-
43 (Agum-kakrime), cf. kunukku na-pis-ti-ka pis-ti) Streck Asb. 78 ix 85; Marduk pari'
CT 13 34 Rm. 282 r. 3 and 6 (Slaying of Labbu), na-pi-ti ajdbi CT 51 178:3; see also nakdsu
also [n]a.kilib zi.pa.Ag ba.an.gaz: ina mng. 2c, niksu, and zikurud.
ku-nu-uk na-pi-ti-s4 4-ra-si-p[u-su] (whom)
he killed with the seal around his neck 5' in transferred mng.: I besieged him
K.5119:20 and 23 and dupls., see Or. NS 30 3; a nap-sa-tu usiqa constricted his throat
precious metal choker sa ina nap-Aa-ti ihallulu OIP 2 42 v 25 (Senn.), cf. girretiuusabbit nap-
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napitu 9b napittu
sat-su-nu usiq ukarri Streck Asb. 16 ii 54, also The two OA refs. considered to belong to
Piepkorn Asb. 52 iii 49; difficult: na-pis-ta-Sl napastu in CAD 2 (B) 144, i-na-pd(or -ba)-ds-
i-sa-qa-am Iraq 27 5 ii 17 (NB lit.). ti-k unu-x-x-ni li-fill-bi4-u BIN 4 9:16 and
a-ba-dA-ti-ka (or a- <na>-pd-ds-ti-kdc) nitaris
b) animal - 1' in gen.: if the malformed BIN 4 10:25, are difficult and may belong to
animal's ears are below its jowls ina nap-sd- bastu.
ti-si on its throat Leichty Izbu XI 76; if the
malformed creature has the beak of an eagle napiStu in bil napisti s.; 1. protector,
ZI.MES-,i petia and its throat is open life-giver, 2. one who has a right to venge-
ibid. XII 14, its tongue ina zI-js GAR ibid. 85, ance; OB, MA; wr. syll. and (bel) NAM.TI.LA;
also ina nap-s-ti-si raksat ibid. 88, cf. ibid. cf. napdsu A.
89 and 96; the bird, the middle of its crown
en gi dMu.ul.lil.la(var. .le) men sag.e du,
is white mala ZI.BI imassi and (the white) : EN na-piA-ti Enlil Ma agi ina qaqqadisu asnmu
reaches as far as its throat CT 40 49:29, of. Enlil, the life-giver, whom the crown on his head
ibid. 36; uncert.: let my lord send a cook suits well Lugale IX 1.
assum na-pi-is-ti alpim stu utarruma sirsu
1. protector, life-giver: summa ina kittim
ana ekallim irrubu so that he can cut(?) the
be-el na-pi-iS-ti-ia atta if you are truly my
throat of that (sick) ox so that its meat can
protector TIM 2 13:6, also UET 5 82 r. 8, Kraus
go to the palace (and not spoil) ARM 14 AbB 1 122:30, 124:21, VAS 16 201:10; ana be-li
5:17, also ibid. 6:27.
NAM.TI.LA.MU aspurma I have written to
2' throat of a sheep as medication: si-ir my protector TIM 2 24:10 (all OB letters).
na-ap-sa-tim turrarma Kocher BAM 393 r. 15 2. one who has a right to vengeance:
(OB); Uzu nap-sat immeri Biggs aziga 53:28, summa a'ilu ina ahhe la zizute napsdte igmur
cf. Uzu nap-satsa immeri ibid. 55 iii 29 (Bogh.), ana EN nap-sa-a-te iddunus panuuma EN
also uzu nap-sd-at UDU.NITr te-bi-i ibid. 19; nap-sa-a-te iduaksu u paniiuma immangar
Uzu nap-sd-te Kocher BAM 104:75 and 77. [i] zittusu ilaqqe if one of brothers who are
coparceners kills a person, they will hand
10. opening, air hole: summa martum ina
him over to the one who has the right to
na-ap-sa-at martim tikiptan sittama surrupa
vengeance, if he pleases, the avenger may
if there are two red spots at the opening of
kill him, or if he pleases he may spare him
the gall bladder YOS 10 31 ix 20 (OB ext.);
and take his share (of the inheritance instead)
summa ANSE IHAR a 15 ressu ina nap-sat 15
KAV 2 ii 17f. (Ass. Code B § 2).
KAR Boissier Choix 1 134:23 and (with the left
side) ibid. 24, and ibid. 72:9f., also summa ina napi§tu in §a napiSti (sa napsdti, a
nap-sat sv.SI BRM 4 12:26 and, wr. ina
pani napaSti) s.; pendant; OB, Qatna;
nap-sat ekal ubdni (between ina SAG I.GAL
cf. napdsu A.
ubani and ina MURUB 4 E.GAL ubdni) Boissier
DA 220:5; summa katarru ina nap-sat // e-lat // KU.GI sa na-ap-sa-ti-ki ... anina umma
babi / sikkri i.GAL if lichen occurs in the sima KU.GI sa na-ap-sa-ti-ia ... ana PN [an]a
air hole, variant: upper part, of a door, kaspim addimma itaplann[i] (see anina
variant: a crossbar (this house will be locked interr.) CT 2 1:44 and 46 (OB); 1 GIN KUJ.GI
and not opened again) CT 40 16:36 (SB Alu). sa pa-ni na-ap-Sa-ti-sa BE 6/1 84:4, also CT
8 2 Bu. 88-5-12,10:1 (dowry lists?); ja na-
11. neckerchief: na-pis-tum (also napsamu, pis-ti KU.GI a golden pendant RA 43 138:10,
nadi, addi) = ku-lu-lu Malku VI 136 and An 12, 16, also ibid. 164:257, 166:307 (Qatna inv.).
VII 220.
For zI as abbreviation for sikkatu (part of n~pistu s.; woman carding wool; lex.*;
the exta), see sikkatu (see Nougayrol, RA 44 cf. napdsu B.
21). [SAL (sig).pel].ak.a - na-pi-ed-tu Lu III ii 14'.
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napiu naplastu
napi§u s.; 1. breath, breathing, breeze, 2. smell: if (the water of) a river irissunu
2. smell; OB, SB; wr. syll. and PA.AN; kima sur-ri KIMIN kima na-pis MUXEN.ME§
cf. napdsu A. has a smell like .... , variant: like the smell
of birds CT 39 14:19 (SB Alu).
[pa].ag, [pa].an, [pa.a]n.ta = na-pi-[§u]
CBS 10451c:5ff. (Nabnitu).
pa.an.ta.kir 4 .mu = na-pi-is ap-pi-ia (followed
napl u in §a napi§u s.; (a censer); SB,
by pa.Ag.kir 4 .mu - na-hi-ir ap-pi-ia) Ugumu NB; cf. napdsu A.
Bil. Section B 8.
tattasd Sarpanitu tdbitu illaku sa na-pi-
Su Sarpanitu came out, the sweet-smelling
1. breath, breathing, breeze - a) in gen.: censers burn (parallel: nignakk illaku sa
Huwawa rigmasu abubu pi-su girrumma na- burdsi) Pallis Akitu pl. 8:8, also ibid. 29; sd
pi-su (vars. na-pi-is-su, na-pis-su) mrtum na-pi-si ina muhhi garakka is-[...] the
Huwawa's roar is a storm, his mouth is fire, censer [is placed?] on the brazier LKU 51:8
his breath is death Gilg. Y. v 197, vars. (rit.); 1 PI M sAd na-pi-su one PI of aromatics
from iii 111 (OB), II v 3 (SB), cf. pl. 10 K.9759:12; (for) the censer (for the temple) Nbn. 929:3.
amirsunu ustahhat na-pi-is-su-un (var. na-
pis-su-nu) mutumma whoever looks at them napkapu s.; (mng. unkn.); NB.*
(the seven gods) becomes terrified, their very 4 nalpdta u 1-en na-ap-ka-pu (for context
breath is death Cagni Erra I 25; na(text e)- see nalpattu mng. Ib) Nbk. 92:7.
pis appisu kabit his breathing is labored
Kocher BAM 159 i 39, dupl. Kiichler Beitr. pi. 15 naplaqtu s.; butchering knife; OAkk.;
i 50, also AMT 45,6:5, 51,2:8, 55,5 i 6; summa pl. naplaqdtu; cf. paldqu.
na-pi-is-su ina appisu sabitma ina pisu PA.AN
1 URUDU na-ap-la-aq-tum UD.KA.BAR MDP
ustesi if his breath is obstructed in the nose,
2 pl. 6 ix 21, also pl. 7 xi 20; 4 URUDU na-ap-
so that he exhales through his mouth Labat
la-qd-tum UD.KA.BAR ibid. viii 12 (Manituiu
TDP 24:54, cf. PA.AN.BI ina appisu DIB.DIB
obelisk).
ibid. 82:24; summa serru PA.AN appisu sa
imitti kasima sa sumeli em if the breath
naplaqu s.; butchering knife; SB; cf.
from the right nostril of a baby is cold, from
paldqu.
the left, hot ibid. 224:54.
[gir.gud.g]az.zabar - nap-la-qu(var. -qi)
Hh. XII 53; bal = nap-la-qu CT 51 168 vi 22
b) breath, breeze (as divine manifestation): (Group Voc. A).
for your army which is caught in a difficult
situation na-pis iii tabu usdssu a sweet kima l sa ina nap-la-qu palqu irammum
breeze will come from the god TCL 6 3 r. 38, he bellows like a bull slaughtered with a
cf. na-pis iii t(bu Boissier DA 218 r. 6, KAR butchering knife ZA 61 52:57 (hymn to Nabu).
442 r. 14 (all SB ext.), for similar refs. see
naplastu (naplaStu) s.; 1. blinkers, 2. spy
manitu; ilum na-pi-sa-am ana ummdnika
hole, hatch, also as name of a mark on the
iSakkan the god will provide a "breeze" for
left lobe of the liver; OB, SB; pl. naplasatu;
your army RA 27 142:23; ummdnum na-pi-
wr. syll. and IGI.BAR; cf. paldsu.
sa-am immar the army will feel the breath
(of the god) YOS 10 46 v 15, also ibid. 9:20 and [kui.igi.tab].ba.ange - nap-la-sa-a-tum Hh.
XI B 2 4', see MSL 9 199; igi.tab.an e - nap-la-
34 (all OB ext.).
sa-tum Izi A ii 9'; igi.tab.ange - nap-la-sa-tu,
ab.lal - nap-la-d.-tu Nabnitu I 200f.
c) as euphemism for virility: e tashuti li.i.si - na-ap-la-ds-tum Silbenvokabular
leqe na-pis-su do not shy away (addressing A 20, also (from Ras Shamra) - nap-la.-d-tum
Studies Landsberger 35:13.
the damhatu), take his (Enkidu's) n. (parallel:
kuzubki lilqe let (Enkidu) take your kuzbu) 1. blinkers: see Hh., Izi, in lex. section;
Gilg. I iv 10, cf. ibid. 17. ituma na-ap-la-dA-tam sa ana DUMv.ME
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naplastu nappahtu
ummeni taddina takld u ullanum qdtamma Beginning with the OB period, naplastu
bell ippes (see istuma usage c) ARM 2 126:15; is replaced in ext. by manzdzu, q.v.; there-
for Sum. refs. for igi.tab.anSe, see Salonen fore refs. from SB texts are rare.
Hippologica 131. Goetze, YOS 10 p. 5f.; Nougayrol, JCS 21 219
n. 6.
2. spy hole, hatch - a) in gen.: see
ab.lal = nap-la-ds-tu Nabnitu I 201, in lex. naplasu s.; 1. look, glance, 2. blinkers,
section. 3. spy hole (name of a mark on the left lobe
b) as name of a mark on the left lobe of the of the liver); OB, Mari; cf. paldsu.
liver: na-ap-la-as-tamiSu (the liver) has a n. [ig]i.bar = nap-la-su Erimhu sIII 27.
RA 41 50:2, YOS 10 7:1 and 9, 8:4, 25, and 1. look, glance: na-ap-la-su-us-sa bani
passim in ext. reports, wr. IGI.BAR JCS 21 219 bu'iru prosperity is created at her glance
A 1; summa IGI.BAR kima nalbattim if the RA 22 170:15 (OB hymn to Istar).
n. looks like a brick mold YOS 10 9:1, also 4;
summa na-ap-la-as-tum kima unqim if the 2. blinkers (var. of naplastu, q.v.): four
n. looks like a ring ibid. 11 ii 7, summa IGI. grains of silver a na-ap-la-si-im ARM 7
BAR kima pappim if the n. looks like the 192:15; 4 [t]apal KUS na- <ap>-la-si four
PAP-sign ibid. 17:47, (with kima kaskas) pairs of n. ibid. 161:8, also ARM 18 45:6, wr.
ibid. 48, (kima BE) ibid. 14:14; summa nana-ap-li-si ibid. 22:13.
ap-la-as-tum ana paddnim iqterbam if the n.
3. spy hole (name of a mark on the left
comes near the "path" ibid. 11 ii 14, cf. na-
lobe of the liver, var. of naplastu, q.v.): in
ap-la-as-tum ana paddnim iqrib ibid. 7:22
my first extispicy na-ap-la-su-um Sakin
(report); summa ... nasraptiimittim na-ap-
there was a n. JCS 21 227 M 10, 229 N 7, 231
la-as-tam iksudam if the right "crucible"
N r. 13' (all Mari ext. reports).
reaches the n. ibid. 11 iii 6, cf. ibid. 20:28;
summa ina amrtim 4 na-ap-la-sa-tim istenis naplatu see naplastu.
izzazza if four n.-s stand together in the liver
ibid. 11 i 23, cf. summa 4 na-ap-la-sa-tum naplisu see naplasu.
ibid. ii 1, 3; summa ina muhhi n'ri kakku
*napluhtu s.; (mng. uncert.); OB*; pl.
sakimma IGI.BAR ittul if there is a "weapon-
mark" on top of the yoke and it faces the n. napluhatu; cf. paldhu(?).
ibid. 42 iv 20, cf. na-ap-la-as-tam ittul ibid. sut parzilli nsu res na-ap-lu-ha-tim "those
11 iii 8; summa ina res IGI.BAR imittim slum of" iron, who pay attention(?) to the n.-s
nadi if a hole lies on the right side of the top RA 45 182:51 (lit.).
of the n. RA 44 33:1, and passim in this text,
cf. (with zi-hu nadi) TIM 9 78:3ff. (all OB), nappahanu s.; (mng. uncert.); SB.*
also Boissier DA 14 iv 19 (SB); summa ina [P].KUR.RA assum nap-pa-ha-ni pii aum
qabliat IGI.BAR ina Sumelim kakkum sa nusurre. ... kibritu assum hu~ahhu the
kinma if there is a "weapon-mark" in the nini-plant is (to be used in the ritual) on
middle of the n. on the left side YOS 10 15:1, account of the n. (in the field), the chaff, on
cf. ina re IGI.BAR ibid. 5, 9, ina isdi IGI.BAR account of the diminishing of the yield, the
ibid. 3, ina qutun IGI.BAR ibid. 17:75, and pas- sulphur, on account of the famine Bab. 3 295
sim in ibid. Nos. 13-18, [ina] maskan IGI.BAR K.151 r. 16, referring to A.SA maskani nap-
TIM 9 78:12ff.; [summa na-ap-l]a-as-t[am]iu pa-[ha-ni ... nus]urrHhus[ahhu .. .] ibid. 9.
if (the liver) has a n. RA 44 23:1, and passim
The context suggests a mng. "crop fail-
in this text, of. YOS 10 11 ii 33 (all OB); iumma
ure" or the like.
IGI.BAR uMSurat if the n. is loose Boissier
DA 14 ii 12, also ibid. ii 44, TCL 6 6 r. i 12; bumma nappahtu s.; revolution; SB; wr. syll.
IGI.BAR arkat if the n. is long ibid. 17 (SB). and BUN(LAGAB IM), BUN(KAx IM); cf. napdhu.
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nappahu nappahu
sarru massu ibbalakkassu nap-pah-tum in- si-i (var. si-mu-ug) DI~ - nap-pa-hu Sb II 90,
nap-pah the king's land will defect from him, also Ea IV 180, A IV/3:161; su.lu.ug.la - nap-
pa-hu ZA 9 159:17 (group voc.); [su.lu.ug].
a revolution will flare up ACh Sin 35:3, also 16(text .ME) = nap-pa-hu Lanu D 21; [LU]L.la,
Supp. 2 Sin 1 i 20, lb 4, dupl. K.12564 ii 4'; BUN [LU]L.BAR = nap-pa-a-hu Erimhui III 31 f.
u SE.GAR ina mdti [isSakkan] revolution and j. 6 = MIN (- ra-a-fu[m]) nap-pa-[hi] Erimhug
massacre(?) will occur in the country ACh II 55, cf. [(].r = ra-a-a$SIMUG Imgidda to Erim-
hug A r. 5'.
Samar 8:11, cf. ezib sa ... BUN ina ekalli
Lj.[SIMU]G, Lt.NI[N.A.GA]L, Lt.SI[MUG.UD.KA].
issakkanu AfO 11 361:27 (tamitu). BAR, rLt1.[SIMUG.AN].BAR, Lt.SIMUG.[Ktr.G]I STT
The reading of (Tvz.)BVN/B N when it 385 ii 5ff., [L].GAL.SIMUG ibid. 12, in MSL 12 234,
cf. MSL 12 11:106 (ED Lu A).
refers to the bladder (for refs. see hinqu dNin. A.gal - dSIMUG = dA-a a nap-pa-hi
mng. 2, also Kocher BAM 161 iv 6, 168:45) is CT 25 48:8, also CT 24 42:115 (list of gods).
most likely elibbuhu, q.v., see also zvU.BUN-
u hesdt cited hesl B mng. 1. In the diagnosis a) in gen. - 1' in OAkk.: PN sIMUG
Gelb OAIC 44:3, also MAD 4 124:5, 170:4, etc.
nap-x-ti(var. -ti) GIG Labat TDP 78:68 the
second sign is uncertain. For the pl. nappa 2' in OA: x weriam u x annakam na-pd( !)-
hatu see nappahu. hu-um ilqe the smith has taken four minas
of copper and one-half mina of tin CCT 1
nappahu s.; bellows; SB, NB; pl. nappaf
37b:13; a-di-i na-pa-hi aspurakkum I sent
hutu; cf. napahu.
you word concerning the smiths RA 60 99 MAH
b
[bu-u]n BtTN(KAX IM) = nap-pa-hu S I 269, also 19604:4; x kaspum isti PN na-pd-hi-im x silver
Ea III 106; bu-un BUN(LAGABX IM) = nap-pa-hu
Sb I 145, also Ea I 91, A I/2:273; gi.bun = [nap-
is with PN, the smith Kienast ATHE 14:12,
pa-hu], gi.bun.su = [MIN qa-ti], gi.bun.gir = also TCL 4 87:19, BIN 6 190:8, cf. x tin ana
[MIN s-e-pi] Hh. IX 377ff.; b[u-u]n [GI.BsN] = na-pd-hi-im CCT 1 26b:9; 1 siqil kaspam ana
nap-pa-hu Diri IV 231; di-ni-ig KI.NE - ku-i-ru, na-pd-hi-im u essi niddin we gave one shekel
nap-pa-'u (vars. [na]-ap-pa-hu, [nap]-pa-hu) Diri
of silver to the smith and for (buying) wood
IV 283f.
Kienast ATHE 28:8; I have taken x sibaratu
ina nap-pa-ha-ti a'il he has asked for a Sittum illibbi na-pd-hi-ma the rest is owed by
sign by means of the bellows Surpu II 111, the smiths CCT 1 21a:6; 2 na-pd-hu ina GN
cf. mdmit nap-pa-ha-tiu kinuni Surpu III 15, two smiths in Kani§ (are servants of PN, the
also VIII 75, Maqlu IV 26, cf. GIS.BAN(?) ~ rabi simmiltim) Anatolia 8 148:27; kunuk PN
nap-pa-ha-ti ND 4405/67:9 (courtesy D. J. Wise- na-pd-hi-im CCT 5 20a: 2, cf. BIN 6 84:12.
man); [.. .] ana pitiq ja hurdsi u nap-pa-
ha-at [...] 82-7-14,2054 r. 10 (NB); uncert.: 3' in OB, Mari: ana ser PN na-pa-hi-im
two male goats ana KUS.LA (= kurussu) alikma adsum ruqqim temsu gamram supram
sa na-pa-hu PN LI.SIMUG UD.KA.BAR for go to the smith PN and send me his complete
straps for the bellows(?) (to) PN, the bronze- report about the metal pot VAS 16 86:15;
smith YOS 7 143:11 (NB). assum lianamtim . .. LT.SIMUG.ME s abtu with
regard to the plowshares(?), the smiths are
Salonen, Bagh. Mitt. 3 123.
working (on them) Kraus, AbB 5 4:6; ina
nappahu adj.; ever-rising; OB*; cf. napds erim sa qdti sa na-pa-hi-im 8 URUDU.TJN.SAL
hu. reska ul ukalluma if eight .... axes are not
ready from the copper which is in the hands
aj ippuh n[ap-pa]-hu elenu let the ever-
of the smiths VAS 16 89:25; assum eqel PN
rising (sun) not rise on high RA 46 92:68 (OB
... Sa ina ugar SIMUG.ME sabtu ina pilkdtim
Epic of Zu), replaced in SB version by SamaS,
sa PN, x eqlum nadidum concerning PN's
see napahu mng. 4c-l'b'.
land which he holds in the irrigation district
nappihu s.; smith, metalworker; from of the smiths: from PN,'s sections x land
OAkk. on; wr. syll. and smrMG(D); cf. is given to him TCL 7 50:5, also 12, cf. piqat
napdhu. SIM T.MES iqabbikum maybe the smiths will
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oi.uchicago.edu
nappahu nappahu
say to you ibid. 8 (all letters); [idi LU.SI]MUG 8' in Nuzi: 3 LU.MES SIMUG (in list of
[x barley is] the wages of a smith CH § 274:33; rations for palace personnel) HSS 14 593:33;
PN (a slave) Lt.SIMUG a smith (is sold) PN na-ap-pd-hu (in broken context) JEN
ARM 8 10:1; PN SIMUG (as partner in a 564:4; PN SIMUG JEN 373:2, 413:3; LO.
contract) Grant Bus. Doc. 16:6, 28:6, 14, PN SIMUG HSS 9 108:23; PN SIMUG (in lists of
na-pa-hu-um CT 45 89 r. i 16 (ration list), witnesses) JEN 586:50, JENu 578:14, LU.
also PN SIMUG VAS 7 129:6, 13 SIMUG.MES SIMUG JEN 451:16, 640:9, PN SIMUG-hU
UET 5 468:9 (ration list); IGI PN na-pa-hu JEN 304:19, JENu 1003:9.
Szlechter Tablettes MAH 15951:21f., of. IGI PN
na-pa-hi-im JCS 9 93 No. 60:14, wr. Lti.SIMUG 9' in MA, NA: PN LU.SIMUG (offers a
TCL 10 25:7, BIN 2 100:3 and 8, YOS 5 119:21, sheep as a gift to the king) KAJ 188:12 (MA);
26f., wr. SIMUG TCL 10 47:16, 74:12, VAS 13 76 PN LU.SIMUG ADD 50:2; 4 Lt.SIMUG ADD
r. 14, 77 r. 10, 85 r. 4, PBS 8/1 44:22, 45 ii 17, 8/2 770:5; PN LU.SIMUG (witness) ADD 478:9,
155:38, UCP 10 206 No. 3:24, Grant Bus. Doc. wr. SIMUG TCL 9 57:22.
5:17, 6:16,7:19, 16:26,21:21,24:20, 25:18, RA 10' in NB - a' in adm. contexts: PN
24 97:37, Gautier Dilbat 4 r. 11, Jean Tell Sifr LV.SIMUG ana ahija altappar I have sent the
12:20f., YOS 12 332:14. smith, PN, to my brother (to work on doors)
CT 22 85:7; jdkin temi akanna qalla la PN
4' in Elam: PN SIMUG (in ration lists) L.SIMUG issabat the governor has arrested
MDP 18 139 r. 7, 130:17; land for SIMUG here a slave of PN, the smith (saying: You
(among other craftsmen) MDP 28 447:5, cf. will deliver twelve iron swords each year)
551:2; IGI PN na-ap-pa-hi MDP 23 312:7; YOS 3 165:30 (both letters); [x AN].BAR Sa
IGI PN SIMUG ibid. 210 r. 5'. jarru beld ana L nap-paa-ha-[ni] ana dulla
iddinu x iron which the king, my lord, had
5' in MB: LIT.SIMUG.MES u kutimme dulla given to the smiths for work ABL 1317:3,
9a bitdnu PN useppes PN will have the smiths cf. x silver ana dullu ana PN u LT.SIMUG.MES
and the goldsmiths do work on the inner nadin given to PN and the smiths for work
quarter PBS 2/2 60:2; ina bit na-ap-pa-hi Nbn. 673:1, 14, cf. also AnOr 8 35:30, (for
in 9a belija nap-pa-hi ittadd they have casting) Nbn. 119:6, (for jewelry repair) Nbn.
removed(?) my smith from the house of the 301:6; 4 GUN 1J MA.NA U[D.KA.BAR] 28 MA.NA
smith, a servant of my lord PBS 1/2 41:7f.
(let.); PN Li.SIMUG BE 14 98:5; PN LIT.SIMUG
AN.NA ... sa ana PN u LU.SIMUG.MES [nadnu]
1882-9-18,719:5; parzillu ana dullu ana PN
(sells bronze objects) PBS 2/2 49:4; note the LU.SIMUG nadin Nbn. 89:1, 428:13, 472:3, cf.
geogr. name dl nap-pa-hi BE 14 18:5. 745:3; ana dullu ina pani PN LU.SIMUG
(bronze) at the disposal of the smith, PN,
6' in Bogh.: LU.ME§ sIMUG-ma DINGIR- for work TCL 12 112:2, cf. Nbn. 1012:6; riksu
LAM KU.GI i-en-zi the n.-s make the divine ina pani PN LT.SIMUG ana sZidnu a bundle
(image) of gold KUB 29 4 i 6, see Kronasser, (of scrap metal) for the smith, PN, to (be
SOAW 241/3 p. 6 ; if someone apprentices a boy made into) ingots Strassmaier, Actes du 8e Con-
to L1.SIMaG (between NAGAR and UT.BAR) gres International No. 15:4; property adjacent
Friedrich Gesetze II § 86a 28, of. ibid. § 45:13, to bit PN LU.SIMUG VAS 1 70 iii 6, 21, cf.
and (with older var.
LU.SIMUG) § 61:24; PA barley ina bit LI.sIMUG (in obscure context)
LIT.MES.SIMUG KBo 10 23 i 22ff., 51 i 7ff., cf. Dar. 42:8; LU.ERIN.ME SIMUG [...]
KUB 11 21a vi 6ff., KUB 20 4 i 20f., and pas- 82-7-14,160 r. 3; PN LU.SIMUG YOS 7 95:16,
sim in Hitt. texts. 46, BIN 1 174:25, 97:5, 17, VAS 6 267:10, UCP 9
98 No. 35:9, wr. LV nap-pa-[hu] BE 8 134:9;
7' in MB Alalakh: x URDTr ana L .ME§ rations for PN u L.SIMUG.MES Nbn. 834:2, cf.
na-pa-hu x copper to the smiths JCS 8 29 VAS 6 75:15, BRM 1 94:18, Nbn. 429:3; PN L.
No. 397:2, and passim wr. SIMvG. SIMUG (as witness) VAS 5 38:43, TuM 2-3 95:12.
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nappihu nappahu
b' as "family name": LU.SIMUG BRM 1 (work) ABL 951:11; one talent of silver
33:13, 36:3, 80:5, 82:14, VAS 3 127:4, VAS 6 kunukku sa PN GAL SIMUG KTr.GI ina muhhi
247:2, and passim in VAS 3-6, AnOr 8 4:13, on which is the seal of PN, the overseer of
TuM 2-3 12:13, 88:11, 136:17, TCL 12 12:51, the goldsmiths ABL 1194 r. 4, cf. ABL 551 r. 7;
47:5, 118:13, TCL 13 191:2, 193:35, see also PN LT.SIMUG KT.GI §a bit SAL ].GAL ABL
Tallqvist NBN p. 159 s.v., wr. LU nap-pa-hu 847:3, of. ABL 1245:3; PN LU.SIMUG KUi.GI urdu
VAS 6 50:13, 122:3, 1884-8-11,154:8; note sa ,arri ABL 812 r. 9; Lt.SIMUG KiJ.GI md
mNap-pa-hu (personal name, not a "family hurdsa luraddindsi the goldsmith said:
name") AJSL 27 223 r. 9. Let them give us more gold ABL 566:18; land
for PN LI.SIMUG Kt.GI ADD 425:17, cf. 806:13,
11' in OB, SB lit.: na-[p]a-hu-um ana
(as witness) ADD 345 r. 5, 453 r. 11, 548:9, 612
parsisu [it]dr the smith will regain his
r. 9, Iraq 19 127 ND 5447:10, 130 ND 5452:9,
office YOS 10 46 ii 26 (OB ext.); muhri sa
Iraq 25 pl. 19 BT 101 b 12; PN SIMUG K1T.GI
LU.SIMUG simeri simat qateki u sepeki receive
ADD 160 r. 11, 440 r. 11, Postgate Palace Ar-
from the smith rings fit for your hands and feet
chive 57 r. 12, 114:4, 118:7, cf. LI.SIMUG KiT.
RA 18 167:25 (LamaAtu inc.); siqa ina bd'isu
GI.MES-ni Kinnier Wilson Wine Lists pl. 7 iii 15,
LU.SIMUG emurma when he walked along the
LT.GAL SIMIUG Ki.GI ibid. pl. 21 ND 10057 r. 1
street, he saw a smith K.9951:4, cf. ibid. 2;
(all NA); note al SIMUG Ki.GI ADD 415:6,
lulil sa L.SIMG AMT 26,2 i 8, cf. [tus]k cd
r. 7 and 9.
LU.SIMUG Kocher BAM 216:65 and dupl. AMT
94,7:4.
3' ironsmith: two sheep ana PN Lt.SIMUG
b) specialized smiths - 1' copper- or AN.BAR AfO 10 31 VAT 9405:16 (MA); L.
bronzesmith- a' sIMUG URUDU: Lf.ME§ SIMUG AN.BAR aSsuraja ADD 812:3; 22 SIMUG
SIMUG URUDU (in list of craftsmen) MRS 6 AN.BAR Johns Doomsday Book 7 left edge 3;
205 RS 15.172:10, MRS 12 93:23; PN LU.SIMUTG PN L1T.SIMUG AN.BAR (as witness) Iraq 19
URUDU (in ration list) KAJ 260:4 (MA); note: 130 ND 5452:13, 134 ND 5469:19, 21; four per-
PN Lr.SIMUG sa TRUDU.MES u riksa isqulu sons DTMU PN LUT.SIMUG AN.BAR ADD 711:7
RA 23 147 No. 26:26 (Nuzi); LUI.SIMUG URUDU (all NA); parzillu ... ana PN Ltr.SIMUG AN.
LU.SIMUG AN.BAR ND 10017:11, cited Postgate BAR iron given to the ironsmith PN (for work)
Taxation 150, of. ADD 868:5. Nbn. 425:3, GCCI 2 9:5; silver to PN L$r.
SIMUG AN.BAR 82-7-14,553:5, Nbn. 1007:2;
b' SIMUG UD.KA.BAR: PN LPU.SIMUG UD.
iron objects delivered by PN LiT.sIMG AN.BAR
KA.BAR KAJ 188:10, 281:2, AfO 10 33 No. 50:8
82-7-14,1158:5, cf. GCCI 2 53:3; L~.SIMUG
(all MA), (witness) Iraq 19 127 ND 5447:13, ADD
AN.BAR.ME (in ration lists, etc.) AnOr 826:9,
5 r. 4; SIMUG UD.KA.BAR (in broken con-
cf. BIN 1 174:74, BIN 2 133:45, YOS 7 4:5f.,
text) Johns Doomsday Book 5 iii 11 (all NA);
Dar. 183:3, Nbn. 676:15, 976:24, AnOr 9 8:23,
bronze given to PN LU.SIMUG UD.KA.BAR
54, 12:23, 82-7-14,126:7, 926:12, 1092:9f., 1826
Nbn. 721:4, 82-7-14,193:3; silver from PN LO.
r. 7, 2054 r. 11, 2060:25, 2168:6, and passim in
SIMUG UD.KA.BAR 82-7-14,237:2; PN LU.
NB.
SIMUG UD.KA.BAR (in ration lists, etc.)
VAS 6 93:10, BIN 2 133:51ff., AnOr 8 26:8, AnOr
4' other titles: A LJ.SIMUTG I.GAL ABL
98:59, 68, 70, YOS 632:18, 229:11, 32, YOS 7
502 r. 2 (NA); kunuk PN GAL na-pd-hi seal of
4:4, 143:11, Dar. 72:9, Camb. 259:4, 8,
PN, the chief of the smiths TCL 21 254:1, cf.
82-7-14,701:12, 82-7-14,1092:6, wr. LU nap-
IGI PN GAL na-pd-he-e Jankowska KTK 86:11
pa-hu UD.KA.BAR Nbn. 86:2 (all NB).
(both OA); PN TGULA SIMUG overseer of the
2' goldsmith: PN LU5.SIMUG Kia.GI KAJ smiths PBS 8/1 55:5 (OB), cf.MSL 12 39:190 (OB
144:8 (MA), also KAJ 55 r. 5; LTU.SIMUG Kai.GI Proto-Lu); PN SIMUTG.GAL (gig-Kizilyay-Kraus
... dullu labiru italli ebsu etapad the gold- Nippur 26 r. 12, Edzard Tell ed-Der 53 r. 77
smith removed the old work and did new (both OB).
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oi.uchicago.edu
nappahu nappaltu B
c) objects made by the n.: x AN.NA ana For a discussion of the different kinds of
na-pd-hi-im Sa all uppudu (see allu A smiths and the objects manufactured by
usage a) RA 59 47 MAH 19613:10, KTS 57 b them, and for additional refs., see E. Salonen
10 (OA); x siparra Sa PN mdr arri PN2 LT. Erwerbsleben 123ff.
sIMUG ana fkapl-pi ana epesi ilqe PN,, the For the form of the sIM G sign in the
smith, has taken x bronze for making bowls North (Mari, Chagar Bazar, Rimah, Bogh.)
from Silwategub, son of the king HSS 9 39:3 see J. D. Hawkins, OBT Tell Rimah p. 43.
(Nuzi); 6 Sendu parzilli a alpe 3 KI.MIN sa
nappahitu s.; trade of the smith; Nuzi*;
UDU'.NrTA.MES ana suppuru ina pan PN LU.
cf. napdhu.
SIMUG AN.BAR (see seperu mng. 2c) GCCI 1
194:5; x parzillu ana marrdtia
ina pan PN LIT. DUMU-ia PN ana na-ap-pa-hu-ti ana PN,
SIMTG x iron for (making) shovels is with PN, addin I gave my son PN to (learn) the trade
the smith Nbn. 810:4; 5 marri x zabbillu ana of smith HSS 19 59:3.
PN LU.SIMUG TD.KA.BAR nadin five shovels nappaltu A s.; 1. difference (in increasing
and x baskets given to the coppersmith, PN or decreasing sequences), 2. share(?); MB,
Nbn. 220:3; 2 MA.NA siqil 2 ahdnu ... ina MA, SB; cf. napalu B.
pan PN LU.SIMUG AN.BAR two and one-third
minas (for) two arm-fetters (for the prison 1. difference (in increasing or decreasing
warden) at the disposal of PN, the ironsmith sequences): 40 imu ana mini napalu 40 misa
AnOr 8 36:10; 10 matqane parzilli 6 nalpatdtu anaimu napalu 40 nap-pal-tum (see napaluB
parzilli ... PN LP.SIMUG AN.BAR mahir mng. Ic) Or. NS 29 280 iii 12ff. (list of key
BIN 1 173:8: 6-ta qab-ba-tu ... ina pan PN numbers); 40 nap-pal-ti imi u musi ana 4
LU.SIMUG AN.BAR 82-7-14,2075:35; x silver
tanasJima 2,40 nap-pal-ti tdmarti tammar
ana ep s sa unqu ana PN LU.SIMUG nadin multiply 0;0,40, the n. of day(light) and
given to PN, the smith, for making rings night, by four, and you will find 0;2,40, the
Dar. 11:9, cf. Nbn. 10:7; x silver ana epesu n. of the visibility (of the Moon) VAT 9412 iii
15 (MUL.APIN), cited Neugebauer ACT p. 195;
Ja ki-it-tum Sa na-sa-ap-pu ... ana PN LU.
SMUG ZABAR nadin given to the bronze- 40 Sd nap-pal-tu ME u GEg forty of the n. of
smith, PN, for making a .... for the bowl day(light) and night (in obscure context)
Dar. 34:5; ana piddnu ana PN LU.SIMUG Neugebauer ACT No. 200 ii 7 ff.
nadin (gold) given to the smith, PN, for 2. share(?): erisdnu ... [2 na-a]p-pal-
making repairs Nbn. 394:3, cf. 431:7 (all NB); te-e-en [ana bel] eqli i-na-ad-di-in the
120,000 talents of [...] LU.SIMG Sipir cultivator of the field will give two parts to
ekurri ina libbi ippusu the smith will make the owner of the field KAV 2 vii 16 (MA), see
the "work of the temple" out of it AnSt 7 Landsberger, JNES 8 291.
130:27 (let. of Gilg.); LU.SIMUG (among other Neugebauer ACT p. 195f.
craftsmen, to make a statue of Enkidu)
Gilg. VIII ii 22, see JCS 8 94:17; for other refs. nappaltu B s.; debris; SB, NB; pl. nap:
see andullu, hdlilu A, hattu A mng. Ib, is palltu; cf. napalu A.
qdti, marru s., naglabu B, nanSahu, nasbaru, im.bal -nap-pal-td Hh. X 392; im.bal.bal=
nashiptu, niggallu, and sirpu. nap-pal-la-a-td,ti-du MIN ibid. 393f.
GABA.RI agurri nap-pal-ti GN copy of a
baked brick from the debris of Ur UET 1 172
d) as a name of Ea: abul siparri ... iv 2, see Hunger Kolophone No. 73, also, wr.
fipir dSIMnUG ina niklat ramanija uepi on IM.BAL Boissier DA 104:21 (SB Alu); [ist]u
my own initiative I had a gate made of naglabi imitti sa ALAM NA 4 [ a in]a nap-pal-ti
bronze (executed) in the workmanship of the ].BABBAR.RA [...] (inscription) from the
Smith god OIP 2 140:5 (Senn.); see also right shoulder of a stone statue that [was
CT 25, in lex. section. found] in the debris of the temple Ebabbar
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nappalu nappafu
Sollberger, CRRA 15 105:13 (colophon on a NB you put your servant to the test, (therefore)
copy of a Pre-Sar. inscr.); GABA.RI tup-pi na[p]- open(?) a window (for him) ZA 61 58:187 and
pal-ti DTTR.AN.KI BM 82923 r. 17 (courtesy 189 (hymn to Nabiu).
C. B. F. Walker).
b) air vent: see (of an oven) Hh. X, Diri,
nappalu see nappillu. in lex. section.
nappastu see nappasu. c) opening in a canal(?): see Nabnitu A 73,
in lex. section.
nappasu (nappastu) s.; (a pole or stick);
lex.*; cf. napasu A. 2. opening of the nose: mahis qaqqadu
istu pi uzne u nap-pa-sc ireddi damn the
mu-ud MUD -= na-[ap-pa-su] (between ra-i-[zu],
pi-[e-s8u], and §u-ul-[bu-u]) A 11/6 A iii 39'; gis.
head was severed, blood was flowing from
iu.nir, gis.du.a = ma-as-ra-hu, gis.du.a, gi§. mouth, ears, and nose Iraq 27 6 iv 18 (lit.),
mud = nap-pa-su (followed by gig.mud = Aul- cf. me ina nap-pa-se-ii illak AMT 16,4:8;
bu-u, up-pu) Hh. VIIA 43ff.; e-[si] [oI.xAL] - kima dimti ina usukki na-d[S-li-la-ni] kima
[u1-u-u, [mar-tu-U], [n]ap-pa-s[u] Diri II 216ff.; u-pa-ti ina nap-pa-si na-d[S-li-la-ni] slip
gige-siKAL = nap-pa-su(var. -[d]u) (preceded by
utA, martu, malt') Hh. VI 54; mu-du-ul GI§.BU = away like a tear down the cheek, like mucus
ma-la-lu-t, nap-pa-su, ga-.i-§u Diri II 319ff., from the nose K.9387 col. B 8, see Lambert
ma-da-al GI§.BU = na-ap-pa-su (in same context) BWL 288, parallel: naslilanikima MU.PA.DA
ibid. 327; OI§MIN(=ga-zi-in-bu) BU -= nap-p[a-su] nap-pa-si Ugaritica 5 17:40; ana tap-pi-sd-
Hh. VI 88, cf. [Gi§MIN(=mu-au-u) B]U = nap-pa-
a[s-t]u ibid. 80d; [gi.ma.sa.a]b.gu.dub.[du]b
a-te sd GIs.LA(var. .RA) nap-pa-d tu-x-me
= nap-pa-su Hh. IX 132; gis.gita.ak = muh- (var. tu-ra-pa-[as]) KAR 321 r. 3, var. from
hu-su, gis.itA.an.na.ak = nap-pa-a-s-u BRM unpub. dupl. (courtesy W. G. Lambert).
4 33 ii 3f. (group voc.).
In AMT 28,3:6 read DI§ NA appau.
The MA personal name Nap-pa-sa-ni,
Na-ap-pa-sa-ni (Saporetti Onomastica 1 345 f.) nappatu s.; uncultivated land(?); lex.*
may be connected with this word. ga.nun.bar."ub.ba = nap-pa-t[um(?)], ni-di-
t[um] Kagal F 97f.
nappagu (nampasu) s.; 1. (archers') loop-
hole, small window, air vent, opening in a nappatu s.; (bronze) brazier; SB.
canal, 2. opening of the nose; RS, SB; cf.
napasu A. nap-pa-tu ina panisu taraklas you set up
a brazier in front of him KAR 90:20, cf. nap-
ka.du, ka.bal, nig.tab = nap-pa-Au Hh. X
pa-ta tarakkas JCS 1 331 r. 18 (lipSur-lit.),
345ff.; di-ni-ig KI.NE = ku-u-ru, nap-pa-Au (for
vars. see nappahu) Diri IV 283f.; di.ni.ig = ku- ina muhhi nap-pa-ti ittanassuk he repeatedly
u-ri, nap-pa-S4 Hh. X 371f. throws (offering materials) on the brazier
zi.pa.ag.bad.da = nap-pa-su Ad BAD loop- KAR 90 r. 3; seven figurines made from
hole of a wall Nabnitu A 72; a.id.da ba.e = tallow ina muhhi nap-pa-ti taqallu you burn
MIN Ad iD ibid. 73; [ki].pa.an.pa.an, [ki].zi.
pa.AGa- = nam-pa-4u Izi C i 28f. on the brazier ibid. r. 5; you extinguish the
ab.zi(!).pa.an.pa.an.(ta) nam.(mu.un. fire nap-pa-tu tusessima [a]na nari tanaddi
da.ku 4 .ku 4 .d)e : [ina ap]-ti nap-pa-Ai MIN (= la you have the brazier taken out and throw
terrubdu) do not enter to him through a n.-window it into the river ibid. r. 10; when you perform
AOAT 1 10:174 (inc.).
the rituals of the Surpu series nap-pa-ta
1. (archers') loophole, small window, air tukanni qani kartuti eli nap-pa-ta taparrik
vent - a) loophole, small window: see you set up a brazier and put trimmed reeds
Nabnitu A 72, etc., AOAT 1, in lex. section; crosswise on top of the brazier Burpu I If.,
apte nap-pa-sd-am-ma UD.DA imtaqut eli dir cf. ina UGu nap-pa-ta-ni x [...] Sm. 783:8;
appija I opened a small window, and fresh you put the torch in the hand of the patient
air touched the side of my nose Gilg. XI 135; isdta ana nap-pa-tainaddi he lights a fire in
tasanniq aradka nap-pa-su Su-u[p(?)-te(?)] the brazier ibid. 7; n[ap]-pa-t ina panidu
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nappillu nappf
taakkan LKA 150:18, wr. nap-pa-ti LKA gi.ma.an.sim = na-pi-tum Nabnitu S 95;
154:20. gi.ma.an.sim = na-pi-tum, gi.ma.an.sim.GAM.
ma, gi.ma.an.sim.igi.nim.ma, gi.ma.an.
Reiner, Surpu p. 54; A. Salonen, Bagh. Mitt. sim.igi.tur.tur = pa-qa-tum with narrow mesh
3 107, 112. Hh. IX 136ff.
mu.m a.an.sim = na-pi-tum (vars. nap-[pi-
nappillu (nabbillu, nappalu) s.; cater- tur], na-pi-tu) Hh. XIV 31; [mug.ma.an.s]im
pillar; SB. - na-pi-[tum] = [Muv ... ] Hg. B III 2', in MSL 8/2
zi-bi-in(var. zi-ib-ni)DAG+ ISIMgX
X.GfR = nap-pil-
46.
lum (var. nap-pa-lu) Hh. XIV 246; zi-bi-in DAG+ nap-pu-u u na-pi-ti SumSu (for context see
KISIM5 X TAK 4 - nap-pil-lum Ea IV 62; DAG+ nappu) JNES 33 336:14 (NB med. comm.).
KISIM5 TAK 4 = nap-pi-lu(text -du) = (Hitt.) mu-
ut-gal-la-a KUB 3 94 ii 19, see MSL 2 111; za. 1. sieve: five silas (of barley) 2 BAN 3 silA
na.bal, za.na.mah, za.na.mul = nap-pi-lu ana na-pi-tim u mahhaltim 2 BAN ana maddas
(vars. nab-b[i-lu], na-pi-lu) Hh. XIV 273d-275; nim (see mandanu) UCP 10 78 No. 3:5; GI.
ZA.NA.MUL = nap-pi-lu Practical Vocabulary MA(text .LA).AN.SIM TLB 1 30:13; 1 GI.MA.
Assur 428b; BAD, BAD.BAD = nap-pi-lu Hh. XIV
275a-b;
AN.SIM 1 GI.MA.AN.SIM.NiG.HAR.RA (= mah:
du-bal ALX KI, ALx KAD = nap-pil-lum
A VII/4:23f.; [du]-bal LX AL, LrX KI, LaX KU, haltum) (beside nappm) Frank Strassburger
LaX KAD, LatX KAD, [(za)]-x-bal Ltr LA.A§, Lt x SI.A§, Keilschrifttexte 38 r. 9, cf. YOS 12 427:9, GI.MA.
LtX KAD.A = nap-pil-lum A VII/2 :36ff.; ne-rim- AN.SIM IN.NU.DI a straw sieve Kraus, AbB 5
sur LAGABX E.SUM = to-dc-ru d nap-pil-lum (var. 176:19; GI na-pi-tum (in heading of a list of
nap-pi-lum(text -i)) cocoon of the caterpillar
Ea I 86, also A 1/2:265. reed objects) OBT Tell Rimah 333:1 (all OB);
u-ia-a-hu (vars. u-[i]a-u-hu, u-a-"-x) : nap-pi-lu 2 GfN KiT.BABBAR ana 1-en na-pi-tum ana
qar-ri-i, nap-pi-lu : na-pu-u qar-ri-ad d ep-ri E KI.LA ana PN nadna two shekels of silver
Uruanna III 260f., in MSL 8/2 64. for one sieve(?) were given to PN for
.umma ina ndri mileu arpu nap-pil-lum the .... Camb. 430:5; su-up-r[u(?)] §a
ittabs4 if in a river there is an early flood na-pi-tu DUG karputu sa pili GIS mahulu
(carrying?) caterpillars (followed by NA(text claw(-shaped legs?) of the sieve, a limestone
SA4 ).A.MUSEN) CT 39 20:137; Summa nap-pil-lu vessel, a strainer Iraq 23 pl. 9 ND 2097:13 (NA),
if there are caterpillars (in different parts of see Deller, Or. NS 35 208.
the house) CT 38 44 BM 30427:10, Sm. 472+
2. (a snake); see Hh. XIV, Hg., in lex.
:9ff. (SB Alu).
section.
Landsberger Fauna 128; (Goetze, JAOS 65 237).
See also nappd.
nappilu s.; 1. battering ram, 2. person For KUB 3 94 ii 9 see nappillu.
digging in a tell; OB, SB; cf. napalu A. Ad mng. 1: Salonen Hausgerite 1 71f.
l.du 6 .ba.al - na-pi-[lum], lu.ki.ba.al =
mu-na-pi-[lum] OB Lu A 221f.; u1.T9G.[b]al -
nappf s.; sieve; OB, SB, NB; wr. syll.
nap-pi-lu MSL 12 142 iii 17; [x].x.x - na-pi-
l[um], [(x)].gi -= MIN Nabnitu XXII 19'f. and GI.SA.SUR; cf. napd v.
gi.ma.an.sim = na-pi-tum, gi.ia.sur, [gi].
1. battering ram: ala assibi ina pilse na- zi.luh = nap-pu-u Nabnitu S 95ff., see MSL 7 43.
pi-li sapiti ala aktalad I besieged the city, PAP.E§ sIM-tum umaa // nap-pu-4 u na-pi-ti
I conquered the city by mines, battering Sum u PAPPa-ap-ir§E§ // nap-pu-u // SIM // na-pu-u
rams, (and) towers AKA 362 iii 53, also, wr. JNES 33 336:14f. (NB med. comm.).
GI§ na-pi-li AfO 9 100:16. a) in OB lists: 1 na-ap-pu--um 1 GIS.
2. person digging in a tell: see lex. GAN.NA one sieve, one pestle (beside nappitu)
section; PN na-pi-lu-um UET 5 700:9 (OB). Frank Strassburger Keilschrifttexte 38 r. 14f.;
1 na-ap-pu-4 1 GI mahhaltum CT 4 40b:14;
nappitu s.; 1. sieve, 2. (a snake); OB, 1 na-ap-pu-4 puttuhu 1 quppatum puttuhtum
NA, NB; wr. syll. and GI.MA.AN.siM; cf. ibid. 30a:6; 1 na-ap(text GI)-pu-um Scheil
napd v. Sippar 109 Si. 64:10; 1 GIS na-ap-pu sa ZiD
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nappu'u napru6u
x (x) 0. 342 ii 6, cited Veenhof, BiOr 27 31; na-ap-ra-[kum], su-hu-ub GIA. U.GA = na-ap-ra-
1 na-pu-um PBS 8/2 191:4; f4 BANI na-ap- [kum] Proto-Diri 148ff.; gig-Au-gi GI§.§U.[G1LIM],
gu-gi GI .VU.[GILIM], iu-gi GI§.§U.[GI] - [nap-ra-ku]
pu-U 4 BAN na-as-pu-u u mahhalatum Birot Diri II 269ff.
Tablettes 51:11. sikkuiru, nap-ra-ku, sakkapu - mi-di-lu CT 18
3 K.4375 r. ii 34ff.; nap-ra ku <//> pi-ir-ku Lambert
b) in NB: fl-etl e-si-it(text -RA)-tum 2-ta BWL 34 comm. to line 69 (Ludlul Comm.).
GIS bukannu 1-en GI nablalu 1-en oI di-[. .. ]-
turn 1-en nap-pu-i a PN ina pan PN 2 one 1. bolt, bar: a snare is laid on my mouth
mortar, two pestles, one stirrer, one .... , I[u nap-ra-ku sekir Sapteja and a bolt is
one sieve, (property) of PN, are at the disposal blocking my lips Lambert BWL 42:85 (Ludlul
of PN, (tools of the brewer) VAS 6 182:25, II); GIS.SU.GI4 a dalti GIB gisri [... ] sikkuru
see Oppenheim Beer 15. u uppi aSkutti Su-ti-iq(?) draw(?) the bar of
the door, the bolt [of the lock], the lock and
c) in SB: you draw with flour the Irhan the handle of the wedge CT 40 13:47 (nam-
River f[kidd(2)1 nari GI.SA.SUR tasahhap burbi), see Caplice, Or. NS 40 138:12.
AE GIS.BAN tumallma ina muhhi GI.SL.SUR
tasakkan you cover the bank of the river 2. obstacle, obstruction: tusSu u nap-ra-
with a sieve, you fill a seah-container with ku usamgaru elija they cheat me with slander
barley and place it on the sieve CT 23 1:2f., and obstructive means Lambert BWL 34:69
cf. ibid. 4; nap-pi-i [... ] (in broken context, (Ludlul I), for comm. see lex. section; [. .. ] nap-
part of a prescription) AMT 53,1 iii 9. ra-ku ndpalM ibid. 30:118 (Ludlul I).
See also nappitu.
naprasu s.; 1. (part of a spindle), 2. (a
tool, perhaps a chisel); OA, OB; cf. pardsu.
nappu'u see *nuppu)u.
[gi].me.te.bal = ukidu, nap-ra-su Hh. VI
28f,; na-ap-ra-.s-um UET 5 882:30 (OB exercise
naprahtu (naparahtu) s.; fermenting vat tablet).
for beer; OB, SB, NB; cf. parahu.
dug.nig.dur.bur.tur.ra - nap-ra-ah-[tum] 1. (part of a spindle): see Hh. VI, in lex.
Rh. X 214; [giS.gan.nu.KI.Du] = MIN (= [kan]- section.
nu) dc maS-ka-ni - Sid-da-tum nap-ra-ha-tum
Hg. II 84, in MSL 6 110.
2. (a tool, perhaps a chisel): abnam ...
1 na-ap-ra-ah-tum (in list of household ina na-dp-ri-si-im la inaddiudi they shall
utensils) UCP 10 110 No. 35:7 (OB); 1-et na- not work the stone (i.e., the husdru) with
pa-ra-ah-tum [...] parzilli (list of utensils a n. VAT 9292:16 (OA let.); miqit parzillim
belonging to the temple of ama§ in Sippar) sa gaqqara irassu na-ap-ra-asparakkim (the
Nbn. 558:13; qutrinna irisataba asruq[kunusi god is) the iron meteor which crushes the
... ] nap-ra-ha-at dIlM umahh[irkunui] I earth, the n. of the dais JRAS Cent. Supp. pl.
spread for you pleasant-smelling incense, 8 v 22 (OB hymn to Papullegarra).
I offered you a fermenting vat with beer
Mayer Gebetsbeschworungen 523:21. napritu see nebritu.
Oppenheim Beer 15; Salonen Hausgerite 2 193.
naprutu adj.; flying; SB*; cf. napruSu v.
napraku s.; 1. bolt, bar, 2. obstacle, summa birsu kima zumbi nap-ru-S[i IGI.
obstruction; SB; wr. syll. and GI .si.GI4 ; DUH] if a birsu-phenomenon similar to a
cf. parku. flying fly appears CT 38 28:31 (SB Alu);
5 pa-as-su nap-ru-su-tu five flying gamepieces
gig.lu.gi, gii.gilim (var. gii.§u.gilim) =
nap-ra-ku (RS var. gii.Su.gur = na-ap.-ra-zu) (after names of five birds) Syria 33 177 BM
Hh. V 268f.; su-lu-ub GI .§U.DI.E§ = m[e-d]e[lum], 33333B r. 6 (gaming board).
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napru~u naprutu
napruSu v.; 1. to fly, 2. to take flight, to LKU 14 ii 13ff., cited issiru mng. la-l',
flee, 3. IV/3 to fly around, 4. III to let fly; and STT 173: 19f., inlex. section; summaissir
OB, SB; IV ipparis - ipparras, IV/2, IV/3, hurri mcia ip-pdr-sam-ma if a partridge(?)
III, III/2, III/3; wr. syll. and DAL; cf. flies at night (and enters a man's house)
mupparsu, mutaprisu, muttaprisu, naprusu CT 41 8:91 (SB Alu), cf. HUCA 40-41 90 ii 30, 92
adj. iv 10 (OB); Anzu ip-pa-ris-ma sadissu iggus
Anzu flew off and went to his mountain CT 15
da-al I -= nap-ru.-u Ea II 298; [da-al] RI = 39 ii 22, also ibid. ii 49, iii 23 (SB Epic of Zu).
a
nap-r[u]-Su S Voc. F 5'a; ri-i RI = nap-ru-su
A 11/7:33; gi.na.Ri = [x-x]-Fri-i Lanu F iii 16, b) in similes: mar sipri minu ul issuru
ga.am.na.R1.[x] = [x.x]-[ri-i1 ibid. 18; dal
[u] -=nap-ru-su Ea I 285; da[l-1]a [mFl = nap-r[u-
ip-par-ra-su-u-ma illaku what are the
u] Sa Voc. D 11, also E 5'; ri-ri [Iu.xu] = [i-tap- messengers? They are not birds (that they
ru-u] Diri VI B 7'. can) fly and go away EA 28:23 (let. of Tusrat-
a(text NE).gAl.zu lu.na.me nu.mu.un.da. ta); kima issuri ip-par-su they flew off like
ab.gi4 .gi 4 : ina pete idiki mamman aj ip-par-Su birds AKA 42 ii 42, 55 iii 69 (Tigl. I), also
(see idu A mng. lb-2') RA 12 74:21f., of. sa
mamma ina qatiSu la ip-par-ra-Su (Sum. broken) TCL 3 291 (Sar.), Lie Sar. 282, Borger Esarh. 14
RA 13 190 Sm. 5:4, see Lackenbacher, RA 65 146; Ep. 8a i 45, isscris ip-par-sam-ma Winckler
[an.se ba].dal.en pa [na.an.tuk].tuk : ana Sar. pl. 32:50, wr. ip-par-ris-ma Lie Sar. 153;
Sam nap-riS-ma kappa e tarsi when you (want to) kima suttinni ip-pa-ris mugi like a bat. he
fly up to the sky, may you have no wing JTVI 26
fled at night Winckler Sar. pl. 34:126, of. OIP
156 iv 14, restored from CT 16 11 v 67f.; musen.
ginx(GIM) ki.dagal.la.se ha.ba.ni.ib.dal. 2 24 i 19, 35 iii 65 (Senn.); itti issur same lu
d[al] : kZma i.puri <ana> adri rapsi lit-tap-ra-da tap-par-ra-ds (vars. tap-par-si-ma, DAL.DAL,
(see isisru mng. Ib) CT 17 22 iii 143f., of. CT 16 tap-par-ra-si) fly away (Lamastu) with the
28:36f.; a.bi dal.la [...] : kia[m] it-tap-ra-
winged birds 4R 56 i 8, vars. from PBS 1/2
da-[...] whither did they (the doves) fly? SBH
p. 102 No. 54:23ff.; tukumbi(u.GAR.TUR.Lk.BI) 113:2, Weissbach Misc. pl. 15 No. 1:10 and
igi. d Utu.e.se i.dal.en igi.dUtu.su.a nu i. unpub. dupl. courtesy F. Kocher; ultu qereb
dal.en : summa ana st Samsi it-tap-riaana pan elippeti ... aribis ip-par-su-ma like locusts,
ereb Samli la i-tap-ri (release a bird) if it flies (my soldiers) swarmed from their ships (and
eastward but does not fly westward STT 173:19f.
defeated the enemy) OIP 2 75:94 (Senn.).
(inc.).
sim.musen ghd.bi.ta ba.an.ra.an.dal.
dal.e.ne : sinuntu ina qinniau4-ap-ra-4u they c) other occs.: summa amelu ip-pa-ri-is
(the demons) make the swallow fly from its nest if a man (in a dream) flies MDP 14 p. 55 r. i 16
CT 16 9 i 36f., of. im.ma.am.dal : u-d-ap-ra-as (MB dream omens), also itbima ip-pa-ris
SBH p. 109 No. 56:77f., also 6.m musen.ginx ibid. 14, also Dream-book 329 r. ii 25, [it-ta]-
im.ma.ra.dal.en : ina bitija kima iuiiriu-sap-
ris-an-ni PSBA 17 pl. after p. 196 K.41 iii 5f.
nap-ras ibid. 27, kappi sakinma DAL.DAL-as
it-ta-nap-raa // i-Sd-a' Tablet Funck 2:2 (Alu ibid. 21ff.; ip-par-gd-ma ina gimirsunu uba^d
Comm.), see AfO 21 pl. 9. etlu they scattered, all of them, and looked for
the man STT 38:150 (Poor Man of Nippur), see
1. to fly - a) birds: [an]a rimmatija AnSt 6 156; simti ip-pa-ri-istardna ishit my
igruru nimr ... [x] ip-pdr-sa issuru at my dignity has flown away, (my) protection has
(the dog's) roar panthers shy away, the bird made off Lambert BWL 32:48 (Ludlul I); [tur-
flies off Lambert BWL 192:24 (fable); summa r]i-riina nap-ri-si you (fire) have dried up the
MUSEN.KUR.RA ... ip-pdr-Sa-am-ma ana libbi eye, fly away AfO 23 42 iii 7 (inc.), cf. nap-ri-sd
dli imaqqut if a mountain bird flies and falls (in broken context) Kocher BAM 248 i 56 (inc.).
down in the center of a town AfO 16 pl. 12 VAT
13802:8 (MB omens), cf. issir am ahmL ... 2. to take flight, to flee: nigdsu ip-pa-ar-
ip-par-sam-ma ina dli u nameu IGI.DU 8 (if) sa-a-ma huza nests its people had fled and
a strange-looking bird flies by and is seen in taken to faraway regions VAB 4 174 ix 25
the city and its surroundings JNES 33 199:6, (Nbk.); (twelve soldiers) ip-par-su-in-nifled
cf. also (Sum. broken) BRM 4 9:29, see also from me AnSt 5 104:120 (Cuthoan legend);
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naprutu napsu
gabbu it-tap-ru-su all of them fled ABL 1044 anzanis us-pa-ris-ma (see anzcnis) RA 27
r. 6 (NA). 18:16 (Til-Barsip), and the III/3: ana i(for
su)-tap-ru-u hutennisu isdha libbasu (see
3. IV/3 to fly around: summa eru ...
sdhu usage a-l'c') AKA 353:26 (Asn.).
istenis it-ta-nap-ra-si-ma if eagles fly around
together CT 41 1 Sm. 1244:2 (SB Alu); summa In CT 11 40a:10f. (A I/6:177f.), BAR = pa-
kulbabc ... it-tap-ra-su if ants fly around ra-s4, nap-ru-s4 is a mistake for pardsu.
KAR 377 r. 27f., also, wr. DAL.DAL.MES
napsamu s.; nose bag; Mari, MA, SB;
ibid. r. 16, KAR 376:11; [summa ... .] a agappi
cf. pasdmu.
saknu ... it-ta-nap-ra-i KAR 382:60; ina
lumun summati sa ina nap-ru-si-sdpela [... ] na-ap-sa-mu = ku-lu-lu Malku VI 135, also
An VII 219.
against the evil predicted by a dove which si //f nap-se-me, ka // a-na-pi-i-u-[nu], sub //
while flying [laid?] an egg KAR 387 ii 10; ta-na-di Ebeling Wagenpferde 37 Ko 17 (MA);
[x]-mu it-tap-ra-si (in broken context) nap-sa-mu // ma-ak-sa-ru Sa pi s se Lambert
Kocher BAM 323:34, dupl. Schollmeyer No. BWL 56 line q (Theodicy Comm.).
29:13; see also lex. section; in figurative use: ina pi girra kilija iddi nap-sa-ma Marduk
usemmit kappija i-tap-ru-id ul ale'i (the Marduk put a feed bag(?) on the mouth of
storm) tore off my wings, I cannot fly around the lion who was about to eat me Lambert
PBS 1/1 14:9, see JNES 33 274; issiiris Zm BWL 56 line q, 58:14 (Theodicy), for comm., see
it-tap-ra-i4 sum[matis] they became like lex. section; see also nap-se-me ana pisu[nu]
birds, they flew around like doves LKU 43:8 tanaddi you place the nose bags at their (the
(lit.); isd' it-ta-nap-ras libbi kima issur horses') mouths Ebeling Wagenpferde, in lex.
samdmi my heart flies and flutters like a section; you (pl.) said PN usahizanniu na-
bird in the sky STC 2 pl. 80:63; the demon ap-sa-am ni-du-tim temum annilm [i1-te PN2 -
agappdsu peta it-ta-nap-ra-ds (see kappu A ma na(!)-su-u PN informed me but it is a bag
mng. la-l') ZA 43 16:45 (SB lit.); summa of rubbish(?), this information was brought
amelu it-ta-na-ap-ra-as if a man flies around from PN 2 ARM 10 73:29.
MDP 14 p. 55 r. i 13 (MB dream omens); se'um
ina biti sati i-ta-ap-ru-su-u'it-ta-na-ap-[r]a-as napsaqu (napsaqu) s.; (part of a chariot);
the barley keeps flying away from that house SB; cf. pasdqu.
TCL 18 110:24 (OB let.); i-tap-ru-1ul (in gis.ad.us.gigir = nap-sa(var. -a[d])-qu Hh.
obscure context) En. el. V 71; possibly a V 22.
"separative" IV/2: mdmit kima nabli muttas gud.alim.ma gis.ad.us.gigir [...] : kusa:
prisi lit-tap-ras let the "oath" fly away like rikku ina nap-[sa-qi ... ] (see kusarikku) CT 15
42:12f., see RA 51 110.
a flying flame JNES 15 140:27, dupl. STT 75:13.
nap-sa-qu = MIN (= til-lu) TUR.ME§ Malku II 206.
4. III to let fly: see CT 16 9i 36f. andSBH
109 No. 56:77f., in lex. section; kima ere [nam]-ha-ru IAR.GU.LA nap-sd-qu [...]
qarditi gsrussa i-gap-ris I let (my troops) (referring to a chariot, followed by nattullu,
fly over it (the mountain) like strong eagles bubutu) K.5288 ii 2'.
TCL 3 25 (Sar.), also Lie Sar. 409, Winckler Sar.
napsu adj.; 1. crushed, broken, hit,
pl. 34:129, also (in broken context) 4R 59 No.
2. settled; OB, SB; cf. napdsu A.
2:14; i u u-sap-ra-ds simat qarraddti I can
make the arrow fly as befits a warrior gis.gisimmar.al.dub.ba = nap-u Hh. II
311.
Streck Asb. 256 i 21; tu-sap-ra-as (in broken
context) BA 5 703:18 (inc.), cf. tu-d-pdr- 1. crushed, broken, hit: er'dnu lemnu
ra-4d (in broken context, var. tu-sap-ra-as) ser'S nu nap-sa(var. -su) sa Sepe kissatu iAdtu
STT 236 r. 15 and 17, see Caplice, Or. NS 40 181, Kocher BAM 338:27 and dupl. STT 138:24 and
var. from Sm. 945, see Or. NS 36 274 note to line 20; K.6335:20 (SB inc.); [kir]d(?) nap-sa inbau
note the III/II: amrte mre ... elisu tuseder you let the damaged orchard(?)
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nap§altu nap§aru A
bring its fruit to ripeness LKA 142:32 (inc.); barley in the barley prepared (for shipment)
see also (said of a date palm) Hh. III, in lex. Thompson Rep. 271 r. 13, var. from ACh Sin
section. 25:24; SE BUR-tam ub-ba-lu (the water?)
will carry away the barley which is ready
2. settled: asum kisri na-ap-sui-tim
for shipment CT 39 15:26, 17:69, 18:81 (SB
concerning the settled payment VAS 9 40:12
Alu), also Labat Calendrier 216 r. 5f., and passim;
(OB leg.), see napau mng. 3b.
for other refs. wr. B4R, see Labat Calendrier
144 n. 1; note: (the third of Du'uzu) SE BUR
naptaltu see napsaStu. ma-gir barley prepared (for shipment),
favorable Sumer 17 34 iv 4, cf. (the third of
naptaqu see napsaqu. Simanu) SE BTR.RA RA 38 26:3 (hemer.).
Probably a basket of a standard capacity.

napgartu s.; barley prepared for shipment, The refs. from omens wr. BUR have been
basket for such barley; wr. syll. and BUR; cited here on the basis of the similar refs.
OB, SB; cf. padru. with napsardtu, but BUR in the refs. SE BUR-
a) in OB: asSum se'im sa GN u sa GN2 sa ti ubbalu and (in hemers.) SE BTiR may have
ta.puram idtu inanna ana UD.2.KAM annum u a different reading, possibly tassuhtu.
annum zaku u ana padrim qdt asakkan istu Landsberger, MSL 1 173ff.
aptasru na-ap-ea-ar-tam mala ibbassA kunuk:
aam uSabbalakkum as for the barley of GN naptaru see napguru.
and GN 2 about which you wrote me: In two
nap9iru A s.; 1. (a basket for barley ready
days one or the other will be cleaned, and I
for shipping), 2. (a harrow); OB*; pl.
will start preparing (the barley) for ship-
napsdratu; cf. pasdru.
ment, after I have prepared (the barley) for
shipment, I will send you under seal the gis.gAn.r.u.br..b.ra = nap-sa-r[u] Hh. V
179; gi.gur.se.bal, gi.gur.se.x.x, gi.gur.
(barley) prepared for shipment, as much as ki.lim.ma = nap-[4d]-ri Hh. IX Gap A cl-3,
there is TCL 17 2:30 (OB let.); (barley from see MSL 7 37.
three fields, summed up) x GUR na-ap-sa-
ra-a-tum §A GN YOS 5 201:5; x SE.GUR na- 1. (a basket for barley ready for shipping):
ap-sa-ar-tumA.SA A.GAR GU.LA ibid. 202:6, cf. see Hh. IX, in lex. section; x silver fslml
9, 12, (total) x AE.GUR na-ap-9[a-ra-tum]NIG na-ap-sa-ri-im[.. .] UD.KA.BAR TCL 10 78:15;
MU.7.KAM y SE.GUR sa a-hi-a-tim ibid. 20ff. 36 SiLA GUR sfm(?) GI na-ap-sa-ri YOS 5 87:2;
(OB), see Kraus, Oriental Law of Succession 57 1 GI.GUR na-ap-sa-ru (among implements)
n. 168, and correct the reading sub ahitu YOS 12 290:18; difficult: (loan of one mina of
mng. 6a. silver for a partnership) sa MA.NA KU.
BABBAR qa-ti isammu SE i.AG.E.EN I MA.NA
b) in omens: [.. .]-di ihalliq SE ina nap- KIT.BABBAR ina na-ap-sa-ra-tim ITI.AB.E UD.
sd-ra-t[i ... ] the [produce of the sea?] will 30.KAM KT i.LA.E for one-half mina of silver
fail, the barley [will ... ] in the transport they will deliver barley, as much as(?) they
baskets ACh Supp. Sin 26:10, of. hisib t&mti buy (at a cheap price), for (the other) one-
ihalliq SE ina na[p-Sd-ra-ti ... ] ACh Supp. half mina of silver they will pay silver on
2 Sin 22a:4; ebiir mati iSSir na-ap-sa-ra(text the thirtieth of the tenth month in (the
-ri)-a-tui-ba-as-x RA 38 82:17 (OB ext.), see RA standard-sized) baskets YOS 12 288:11 (OB
40 82; eb~ru ina Satti S2ti BUR-td ibai (var. leg.).
TUK-Si) the harvest in that year will pro-
duce(?) (surplus) barley prepared (for ship- 2. (a harrow): see Hh. V, in lex. section.
ment) ACh IStar 28:16, cf. EBUR KTUR BITR- Ad mng. 1: for padru as a term for the
td GAL K.3904+ r. 15; nuSurrS §E (var. Se-am) processing and packing of barley, see s.v.
ina B1R-ti ibadi there will be a decrease of See also napsartu.
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napiaru B napha§tu
napiaru B s.; uvula; OB, SB. (appropriate) for the SAG.KI.DIB.BA disease,
uzu.a(var. eme).u 5 .tur - nap-ia-a-ru Hh. you salve and bandage his temples AMT
XV 31; uzu.ab.gaba = gi-i-ri nap-Ad-ri, par.-4 102:35; note m[aSq]4tu taSaqqgii nap-JIL-tu
Hh. XV 89-89a. tapassassi abne tarakkassi Kocher BAM 237 i
nap-ar-gi // tu-ru-di-su BRM 4 32:4 (med. 14 (NA).
comm.).
2' with the purpose specified: 79 Sammu
a) napsiru: jumma ur'udum na-ap-ja- nap-sal-t a izi TCL 6 34 r. ii 14, parallel,
ra-am i'lut if the trachea swallows the uvula wr. ES: anndtu ina ES a IZI RA 54 174f.
YOS 10 36 iv 4; summa na-ap-sa-rumur'udam AO 17617:7, ibid. 11, r. 3, cf. AO 17613 r. 4,
i'lut if the uvula swallows the trachea dupl., wr. nap-sal-ti Kocher BAM 184 i 13, see
ibid. 6 (OB ext.); kima nesi nap-Sd-ru(?) i[sbat] Labat, RA 55 95; 14 sammi nap-sal-ti a kis
(the businu-disease) like a lion afflicted the libbi TCL 6 34 r. i 10, dupl. Kocher BAM 388 i
uvula AMT 18,11:7, cf. [ki barbari]nap-sd-ri 11; 9 ammu Sa nap-sal-ti lubki AMT 19,6:9;
isbat Hunger Uruk 44:70; [...] nap-Sd-ru zir nap-sal-ti DR.GIG Kocher BAM 98 r. 2; nap-
(possibly [itt]anaplaru, see zdru B usage b) sal-ti TU.RA.KILIB.BA salve for all diseases
Kichler Beitr. pl. 2 ii 21, and see BRM 4 32:4, ibid. 159 vi 37, 183:22, 197:41, 363 r. 22, nap-
in lex. section. Sal-ti SU.GIDIM.MA AMT 94,2 ii 18, also Kocher
b) siri napsdri (a part of the uvula): see BAM 197:31, nap-sal-ti NAM.RIM ibid. 156:20,
Hh. XV 89, in lex. section. of. also ibid. 179:12, 199:10, wr. nap-
Ad-al-tum ibid. 391:7, nap-sal-tu Ebeling
napgaktu (napsaltu) s.; 1. ointment, salve, KMI 50 ii 9, 11, 4R 55:32 (= Lamastu III 59),
2. spoon or bowl for ointments; SB, NA; ana nap-sal-ti [...] (in broken context)
pl. napsaldti,napsaSdti (KocherBAM 214 iii 10); Kocher BAM 263:12; nap-sal-tu qaggadi (fol-
wr. syll. (nap-sIL-tu Kocher BAM 237 i 14) and lowed by a list of ingredients) ibid. 156 r. 41,
(GoI.DILiM.)i.ASE (ES RA 54 174f., see mng. AMT 64,4:7, note also, wr. nap-gal-ti
la-2'); cf. pasdsu. STT 281 i 28, 32, abbreviated nap ibid. iii 4,
10, 15, and passim in this text; 4 Sammu i. f
gig.dilim.i.99 - nap-.d-d-tum Hh. IV 179;
dilim.1.6s - nap-sd-d4-tum Nabnitu XXIII 339. u qutdri immati AMT 92,9 ii 4 + 92,4 r. 3.
1. ointment, salve - a) in med. - 3' referring to the accompanying ritual:

1' referring to preparation, application, Sipta annitu ana mell nap-sal-ti u masgqti
etc.: 7 ammi nap-sal-ti SAG.KI.DIB.BA tamannu you recite this incantation over
tahassaltanappi ana libbi saman ereni tanaddi the poultice, the ointment and potions
Kocher BAM 323:74; sipta annita 7-4 ana
nakkapatisu daddniSu taptanasama iballut
seven drugs for an ointment for headache, muhhi nap-sal-ti tamannu AMT 97,1:14,
cf. AMT 104:36, Kocher BAM 216:4, 221 iii 30,
you crush and sift (them), put (them) into
cedar oil, you anoint his temples and his ina muhhi allni nap-sal-ti maSqiti DvR.GIG
aeck muscles and he will get well Kocher BAM tamannu ibid. 105:7; the incantation "loosen-
159 vi 49; tasdk ina himeti tuballal nap-sal- ing of the evil sinew" 3.TA.AM ana libbi
um (drugs) you crush, you mix with butter: nap-sal-ti tamannu you recite three times
over the ointment AfO 21 16:4.
this is) the ointment Kocher BAM 104:14,
dso AMT 42,2:3; (various stones) istenistasdk 4' other occs.: [na]p-d-la-tu taksiranu
FuburrasutaptanaSdas nap-sal-t[u] you crush latkitu bariti sa ana [qd]ti Asi tested and
;ogether, you anoint his anus repeatedly: checked ointments and bandages which have
)intment Kocher BAM 95 r. 35, also nap-gal- been excerpted from the list AMT 105,1:24,
a tapaSdassi ibid. 244:19; (various stones) see Hunger Kolophone No. 533; [... maA]qiti
rou crush itti nap-9al-ti u sindi sa SAG.KI.DIB nap-Sal-t[i n]armakti [...] Kocher BAM
II.HI SAG.KI.MES-4 taptanaa tasammid 244:39, note the pi. nap-Aal-a-te Kocher
nix with the ointment and the bandage Pflanzenkunde 36 vi 18 (NA pharm. inv.).
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naptatu napturtu
b) in magic texts and incs.: nap-sal-ti 173:13 (all astrol.), for other refs. see mahiru
samme lemniti ipsuSuinni (the enemies who) mng. 2c-1'; ebira nap-sd KUR K1t K.3780 i 9'
anointed me with a salve of evil(-working) (astrol.); niuiia sunqa imura NINDA nap-Sd
herbs Maqlu I106, also KAR 80 r. 30 KU.MES the people who experienced famine
and dupl. RA 26 41:5; nap-sal-ti sa mimma will eat bounteous food 81-2-4,234 r. 1, cf.
lemnu LBAT 1622 i 9 (rit.); jammi u nap-sal- mdtu akala nap-sd ikkal KAR 212 iv 44 (iqqur
turn a ina panika kunnu lipsusu arnia ipu), 389 i 15, also CT 38 3:46, CT 28 24a:11
may the herbs and the ointment which are (all SB Alu), ACh Samas 11:7, ACh Supp. 2
established before you (Marduk) erase my 69:17, 97 r. 6, Kraus Texte 56 iv 11, ZA 43
sins BMS 12 r. 76, see Ebeling Handerhebung 80; 104:11, TCL 6 16 r. 48, mdtu NINDA nap-
nap-sal-ti sutu ina libbi tanaddima siptu sd KU K.3091:6, BM 47461:21, and passim in
annitummaina muhhi tamannima KAR 43:15 astrol.; NINDA nap-sd ikkal Dream-book 316
and dupl. 63:14; 3 Sipati anndti 3.TA.~M ana K.6611:6, also Or. NS 40 164 80-7-19,280:9;
muhhi nap-sal-ti tamannu you recite these for other refs. see akalu mng. la-4'.
three incantations three times over the For the personal name NapuStu see
ointment 4R 55:35 (= Lamastu III 62). napistu mng. 2a.
c) in letters and adm.: nap-sal-t4 issenis
ussibila iimu sa edannisu iarru lippisis at napSu B adj.; combed, carded; SB; cf.
the same time I have sent a salve, the king napadu B.
should anoint himself on the day which is [pe-es] [P]E§ 5 = na-ap-[S]u Diri V 92; gis.zi.
appropriate for it ABL 391 r. 18, see Parpola pe85 (var. .pes).gisimmar, gig.zd.pe§5 (var.
.pes).ak.a.gisimmar =MIN (= su-t) nap-au-td
LAS No. 246; nap-sal-a-ti qutarimeli masqidti
Hh. III 371f.; [sig.nu.p]es5 = la nap-[d-a-tum],
3-4A ana sarri ... ussebila three times I have [sig.al.pe].a = nap-sd-a-[tum], sig.nu.al.
sent ointments, fumigations, phylacteries, rpe 51.a = la MIN Hh. XIX 10ff.
and potions to the king ABL 740:8, see Par-
pola LAS No. 258, cf. nap-sal-tt (in broken a) qualifying wool: see Hh. XIX, in lex.
context) ABL 1157:1, 4, 7 and 9, ADD 1089:6f. section; the shepherd will not marry me
(Inanna) [tug].gibil.l1.a.ni ba.ra.mi.
2. spoon or bowl for ointments: see lex. ni.ga.ga.an (gloss) : si-ba-ti-su na-ap-si-im
section; Samna ina GIS.DILIM..LSS taskarinni I will not wear his (the shepherd's) cloak of
teleqqe you take oil in a boxwood spoon BMS carded wool (lit. carded cloak) SEM 92:14,
12:8, also ibid. 15, 116, see Ebeling Handerhebung see van Dijk La Sagesse 67:75.
76ff.
b) qualifying palm fibers: see Hh. III, in
See itquru disc. section.
lex. section.
Landsberger, AfO 12 138 n. 12, and WO 1 370.
napgatu see napiStu. naptu s.; life, breath; SB*; cf. napdsu A.
nisi a ibnd si-kit-ti(var. -ta) nap-su dulli
napgu A adj.; abundant, plentiful; OB,
il imidma junu ippashu on mankind, en-
SB; cf. napasu A.
dowed with life, whom he created, he imposed
a) in gen.: the oxen and goats sammi na- the' labor (that had rested) on the gods, so
ap-Su-tim likulu should have plenty of grass that these could find respite En. el. VI 129.
to eat TBL 4 11:37 (OB let.). The phrase sikitti napsu is a variant of
b) in apodoses of omens: mahira nap-d4 siknat napigti, see napistu mng. 2b.
mtu ikkal the country will enjoy abundant
trade KAR 427 r. 27 (SB ext.), ACh Sin 24:26, napturtu s.; (mng. uncert.); SB; cf.
Supp. 33:61, Thompson Rep. 269:5f., of.UET 6 padru.
413:8, [mds]su KI.LAM nap-d ikkal CT 51 ul.8Du - nap-dur-tum Nabnitu O 245.
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napturu naptanu
MUL.AG.AN.NAx(BUR) : ana BALA TIL.LUM [kin].sig = nap-ta-nu, ki-in-8i-gu (preceded by
(for Tm.LA) nap-sur-tum gam-lum the Crown akal lildte and akal mile) Izi H App. 27f.; [k]in.
nim = nap-tan ,er-ti,
[k]in.[s]ig - nap-tan li-la-te,
of Anu star is for the end of the dynasty, bur, if, ..mu .gir = nap-ta-nu Igituh I 443-447;
(BUR is) n. (and) gamlu AfO 19 107 iii 23 kin.nim - nap-tan e-e-ru, kin.sig = nap-tan
(astrol. comm.), emendation from Enima Anu li-la-a-ti Igituh short version 129f.
Enlil Tablet 50. udu.sizkur.ra - UD ni-qi-e, vDU nap-ta-nu
Hh. XIII 149f.; [ka.siz]kur - MIN (= Aikar)
ni-qi-i, MIN nap-ta-nu Hh. XXIII ii 27f.; [kat.
napsuru (napSaru) s.; forgiveness,
bur].ra = MIN ni-qi-i, MIN nap-ta-nu, [ka].bur.
relenting, mercy; SB, NA; cf. pasdru. sag = MIN ni-qi-i, MIN nap-ta-nu ibid. 29ff., cf.
re-e-mu = nap-gu-ru Malku V 70; nap-Au-ru = ninda.na.ap.ta.nu.um MSL 11 149:139 (Fore-
re-e-mu ibid. 82; a-ga-rak-ti = nap-a-ru JRAS runner to Hh. XXIII).
1917 104f. :40, see Balkan Kassit. Stud. 4 (Kassite kin.sig nam.dingir.ra.zu hu.mu.ra.an.
Voc.). g&.g : nap-ta-an ilitika ligAakinka let a meal
(befitting) your divine status be laid out for you
DN al nap-sur-ka DN 2 ale terdtuka Nabui, Schollmeyer No. 7:15f.; bur zi (var. dugbur.zi)
where is your forgiveness, DN 2 , where is sar.ra : nap-tan d-qu- ana uhmutu (vars. nap-
your mercy? STT 65:27, see Lambert, RA 53 130 tan-nu, ina nap-ta-ni Ad-qt-[u ... ]) SBH p. 20
No. 9 r. 30f., dupls. p. 23 No. 10 r. 14f., Langdon
(NA lit.); nap-sur-su abu remeni (Marduk)
BL No. 185:5; obscure: KU al.ma.a[l] : nap-
whose forgiveness is (that of) a merciful father tan-na ina Jakanu SBH p. 44 No. 21 r. 17; E].
BMS 11:2; nashurka tabu nap-sur-ka rabu su(var. omits .Au).bur.an.na - bit hurde bit nap-
your sweet pardon, your great mercy Scheil ta-ni itarra[su] KAV 42 r. 19, .nig.ba.dus.a =
Sippar No. 2:15 and dupl., see Ebeling Handerhe- E nap-[ta]-ni(var. -nu) [u] nid-pi-' = bit Amurru
ibid. r. 11, see Frankena Takultu 126:175 and 167,
bung 10; aruhnap-sur-ds her relenting is swift cf. CT 51 90 r. 4.
AfO 19 54:215; [... ]-da u nap-su-ra isimsi [ki]n(?)-da-sig-ga-u = nap-ta-nu Malku VIII
DN Salas decreed for her to [...] and to 128; [z]i-i-bu, se-i4-ku-i-[ru], ta-an-qi-tu[m], se-i-
forgive ibid. 233 (SB prayer to Itar); urra a-bu, zar-ba-bu - nap-[ta-nu], zi-ir-qu = MIN d [x]
CT 18 21 Rm. 354:2-7, restored from dupl.
nap-Jur-ka by day your relenting AfO 19 64:81,
LTBA 2 14; [...] = nap-ta-nu CT 18 10 iii 4.
83 (SB prayer to Marduk); nap-sur-[ka... ]
(in broken context) ZA 61 50:10, 12 (hymn to 1. food allotment, meal, banquet - a) in
Nabu); hatti iii // nap-sur iii // ana ameli adm. contexts recording food allotments and
Labat Calendrier § 41': 7, cf. nap-Sur iii [ana deliveries for meals for the king, the temple,
ameli] CT 38 37:10 and 12 (SB Alu); for other and personnel - 1' in OAkk.: (bread)
refs. see pasdru. na-ap-da-nmr ZI.GA PN HUCA 29 101 No.
24:3; (flour) na-ap-da-num BIN 3 619:2, cf.
In Frankena Takultu 8 x 9 read KA.GAL, see
CT 3 49 iii 75, (beer) na-ap-da-n4m Or.
Frankena, BiOr 18 205.
47-49 No. 477:3, also Kang SACT 2 293:3, and
naptanu s.; 1. food allotment, meal, passim in Ur III, see MAD 3 220.
banquet, 2. time of the evening meal, 2' in OB: 1 siLA NINDA watrum eli na-ap-
evening; from OAkk., OB on, Akkadogram ta-nim innepi one sila of bread was baked in
in Hitt.; pl. naptandtu; wr. syll. and KIN. excess of (bread needed for) the meal Edzard
SIG, NIG.DU, BUR; cf. patdnu v. Tell ed-Der 155:17; ana na-ap-ta-an LUGAL
[bu-ur] BUR = nap-ta-nu Ea III 232, also Sa (flour) for the king's meal (received by the
Voc. M 12ff., Sb I 14; bu-ur BUR = n[ap-ta-nu], baker) UET 5 447:2; price of the fish na-ap-
z[i-i-bu], pa-a[-A.u-ru], ni-q[u-u] Idu II 122ff.;
U.bur = nap-ta-nu Izi E 327.
ta-an a-wi-lim (for) the master's meal
i.s[i.sd] = [nap-ta-nu] Ai. V A, 2'; 6.si.sd Grant Bus. Doc. 51:4; ana itaqqim u SI.GAR
nap-ta-nu Izi E 323; ku-ua = nap-ta-nu, i6.s.sh na-ap-ta-an KIN.SIG (beer) for the libation
= pa-ta-nu, ku-us.kin.nim = nap-tan ka-sa-a-ti, and the inner bolt (of Ekisnugal), meal of
uni.kin.sig = MIN li-la-a-ti Erimhug II 296ff.;
the evening UET 5 507 i 26, of. ibid. 16, with
[i-nu] [vut] nap-ta-nu, ma-ka-lu-u, pa-dd-su-ru
Diri VI B 13'ff.; kul = nap-ta-nu Izi E 239; subscript na-ap-ta-an Ekidnugal ibid. 31;
[nig].gu-ubDU = nap-ta-nu 5R 16 iii 31 (group voc.). (flour and cereals) na-ap-ta-an gU.OI.NA
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regular (allotment for) meals UET 3 270 r. i (the visiting king's) food allotments (beside
6, ii 21, see Levine and Hallo, HUCA 38 46f., siditu) ARM 2 69 r. 11', parallel, wr. NiG.DU.
replaced by ip-ti-nu-um HUCA 34 8:67; HI.A-sU ibid. 82:8, NINDA U KAS NIG.DU-5A
aAum 1 UDU.NITr A na-ap-ta-ni-im(!) sa ina GN reSam likl let the bread and the beer
ITI.DIRI.GA PN dajani imhur PN appealed for his food allotment be available in GN
to the judges concerning one ram and ibid. 11, cf. (comprising NINDA KAI u UDU.[NITA.
(barley from) the n. deliveries (his share in I.A]) ibid. 22; NIG.D sdbim satu u siditum erszt
the prebend) of the intercalary month CT 4 the food allotment and travel provisions for
13a:1, cf. Se'am u UDU.NITA na-ap-ta-an that army are ready ARMT 13 34:11, cf. ina
ITI.DIRI.GA ... iddinusum ibid. 7, cf. also GN NiG.DU.HI.ACbum usallam ARM 1 39 r. 13'
ibid. 12; (amounts of barley, flour, or beer) se'em annem ana SE.BA birtim sa GN ziD.DA 2
na-ap-ta-nu kurummat suhdr (for) the KAS.V.SA ana NIG.DU.HI.A birtim sa GN [...]
meal and provisions of the servants TCL 11 this barley for the barley rations of the
237:20; 6 siLA na-ap-ta-nu ana bit PN garrison of GN, flour and beer for the meal
TLB 1 164:1, also (followed by PAD :) ibid. of the garrison of GN [...] ARM 4 81:33:
54 i 1, cf. 1 siLA putanat zdbil libittim asum na-ap-ta-ne-em assum qgi tisunu nazqu
ibid. 167:2; (beer for the temple of Sin) 2 BAN (the Elamites) are perturbed because of the
ana na-ap-ta-nu-um 1 BAN usuhard a PN food allotments and their wages ARMT 13
YOS 12 517:4; 5 SiLA PAD SAG.iR.HI.A 25 32:14, cf. 12, 21; inuma NiG.DU GAL reded qu ad
SiLA na-ap-ta-nu-um Adab 535:2, cf. Adab 36:6, ride ARM 7 49:11, of. urn NIG.DU GAL
3 BAN na-ap-ta-nu-um MA KA KU Adab 33:1, ARM 7 14:11, and passim; NIG.DU LUGAL ARM
and passim in unpub. Adab texts in Istanbul; 9 71:8; NIG.DU.HI.A LUGAL ARM 9 168 vi 29,
na-ap-ta-nu-um u 4 .te.gig.ba.a (beer for) and passim, see ibid. p. 274ff., also ARMT 11
the evening meal Tell Asmar 1931,698:1, 75:4, 279:7; NiG.DU LUGAL U sabim ARM
and passim in the E.gibil archive (early OB), 9 218:27, and passim in ARM 9, ARMT 11 and
wr. na-ap-ta-ndm Tell Asmar 1931,701:1; 12.
(flour) na-ap-ta-nu (parallel kurummatu)
4' in Chagar Bazar, Rimah: (flour) NIG.DU
Riftin 111:3, 109:2, cf. 106, 107, 110; x siLA
ZiD.Gt na-ap-ta-nu-[um] 2N-T169:1; 2 BAN
Jasmah-Adad Loretz Chagar Bazar 10:5, and
passim; NIG.DU Jasmah-Adad u HA.NA.M[ES]
ZiD na-ap-ta-nu A 3545:1, also A 3542:1, 3148:1
ibid. 25:10; NIG.DU.HI.A LUGAL OBT Tell
(from HI.GAR, i.e., Damru); (beer) na-ap-ta-nu-
Rimah 108:5; (bread and beer) NIG.DU sabim
um UET 5 802:3.
sa halas GN (for) the food allotment of the
troops of the district of GN Iraq 7 pl. 1 A.
3' in Mari: ana NiG.DU mahar RN nirubma
926:6, of. NIG.DU fPN OBT Tell Rimah 193:4,
ina kisal ekallim nirub we entered into the
194:4.
presence of Hammurapi (of Babylon) for a
banquet(?), and we entered the courtyard of 5' in MB: 2 GUR GIS.BAN KIN.SIG istu GN
the palace (and they provided us with cloth- PN isd4 PN brought from GN two gur
ing) ARM 2 76:5, cf. mar Siprim ina NiG.D
ul ulabbas ibid. 36; NIG.DU miim ARM 9
according to the seah measure for n. allot-
ments BE 15 147:1, see Torczyner Tempelrech-
251 r. 7, cf. also naptan qa-sa-tim, naptan nungen 3f., cf. BE 14 35:1, 145:1; PAP 2 (GUR)
milim (unpub. Mari text), cited Birot, ARMT 9 ZID.DA KIN.SIG total: two gur of flour (for)
p. 275; ina na-ap-ta-nim mahrika lu kajanu the n. BE 14 47:8; (flour) KIN.SIG PN ...
NIG.DU §uhham la tuSaptan NIG.D tnahdam PAD PN 3 ... PAP X ZID.DA aklum ibid. 81:1;
liptattanu (see suhhu) ARM 1 52:32; u na-ap- 1 MAS KIN.SIG one goat for n. BE 14 159:5;
ta-na-am ipattan [u] inaddi (the army) will 3siLA KIN.SIG ibid. 152:1; KIN.SIG UD.5.KAM
eat a meal and depart ARM 6 32:22; assum ibid. 117a:7, 8; one lamb KIN.SIG TA UD.6.
na-ap-ta-na-ti-dubell ana GN u GN, lispurma KAM EN UD.10.KAM PBS 2/2 83:3; total:
let my lord write to GN and GN, about his barley, cress, and lentils KIN.SIG ibid. 35;
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KIN.SIG 3 lum BE 14 131:21, of. BE 15 156:3, 727:7, cf. Lt.SIPA nap-ti-ni ana pirriu la
4, 168:2, 1 SiLA pappasu KIN.SIG PN PBS imaggur ABL 726:7.
2/2 86:10; meat portions 3 KIN.SIG A PN ana
9' in NB - a' of the king: (the chief
KIN.SIG TD.29.KAM PBS 2/2 113:22f., of.
herdsmen of DN will bring two hundred
ibid. 33, of. also ibid. 119:2ff.; 2 GIS.BANSUR.
head of sheep and goats) ana nap-ta-nu 9a
MES §a KIN.SIG Sumer 9 34ff. No. 16:12, also
Sarri ina ekalli Sa ina GN uazzazu they will
ibid. 5.
deliver them for the king's meal in the palace
6' in MA: PAP 7 UDU.NITA.ME~ ana nap- which is in Abanu AnOr 8 67:8; futteta anal
te-ni ki RN ana muhhi kisallate me ramaki nap-ta-nu .a Sarri [lud.bi]lu YOS 3 66:22
ittanarradu epSu in all, seven rams slaught- (both from Uruk), cf. ultu muhhi 9a BUR Sarri
ered for the meal (parallel: namuratu [... t]epuga' UET 4 183:2.
KAJ 205:6) whenever Ninurta-tukulti-A§§ur
b' of gods: beer nap-ta-nu Sa Nabd
goes down to the courtyards to bathe in
VAS 6 115:2, 139:1, 144:2, 156:1, 182:1; 100
water KAJ 204:7, cf. 1 immeru ina UD.22.
Sappatu a karani ellu ... ana nap-ta-nu Sa
KAM ana kisalldte ana nap-te-ni epi AfO 10
[DN] one hundred jars of pure wine for the
38 No. 76:1; one lamb ana [bi]t nuhatimmi
meal of DN Nbn. 247:12; nap-tan Sa IShari
ana nap-te-ni sa Ninurta-tukulti-Asur ibid.
VAS 6 96:3; sizib ana nap-tan-nu a DN
40 No. 89:17; 1 UDU.NIM.MES ana nap-te-ni
isabbatu put sabitu .a Sizib ana nap-tan-nu
sa PN nubattuu epis one spring lamb
Sa DN PN u PN, najS they will deliver the
slaughtered for the meal of Ninurta-tukulti-
milk (of the cows) for the meal of the Lady-
Assur at night KAJ 200:2, of. AfO 10 33ff. Nos.
of-Uruk, PN and PN2 guarantee the delivery
50:3, 54:3, 1 immeru ina UD.2.KAM nubat=
of milk for the meal of the Lady-of-Uruk
tuu ana nap-te-ni epis No. 81:3, wr. nap-
YOS 7 79: 9f., of. ibid. 15; ki ninu ibtarruma
ti-ni No. 72:8, and passim in this archive, see 10-u
ana nap-ta-nu Sa DN la ittanni if they
Weidner, AfO 10 10.
catch fish but do not give the tithe for the
7' in Nuzi: 26 NINDA ana na-ap-ta-ni meal of the Lady-of-Uruk (called sattukku a
HSS 14 99:1; (flour) ana na-ap-ta-an-ni-wa DN line 17) TCL 13 163:19; I have sent two
ibid. 140:2, ana na-ap-ta-na(var. -ni) ibid. hundred pomegranates [a]na nap-ta-nu ana
94:5, var. from 97:7. Belti Sa Uruk u Nand TCL 9 114:9 (let.), of.
PN suluppi u lurindu ana nap-ta-nu da DN
8' in NA: nap-tu-nu gabbu ussallimu ina YOS 6 222:5 and 12, of. also (figs) BIN 1 48:13;
pan DN uqtarribu (and) they prepared the nap-ta-nu ina bit akitu ana ubdti uqarrabi
whole meal in full and presented it to AsSur ... NINDA.HI.A u KAS.HI.A ana Subiti iqars
ABL 1384 r. 10, cf. nap-tu-nu ... iqtirib rab[u] he will serve the meal in the akitu-
ABL 889 r. 4, also (in broken context) ABL house to the socles, bread and beer will be
1022:31; I do not withhold anything belonging served to the socles YOS 7 89:19 (Uruk), of.
bo the cult of the sanctuaries minu nap-tu- siras .a nap-ta-nu ana KI.TU.MES uqarrabu
ru Sa erriiini what is the meal that they are the brewer who serves the meal to the cult
isking for? ABL 1021:12, see Parpola LAS socles YOS 6 156:10, UD.2.KAM Sa MN 2-ta
So. 294; (wine) ana nap-te-ni Kinnier Wilson BUR.ME§ UD.4.KAM KI.DAG (= Subtu) 1 BUR
Wine Lists pl. 41 ND 6213 ii 1, see ibid. p. 33; TD.17.KAM KI.DAG 1 BUR 3 KI.DAG.ME Sa MN
aote: PN PN 2 LU.SIPA nap-ti-ni ... annirig VAS 5 124:11 ff., of. ibid. edge, also 97:2; qurs
7 ,andte [issu] bit emmerZ [sa ana] Sarri ad- rubu nap-ta-nu Sa UraA VAS 5 104:11; mams
e-e-nu-ni [la] imaggur [ana p]irri [la] errubu ma Sa nap-ta-nu ana dIGI.DU.MEA kilall
PN (and) PN,, the shepherds (responsible for uqarrabi ... jdnu there is no one who would
lelivering sheep) for the meal, have now, serve the meal to the two gods YOS 3 91:22
seven years since I (last) gave sheep to the (let.); pitt apt Sa nap-ta-nuu bun Sa takkass
king, refused to bring the sheep tax ABL nald they assume the guaranty for the
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cooking of the meal and the good quality of they served all kinds (of fine victuals) for
the takkass2 (for context see ept v.) TCL 13 the morning and evening meals Streck Asb. 264
221:16, cf. ibid. 14, cf. also (prebends of bakers iii 9, cf. ana qurrubi [na]p(?)-tan naddn zibi
and brewers) VAS 6 104:19, (cooks and bakers) ibid. 282:30; uzepisma GI .LI (= itquru) kaspi
TuM 2-3 210:2, VAS 5 83:7, YOS 6 170:1, ebbi ana qurrube nap-tan Seri u lilati mahar
and passim, pTt batla u masnaq <tu >u bunni 9a ilutia he had a bowl of shining silver made
naptanu PN nasi 81-7-1,332:9, cf., wr. sa for serving the morning (and) evening meals
BUR VAS 5 97:10, piut BUR PN nasi VAS 5 to her (TaSmetu's) divine majesty AfO 16
124:16, cf. ina muhhi massartisa Eanna nap- 306:19, cf. usepisma ... ana raks nap-tan
tan-nu u geme salam biti la tasella BIN 1 19:29 ebbi simat iliitiSa KAV 171:7 and 26 (both Sin-
(let.); g me gind nap-ta-an-nu sa Nabii sar-iskun); bursag[ge u bur]-ge-e nap-t[a]n
VAS 6 173:4 and 12; rab4 sa Sri BUR PN [...] BBSt. No. 35 edge 6 (Merodachbaladan).
the main course of the morning (meal), meal
(supplied) by PN VAS 6 174:10, cf. tardinnu c) in rit. and cultic context - 1' for gods:
Ja seri BUR sa PN ibid. 21, tardinnu sa kis [ina k]asatisu eli a kajantim [us]ahrapuma
BUR PN ibid. 40. NiG.DU DN issakkan in the morning, earlier
than usual, the meal of IStar will be served
b) in royal inscrs.: I made sacrifices to RA 35 2 i 6 (Mari rit.); izzazzu nap-tu-nu uab-
my gods nap-tan huditu askun I arranged Sulu (the kakkardinnu, siraii, etc.) are in
a joyous banquet WO 2 148:70 (Shalm. III); service, they cook the meal (for the goddess)
surruh nap-ta-ni simat passuri ii u sarri Ebeling Parfimrez. pl. 32:18 (NA), see Ebeling
(I planned the construction of this city) in Stiftungen 13; UDU kimru ina muhhi pasiiri
order to make lavish the meal(s), befitting tesen nap-tan qdti issenis tuqarrab you put a
(even) the table of god and king Lyon Sar. kimru-sheep on the table and serve at the
7:42; alpl immere ana niqg belija u nap-tan same time a meal "of the hand" (to A§§ur)
garritijaina mat GN ritu usasbit I put BBR No. 60 r. 28; nignakka sa nap-tan se-r[i
ubtu
(the captured herds of) oxen and sheep in ... sakdni] ibid. No. 89-90:17; countless birds
good pastures in Assyria for the sacrifices to and fishes are sent promptly esih nap-ta-nu
my lords and for my own royal repast Borger sa mar bel [... ] the meal for DN is prepared
Esarh. 106 iii 35, cf. (sheep, birds, wine, LKA 68:7 (NA lit.), cf. rehet nap-ta-nu .. .
cereals) ana nap-tan iluiti[sunu qere]b bit ana LUGAL uqarrabu ibid. 9; itmisam kal
Akiti ukin ibid. 95 r. 31, nap-tan se-e-[ri] Satti ina nap-tan GAL-i a seri elat sappi sa
(in broken context) ibid. 90 § 58 iii 13; (I maqqane 18 Sappi hurasi ina passir DN
built a sanctuary in Dilbat) ana nap-ta-nu tarakkas every day, during the whole year,
ilani rabbiti ukin I established (the cella) at the main meal of the morning you arrange
for the meal(s) of the great gods OECT 1 pl. 18 golden vessels on the table of Anu in
29:5 (AMgur-otel-ilani); matima in matim na- addition to the sacrificial vessels RAcc. 75:1;
ap-ta-an DN 1 AMAR MU.3 na-ap-ta-an KI.3. nap-tan-nu tardinnu sa &erigindi a Anu
KAM 1 AMAR MU.3 KIN UD.1.KAM ukin in this Antu u ilani the second meal of the morning,
country the meal of Samag (had) always the regular offerings to Anu, Antu, and the
(consisted of) one three-year-old heifer for (other) gods (followed by a list of animals to
three meals, (now) I established one three- be sacrificed) ibid. 78 r. 13; 168 loaves that the
year-old heifer as the provision for one baker will deliver ana 4 nap-tan ibid. 76:33,
single day JEOL 20 57:141 and 144 (NB of. 23, and passim in this text, see also lidtu
Cruc. Mon. Manistuu); matima in mdtim ana mng. Ic; nap-tan u $ume hantiituina muhhi
na-ap-ta-an DN MUSEN.JI.A la ibadi2 never nadappi hurdsi ana DN uqarrab he serves the
in this country had there been birds for the
meal and hot roast meat to Anu on a golden
meal of §amai dish ibid. 90:24; ina muhi patirinap-ta-nu
ibid. 166, of. ibid. 56:84;
mimma gumu nap-tan dsri lildti utahhima iqarrub the meal is served (to Askaitu) on a
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reed stand LKU 51:6 and 25; (for the gods) r. 65; [... kuru]nni nap-tan zibi agikard
kala umi nap-tan tagakkan RA 21 129 K.2495 AfO 19 62:16 (hymn to Marduk); nap-tan kibs
r. 4; note as Akkadogram in Hitt. (referring rdti (in broken context) Lambert BWL 138:194
to a cultic meal): NAP-TA-NU GAL Otten (hymn to gamai).
Hethitische Totenrituale 26:24, 60:17, 82 r. iv 9;
2' other occs.: there was such a famine
LIU.MES DUGUD NAP-TA-NIM KUB 2 15 v 33,
that iltaknu ana nap-ta-ni mdrta ana kurums
vi 13; LU.MES UGULA LI-IM SA NAP-TA-NI
mate bina iltaknu they prepared (their)
KUB 25 3 iii 21; NAP-TA-NIM KBo 11 46 v 14.
daughter as a meal, they prepared (their) son
2' for kings: uimu Sa nap-te-ni sa s[arru as food Lambert-Millard Atra-hasis 112 v 22, vi
adi rabdni] ana nap-te-ni errabu[ni] on the 11 (SB); na-ap-ta-nu-um la iba'a etrubamma
day of the meal, when the king with the the meal(time) must not pass, come in!
authorities enters for the meal MVAG 41/3 UET 6 414:36 (OB), see Iraq 25 184; heaven
60 i 1 (MA royal rit.); kima nap-tu-nu ma'da forbid that I slaughter the goat in my
qarrub when the meal has been served in compound ul ibassi nap-ta-nu there still
large quantities ibid. 64 iii 43, of. iii 49, nap- would be no meal STT 38:18, see AnSt 6 150
tu-nu ammar a partu ibid. iii 31, qatdri [s]a (Poor Man of Nippur); mdlil irqu nap-tan rube
nap-te-ni anni gabbu all the incense for this [...] he who (normally) eats greens will
meal ibid. 35; Sarr ina nap-te-ni ussab pasGira have the meal of a prince Lambert BWL 80:185
pan sarri isakkunu nap-ta-an-su ugammar (Theodicy); nap-tan apattanu ul etehhb [... ]
the king sits down for the meal, they place the meal I eat does not taste(?) [good]
the table before the king, he finishes his meal ZA 5 80 r. 9 (prayer of Asn. I).
KAR 146 iv(!) 7, 9 (NA); e-rab dli ana
2. evening, time of the evening meal:
madakte uppas [an]a qirsi errab nap-tu-nu
lama sahdt Samsi adi NIG.DU (the Habur rose
isakkan [kar]ru ihaddu he makes a triumphal
one cubit) from before sunrise until evening
entry into the camp, he enters the sacred
ARM 14 19:15; on my twenty days' journey
area, he prepares a meal, the king rejoices
there was not a single sila of food (kurums
K.10209:23 (NA royal rit.).
matu) available liserunimma lama na-ap-ta-
d) in lit.- 1' for gods and kings: [izaqqap ni ana GN lisniqunim they should start out
b]inam ina silli binim [n]a-ap-ta-nam [...] (with the items of food specified) so that they
(the king) plants a tamarisk, in the shade of arrive at Pug before evening TLB 4 36:22 (OB
the tamarisk he [takes?] a meal Lambert BWL let.).
155:7 (fable, OB version), cf. ina silli bini In earlier texts, naptanu is often parallel
nap-tu-[nu]ga-ki-im(text -ih)-ma ibid. 162:14 to kurummatu and denotes the food allot-
(NA version); summa sulmu kima KUD diqdr ment (consisting of cereals, beer, and meat)
nap-tan sarri GAZ-pi if the pustule (looks) issued to troops and personnel as well as
like the KUD-sign(?), a dish at the king's that served for the king or in the temples.
meal will break KAR 423 ii 60 (SB ext.); ina In NA and NB, naptanu usually refers to
balika ul issakkan nap-tan ina Ekur without the meal served to the gods and (as leftovers
you (Nusku) no meal is arranged in Ekur from the god's meal) to kings, and thence
KAR 58:30, cf. ul sakin nap-tan ibid. 41, comes to denote, as a literary term, a
see Ebeling Handerhebung 38, also Maqlu VI 113,
sumptuous meal or banquet.
wr. nap-ta-na ibid. II 9; ana nap-tan iii u
Kingsbury, HUCA 34 22f.; van Driel Cult of
sarri la itehhu it (the onion) will not be
AXur 159ff.; Birot, RA 52 177ff.
served for the meal of god or king Surpu
V-VI 66; ina Diri ina nap-tan ildni kalama naptaqu s.; cast bronze object; lex.*;
mukil res lemutti ittanmar CT 29 49:31 (SB cf. patdqu.
prodigies); nap-ta-an puhri sa ildni rabiti urudu.A.al.GAR, urudu.tn.Su.min - nap-
BBR No. 75-78 r. 71, cf. [n]ap-tan &Sriibid. ta-qu Nabnitu E 210f.
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For refs. to the implement see 2 .GARI.a naptartu B s.; desertion; Mari, SB; cf.
zabar (beside copper hoes and bronze axes) padaru.
Limet M6tal 248 No. 14:4; 1 urudu a.as.
GAR UET 3 721:2. ahum ana ahim immarma u ina sdbim na-
ap-ta-ar-tum ibbagdi if they see one another,
naptetu s.; key, small saw; lex.*; cf. there will be desertion among the troops
petd v. ARM 6 30:32; [na]p-tar-td u nabalkattu (KI.
gi~.gag.nigtul-uGAB = nap-far-tum, nap-te-e-
BAL) .a ummdn nakri desertion and revolt
tum Hh. VI 136f., cf. giS.gag.nig.duh = nap- of the enemy troops Craig ABRT 1 81:24 (ta-
te-tum = MIN (= [mah-ra-qu]) x-[....] Hg. A I 65, mitu, coll. W. G. Lambert).
gil.gag.nig.duh = nap-te-tum = [MI] (= [mah-
ra]-fu) Hg. B II 17, in MSL 6 76f.
[urudu.i]um.gam.me.tur.tur - nap-te-e-tu naptartu see naptaru.
(var. n[a-p-...]) small saw Hh. XI 428, from
BM 33426.
naptaru (napturu, fem. naptartu) s.;
naptif (nepti) s.; (part of a lock); lex.*; (person with certain privileges); OB, Mari,
cf. pet v. RS, Akkadogram in Hitt.; napturu An IX
75f.; cf. patdru.
gis.gag.du 8 .ba.la = sik-kdt nap-te(text er-
roneously -PI)-e Hh. VI 133; gii.gag.du8 .ba.l6 ga.an.uri, ga.an.du, §E§.e.ne = nap-fa-ru
- eik-kdt nap-te-e = [x-x-x]-ri Hg. B II 18, in (between ubaru, igaranu and ad4abu) MSL 12 142
MSL 6 78. iii 12a-14 (Lu); ga.an.du 8 = nap-fa-ru (var. [nap]-
ni-ip-tu-t = mu-e-lu-u CT 18 4 K.4375 r. ii 50. far-t[u]), ga.am.ku4 = er-re-bu Izi V 102f.;
GA - na-ap-[a(?)-rum] Proto-Aa 728:9, in MSL 14
In Cagni Erra IIIc:48, ni-IB-ta-h (attested 101; ni-gi-in NIGIN = nap-ta-rum Ad E A I/2:134.
only in one copy) seems to be an error for an-za-ni-nu, su-sa-pi-nu = nap-fa-ru (var. nap-
nibittasu, see nibittu. fu-ru) LTBA 2 2:356f., var. from ibid. 1 vi 20f.;
an-[za-ni]-nu, s[u-sa-pi]-nu = nap-t -rum An IX
naptunu see naptanu. 75f.
Ad OGI.TUKXTL.uIr - nap-ta-rum (comm. on a
kakki suni na z, see siinu) AfO 14 pl. 7 K.4336 ii 11
naptartu A (napta.tu) s.; (part of a lock); (astrol. comm.).
OB, SB, NB; cf. patdru.
gin.gag.nigd[u]-uGAB - nap-far-tum, nap-te-e- a) in OB, Mari: umma awilum bugegu ana
turn Hh. VI 136f.; gis.gag.nig.duh- =nap-tar- na-ap-t(-ri(var.adds -im) ana massartimiddin
tum, nap-te-tum = [mah-ra]-su Hg. B II 16f., also if a man gives his goods to a n. for safekeeping
Hg. A I 64f., in MSL 6 76f.
Goetze LE § 36 A iii 14, var. from B ii 24; gumma
ekallu sanitu ... sa ki ekallija la e-re-bi nap- ubarum na-ap-ta-rum u mudld ikargu inaddin
tar-tc la irassipiina libbi la erabbasu he must if an ubaru, a n., or an "acquaintance"
not move into another palace instead of my intends to sell his beer (the tavernkeeper
palace, he must not smash the lock(?) (or: sells it for him at the current rate) ibid. § 41
make it into a guest house?) so that people A iii 30 and B iii 14; [LT g]dtu itti na-ap-ta-ar-
lie around in it AKA 248 v 41 (Asn.); uncert.: ti-Au uterrunim they returned that man to
URU A nap-ta-i-ftuml Moore Michigan Coll. No. me with his n. (possibly in the same sense as
58:9 (NB); 1 KUv meden na-ap-ta-ra-ti,subilam in usage c) ARM 10 59 r. 2; see also naptaru
(I have no shoes) send me shoes with in bit naptari.
buckles(?) CT 52 127:14 (OB let.); obscure:
.umma zikar a(?)-li-da-ni .umma sinniat b) in RS: iatu mi annim ana pani RN
na-ap-t[a]-ar-ta-ni limqutam qaqqarum if ... Aar GN PN u PN, DUM PN, na-ap-ta-ru
(the child to be born) is male, let a .... , from this day on, PN and PN,, son of PN,,
if it is female, let a n. fall to the ground are n.-s before Niqmepa, king of Ugarit
VAS 17 34:17 (OB inc.), see van Dijk, Or. NS 41 MRS 6 89 RS 15.123+ :5, see Nougayrol, ibid.
344. 219.
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naptaru naptaru
c) as Akkadogram in Hitt. (in the mng. ul [an]addinakki (she said) we have no food
"wife of second rank"): SAL NAP-TAR-TI so we went to your bit naptari to ask for
KUB 21 42 i 16; AES DUMT.MES SAL NAP-TAR-TI barley, but rPN said: I will not give (it) to
ibid. i 21; DUMU.MES SAL NAP-TAR-TI ibid. iv 18, you (fem.sing.) YOS 13 101:6; PN and his col-
see von Schuler Dienstanweisungen 23ff.; SAL leagues came here in order to recruit the men
NAP-<TAR>-TI KUB 21 1 i 66, see Friedrich Staats- (sdbam) who had been assigned to them
vertrige 56, 91, see Goetze, ArOr 2 153ff. piqat ana serika illakunimma E na-ap-ta-ri-ia
The late syn. lists and commentaries udabbabu lest they come to you and cause
equate the matchmaker (see anzaninu) and trouble about my bit naptari (speak to them
the person authorized to carry a weapon at as follows) TCL 18 91:13;
ana piqat illakunim inima
E la udabbabu u
iterbunim ana E
his side with naptaru.
na-ap-ta-ri-ia qibima suhdram u SAG.GEME.
In CT 12 25 ii 13 (A 1/2:134) collation shows MER idam liSasbitu they must not cause
si(or ab)-te-rum. trouble for the house, and in case they come
Landsberger, David AV 2 98f.; Finkelstein, here, as soon as they have entered tell (the
JAOS 90 252ff.; Kraus, RA 70 165ff.
person in) my bit naptari that they should
make the boy and the slave girls raise objec-
naptaru in bit naptari s.; quarters for tions ibid. 23; (he excluded me from a share
soldiers, also a type of residence for foreigners in the dates and the fodder) aSum lidiSu u
and other persons of naptaru status, and the bi-it na-ap-ta-ri-Suitassim in order to provide
people living there; OB, Mari; cf. patru. for his bastards and his bit naptari TLB 4
a) in Mari: if there are more than one 52:11; kima iStu labirtim E-ti na-ap-ta-ri-ia
thousand men, they should camp outside sisam u akitam la kullumu ul tide do you not
the town, but if two or three hundred men know that of old my bit naptari was not
subject to summonses or extraordinary
(only) follow him (the king of Kurda) ana
adaASimma lirubamma E.HI.A na-ap-t-riidin
duties? CT 4 29c:2, cf. kima E na-ap-ta-ri-ia
sunuim [ana] RN [ina k]irhimma [1] fi na-
buzzu'u ibid. 6, but ana 6-ti la iSassi ibid.
ap-ta-ri taklam idinSum let them enter the 13ff.; suhdri a tuppi ublakkum bi-it na-ap-
outer wall precinct and give them quarters, td-ri sa kima ta-bu u nuppusu kullimsuma
and to RN give decent quarters also within lisgur show the boy who brought you my
the citadel RA 66 115:20, 23, of. u s bam a
letter any bit naptari which is in good con-
warkiSu 1.HI.A na-ap-ta-ri ina adassim uzap= dition and in good repair, and let him guard
tarunicti ibid. 117:24, of. 31; E na-ap-t&-ri
(it?) VAS 16 21:19; PN spoke to me as
laklam auaptersu I had decent quarters follows SAL E na-ap-ta-ri-iasa istu Mr.20.
opened for him ibid. 118:12; muslalaminaE na-
KAM ippalanni umma Stma ul libbi ... ana
zp-[ta-ri-im/lu] ugarbimma il-ki-ma mdruu
E suhari a galamahhi DN iterub the woman
ci8sssu ina patar siparrim ikkis he had a of my bit naptari who has been paying(?)
siesta at midday in his quarters, his son me for twenty years said, "I do not wish it"
ound out and cut his throat with a bronze and she has entered the house of the boy of
znife ARM 2 129:15; ba-ab <(> na-ap-ta-ri-Su
the chief singer of Annunitu PBS 7 101:13;
ktalu they confined him (the Elamite PN PA STI.I.ME balumma Saptija imdi ina
[elegate) to his quarters ARM 2 72:36; ina GN ina na-ap-ta-ri-Su tuppdtija ihpima
1.1I.A na-ap-tfa-ri-[u-nu x] a sarrim inas PN, the overseer of the barbers, broke my
aracu[nti] ibid. 73:16; uncert.: utz-wood tablets in Sippar, in his bit naptari,without
having heard my opinion Finkelstein, Studies
a PN tamkcrum ina E [na]-ap-<ft>-ri-im
Landsberger 234:38.
iS]dmu RA 64 27 No. 13:8.
von Soden, ArOr 17/2 371; Finkelstein, Studies
b) in OB: PAD ul nid'ma ana E na-ap-ta- Landsberger 238, JAOS 90 253 n. 46; Kraus, RA
i-ka ana de-e eredim nillikma umma 'PN-ma 70 165ff.
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naptaru napturu
naptaru see naptiru. b) in hist. and lit.: ina qilti mai arammu
Sudtu nap-tu isluhuma iddd isdta in the dead
naptariitu s.; (mng. unkn.); OB, MB; of night they sprinkled naphtha over that
cf. pataru. ramp and set it on fire Borger Esarh. 104 ii 4;
As for your sealed document concerning biru sa nap-tu pes a well of whitish naphtha
the dates, I did not have time to seal it for Bauer Asb. 2 75 K.2632 ii 24; may dry bitumen
you istu inanna UD.5.KAM itti k[a]-ni-ik na- (qiru) and bitumen (kupru) be your food
ap-ta-ru-tim PN usaknakamma uabbalak: ~indt ANSE.NITA lu masqitkunu nap-tu lu
kum within five days I will have it sealed pidsatkunu may donkey urine be your drink,
and sent to you with PN, together with a naphtha your ointment Wiseman Treaties 491;
sealed document of the n. VAS 16 192:9 (OB [...]-ru kupri nap-ti (var. [na]p-tu) lusallimu
let.); rPN DUMU.SAL PN2 ana nap-ta-ru-ti may they blacken (your flesh) (like?) bitumen
ik-la-si-ma DAM-S usezibSuma fPN, the and naphtha ibid. 587; uncert.: [...] nap-
daughter of PN,, detained her (the first wife?) ti-ku-nu likillu Lambert BWL 206 H 12 (SB
for n. and made him divorce his (first) wife fable).
UET 7 8:5 (MB leg.).
c) in omen texts: [summa Samnum] ana
naptattu see naptartu A. me ina nadija pani na-fap-til-im 4akin if,
when I throw oil onto water, it has the
naptiru (naptaru) s.; substitute, replace- appearance of naphtha CT 3 2:5 (OB oil omens);
ment; RS, SB, NA(?); cf. pat(ru. Summa mil nap-ti(var. -ta) ina mdti innamir
if high water (carrying) naphtha is seen in
[x-x] -[ki(?1 ARAD = [nap-ti(?)1-rum A the land CT 39 21:156, var. from ibid. 32:36;
VIII/2: 209.
summa KI mdti nap-ta i[hi]l if the soil of the
a) u PN ana resiti la illak u na-ap-ti-ra land exudes naphtha CT 39 10 K.3092+ :5,
la ubbal and PN (a mariannu) is not ibid. K.149+ :26, also, wr. nap-ti ibid. 13:5
required to give military assistance nor to (all SB Alu), cf. [KI lu ... lu] nap-ta l[u ... ]
supply a substitute MRS 6 80 RS 16.239:15; ihila KAR 392 r.(!) 14, see Labat Calendrier p.
[summ]a nap-ti-ri-d (var. ip-ti-ri-sd) la 230; summa nap-ta ikul if (in a dream) he
taddinakkamma ana sasama terraSi if she eats naphtha (after ESIR and kupru) Dream-
(IStar) does not give you a substitute for book 318 r. ii x+17.
herself, bring her back CT 15 47 r. 46
(Descent of Istar), var. from KAR 1 r. 35, see d) in med.: i.HUL i.KU6 istenis tuballal
iptiri mng. 2; uncert.: ina napl-ti-ri STT you mix together naphtha and fish oil
360 r. 19 (NA lit.), see Deller, Or. NS 34 476. AMT 34,6:2, also CT 23 26:10, TCL 6 34 i 5,
for comm., see lex. section; dispu himetu nap-
naptu s.; naphtha; OB, Elam, SB, NA, tU i.KU6 i.[GUD1 (for a salve) K6cher BAM
NB; wr. syll. and i.KUR(.RA), i.IJL. 166:5, cf. i.KU6 nap-ta ibid. 159 vi 36, rihit
ameliti i.KU6 i.KUR.RA ES.MES [...] CT 23
[i.kur].ra - nap-fu Hh. XXIV 64; i.KUR.RA
- nap-fu Uruanna III 539; L.HAB, f.KUR.RA - 22 iv 41 + AMT 38,6:4; i.KUR.RA i.KUg LKU
nap-fu (followed by words for bitumen) Practical 32:10; nap-tu i.KU6 ESIR.UD.A Kocher
Vocabulary Assur 141f.; i.[hull, esir.idim - Pflanzenkunde 36 v 37; i.SAH i.KU 6g nap-tu
nap-umr Nabnitu XXII 14'f. i.NUN.NA STT 281 iv 4, wr. I.KUR.RA AMT
1.HUL I/ nap-fu, i.Ku 6 i// am-ni nu-u-nu BRM 4
32:5 (comm. to TCL 6 34 i 5). 18,3:3, also BBR No. 41:17, see AAA 22
58:49, wr. i.KUR AMT 73,1 ii 8.
a) in econ.: 3 karptu NeN na-ap-ti elli
three jars .... of pure naphtha For ArOr 17/1 204:13 see naphu adj.
MDP 4 186
No. 10:5, 8, 11, 14 (= MDP 22 150); (silver)
ananap-tu VAS 6 228:3, Evetts Ner. 41:2 (NB). napturu see naptaru.
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na'pu napu B
na'pu adj.; dry, dried; SB*; cf. na'cpu. SIM Kocher BAM 158 iv 24; 6 sammi anniti
buqli na-'-pi mest ul uhharsu once the teten siM you grind and sift these six herbs
ibid. iv 30, and passim; GAZ SIM itti isqiiqi
green malt is dry, will not the drying mat come
too late? Lambert BWL 246 v 23 (bil. proverbs, tuballal ina Sikari talds (materia medica) you
Sum. destroyed). crush, sift, mix with isqqu flour (and) knead
in beer Kocher BAM 3 iii 36, cf. AMT
Landsberger, MSL 1 111.
69,12:5, Kiichler Beitr. pl. 14 i 7; summa amilu
napu adj.; sifted; SB; wr. syll. and sIM; kaSip v anuntu ubbal ihaasal i-nap-pi if a
cf. napt v. man is bewitched, he dries, crushes, and sifts
[zid.sim.ma] = na-pu-u Hh. XXIII v 3. anunltu plant AMT 85,3:3, cf. ibid. 2, wr. UD.A
GAZ SIM AMT 96,1:15, and passim; tatdrma
ziD NU SIM qilip samaskilli ina NE tuqat:
tubbal tahaiSalsri again you dry, crush, (and)
tarsu you fumigate him with unsifted flour
sift it Kiichler Beitr. pl. 12 iv 23, cf. [ina]
(and) onion peel on charcoal 4R 58 i 32 (La-
GIS.GAZ GAZ sIM you crush with a pestle and
mastu II), also 4R 56 i 23; sahle qaldte la na-
sift AMT 10,2:5.
pa-te bina tahassal itti qem kunadi tuballal
ina sikari tusabsal you crush roasted, un- In TCL 17 2:16 read probably ana aGUR-e-
sifted cress (and) tamarisk, you mix it with em, see karu A.
emmer flour, you cook it in beer Kocher BAM Landsberger, OLZ 1922 340.
138 ii 12, dupl., wr. la na-pa-a-ti AMT 82,2:9.
napu see nepii.
napu v.; to sift; OB, MB, SB, NB;
I ippi - inappi, II; wr. syll. and sIM; napf (ndbu) s.; caterpillar; lex.*
cf. napu adj., nappitu, nappd. [... ]= na-pu-u Hh. XIV 381c.
[lu]-uh LUH = na-pu-u-um Proto-Aa 234:2, in nap-pi-lu : na-pu-u(var. -t) qar-ri-Su Sd ep-ri
MSL 14 98; [si-im] [NAM] = da-[ha-lu], si-[nun-tu], Uruanna III 261, in MSL 8/2 64; t bukanu : AA
n[a-pu-t] Ea II 299b-d; zfDzi.LUH, si-imSIM = GIS.MI (= luhummu) na-bi-e Uruanna III 114.
na-pu-t Nabnitu S 93f.; si-imsIM = Ad-ha-lum,
SIMMIN-MINSIM = na-pu-u, 9u.MINSIM = ku-.u-u See also nappillu.
Antagal III 225ff.
a-nap-pa = x-[x]-fdul-[x] Malku IV 195; sIM I napu A v.; to make a payment in addition
na-pu- JNES 33 336:15 (med. comm.). (to rent); NB; I inap, pl. inuppu; cf. niptu.
a) in gen.: kabesunu ihassaluma i-nap- nig.tur.ra.sum.mu = na-a-pu Nabnitu J 92.
pu-ma ana libbi ahgmes usammahuma i-te-'e- MN u MN 2 nu-up-tum i-na-pu he will pay
nu-ma ipp$ ikkalu they crush the pods (of the additional payments in Du'uzu and
the sungirtu plant), they sift it (the crushed Kislimu VAS 5 77:10, Moore Michigan Coll.
material), mix it together, grind it, bake it, 13:12, 16, 14:11, also, wr. i-na-a-pu TCL 13
and eat it ABL 1000:10 (NB), see Oppenheim, 187:8, Camb. 182:7, VAS 5 64:8, 82:9, Dar. 25:8,
Or. NS 11 127ff.; summa qema i-nab-bi if he 256:10, i-na-a-pi VAS 5 61:8, <i>-na-pi
sifts flour (preceded by summa qema iten Dar. 485:10, i-na-pu-' Camb. 117:9, plural
if he grinds flour) Dream-book 335 i x+ 15. i-nu-up-pu-' Dar. 163:14; 2 GIN kaspa ina
birisunu niiptu i-nu-up-pu-4 they will pay
b) in med.: hil baluhhi tahassal ta-nap-pi
an additional payment of two shekels of
you crush and sift baluhhu resin Kocher
silver jointly Oberhuber Florenz 160:12 (Ner.).
BAM 394:28, 32 (MB), also YOS 11 4:24 (OB),
cited Goetze, JCS 11 82, Kocher BAM 122 napu B v.; (mng. uncert.); SB*; only II/2
r. 6, cf., wr. ta-stk ta-nap-p KUB 37 2 r. 14, attested.
23 ii 5 (coll.); (specific quantities of materia
medica) GAZ SIM you crush (and) sift RA 54 DIS birqu ibriqma ami ut-ta-a-pu if there
172 AO 17624:8, cf. idteni tahadsal ta-nap-pi is lightning and the sky .... ACh Adad 20:20.
AMT 92,4 r. i 6 + 92,9 r. i 7, also isteni GAZ See also na'pu.

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napultu *naqimu
napultu (or nabultu) adj. fem.; (mng. Bab. 4 pl. 3 i 7, see Lackenbacher, RA 65 131, cf.
uncert.); SB; cf. nuppultu. [ki.sikil munus.t]a.am [nita] gig nu.gi4.a :
MIN a klma sinniti zikaru la i-ki-pu-9i ibid. pl. 4
na-pu-ul-tum - mi-it-ti KI.MIN nu-upe-a' ed-[u] r. i 13'.
(i.e., nu-ub-[bu-ul-tum]), nu-(pu>-ul-tum - mi-it-tum
Id-ha-u-- na-qd-bu (var. rehi) Malku III 41.
CT 41 27 r. llf. (Alu Comm.).
summa awilum amat awilim it-ta-qa-ab
gumma EME.AID na-pu-ul-t[um ... ]- i if a
dead lizard [...] CT 38 39:28, but cf. umma if a man deflowers another man's slave girl
EME.DIR na-GIL-tu (see naglu) ina bit ameli Goetze LE § 31 B ii 11; summa ... balum sal
ittabbi (preceded by EME.SID mittu) KAR 382 abiSa u ummia imu'Sima it-ta-qa-ab-Si if
r. 55. (a man), without asking (the consent of) her
father or her mother, deflowers her by force
Since the adj. qualifies surdritu, it may ibid. § 26 A ii 30; ina ganinim Sa PN PN,
represent the fer. of *nab/pluwith I as third i-ta-q-ab-i-na-at PN, has raped them in the
radical or the fer. of *nab/p u or *nab/psu, storehouse of PN TCL 1 10:12 (early OB).
with 9 or a sibilant as third radical; and the
same ambiguity obtains in the case of In Bab. 4 pl. 3 i 7 and pl. 4 r. i 13', naqabu
nuppultu, q.v. If the adj. is napsu, the seems to have been confused with nakapu,
meaning "crushed" would seem to fit the as the spelling with p and the stem-vowel i,
context. respectively, indicate.
For discussion with Sum. refs. see Landsberger,
napultu see napitu. David AV 43ff.; Finkelstein, JAOS 86 356ff.
napurratu see naparrurtu. naqdu see nakddu.
napuftu see napistu. naqallu see nagallu.
napzaram adv.; clandestinely; Mari; cf. naqalpl see neqelp2.

pazdru.
*naqamu v.; to avenge, to save, succor;
harrdn kasim na-ap-za-ra-am aAdum biltim EA; WSem. word.
la nillak we cannot take the road through
the steppe clandestinely on account of the a) with personal suffix: ji-qi-im-ni-mi AN-
load ARM 2 78:31; mr iprim ... annis lim Sa sarri belija assum epes nukurti ina
la illakam[m]a ana GN ... litiqma musi LIT.ME§ GN ardut arribelija (I answered them)
tamma na-ap-za-ra-am ana GN 2 lillikma the may the god of the king, my lord, do some-
messenger must not come this way, he thing to avenge me with regard to the acts of
should go via GN and he should travel by war committed against the people of the
night and in secret to GN, No. 72-2:36, cited land Gina, who are vassals of the king, my
Birot, Syria 50 4 n. 4. lord EA 250:20, also ibid. 48; the king, my
lord, has forgotten me (but) let the king, my
naqabtu see nagabtu. lord, send troops ji-iq-qi-<mi>-niSarri belija
the king, my lord, should do something to
naqabu (naqdpu) v.; to deflower, to rape; avenge me EA 283:26, also ibid. 16; let the
OB, SB; I iqqub - *inaqqab, perfect ittaqab. king send troops in large numbers u
ji-qi-
gig u - niakum, na-qd-bu-um MSL 2 144 ii 13f. im-ni // ja-si-ni and have me avenged, gloss:
(Proto-Ea); bu-ru u - na-qa-bu A 1/4:101; have me saved EA 282:13.
si.ga - MIN (- na-ka-pu) Ad ku-riY-tim Nabnitu I
94. b) other occs.: u ji-qi-im arrubilimdtadu
a bi.in.gi : iq-q[ub]-Au(for -i), a (nu) li.bl. itu qdt Hapir may the king, my lord, save
in.gi : ul MIN Ai. VII ii 47f.
ki.sikil munus.Am [gig] nu.gi.[a] : MIN
his land from the hands of the Habiru
(- ardatu) Aa kma sinnidti la naq-pa-tu young EA 271: 13, also 274:10; li-iq-qi-im-mi darru
woman who was not deflowered like (other) women aladu lame jisbatdi PN may the king save his
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oi.uchicago.edu
naqapu naqaru
city so that PN cannot take it away EA im.ma.ma.[ball : kibra i-na-a-qar (see kibru lex.
244:26. section) BA 10/1 91 No. 13 r. 8f., cf. KI.A in .DU,.DU.
[...] : kibra i-na-aq-[qa]-ru ibid. 90:9f., of. also
The refs. cited here may represent the igi.ni ((na.ni> in.bal : ina paniu iq-qur he
WSem. verb nqm "to avenge"; or they may engraved(?) on his (the slave's) face ("he is a
runaway, seize him!") Ai. II iv 14, cf. [...] bal :
be forms of ekeImu (peculiar to Amarna letters
i-nak-kdr Lambert BWL 260 VAT 10810:4 (bil.
from Palestine) influenced by that WSem. proverb); in.kal i in.du : iq-qur i-pu-u (see
word. epeAu v. lex. section) Ai. IV iv 32, cf. ie.em.ta.
ag.lu.6 he.em.du : li-iq-qu-.ur u I pu Labat
naq pu see nakgpu A v. and naqdbu. Suse 1 ii 9f.
sig.se gul.la.mu nim.se sir.ra.[mu] :
AapliA it-tan-qar eliS ittan[8ah] (my city) has been
naqaru v.; 1. to tear down, to demolish,
demolished and torn up everywhere SBH p. 80:15f.
to wreck, 2. to raze, to tear down (as prep- [qull-l-lu-l, Ad-x-[x-x] - na-qa-r[u] Malku VIII
aration for rebuilding), 3. to hew out, to 81f.; ina-oGL-ma // i-na-qar-ma // GUL / na-qa-ri //
carve, cut (stone), to erode, eat away, to GUL // a-ba-tum TCL 6 17:17f. (astrol. comm.);
BAL II na-qa-rum f BAL // pur-r-ru RA 17 153
scrape out, to incise, scarify, to destroy a
r. ii 21 (astrol. comm.).
person, 4. nuqquru to engrave, to turn up
the ground, to tear down, 5. Juqquru to 1. to tear down, to demolish, to wreck -
cause to wreck, 6. IV to be destroyed; from a) cities, fortresses, fortifications - 1' in
OA, OB on; I iqqur - inaqqar, 1/2, II, III, gen.: MU GN i-qu-ru-u the year he destroyed
IV, IV/2; cf. maqqaru, ndqiru, niqru, nuqdru. ulgi-Nanna TIM 3 125:21, see Reschid Archiv
da-ag DAG - na-qd-ru-um MSL 2 138 f 5 (Proto- des Niursamas No. 125, cf. MU PN dur GN
Ea); [da-ag] [DAG] - na-qa-ru Ea IV 16; dag - i-q4-ru-u Studia Mariana 52 No. 3, also, wr.
na-qa-a-ru = (Hitt.) ku-ru-ri-i[a-(u)-wa-ar] Izi iq-q'z-ru ibid. 55 No. 5 (all OB year names);
Bogh. A 297; e DU 6 .DU = na-qd-[rum] Proto-Diri dirdnidunuiq-qi-ur-ma ana tili u
<ka>-ar-mi
223, of. [e] [Dn 6].Du = na-qa-ru ha t Diri I 212;
e-tu-nu A.DU (for DU 6.DU) = na-qa-ru Diri RS I B iskununiti (Jahdunlim) destroyed their
19; a.dug4 .ga = [D]Ue.Du - ma-ha-su, na-qa-ru fortresses and turned them into heaps of
Emesal Voc. III 64f. ruins Syria 32 8 iii 25 (Jahdunlim), cf. Slam
[gi-i] [oi] = na-qa-rum A III/1: 165; [zi-il] [NUN] GN ... iq-qi-ur-Au-ma ibid. 30, Ilakabkabu
= [na]-qa-rum A V/3:10; [kur] [LAGAB] = na-
dirsu iq-qi-ur ARM 1 3:16; aldne a i-qi-ru
qa-ru A I/2:16; mu-u = na-qa-rum A III/4:26;
[gu-ub] [Ru]- [n]a-qd-rum A VI/4:139a; ta-ar uAezib I saved the cities which (otherwise)
KUD = na-qd-rum A 11/5:135; tu-uk IM.KAD he would have destroyed ARMT 13 144:34;
= na-qa-[ru] Diri IV 143; ki-id IM.KAD = MIN ( u-qi-ur birtadu [...] u warib Slim uzi[b] ...
gu = na-qa-ru 9d
naa-a-[ru]) ibid. 148.
NA 4.HAR, ru.gi MIN Ad NA4
alam sati 4-qu-ur qulu destroy its citadel but
save the city dwellers, destroy this city and
Antagal III 199f.; Su-unBAD
MIN 4d URU, bil.la (var. [gu]l.la) - MIN id
= MIN a narkabti, dag.ga = IN Sa elippi, r u. g
t,
Ina-qa-ru, a.gi4 .a
bal burn (it) ARM 1 39 r. 4' and 7'; dlam Halab
iq-qur KBo 1 6:18 (treaty); aAsu eter napitis
- MIN a abni, ki.u.dug 4 .ga - mIN a qaqqari gun ibalunima ana la na-qar dirdnigunu
Antagal A 44ff.
[... ] StD - it-ku-lum, it-qu-ru CT 12 30 BM
unaAAiqu edpeja they prayed to me to spare
38179:9f. (text similar to Idu). their lives, they kissed my feet to prevent
ti.ti gii.mA.sumun.ginx(GIM) in.dag.dag. me from, demolishing their walls TCL 3 72
[... ] : feldni kima elippi labzrti i-na-qar he (the (Sar.); arrum dirdnigu i-na-qd-ar the king
demon) staves in the ribs (of the patient) as if (they will tear down his own fortresses YOS 10
were those of) an old ship CT 17 25:32f.; ki.bal
nu.9e.ga ki.bal i.gul.x [...] : mat nukurtiala 50:4 (behavior of sacrificial lamb); eal diirijana:
magiri taq-qur you have destroyed a hostile unsub- krum i-na-aq-qd-ar the enemy will destroy
missive land BA 5 633 No. 6:24f.; [bur.gul].e my fortified city ibid. 36 iv 24, cf. dir nakrika
bur gul.la.mu : Aa purkullu pitra iq-qd-ru (in ta-na-aq-qd-ar ibid. 22 (OB ext.); dia teppubma
the temple) where the stonecutter used to hollow
out (stone) bowls (for context and Sum. parallel diiru tulaklal Apiiseu urradunimma na-qi-
see zadimmu lex. section) SBH p. 60:11f., cf. ru-Ag illi you will build a fortified city and
(Sum. only) PBS 10/2 15 i 8 (OB); peix(KI.A) finish its wall, (but) those who have built it
329
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naqaru naqaru
will have to come down, and those who will (OB let.); ina imu sa PN aga' sebu amartu
destroy it will go up BRM 4 12:40; al pati sudtu i-naq-qar whenever said PN wishes,
nakri talammima ta-na-qar you will besiege he may tear down those dividing walls
the enemy's frontier city and demolish it VAS 15 35:10, cf. ibid. 14 (NB); i-qur bita bini
TCL 6 4:12, also ibid. 28, cf. KAR 428 r. 15 elippa demolish the house and build a boat
(all SB ext.); they sent tools and men ana Gilg. XI 24, note the parallel i-bu-ut bita
na-qar GN in order to tear down Babylon Lambert-Millard Atra-hasis 88:22 (OB); summa
OIP 2 138:44 (Senn.); allakamma dlanika a- amelu bita ina na-qd-ri-sc if a man while he
na-qar I will come and destroy your cities demolishes a house CT 38 9:47 (SB Alu);
Streck Asb. 142 viii 56; saltu ana libbi dli nakru dannu kakkisu ana mdti inassdparakki
ipu[sma ... ] it-ta-qar he fought against the ildni rabdti ina-qar a mighty enemy will take
city and tore down [... ] Grayson Chronicles up arms against the land and demolish the
No. 3:27. shrines of the great gods LBAT 1526:12, also
Thompson Rep. 157:5; abul dlija nakru ina-qar
2' beside synonyms: dldni sudtunu a ...
the enemy will dismantle my city gate
appulu aq-qu-ru these cities which I had
ACh Sin 4:17, also Thompson Rep. 156:3, 157B :5,
destroyed and demolished Borger Esarh. 106
and, wr. i-naq-qar ibid. 164:4, i-na-qar
iv 3; ala sdtu aksud aq-qur u kuddimme elisu
ibid. 165:4, 157D:5.
azru I conquered this city, destroyed it, and
scattered salt(?) over it AOB 1 116 ii 10; c) ships, doors, manufactured objects:
dldnisunu aq-qur asrup I destroyed and if a boatman caulks a boat for somebody and
burned their cities ibid. 114 i 38 (both Shalm. does not make it seaworthy maldhum elippam
I); appul aq-qur AKA 38 ii 1, and passim in sudti i-na-qar-ma ina makkir ramanisu
hist. from Tigl. I to Asb., see napalumng. 2a-1'a', udannanma the boatman dismantles the
wr. a-pil a-qur AKA 277 i 66, Iraq 24 94:26, boat and rebuilds it more solidly at his own
33, and passim in Asn. and Shalm. III, aq-qu-[url expense CH § 235:21; 3 elippdtum annidtum
OIP 2 65:44 (Senn.), cf. sa ... appulu aq-qu-ru ... ul ni-iq-qi-ur 4 elippdtim ina GN ni-iq-
Streck Asb. 60 vii 14, 198 "ii" 28, dldnisunu qu-ur-ma ... istu GN 2 ina m nuselle'am u
attapal at-ta-qar I destroyed and devastated ni-na-aq-qd-ar these three boats we did not
their cities WO 2 226:158, 232:189 (Shalm. III), dismantle, we dismantled four boats in GN
ippul iq-qur 1R 30 ii 30 (gam§i-Adad V), and (the other boats) we will lift out of the
Winckler Sar. pl. 35:151, ippulu iq-qu-ru OIP water from GN, on and dismantle them
2 63 v 13, 76:101 (Senn.), tattapal ta-ta-qar OECT 3 70:12, 13, and 18; elippu ... sa na-
AfO 9 102:20 (Sami-Adad V); ndpilu na-qi-ru qa-ri sa PN ... ibuku elippu essu ... ittannu
sdpinu ddi[su] Bauer Asb. 2 77 K.2668:23. VAS 6 100:1 (NB leg.); daltam kalasa it-ta-aq-ru
they tore down the whole door UET 5 63:21
b) buildings, walls: sa bit agurrisuti ... sa ... nara anna ...
(OB let.); matima ...
ina iddt lemuttim i-na-aq-qd-ru-u-ma who
itabat it-ta-qar ihtepi uptarrir ZA 65 56:43
for evil reasons destroys this temple made
(Marduk-iapik-zeri kudurru).
of baked bricks (and exposes its foundations
to the sun) RA 11 92 ii 12 (Kudur-Mabuk); d) other occs.: unm bel bitim ana wassdbim
bitam sa tehi x-ti-ni qd-ra-be-x PN id'amaks tasi iqtabl mdnahtasu i-na-qd-ar (var. mdnah:
kum da 6 na-qd-ri-imik-ld-su (obscure) CCT 3 tam i-na-ka-a[r]) jm waSdibum libbasu (var.
25:41 (OA let.); a plot of land da ina biti n[a-q]d- ina l[ibbi]u) ittasd ina mdnahtisu itelli (var.
ri irihu which remained after the demolition mdnahtam ul i-na-ka-ar) (see mdnahtu
of a house YOS 13 323:1; inima libbidu i-na- mng. 2b-2') BE 6/1 35 case 22, vars. from
aq-qd-ar he may destroy (it) whenever he tablet 21 and 24; uptessisma it-ta-qar itabat
pleases TLB 1 202:8 (both OB leg.); PN PN, uhtalliq (whoever) effaces, destroys, de-
ana ikartim na-qd-ri-im igriZuma PN has molishes, or removes (this stela) MDP 2 pl.
hired PN, to tear down a wall JCS 11 107:8 22 (p. 108) v 55, cf. sa ... nara annd ina
330
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naqaru naqaru
abni i-naq-qa-ru (whoever) smashes this essa ippusu (that means) that he removes the
stela with a stone BBSt. No. 6 r. 35, of. old one and builds a new one BRM 4 24:16,
BBSt. No. 5 iii 17, cited mng. 5 (all kudurrus); see Labat Calendrier p. 64 n. 1; DID iq-qur
gisimmariul i-naq-qar he will not destroy the Dv-uS (title of the series) Craig AAT 57 r.
palm trees VA8 5 26:18 (NB leg.). ii 6, K.2049 r. 41, see Labat Calendrier p. 196,
cf. two (tablets of the series) iq-qur DU
2. to raze, to tear down (as preparation for ADD 1053 ii 5 (list of tablets); for other refs.
rebuilding) - a) in gen.: ekal RN ... sa
see epeSu v. mng. 2b-3'b'.
isrdt dl [Assur] u-na-ak-ki-ru-ma ekallam
sudti epusu a-qir-ma ... duram epus I razed c) followed by other verbs: igdram sa eli
the palace of SamSi-Adad, who had changed igdrika usarkabu incma teppeu -qu-ur sur:
the location of the shrines of the city of [kib] when you rebuild (the house), tear
Assur and built that palace there, and I down and (re)erect the wall which I will
built a wall WVDOG 46 pl. 1 iii 1 (Puzur- erect on top of your wall TCL 1 184:17 (OB
Sin), see Landsberger, JCS 8 32; in order to leg.); matima ni i dibit dli Adsu sa bissu
enlarge [the wall?] and to strengthen the labirui-naq(var. -na-aq)-qa-ru-maesu ibannu
tarpassu (of the hiburni house) [bi]t hiburni in the future any inhabitant of this city who
Satunu aq-q[ur] napharsunu unekkir I tore demolishes his old house and builds a new one
down the house of those hiburni and removed (encroaching upon the royal road, they will
all of them AOB 1 136 r. 3 (Shalm. I); [bit]u impale in front of his own house) OIP 2 153:25
sudtu aq-qur dannassu aksud uislsu ina pili (Senn.); enema igdr bit iii iqdp ana na-
.... armi I tore down that temple, reached qd-rim-ma uSusi sa biti Sudtu asridu bdra
the bottom of its foundation pit, (and) laid uaSarma when the wall of a temple buckles,
its foundation in limestone Borger Esarh. to demolish and renovate it, the diviner .... -s
87:19; ekalla sihra satu ana sihirtisaaq(var. the site of that temple RAcc. 44:1, also, wr.
a)-qur-ma I razed that small palace com- na-qa-rim-ma ibid. 40:1, 42:22.
pletely (and built a larger one) OIP 2 99:48,
and passim in Senn., also Borger Esarh. 60 v 50, 3. to hew out, to carve, cut (stone), to
cf. Streck Asb. 86 x 75; igarisunu aq-qur(var. erode, eat away, to scrape out, to incise,
-qu-ur) ussisunu epti I demolished their walls scarify, to destroy a person - a) to hew out,
and opened their foundations CT 34 35 iii 52, to carve, cut (stone): arht paqute lade
VAB 4 248 iii 31 (both Nbn.); uncert.: h6. marsuti ... ina akkullat ere aq-qur I hewed
gul.gul hi.il.il (let a man) demolish(?) my way with bronze axes through difficult
and transport MKT 3 pl. 3 YBC 4669 vi 8, also routes and inaccessible mountains 3R 8 ii 42,
ibid. 11, gul.gul ibid. 15, see TMB 210 No. of. 3R 7 i 19 (Shalm. III), AKA 230 r. 12, 322
613. ii 77, and 331 ii 96 (Asn.), all cited akkullu
usage b-4'; see also SBH p. 60:11 f., in lex.
b) followed by epesu: igdrtam Sa durim section.
iStu pan miriqtisu aq-qi-ur-ma ... mi-ri-iq-
<(ri>-tamsdti epus udannin I tore down the b) to erode, eat away: irritum qablitum
wall of the fortress starting with its damaged sapldnum titurrim usukkasa saplem mil iq-q -
area and reinforced that damaged area ru-ma qand u nikkas imtaqut as for the middle
ARM 2 88: 19; bitu abtu sa na-qa-ru u epesu dam below the bridge, the water eroded its
a ruined house to be rebuilt Weissbach Misc. lower wall and it collapsed for a distance of
pl. 15 No. 2:1, cf. tuppi <biti> abta sa na-qa- one and a half reeds ARM 6 1:20; for kibru
<ru> u e-pe(?)-i(?) TCL 13 205:1 (both NB with naqdru see BA 10/1, in lex. section.
leg.); summa ina MN bita iq-qur epis biti if
he demolishes his house in MN (it presages) c) to scrape out: ru(or u)-a-am a supris
rebuilding of the house Labat Calendrier § 7:11, su adi 7 sibisu iq-qu-dr (Ea) scraped out the
with comm. sa labiraKUiR-ma (= unakkaruma) dirt from (under) his fingernails seven times
331
oi.uchicago.edu
naqaru naqa'u
(took it into his hands, shaped it, and created 6. IV to be destroyed: MUv.Ps.sA GN in-
Saltu) VAS 10 214 r. v 25 (OB Agugaja). na-aq-ru(var. -rum) IM 63139, cited Reschid
Archiv des Nursama p. 5, var. from R. Harris,
d) to incise, scarify: salmlka ina ahija
JCS 9 47 No. 24 (OB year name); dl Sarriillawwi
lu-uq-q-ur I will incise your likeness on my
issabbatmain-na-qd-ar the king's city will be
arms TLB 4 22:9, cf. [s]alamki ina ahini i
besieged, conquered, and demolished YOS
ni-iq-qi-ur LIH 48:21; summa appa a
10 9:6 (OB ext.), of. CT 20 47 iii 49 (SB); dl
aSSitiSu inakkis a'ila ana da-ren utdr u
wabdti in-na-aq-qd-ar YOS 10 36 iii 15; dl
panisu gabba i-na-qu-ru if he cuts off his
nakrim in-na-[aq]-q4-ar ibid. 17; dldnuka in-
wife's nose, he may make the man (who
na-aq-qd-ru tilldni innaddi ibid. 25:46 (all OB
seduced her) a eunuch, and they will scarify(?)
ext.); .arru imdtma dllu in-na-aq-qd-ar
his (the man's) entire face KAV 1 ii 55 (Ass.
KUB 4 67 ii 5 (Izbu); haldq dirdni in-na-qd-ru
Code § 15), also KAV 5:14 (Ass. Code F); see
decay of the walls, they will be demolished
also Ai. II iv 14, in lex. section.
ACh Sin 34:54, cf. diru ina-qar ibid. 33:76, of.
e) to destroy a person: DN li-iq-qur [sa CT 39 11:44 (SB Alu), diu in-na-qar TCL 6
minu]mme istu awdte [annd]ti inakkir let DN 1:46 (SB ext.); bitu i in-na-qar CT 38 10:10,
ruin anybody who contests this decree 11:47f., 12:73, Boissier DA 4:16, 19, also, wr.
MRS 6 108 RS 16.238:18. ina-qar ibid. 22, KAR 376:27f., 30, 33, ul ina-
qar ibid. 46; sapd~ biti KI.MIN in-na-qar
4. nuqquru to engrave, to turn up the
KAR 377:8; bitus innaddi niziqtu sadrassu
ground, to tear down: ait Aa 1 gidtuppu
in-na-qar this house will be abandoned,
KI.GI AA 1 ALAM uq-qur a necklace with a
worries will be constant in it, it will be
gold plaque on which one figure is engraved
demolished CT 38 10:1, cf. bitu udtu SUB-di
RA 43 194:116, 195:127, 202:116, cf. SA pani
Huwawa uq-qur ibid. 186:190 (Qatna inv.);
//ina-qar Boissier DA 5:34; bitu 4
ma ilappin ibid. 4:17, 21, KAR 376:32;
in-na-qar-
note
summa dribi ana pan ameli qaqqara z-na-qa-
bel biti Sudtu ina-kir (var. ina-qar) CT 38
ru if ravens turn up the ground in front of
11:29 (all SB Alu); ildni in-na-qa-ru the
a man CT 39 25 K.2898:11 (SB Alu); note in
images of the gods will be wrecked ACh Supp.
the same mng. as mng. la: Sarru halsisu 20:4, 11, 16, dupl. LBAT 1569 r. 6, cf. in-na-
u-na-qdr-ma uSeddi the king will tear down
qa-ru (in broken context) Thompson Rep.
his fortresses and abandon them Labat Suse 3 269 r. 7; a,§u taddininniana dli 9a diuru fin-
r. 5; obscure: embib hafisu 4-na-qar-s4 AMT
naq-ru(?)1 because you put me into a town
2,7:8.
with a demolished city wall Cagni Erra IV 92,
5. suqquru to cause to wreck: da ... see also SBH p. 80:15f., in lex. section.
sakla sakka la mudd 4-Sa-aq-qa-ruu-na-ak-ka-
ru uhallaqu id4ta uSakkalu (whoever) has a Ad. mng. 3: Compare na 4 .u.[gul].gul
fool, a deaf person, (or) a stupid person = mu-qu-rum, na 4 .su.u. [gu]l.gul = mu-
wreck (the boundary stone), changes its qu-ri-rum Hh. XVI RS Recension 214f., which,
location, destroys, (or) burns it BBSt. No. 3 v according to the entry gul = na-qa-ru di
NA 4 .HAR Antagal III 199, cited in lex. section,
42; nard Sudtu ... lu ajamma mar mammana
lu mar bel eqli ~sutu 4-a-aq-qa-rui-na-aq-qa- seem to be derived from naqdru. See Stol
ru ana me ana iSdti uadd (he who) incites On Trees p. 90.
any unrelated person or descendant of that For TCL 18 126:20 see kaaru A mng. la; for
field's owner to wreck this stela or himself Bab. 2 155f.:34ff. (4R 28* No. 4) see nakru lex.
wrecks it, or has it thrown into water or fire section.
BBSt. No. 5 iii 16; dahluqti GN .u-uq-qur
dirdniduibai destruction of Ur, there will naqaru see nuqdru.
be an order to demolish its walls ACh Sin
33:82. naqi'u see naq4 v.
332
oi.uchicago.edu
naqbaru naqidu
naqbaru s.; tomb, burial place; SB, NA; [na.gada] - [n]a-[qi]-du, [gAb.bar] - [n]a-
[qi]-du (followed by re'4 and utullu) Lu III i 18f.,
cf. qeberu.
6.kur.BAD = er- e-tu, Pmu-ti, na-aq-ba-ru
CT 18 30 iii 28ff. and dupl. RA 16 167:42ff.
cf. na.gada Proto-Lu 477;
PA.DAG+ KISIMgX KAK
V 42f.;
[na]-gada, [ka]-pAr
NA.GADA, ka-pdr-rum Diri
[ldu.na.gada - na-qi-du Antagal C 233;
(group voc.); [...] = [na-aq]-ba-ru (preceded by gu 4 .ud.na.gada - vu-u (= gudnagadd), na-qi-du
[qe-b]i-ru) Erimhu§ a 23. lead ox Izi G 254f.
na.gada sag.gi,.[ga ... ] : na-qi-id2alm{[t
Ja ultu naq-bi-ri bit sallu idekkiu whoever qaqqadi] herdsman of mankind Labat Suse 2 iii 15f.
removes him from the tomb, the place where
he rests ADD 646 r. 27, 647:57 (Asb.); ina a) in OB - 1' organization: Jumma
karSi kalbi dah lu (text ku) naq-bar-<x -ku- awilum NA.GADA ana alpi u sgni re'im igur
nu your burial place shall be in the bellies if a man hires a herdsman to herd cattle or
of dogs and pigs Wiseman Treaties 484.
sheep and goats (he pays him eight gur of
barley per year) CH § 261:22; 127 sheep
For CT 19 20b 16 (Antagal D) see nagbu. belonging to PN NA.GADA PN 4 GIN K$.
BABBAR [idiu] 4 (GUR) 1 (PI) GUR SE SE.BA
naqbitu s.; 1. speech, utterance, words,
ina[ddin] PN is the herdsman, he will give
2. blessing recited during performance of a him four shekels of silver as his wages and
ritual activity, 3. recitation; OB, SB, NA; four gur one PI of barley as barley ration
pl. naq(a)bidte, naq(a)bte; cf. qabi v. Grant Bus. Doc. 71:11, cf. ibid. 61:10; na.
1. speech, utterance, words: na-aq-bi-a-
tum annidtum ... ana pani liqqabi<a>ma
let these utterances be spoken straightfor-
gir PN U.TOL
gada PN the herdsman is PN (followed by
similar ibid.
line 31) YOS 5 9:9, 18, 23, and
10:4, 9, 18, 11:5 and 11, VAS 9
wardly Bagh. Mitt. 2 59 iv 31 (OB let.); [na]- 107:2, cf. also (followed by u t.TtOL A.RA.2.
aq-bi-a-at pika likallima Zndka let your eyes KAM) UET 5 807:5, 13, 17, 22, 27; X sheep NA.
show what your mouth is about to speak GADA PN (summarized as MU.DUI SIPA.E.NE
Gilg. Y. vi 258 (OB). GiR PN, 2 .TUL iv 30f.) YOS 5 15 i 10, 16, and
passim in this text, also (referring to the herd
2. blessing recited during performance of of the princess Iltani) TCL 1 177:3, 6, 9, 13,
a ritual activity: LU.GiR.LA naq-bi-tum iqabbi 17, see ZA 58 165; x KUv.HI.A U UZU pagru
the butcher says a blessing RAcc. 78 r. 9, 77:47, namharti PN SU.SI.IG GN NA.GADA PN, SIPA
also, wr. naq-bit CT 51 95 r. 4, 6f., RAcc. x hides and carcasses received by PN, the
77:45, 119:32, 120 r. 2, 17, 24; istu naq-bit iqbi susikku of Sippar, herdsman: PN2 , the
after he has recited the blessing ibid. 140:334, shepherd CT 833c:15; PNPN2 u PN3 SIPA
130:36, 143:403; naq-bit GAR-an ibid. 146:458.
ulammiduninni ... KA.BAR.ME§
[...] kam
3. recitation: namburbe ma'dite bit rimki &aqctini ana ride ilqdn[imma] ... tuppi KA.
bit Sald me .. . na-qa-ba-a-te a tupsarrutu BAR.ME sa ina [...] innamirma PN4 DUMU
ussallimu etapu they performed completely PN DAH PN, SES.NI PN ... PN ... [3] NA.
many namburbi-rituals, the (rituals of) GADA PN PN, PN2 , and PN,, the shepherds,
"House of Ablution" and "House of Sprin- informed me as follows, "They have taken
kling Water," and the recitations known to the shepherd boys who are under our
the scholars ABL 437:20, see Parpola LAS No. authority as redd soldiers," the tablet listing
280; ina pan gamad na-qa-bi-ia-te sa tupgars the shepherd boys, which is in [...], has
rite ussaqabiu I had him say before 8ama§ been found (and says), "PN4 , son of PNs, PN6 ,
the recitations known to the scholars ABL his brother, as his substitute, PN7 , (and)
629:11, see Parpola LAS No. 279. PN, - three (persons), (their) herdsman is
PN" TCL 1 1:18, cf. ibid. 30 and 33 (let. of Ham-
naqidu s.; herdsman; from OAkk., OB on; murapi).
pl. naqid, niddtu; wr. syll. and (L.)NA. 2' functions: 2 AB.MAHx(AL) NA.GADA PN
GADA; cf. naqidu in rab ndqidi, ndqiditu. PBS 8/1 67:2, of. ibid. 60:3, YOS 13 348:11,
333
oi.uchicago.edu
naqidu niqidu
TCL 10 99:8, JCS 2 105 No. 9:4, (goats) PBS KAJ 115:16; as personal name: mNa-qi-i-du
8/2 121:2, 4, PBS 8/1 62:4, 65:3, 71 r. 5, KAJ 6:2, 10, 13.
(sheep) YOS 5 196:12, and passim in this volume,
see Kraus Viehhaltung 7.
f) in NB Uruk - 1' organization: a
sheep belonging to PN LU.NA.GADA sa Belti
3' as personal name: Na-qi-du-um UET 5 sa Uruk ja PN2 LI.SIPA sa PN ultu qabuttu sa
265:27 and case 25. PN ibuku the herdsman of the Lady-of-Uruk
which PN,, a shepherd of PN's, has brought
b) in Mari, Chagar Bazar: 11 LU.NA.GADA from PN's fold YOS 7 7:61, cf. TCL 12 50:4,
NiG.SU PN eleven herdsmen under the YOS 6 26:1, YOS 7 41:4 and 7, wr. LU na-
authority of PN ARM5 81:8; LU.NA.GADA. qi-du TCL 13 147:3, YOS 7 35:6, 128:10; PN
ME ina qatijaul illaku ARM 2 79:25; SU.DUT.A LU.NA.GADA Ja Nabd TCL 13 132:2, 6f., 133:9;
PN LI.NA.GADA PN2 u PN 3 ilq2 PN 2 and PN 3
LU.SIPA-c4 U LU na-qi-du GCCI 1 307:13, also
have assumed guarantee for PN, the herds- BIN 1 37:28; PN sirku DN LU.NA.GADA sa sen
man ARM 8 70:1; PN ana NA.GADA sukun u AB.GUD.HI.A AnOr 8 61:5f.; ina qdt Lf.NA.
assign PN as herdsman ARM 1 62 r. 15'; GADA.ME LU.ERIN qdtisu (hides) from the
DUMU.MES na-qi-di-im ARM 10 60:5; x barley, herdsmen, the workers who are under his
the barley ration for PN (the shepherd boy) command YOS 7 138:6, cf. [LU].NA.GADA.ME
NA.GADA PN 2 (his) herdsman (being) PN2 LU.ERIN qdtija ibid. 123:6; PN LU.NA.GADA
Loretz Chagar Bazar 21:2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 14, and Ja senu sa qdt PN 2 PN, the herdsman for the
passim in this volume; for ndqidu beside sheep and goats, who is under the command
kaparru see kaparru A usage c. of PN 2 (the rab bili) YOS 7 163:1, also 65:8,
143:14, for other refs. see bilu in rab biili.
c) in MB: goat hair ina qdt NA.GADA
mahru BE 14 94:1, and (as column heading) 2' functions: PN LU na-qid d s GUD.AB.ME
ibid. 3, also (followed by hazannu) BE 14 99a:1, YOS 3 117:7; LI.NA.GADA Sa AB.GUD.HI.A
168:52, BE 15 199:1, PBS 2/2 122:1, cf. also Sa DN YOS 7 96:3, 159:1; LU.NA.GADA Sa
BE 14 148:34, 168:1, BE 15 78:2, 12; PN LU. senu sa DN ibid. 55:1, 184:6, LU.NA.GADA.ME
NA.GADA BE 14 137:12, UET 7 8:2 and 13; sa senu TCL 13 140:14; the sheep and goats
sa NA.GADA.MES mala baqna (wool) from the have arrived from there u LU.NA.GADA.MES
herdsmen, whatever is plucked BE 17 44:9 ittisuni illikiinu LU.NA.GADA sa la illaka
(let.), (in broken context) ibid. 68:8; cattle and senusu full igazza[zu] and the herdsmen came
sheep and goats sa ... RI.RI.GA NA.GADA.MES along with them, as for any herdsman who
ana mahri iii ispuru which the herdsmen does not come, his sheep will not be sheared
brought before the deity as dead animals BIN 1 56:20 and 23, cf. 793 sheep ina muhhi
BE 14 132:3, also ibid. 4; as personal name: gizzi ina qat LU.NA.GADA.ME sabtunu YOS 7
Na-qi-du kunsillu BE 15 200 iv 29. 143:24; oxen ina rehi sa LU.NA.GADA.ME sa
MU.3.KAM RN TCL 13 164:7; LU.NA.GADA sa
d) in RS: LU.NA.GADA 3 MIN (= amelu) rehi Ja DN ina muhhisu AnOr 8 56:6; orders
MRS 12 93:7 (list of professions). of Gobryas: attunu naphar LU.NA.GADA.ME
Sa rehi ina muhhisunu ittikunu tabbaku
e) in MA: naphar x KUS.MES sammuhutu bring with you all the shepherds who are in
sa qdt PN LT.NA.GADA x assorted hides (of arrears AnOr 8 43:16.
sheep and goats) in the charge of PN, the
herdsman KAJ 225:7, also, wr. NA.GADA 3' other occs.: bit PN LU.NA.GADA bit PN2
KAJ 267:6; x sheep a PN LU.NA.GADA ... LIT.NA.GADA AnOr 9 17 r. 40f., also bit PN
ina muhhi PN, SU.BA.AN.TI KAJ 97:4; LU.NA.[GADA PN 2] ina libbi asib ibid. 45; as
naphar 3 tuppdtu a PN ana PN, LU.NA.GADA geogr. name: RUnKapri Ba LU.NA.GADA.MES
ana daddu[ni] tadnaniiu a total of three YOS 7 105:15, 169:17, 175:19, 181:19, and
tablets of PN's are given to PN for collection passim; note URU Kapri sa Lo na-qi-da-a-ta
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naqidu naqmu
AnOr 8 62:5, URU ca Na-qi-da-a-te (in south- h) characterizing the ox leading the herd:
ern Babylonia) AfO 20 90:29, also OIP 2 40 iv 73 see Izi G 255, in lex. section.
(Senn.), URU Na-qi-da-a-ti(var. -te) Streck Sum. na.gada is a loanword from Akk.
Asb. 62 vii 66.
*naqad, cf.PN sipa na.gada MAD 4 76r. i 5,
g) in lit. and hist.- 1' in gen.: Enkidu wr. na.ga.da ibid. 29:21.
drove away the wolves, chased away the In ABL 976:5 read a-di nas-ah UDU.SISKUR.ME§
lions ittilu na-qi-[d]u ra-bu-tum (so that) Ja uvV [...].
the reassured(?) herdsmen could lie down Kraus Viehhaltung 16; Landsberger, MSL 2
Gilg. P. iii 33 (OB), also Gilg. II ii 3f.; sa LT. 107 n. 3; Weidner, AfO 10 18.
SIPA u na-qi-di lipattd uznd un let (the person naqidu in rab naqidi (or rab ndqiddte)
reciting Enuma eli,) instruct the shepherd s.; overseer of herdsmen; MA; wr. (Llt)
and the herdsmen En. el. VII 148; re 'du na- GAL NA.GADA; cf. ndqidu.
qi-du imassdi tabina (I will make the harvest
song cease in the fields) the shepherds and x sheep ndmurtu sa PN LU.GAL NA.GADA.
the herdsmen will forsake the shelter Cagni MES gift from PN, the overseer of the herds-
Erra IIIa 19; ibakki LY.SIPA.MES LU na-qi-di men AfO 10 31 VAT 9378:3, 34 No. 52:3, 39
the shepherds and herdsmen cry (because the No. 82:4, wr. GAL NA.GADA.MES-te KAJ 208:5
lions ate their animals) Bauer Asb. 2 87 K.2867+ (all the same person), cf. also AfO 10 30 Assur
r. 8, also ibid. 88 r. 13; kima SIPA.MES U 12578:5; note the Sumerogram in Hitt.: PN
na-qi-di napistisina paqddni their lives are GAL NA.GADA KBo 6 4 left edge 4.
entrusted to me (the dog) as to a shepherd naqidfitu s.; pastorship, position as herds-
or a herdsman Lambert BWL 192:20 (SB Fable
man; SB, NB; wr. syll. and NA.GADA with
of the Fox); ina isrubat seri rel'd imahharka
phon. complement; of. naqidu.
[k]aparri ina tese na-qi-du ina LU.KUR (see
kaparru A usage d) ibid. 134:137 (hymn to ana re'itijahatta iddina ana NA.GADA-ti-ia
Samas); aruq na-qid-sa pale is its (the she- sipirra ussiba he (Assur) gave me the scepter
goat's) herdsman (for full context see ardqu to exercise the shepherdship, he added the
mng. Ib) Kuchler Beitr. pl. 17 K.61+3273 ii staff for me to act as pastor (over the people)
48 (SB inc.); in broken context: NA.GADA Weidner Tn. 1 No. 1 i 24; PN sa anaLIU na-qid-
Lambert BWL 204a:12, wr. na-qi-dam-ma du-tu [...] (in a case concerning theft? of
ibid. 16 (SB Fable of the Fox). sheep) YOS 7 128:26 (NB).
niqiru s.; wrecker; SB*; cf. naqdru.

2' as epithet of kings: na-qid salmat
qaqqadi KAH 2 143:5 (= KAR 260) and dupl. I made my troops scale the enemy's walls
AfO 17 369 Rm. 293:5, also Borger Esarh. 80:34. itti pasqi u a-si-te na-qi-ri u4-di-as-b[it] and
made wrecking experts take up positions at(?)
3' as epithet of gods: Hendursagga na-qid the battlements and tower (I tore out the
salmdt qaqqadi Cagni Erra I 3; you (Sama§) beams from the roofing of the palaces) TCL
shepherd all living beings attama na-qid-si- 3 258 (Sar.), from AfO 12 pl. 11 VAT 8698b.
na you are their herdsman Lambert BWL
126:26, cf. re 'd aplati na-qi-du eldti ibid. naqmitu see naqmii in bit nagmi.
128:33 (hymn to Samag); Sumuqan na-qi-du ellu
naqmu (fem. naqimtu) adj.; (describing a
KAR 19:2; in personal names: dEN.zu-na-
disease or bodily defect); SB.
gi 4-id UET 3 1048:10 (Ur III), for another OAkk.
ref. see MAD 3 205; dUTU-NA.GADA Studies 16.gi.gi.sag.k6e - na-aq-m[u) OB Lu A 27,
B i 30, D 149; li.giS.gi.KA.ke6 - na-aq.mu Nab-
Landsberger 47 C:3; A -hu-NA.GADA ibid. 51 nitu XXII 176; SAL.l.gi.gi.sag.k8 -=na.qi -
Ni 4827:6; A-hi-NA.GADA ibid. 51 Ni 4737:3, im-tu[m] OB Lu A 28, B i 31, D 150; A.kum -
and passim in these texts (all OB school lists of na-qi-im-tum Nabnitu XXII 179.
Inames). na-aq-ma i-ni - su-uh-hu-[t]u Malku VIII 38.
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naqmii naqi
kima na-qim-tum .su8iusappira ssupurja It is uncertain whether this word is a
(obscure, see seperu mng. 2a) Lambert BWL variant of nuqaru, which is attested in lex.
54 line f (Ludlul III); ki na-aq-mi iius# luiir together with muqqu, or simply nakru
a-[...] ZA 61 52:77 (Nabi hymn); lisesi naq- "enemy"; in the latter case, an otherwise
ma u na-qim-ti sa zumrija MVAG 23/2 22:50, unknown logogram for nakru has to be
see Farber Iitar und Dumuzi 58:37. assumed.
naqf (naqg'u) v.; 1. to pour out as a

naqmfi in bit naqmi (bit naqmitu) s.;
libation (water and other liquids, also flour),
(mng. unkn.); lex.*
gA-gir-su GAx GtR.SU = E naq-mi-tum, t na-aq-
mi-i (text na-aq-LUM), E telilti A IV/4:202f., 205;
2. to shed (tears, blood), to let flow, 3. to
sacrifice, 4. itaqqi to offer sacrifices re-
peatedly, 5. nuqqi to pour out as a libation,
ga-gir-su GAx GtR.su =- rnaql-mi-i Ea IV 275;
ga-gi4 -a GAx G,4 = na-aq-mi-tum, E ga-gu-u, it to shed (blood), 6. IV to be shed, to be
teliltu A IV/4:207ff. sacrificed (passive to mngs. 1-3); from OA,
OB on; I iqqi - inaqqi, imp. iqi, I/2, 1/3,
naqmitu s.; conflagration; SB; cf. II, 11/2, IV, IV/3; wr. syll. (im-qi JAOS 88
qami A v. 193:18, 29, 34) and BAL (DE Labat TDP 36:31f.);
cf. maqqi A, maqqitu, munaqqtu, niq, niq
I burned down their cities qutur naq(var.
in sa niqi, taqqitu.
na-aq)-mu-ti-iu-nu ... pan same rapsite
uSaktim with the smoke of their conflagration si-is-kur AMARX §E = na-qu-u A VIII/1:40;
I covered the face of the wide heavens [si-is-kur] AMARX E.AMARX §E = na-qu-u Diri II 2;
AMARX SE = na-qu-u Erimhu V 216; [AMARX E].
OIP 2 40 iv 79 (Senn.). AMARX SE.dug 4 .ga = MIN (= ni-qu-u) na-qu-u
For CT 12 22a III 16 (= A IV/4:207) see Nabnitu C 83; [ba-al] [BAL] = [i-t]a-aq-qu-u =
(Hitt.) i-im-mi-ia-[an-za] Sa Voc. Y 12'; [...]
naqmi in bit naqmi. dug4 .ga = na-qu(var. -qt)-u, [a.dug 4 .ga]- na-qi
(var. na-q-) A.MEA, [i.dug4 .g]a = MIN 1.ME,
naqquru see nakkuru adj. and s. [ga.du]g 4 .ga = MIN GA.ME§ (var. na-qdu- zi-iz-be),
[kas.du]g 4 .ga - MIN KA§.ME§ (var. na-qu-u .i-ik-
naqrabu s.; 1. near future, 2. battleground; ri), [gegtin.du]g 4 .ga = MIN GE§TIN.ME (var. na-
OA, SB; cf. qerebu. qd-u ka-ra-ni) MRS 6 211f. RS 12.47:3'ff., vars.
from RS 12.227A r. i 31'ff. (courtesy J.Nougayrol).
EZEN.dug 4 .ga = nu-qu-u CT 51 168 iii 21 (Group
1. near future (OA only): ina na-aq-ri-
Voc. A).
bi4 -ma aBi'um ibaSSi there will be aSi'um zi.bi dug 4 .ga bi.in.de : napitaSu ilput iq-
metal available in the near future (for context qi-ma he cut its (the sheep's) throat and slaughtered
see aSi'u) CCT 2 48:26. it BIN 2 22:198 and dupl., cf. bi.in.d6 : it-ta-qi
(in broken context) CT 17 28:43f.; me.e bur.
2. battleground: sa kilallini ina na-aq- mah.a kal ga.an.na.ab.d6.en(text .ka) :
ra-bi tu-[...] Tn.-Epic "iv" 10, also (in broken anaku ina burmah .ikari lu-uq-qi-4 in the burmdhu
I will libate beer to him SBH p. 50 No. 25:11f.;
context) na-aq-ra-bi AfO 7 281:4 (Tn.-Epic);
su.mu UD.UD.ga igi.zu bal.bal.e : qataja
gimir sdbeSu ina qereb Sade ana na-aq-ra-bi elletu iq-qa-a maharka my pure hands sacrificed
iniqa all his troops marched toward the before you 4R 23 No. 1 i 14f.; siskur(AMARx E.
battleground in the mountains Thureau-Dan- AMARX §E).A§.A§ [...].in.dus.du : ni-qd-e [...]-
gin Til-Barsib 143:13 (= RA 27 17, Shalm. IV); tina-qi 4R 20:30f.; siskur a.u 4 .te.na.kex(KID)
(var. a.u 4 .te.en gi 6 .ba) dug4 .ga.ab : niqg
the city's flatlands afar naq-ra-[bi]me umalli arammi i-qi (see nlqu lex. section) CBS 1354 iv
where battles are fought, he flooded with 13 (bil. Farmer's Instructions, courtesy M. Civil);
water Winckler Sar. pi. 34:128. siskur.ra im.ma.an.gA.ga : Ad i-na-aq-q~-,
MM 487 i 2' (courtesy M. Civil), dupl. (Sum. only)
naqru s.; (mng. unkn.); lex.* TIM 9 1:21.
gidim hli.a.d6.a nu.tuk.a 1h.me.en :
[(...)] SA - muq-qu, [(...)] L]
L naq.-ru(var. [lu] etemmu Aa na-aq mi la ird4 be you the ghost (of
-rum) 5R 16 i 36, var. from Rm. 2,585, see ASKT one) who has no one to libate water for him (pre-
p. 198 (group voc.). ceded by kasip kispZ) CT 16 10:llf.; ki.si.ga
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naqfi naqtu
a. d6. m : ana kasap kispl u na-aq me (the demons cf. etemmu Sa BAL A la id Kocher BAM 230:34;
emerged from the tomb) for the funerary offerings adi kispi na-aq me ana etemme Sarri dlikit
and libation of water CT 17 37:7ff.; hli.a.bal.la
na.an.tuk.tuk : na-aq me aj irsi let him have no
mah[rija]sa subtulu arkus I reinstituted the
one who would libate water for him 4R 12 r. 33f. offerings for the dead and the libations for
a.sed7 de.d6.da : me kasiti ana nu-qi-i to the spirits of the kings, my predecessors,
libate cool water KAR 4 r. 9; lal giS.geitin which had been interrupted Streck Asb. 250
KA§.ZfZ.SUD.KA§.SUD mu.un.na.ab.bal.bal.e : r. 1; kispi na-aq (var. naq) me uzammizuniiti
dispa karana ulutinna kurunna u-naq-qd-4i he
libates honey, wine, uludinnu beer, and kurunnu I deprived them of funerary offerings and
beer for her KAR 16 r. 25f., dupl. KAR 15 r. 1lf.; libations Streck Asb. 56 vi 76; naq me-e
kas.[sa]g kas.hus.a a.ra.an.bal.bal.e us. lizammesima BM 113927:29 (NB); note the
us.kur.ku.ga ka.a.bi su.luh.ha 9u.us.kur : atypical: ul tallikamma n[a]-aq me-e ina bis
ikar r4et ikar hu eS i-neq-qi-ka ni-qu-e ellu Sa
pszu mesa U-neq-qi-ka he libated first quality beer,
tika ul izzibuni if you do not come (and pay
red beer for you, he offered you a pure sacrificial the naditu) they will leave no .... in your
animal whose mouth had been washed STT 197 : 44ff. house CT 52 67:16, see Kraus, AbB 7 67, possibly
siskurx(AMARxAE) [n]u.bal(var. adds .es) : to nakmu.
[niqgl] ul i[n]-naq-qi-Su-nu-ti sacrifice is not
made for them CT 16 42:22f., var. from 43:48f.; 2' in rit.: [ja]ggd[m] me Sa Shim [an]a
e.ul.mas 6.bar.ra.zu.a mud.da (<a.ginx(GIM) pan iltim i-n[a]-aq-qi the Sangd libates
mu.un.tag.en : ina JEulma bit piriStiki dam!
kzma ms in-naq-qu-u in Eulma§, your mysterious
water from the sdhu-vessel before the goddess
temple, blood is shed like water 4R 19 No. 3 r. 5f., RA 35 8:25, cf. ibid. 27ff. (Mari); ina nubats
see OECT 6 p. 38; [mu.t]i.in im.ta.d6.e tika hiri biirtam ... [ka]sitim me ana DN
a.se.er im.ta.an.d6 : Sa karana iml // in-na- ta-na-qi dig a well during the night, you
q4-u taniha imtala (see karanulex. section) KAR
libate cool water before Sama§ Gilg. Y. vi 270,
375 iii 15f.
ama.gan al.~isu..de tu.mu.mu nu.us cf. birti Gilgames taqabbimaburta teherri kima
ma. a n.z . em.ma : umma alittu ittanatbak me ttamru me uniiti ana pan DN BAL-qi
(var. it-ta-naq-qi) [mar] luman inandina (obscure) you say, "Well of Gilgames," you dig a well,
SBH p. 14 No. 6 r. 2f., dupls. ibid. 116 No. 62:15f. and as soon as you find water, you libate
and MVAG 18/2 79, see ibid. p. 49.
this water before Samag Or. NS 40 150 r. 34
(namburbi); aq-q-ki me bi~rti putri atlaki
1. to pour out as a libation (water and
I have libated for you (LamaAtu) water from
other liquids, also flour) - a) water - 1'
a well, make off, get away! 4R 56 i 15, see
referring to libations for the spirits of the
4R Add. p. 10, dupl. PBS 1/2 113 i 6, cf. me
dead: tPN imatma 'PN2 mdrassa me i-na-aq- birti BAL-qi-Ci 4R 56 i 24 and dupl. (Lamastu);
qi-si when rPN dies, tPN2 , her (adopted)
ina ereb blli ana pan biili m&BAL-qi (see blu
daughter, will libate water for her BE 14
mng. Ic-l') CT 4 5:30; a-nag-qi-ku-nu-Si
40:15 (MB); ana arUtikunu me kasiti lu-uq-qi
me GN elliti ina muhhi tada[bbub] tanaSsima
(var. luSgi)LKA 89 r. i 17, var. from KAR
ana muhhi qaqqad immeri ta-na-[aq-qi] you
227 iii 23, see TuL p. 132:50;
lu aq-qi-su-nu-ti
say over (the water), "I libate for you pure
(preceded by lu aksupsunicti) KUB 37 78:8;
water from the Amanus," you raise it and
DN aplam na-aq me-e likimsumma may
pour it on the head of the sheep BBR No.
Ninurta deprive him of a son who would 84-85: 8f., also 11, cf. me Suntiti tanaSSima .. .
libate water for him (when dead) MDP 2 pl.
ana pilt alpi rabsi 3-4u BAL-qi-ma you raise
23 vii 10, also, wr. na-qa me-e BE 8 4:4 (NB),
that water and pour it three times on the
apildu na-qa mesu liseli let (the god) deprive
forehead of the reclining bull STT 73:121;
him of his son who would libate water for him mi elliti BAL-gi-ma Or. NS 36 34:10 (nam-
BBSt. No. 8 iv 20, cf. No. 9 ii 19, MDP 6
burbi), Mayer Gebetsbeschw6rungen 511: 13; see
p. 45 iv 10, cf. apla na-[aqme la tid]& AfO 19
also usage b.
117:10; etemmukunu pqidu na-aq mi aj irdi
let your spirit not find anyone who takes b) other liquids - 1' beer: i-nag-ga-nik-
care, who libates water Wiseman Treaties 452, ka sikar sdbi'i tamahhar they pour out bought
337
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naqf naqt
(lit. tavern keeper's) beer for you, and you for you, flour is poured out for you AfO 14
accept (it) Lambert BWL 136:158 (hymn to 146:109 (bit mesiri), cf. Sasqd ana Sin BAL-qi
Samar); sikara ta-na-aq-qi you libate beer CT 4 5:12; summa qutrinnam taskunma qe
KUB 4 18 ii 6, wr. BAL-qi ZA 32 174:40f., Or. mam ina serisu ta-ta-qi if you set out incense
NS 36 274 r. 8 (namburbi), LKA 115:5, KAR and pour flour on it PBS 1/2 99:5, see RA
223:8, CT 23 36:50, CT 34 9:40, BBR No. 26 63 73; ul apperku ina na-qu sirqi u nakmasi
iii 10, and passim in rit.; aq-qz-ka rest$ ikar [...] (see zirqu B usage b) KAR 128 r. 20
daspa I have libated for you sweet beer of (prayer of Tn. I).
the best quality BMS 1:20 and dupl., also BMS
2. to shed (tears, blood), to let flow:
2:29; KAS SAG BAL-qi PBS 10/2 18 r. 31, KAR
summa amelu ... in imittisu ... dimta BAL-
26 r. 17, BMS 12:5, ZA 32 176:69, RAcc. 10
qi if a (sick) man's right eye waters CT 23
i 11, Or. NS 40 150:32 (namburbi), and passim
43 ii 8, also ibid. 44 K.2611 r. iii 1, wr. DE-qi
in rit.; mihha BAL-qi you libate mihhu beer
Labat TDP 36:31f.; ikkakkini ... damiunu
KAR 56 r. 3, and passim in rit., see mihhu.
ni-qi let us shed their blood with our weapons
2' wine: 2 lahanndte sa karani sarru ana LKA 62:20 (MA lit.), see Or. NS 18 35; assu
qaqqiri i-na-aq-qi the king pours a libation of ... ina seri la aq-qu-u dame qurddesu since
wine onto the ground from two lahannuvessels I had not shed the blood of his warriors on
ZA 50 194:23 (MA rit.); [...] karana i-na-aq- the battlefield TCL 3 123 (Sar.); summa
qi RAcc. 143:394; karana sahta ta-naq-qa gisimmara takkisma da-mi iq-qi if you fell a
you libate drawn wine RAcc. 68:22, 28; date palm and it drips blood CT 41 19
karana BAL-qi CT 4 5:6, also KAR 25:25. K.2851+ :12 (SB Alu); samna u sndte ta-na-
a[q-q]i(?) you discard(?) oil and urine
3' other liquids: [aq-q]i-ka daspa kurunnu Ebeling Wagenpferde 20 F 10, also, wr. ta-na-qi
Or. NS 40 155:5 (namburbi), and passim in rit., 30 L 6, 36 U 1; ezbam me ana litti me li-iq-qi
see kurunnu usage a-2'; me u sikara BAL-qi-ma (proverb, obscure) Kraus AbB 1 21:22 (OB
KAR 72 r. 4, also KAR 239 iii 7, Kocher BAM let.).
323:7, AMT 32,2:22, JRAS 1929 283 r. 15; me
3. to sacrifice - a) niqd naqii - 1' ex-
KAS.SAG ZAG imitta (with gloss sikaru imittu)
u sumela liq-qi let him libate water and fine plicitly referring to the sacrificing of animals:
beer on the right and on the left ABL 1396:8, inuma SISKUR.RI kussi sa bit Annunitim
see Parpola LAS No. 71; sikara karanaBAL-qi SISKUR.RI aq-qi-ma [tere]tum mddis d[amq]a
BBR Nos. 60 r. 38, 68:31ff., and passim in these at the time of the offerings to the throne in
texts; Samna dispa sikara karana BAL-qi the temple of DN I performed a sacrifice,
you libate oil, honey, beer, and wine BBR and the extispicy was very favorable ARM
10 55:13 and 15; UDU.SISKUR BAL-qi you
No. 63:2f.; sizba sikara karana BAL-qi KAR
72:23; sikara restd kardna izba BAL-qi RAcc. perform a sacrifice (and offer several pieces
of meat) LKA 118:5, BMS 12:7, BBR No.
12 ii 7, and passim in this text; GA AB BAL-qi
46:5, also 4R 55 No. 2:15, RAcc. 12 ii 3, and
you libate cow's milk Kocher BAM 323:97;
passim in rit., note the writing BAL Or. NS 36
(he mixes wine and oil) ana DN DN, u iii
21:12; SISKUR merdetu alpa u immera ina
kalama i-naq-qa and libates it to Anu, Antu,
and all the gods RAcc. 68:9. pani Ani i-naq-qa as a merdetu offering he
sacrifices a bull and a sheep before Anu
c) other offerings: maqqitam liq-qi RAcc. 90:30, also ibid. 92 r. 7, 119:11, 121:31f.;
kurummassu ana ilisu liskun let him make SISKUR bibil libbi sa GUD.MAI.MES pagluti
a libation and place his food ration before immerg mariti damqiti kabrtti ig-qi-ma he
his god KAR 177 r. i 37 (hemer.), of. BHT made voluntary offerings of fat bulls and fine
pl. 13 iii 7; for other refs. see maqqitu; sariq fattened sheep BBSt. No. 36 iv 32 (NB kudur-
kun.i sirqu sasqil na-qi-ku-nu-i (var. na- ru); SISKUR (var. UDU.SISKURx) ta-naq-qi-ma
qu-k[u-nu-i]) a scatter-offering is scattered (var. BAL-qi-ma) BBR No. 1-20:74 and 154,
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naqu naqft
cf. SISKUR li-qi ibid. 149; [UDU].SISKURx BAL-4 he who finds (this) stela and performs
BAL-q dam niksi ... issallah you perform a a sacrifice AKA 172 r. 22 (Asn.); nare ...
sacrifice, the blood of the slaughtered animal samna apus UDU.SISKURx aq-qi I anointed
is sprinkled (on the door) CT 4 5:31; ina the stelas with oil and performed a sacrifice
lumun s zr haititi ... a ina BAL-e SISKJUR ... AKA 104 viii 49 (Tigl. I), also VAB 4 224 ii 45,
iptarrikunissu in the case of evil (portended) 226 iii 9 (Nbn.); UDU.SISKURx.ME§-ia ellite
by unfavorable signs which recur when sattisamma ana ASsur belija lu at-ta-qi every
making a sacrifice IM 67692:275 (tamitu, year I performed my pure sacrifices to my
courtesy W. G. Lambert); note: 3 UDU.NITA. lord Asur AKA 90 vii 16 (Tigl. I); UDU.SISKUR.
SISKUR BAL-qi you sacrifice three sheep MES-e tasrihti ebbiti aq-qi-ma I performed
Or. NS 36 283 r. 5, also ibid. 284:6 (namburbi). sumptuous pure sacrifices TCL 3 161 (Sar.),
also OIP 2 98:92, 116 viii 69, 125:50 (Senn.),
2' without explicit ref. to slaughtering: Borger Esarh. 63 vi 46, Thompson Esarh. pl. 17
for CCT 4 6f:11 and OIP 27 17 r. 2' (OA) vi 4 (Asb.), Streck Asb. 90 x 107, VAB 4 222 ii
see niqu usage b; alum GN u halsum AMAR. 22 (Nbn.); UDU.SISKURx.MES ana ilija aq-
AMAR.RI ana DN iq-qi the city of GN and the qi Iraq 25 52ff.:13 and 47, Rost Tigl. III p.
district made sacrifices to Adad ARM 3 45:21; 30:176, 44:16, 50:16, 56:12, Lyon Sar. 9:60,
AMAR.AMAR.RI ana DN ana baldt belija aq-qi- Winckler Sar. pl. 38 III 37, wr. BAL-qi WO 1
i-ma I performed a sacrifice to Dagan for 15:10, 458:40, 3R 7 i 26 (Shalm. III); ni-iq
the life of my lord ARMT 13 23:5; mahar sagikare ebbuti ... aq-qi I made pure sas
DN ni-qe-em lu-uq-qi I will perform a sacrifice gikard sacrifices Lie Sar. 80:12; ana satti
before DN ARM 10 87:27, cf. ana il sa abija ni-qa-a aq-qi-sum-ma every year I offered
ni-qe-em lu-uq-qi ibid. 113:22; AMAR.AMAR.RI him (Samar) sacrifices VAB 4 254 i 26 (Nbn.);
satu i-qi-i perform those sacrifices ARM 10 sa ... ni-qa-a la ta-naq-qu-u you who do not
128:12; ana isirti nakrim terrumma ni-qi-am perform a sacrifice VAB 3 69:108 (Dar.);
ta-na-qi-i you will enter the sanctuary of the riksa arkuskunusi ni-qa-a ella aq-qi-ku-u-sii
enemy and perform a sacrifice RA 27 149:43, I have set up a ritual arrangement for you,
also, wr. ta-na-aq-qi YOS 10 44:43 (both OB I have performed a pure sacrifice for you
ext.); ni-qisarritisurabiamiq-q he performed Iraq 18 pl. 14:22 (namburbi); SISKUR qiretiana
a great sacrifice befitting his royal status DN DN, u ill kalama i-naq-qu-u they perform
Syria 32 13 ii 11 (Jahdunlim); la i mi inma sacrifices for a banquet for Anu, Antu, and
ti-na-qu ni-qa-am (see niqi usage d-3') all the gods RAcc. 120:23, SISKUR ana Ea u
EA 34:12; samnam lipsus ni-qi-a-am li-iq-qi- Marduk i-naq-qu-u Weissbach Misc. No. 12:4,
ma let him anoint (my building inscription) and passim in rituals; [ina] puhur kimtija ana
with oil, let him perform a sacrifice AOB 1 Enlil belija SISKURx lu-uq-qi (var. [lu-u]q-qa)
24 v 5 (Samsi-Adad I), cf. Sa ... ni-qi-a-am la I will sacrifice to my lord Enlil with my as-
i-na-aq-qu-ma ibid. 11; ni-qa-a liq-qi (also wr. sembled family Lambert BWL 208 r. 10 (fable);
li-qi, liq-qi) AOB 1 50 iii 57 (Arik-den-ili), ibid. ana erbetti sari at-ta-qi ni-qa-a I offered
124 edge 3 (Shalm. I), Weidner Tn. 9 No. 2:50, sacrifices in the direction of all four winds
and passim in Tn., AKA 105 viii 57, 116 r. 24 Gilg. XI 155; summa amelu SISKUR ana iliSu
(Tigl. I), Scheil Tn. II r. 62, Lie Sar. 82:15, ana na-qe-e itbima if a man leaves to perform
OIP 2 116 viii 85, 154:21, 147:35 (Senn.),Bohl sacrifices to his god CT 40 48:19f., cf. iq-qi-ma
Leiden Coll. 3 p. 35:38 (Sin-sar-iskun), VAB 4 228 ibid. 24 (SB Alu); on that day ni-qi-e BAL-qi
iii 46 (Nbn.), wr. BAL-qi Borger Esarh. 34:60, he may offer a sacrifice 4R 32 i 6, 9, ni-qu-u
76:21, Streck Asb. 90 x 113, 242:58, 246:80, and ul BAL-qi ibid. 28, 32, 37, also K.2809 i 5,
passim in royal inscrs.; atta ... amna pubu 9, 12, 14, 4R 33* i 18, 22, etc., K.2514:9, and
tDU.SISKUR BAL-qi anoint (my inscription) passim in hemer., see Landsberger Kult. Kalender
with oil and perform a sacrifice Borger Esarh. p. 123, cf. also UDU.SISKURx UD §E BAL-qi
64 vi 72; .a nard emmaruma ... UDU.SISKURx you offer a sacrifice on a favorable day
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naqf naqG
AMT 33,2:4; UDU.SISKUR BAL-qi you make a 11 iii 13, note, wr. SISKUR-qt ibid. 16 and 18;
sacrifice (during the course of a ritual) RAcc. obscure: imisam kal Satti 10 immeremariti
36:18, 40:16, 42 r. 4, BA 10/1 106 No. 25:8, Or. E
... ana na-qe-e libbi ina mahazzdt inneppus
NS 39 143:24, BMS 21:30, also i-naq-qi CT 34 RAcc. 79 r. 31.
8:13, note [UD]U.SISKUR.UDU BAL-qi BBR
No. 58:8, 7 UDU.SISKURx.MES BAL-qi BBR c) in absolute use: essesam a-na-aq-qi-ma
No. 49 vi 5, (with UDIU.SISKUR) KAR 72:15, ina Sanim cmim pan sabim asabbatamma on
Weissbach Misc. No. 12:11; UDU.SISKUR rab the day of the esse.u feast I will sacrifice, on
ana DN BAL-qi you offer a large sacrifice for the next day I will take the lead of the troops
Anu RAcc. 36:26. (and leave for GN) ARM 1 10 r. 13'; adi la
[azzizzu u]l i-na-qi sarrum when I (the date
b) other expressions: mahar DN lu aq- palm) am not present the king does not
sacrifice Lambert BWL 156 IM 53975 r. 9
qi-ma teretum lupputa I sacrificed before DN
(OB version), also ibid. 160 r. 2 (MA); ana DN u
but the extispicy was unfavorable ARM 10
87:6; 1 emmeram ana ASSur 1 emmeram ana DN2 ina GN lu aq-qi I sacrificed to Samas
Belim 1 emmeram ana ilini ni-na-qi we will and Adad in Arrapha RA 7 155 ii 11 (OB hist.);
sacrifice one sheep to AgBur, one sheep to the ana DN ana PA.DINGIR im-qi for DN, he
lord, one sheep to our god KT Blanckertz 13: 6; libated to the Thunderbolt(?) JAOS 88 193:29,
immere duzjiti UDU.SISKURx.MES ebbeti lu 34, also ibid. 18 (MB votive).
aq-qi (see duMi usage a) OIP 2 82:33 (Senn.); 4. itaqqi to offer sacrifices repeatedly:
[alpe] kabruti immere marti ana la mdni arhis it-na-aq-qi-su-nu-ut ni-qi-a-su ellam
mahardu i-naq-qu-[4] they sacrifice countless again and again, lavishly, he offers his pure
fat oxen and fattened sheep before him sacrifice to them (the gods) RA 22 173:42 (OB
TCL 3 341 (Sar.); gumah regtUti gukkalle lit.); ina libbisu UDU.sISKURx.MES ellute ana
mariti zibi qadiiti ina mahar Nabi Tadmetu Adad belija lu at-ta-aq-qi in it (the bit hamri)
beleja aq-qi-ma (see gumahu usage b-2') I regularly offered pure sacrifices to Adad,
B6hl Leiden Coll. 3 p. 35:34 (Sin-gar-iskun), cf. my lord AKA 101 viii 10 (Tigl. I); beer ana
GUD.x [.. . ]-te ue mariti aq-qa-a-ma I i-ta-aq-qi-im ana assammim (see assammu
sacrificed [...] oxen, fattened sheep Streck usage c) UET 5 507 i 6, also ibid. 2, 14, 24, ii 8;
Asb. 268 iii 23; reete ana Addur belija u at-ta-naq-qi kurunna dusSupa kardna ellu
ekurrdt matija a-qi the best (of the produce) I repeatedly libated sweet kurunnu beer and
I sacrificed to A§§ur, my lord, and to the pure wine Lambert BWL 60:95 (Ludlul IV);
temples of my land AKA 245 v 10, wr. BAL kas4ti it-taq-qu-u me nadati repeatedly they
AKA 387 iii 135, BAL-q AKA 186 r. 15, Iraq 14 libated cool water from the waterskin
33:40 (all Asn.); gumah rabiti immere ma: Gilg. VII iv 44, also [sa ... nit]-taq-qu-u
r4te kurke paspase MUSEN.ME§ gam mutta Gilg. VIII i 20, restored from K.9997, see Garelli
priute maharsun aq-qi I sacrificed before Gilg. 53; ina I[M].EDIN edip na-di i-ta-naq-
them (the gods of Calah) large bulls, fattened qi-su EDIN mald zndsu (obscure, see edepu
sheep, geese, ducks, winged birds of the sky mng. la) Kiichler Beitr. pl. 2 ii 23 (inc.).
Winckler Sar. pl. 48:20; sis alpi seni ugnd hip
gadt ... aq-qi I sacrificed horses, oxen, sheep, 5. nuqqu to pour out as a libation, to shed
and lapis lazuli cut in the mountain Rost Tigl. (blood) - a) to pour out as a libation: see
III p. 10:47; 3 immere pes4ti BAL-qi you KAR 4 r. 9, KAR 16 r. 25f., STT 197:44ff., in
sacrifice three white sheep KAR 50 r. 5, see lex. section; ikara tu-naq-qa ana ill sa
RAcc. 24, cf. BBR No. 57:7, immera BAL-qi tahsusu you libate beer to (all) the gods you
Oefele Keilschriftmedicin pi. 2 K.9684:9; flour, mentioned (beside dikaraBAL-qi line 100) AnBi
beer, and sheep ina MN li-iq-q- AfO 24 12 286:98 (prayer to the gods of the night);
88:11, and passim in this text (MB Elam); 1 UDU. [didpa hi]mita dizba likara rita kardna u
GtKKAL(?).SAL ... ta-na-aq-qi-ma Labat Suse gamna tdba [ana muhh]ida '-naq-qu-u they
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naqaf nAqu B
libate honey, butter, milk, beer of the best a A = [na-a]-q~ MSL 2 126 i 1 (Proto-Ea);
quality, wine and perfumed oil on it (the brick) fel-a A - na-[a-qu] S b I 1; e-a A = na-a-qu Ea I 1,
also Hunger Kolophone Nos. 43 and 47 (subscripts
RAcc. 46:22, also 42:19; ic-naq-qu- Nisaba of the series); u, a, i, [i].i - na-a-qu Nabnitu C 77ff.;
pdair ill sa same u erseti I(?) offer barley ii na-a-qu Idu II 139; i - na-a-qu Izi V 3;
which appeases the gods of heaven and earth ga-gig MALX MI - na-a-qu Ea IV 264; bi-i Bs =
.TNES 15 138:105; Nisaba i-naq-qu- ukab na-qu-u (for naqu) A V/1: 141.
batu (see kabdtu mrng. 8) ibid. 115, also ibid. 119, u 4 .gi6.ba al.du,.du, a.gig.ga g[ig.ga] :
muiru u urru iddm margi4 i-na-[aq] he roams
Surpu V-VI 178 and 181; Zi.MAD.GA-SU ut-te- around day and night and groans bitterly Surpu
qa-a (var. [u]t-taq-qa-a) he poured out his VII 35f., of. [...] a.gig.ga i.i : [...] mari
flour-offering Gilg. V ii 48, var. from LKU i-nu-uq-qu they cry bitterly (OB version differs)
Lugale V 4, also II 44; [l6].ux(GI§GAL).lu.bi
40: 15.
b) to shed (blood): umma ina erset mdti
a.gig.ga i.[i] : amelu . margia i-na-aq CT 17
15:18; a.a.mu nA.da i.lu ga.an.na.ab.dug 4 :
damiu nu-uq-qu-1 if blood is shed on the soil ana abi a nilu lu-na-aq let me wail for my father
who lies (there) SBH p. 121 No. 69 r. 20f.
of the country CT 41 22:20, also CT 40 46 r. 45
(SB Alu). Enlil sa ana sit pisu Igigi kullassunu i-nu-
6. IV to be shed, to be sacrificed (passive qu palhiS at whose utterance all the Igigi
to mngs. 1-3) - a) to be shed: if the soil of groan in fear JCS 19 121:4 (MB royal), cf.
the land is suffused with blood x-x-ma ina Igigi napharunu i-nu-qu marsid En. el.
mdti in-naq-qu-u blood(?) will be shed in the III 126; etlu da ina qdt namtariumarsi i-nu-
uq-qu (Sum. broken) the young man who
land CT 40 46 r. 45.
cries bitterly in the grip of his fate JTVI 26
b) to be offered as sacrifice: see KAV 218 153 ii 4, see Lackenbacher, RA 65 124.
A ii 34, cited niqu lex. section; see also SBH
p. 14 No. 6, in lex. section; niq[idm] sa belija The personal name DN-a.na.ak cited
[u] matim an[a ... in]-na-qi a sacrifice on MAD 3 190 s.v. ndqu is Sum., as unpub.
behalf of my lord and the country for [... ] parallels with mu.na.ak show, and corre-
was performed ARMT 13 111:14, cf. UD.18. sponds to Mina-epu-DN.
KAM AMAR.AMAR.RI sa bell ispuram ana dIM naqu B (nuaqu) v.; to run, to go; SB;
in-na-ag-qi ARM 14 9:15; ana libbi gemi I iniq - in&q.
sa in-na-aq-q-u tdbta u sahld tuballal you
du-du Bir.Btfr = na-a-qu, na-a-au Diri II 57f.;
mix salt and sahlil with the flour which was
a.gar = na-a-qu Erimhui II 119; kug5 .tag.tag
offered as sacrifice (by burning it) ZA 45 - na-a-qu ibid. 11; kug5 .tag.ga = na-a-[qu]
208 v 12 (Bogh. rit.). Imgidda to Erimhus A 19'; ku-6u-um BI.LUL
na-a-qu A V11:177, cf. ku-Sumu.PIRG [na]-fa-qul
The OA ref. summa panikca ana A-lim. Nabnitu B 146.
KI(text.LM) saknu anaile sa-qi-i if you intend nu-a-qu = a-la-a-ku An IX 50, LTBA 2 2:338
to go to the City, have an offering made to and 3 v 2.
the gods BIN 4 22:7 occurs in a carelessly
ana sade beruti ana eter napsatilunu lu
written text, and therefore does not consti-
i-nu-qu they fled to the distant mountains
tute sufficient evidence for assuming the ex-
to save their lives Weidner Tn. 4 No. 1 iv 15;
istence of a causative.
gimir bsadbSu ina ereb lade ana nagrabi i-nu-
naqA in §a naqi s.; (an official?); RS. qa (see naqrabu mng. 2) RA 27 17:13 (Til-
Barsip); i-nu-qa ... Sarru namru the
LT.MES sa na-qi MRS 6 202 RS 16.257+ iii 56
(ration list), also Lj URU Sa na-qi URU ~i ku-
brilliant splendor goes forth LKA 38:8 (hymn);
ni (between askcpu and mur'u PN) MRS 12
uncert.: imu neperd4 sa rabil nebi namru
93:15. nuirsu i-na-qu(or -pah) arkidu (Nabut) shining
daylight, who is most brilliant, whose bright
naqu A (nudqu) v.; to cry, to groan; MB, light falls behind him KAR 104:14 (hymn to
SB; I infiq - in&; cf. taniiqtu. Nabi), see Ebeling, MVAG 23/1 73.
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narabtu naramtu
narabtu see nerebtu. ummu rabitu dMIN Langdon BL No. 208 r. 14f.,
also (Sum. broken) Ninlil hirtu rabitu na-ra-am-
naribu v.; 1. to become moist, soft, ta-ka KAR 128 r. 29; [An].tum nidlam ki.ag.
g .zu : Antu histu na-ra-am-ti-ka TCL 6 53 r. 14f.,
2. nurrubu to soften, liquefy; SB; I (only also (Aja) Abel-Winckler 59: 11f. (= Schollmeyer
inf. attested), II; cf. narbu, nurrubu,nurbuA. No. 7); the Lady of Nippur ag.g A dUt.ux(GIGAL).
di-igNI - na-ra-bu (in group with labdku and lu.kex(KID) : na-ram-tu Ninurta KAR 73 r. 5f.,
a-za-al) Antagal G 45; tu-uk IM.KiD = na-ra-bu also (in broken context) [...] ki.g.zu : [na-r]a-
Diri IV 145; ki-id IM.KXD = MIN (= na-ra-bu) raml-ti-ka Lambert BWL 120 r. 20f.; (Sarpanitu)
ibid. 150. mu.ud.na ki.ag.zu : hirtu na-ram-ta-ka SBH
p. 65 No. 35 r. 11; dumu.ki.dg.ga.dEn.ki.ga.
[di-ig] [NI] = nu-ur-ru-bu A II/1 ii 8'. kex : marti na-ram-ti Ea BiOr 30 168 r. ii 3f.
na 4 .gal.gal.la a.ginx(GIM) mu.un.dig.
digdl-di-gi.e.ne : ab-nu rabbd kima m u-nar-ra-bu a) referring to the king's favorite: 'PN [na]-
they (the demons) soften the biggest stone like ra-ma-at sarrim RTC 161 seal a: 1, see MAD 3 231;
water UET 6 391:10, and dupl. PBS 12/1 No. Nand sekretam na-ra-am-tisarrim ina sikrim
6:12f.
usessi Nana will let the palace woman, the
6 tu-nar-rab 5R 45 K.253 v 53 (gramm.). favorite of the king, leave the harem YOS
1. to become moist, soft: for refs. in the 10 46 iv 49 (OB ext.), cf. sekertu AG-tu sarri
predicative see narbu adj. [...] A PA NU.E ACh Supp. 2 Istar 50 ii
13, also cited RA 17 127 K.2902:4 (comm.), cf.
2. to soften, liquefy: see UET 6, etc., in also (abbr.) SAL sek AG-at sarri imdt the
lex. section; for refs. in the predicative see palace woman, the favorite of the king, will
nurrubu. die AOAT 1 138:26 (astrol.); na-ra-ma-at
For CT 29 49:28 see arrabuusage a. sarrim imidda the favorites of the king will
von Soden, Or. NS 24 390ff. increase in number RA 38 84 r. 39 (OB ext.);
na-ram-ti Sarri [...] (in broken context)
nar'amatu see nardmu mng. 3. ACh Istar 2:64; (disregard that on this day)
either the daughter of the king or a relative
nar'amtu (nar'antu) s.; (a mace); MA, of the king lu SAL na-ra-am-ti sarri sa surup
NA; pl. naramdtu; cf. ru'umu. libbi BE-tu4 or the favorite woman of the
x nee ina GIS nar-'-am-te usamqit he king died of heartache AfO 11 361:25,
brought down x lions with a n. AKA 140 iv cf. SAL na-ram-mat rube imdt KAR 423 ii 33
12 (Tigl. I); 9a GIS nar-'-am-ti ana pariangi (SB ext.).
(in broken context) Assur 13058gf (MA),
b) referring to other women: rPN ... na-
cited Weidner, AfO 18 355 ad line 67; md issu
ra-am-ti dNIN.E.GAL Wiseman Alalakh 7 seal
muhhi GIS [nar]-an-ti attalka ... md GIs
a:3 (OB); in personal names: Na-ra-am-ta-ni
nar-an-tu ahtepi (see seru B mng. la) ABL
1280:5 and 7; GIs na-ra-ma-ti 9a
KASKAL
(obscure) Iraq 15 153 ND 3468:3 (both NA).
Our-Darling RA 9 22:13, 28, PBS 7 55:3,
CT 29 35b:6, CT 47 43:9, and passim in OB;
mdrtu na-ra-am-ti libbija (PN) my beloved
daughter YOS 1 45 ii 45 (Nbn.); Na-ra-am-
naramtu s.; beloved one, favorite; from
ti-um-mi Darling-of-the-Mother YOS 2
OAkk. on; pl. naramdtu, stat. const. nardmti
146:9 (OB); as hypocoristic: Na-ra-am-tum
(nardmat RA 11134:12, Mari, na-ram-mat
ITT 2/1 p. 44 No. 918 (Ur III), ICK 1 17b:3
KAR 423 ii33, VAB 4 232:13, narmat YOS 9
74:3, NB royal); wr. syll. and (rarely) AG with (OA), UCP 10 183 No. 110:12, Grant Smith
College 260:18, AS 17 53:1, wr. Na-ra-am-tim
phon. complement; cf. rdmu.
(gen.) UCP 10 129 No. 56:13 (all OB), PBS 2/2
nidlam(S~AL.v.DAM) ki.8g.ga.a.ni : hirtu
33:1 (MB).
na-ram-ti-d. (Ningal) his beloved wife ArOr 21
367:50, and (referring to Ninadamkuga, wife of
Baraulegarra) ibid. 384:27f. (SB inc.); nidlam c) referring to a god's spouse: ammeni
ki.ag.zu ama.gal dNin.lil : hirtu na-ram-ta-ka hirti na-ra-am-ti ... tusasli why did you
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naramtu naramu
mock(?) my beloved wife (Ereskigal)? ZA 43 south wind, beloved by Ea, ditto north
17:58; Aja hirtu na-ram-ta-ka Aja, your wind, beloved by Sin (beside masculine
beloved first wife BMS 10:23 and dupls., see names of winds, see naramu mng. le)
Ebeling Handerhebung 50:126; an offering table AfO 12 143:24f. (SB rit.).
ana Aja hrti na-ram-ti-i BBR No. 1-20:104
W. G. Lambert, JSS 14 251.
and 107; mahar Ninlil ... hzrtu na-ram-ti
ASSur before Ninlil, the beloved wife of ASur
naramu s.; 1. beloved one, favorite, 2. he
Streck Asb. 82 x 27, cf. hirtu na-ram-ta-sl
who loves, 3. love, free will, consent, good
Wiseman Treaties 417; Ninlil sarrat hirat ...
will, volition; from OAkk. on; pl. (in mng. 3)
na-ram-at dEN.LIL BE 8 150:5 (NB leg.);
nar'amatu; wr. syll. and KI.AG; of. rdmu.
Sadarnunna hzrtu na-raram-ta-ka KAR 58 r.
25, see Ebeling Handerhebung 42; Sarpanitu a-ga AG = [ra-a]-mu, [na-ra]-mu EA 351:11f.
hirtu na-ram-ti Marduk KAR 26:56, also (Diri).
ur.sag gul dUtu.ra mu.ud.na ki.ag.zu
ibid. 32, Craig ABRT 1 31 r. 17; hirtu beltu na- ubi dib.ba.ta : ana qarradi e(lu amaA ha'iri
ram-tum (var. na-ra-am-tum) AfK 1 26 r. i 32 na-ra-me-ki abbuit sabti ASKT p. 123 r. 3ff.;
(hymn to Sarrat-Nippuri); a temple as an ki. g dA.a : na-ram dMIN BA 10/1 66 No. 1:9f.;
abode for 8ama§ u Aja kallat na-ram-ti-si (Nergal) ki.Ag.gA.a dEn.1il.l : [na]-ram Enlil
BA 5 642 No. 10:5f., cf. ki.Ag.e.kur.ra : na-ram
CT 34 28:58 (Nbn.); dBa-u na-ram-t[i ... ]
Ekur 4R 24 No. 1:24f.; a.zur.zur.re iS ki.Ag
LKA 19 r. 2; Damkina [na-ra]m-ti itpese Ea dingir Dur.an.ki.kex(KID) : maru kunnu na-
dsibat apsi BMS 4:15; TaSmetu na-ram-ti ram libbi Enlil ibid. 15f., ki.Ag [x] ab.zu : na-
beli Nabi Ebeling Handerhobung 26:47, restored ra-am [x] AB.ZU Labat Suse 2 i 7f.; nam.tar
from ND 5493, see W. G. Lambert, JCS 21 131; dumu.ki.Ag.gg dEn.lil.lA : namtaru maru na-
ram Enlil CT 16 12:5ff.; dJIkur dumu ki.Ag
ana Usuramassu ... na-dr-mat Marduk for An.na : dMIN maru na-ram Anim Weissbach
DN, the beloved of Marduk YOS 9 74:3 and Misc. No. 13:53f.; [zi dKr.Go]I.bh[n.da nitad]am
dupl. BIN 2 31:3 (NB votive); for other refs. [ki].Ag.gA.a.ni : ni dGus[kibanda] ha'iri na-ra-
see Tallqvist Gotterepitheta 168. mi-su (be conjured) by Guskibanda, the husband
whom she loves ArOr 21 378:21 (SB inc.); dNig.
d) other refs. to goddesses: Istar mdrtam si.sA sukkal ki.ag.gA.zu : M.aru sukkallu
na-ra-am-ta-,u YOS 9 35 i 25 (Samsuiluna), see na-ra-am-ka divine Justice, your beloved messenger
Schollmeyer No. 7:7f., cf. (Sum. broken) KAR 128
RA 63 33; ana Nand ... na-ram-ti iii ahhsa r. 27; dBIL.GI ku.li ki.Ag.gA.a.ni : dMIN ibri
for Nana, the beloved of the gods, her na-ram-u CT 16 44:76f.; uru.ki.Ag.ga be.
brothers BA 5 664 No. 22:1; you speak as Nibruki : a-li na-ra-me bi-ti Ni-ip-pu-ru the
follows Istar na-ram-ta-ka iddka lillik let beloved city, the sanctuary of Nippur (may it
raise its head as high as the heavens) Angim IV 18;
Istar whom you (Dumuzi) love go at your
e.kur.ra e.ki.Ag.[ga.ni.e] : ana Ekur biti
side K.2001+ r. iv 193, see Farber Istar und na-ra-[mi-Au] BA 5 573 No. 6 r. 7f.; 6.zi.da
Dumuzi 138; ana Nand ... hzrat DN ... na- ki.dur.mah An.na.dInnin 9a.ki.[ag.me.en] :
ram-ti (var. na-ra-mat) rubitisu for Nana, the .MIN subtu sirtu nam-ram libbi [Anu] u Itar
wife of DN, beloved by his (DN's?) royal atta[ma] 0 Ezida, exalted abode, you are beloved
by Anu and Itar OECT 6 pl. 17 Rm. 97 r. 4ff.,
majesty Borger Esarh. 77 § 49:3. restored from CT 13 38 r. 13f.
uru nig.gi.na ki.Ag.gAki : alu na-ram <ki)-
e) referring to cities, canals, and other
na-a-tum(var. -ti) Iraq 5 56 1924-849:16 (Topog-
objects of fem. gender: ina Terqa [...] raphy of Babylon, coll. O. R. Gurney).
na-ra-ma-at d[...] in Terqa, the beloved [[1 na-ra-am M[arduk] = [e // bi-i-tu ag 4
[city] of [Dagan] RA 11 134:12 (Zimrilim); // na-ra-mu] [g]il M[arduk] AfO 17 132: 3f.
ID Arahtu na-ram-ti Marduk the Arahtu- (LB comm. on the name Esagil); LO.AG LUGAL
ara TAR-i L Aa arri irammugu ara [pardsi]
canal, beloved by Marduk Craig ABRT 1 BRM 4 20: 74, comm. to ibid. 42, cited mng. la.
57:25; [i]rural na-ar-a-ma-ti-suGN he cursed
GN, his favorite city AfO 18 42:39 (Tn. Epic); 1. beloved one, favorite - a) in relations
muhri ~itu na-ra-am-ti Ea MIN (= muhri) between human beings: Sirtu maru na-ra-
iltinu na-ra-am-ti Sin receive (the prayer) mu §a tPN RN, the beloved son of PN
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MDP 23 284:3; Silhaha SES KI.AG Sa PN STT 215 i 41 and dupl.; ama§ na-ram Enlil
MDP 2 pl. 15 No. 3:6, see p. 78:6, also, wr. Laessee Bit Rimki 57:54; Ninurta na-ra-am
KI.AG.A.NI MDP 6 pl. 6 No. 4:7; epru u ardu Anim Iraq 14 32:1 (Asn.); Nabu na-ram
na-ra-am-ka-ma the dust (under your feet) Marduk JAOS 88 125:8 (SB lit.), for other
and the servant you love BE 17 24:10 (MB similar refs. see Tallqvist Gotterepitheta 167 f.
let.); Nebuchadnezzar, my first-born son
na-ra-am libbija whom I (Nabopolassar) love c) in relations between gods and kings -
VAB 4 62 iii 1, of. jdti apilsu restam na-ra-am 1' as a royal title: na-ra-am Istar beloved
libbiSu I, his (Nabopolassar's) first-born son, one of Istar BRM 4 4:2 (Sargon of Akkad);
whom he loves VAB 4 72 i 41, and passim in Belakum na-ra-am Tispak Tell Asmar
Nbk.; Nabonidus na-ra-amummisu beloved 1930,492 seal 2, and passim in Eshnunna, see OIP
of his mother ibid. 294 iii 23; votive offering 43 132ff.; (Hattusili III) NA-RA-AM dUTU
to DN for Assurbanipal na-ram-i-Sawhom she KBo 6 28:2, cf. (also as Akkadogram in Hitt.)
(Assurbanipal's mother) loves ADD 644:4, see KUB 21 49:1, and passim in royal inscrs. from
Streck Asb. 394; LT.KI.AG (var. LI.AG) KI OAkk. on, for refs. see Seux ipithetes 189ff.;
LUGAL ana pardsi to alienate a favorite Assurbanipal na-ram ill rabuti the beloved
from the king BRM 4 20:42 and dupl. 19:37, one of the great gods Hunger Kolophone No.
for comm. see lex. section; na-ra-am sah- 325:2; Enmeduranki, king of Sippar na-ra-
hi-ka tusakpidu lemuttu dear one, you am Anim Enlil [u Ea] JCS 21 132:2 (SB);
have let your .... dwell on evil things I am Sulgi na-ram Enlil u Ninlil Borger,
Lambert BWL 70:13 (Theodicy); uncert.: a4hu BiOr 28 14 i 2 (SB prophecy); Gilgames na-
attau na-ra-muina aSri su-wa-at you are (my) ram Marduk AnSt 7 128:3 (let. of Gilg.); for
brother and friend (lit. beloved) there Jahdunlim sarrim na-ra-amlibbiu the king
Hrozny Ta'annek No. 2:4 (coll. E. I. Gordon); whom he (SamaS) loves Syria 32 16:16 (OB);
note as a personal name: Na-ra-am-LUGAL na-ra-am libbiki whom you (Istar) love
Eames Coll. 38 D 23:7 (Ur III). AKA 208 i 10, cf. 258 i 11 (both Asn.), na-ram
libbi Enlil Streck Asb. 78 ix 74.
b) in relations between gods: mdraSa
na-ra-am libbiSa uwa'erSu she (Dingirmah) 2' other occs.: ana Samsuiluna na-ra-mi-
gave instructions to her beloved son (Nin- i-Sa for RN, her (Nana's) beloved one
girsu) RA 46 90:44, cf. Ningirsu na-ra-am-ki VAS 10 215 r. 23 (OB hymn to Nana); Nusku,
ibid. 37, 39 (OB Epic of Zu); imurma I tar na- who transmits the prayers of Tukulti-
ra-ma IStar saw the beloved one (i.e., Ninurta sarri na-ra-mi-8" the king, his
Dumuzi) LKA 15:5, cf. ibid. 4; Ningal sabitat beloved one Weidner Tn. 36 No. 24:3; you.
abbuti ana nannar ill na-ra-me-i-Sa d[Sin] great gods, who have exalted the kingship of
who intercedes before Sin, the light of the Tiglath-Pileser rube na-ra-me bibil libbikun
gods, her beloved one Streck Asb. 288:7, cf. the prince, (your) beloved one, the one whom
may Ningal speak kindly of me ina mahar you chose AKA 30 i 18 (Tigl. I); sarrum mi.
Sin na-ra-mi-su VAB 4 224 ii 39 (Nbn.), cf. grasun na-ra-am libbiSun the king (Ammi-
also immuti na-ra-mi-is in front of her be- ditana), their favorite, whom they love
loved (i.e., her husband Irra) BiOr 30 361:61 RA 22 171:41 (OB hymn to Istar); malku na-
(OB lit.), cf. ibid. 62 and 64; [abbiti ana Mar: ra-ma libbija the king whom I (Istar) love
duk] hd'iri na-ra-mi-ki sabti LKA 29g:11, LKA 64 r. 13 (NA hymn of Asn. to Istar), cf.
restored from KUB 4 47 r. 24; pandma [Mard]uk AMurnasirpal na-ram-ki ZA 5 67:17 (hymn to
mrul na-ram-ni formerly Marduk was our Ihtar); Assurbanipal na-r[amli]bbija whom
beloved son (now he is your king) En. el. V 109; I (Itar of Arbela) love Bauer Asb. 79 C: 8;
[...] na-ram abi ill DN KAR 256:4 + 297:3; in personal names: dSu-dEN.z-na-ra-am-
Ninurta na-ra-am (var. na-ram) libbi Enlil dEn-lil UET 3 1357:4; dIs-bi-jr-ra-na-ra-am-
Lenormant Choix No, 27:4 (amulet), var. from dEn-lil BIN 9 458:2 (both Ur III).
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naramu naramu
d) in relations between gods and private ki the tavern which you (Itar)love KAR
individuals: PN sukkal Niqmepuh na-ra-am 144:19 (SB namburbi), see RA 49 180:19; muhur
Adad PN, the vizier of RN, the beloved one sadi na-ra-am-mu Anim MN (= muhur)
of Adad Wiseman Alalakh 7 seal b :3, also ibid. amurrd na-ra-am-muEa receive (the prayer),
seal d: 3, f: 3 (OB); in personal names: Na-ra- east wind, beloved of Anu, receive (it) west
am-dEN.LIL.LA ITT 5 p. 61 9971 (Ur III); Na- wind, beloved of Ea AfO 12 143 r. 26f. (SB
ra-me-i-li RTC 127 r. iv 18 (OAkk.); Na-ra- rit.), cf. (in broken context) [n]a-ram Anim
am-i-li BIN 5 93:8, Szlechter TJA 189 FM [.. .n]a-ram Marduk [... na]-ram Enlil
45:12f., Eames Coll. 134 S 5:6 (all Ur III); Na- [... na]-ram Adad ibid. 142:16ff.; erena
ra-am-zv CCT 5 48b: 7, ICK 1 6:16, TuM 1 9d: 18, na-ram ill rabiti usess qdssu they put the
Na-ra-am-dnM BIN 6 29:15, cf. [N]a-ra-am- cedar rod, beloved by the great gods, into
[...] CCT 6 2b:7 (all OA); Na-ra-am-]-a his hand BBR No. 24:9, see Lambert, JCS 21
UET 5 299:3, YOS 8 125:32; Na-ra-am-i-li-Su 132, also ibid. 15, 38, and passim in the bard-rit.;
BIN 7 78:13, Birot Tablettes 70 C r. i 8, UCP 10 hematite na-ra-am9amag JRAS 1929 284 r.
115 No. 40:12, and passim in OB; Na-ra-am-dA- 20.
Sur-li-bur Assur 11017 n, see Saporetti Onoma-
2. he who loves: Nabui and Marduk
stica 1 347; note Na-ram-dSin 82-5-22,106:3
na-ra-am sarritija who love my (exercising
(NB let.), cited Bezold Cat. 1836, see Winckler
the) kingship VAB 4 60 i 25 (Nabopolassar), also
AOF 2 58.
ibid. 142 i 17, CT 37 7 i 28, and passim in Nbk.;
note Ea ar apsi na-ram sarrctisu Ea, the
e) in relations of gods to cities, temples,
lord of the Apsu, who loves his (Nabonidus')
ritual objects, etc.: in Barsippa ali na-ra-
kingship Iraq 27 6 iv 2 (NB lit.).
mi-su in Borsippa, his beloved city LIH
94:34 (OB royal), cf. ina Karkar dli na-ram-i- 3. love, free will, consent, good will,
Su Winckler Sar. pl. 31 No. 65:34; DUR.AN.KI volition - a) love: the gods ina na-ra-am
na-ram Enlil CT 36 6:28 (Kurigalzu I); madhzu sarritija in their love for my kingship
siru diu na-[ram] Istar (Nineveh) the exalted VAB 4 218 i 14; Sin ina na-ra-mi-id in his
cult-city, the city beloved by Istar OIP 2 love for me ibid. 290 ii 19 and AnSt 8 48 ii 22
94:63 (Senn.), also ibid. 103:24; Arbela dlu na- (all Nbn.).
ram libbiSa Piepkorn Asb. 64 v 18, and passim
b) free will, consent, good will, volition -
in Asb.; Sippar mahdzi siri na-ra-am Samas
1' in sing.: ina na-ra-am libbisu GN [...
u Aja VAB 4 64 i 13 (Nabopolassar); Babylon
id]din by his own good will he granted him
URU na-ra-[mi-su] PSBA 20 157 r. 15 (SB
the city of Alalakh Wiseman Alalakh 1:7 (OB);
prayer to Marduk); Eanna, the divine abode
PN and PN2 ina na-ar-a-mi ... innahzu
na-ram Istar beloved by Istar Borger Esarh.
were married of (their own) volition MDP 24
74:30; ina Esagila elalli na-ra-am belutisu
383:11.
in Esagila, the palace, beloved by his lord-
ship VAB 4 114 i 32 (Nbk.); ana Emeslam 2' in fem. pl. (OB Elam only): PN u PN,
biti na-ram [Nergal] for Emeslam, the ina tubdtiSunu ina na-ra-ma-ti-su-nu mimma
temple beloved by Nergal Streck Asb. 188 makkuram Sa PN3 abusunu izizuSunctim ...
r. 35; EdurannaE na-ra-mi-su VAB 4 240 iii 8, izuzu PN and PN,, of their own free will,
Ebabbar t na-ra-mi-ka ibid. 226 iii 13 (both divided between them the entire property
Nbn.); Ezida na-ram Marduk PBS 15 79 i 36; that PN 3, their father, had given them as
Esagila and Ezida I.GAL na-ra-am libbisun their share MDP 24 340:3; PN u PN ... ina
their (Marduk's and Nabil's) beloved palaces tibadtiSunu ina na-ar-a-ma-ti-Ju-nu makkEirs
VAB 4 142 i 19, note Esagila and Ezida sunu ...zzzu MDP 23 166:4; rPN ina tbadtia
subat na-ra-mi-Ju-un PBS 15 79 iii 33 (all ina na-ar-a-ma-ti-a ... makkira ... ana
Nbk.); ina Ezida biti na-ram Nabd LIH 59:28 PN, mdrtia taddidi MDP 24 381:2, and pas-
(NB colophon); bit sdbt na-ram(var.-ra-a[m])- sim in sales and divisions of property; note Sa
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naramu nararu
PN ina tibdati[Su] ina na-ar-a-ma-ti-Su id: da.da.ri u.bi.dug4 dingir.zu ri.a.zu h.a :
d[inusum] PN2 ina t[ubdtiSu i]na na-ar-a-ma- [itpa]rmailu [lu] na-ra-ar-ka gird yourself, your
god is indeed your help Lambert BWL 227 ii 29f.
ti-[Su] ana PN3 iddin MDP 24 375 r. 6 and 8; na-ra-ru = ki-di-[(in-)nu], re-e-qu, ri-ig-mu,
PN [ina] tubatiu [ina] na-a[r]-a-ma-ti-su PN2 ha-mat, hab-ba-tum Malku IV 200ff.
ana marti ilqe MDP 22 1:3, of. (with ana ERfN.GAL.BI = ni-ra-ar-[...] 2R 47 K.4387
ahhti ilqgei) MDP 18 202:2, of. also (referring to r. i 68 (unidentified comm.).
the river ordeal) MDP 24 373:3. 1. military aid, auxiliary troops - a) in
Ad mng. 3b: Y. Muffs Aramaic Legal Papyri from gen.: qadum 2 lim sdbim ana na-ah-ra-ri-im
Elephantine 138. attala[k] together with 2000 men I left to
go to (their) aid ARM 2 50:7, cf. ana ne-eh-
naramu (nahramu) s.; (a garment); OB, ra-ar Hammurapi illaku ibid. 75:4 and 20;
Mari; wr. syll. and T1G.UN.iL; cf. ardmu. kima ... ni-ih-ra-ar mdtim imuru isdtam
tfg.un.il = na-ra-mu Hh. XIX 279. isslma ARM 2 131:28; assurri mdtum kaluga
na-ra-mu = MIN (= subdtu) Malku VI 35. ana ni-ih-ra-ri-<im> illakam maybe the
whole country will come to provide aid
(these men arrived here naked) TUG na-
ARM 4 31:7, cf. ARM 14 64 r. 2'; PN ana ni-
ah-ra-mi 1.AM ina ekallim addinsuniusim
ih-ra-ri-im ana serija ispuramma ana serisu
I gave them each one n. from the palace
ana GN qadum sdbim akgudam PN wrote to
ARM 6 37:10; TUG na-ah-ra-mu [sa] ina qdtija
me for help, so I came to him in GN with
ibasSil [... ] luddiSu I will give him the n.
troops ARM 2 131:5; ana n[i-i]h-ra-ri-im
which is at my disposal TIM 2 156:17;
aspurma ni-ih-ra-rum ... iksudam I wrote
[a.sum] 8 TUG na-ah-ra-mi sibulim ... [TfTG
for auxiliary troops and the auxiliary troops
na-ah-ra-mu mahrijaul iba~id as for sending
arrived ARM 3 7:10f., cf. OBT Tell Rimah 2:13,
8 n.-s, there are no n.-s at my disposal
cf. sabum a PN kima ne-eh-ra-ri-im arhis ...
PBS 7 52:10, 20, also ibid. 12, 16; 3 TUG.UN.IL
Sa LU.DIL.DIL 12 TUG.UN.iL Sa SAL.US.BAR ...
ikaSadam ARM 2 44:16; gep
na-ah-ra-ri-im
ana na-ah-ra-ritussi this is a "foot-mark"
sa ana TUG.BA 6 SAL.MES DAH ... innadnu
indicating auxiliary troops, you will march
three n.-s for individual men, twelve n.-s for
out to provide auxiliary troops YOS 10 25:48,
female weavers (received from three weavers)
also ibid. 5, cf. na-ah-ra-ru ussima ul iturra
that were given out as clothing allowance to
Labat Suse No. 6 iii 16; ase ni-ra-a-ri (var.
six women replacements TCL 1 160:13f.,
ERIN.DAH) KAR 148:21, also KAR 428:37,
also (itemized) TUG.UN.iL ibid. If., 5f., 9f., of.
BRM 4 12:42; kakku musesu na-a-ra-ri(var.
CT 52 74:9.
ERfN.DAH) it is a "weapon-mark" that brings
nar'antu see nar'amtu. (i.e., portends) support KAR 148:30, var.
from CT 31 28:12, also 17; nakru ERIN.DAH idak
na'raru see nardru. the enemy will defeat the auxiliary troops
CT 31 28:18; ana l nitu talammdSu ERIN.DAH
nararu (na'rdru, nerdru, ne'rdru) s.; ussaSu help will come for the city which you
1. military aid, auxiliary troops, 2. help; besiege TCL 6 1 r. 55; eli RN sar GN ne-ra-ri
from OB on; wr. syll. and ERIN.DAH (with la musezi[bi]}u ittakil he relied on Argistis,
graphic simplification also ERIN.GAB); cf. king of Urartu, his ally, who (nevertheless)
na'arruru. could not save him Winckler Sar. pl. 34:113,
Aa-ta-ahDAH = si--nu, sag..ta-abtab = ri-i-su, also ni-ra-ri la etir napiitisu TCL 3 81; ana
sag.tab.ba = na-ra-ru Erimhul VI 165ff.; resut RN ni-ra-ri-su ubil kitru he brought
[].dah = na-ra-rum Antagal C 25; [erin].la1. auxiliary troops to help Ursa, his ally TCL 3
dah = na-ra-ru = (Hitt.) wa-ar-ri-ii ERfN.ME§- 85; irtadi ni-ra-ra he received help (in broken
za auxiliary troops (followed by birtu garrisoned
troops) ErimhuS Bogh. A iii 17, cf. [eri]n.nir.ra =
context, parallel: Sakin resssu) TCL 3 + KAB
EN na-ra-ri = (Hitt.) w[a-a]r-ri-e EN-as ibid. 19; 2 141: 107 (all Sar.); note, referring to a special
gi.Ri.a = na-'-ra-ruSag Bil. B 307. military unit: warki awilim ~dtu ni-ih-ra-ra
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nararu nairartu
[a]m turudma likaSlidusu send n.-troops (physiogn.); Samas-na-ah-ra-ri amag-Is-
after that man so they can catch him ARM My-Help VAS 9 81:5, YOS 8 108:4; Adad-
3 35:8; sdbum kasrum sa na-ah-ra-ra-a[m] ERIN.DAH, Enlil-ERIN.DAJ (var. na-ra-ri)
warkisunu atar<ra>du ul ibassi there are no AOB 1 56 n. 2, Asur-ni-ra-ri ibid. 28 No. 2:1,
regular troops that I could send after them 3:1, 4:1, 42 No. 4:9f.; Adad-ni-ra-ri 3R 3 No.
as n.-troops ARM 14 121:11; girrum Sa 12:49 (Sar.), see Saporetti Onomastica 1 134, see
tallaka ni-ih-ra-rum sa nD.10.KAM sa ITI.1. Tallqvist APN 298a, NPN 310b, Clay PN 189;
KAM-ma the campaign you go on is a ten-day Sin-na-ra-ri UET 7 2 r. 24 (MB); KI-dINNIN.
n.-service per month ibid. 48:7. UD.KIB.NUN.KI-na-ah-ra-ri My-Help-Is-with-
ITtar-of-Sippar TCL 18 101:20 (OB).
b) with sabu: [ana] sdbim ni-ih-ra-ri-im
Sasson The Military Establishments at Mari
[isp]uramma he wrote for auxiliary troops p. 19f.
ARM 3 2:7, cf. [ana sdb]im ni-ih-ra-ri-im
[ana] GN ... allikam ARM 10 152:5, cf. ibid. na8rriitu (nerdritu) s.; help, aid, support;
r.12'; i-Sa- <ta>-tim Sa sdbim ni-ih-ra-ri-im
Bogh., SB; wr. syll. and ERIN.GAB with phon.
[ur]rih attasi I hurried to give fire signals complement; cf. na'arruru.
for auxiliary troops RA 35 181:11 (Mari);
sabum ni-ih-ra-ar-ku-nu (parallel: ;sab
um-ba-raEZENX KASKAL = ki-di-nu, ri-mu-tu, ni-
ra-ru-tu CT 18 30 iii 23ff. and dupl. RA 16 167
ramanija OBT Tell Rimah 2:15; as Akkado- iii 37ff. (group voc.); erin.dah = nara-ru-ut
gram in Hitt.: ERIN.MES NA-RA-A-RE-E MVAG ERfN.ME§, KA.ri. a = MIN rig-me Erimhus I 204f.
38 148 i 21; you shall be NA-RA-RU (beside
ummdndt GN sa ana iszub u ni-ra-ru-ut(var.
Hitt. gardijas) MVAG 31/1 122:12 (treaty).
omits -ut)-te(var. -ti) sa GN, illikuni GN's
2. help - a) in gen.: rimanni na-ah-ra- troops that came to save and to help GN,
ar-ka liksudanni have mercy on me, let AKA 40 ii 18, also, wr. na-ra-ru-ut GN
your help reach me YOS 2 141:18; alak na- ibid. 75 v 74, with ana ni-ra-ru-ti-su-nu AKA
ah-ra-ri allikamma I came for help VAS 16 68 iv 98 (Tigl. I); ana ni-ra-ru-ut-te sa GN lu
93:16, also ibid. 25; na-ah-ra-arbelija libbasia allik I came to the help of GN KAH 2 84:91,
let there be help from my lord CT 2 19:15; also, wr. ni-ra-ru-ut ibid. 94 (Adn. II); ana
anaenzati na-ah-ra-ar-kalibbasiindsim (send ERiN.GAB-te sa RN allik PN ina kakki
fodder) let your providence be shown toward usamqit I went to the help of RN and
the goats TLB 4 12:24; in obscure context: defeated PN in battle Iraq 25 56:45 (Shalm.
i-ha-ap-pi(?)-i-ma att[alak] na-ah-ra-rum III); ana ni-ra-ru-ti-su allik nagi Sudtunu
warkija illikamma adukunitima ittiru Kraus alme aksud I went to his help and besieged
AbB 1 27:21 (all OB letters); imurusuma Adapa and conquered those districts Winckler Sar.
ilsi na-ra-ru they saw Adapa and cried out: pl. 32:71; ana na-ra-ru-u(var.omits -u)-ti ...
Help! EA 356:40, also ibid. 13 (Adapa), of. (in sa Barrdni qipdni sa qereb GN ... urruhiS
broken context) Pinches Texts in Bab. Wedge- ardema allik I hastily marched out to help
writing 15 No. 4: 2, STT 71: 56; na-ra-ruiltanassd the kings and officials in Egypt Streck Asb.
he cries "help" again and again BE 17 27:14, 8 i 75, dupl. Bauer Asb. 2 31 i 11; 12 Sarrdni
also 35:30 (MB letters); jdi ki ahdtitiippusanni anndti ana ERIN.GAB-ti-si ilqd these twelve
ana jdii ni-ra-ru-um-mi he will adopt me as kings he brought with him to help him
a sister and he will be a helper for me, she said 3R 8 ii 95 (Shalm. III); sdbe thazija ana na-
HSS 5 26:12; ana na-ra-ra (in broken con- ra-ru-ti(var. -tu) RN aspurma I sent my
text) KBo 1 22:4 (let. of Ramses). soldiers to the aid ofRN Borger Esarh. 54 iv 27;
RN narkabdti ziiki ana ni-ra-ru-te i~pur (see
b) from gods: na-ah-ra-ru-umsa Marduk ziku A usage a) CT 34 39 ii 10, also ibid.
resika there is help from Marduk, who 40 iii 31 (Synchron. Hist.); ana na-ra-ru-ti
supports you TLB 4 48:5; na-ra-dr ili iraddi KUB 3 125 r. 18, ana ni-ra-ru-te (both in
he will receive help from the god CT 28 27:31 broken context) KBo 120:13, note ana
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na'ratu nar5tu
na-ra-ru-tiDN u DN2 ... sabe tdhazija adkema su im.su.ub (var. im.sig.sig) ni su.a
b i.b. u : uA-nar(var. -na)-rat puluhtasu zumra
with(!) the help of Bel and NabiU I set my
usahhah fear of him makes (all) tremble, it makes
troops in motion Piepkorn Asb. 58 iv 48; the body waste away Lugale I 45.
uncert.: na-ra-ru-u[t(?) ... ] ACh amain 12:4. na-ra-fu // sa-la-hu Hunger Uruk 72 r. 3; tu-nar-
rat 5R 45 K.253 v 52 (gramm.).
na'ratu see ndrtu.
1. to tremble, to shake (intrans.), to quiver,
naratu v.; 1. to tremble, to shake (intrans.), to sway - a) in gen.: if the sheep to be
to quiver, to sway, 2. nurrutu to shake slaughtered for extispicy i-na-ar-ru-ut
(trans.), wiggle, to perturb, to make tremble, quivers TuL p. 43 r. 10, also ibid. obv. 1, 14 (OB
3. III/II to cause to tremble, shake; OB, behavior of sacrificial lamb), for comm. see lex.
MB, SB, NA; I irrut - inarrut, II, III/II; section; (said of a sick person) irass u res
cf. nirritu, nurrutu. [libbi]sui-nar-ru-ut PBS 2/2 104:3 (MB diagn.);
[si-ig] PA = na-ra-a-(u S a Voc. N 15; BUL.[BUL] Iz.zI i-nar-ru-t[a] the walls shake STT
[tu-tu] (pronunciation) = na-r[a-tu] Erimhus 145:17 (Lamastu inc.).
Bogh. E b:9'.
e.ne.em dMu.ul.lil.la ki al.[sig.ga.ni] : b) as sign of fear: from afar he saw my
ina amati dMIN erseti i-nar-rut at the word of Enlil approaching army ir-ru-tu siruu and his
the earth starts trembling SBH p. 10 No. 4:153f.,
whole body started to shake TCL 3 82 (Sar.);
cf. [e.ne.em] Asalluhi ki.ta am.tuk.a ki.ta
am.sig.sig : [amat DN] aplis iqabbima saplis sepdka la issanammd la i-nar-ru-ta qdtdka
i-nar-ru-[ut] SBH p. 149 No. 2:41f.; bAra.bara. your feet (Assurbanipal) will not falter, your
ge.e.ne mu.un.da.ab.sig.sig.ge.[ne] : asib hands will not begin to tremble Craig ABRT 1
parakki iSubbuni // ihisuni // i-nar-rui-i-nim (the 5:8, see Streck Asb. 344; paniika ul urraq ul
gods) sitting on their daises shiver, variant: shake,
variant: tremble before me ASKT p. 127 No.
i-n&r-ru-tasepdka your face will not become
21:49f.; [. .. ].a-n.sig.sig.ge : [...] ul i-nar- pale, your feet will not falter Piepkorn Asb. 66
ru-ut SBH p. 126 No. 78:3f.; [dim.me].er.e.ne v 69, Streck Asb. 192 r. 7; [...] UN(?).MES
mu.un.da.ab.<sig>.ge.[ne] dA.nun.na. i-nar-[ru]-ta[...] (in broken context) KAR
kex(KID).e.ne mu.un.na.ab.ur.ur.[re.ne] : ilu
304:5 (SB lit.); [sarru] bell lu la i-nar-ru-tu
isubbuSu Anunnaki [i(?)]-nar-ra-[(u-si] (for inar:
rufu?) SBH p. 115 No. 60 r. 28f. the king, my lord, must not worry(?) ABL
an al.dub.ba.ta ki sig.ga.ta:.ame inaru'ubi 1132 r. 18 (NA), see Parpola LAS No. 65; at the
erseti ina nu-ur-ru-ti when heaven trembles, when mention of your name heaven and earth
the earth is shaken SBH p. 104 No. 55 obv.(!) 24f.; quake ili isubbu i-nar-ru-tu (var. i-nar-ru-
an al.ddb ki al.sig ar.ri.mu an al.dib.dub ki
al.sig.sig Ar.ri.mu : ame urdb ersetu u-nar-
ti) Anunnaki the gods quiver and the
raf(var. -ra-at) tanadatia muribbat same mu-nar- Anunnaki tremble STC 2 pl. 76:21 (hymn to
ri-ta-at erseti tandddtia I (Istar) make the heavens Istar), var. from dupl. KUB 37 36:21, see JCS 21
tremble, I make the earth shake - this is my fame, 260; ilickima qane isubbu i-na-ar-ru-tu the
she who makes the heavens tremble, she who
gods shake and sway like reeds AnSt 8 62 ii 40
makes the earth shake - this is my fame Delitzsch
AL 8 135:44f., var. from dupl. SBH p. 99 No. (Nbn.), see Rollig, ZA 56 226; for other refs.
53:44f., cf.BA 10/1 121 No. 41:2f., also mu-nar- see lex. section; [ana ep]eS piu ami irubbu
rift ame ibid. 125 No. 46:7, cf. also (my third [... i-n]ar-ru-tu itarruru hursani when he
name is) egi an al.dub ki [al.sig.sig.bi] : speaks the heavens quake, the [...] shake,
rubati muribti same mu-nar-rit-ti erseti SBH p. 109
No. 56:61f. (hymn to Itar), [ki a.ba a]l.sig :
the mountains quiver Thompson Gilg. pl. 10
erseti mannu d-nar-rit (preceded by urib) ibid. K.9759:9, see Ebeling Handerhebung 104; hur:
r. 7f., cf. OECT 6 pl. 3 K.5992:7f.; e.ne.em sanu na-ar-ftul the mountains are quivering
ki.~i ki al.sig.ga.ni : amatu Sa apli erseti SEM 117 ii 19 (MB lit.).
.-nar-<ra)-u the word which makes the earth
below shake SBH p. 7 No. 4:14f., of. ibid. 22f.; 2. nurrutu to shake (trans.), wiggle, to
ni mu.un.da.ru.us su mu.un.da.ab.sig.
sig.ga : (NE i'arraru zumru i-nar-ra-fu they
perturb, to make tremble - a) to shake
.... (Sum. they cause fear), make the body shake (trans.), wiggle: if the sacrificial lamb
PBS 12/1 No, 6 r. 14f. and dupl. UET 6 391:11. zibbassu'-na-ra-a shakes its tail TuL p. 41 :3,
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narbaqu narbatu
also uzunsu u-na-ra-at wiggles its ear ibid. su, [nar]-ba-su Izi H 210f.; [ri]-ri-ig-ga PA.DAG+
42:5 (OB); [d]dlihat [td]mdti mu-na-ri-ta- KISIMX KAK = na-ar-ba-sum,tar-ba-um Diri V 39f.;
[x-x]-x-x K[I.KU] = ru-ub-su, nar-ba-su Diri IV
at hursini (Belet-mati) who stirs up the 307f.
sea, who makes the mountains shake AKA
207 i 4 (Asn.); Enlil mu-na-ri-it hursani a) of animals: sa akkannu murtappidu
AKA 160: 1 (Asn.); mu-nar-rit kibrdti (name nami [na]r-ba-su the lair of the fleet wild
of the outer wall of the city of Assur) WO 1 ass is the steppe Lambert BWL 144:28 (Dia-
387:17, wr. mu-nar-ri-ti ibid. 58 r. 11, BA logue); askuppatum na-ar-ba-sui-u the
6/1 152:38 (all Shalm. III), and Frankena Ta- threshold is its (the dog's) resting place
kultu 125:139f. VAS 17 8:4 (OB inc.); si ... kima issir hurri
ina nar-ba-si-ki go forth from your lair like
b) to perturb, to make tremble: my a partridge(?) AfO 23 40:12 (SB inc.).
father gave me the bull of heaven Gilgames
lu-nar-[ri-it] ina ubtisu so that it can make b) in transferred mng.: Upori, the king
Gilgames tremble on his throne Gilg. VI 95, of Dilmun a ... ina qabal tdmti kima nini
see Frankena in Garelli Gilg. p. 121; I destroyed sitkunu nar-ba-su (var. nar-ba-a-su) whose
the tombs of the Elamite kings mu-nar(var. lair is in the middle of the sea like that of a
-nar)-ri-tu sarrani abbeja who had made my fish Winckler Sar. pl. 39:57, pl. 27 No. 57:7,
royal predecessors tremble (in fear) Streck pl. 35:144, Lie Sar. 443 and dupl. Winckler Sar.
Asb. 56 vi 72; PN and PN2, a abbusunu ... pl. 23 No. 48:2, Lyon Sar. 13:36.
udallipuma u sunu u-nar-ri-ta ep s sarritija In Bab. 12 pl. 7 (= Iraq 31 pl. 2, WZKMVI 55 59)
whose ancestors harassed (my ancestors) and K.2606:5, read ukinnu lib-na-as-[su].
who themselves disturbed the exercise of my
kingship Piepkorn Asb. 74 vi 80, cf. PN and
narbatu s.; name of the seventh month in
PN2 mu-nar(var. nar)-ri-tu(var. -ta) epes Hurr.(?); lex.*; foreign word.
sarritija Streck Asb. 28 iii 58, also AfO 8 ITI Nar-ba-[a]-te : ITI DUg.Kfi 5R 43 i 37.
184:31, SamaS-sum-ukin [mu]-nar-ri-tu Landsberger Kult. Kalender 91.
sarrutija Streck Asb. 186:23; ana Sarri belija
la '-na-ri-ti I did not worry the king, my narbatu in la narbati s.; unsurpassed
lord ABL 605 r. 1 (NA); obscure: DUMU.SAL in number, immeasurable; SB; cf. rabu A v.
huburtu andku 4-za-a-na(or -qa) z-na-ra-at-ta sattukki la nar-ba-a-te isqusun ukinna
atta ana jdsi na'idanni Langdon Tammuz pl. 2 I established regular offerings unsurpassed
ii 20 (NA oracle). in number as their income Winckler Sar. pi.
3. III/II to cause to tremble, shake: 36 No. 76:157, also Lie Sar. 76:12 (= Winckler
us-na-ar-ra-at el-li'im she makes (people) Sar. pl. 24 No. 50:12); choice bulls, fattened
tremble more than a wild bull (does) (see sheep, geese, ducklings itti kadre la nar-ba-
Gilg. VI 95, cited mng. 2b) VAS 10 214 iv 14, a-t[i] usatrisa maharSun together with
cf. PBS 1/1 2:8b; see also Lugale I 45, in lex. (other) gifts unsurpassed in number I spread
section. out before them Lie Sar. 387, cf. Winckler Sar.
pl. 25 No. 53:57; the best things from all
von Soden, ZA 47 18. the lands which I had conquered itti ...
tamqiti la nar-ba-a-timaharun aqqi I offered
narbaqu s.; (a hoe); lex.*; cf. rapdqu A.
to them together with immeasurable libations
gis.al.ta-agtag = na-ar-ba-qu (var. to narpasu, Winckler Sar. pl. 36 No. 77:173, pl. 24 No. 51:11;
l.v.) Hh. VII A 164.
annually without interruption [i]rib la nar-
narbasu s.; lair (of an animal), resting ba-a-ti ... imdanahharu qereblu they
place; OB, SB; cf. rab5su. received in it (the palace) an income unsur-
passed in amount OIP 2 94:67 (Senn.).
[nu-u] [NA] = nar-ba-su A VIII/4:191; [na-a]
[NA] = [nar]-ba-su ibid. 196; hu-ur[HUR] = [ra-b]a- von Soden, Or. NS 24 392 n. 2.
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narbu narbi
narbu (fer. narubtu, naribtu) adj.; moist, narbfi s.; greatness, great power (of gods);
soft; OA, OB, MB, SB; wr. syll. and DIG; cf. OB, SB; cf. rabi A v.
narabu. [nam].gal, nam.mah, nam.gur 4 , nam.gi
di-ig NI = na-ar-bu Ea II 14, also A II/1 ii 2'; = nar-[bu-u] Izi Q 269ff.; [nam].gal = na-ar-bu-u
NI - na-ar-bu-um MSL 14 123 No. 9:389 (Proto- OBGT III 288; nig.gal.gal = na-ar-bu-t Nigga
Aa); [du-ru] [A] = ratbu, labku, na-a[r-bu] RA 17 Bil. B 21.
119:13 (quotation from A I/1); hi-es zIG = n[a-a]r- li.nig.gal.gal = sa na-ar-bu-i OB Lu A 110;
bu EA 351:14 (Diri). lfi.nig.gal.gal = &a na-ar-bi-i OB Lu B iv 3;
gal.gal.di - qd-ab nar-bi Izi H 260.
a) said of wool: Saptam a Mdma na-ri-ib- nam.mah nam.kala.ga.ni a.ga u 4 .da.Se
tdm araktam damiqtam utartam sdmama buy pa bi.in. e: na-ar-bi dunnisu ana ahriat imi
usepi I proclaimed for all time the power of his
soft, long-staple, good and superior quality might LIH 60 iv 4 (Hammurapi); nam.mah.e.ne
wool from GN TCL 19 65:19; Summa saptum pa. ak.me.en : ndr-ba-Su-nu auappama I will
watrat mala na-ar-ba-at ana Kanis la taturs proclaim their greatness KAR 31:27f.; mu.zu
ranim if the wool is as fine as it is soft, bi.dug 4 nam.mah.zu bi.dug 4 : sumka azkur
nar-bi-ka aq[bi] 4R 29 No. 1 r. 13f. (prayer to
do not return to Kanig JCS 14 2 S.559:26;
Marduk); en.[el u 4 .da ab.ti.la nam.mah.zu
SiG.HI.A na-ri-ib-tum I 429:11, cited Matous, he. ib. b : adi iimul balfatu nar-bi-ka liqbi as
BiOr 31 91 (all OA). long as she lives she will proclaim your greatness
BA 10/1 69 No. 1 r. 14f., also Schollmeyer No. 10
b) said of cloth: 1 TUG na-ar-bu-um r. 14f. and parallel No. 23 r. If., cf. [en.e u 4 .d]a
LB 1287:9, cited Veenhof Old Assyrian Trade 184; ti.la me.en nam.mah KA dug 4 .ga : [adi~mu
bal]takuma ndr-bi-ki luqbi as long as I live I shall
1 TUG na-ar-ba-am ana PN VAT 9272:5 (both
proclaim your greatness KAR 73 r. 25f., cf. also
OA); subata nar-ba samna tasallah you 4R 20 No. 2 r. 7f.; dingir lh1.ba.kex(KID)
sprinkle a moist cloth with oil AMT 74 ii 35. nam.mah.zu h.en.ib.ba : il amelu nar-bi-ka
liqbi the god of this person will proclaim your
c) said of parts of the body: summa res greatness CT 16 8:292f.; na.am.mah ar.ri.zu
appiSu na-ru-ub if the tip of his nose is soft un he. si.il.si.il.la : nar-bi tanattika nisu lidlula
(see dalalu A lex. section) ASKT p. 121 r. If.;
Labat TDP 56:22; summa abunnassu nar-bat
nam.mah.me.an.ki : na-ar-bi sa pars.i 4am u
BRM 4 22:9, also Kraus Texte lie vii 9' ersetim Sumer 13 69:5f. (OB); nam.mah.a.ni
(physiogn.); [inan]urzi nar-ba-ti ittadi kussdsu es dEn.lil.la.kex ki.a mu.un.si.ib.dus: nar-
(the businu disease) settled in the soft nurzu bu-di ina bit dMIN ersetu imtalu his (Ninurta's)
Kocher BAM 28 r. 5; summa ... emessu DIG- greatness filled the (whole) earth in the sanctuary of
Enlil Angim IV 51.
ub if his abdomen feels soft Labat TDP 112:26, [... nam.gu.l]a.bi : [...] ulld paras nar-bi-Ai
cf. summa re libbisu DIG-ub ibid. 29, summa CRRA 19 435:6f.; nam.gal.mu x [...] : ndr-
libbasu DIG-ub ibid. 118:13; summa qerbusu bi-[e] qurdija KAR 100 ii 6ff.; umun dumu
nhr-bu-ma ibid. 122 iii 13. dEN.zu.na.ra nig.gal.gal.la un.da.an.garga.
ra.ta : istu belu ana mdrat Sin nar-ba-a i imui
d) said of marks on the exta: DI-hu nar- after the lord had bestowed greatness upon the
bu a soft sihhu mark (predicts joy or rain) daughter of Sin (Istar) TCL 6 51 r. 23f. and 27f.,
see RA 11 146:37 and 39.
(comm. on TCL 6 2:55, see nurrubu adj.)
CT 20 40:24 (SB ext.), also, wr. na-ar-bu ndr-bu-u = nu-'u-[du] Malku V 160.
Boissier DA 11 i 15. a) in gen.: iddissi etltitam na-ar-bi-a-am
dandnam he bestowed upon her manliness,
e) as personal name: Na-ar-bu-um
greatness, might VAS 10 214 iv 4 (OB Agusaja),
RA 8 75 r. 3, Kienast Kisurra 5:10, 9:5, 22:8,
cf. (in broken context) [... tu-us]-ta-aq-ti
RA 70 56 seal, A 32120 seal 2; Na-ru-ub-tum
na-ar-bi-a-am JRAS Cent. Supp. pl. 7 ii 11
CT 33 27:4, CT 4 45c:12, 9ig-Kizilyay-Kraus
(OB hymn to Papulegarra); tastakan na-ar-
Nippur 41 seal b, wr. Na-ru-ub-ti UET 5
bi-[i1-[sa] you have established her great
511:8, Na-ru-ib-tum ibid. 567 ii 7 (all OB),
power RA 15 179 vii 1 (OB Aguaja), cf. i-x
Limet Sceaux Cassites 2.21: 1, Ni. 890:7' (both MB).
na-ar-bi-i-sa ibid. 176 ii 19; uweddiSi na-ar-
von Soden, Or. NS 24 391. bi-Sa he made her distinguished by her
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narbu nardappu
greatness VAS 10 214 vii 16; ina nar-bi sa andku ana eldtu nar-bi-ku-nu lusdpi PBS 1/2
Nergal dandan ilani with the help of the 106 r. 25; for your praise let the Igigi hear
great power of Nergal, the mightiest among this song li-is-si-ru na-ar-bi-ka and extol(?)
the gods TCL 3 417; sa ... nar-bi ilUtisu your greatness Lambert-Millard Atra-hasis 104
mesuma who (trusts in his own strength) III viii 17 (OB); nar-bi ilutiki rabiti kajan
despising the great power of his (Agsur's) lustammar I will praise your great divine
divinity ibid. 119 (Sar.); mut-tab-bil nar-bi-si powers continually OECT 6 13:14 (hymn to
K.8515:7, cf. parakku muttabbil nar-bi-sdu Ninlil); for refs. with nabz see lex. section.
Iraq 36 42:31; situqu na-ar-bu-sa excellent
are her great powers VAS 10 214 vi 23, **narbubtu (AHw. 746b) see sinnarbubtu.
~iup na-ar-bu-sa ibid. i 9, cf. also supi
narbftu s.; greatness, great power(s);
nar(var. nar)-bu-ki STC 2 pl. 75:8 (SB hymn
NA royal*; cf. rabi A v.
to Istar), see JCS 21 258; surbi nar-bu-
ka ZA 61 60:221, 223 (hymn to Nabf); nar- adlul nar-bu-ut ili rabiti I proclaimed the
bu-4i rabi eminent are his great powers greatness of the great gods 3R 7 i 49 (Shalm.
Craig ABRT 1 30:24; ajdm na-ar-bi-a-as isan: III).
nan mannum who is there who can equal her
nardabbu (or nartabu) s.; (a seeding
in greatness? RA 22 172:21, cf. ibid. 23 (OB);
apparatus); lex.*
[ana kal] dadmu listepa nar-bi-ka he will
proclaim your greatness again and again to gig.a-i-inapin = nar-da-bu (in group with a[bu],
zari, pur u[mu], itt) Antagal B 84.
all inhabited places ZA 61 60:214 and 216 (SB
he-ru-u, za-ru-u, ndr-dab-bu, ki-in-na-nu-u, it-
hymn to Nabfi); [lusdpi] nar-bi-e-s4 tanittasu tu-u = a-bu Malku I 113ff.
lustarrah BA 5 652:6 (hymn to Assur), cf.
See abu A mng. 6 and itti B discussion
lustarrihnar-bi-ka Bollenriicher Nergal p. 50:4;
section.
nar-bi-ka lis[api an]a kal dadme AfO 19
59:158 (prayer to Marduk), also ibid. 60:186; nardamtu (nardamu) s.; path; lex.*
the Babylonians saw how Marduk restores
gu 4 .ud.kalam.ma= da-rag-gu, ki.uS.kalam.
to life pdtu kalusina ucSpd nar-bi-e-[si] and ma = ndr-da-mu (vars. nar-[....], mar-te-em-tu)
all quarters proclaimed his greatness Lambert Hh. II 277f.; gir.[....] na-ar-dam-tum (preceded
BWL 58:30 (Ludlul IV); for other refs. see by padanum, tidum) Imgidda to ErimhuS B r. 4";
api A mng. 4a; in personal names: Amur- [gir. .. .].x = nar-da-mu (preceded by [...] -
padanu, fiidu) Erimhus II 39.
na-ar-bi-Erra BIN 7 66:4, 6, 13; Amur-na-
ar-bi-sa AfO 24 124 No. 7:5, YOS 12 92:8; da-[rag-gu], ndr-d[a-mu] = [...] Malku II 89f.
Na-ar-bi-i-li-su Szlechter TJA pl. 41 r. 9 (all OB).
nardamu see nardamtu and nardappu.
b) in the final doxology of hymns, prayers, nardappu (nardamu) s.; 1. bridle, noose,
incs., etc.: nar-bi-ki lusdpi (var. luqbi) 2. mooring pole; SB.*
daliliki ludlul I will proclaim your greatness, gii.guru5 .u = nar-da-mu (after umaSu, among
I will praise your fame BMS 2:8, see Ebeling parts of a boat) Hh. IV 405; gu-§ur GI§.[RAB.GAL]
Handerhebung 24, also Schollmeyer 139 VAT = rndr-da-mul Diri III 17a; GI§.RAB.GAL = nar-
5 r. 7, PBS 1/1 13:40 (hymn to Samas), LKA d[a-mu] (between rappu and maluuu) Hh. VII
17 r. 22 (hymn to Gula), of. BMS 12:93, AfO B 144.
[Iu.b]i eS.sa.ad gir.bi gil.rab.mah.
18 294:83, LKU 27:7, wr. nar-bi-ki KAR 26 kex(KID) : [qds]8u nahbaluAeplu nar-dap(var.adds
r. 5, BMS 30:15 and 17, and passim in suilla -pu)-um-ma his (the demon's) hand is a snare, his
prayers, for other refs. see apil A v. mng. 4a, foot is a noose(?) CT 17 25:14f.
of. also Maqlu II 17, 227, and, with var. nar- Sum-man-nu = ndr-dap-pu, ndr-dap-pu = ma-
lu-fu, rap-pu Malku V Iff.
bi-ka ibid. 74, AMT 72,1:24, KAR 43 r. 2
(inc.); ludlul nar-bi-ku-nu CT 39 27:9 (nambur- 1. bridle, noose: see Diri, Hh. VII B, CT
bi, see Caplice, Or. 36 11: 12), cf. also BMS 18 r. 17; 17, Malku V, in lex. section.
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nargallu nariku
2. mooring pole: [GI§] nar-da-ma-a-asa tug.bar.si.gal = nar-g[i-tum] Hh. XIX 250;
ereni u Addidu §a takilti my (the boat's) [tug.bar.s]i.gal = [nar]-gi-tum = pa-ds-ka-rumkir
Hg. E 74, Hg. B V 2, in MSL 10 142.
mooring pole is of cedar, and the tow-rope TtJG.GAL (var. TYG.GU.LA) -= nar-gi-tum Malku
of blue-purple wool Lambert Love Lyrics 112 VI 142; pa-tin-nu = nar-g[i-tum] An VII 230g;
section III 14, ef. ibid. 30, cf. Hh. IV 405, in lex. na-ar-gi-tum- pa-ar-,i-[gu] ibid. 2301; na-ar(var.
section. -dr)-gi-tum = pa-as-ka-rum ibid. 231; [...] -
[nar]-gi-tum Malku VI App. B left col. 3'.
The form nardamu for "bridle" is attested 1 TUG nar-gi-tum TAG one fashioned
only in Diri III 17a; if that is an error, two headdress Aro Kleidertexte 14 ii 48, also ibid.
words, nardappu "bridle, etc.," and nardamu 15 iii 66, 16 iii 88, iv 119 (early NB list of garments
"mooring pole" have to be distinguished. distributed to the participants in a wedding cere-
mony); 7 TUG na-ar-ga-du MDP 18 94:7.
nargallu s.; chief musician; OAkk., OB,
Mari, MB, SB, NA; Sum. lw.; wr. syll. nargu s.; peg; OA, SB; pl. nargdtu.
and (LU.)NAR.GAL; cf. ndru. na-ar-ga-am a tidrim ... Sdmma lublunim
NAB.GAL, nar.gal = ndr-gal-lu Lu IV 213f.; buy a peg of cedar wood and have them
nar.gal - na-ar-gal-lu-um OBGT XIII 15;
[nar.ga]l = na-ar-gal-lu (between ndru and Lt. bring it here TCL 19 61:26 (OA let.);
ga-at ereni ina libbi tusannas you insert a
na-ar-
NAU se[hru]) MSL 12 83 Fragm. III 8.
peg of cedar wood into it K.2785:9 (SB rit.).
PN NAR.GAL ITT 1 1412, Jestin NTS9 No. also na-ar-ga-at ereni ibid. 11.
169 i 2 (OAkk.); umma NAR.GAL-ma thus
says the chief musician TIM 2 109: 10; NIG. nari s.; length, long side (of a field);
Sv PN N[AR.GA]L property of PN, the chief Nuzi*; foreign word.
musician BIN 7 6:15; PN NAR.GAL CT 8 1 ma-at na-a-ri u 80 pi-ir-ki a 1 ANSE
21c:5, also YOS 5 163:16, (witness) BE 6/2 A.SA essid he will harvest a one-homer field
44 r. 24, PBS 8/2 116:25 (all OB); mahrit hars one hundred (8gpu) long and eighty wide
rdnim [1 LT].NAR.GAL suhFru u u imerusu JEN 558:11 (coll.), cf. 1 ma-at GiR na-a-ri 80
[iksud]unim the vanguard of the caravan, GIRpi-ir-ki sa eqli JEN 550:5.
(namely) one chief musician, his servants,
The word corresponds to Bab. Siddu, cf. 1
and his donkeys, have arrived ARM 14
ma-at 20 GIR si-id-du u pi-ir-ki-su 1 su-si
40:7; NAR.GAL.MES kale chief musicians,
sa eqli sdsu HSS 5 81:8f. Possibly to be
lamentation priests (in broken context)
connected with neru B.
Borger Esarh. 93 § 64:12; 8 KUS.ME§ LIT nar-
H. Lewy, RA 35 33ff.
gal-lum ana abli ana zu-su the chief musician
(takes) eight hides for .... Ebeling Stiftungcn narijarpu adj.; five-year-old; Nuzi*; Hurr.
13:20, also r. 5, and, wr. LU.NAR.GAL ibid. 33, word.
(beside kurgarr() ibid. 23; 1 mu-se-bi LT.NAR.
GAL (see muiabu mng. 2) ADD 860 ii 26; 1 GUD.AB na-ri-ia-ar-pu IM 73425:12 (cour-
LT.NAR.GAL sa Nabd (witness, after kald) tesy A. Fadhil).
Iraq 19 133 ND 5463:29; lands of PN L1f nar- For similar compounds see kikarpu, Rinars
gal-li sa E.BABBAR.RA RA 66 164 i 1 (MB kudur- pu, tumnarpu.
ru); 8 SAL.NAR.GAL ADD 827+ 914: 10, see Lands-
berger, Baumgartner AV 203; LU.NAR.GAL (in nariku (or nariqu) s.; (a vessel); MB
broken context) ABL 1343:5 (all NA). Alalakh.
2 SEN UD.KA.BAR na-ri-ku two ruqqu
nargitu see nargitu. kettles of bronze (called) n. Wiseman Alalakh
113:16; 4 na-ri-ku UD.KA.BAR ibid. 406:2,
nargitu (nargdtu) s.; (a headdress); OB also 2 na-ri-ku UD.KA. (BAR> ibid. 400:2.
Elam, early NB. Salonen Hausgerte 2 346.
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narinnu narkabtu
narinnu s.; (a plant); plant list.* morass AfO 19 59:154 (SB prayer to Marduk),
r na-ri-nu : t [MIN (= GI pis-ri?)] Uruanna II cf. Autbi dertuA SliA ina na-ri-it-[tu] remove
180a. his punishment, raise him from the morass
ZA 61 52:54, also ibid. 56 (SB hymn to NabU).
nariqu see nariku.
nariu see nari B s.
nari9 adv.; like a river; SB; wr. (d)iD
with phon. complement; cf. naru A. narkabtu s.; 1. chariot, 2. the constellation
damisunu hurri natbaki iD-iS usardima seri Auriga; from OAkk. on; pl. narkabdtu;
kidi bamdte asrupa illuris I let the wadies wr. syll. and GI§.GIGIIR, GI§.GIGiR; cf. rakabu.
and ravines carry their blood like a river and gi-gir LAGABX BAD = nar-kab-tum A 1/2:144,
dyed the landscape as red as the illiru plant also Ea I 48, Sb I 128; gi-g[i-ir] [GI§].LAGABX BAD
- ndr-kab-tu Diri II 266; gig.LAGABX BAD MIN
TCL 3 135 (Sar.); mur nisqi ... ina damisunu
(- nar-kab-tum) Hh. V 6; gi-gir LAGABX A§-tenm -
gaps ti isalli diD-is my steeds plunged into nar-kab-tum A 1/2:146, Ea I 49; gi-g[i-ir] GIS.
their streaming blood as into a river OIP 2 LAGABx A§-tend - ndr-kab-tu Diri II 267; gig.
46 vi 7 (Senn.); hisib kibrdti [satti]JammaiD-es LAGABxA§-tend - nar-kab-tum Hh. V 5; gi-gir
LAGAB U = nar-kab-tu A 1/2:147, Ea I 50; gil.
lisahbiba qerebsu may (DN) cause the yield
LAGABXU = nar-kab-tum Hh. V 4; giL.ubur -
of all the world to rush with a murmur like na-ar-kab-tum AO 5401 i 3 (Kagal); gil.mar,
a river in it (the temple) every year Borger gis.[KAK+LI§1, gia.nig.u.gi = nar-kab-tum Hh.
Esarh. 90 § 58 iv 12. V 1-3, cf. ibid. 7-14, see also Hh. Forerunner 2-5,
in MSL 6 36; [nar]-kab-tum (in group with eriqqu,
narittu see naritu. saparru,and [ka-na]-gur-ru,Sum. broken) Antagal
B 9.
naritu (or narittu) s.; (mng. uncert.); gi..gu.za giL.[gigir] = [ku-us-su]-u nar-kab-
tum Hh. IV 85; anAe.giL.gigir = MIN (- i-mer)
OB.*
nar-kab-tum Hh. XIII 363, for other parts of the
65 AB.AL 6 na-ri-tum 6 KU§.RI.RI.GA(!) chariot see Hh. V 15-59 and Hh. Forerunner 7-38,
65 cows, six n., six hides of dead animals in MSL 6 36f.
[e] [DU 6 ].DU = da-pa-nu Ad GI§.GIGIR Diri I 213;
(parallel: 41 AB.AL 2 KUS.RI.RI 41 cows, ti = da-pa-nu Sd GI9.GIGIR, si.ga =- a-ma-du Ad
two hides line 7 and passim in this text) UET 5 MIN, gi-gir(gigir>.Du,.Du = e-lu-u Sd MIN Antagal
836:5. III 35ff.; bal = MIN (= na-qa-ru) Ad GIr.GIGIR
Antagal A 47; [u] [nu.si] = ra-ka-bu Id [GI§.GaII]
Possibly part of an animal, e.g., the sinews. A II/6 iv A 35; gii.gigir.9u.gi = ma-ha-rum Ad
GI§.GIGIR Antagal E c 5.
narittu see naritu. gi-gir LAGABX BAD = Ad MUL.LAGABX BAD dEn-
me-Cdr-ra Ea I 48a.
naritu (narittu) s.; morass, marshland, He dedicated gig.gudun gis.gigir Au.du.a :
(in figurative sense) difficulties, troubles; a ana niri nar-kab-ti iisumu [a ... ] befitting the
OB, SB. yoke of the chariot 4R 12 r. 7f. (Nbk. I); gig.
gigir.zu gu.d6 ur5.ga 4 .bi : nar-kab-ta-ka ana
na-ri-u(var. -(um) = ru-sum-t, na-ri-fu(var. -it) rigim ra-me-me-4a when accompanied by the noise
= fe-ru(var. -ri)-tum Malku II 68f. of your chariot AngimII24; gi9.gigir.an.na.mu
: nar-kab-ti Anitija Angim IV 5, cf. gii.gigir.za.
a) morass, marshland: see lex. section.
gin.na ni.hu gur.r[u.na] ibid. I 51 (= II 1);
b) (in figurative sense) difficulties, [...] har.ra.an giL.gigir.ra : urhi Sumru i uruh
troubles: in broken context: [i]na na-ri-ti- nar-kab-tim BA 5 674 No. 30:13f.
I am a riding donkey, yet I am yoked to a mule
im nadi[dku] I am lying in the morass (and gi8.nig.su.gi me.na.nam : nar-kab-ta a-n[a-
I am beset by tears and weeping) VAS 16 ku(?)] I am(?) a chariot (and yet I carry reeds)
135 r. 4' (OB let.); ittatilina na-ri-it-tukali ina Lambert BWL 242 iii 27 (SB proverb).
rusumdu he lay down in the morass, was e-ri-qu, mar-tur-ru-u= nar-kab-tdi Malku II 198 f.;
x-ru-tu - nar-kab-tu LTBA 2 1 vi 34, and dupl.
detained in the swamp ZA 61 52:52; utbima
2:371.
Jertukka ina na-ri-ti etradsu remove your GIGIR // nar-kab-tu Ebeling Wagenpferde 43
punishment (from him), save him from the Ko 20; u-ur-ha-tum /f nar-kab-[tu] BM 34599 r. 3';
353
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narkabtu la narkabtu la
[nar-kab]-tum // MUL.GOI.OIGIR 1/ dDil-bat // MIN, GIS.GIGIR-tum.MES istu bit nakkamti PN u
GIGIR II nar-kab-tum // [... d1]5 MUL.ME§ // MIN, PN, utesi PN and PN2 had four chariot
GIn // nar-kab-tum Hunger Uruk 27 r. 24f.
teams brought out from the armory HSS 13
1. chariot - a) in gen. - 1' in OAkk.: 276:1; 1 kudukti sipdti ana su-up-pa-a ana
GIS na-ar-kab-tum VAT 16442 ii, cited MAD 3 GIS.GIGIR ana PN nadin ibid. 442:25.
235 (school tablet); GIS.GIGIR HSS 10 203:4, 6,
7' in MA: GIS.GIGI banita sa sarriti sa
RTC 119:2, MAD 1 302:5, see Gelb, RA 50 8.
samddija u 2 sise pesti sa samddijama 1
2' in OA: TiUG istin u Sina kabtiitim ana GIS.GIGIR la samutta ... ana sulmdnika
na-ar-ka-ab-tim etapaS I had a couple of uwebilalku I have sent you as a present a
heavy textiles made for the chariot CCT 3 beautiful royal chariot that I drive myself
20:19; na-ar-ka-db-tdm PN nu)''e nukallimus and two white horses that I also drive myself
ma we showed the natives PN's wagon and (in addition) one unhitched chariot
Matou 4gc: 1 (unpub. OA let.). EA 16:9, 11 (A sur-uballit I); mimma anniu
gimru sa GIS.GIGIm iddan all this, the ex-
3' in OB: summa sabam u GIS.GIGIR atars
radakki at the time when I dispatch men penses for the chariot, he will (re)pay KAJ
122:16; 1 GIS.GIGIR(!) GIBIL sa ekallim
and a chariot to you TCL 1 53:19 (OB let.).
KAJ 310:1, cf. 1 GIS [...] Sa GIS.GIGIR
4' in MB, early NB: alapsu im rsu la rakasi ibid. 9.
... GI.GIGIR la rakasi ina ilki tupsikki mala
8' in NA: does the omen saying, "If
bag uzakkisuniti not to harness his ox or
something passes between the legs of a man"
donkey, nor to hitch a chariot, he (the king)
ina muhhi sa sapla GIS.GIGIR-e tsini (apply
exempted them from any and all corvee and
also) to what comes out from under the
service obligations BBSt. No. 24:37 (Nbk. I);
chariot? ABL 385:9, see Parpola LAS No. 15,
5 GIS.GIGI-ka lu amratma your five chariots
cf. r. 4; isset GIS.GIGIam a issija tallikuni one
should be ready BE 17 33a:6, cf. ina 2 GIS.
chariot which came with me (I abandoned
GIGIR birta sa belija lussur I will guard
in GN) ABL 242:8; I must come on foot la
my lord's fortress with two chariots ibid. 31,
GIS.GIGIR la urdja la mukil appdteja I have
and passim in this let.
no chariot, no team, and no charioteer
5' in Bogh., EA, RS: 1 GIS.GIGIR kaspi Iraq 21 172 No. 72:26, cf. ibid. 18 (let.); they
sarru sa GN anasarri rabiusebilamma the king will fill in (the river) sarru beli ina libbi
of GN had a chariot (plated with?) silver sent GIS.GIGIRa- ina muhhi ettiq the king, my
to the great king KBo 10 1 r. 16 (Hattusili bil.); lord, will be able to cross in his chariot
mar Siprika lim GIS.IGIR.ME uqarribassum ABL 1214:11, see Parpola LAS No. 291; 1 GIs.
your envoy brought one thousand chariots GIGIR ana madarte one chariot for the in-
to him KBo 1 10:42 (let.); ina GIS.GIGIR.HI.A spection ADD 1036 ii 1; three hundred horses
sa me tazzaz you are standing on shaky ground 12 GIS.GIGIR.MES ABL 925 r. 5, cf. UD.23.KAM
(lit. you are standing in chariots of water) ina 2 GI.GIGIR.MES sU I I PN ADD 1092 r. 2,
KBo 1 11 r.(!) 11 (Uru-story), see ZA 44 120; itta= cf. also 1013 r. 14; re-es GIS.GIGIR.MES-ku-nu isa
din GIS.GIGIR.MES-ia ina libbi GIS.GIGIR.MES muster your chariots ABL 340 r. 5; andku
hazannuti EA 1:89 (let. of Amenophis III); TA isset GI§.GIGIm ana Sulme sa sarri allaka
1 GIs.GIGIR 2 sise EA 17:36 (let. of Tusratta); I will come with one chariot to greet the
miSil GIS.GIGIR.MES-ia ina ahi A.AB.BA sakin king ABL 241 r. 17; la ana sise la ana GIs.
u miSil GI[§.GIGIR.ME§]-ia ina irti GN sakinma GIGI[R.ME]S [... ] (the terrain) [is not fit]
(possibly to be read markabtu, q.v.) Ugaritica for horses or chariots Iraq 17 138 No. 19:37.
5 20:18f., and passim in this text; for another
9' in NB: GIS.GIGIRia sarri blija ABL
ref. from RS see markabtu. 1363:17; GI.GIGIR.HI.A [it]-ta-Su TCL 9
6' in Nuzi: x GI9.GIGIR.ME sa PN JEN 128:10 (let.); GI.GIGIR da qt PN (beside GI§.
612:1, also ibid. 3, 5ff., 11, 13, 635:5; 4 simittu BAN sa PN, bow fief of PN 2 ) PBS 2/1 99:8.
354
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narkabtu la narkabtu lb
10' in lit. and omens: sisdka ina GIs. prince will not return from the campaign he
GIGIR lu saruh lasamu the galloping of your goes on CT 31 44 r.(!) ii 3 (SB ext.); whether
horses hitched to the chariot will be splendid the pole or the lance lu mimma husab GI§.
Gilg. VI 20; lusasmidka GIS.GIGIR uqni u GIGIR-ia [iS]sebir or any wooden part of my
hurdsi let me have a chariot of lapis lazuli chariot broke PBS 1/1 12:19; summa GIs.
and gold harnessed for you ibid. 10; GIS. GIGIR imur if he (the exorcist on his way to
GIGIR sindamma ana seri lunsur hitch the a patient) sees a chariot Labat TDP 4:40;
chariot for me so that I can drive to the open evil portended by snakes sa ina GI.GIGIR
country Lambert BWL 144:18 (Dialogue); innamru KAR 388:7 (SB Alu), cf. [summa
summa rubi GIS.GIGI ismidma ina harrdni ... ] ina GIS.GIGIR IGI-[ru] Or. NS 34 124
istu GIS.GIGIR ana pan sise imqut if a prince r. 8 (namburbi); 1 GIS.GIGIR one (tablet
hitches up a chariot and on the road falls from concerning) chariot(s) ADD 943 i 6 (inv. of
the chariot in front of the horses CT 40 36:30 lit. texts).
(SB Alu); summa rubi GIS.GaIGm irkabma ana
imitti GIS.GIGIR imqut if a prince rides a b) for military use - 1' in gen.: ina 100
chariot and falls out on the right side of the GIS.GIGIR.ME [...] arkisunu irtedi he
chariot ibid. 32, and passim in this text; almad pursued them with one hundred chariots
.. rukkub sise GIS.GIGIR sabat asate I Iraq 11 139 No. 10:6; x GIS.GIGIR ... ana girri
learned to ride horses and a chariot and to ... tebat five chariots are on alert for the
hold the reins Streck Asb. 4 i 34; that arsenal campaign (for context see girru mng. 3a-2')
had become too small ana sitmur sise BE 17 33a:22; 20 GIS.GIGIR sa girri PBS 2/2
sitamduh GIS.GIGIR.MES for (the maneuvers 140:26 (all MB); GIS.GIGIR.MES- 1 Sa mat URU
consisting of) horses cantering (and) chariots Abbaja itabak he has led out the chariotry
parading Borger Esarh. 59 v 46; kings sa of the land of GN KBo 10 1:26 (Hattusili bil.);
kima GIS.GIGIR elippa rakbi kum sise sandu the king of Mitanni qadu sabe huradisu GIS.
parrisani who ride a boat instead of a chariot, GIGIR.MES-su ina mat Nuhadi iterub invaded
(and) who harness oarsmen instead of horses GN with his hurddu troops and his chariotry
ibid. 57 iv 83; sarru GI.GaGIR ul irakkab the KBo 1 4 i 5 (treaty); ERIN.MES hapiru u GIS.
king will not ride a chariot (on that day) GIGIR.MES Sakin ina libbi Hapiru men and
4R 32 ii 17, and passim in hemer.; in my dream chariots are stationed there EA 87:21;
Nebuchadnezzar, my royal predecessor u 1-en clothing given out sundu GIS.GIGIR.ME~ ina
LU.GIR.SE.GA ina GIS.GIGIR uzuzzu and one GN tahaza ippusu when the chariotry gave
attendant were standing in a chariot VAB 4 battle in GN HSS 14 523:20, also ibid. 9; ina
278 vi 16 (Nbn.); ana meteq GIS.GIGIR belutija 30 GIs.GIGIR.MES-ia dlikdt idi gamarrija (for
use[pis titurru] I built a (paved) causeway for context see gamarru) AKA 44 ii 65 (Tigl. I);
the passage of my royal chariot OIP 2 154:10 GIS.GIGIR.MES-ka suters&t your chariotry is
(Senn.); itet GIS.GIGIR ina qibitika liddinu readied Tn.-Epic "iii" 26; I left my camp
nimma STT 38:76 (Poor Man of Nippur); ki behind nisiq GIS.GIGIR.MES-ia Sululta lu alqe
GIS.GIGIR ubbuhat epri tahazi like a chariot, and took (only) a (specially) selected third
she is covered with the dust of battle Iraq 31 of my chariotry (with me) AOB 1 118 r. iii 16
29:38 (MA inc.); mdmit qasti u GIS.GIGIR (Shalm. I); GIS.GIGIR.MES da'atu pithallu
Surpu III 27, also VIII 77, cf. mdmit GIS. asarissu issija asseqe (see asarittu) AKA 312
GIGIR sahdpu ibid. III 61; na-ar-ka-ba-at ii 53 (Asn.), also 334 ii 103; sidirtasa GIS.GIGIR.
nakrika tutdr you will repulse your enemy's MES the battle line of the chariotry KAH 2
chariots YOS 10 44:26, 66 (OB ext.), cf. GIS. 71:32 and dupls., see AfO 18 351:50 (Tigl. I);
GIGIR mat nakri GUR-ra CT 28 45 r. 4 (SB ext.), I killed his soldiers GI.GIGIR.ME-i ase' I
also ibid. 14; lu mahds elippi lu GIA.GIGIR destroyed his chariots AKA 357 iii 40 (Asn.);
lu rubu ina harrgn illaku ul itdr either I received as tribute GIo.GIGIR.MER- 9 ma-
destruction of a boat or a chariot, or the 'a-tu KAH 2 84:103 (Adn. II); qereb G~§.
355
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narkabtu lb narkabtu lb
GIGIR.MES-&i-nu umaSeruni z?un (for 2' beside other military units: ana sabika
context see zd A mng. la) OIP 2 47 vi 31 siseka GIS.GIGIR.MES-ka ... lU sulmu KUB 3
(Senn.); GIS.GIGIR.[MES-s4 U GIS.GI]GIR.ME§ 72:6, and passim in letters; gar rmat AsAur ina
mtisu mala bas lidka should he set in motion karaii u GIS.GIGIR.MES the king of Assyria
his chariotry and the chariotry of his country, with (his) expeditionary force and chariotry
as much as there is? Craig ABRT 1 81:4 (tamitu), KBo 1 10:45; summa RN ... istu sabi[u]
cf. (in broken context) [.. .]-si GI.GIGIR. GIS.GIGIR.MES-fu ul inammus KBo 1 4 ii 24;
MEs-tc u kak[kesu .. ] PRT 41:5; GIS.GIGIR. ana scbika ana GIS.GIGIR.HI.A-ka ana siseka
MES-ku-nu ana qinniS lusadilu may they ... lu Sulmu EA 10:6 (MB royal), and passim
cause your chariots to move backward in letters; iphurunim elippdtisunu GIS.
Wiseman Treaties 575; ki ja GIS.GIGIR annitu GIGIR.MES-u-nu sdbi sepesunu ana sabati
adi sasse[Sa] ina dame rahsatuni ki hanne ina URU Surri they assembled their ships, their
qabalnakrikunu GI.GIGIR.MES-ku-nu ina libbi chariotry, and their foot soldiers for the
dame sa raminikunu luSarhisu just as this conquest of Tyre EA 149:62; Aziru GIS.
chariot and its baseboard are spattered with GIGIR.MES-U sabusu ana resutija illa[k]
blood, so may they spatter your chariots in the Aziru, his chariotry (and) his men will come
midst of your enemies with your own blood to my rescue MRS 9 286 RS 19.68:31; he will
ibid. 612 and 614; la ina GIS.GIGIR.MES-a la inspect sbika u GIs.GIGIR.MEs-ka ibid. 192
pithalli neither with my chariotry nor with RS 17.289:9, of. also 96 RS 17.79+374:8',
my cavalry (was the ascent possible) Scheil 151 RS 17.59:7, 14, 285 RS 19.68:23; GIS.GIGIR.
Tn. II 37; sixteen mountains eqla tdba ina MES u ummdnateja (var. qurddeja) luptehhir
GIS.GIGIR.MEv(var. omits .ME)-ia s marsaina I gathered the chariotry and (all) my (other)
aqqullat ere li ahsi where the terrain was troops (var. warriors) AKA 36 i 71 (Tigl. I);
good (I crossed) in my chariots, where it was GIS.GIGIR.MES ummdnateja adki KAH 2 84:51
bad I hacked my way through with bronze (Adn. II), and passim in this phrase in Asn. and
pickaxes AKA 65 iv 66 (Tigl. I); eqel namrasi Shalm. III; GIs.GIGIR.MES ummndte
sa ana meteq GIa.GIGIR.MES U ummandte la usetiq I had the chariotry and the army
aknu AKA 316 ii 63 (Asn.); terrain ana mile cross over (the mountains) 3R 8 ii 42 (Shalm.
oGI.GIGI ... la tabat TCL 3 22 (Sar.), and III); ana gipis G.GIGIR.MES-i-nu umm =
note [eqla td]bu ina libbi GIS.GIGIR eqel nams ndteSunu emqigsunu ittaklu they trusted in
rasi ina sepesu Silpu illik Lie Sar. 447; I rode the sheer number of their chariotry, their army,
horseback where the terrain was difficult and their auxiliary forces AKA 356 iii 35
GI.GIGIR sepea ina tikkdte uSasSi (and) had (Asn.); GIS.GIGIR.MES pithallu LU zcuku Sa
my chariot carried on (the men's) shoulders Ahuni issija asseqe I took with me the
OIP 2 58:21 (Senn.); itti GIS.GIGIR sepeja u chariotry, the cavalry, and the infantry of
pithallija (I marched at top speed) with Ahuni AKA 365 iii 63 (Asn.), cf. WO 2 38:52,
(only) my personal chariot and my special Iraq 24 94:24 (Shalm. III), and passim in similar
cavalry detachment Winckler Sar. pl. 33 No. contexts in Asn., Shalm. III, and Sar., cf. also
70:85, cf. itti iStet GIS.GIGIR sepeja edeniti u 1R 31 iv 44 (Samsi-Adad V); ina GIS.GIGIR
1000 pithallija TCL 3 320 (Sar.); ina tamhdri pithalli meteq ki-mar-fril-ia kima Adad arhis
Lfr nar(?)-ka(?)-ba-tila iqrubas[Su] (the gods I passed destructively (over their meadows)
protected him so that) no man (or?) chariots like a thunderstorm with the chariotry, the
could come close to him in battle ZA 43 18:65 cavalry, and the march of my foot soldiers(?)
(SB lit.); ina GIS.GIGIR tihazia sirti sdpinat TCL 3 + KAH 2 141:230 (Sar.); in the district
zi'iri in my magnificent battle chariot of Sumbi piqitti ummdnija askunma sa sise u
which crushes the enemy OIP 2 44 v 69, GI.GIGIR amura mindSun I mustered my
cf. ibid. 46 vi 7 (Senn.); GIS.GIGIR ME army, checked the number of the horses and
(Sumerogram in Urartian) RA 45 pi. 2 (after chariot(s) ibid. 12; mihrit ummdnija asbatma
p. 16): 15. GI.GIGI pithallu sab tahazi 5likit idija ...
356
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narkabtu Ic narkabtu lh
seruSSa usapriS I myself took the lead at the chariots will enter ibid. 115 r. 12, ildni gabbi
vanguard of my army and had the chariots, U GIS.GIGIR.MES ibid. 2; GIS.GIGIR irakkubu
the cavalry, and my personal troops fly over they ride a chariot (in broken context)
it (the mountain) (like valiant eagles) ibid. 25; Speleers Receuil 308:15 (MA royal rit.), GIS.
sdbe kakki (var. hatti) GIS.GIGIR.MES sis kisir GIGIR rdquteSa with an empty chariot
sarritija ana mihrit sar mat Elamti uma'ir ABL 611:9 (NA); GI.GIGIR Ani Ki.BABBAR
I dispatched the army, the chariotry, (and) GIa.GIGIR Ani Ki.GI the silver chariot of
my royal cavalry against the king of Elam Anu (and) the golden chariot ofAnu RAcc.
OIP 2 87:29, var. from 1R 43:29 (Senn.); GI§. 89:2, of. ibid 102:4ff.; ude Sa GIS.GIGIR Sa
GIGIR sise[. . .] ABL 965:33, GIS.GIGIR.ME SamaS paraphernalia of the chariot of Samai
pithallu ABL 784:22, cf. ABL 1009 r. 18, 20, 26 (in the care of the groom) JTVI 60 132:1 (NB);
(all NA); sabe ekalli sdbe bdb ekalli sabe GIS. GIS.GIGIR sa SamaS CT 22 69:11, 19(NB let.);
GIGIR sabe ep sabe gipSi sdb name sdbe GIS.GIGIR Sa Bunene Nbn. 333:6; (animals
puhri sgdbe Suti ND 5492:2 (tamitu, courtesy W. as offerings to several gods and) mahar
G. Lambert); in the fifth year dar Akkadi dGI.GIGIR VAS 6 32:13, 213:13, wr. dGIGIR
ina matiSu GIS.GIGIR.MES u 8~sUse madutu Moldenke 2 49 r. 20; beer (as offering) ana
iktasar the king of Babylonia stayed in his muhhi GIS.GIGIR BRM 1 94:16 (all NB).
land, he organized his chariotry and cavalry
e) for transportation: ANSE.HI.A GIS.
in great numbers Wiseman Chron. 70 r. 8;
aIGIR-Su ana PN nadnu the donkeys for his
RN GIS.GIGIR.MES zuki ana nerdrute ispur
chariot were given to PN (referring to
Assur-res-isi dispatched chariots and foot
agricultural activities) ARM 10 134:10; kcime
soldiers to (its) aid CT 34 39 ii 10 (Synchron.
GIS.GIGIR.MES-ia ana [naS]e huzzi igammaru
Hist.).
as soon as my chariots are ready to carry the
c) used for hunting: 800 nese ina GIS. huzzi garments EA 41:34.
GIaIR-ia ina pattite usemqit (riding) in my
f) in mythological context: GIS.GIGIR
hunting chariot, I felled eight hundred lions
umu la mahri galittu irkab he mounted the
AKA 86 vi 80 (Tigl. I), also (referring to lions)
chariot, the storm which has no equal, the
KAH 2 84:123 (Adn. II), Scheil Tn. II r. 53,
terrible one En. el. IV 50; ina GIS.GIGIR sa
WO 1 472:43; I killed 390 wild bulls ina GIS.
rakbu (AS§ur) who rides in a chariot OIP 2
GIGIR-ia pattite ina qitrub belitija from my
140:7 (Senn.); Bunene rdkib GIS.GIGom
hunting chariot in heroic combat Iraq 14
VAB 4 260 ii 33 (Nbn.).
34:87 (Asn.).
g) beside other types of chariots or wagons:
d) in cultic and rit. context: teams of
GIS.GIGIR.MES sumbati ... ekimuniiti I took
mules and horses shall come down here for
chariots and wagons away from them
the akitu festival GIS.GIGIR.HI.A u enut 8sse
OIP 2 89:49, cf. GIS.GIGIR.ME sumbi ibid. 43
[l]u uddusu and the chariots as well as the
v 42 (Senn.); GIS.GIGIR.MES sumbi sise pare
harness of the horses shall be newly made
... ikSuda qdtdja ibid. 56:7; GIS.GIGIR sise
ARM 1 50:14; summa sisti] a GIS.GIGIR iii
sumbi alp lu amhursu KAH 2 84:110 (Adn. II);
iskil if the horse of a god's chariot goes
for other refs. see attartu and sumbu, see also
lame(?) CT 40 37:81 (SB Alu); [GIS].TUKUL
Salonen Landfahrzeuge 28ff.
kIcidu ina GIS.GIGIR Asur saknu (see kadidu)
OIP 2 142 r. 1 (Senn.); GIS.GIGIR dar ili sirtu h) type, equipment, etc.: GIS.GIGIR qalla
the excellent chariot of the king of the gods i[na]ddinaSu JEN 494:7, 12; 2 GIS.GIGIR
Streck Asb. 300 iv 12, also 148 x 32; kakki qallatu 2 GIS.GIGam rabitu two light chariots,
samSdti u GI.GIGIR.MES itebbinimma the two large chariots PBS 2/2 63:3f., also 81:2ff.;
standards, the sun disk symbols, and the 33 GIS.GIGIR.MES 8a mact N[igimti] AOB 1
chariots will start out RAce. 90:19, of. 100:6; 52:10 (Arik-den-ili); GIS.GIGIR sa Elamti Ja
the gods and GIS.GIGIm.MES irrubu the kussnla ja'nu Elamite chariot without seat
357
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narkabtu li narkabtu 2
KAR 307:24; for other refs. see Salonen Land- j) materials used for construction and
fahrzeuge 46ff.; ana maskandtiSa sirijamsa 20 maintenance: 2 IS.GIGIGI .ME s a Sussuki
GIS.GIGIR sa girri (hides) for the storehouses hurdsi uhhuzu two chariots made of sassugu
for the coats of mail to (equip) twenty war wood overlaid with gold EA 14 ii 15 and 16;
chariots PBS 2/2 140:25 (MB), cf. GIS.GIGIR. 5 GIS.GIGIR.MES GIS.MES EA9:37; 3 MA.NA
MES sariam KBo 1 3:32, of. HSS 15 82:12, 16; aban gabiu ana sipar GIa.GIGIR ... ana PN
1 GIS.GIGIR a su-du-u JEN 554:1, for other asAkpi tadin three minas of alum given to
Nuzi refs. see mazzakushu, rubu'itu, simittu PN, the tanner, for work on the chariot
mng. 2a, SeSSdtu, tumndtu; I GIS.GIGIR adi KAJ 223:2 (MA); (metals, alum, and other
ti'utisa ki 100 KU.BABBAR one chariot with materials) ana multesirte [...] Sa GI.GGIR
its (full) equipment for one hundred (shekels mahir KAJ 130:16 (MA); GIS.GIGIR siparri
of) silver BBSt. No. 7 i 15; tille GIS.GIGIR namri Borger Esarh. 95 r. 14; hides ana dullu
trappings of the chariot PBS 2/2 54:1, sa [... ] GIS.GIGIR Nbn. 1000:5; four pieces of
18 (MB); 1 isputu Sa pani GIS.GIGIR 50 linen ana GIS.GIGIR Nbn. 1121:7; bronze for
KAK.A..TAG.GA.ME§ one quiver with fifty the smith sa dullu ina muhhi GIS.GIGIR ipus
arrows for the front of the chariot KAJ 310:52 Nbn. 86:4; nar-kab-tu hiurdsi (in broken
(MA); GI.GlGR(var. adds .MES)-s4 rakissu context) AfO 18 383 i 18 (SB lit.); red-purple
sise simdat nirisu his fully-equipped chariots, wool Sa GIS.GIGIR.ME UCP 9 85 No. 12:7, cf.
his horses trained to the harness AKA 284 i ibid. 4 (NB adm.), for other refs. see Salonen
86 (Asn.), cf. 40 GIs.GIGIR.MES rakissu AKA Landfahrzeuge 137-152.
237 r. 38 (Asn.), of. also CT 34 39 ii 12 (Synchron.
Hist.), for other refs. see samadu mng. Ic, k) personnel assigned to chariots: istu
simdu A mng. 2, and simittu mngs. 2a and 3; qgti LU.PA GIS.GIGIR u hazanni zaki MRS 6 84
(among tribute) GIS.GIGIR ebbetu AKA 367 RS 16.157:22, 86 RS 16.250:17; Lt.PA GIS.
iii 68 (Asn.); [...] IS.GI.GIR sa akulte KAJ GIGIR la uma'ir eli PN u mdreunu the
124:3 (MA); GI.GIGIR Ja ekalli (in broken overseer of the chariot(s) was not supposed
context) ABL 306 r. 10, 1122:14 (both NA); to give orders to PN and his sons ibid. 81 RS
GIS.GIGIR GIA a Jadddi state carriage 16.239:31; rations for ERIN GIS.GIGIR.HI.A u
Streck Asb. 52 vi 22, and passim in Asb.; 6 GI. ERIN GiR CT 45 48:30, 54:2; PN RA.GABA GIS.
GIGIR.MES 1 unutu 11 urat Iraq 17 136 No. 17:10 GIGIR (father of a witness) VAS 18 1:49 (OB);
(NA let.); for other refs. see Salonen Land- 11 LT.MES annd ra-kib GIS.GIGIR HSS 15 61:9;
fahrzeuge 125-131. 6 LTj.ME sa ra-kibGIS.GIGIR.MES RA 28 38 No.
7:6, also HSS 15 44:13-15 (all Nuzi); PN da
i) parts of the chariot: 2 GIS.APIN s8 GIS.GIRm (among mariannu's) WO 5 60 No.
1:61 and 65, cf. PN GIS.GIGIR NTU TUK ibid.
GIS.GIGIR ARM 19 458:2 (early OB); three
minas of wool ana G0.H1AS.MES sd GIS.GIGIR 62ff., of. also ibid. No. 2:15ff., and passim in these
lists; for E(.ME§) sa GIS.GIGIR in Alalakh see
for guhassu's for the chariot PBS 2/2 139:3;
Dietrich and Loretz, ZA 60 115; Lt rab mu-gi
x minas of copper sikkatu GIS.GIGIR SUL.GI
BE 14 124:10, cf. GIS.GIGIR SUL.GI.GI PBS 2/2
Sa GIS.GIGIR ADD 1036 iii 15; LU.ERIN.MES
81:7 (all MB); 1 kasirnu Sa GI.GIGIR (see Sa GIS.GIGIR Dar. 154:2, also Iraq 23 42 ND
2657:1; for other occs. see mugirru in sa
kasirnu) AASOR 16 9:10, 13 (Nuzi), see also
araziqqu, masaddu, padattu; for other refs. mugirri, narkabtu in bel narkabti.
see Salonen Landfahrzeuge 81-136; for lex. refs. 1) in the names of diseases: bee diksu
from Hh. V 17-58 see askuppu, bubtu B, mng. la-2', nihis narkabti.
gabagallu, girigubbu, halmadru, kabbillu, kuss
sd, laharnuku, littu B, magarru, marhasu, 2. the constellation Auriga: summa Sin
manzdzu, napsaqu, niru A, garnu, sassu, ina MN aI.GIGIR
rakib if the moon "rides"
imittu, ahargI, iku, uttinnu, uhhurtu, the constellation Auriga in MN Thompson
uppu, zard A, zibbatu. Rep. 49:1, also BM 134783 catch line; Jupiter
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narkabtu 2 narkabtu
sapla MUL.GIS.GIGIR ...izzaz stays under the b) in NA: kunuk PN EN.OIS.oIGIR bel kirt
constellation Auriga ABL 744 r. 9, see Parpola seal of PN, the charioteer, owner of the
LAS No. 290; ana MUL.GIS.GIGIR lu igrim pis orchard (sold) ADD 364:1; LI5.EN.GI.GIGIR
saru uktatallama even if it retained (the (witness) ADD 525 r. 5, 472 r. 10, 632 r. 6f.; PN
course) to Auriga, the pertinent interpretation LU.EN.GI§.GIGIR (classified among officials
would hold true ibid. r. 11; AN.MI ina MtL. entitled to seats together with LU saknu, LU
GIGIR GAR-ma (if the [... ] star is eclipsed) sand, mukil appdti) ADD 860 i 22, 27, also
that means there will be an eclipse in Auriga ibid. i 11, ii 21, iii 6, 17, and (in similar context)
TCL 6 18:19; MUL.GIS.GIGIR (in broken con- ADD 857 i 16, ii 12, 23, iii 35, 37, 40, 43, see
text) K.2241+ :15, Sm. 473:3', K.7621: 12; MUL. Kinnier Wilson Wine Lists p. 101 f.; [muark]is
GI.GIGIR (among constellations) AnBi 12 su EN.GIS.GIGIR ibid. pl. 21 ND 10057:13, cf.
283:16 (SB prayer to the gods of the night); TU. EN.GIS.GIGIR.ME§ urad ekalli ibid. r. 3, also ibid.
KUR4 .MUEN MUL.GIS.GIGIR LKU 45:10 (myth- pl. 18 r. I f.; LU.EN~.GIS.GIGIR.ME§ LU[GAL(?)]
ological comm.); arkisu MUL.GI.GIGIR GIS. ABL 567:13, 10 LU.EN.GIS.[GIGIR1.[ME§] 21
GIGIR-u [...] (and) behind him the constel- LU.ERiN [. .. ] ibid. r. 1.
lation Auriga, its chariot RAce. 102 iii 4 (=
For LI.GI.GIGIR see mugirru in a mugirri.
KAR 132); note MUL.GIGIR // dDil-bat Hunger
Uruk 28 r. 9, and see Hunger Uruk 27 r. 24f., Salonen Hippologica 209ff.; Kinnier Wilson
Wine Lists 50ff.
in lex. section.
For Mari refs. to GIS.GIGIm see nubalu. In narkabtu in bit narkabti s.; 1. (part
NA (possibly also in MA, Nuzi, Alalakh) the of a chariot), 2. chariot fief, i.e., land
reading of the logogram GIS.GIGIR may be granted by the king which carries the ob-
mugirru, see naggdru usage b-3'. ligation to do military service in the chariotry,
3. royal service as charioteer; OB, Mari, NB;
narkabtu in bel narkabti (or bl mugirri) wr. a GIS.GGo ; cf. rakdbu.
s.; man who fights in or provides a chariot, gi..6.gigir - E nar-kab-ti (var. bi-tu MIN) Hh.
charioteer, person who fights from a chariot; V 15.
SB, NA; wr. (LTT.)EN.GI.GmIGI; cf. rakbu. 1. (part of a chariot): see lex. section; as
LU.Ia.GIGIR, Lt.EN.GI§.GIGIR Bab. 7 pl. 6 v 11, geogr. name: barley sa URU.KI GIS.GIGBIR
see MSL 12 240. PSBA 39 pl. 7:1 (OB); barley su GUR 7 si E GIS.
GIGIR.RA ARM 19 254:3f.
a) in hist.: ina mehe tShaziSunu etlu EN.
GIS.GIGIR ul ippallasa sand a ittis in the2. chariot fief, i.e., land granted by the king
heat of battle the warrior riding the chariot which carries the obligation to do military
cannot see the companion who is (in the service in the chariotry: x gur of dates da
chariot) with him BBSt. No. 6 i 34 (Nbk. I); ze ri zaqpu a aGI.GIGIR ina kisdd GN from
idten LI.EN.GIS.GIGIR 2 LU a pithalli 3 kalU the planted land of the "chariot fief," along
lapdni deku one chariot fighter, two caval- the bank of the GN canal PBS 2/1 209:2;
rymen, and three members of the light troops kaspu da ana dullu da Sarri [... ] anal muhhi
were killed TCL 3 426 (Sar.), also Borger E GI .IGIR s a gipi
Ezida nadnu the silver
Esarh. 107 iv 25; LIJ.EN.GIS.GIGIR.ME§ U mare which was given for royal assignments on
sarri Musuraja adi LT.EN.GI.GIGIR.ME da behalf of the "chariot fief" of the commissioner
sar Meluhha baltiissun ina qabal tamhdri of Ezida VAS 6 155:7; silver owed by PN LT
ikSuda qdtdja in the midst of the battle I rab gasti sa GIs.GIGIRm a PN, qipi Ezida the
captured alive the Egyptian chariot fighters commander of the archers of the "chariot fief"
and princes as well as the chariot fighters of PN,, the commissioner of Ezida ibid. 3;
of the king of Meluhha OIP 2 32 iii 3f., also [...]-ab E GIa.GIGIr a-[...] (in broken con-
69:24 (Senn.); LtJ.EN.GIS.GIGIR.MES U [...] text) Dar. 343:6; ina eqlti ga Bel Nab42 Nergal
(in broken context) Rost Tigl. III p. 34:197. Sama LU.GAL.ME§ i GIA.GIGIR [... ] Dar. 9:2;
359
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narkabu narmaktu
itti saedbe a A Gid.GIGIR-ia la tadabbub do not 28 claw-shaped ornaments of pappardil2
quarrel with the men from my "chariot fief" stone 48 nar-ku-m[u] (and) 48 n.-ornaments
CT 22 74:32; PN LIT aknu saa GIS.GIGIR AfO 18 304 ii 21 (MA inv.).
BE 10 91:8 and 12.
narmaktu s.; 1. washbowl, washbasin,
3. royal service as charioteer (NB): put
2. (ritual or medical) bath; EA, MA, SB,
... la arad-sarrutula bit sist u la E GIS.GIGIR
NA; pl. narmakatu; cf. ramdku.
(for context and translat. see arad-Sarritu
usage b) BRM 2 2:15, also ibid. 10:12, VAS DAG+KIIM5 XLA - nar-ma-ak-tu Antagal F 159.
15 3:14 (all Sel.), PBS 2/1 65:14 (Dar.), VAS
1. washbowl, washbasin: 1 na-ar-ma-ak-
5 128:11 (Artaxerxes?), wr. la LXr.].GIS.GIGIR
tum qadu naktamisu a siparri one washbasin
BRM 2 25:13 (Sel.), Ltr.I.GIGIR TuM 2-3 289:12.
together with its lid, (both) made of bronze
Cardascia MuraAis 8 n. 7. EA 22 iv 17 (list of gifts of Tusratta); 1 [nal-ar-
ma-akl-tu siparri EA 13 r. 17, also EA 25 iv 56;
narkabu (naSkabu) s.; muller, upper stone
1 nar-ma-ak-tum (in list of bronze vessels)
of a hand mill; OB, MB, Nuzi, MA, NB;
KAJ 303:1 (MA); haridte siparrinar-ma-ka-te
often wr. with det. NA4 ; cf. rakabu.
siparri (among booty) AKA 366 iii 66 (Asn.),
1 NA4 .AR zi-bi qadum na-ar-ka-bi-Su
also nar-ma-ak-tu siparri Scheil Tn. II 72;
TCL 10 116:12, also CT 52 172:7, 173:16; 1 NA4 . ncr-ma-ka-a-te eri TCL 3 362, 395 (Sar.); nar-
HAR.AR (= er4) qadu na-ar-ka-bu one ma-ak-tu(var. -ti) Sarruti (among objects
grinding stone together with (its) muller given to Suturnahunte by Merodachbaladan)
CT 4 30a:4; 2 na-ar-ka-bu UCP 10 110 No. Lie Sar. 367; bit PN i nar-ma-ak-t s a hurdsu
35:15, and (among mills) 1 x x na-ar-ka-bi- sabbutatuni bilani bring PN's property and
Su-nu (in dowry list) YOS 13 91:11; ana the washbasin which is inlaid with gold
ahi na-ar-ka-bi-im tablamma bring (the ABL 1203 r. 3 (NA); me ... a arru iddYu
barley) to the muller's side(?) CT 52 171:14; kajamdnu ina fnarl-ma-ak-te imassini lu la
obscure: half a shekel of silver, PN's share sarhu the water with which the king regularly
u 1 na-ar-ka-bu CT 6 21a:ll (all OB); 1 NA 4 washes his hands in the washbowl must not
na-ar-ka-bu Peiser Urkunden 96 r. 3; maskanu be too hot ABL 110 r. 9, see Parpola LAS No.
1 erd na-ar-kab-[su(?)] jdnu ibid. p. 33 VAT 255; PN and PN2 illuku i-nar-ma-ak-te a zu-
4920:16 (MB); 1 eri qadu na-ar-qa-bi-su HSS qa-ri itammiu will go and take an oath by
15 153:7, also 167:27 (- RA 36 140:28, both the washbasin of .... Postgate Taxation 404
Nuzi); 2 ere a zipi adi nar-ke-[b]e-§i-na two ND 9901:3; 1 nar-ma-ak-tu ert K.516:11
.... grinding stones together with their (unpub. NA let.), cited Deller, Or. NS 35 208.
mullers KAJ 123:3, cf. 3 NA4.HAR.MES adi
NA4 nr-ka-bi-i-Su.ME VAS 19 30:16, also 2. (ritual or medical) bath: seven medi-
NA4 nar-ku-bu (heading of list) ibid. 1 (both cations as nar-ma-ak-tu mamiti (for) a
MA); iStet er d u NA4 nar-ka-bu VAS 6 246: 15; bath to counteract the "oath" Kocher BAM
NA4 eri adi na-d-ka-b[i] 1882-9-18,3903 (both 156:18; napSalt[i u n]ar-ma-ak-ti ointment
NB); NA4 er NA4 na-dA-ka-bu Camb. 223:2; and bath ibid. 244:39, 276:3; summa amelu
put la hipi <eri> u na-ds-ka-bi PN nasi PN mukil res lemutti isbassu masqgta nar-ma-ak-
guarantees that the grinding stone and the t[a...] if an evil demon seizes a man, [... ]
muller will not break Evetts Ner. 45:9, cf. potion and bath AMT 83,2 ii 8; annitu nar-
erd §a hasimur u na-dc-ka-bi ibid. 1. ma-ak-tu a GN(?) STT 230:15, of. ibid. r. 36,
wr. nar-ma-akc-ti STT 240:5.
Salonen Hausgerate 1 52f.
Salonen Hausgerate 1 91 f.
*narkamu see narkumu.
narkumu (or *narkamu) s.; (an ornament); narmaktu in bit narmakti s.; bath-
MA.* house; Bogh.; cf. ramdku.
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narmaku narpastu
Silver caldrons sa bit na-a[r]-ma-ak-ti irumma she entered the bathing place
ihteppisuniti from the bathhouse he smashed STT 28 ii 45 and iii 60 (Nergal and Erelkigal), but
KBo 1 3:5, cf. uniite [Sa] fil na-ar-ma-ak-ti9a [ana E nar-ma-kil ibid. iv 5 and 34, see Gurney,
kaspi ibid. 34. AnSt 10 119f.; in the name of a canal: ID
Na-ar-ma-kum YOS 8 108:2, and case 3 (OB).
narmaku s.; 1. (metal) vessel used to pour
water over a person when taking a bath, 3. (ritual) bathing (only in the names of
2. bathing place, bathtub, 3. (ritual) bathing the second and third months in OA) -
(OA only); OA, OB, Nuzi, SB, NB; wr. syll. a) Narmak AASur: ina Na-ar-ma-ak Aur
and DTG.US.SA; cf. ramaku. in the month The (ritual) Bathing of (the
image of) A99ur RA 59 169 MAH 19607:29,
dug.gur.duo0 .6s.sa na-ar-ma-[ku] Hh. X
256; dug.dulo.6s.sa = nar-ma-ku (in group with HUCA 39 12 L29-559:4, ITI.1.KAM Na-ar-ma-
narmaktu, namharu) Antagal F 158; DYGdu.Us. sa ak Alsur ICK 1 118:5, cf. ICK 2 205:1.
- [nar-ma]-ku Nabnitu XXIII 287; [d]u 10o.fs1.
sa = [nal-ar-ma-kum(text -DI) Nigga Bil. B 274. b) with qualification sa kinatim for the
gii.st+A.duo.ds.sa = MIN (= li-it-tum) nar- second or §a sarratim for the third month:
ma-ki Hh. IV 130; [gin ... ] = MIN (= kan-nu) d rr Na-ar-ma-ka-A-suir a kinatim ICK 1
DtG.ftS.SA Nabnitu XXII 61.
23a:88 = 23b:6, 186:15, ICK 2 62:7; ITI.KAM
pu.duxo.us.sa.a.ta (var. pu.ta.xI.TE.sa.ta)
mu.un.da.an.girg.e.ne : Sa ina birti ndr-ma-ki Na-ar-ma-ak AsSur §a sarratim (unpub.), cited
(var. nar-ma-ku)ihalluba (var. ihallup) (the demon) ArOr 11 38 and n. 1.
that slips in through the drain hole of the bath
KAR 46:25f. and dupls., vars. from CT 14 13 BM The refs. cited mng. 2 designate a basin
91010:5f., cf. pu.du 10 .us.sa.ta nam.<mu.un. or an emplacement for it, such as the raised
da.ku4 .ku 4 .de> : [ina] buirti nar-ma-ki MIN (= la brick platforms, found in excavations, which
terrubsu) ASKT p. 92-93 iii 35 and dupls., see were supports for bitumen-coated basins.
Borger, AOAT 1 10:180.
Laessee Bit Rimki 9f.; Salonen Hausgerate 1 92.
1. (metal) vessel used to pour water over Ad mng. 3: Hirsch Untersuchungen 54 n. 281;
a person when taking a bath: ina iimisuma Matous, ArOr 46 218 n. 6.
1 namhar siparri 1 nar-ma-ak siparri sa
kisitti u maddatte sa Katmuhi ana Assur ... narmfi s.; dwelling place; OB, SB; cf.
aqiS at that time I gave as a present to Agsur ram A v.
one copper caldron and one copper n. from At Babylon URU na-ar-me-su bit sutumme
the spoils and tribute of GN AKA 44 ii 58; ... epus the city where he dwells, I built a
60 ruqqi ere nar-ma-ak [siparri] u namhar storehouse (for Enlil) LIH 59:21 (NB copy of
siparri rabiti sixty copper kettles, a bronze inscr. of Hammurapi); I adorned Borsippa
n., and large bronze caldrons ibid. 43 ii 49f.; vURna-ar-mi-8u (var. na-ra-am-su) the city
180 ruqqi ere 5 nar-ma-ak siparri ibid. 41 ii 30 where he (Marduk) dwells VAB 4 126 iii 36
(all Tigl. I); 1 huppatru sa na-ar-ma-ki sa (Nbk.); dlu na-ar-mi-Su (Larsa) the city
siparri HSS 15 130:60(Nuzi); 4 MA.NA 9 GIN where he (Samag) dwells VAB 4 236 i 33 (Nbn.);
Ki.BABBAR Simi nar-ma-ku sa siparri (pos- anna Babili ubat na-dr-me-ku-un (vars. nar-
sibly to mng. 2) Camb. 153:1. mi-ku-un, na-ra-mi-ku-un) yes, Babylon is
2. bathing place, bathtub built into a your dwelling place En. el. VI 72.
room of a house: summa kulbbii ina bit The occurrences of narmd may have been
ameli ina DITG.US.SA innamru if ants appear understood by the NB scribes as byforms of
in the bathtub in a man's house Boissier DA nardmu, as suggested by the variants to
2:16 and dupl. KAR 376 r. 15; NAM.BIR.BI . .. En. el. VI 72 and VAB 4 126 iii 36.
kuarti bi~rti u DIGa.Is.sA sa bit amli exor-
cistic ritual in connection with the repair of narpastu in §a narpasti (Aa narpadti)s.;
a well or bathtub in a man's house CT 38 23 man working with a threshing instrument;
r. 8, see Or. NS 40 150:26; [A]i ana nar-ma-ki OB lex.*; cf. rapdsu.
361
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narpasu nartu
lu.Se.giS.ra =- a [na-ar-pa-d.1-t[im] OB Lu A *narratu see nardtu.
204.
narru s.; wrongdoer, criminal; syn. list.*
narpasu s.; shovel, hoe with a wide blade; na-ar-rusa-a-ru Malku I 88.
SB; wr. GIS.MAR.SE.RA.AH; cf. rapdsu.
giS.se.ra.ah, gi8.Su.e.ra.ah - na-ar-pa-su narrubu see nerubu.
Hh. V 196f.; gi8.8e.rah(var. .ra.ah), giL.8u.
se.rah(var. . ra.ah) - nar(!)-pa(!)-su Hh. VII B nargiddu see narsindu.
35f.; gii.mar.se.ra.ah = na-ar-pa-su Nabnitu
XXI 124. nar§indatu see nardindu.
gis.al.tag = nar-pa-su (var. narbaqu) Hh. VII
A 164. nar~indu (narsiddu, fem. narsindatu, nar:
sinnatu) s.; sorcerer, sorceress; SB.
a) used for digging: KA.iD [ina] [ba-lu]
[GIS].MAR 2 GIS.MAR.SE.RA.AH ana ramanisu d. X.
DU.D.de = ndr-Si-du (var. [nar-.in-du)
Igituh short version 269.
ippetima usarda me nuhsi the outlet of the
river opened by itself without the help of a) narSindu: nar-Sin-du-u.MEs lipusuki
spade or shovel and let through an abundant may the n.-sorcerers bewitch you (between
supply of water OIP 2 81:30 (Senn.); see also essep4 and mulahhbi) Maqlu VII 98, cf. lu
Nabnitu XXI, in lex. section. nar-sin-du-u lu muslahhu ibid. IV 84.
b) used in the threshing process: see b) narsindatu: nar-sin(var. -sim)-da-tum
Hh. V 196f. and Hh. VII B 35f., in lex. section. ... sa ana epslga u ruhiga la usarru mamma
narpaStu see narpastu in sa narpasti.

- n. against whose sorcery and witchcraft
nobody can succeed Maqlu III 41; ummu
epistija nar-gin-da-tum the mother of the
narpasu see narpasu. one who bewitched me is a n. Maqlu VI 22,
kagdptu nar-gin-na-at (var. nar-gin-da-at)
narpaSf (narpasu) s.; (mng. unkn.); SB.
the witch is a n. (in enumeration of different
a) in protases of ext.: if the intestines kinds of witches) Maqlu IV 125, var. from AfO
ina min&tisunu nar-pa-Sd-a ubllni due to 21 76, cf. epilti qumqummatu kasdptu nar-
their number bring n. CT 20 46 ii 57 and dupl. sin-da-ti sa iml4 (var. ilqu) nr-a-a ina nari
Boissier DA 231 r. 36; nar-pa-dacJAR sa imitti the witch is a .... , the sorceress is a n. who
the right n. of the lung KAR 444 top line (lung took clay from the river for (a figurine) of
model in tablet form). me Speleers Recueil 312:6, var. from AMT 32,1
r. 14.
b) in apod.: miqitti ummani ina nar-pa-
se-e defeat of the army in n. TCL 6 4:14, narSinnatu see narindu.
also ibid. 16.
nargitu s.; (a ditch); syn. list.*
von Soden, Or. NS 22 259 n. 1.
na-ar-i-tu = a-tap-pu Malku VIII 139.
narqltu A s.; remoteness; SB*; cf. raqg.
nartu s.; river, canal; OB, MA, NA royal;
ina Sahate nar-qit libbisunu qurddija ekdite wr. syll. and iD with phon. complement;
kima bibbi u.bi" I had my fierce warriors cf. ndru A.
pass through (the mountains') remote re-
cesses like mountain sheep TCL 3 255 (Sar.). a) in OB: summa adini me ana na-ar-tim
la i if he has not yet let water into the
:appak
narqitu B s.; perfume; SB*; cf. ruqq. canal (in broken context) VAS 16 173:16 (OB
let.).
nar-qi-ti i.GI.DTGr.GAt muhhadunu ua.qi
I drenched their heads with a perfume of b) in MA adm.: 0IS hurdtu annatu sa ina
sweet-smelling oil OECT 1 pl. 27 iii 29 (Nbn.). na-ar-te uhalliquni this ladder which he had
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nartu nartu
ruined in a canal (he will replace within one 119 r.3'; 12 women NAR.TUR.ME§ young
month) KAJ 128:12; ana mahlise siparri §a musicians RA 50 69 ii 24, cf. SAL.NAR.MES
iD-te ana epdSe (copper) to make bronze TUR.TUR ibid. 71 r. iii 27, cf. 70 r. iv 4; oil ana
(pegs and) chisels for the canal KAJ 178:10; SAL.ME NAR for the women musicians
tihi na-ar-te (field) along a canal KAJ 13:17; RA 64 37 No. 29:7; rations for 90 SAL.NAR
naphar 9 [oAN A.iA] meruse ID.TA.AM in all, i-se-tum ninety new(?) female musicians
nine iku of arable land, each along the ARM 7 206 r. 3; two gur of barley ana
canal ibid. 22. sagikarem Goi PN SAL.NAR for voluntary
offerings, the responsibility of PN, the woman
c) in MA, NA royal inscrs. (Adn. I, Asn.,
musician JCS 2 90 No. 18:4 (OB).
Tigl.III, and Sar.): a kisirti .a pi na-ar-ti
(var. nD-ti) sa ekalldti (this inscription is) b) in MB: for na-'-ra-ti BE 17 31:3, 32:4,
from the embankment at the mouth of the 33:4, PBS 1/271:4, see ndru usage c-4';
palaces' canal AOB 1 104 No. 22:4 (Adn. I); SAL.NAR.MES (in ration list) PBS 2/2 133:3
[damJe]unu ID GN iD-tu kima nabasi and 37.
[asrup] Rost Tigl. III p. 66:48; ID-tu issu
Zaba elite ahrd I dug a canal from the c) in Nuzi: SAL.ME nu-a-ra-ti a mat
Upper Zab River AKA 387 iii 135, also Akkadi HSS 13 199:3, HSS 14 502:22; [SAL.
AKA 185 r. 13, 245 v 5, Iraq 14 41:36 (allAsn.); MES] nu-a-ra-du sa mat Halimgalbat HSS 14
ekalla ... inaahi nar-ti [ibni] he built a palace 502:9, also HSS 13 199:10; 2 SAL nu-a-ru §a
on the bank of a river TCL 3 + KAH 2 GN HSS 15 42:24; babu 9a bit nu-a-ra-t[i]
141:211; ID GN iD-tum birisunu adi 26.AM the door of the house of the female musicians
ebirma 26 times I crossed the GN River HSS 15 149:4, 12; ipriSunu sa 18 SAL.ME nu-
between them ibid. 17, iD GN iD-t[um] etebir a-ra-ti rations for 18 musicians HSS 16 72:3,
ibid. 79; nisd fD-ti eliti u sapliti ... ibbalkitu also, wr. LT.MES nu-a-ra-du ibid. 31:12; x
ittija the people from the upper and lower zijandtu garments ana na-ra-tum sa [URU
river had rebelled against me Lie Sar. 109, cf. GN] HSS 13 123:38 (= RA 36 200f.); 11 SAL.
ibid. 98 and 112; ana GN duri sa ina muhhi MES esretu nu-a-ra-ti.ME sa GN eleven
iD-ti sa GN 2 ... aqtirib I approached GN, a harem women, musicians, from GN SMN
fortress situated above the river of GN 2 2731:19; 1 KI.MIN (= pasmru) ana nu-a-ra-ti
TCL 3 37; PN PN 2 PN LT.EN.URU.MES-ni Sa HSS 14 98:8.
3
iD-ti PN, PN 2, and PN3 , the city rulers of (the d) in royal inscrs.: SAL.NAR.MES ...
region along) the river ibid. 42 (all Sar.).
maddattuu amhursu I received female
musicians as tribute from him AKA 369 iii 76
nArtu (nudrtu, na'ratu) s.; female musician; (Asn.); for refs. beside ndru in royal inscrs.
OB, Mari, MB, Nuzi, SB, NA, NB; Sum. (Tigl. III, Senn., Asb.) see ndru usage a-1'.
lw. (); wr. syll. and SAL.NAR; cf. ndru, ndrutu.
SAL.na-arNAR, SAL.n[a-a]r[NA]R.RA - na-ar-[tu] Lu e) in NA: 61 SAL.NAR.[MES] (adding up
III ii 18f. Aramean, Hittite, and Tyrian musicians)
ADD 827+914 edge 2, see Landsberger, Baum-
a) in OB, Mari: tPN SAL.NAR ana simim
gartner AV 203; SAL.NAR.ME§ (beside abaraks
illik the musician rPN had died ARM 10 2:6;
kdtu) ADD 828:7; LU.U§.KU(!).MES LU.NAR.
sasqi ana SI.LA SAL.NAR.MES (nine silas of)
MES SAL.NAR.MES ADD 757:7; SAL.NAR.MES
sasqi flour as rations for the female musicians
KUR [GN] Kinnier Wilson Wine Lists pl. 18
ARMT 12 6:3, 11:3; a$um SAL.NAR a Z[ris
r. 6f., p. 149 No. 21:5f.
jika] as for the woman musician whom
they requested from you ARM 1 83:12; 2 SAL. f) in NB: mdratka SAL.NAR bi innamma
NAR.MES PN u SAL.ME-u-nu ahune ibadsse lu a.sati .i give me your daughter, the
(see ahung usage b) ARM 1 8:35; 2 SAL.NAR musician, that she may be my wife Strass-
adduretim two Assyrian musicians ARM 2 maier Liverpool 8:5, cf. mdrassuL1'.NAR ibid. 9,
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nartabtu narf A
cf. also SAL.NAR-ti sahirti sa PN sa ina panika nartabu see nardabbu.
bi inna UET 4 27:2, also VAS 6 95:5, 7; PN
marassu SAL.NAR-tum ana asiitu ana PN2 na'ru see naru s.
taddin 'PN gave her daughter, the musician,
to PN2 as wife VAS 6 61:3; 35 zi-tim 2 SAL. narf A (naru'd'u) s.; 1. stone monument
NAR.MES 35 persons, two female musicians inscribed with laws and regulations, 2.
(followed by numbers of animals) ABL 511:11. boundary stone, 3. memorial monument set
up by a king; from OA, OB on; Sum. lw.;
See naru discussion section. wr. syll. and NA 4 .NA.RTJ.A, NA 4.R.U.A (NA
BE 1 83 ii 21, NAR Tigl. III Stela II B 29).
nartabtu s.; container for beerwort(?);
OAkk.*; cf. ratabu. na.rd.a = [na]-ru-[u] Erimhus VI 66; na 4 .na.
rd.a = na-ru-u Hh. XVI RS Recension 243 var.;
1 na-ar-[t]ab-tum PN MDP 14 8:7 (list of
na 4 .na.rd.a = na-ru-u(var. - a)
= a-su-mit-t
objects). Hg. B IV 132 and dupl., in MSL 10 34; gii.na 4 .
na.rd.a = is-si na-re-e Hh. IV 54.
nartabu A s.; beerwort; SB; wr. syll. and [me].e.hu.fur1 na.di.a ki.su.su.sa.mu ki
sUN; cf. ratabu. ib.zi.im.e.li.ia : [A]a usurdt na-ri-ia adar ussaru
upadatu whoever effaces the drawings on my stela
su-un stN = nar-fa-bu Sb II 337; s dn = nar-fa- from where I have engraved them TIM 9 35:12ff.,
bu Hh. XXIII iii 15', for varieties see ibid. 16'-25'; cf. dFIM1 lu.gal na.di.a : MIN(?) x [dIM] be-li
s n = ndr-fa-bu Practical Vocabulary Assur 197. na-ri-fiml ibid. 2.
A.SIN // me-e nar-4a-bi Kocher BAM 401 :8 (med. [na-ru-u] = [a-s]u-mit-[tu] Malku V 218; NA.
comm.). RIt.A = Sifir su[mi], Sumu zakru, na-ru-[u], na-ru-u
= a-su-mit-[tum] Uruanna III 188/4ff.
nar-ta-bu(var. -ba) ana lahami liddinki let
him (the beer brewer) give you beerwort for 1. stone monument inscribed with laws
making beer 4R 56 iii 56, var. from KAR 239 and regulations: awilum hablum ... ana
ii 29 (Lamastu); nar-ta-ba turatta[b] you mahar salmija gar misarim lillikma na-ru-i
moisten beerwort AMT 83,1:20; me kasti u Satram listassima ... na-ru-i awatam likal:
SUN bappiri cold water and beerwort (and) limsu dingu limur libbasu linappima let any
beer bread AMT 49,6:5; SUN LU.DIN.NA IGI man who was mistreated come to the statue
GIG takdr you rub the sore spot with beer- depicting me as king of justice and have him
wort from a tavern keeper Kocher BAM 34:10; read my inscribed stela, let my stela show
11 SiLA S TN la halsa sa libbi suqdi one and him the case, let him see the decision relevant
one half silas of unstrained watery mash from for him and let him be at ease CH xli 9 and 15;
almonds Ebeling Parfiumrez. 28 KAR 220 i 15, din mdtim sa adinu purusse mdtim sa aprusu
cf. 1 ME 40 SUN X [...] ibid. 26 ii 19. na-ru-um szl likallimguma salmdt qaqqadiu
Landsberger, JNES 14 18. listeir let this stela show him (i.e., a future
ruler) the judgments I rendered and the
nartabu B s.; container for beerwort; decisions I made for the country, so that he
OB, Mari, SB; cf. ratdbu. may guide his people correctly ibid. 84;
awdtija jiqurdtim ina na-ru-ia asturma ina
dug.lahtan - lahtanu = nam-har // nar-fa-bi
mahar salmija ar miZarim ukin I wrote my
Hg. B II 65, in MSL 7 109.
precious words on my stela and placed them
summa suraru ana DUG nar-ta-bi imqut if under (lit. before) a representation of me as
a lizard falls into a n. KAR 382 r. 45, STT king of justice CH xl 75; awdtim a ina na-
323:48 (SB Alu); 1 DUG [na]-ar-ta-bu-um (in ru-ia (var. NA 4 na-ru-ia) asturu liqlma let
list of household utensils) LB 2074: 12 (courtesy him listen to the words I have written on my
K. R. Veenhof), also Frank Strassburger Keil- stela CH xli 79, also ibid. 66, xlii 4 and 20;
schrifttexte 38 r. 8, CT 4 40b:7 (all OB), wr. A.BI agrim ina NA4 na-re-e [sa]ter kima iqbis
DUG na-ar-t.m-bu ARMT 12 743:15, 744:5. nikkum lu se'am lu kaspam idi~unu la takalr
Oppenheim Beer p. 48 n. 67. l4ma the (amount of) wages for a hired
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nari A narf A
worker is written on the stela, (therefore) in field and gave it to PN MDP 2 pl. 20:7; sumi
accordance with what they told you, do not na-re-e Nabd nasir kudur eqleti the name of
withhold their wages, be it barley or silver this boundary stone is Nabui-Protects-the-
A 3529:12 (OB let.); ana kaspim sibtam u Boundaries-of-the-Fields MDP 2 pl. 17 iv 34,
sibat sibtim kima awat na-ru-a-im ilaqqma also, wr. NA4 .NA.RU.A Hinke Kudurru top, BBSt.
as for the silver, he will take interest and No. 7 top and ii 40, and, wr. NA BE 1 83 ii 21;
compound interest according to the words of PN ... nis iii rabuti ... ina NA4 .NA.RU.A
the stela MVAG 35/3 p. 75 note c VAT 13509:7, sudtu izkur PN declared under oath by the
also ICK 2 147:22', see Larsen Old Assyrian great gods (depicted) on this boundary stone
Caravan Procedures 102; bel awitija PN ina 1R 70 i 22 (Caillou Michaux); MU.11.KAM RN
3 awdtim a <i> na-ru-a-im laptani lizku: NA 4 .NA.RU.A kanik in the eleventh year of
ramma (for translat. and note see zakaru A Sargon the boundary stone was sealed
mng. Ib) MVAG 35/3 No. 325:34 (all OA); ana VAS 1 70 v 5; sa ... NA4 .NA.RU.A anna ina abni
hitim ,a ibbassd kima pi-i NA.RU.A ippuZuius inaqqaruisdta usak <ka>lu ana nari inassuku
for any negligence that occurs they will treat ina eqel la amdri itammiru whoever defaces
him according to the provisions of the stela this boundary stone with a stone, or has it
UET 5 420:14 (OB, coll. C. B. F. Walker); note burned in fire, or throws it into a river, or
(possibly to be read asumittu): GABA.RI NA 4 . hides it in an inaccessible place BBSt. No. 6 ii
NA.RU.A NA 4 .GiR.TAB copy of a tablet of zu= 35 (Nbk. I); a NA 4 .Ri.A annd ina abni ubbatu
qaqipu stone Or. NS 41 350:22 (colophon of inc.). ina isdti iqammi ina eperi itammir ana me
inaddd ... u Bumi satru ipassituma SumSu
2. boundary stone: dulla sudtu la epesi iSattaru VAS 1 36 iv 19; sa ... na-ra-aannd
... mahar DN DN, u DN 3 ... ina NA 4 .RI.A usassi ana me inadd. ... ili mala ina muhhi
isturma ina muhhi eglisu ana kudur dardti izib na-re-e anni mala jnunuu zakru arrat la
he (the king) wrote on a boundary stone in napsuri l1rurusu whoever lets (any other
the presence of Samas, Marduk, and Annu- person) remove this boundary stone or
nitu that this corvee work need not be done throws it into the water (etc.), may the gods
and left (the stone) on his field to establish whose names are invoked on this boundary
an everlasting boundary MDP 2 pl. 21 iii 51; stone curse him with an indissoluble curse
ki ... sa ina NA 4 .RU.A-Su iSturuma izibu BBSt. No. 8 iii 23, iv 32 (citation begins p. 48
anaku la end ... amdti sa ina NA4 .RU.A anni Add. line 2); sa ... NA 4.NA.RI.A ann .. .
asturumaezibu la inni just as I did not change usassuima ... ilu rabitumala ina NA4 .NA.RU.A
what (a former king) had written on his anni sumsunu zakru arrat la napsuri lemutta
boundary stone and left (for posterity), so liruruu BE 1 149 ii 8 and 14, and passim in
(a future king) should not change the words similar formulations in MB and NB kudurrus;
which I have written on this boundary stone NA4 .NA.RT.A annad a PN ipuSuma ina panisu
and left (for posterity) ibid. iv 9 and 41, and ill rabiti ukinnu this boundary stone which
passim in this text; tuppa zakdt aldni iknukma PN made, and on which he placed (the
iddinsi u mala iddinusi in NA 4 .NA.RU.A symbols of) the great gods BBSt. No. 11 ii 14;
isturma in mahar DN ... usziz he gave her il rabutu mala ina muhhi na-re-e anni sums
a sealed tablet (establishing) the exemption sunu zakru kakkinunu kullumu u ubatusunu
of the villages, and he wrote everything he uddd all the great gods whose names are
gave her on a boundary stone and placed it invoked, weapons shown, and whose pedestals
before Nana MDP 10 pl. llf. ii 12, also viii 23; are depicted on this boundary stone MDP 2
tupsarru Sdtir NA 4 .NA.RU.A anni PN PN is pl. 17 iii 17, cf. ili rabitu mala ina NA 4.RL.A
the scribe who wrote this boundary stone anni sumsunu zakru subdtuunu uddd kaks
BBSt. No. 6 ii 25; NA 4 .NA. <RUJ>.A it-ti eqli ksunu kullumu u usurituunu ussura ibid.
ilturuma ana PN iddinu they inscribed the pl. 23 vii 27, also BBSt. No. 5 iii 30, ilu~ mala
boundary stone with the (location of the) ina muhhi NA 4 .RU.A anni sursudu nanzdzu
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narft A narAA
VAS 1 36 vi 2; note ina ilmiuma PN na-ra-a 94:113 (Senn.), also OIP 2 66:48 (rock inscr.),
sa hasbi isturma mahar ilisu usziz ... ina 27 ii 7 and 58:26; kakki ASSur belija qerebSu
muhhi na-re-e sudtu igdru i'abitma ihhepi usarme NA 4 .NA.RU.A da giSnugalli usepisma
PN, na-ra-a Sa abni edsa gabare labirisu maharsu ulziz (in the resettled captured city)
isturma ukin at that time, PN inscribed a I set up the "weapon" of A§§ur, my lord, I
boundary marker of clay and placed it before had a stela of alabaster made and erected it
his god, but a wall collapsed on that boundary in front of it OIP 2 62 iv 90; 6 NA4 .NA.R-e(?)
marker and it was broken, so PN, inscribed a [c-ret]-ti salam ili rabiti beleja abtani qerebsun
new boundary marker of stone, a copy of the u salam sarriitija 15bin appi maharsun ulziz
original one, and placed it (before the god) ... il rabutu mala ina NA 4 .NA.RB-e anne
MDP 2 pl. 18f. legend 1 and 2. sumu nabi ... lirruuu I cut six rock reliefs
(and) fashioned the images of the great gods,
3. memorial monument set up by a king - my lords, on them, and I placed before them a
a) stela, mostly accompanied by a relief, statue showing me as king in the posture of
made of stone - 1' in royal inscrs.: for an obeisance, (should anybody destroy my work)
inscr. of Sulgi, see lex. section; RN peti may the great gods, all those whose names are
ndrdtim epic duri muretti na-re-e nabi Sumi mentioned in this stela, curse him OIP 2
Jahdunlim, he who opens canals, who builds 84:55 and 59 (rock inscr.); ahratasime girri
walls, who erects stelas bearing (his) name sarri ana la suhhuri NA 4.NA.R.A.MES usepis:
Syria 32 12 i 22; sumi rabem u na-ri-ia ina ma sa ahi ulle ina mehirtisu izzazu so that
mat Lab'an ina ah tdmtim rabitim lu askun in future days the King's Way should not be
I established my great fame and my stelas reduced (in width), I had stelas made which
in the land of GN on the shore of the great sea stand on either side, opposite one another
AOB 1 24 iv 13 (Samsi-Adad I); subtam elle: OIP 2 153:20 (stela, all Senn.); NA 4 .NA.RU.A
tam manzdz na-re-e-em sa fmisam ina libbiSu sitir sumija usepisma ... ana tabrat kissat
niq' kajanui ... epuma I built a holy ndkiri ana sat icme ulziz I had a stela with my
dwelling, a repository for the stela, wherein name on it made and erected it for all enemies
sacrifices are continuous every day RA 11 to see for all time Borger Esarh. 99 r. 50 (stela);
92 i 15 (Kudur-Mabuk), cf. 1 siLA NINDA.II.A 1 ina imisuma u[se]pima NA4 .NA.R .A itir
siLA KAS.SAG gine NA 4 .NA.RU.A anna uktin Sumija salam ill rabUti beleja esiqa serusu
Weissbach Misc. No. 4 d 2 (Samar-res-uur); NA4 . at that time I had a stela made with my
NA.Rt.A.MES-a epu tanatti gisritija ina libbi name on it, and I engraved on it the images
altur ina abullidu aSkun I had stelas made, of the great gods, my lords Streck Asb. 270 iv
had my heroic exploits written on them, and 1 (tablet); appalisma NA 4 .NA.Rf.A labiri sa
placed them at its (the subdued city's) gate RN ... Sa salam enti basmu serussu ... NA4 .
AKA 288 i 98 (Asn.); note NAR.MES-id' -kin NA.RU.A ... essiS abni seruSSu asturma
Tigl. III Stela II B 29 (courtesy H. Tadmor); mahar DN u DN, bleja ukin I found the old
NA 4 .NA.RU.AaSturma salam ill ina muhhi abni stela of Nebuchadnezzar (I) on which an
ina Jubat iluti ulziz I inscribed a stela, drew image of the high priestess was fashioned, I
a picture of the gods on it, and placed it in made a stela anew and wrote on it and placed
the sanctuary Unger Bel-harran-beli-ussur 15; it before Sin and Ningal, my lords YOS 1 45
iliu a ina NA 4 .NA.RU.A sudtu umsunu satru i 29 and 36 (cylinder of Nbn.), cf. NA 4 .NA.RU.A
the gods whose names are inscribed on this RN sar Bdbili AfO 22 4 iii 5 (Nbn.); Sa ... NA 4.
stela ibid. 26; NA4 .NA.RU.A ultu asrisu la NA.RU.A sutu tammari you who see this
tadakki do not remove this stela from its stela (in broken context) VAB 3 69 § 66:106
location ibid. 23; NA4 .NA.Rr.A uAepi ma litu (Dar. Behistun); Saftri sa ina NA 4.NA.RU.A
... qerebsu uSa.iirma ina tamirti GN ulziz atri gipanni believe the inscription that is
I had a stela made and (my) victories written written on the n. ibid. 63 § 56:98; exceptional:
on it and erected it in the district of GN AfO 20 ana kunni SarriitiSu ipqida na-ra-a-su (he
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naru A nard A
gave me his oldest son as a hostage) and to foundation document and read it AKA 171
keep safe his royal position, he handed over r. 13, a NA4 .NA.RU.A emmaruma annd mina
his stela to me TCL 3 54 (Sar.). iqabb4 he who finds this foundation document
and says, "What is that (good for)?" AKA
2' in other texts: [ihru]s ina na-re-e (var.
172 r. 18 (Asn.); na-ri-iaaskun na-re-eSa abbija
NA 4.NA.RU.A) kalu manahti he engraved on
itti na-ri-ia-ma askun I deposited my
a stela all (his) travails Gilg. I i 8; [... ] NA4.
foundation documents, I deposited the
NA.RU.A itassi read the stela! AnSt. 5 98:1
foundation documents of my ancestors
(Cuthean Legend); ina NA4 .NA.RI.A ul iAtur ul
together with my own foundation documents
izibamma he did not write on a stela and
AOB 1 86 r. 5f. (Adn. I), and passim in these texts;
leave it (for posterity) ibid. 29, of. ibid. 106: 149;
na-ra-a altur ina dirisu GAR-nu I wrote a
tupSarre enqute lizkuru NA4 .NA.Rn.A-ka let
stela and placed it in its (rebuilt) wall
experienced scribes read your stela aloud
AKA 188 r. 27 (Asn.); NA4 .NA.R.A-ia U temen:
ibid. 108:173; NA4.NA.RU.A annd amurma
nija askun I deposited my foundation
read this stela ibid. 106:152, also 108:174;
inscriptions WO 1 387:12, also WO 2 44 lower
gabari NA 4 .NA.Rfr.A us copy of a diorite stela
edge 2 (Shalm. III); sa umi u na-ru-a-iannem
(property of Ezida) CT 21 14 r. 10 (colophon);
usassaku he who destroys my name and this
sa muhhi NA4.NA.R.A labirisa Emeslam qereb foundation document of mine JCS 8 32 iii 11,
GN (this is) what is written on an old stela
cf. na-ru-a-i annem ana asriduma luta'iru
from the temple Emeslam in Cutha CT 9
ibid. iv 3 (Puzur-Sin of Assur); a ... na-ri-ia
3a: 9; liti kisit[ti qateau] liltturma ana NA4.NA.
usamsaku ana dahluqte imannd whoever
RU.A ann[i ... ] kajamanumma ana la maei
discards my foundation document (or) desig-
lit(?)-[...] let him write down his victorious
nates it for destruction AOB 1 64:38 (Adn.
conquests and [...] to this stela continually
I), also Weidner Tn. 13 No. 5:96, 29 No. 16:127;
as a memento CT 34 41 iv 25 (Synchron. Hist.),
sa ... NA4 .NA.Rt.A-a sudtu inaS 4 ina aSri
cf. (in fragm. context) ARM 18 16 r. 11'ff.
animma isakkanu ina m einaddd ina iSdti
b) foundation inscription - 1' in royal iqalli AKA 166 r. 14 (Asn.); Sa NA 4 .NA.RV.A.
inscrs.: temmennija u na-re-e-ia Samnam MES-ia U temmennija ihapp isappanu ana me
lipsus nigiam liqqgma ana asrisunu literuniti inadd4 AKA 106 viii 63 (Tigl. I); uSepiSma
sa temmennija u na-re-e-ia samnam la ipa: NA 4 . (NA).RUI.A.MES kaspi hurdsi siparri uqni
sasu niqiam la inaqqdma ana asrisunu la giSnugalli ... ina u~ds aSkun ana sdt im ezib
utarrusuniti4-ku-ma na-re-e-ia unakkaruma I had foundation documents made of silver,
sumi uassakuma umsu isattaru let (a future gold, bronze, lapis lazuli, alabaster (etc.),
ruler) anoint my foundation inscriptions with placed them in the foundations, and thus
oil, let him offer a sacrifice and return them left them for all time Borger Esarh. 27 Ep.
to their place, (but) he who does not anoint 40: 4ff.; kala epSetija fqurati ina NA4 .NA.RT.A
my foundation inscriptions, does not offer a asturma ukin ahrdtaS all my valuable accom-
sacrifice, does not return them to their place, plishments I wrote on foundation documents
or(?) removes my foundation documents, and I installed them for posterity VAB 4 110 iii
deletes my name, and writes his own name 1, also ibid. 74 ii 47, 184 iii 62 (Nbk.).
there (may the gods punish) AOB 1 24 v 3ff.
2' other occ.: ana La.GAL.A.BA Sarru temu
(Samsi-Adad I), cf. Borger Einleitung p. 10 iii
liskun na-ru-u Su-mu a Sarri ina libbi liStur
19ff., cf. also na-re-e a sarrani mahrUti
let the king give orders to the chief scribe
.amna apdus nigq aqqi ana adrigunu utir
that he should write the name of the king on
AOB 1 124 iv 35 (Shalm. I), cf. ibid. left
the n. K.1103 r. 7 (NA let., courtesy S. Parpola).
edge 2f., of. also ibid. 50 iii 54 (Arik-den-ili),
and passim in Ass. royal inscrs.; ekurru si enahu For the literary genre nar see Giiterbock,
NA4 .NA.R.A tammarma taassi (if) this ZA 42 19ff.
temple falls into disrepair so that you see the Ellis Foundation Deposits p. 145ff.
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nari B naru A
narf B (nariu) s.; (a measure used for restored after BM 47680; [...] - mi-ih-rum
Nabnitu K 30-32; gi..kes.da - ir-ri-tu d fD
id
fD
wool, the next unit higher than the kuduktu);
(var. na-[ri-im]) Erimhus II 62, also Nabnitu
Nuzi. D a 3; id.dar.dar.ra : na-rum 9[a] ki-i[b-ra ... ]
OBGT XVII 13; for other lex. refs. see ahu B,
107 na-ri-i SiG.MEr Sa nasqu 84 na-ri-u SiG.
agi A, ebirtu A, erbu, kakkidu, karu A, mihru A,
MES la nasqu 19 na-ri-u SiG.MES ... SU.NIGIN nappaJu.
210 na-ri-4' SIG a abu HSS 14 251:1ff.;
gis.ma.did.li.ra.g i = e-lip-pi dfD Hh.IV305.
2 na-ri-i SIG.ME§ ana PN 3 MA.NA SIG.MES ana
PN, 1 na-ri-i SiG.ME anaPN3 1 na-ri-i SIG.ME§ id.da.s ba.an.sum.mu : ana na-a-ri inad:
d~iu they will throw her into the river (as punish-
ana PN4 two n.-s of wool for PN, three minas ment) Ai. VII iv 6; id.da a.ra.2 tul.da a.ra.3
of wool for PN2 , one n. of wool for PN3 , one n. of a.ta in.suD.e : ina f[D 2-9u] ina b[iri 3-9u] ina
wool for PN, HSS 13 183:4ff., cf. HSS 15 328: 10 mn i[aallahku] Ai. VI iii 13; zi.dNanna gis.ma
ft., and passim in this text; 1 na-ri-i SIG PN sag.ba.da.a.ni id.da nu.bal.e.ma he.pad :
nmi Sin aa elippi tameau na-a-ru(var. -ri) la ibbiru
ibid. 503:lff., also HSS 19 102:2f., 5; 24 na-ri-i
lu tamdta be conjured by Sin, a boat conjured by
SiG.ME§ ana 20 zijandti PN sa GN sa satti anni whom cannot cross the river CT 16 13 ii 29f.;
ilqe PN from Nuzi has taken this year 24 n.-s sul ka.tar a.ra.zu id nu.bal.e : ellu muttallu
of wool for twenty zijandtu's HSS 13 2:1; na-a-ri ul ibbir the young hero does not cross the
1 TI-G nuhpuru 1 na-[ri-i] SIG.MES 1 T1TG sa river BRM 4 8:27f.; id.da ku 6 .ma.al.la dug
marar.an.gi : ina na-ri-ia gugallu karpatu uttzr
SAL 1 na-ri-i 1 ku[duktu siG.MEs] one nuh: (see gugallu lex. section) RA 33 104:33; [7 NUN.
puru garment (made of) one n. of wool, one ME] id.da mu.mu.da : [sib]it apkallu Aa ina ID
woman's garment (made of) one n. and one ibbanu (see apkallu lex. section) Or. NS 30 2:7f.;
kuduktu of wool ibid. 288:2ff., and passim in id.da.se bi.gar.re.en.na a.zu u.sa.lu.ub.
z6.da : ina na-ri tabbaAZma muka daddaru (see
this text; 6 na-ri-u SiG.MES ana SU-ti SAL.
daddaru lex. section) Lambert BWL 244 iv 19;
LUGAL-ku-ti nadnu HSS 14 114:1; 1-en-nu a id.da.ginx(oGM) al.du.un nu.zu : klma me
KI.MIN (= hullannu) labiriltu a na-re-e [... ] na-ri-im ema illaku ul idi like the water in a river
ibid. 520:38. I know not where I(!) go CT 4 8a:3f., 17f.; [idl.bi
anu.un.tum.e sa.su.ga.bi ba.du.[du] : na-a-
ar-tc m ul ubbal meranus ittandi its river does not
naru A s. fem.; 1. river, canal, 2. vein, bring water, it was abandoned empty SBH p. 114
duct on the liver, 3. strip; from OAkk. on; No. 60:9f.; A.sag a.ginx id.da ba.an.[su] :
asakku kma mli na-a-ru ishup (see asakku lex.
wr. syll. and ID (in OB, Mari also ID.DA); section) 5R 50 ii 27f. (= Schollmeyer No. 1);
cf. alap nari, atdn nari, erib nari, nari, id.da nu.me.am a.gi6 mu.un.du7 .du 7 : ina
ndrtu. balu na-a-ri ag ittakkipa (see ag B lex. section)
SBH p. 55 No. 28 r. 15; [a na.am.gil.le.em].ma
[i], [i-id] iD - [na-a-ru] Sb I 151 f.; i in = na-a-ri, id.da i.i..in.d6 : [mi ahluq]ti na-a-ra uStabil
'ID A 1/2:229f.; i ID - [na-a-rum] MSL 2 128 ii 27 he let the river bring destructive water 4R 11
(-= MSL 14 91, also Proto-Aa 39:1); i ID = na-a-ru, r. 23f.; [peSx(KI.A)] id.da.kex(KID) gir mu.un.
i-id ID - dfD Ea I 68f.; i ID = na-rum Proto-Diri dib.dib.be.fnel : [ina kib]ri na-a-ri itenettiqu
218a; id - na-a-ru Igituh I 291, also 2R 50 r.(!) they always go along the river bank JRAS 1932
iii 5, in MSL 11 56, Hh. XX-XXII RS Recension 557:18f.; lu.KI.A i[d].da ba.an.gul.lu(?).da
A iii 12; i fD - na-a-ru, i-id fD, ID.GAL, fD.DI= MIN ug 5 .ga : Sa kibir na-a-ri ibutuuma imitu (see
Diri III 175ff.; [id?] [i]D, [f]D- na-a-rum Recip. abatu A lex. section) ASKT p. 88-89 ii 26, see
Ea A vi 29f.; [na-ab] [N]AB - na-a-ri A 11/6 iii 20. Borger, AOAT 1 7:99; x.[A id].da.kex ba.ra.
a.1A.id.da - i-kin na-a-ri Antagal G 50, also an.da.an. bur.re : ina ki[bi]r na-a-rila tapassaru
Hh. XI 329; im.gu.en.na - qa-du-u ii-ka-ni = do not absolve him on the bank of the river CT 16
ik-nu Sd fD Hg. A II 136, in MSL 7 113; im.gui. 10iv 16f.; id.al.la id.ku.ga.bi na.nam : MI
id.da = MIN (- qa-du-tum) na-a-ri Hh. XI 326; nar-.u elletumma the Salla canal is its (Nippur's)
gun.id.da = bi-lat na-a-ri Hh. II 370; e.id.da holy canal JRAS 1919 190:4, cf. ibid. 15; id ka.
= MIN (= i-ku) na-a-ru Hh. XXII Section 9:10'. min.na.ta a iu.ba.e.ri.ti : ina pi na-ra-a-ti
ni-gin NIGIN e-ke-rum Ad fD A 1/2:132, also kilall mA leqema take water from the mouth of the
Diri I 343; du-unDN = pe-tu-u Ad ID Antagal D 65; twin rivers CT 17 26:65f., also CT 16 47:197f.;
ld.id.ba.al - h[e-ri na-ri-im] OB Lu A 220; a id.da [ba.ra.an].6. u.de.en : mi na-a-ri la
[.. .].x MIN (- ke-se-ru) Aa ID Nabnitu E 291; telemme do not drink water from the river JTVI 26
ds.sa.DU.id = MIN (- itd) na-a-r[i] Hh. II 248, p. 155 iv 12f., see Lackenbacher, RA 65 128.
368
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naru A la naru A la
me-eh-ru, pat-tu - na-a-ru LTBA 2 2:298f.; canal's channel CT 22 233:6, also ibid. 219:6;
x-xx-at-tum, kap-[pu], mit-ra-tum - na-a-ru Malku ana GN ina muhhi herdtu ID ana pani L6
II 39ff.
ID //na-a-ru Ebeling Wagenpferde p. 43 Ko 2;
Sani la allika I did not go to GN to dig a
ku-up-pi // ana kap-pa // na-a-ri Lambert BWL 70 canal in the service(?) of the assistant YOS 3
comm. to line 23 (Theodicy Comm.). 18:13, cf. (wages) ana her tu ID ibid. 181:5
(all NB letters); 2 GfN kaspa ana berdtu ID
1. river, canal - a) with ref. to work and UCP 9 71 No. 65:2, also ibid. 115 No. 60:44; dullu
maintenance - 1' digging - a' in hist. and ina libbi ippuSu ID.ME iherrma me uSasbatu
adm.: iD-u lu ah-[ri] ana ersetiSu me dariti they will do the work in it (the garden), dig
lu askun I redug its (Sippar's) canal and canals, and irrigate BIN 1 125:7, also 117:12;
provided a permanent water supply for its ID rabiti ultu makkur Eanna iherrd he will
territory PBS 7 133 ii 62 and dupls., see Gelb dig a large canal (with supplies) from the
JNES 7 269 (Hammurapi); ID a RN §ar property of Eanna TCL 13 182:26; u ana
Adur ihril res ID Sdti i'abitma the inlet of herutu ID.ME§ 150 OUR SE.BAR ana suti adi
the canal which ASur-dan, king of Assyria, 3-ta Sandti [ibil innannadimma please give
had dug caved in and (no water was running us (the fields and equipment) in rent for
in it) AKA 147 v 20f., also reS iD gdti ugSeSnma three years and, moreover, 150 gur of barley
ahri I changed the (location of the) inlet of for digging canals BE 9 86a: 11, also 19 (all NB).
that canal and dug it again ibid. 22; ajumma
b' in omens and lit.: na-rum (var. na-a-ru)
... .iJuubsuul idima here iD-u ul izkur none
la heritum ihherri a canal not yet dug will be
(among the former kings) knew how to settle
dug YOS 10 17:40, var. from 41, see heri usage
it, nor ordered the digging of a canal for it
a; ID naditu ihherri KAR 465:4, Leichty Izbu
Lyon Sar. 7:46; epes ali herd ID iqbdni (the
II 53 and 55, cf. CT 20 49 r. 40; rubil ID uSah,
great gods) ordered me to build a city, to dig
rd[ma] massu NINDA.HI.A i-x-[x] the
a canal ibid. 55, of. ibid. 15:46, also ana ...
prince will have a canal dug and provide his
hare ID zaqdp sippate uzunsu ul ibgsma
land with bread to eat CT 30 34 81-2-4,197:17;
OIP 2 103 v 40, also 95:69 (Senn.); muJahr4
nakru [ina] qabal mdtika ID iherri the enemy
ID.MES peti BE-ra-a-ti musahbib pattdti who
will dig a canal in the middle of your land
has canals dug, who opens watercourses, ibid. 20 Rm. 273+ : 22 (both SB ext.); ID.ME
who makes brooks babble ibid. 135:11; 18
ihriu Simdtu the Fates dug the rivers
ID.MES usahra ana libbi ID Husur uSeir
Lambert BWL 162:2 (fable); for other refs.
malaksun I had 18 canals dug and directed
see heri usage a.
their courses to the river Husur ibid. 79:10,
cf. ibid. 81:25, etc. (Bavian), see Jacobsen, 2' opening canals: na-ra-a-tim upetti
OIP 24 36ff.; ina libbi UD.3.KAM ID libbi dlim I opened canals RA 33 50 i 26, cf. na-ra-am
sa GN hiri within three days dredge the epteumma I opened a canal for it (the newly
canal inside Uruk LIH 5:15; istu Sipir ID Ja founded city) ibid. ii 21, cf. RN peti ID.DA.
inanna sabtati ina herem tagdamru as soon HI.A who opens canals Syria 32 12 i 20 (all
as you have completed the dredging work on Jahdunlim); ana pate ID Sgzutu LU.MA§.MA kald
the canal which you are undertaking now uma'irma I sent an exorcist and a lamen-
LIH 4 r. 6, wr. Jipir ID-im ibid. r. 2 (both OB tation-priest for the opening of that canal
letters); ina ilki dikiti sabat amili here ID OIP 2 81:27 (Senn. Bavian); sabe ittikunu abs
(see dikitu mng. la-2') Hinke Kudurru iii 25, ka' u alkama iD petd take workmen with you,
also MDP 10 pl. 11 i 21 (MB); inaiD Sa bit iiisa go and open the canal YOS 3 34:18; [UD].
niherrd me ul ittasi he did not take water 10.KAM ID niptd we want to open the canal
from the temple canal which we are digging on the tenth BIN 1 35:19 (both NB letters);
BIN 1 44:23; 1 PI qeme ana PN ana sAbe Sa ID rube sekertu ippatte the prince's canal
malaku Sa ID iherri idin give one PI of flour which was dammed up will be opened again
to PN for the men who are digging the TCL 6 6 iv 17 (SB ext.); lipattd iD.MES lipattd
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naru A lb naru A ld
atappati let them open the canals, let them tidzi m ina iD-im ul ibaSima as you know,
open the ditches AMT 45,5:4, also AMT 38,2 + there is no water in the canal TLB 4 29:6
42,4 ii 6. (all OB letters); mi ina tanzilam sa ID.DIDLI
kilatte indala the water rose in the .... of
3' damming: ana GN ana ID ... sekerim
.akndku I am assigned to GN to dam up the
both canals PBS 1/2 63:13 (MB let.); PN
ismesunutima ID.ME S udti ... ana suti ana
canal VAB 6 No. 214:9; iD.ID-u ina nagbim iltet Satti ittasuniitu PN accepted their
liskir may (DN) dam up his rivers right at offer and leased them these canals for one
their source CH xliii 7; bab iD-su ana la year BE 9 65:12, cf. iD.ME kilalle ibid.
sakari not to dam up the entrance to its 18; x uttatu zitti sarri siitu sa ID sa PN
(the city's) canal BBSt. No. 8 top 20; na-ru- x barley, the king's share of the rent for the
um [...] issekkirma m~ia ibbalu the canal PN canal PBS 2/1 32:1, and passim in these
will be dammed up, and its waters will dry up texts, see Cardascia Murasu 130; kuppi luh:
YOS 10 5:4 (OB liver model); amit RN (var. timma ID.MES sahharati ul ubbala me nuhsi
adds sv.HA) sa ina seker ID [... imiitu] omen let me plug up the wells so that the small
of Utuhegal, the fisherman, who died during watercourses will not carry abundant water
the damming up of a canal KAR 422 r. 15, Cagni Erra IV 122; for branches, outlets, etc.,
restoration and var. from CT 51 152 r. 16; ID see atappu, maSqitu.
ibbattaqma sekiru ul irassi the canal will be
breached and it will have no one to dam it c) officials in charge of canals: ana ser
up CT 20 5 K.3546: 16; ID issekkir BoissierDA a-bi na-ri-im a-li-<ik>-ma me ula iddinam
95:19, also KAR 428:61f. (all SB ext.), CT 39 I went to the official in charge of irrigation,
19:126 (SB Alu), Leichty Izbu II 47; abul Babili but he did not give me any water A 7552:8
ID hegalliunu iskira qdtdsun their own (OB let.), see Rowton, JCS 21 271, cf. ana ab-bi
hands dammed up the gate of Babylon, the na-ri-im aqbisunuimma ... umma sunuma
river which brought their wealth Cagni Erra A.SA nisirtakunu ina ajiklam me listi (see
IV 13; see also kardku mng. 1. nisirtu mng. la) A 7542:14, see Iraq 31 73; see
also gugallu, kalll mng. 1, Jdpiru.
4' other work: istu UD.5.KAM ana na-ri-im
qdti Saknat for five days I have been working d) as a means of communication - 1'
on the canal BIN 7 45:4 (OB let.); qereb shipping and traffic: 2 GIS.MA ma-al-lu-a
Puratti halsi rabiti ina ID ina kupri u agurri rabbitum na-ra-am parkuma two large rafts
usepis in the middle of the Euphrates I had are blocking the river ARM 10 10:8; guiiire
a great fortification wall built in the river, of ina ID ikarru[ru] they will place the beams
bitumen and baked bricks VAB 4 106 ii 21 in the river ABL 705 r. 10, cf. 470 guisru
(Nbk.); higihti a dullu sa ID innasunutu give UD.3.KAM ina muhhi ID qurbu ABL 490:2;
them whatever is needed for work on the UD.17.KAM aladlamme muhhi ID uqtarrib on
canal BIN 1 50:19, and passim in NB letters, the 17th I brought the aladlammu statues to
see Ebeling Glossar 161f.; see also kibru mng. the river ABL 579 r. 6 (all NA); [ana] ID
la, kisirtu mng. la. isarrahusumakima issarhu [... ] (see sarahu
D usage b) ZA 23 374:75; summa ... elippi
b) with ref. to regulating water supply Marduk ana ID ina nade issi if Marduk's boat
and irrigation: minum arnima na-ri-i "cried" when launched on the river CT 40 38
ikimannima ana PN iddin what have I done K.2992:23 (SB Alu); elippi Jarri ina ID agi
wrong that he has taken away my canal and utebba (see agu B mng. 1) CT 20 31:40, also
given it to PN? Walters Water for Larsa No. JNES 33 353:3 (both SB ext.), cf. maldhu ina
36:5; ID alakam ippedam mi mddu namkari ID elippau uttabb[i] Thompson Gilg. pi. 59
... puttima the river runs strong, there is K.3200:4; ana mini ki elippi ina qabal iD-e
much water, open the irrigation ditches nad&ki (see elippu usage a-2') BA 2 634:1
OECT 3 7:4, see Kraus, AbB 4 No. 85; kima (NA lit.).
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niru A le naru A le
2' as boundary: iD.MES ... ina milisina ina muhhi ID inandin he will deliver (the
ikid etiq I crossed rivers at flood stage as if amount of dates or barley owed) on the levee
they were ditches TCL 3 30 (Sar.); Idide TuM 2-3 176:8, VAS 3 40:5, Nbn. 523:5, 395:6,
ebirma ID sudtu ana dannutisu iskun he Dar. 166:6, 196:7, 507:5, BRM 1 61:8, and passim
crossed the river Idide and made that river in NB leg.; ina seri u ina muhhi ID nittanna
his defense-line Streck Asb. 48 v 74; Alluria we have delivered (barley) outside the city
Qallania Innaja ID.ME S tebir I crossed the and at the river YOS 7 179:13; 20 gusure ...
rivers GN, GN 2 , (and) GN 3 TCL 3 297 (Sar.); ina muhhi ID inandin he will deliver twenty
(I departed from Harhar) ID me kasiti etebir beams on the levee Nbn. 66:6; samassammi
I crossed a river of icy water Levine Stelae 40 ina muhhi gisri ina ID iddin he delivered the
ii 46 (Sar.); [ana muhhi umman mat Mi]sir linseed on the bridge over the river Camb.
sa ina GN nad fID ibirma he (Nebuchadnez- 176: 10, cf. (deliver barley to them) ina muhhi
zar II) crossed the river (Euphrates) against ID YOS 3 24:10, cf. ibid. 16, 52:14; uttatu ...
the troops of Egypt who were in Carchemish 2 GUR 12 SiLA ana muhhi ID taqarrub x barley
Wiseman Chron. 66:3, also ibid. 62:67 (Fall is near the river YOS 3 68:17.
of Nineveh); eli ID.MES-U erdniS usaprisma
2' in descriptions of fields and other plots
I had (my troops) fly across its rivers like
of land: eqlum vS.SA.DU ID field along the
eagles Winckler Sar. pl. 21 No. 44:330; ummdn
canal OECT 3 9:5; field and orchard sa DA
nakri iD e-b[ir] the army of the enemy will
ID.DA Grant Bus. Doe. 69:10 (= YOS 8 91) (both
cross the river KAR 422 r. 35, cf. ID tebbir me
OB); an orchard tehi ID along the canal
ul tasatti (when) you cross the river, do not
ADD 361:3, also ADD 364:7, 359:7, 425:2; bita
drink (its) water BRM 4 12:59, also CT 31 9 iv
ki biti ina muhhi ID esset luddakka I will give
13 (SB ext.); ina MN UD.30.KAM ID etabruni
you a house on the New Canal equivalent to
ina GN bi'du on the 30th of Addaru they
(your) house VAS 1 70 i 11, of. (with eSu)
crossed the river and stayed in GN overnight
Camb. 375:12, 15; (a plot) ultu muhhi ID adi
Iraq 20 187 No. 40:11; ID usebbaraharammdma
muhhi harran sarri from the river to the
etteqa I will have him cross the river, and
king's road TCL 12 30:3; x KIS pitu
then he will come over ibid. 195 No. 44:18
aplitu IM.4 teh ID labiru x cubits, lower side
(both NA letters); summa ina matijasunu ... u
on the west, along the old canal AnOr 8 51:10;
summa ID etabru if they are in my land (...),
x land ina libbi ID labiru TuM 2-3 14:1, 14,
and if they have crossed the river ABL 879:18;
cf. ibid. 17:14, and passim in NB; sa Gt iD PN
LU GN ana pitte ammete sa ID ussebir I let the
(field) on the bank of the PN canal BE 10
people of GN cross to this side of the river
82:3, also VAS 6 230:11, BE 10 117:3, AnOr
ABL 482:7; ID Ma-li-a-su-A ni-ta-at-qa ki sa
9 19:17, TCL 13 234:2, VAS 1 37 iv 16, Cyr.
libbi ID nehi UD.18.KAM ina GN aqtirib ... ina
188:14, eldni ID Cyr. 188:3; a field sa ina
in ina pan bab Assur elippdti issabtu maskini
muhhi ID sa PN PN2 which is located along
ina libbi mahisi ina muhhi ID kammusaku
PN and PN2 's canal BE 9 3:8, also VAS 3
massartu anassar we crossed the GN river
90:19, 94:17, 131:2, 20, BE 10 43:4f., sa imna
like a quiet river bed, I approached Assur
u sumela sa ID GN ibid. 129:3 (all NB); note:
on the 18th, (the Assyrians) moored boats
(a field) IG na-ra-tim MAD 5 65:3 (OAkk.).
in the river at the gate of A§ur, and my
tent is pitched therein, I am staying on the 3' other occs.: aninu ina muhhi ID-ma
river and keeping watch ABL 1360:4ff. (all nibiad we too shall stay overnight at the
NA); na-ra-am iibirinni let me cross the river ABL 433 r. 14 (NA); adi ina muhhi ID
river (in obscure context) YOS 2 63:10 (OB ana tarsi ahrmed nadit now (the troops) are
let.). encamped along the river opposite each other
ABL 280 r. 22 (NB); babu a ina muhhi ID
e) for topographical orientation - 1' to the gate which (opens) on the river KAV 42 r.
specify place of deliveries: (at a fixed date) 24, also OIP 2 145:23 (Senn.); dir dli essi sa
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naru A If naru A li
pani iD the wall of the new city which faces sa tdmti rabite (the king of Egypt sent me)
the river AOB 1 76:35, cf. ibid. 70:24, 74:5, 104 a .... , an animal of the Great Sea (for
No. 21:4 (all Adn. I); sa PN mar sipri a RN context see namsuhu) AKA 142 iv 29 (Tigl. I);
addaqdiina Sa iD useribani (the gelzulimma) na-ra-a-tum milaSina ersuppi [...] (see
whom PN, RN's messenger, brought into the arsuppu mng. la) SEM 117 iii 14; see also
river area last year KAV 107:10 (MA lot.); kitturru, kulilu, raqqatu; rihit ID [...]
ina bob harranisu ina Japat na-ri-im ina (referring to the Labbu monster) CT 13
GN umma ana PN ICK 2 156:3 (OA); see 33:23 (SB lit.); DUMU.SAL ID (obscure) ABL
also ahu B mng. 3a, bdbu mng. 3a-1', biritu 977 r. 11, see Parpola LAS No. 218, also KAR
mng. Id, biru C mng. 3, eber nari, ebertu A 141: 1, Ebeling Parfuimrez. pl. 17 r. ii 1; for
usage b, kapu A, madu usage b, pi'A, usallu, shells, sherds see hasabtu usage a, isqillatu;
zibbatu mng. 2b. see also alapd, bassu usage c; note (for kibri:
tu?): take ki-bi-ir diD li-iq-tam LB 1002:2
f) in contrast to dry land: siit me iD u (OB magic rit., courtesy K. R. Veenhof).
nSbali those (i.e., monsters) of the water, the
river, and the dry land Surpu VIII 6; kldni i) in magic and rit. - 1' river or canal
eqleti iD u nabalu ... ana DN bIetija addin water: meID me birti sa bit Marduk itti
I donated villages, fields, canals, and dry ahdmes tuballal ina isdti tusabsal you mix
land to my lady Istar CT 36 7:13, also 21 (Ku- (materia medica) with water from a canal
rigalzu I); umama lu a tabali lu §a ID ... lu and water from a well in the Marduk temple
epuS (representations of) animals of the dry and boil it KAR 298 r. 33; epere annti ...
land and of the river as well should be made iStinis ina me in tuballal you mix all these
EA 10:33 (MB royal); summa ina ID elippdt kinds of dust together with river water
nakri summa ina tabalu umman nakri taddk Craig ABRT 1 66:10, see ZA 32 172; ina me ID
if (the encounter happens) in the river, you ina tinuri tesekkir you enclose (these plants)
will defeat the ships of the enemy, if on dry in an oven in river water AMT 69,2:9, also
land, the army of the enemy CT 20 50 r. 7 (SB 52,5:3; (the medication) ina me ID tanaddi
ext.). AMT 69,1:21; note as diagnosis: me GIS.BAL
(= is diliti?) ID isti he drank water from a
g) with ref. to flooding, high water: ID hoisting device of the river Labat TDP 100:8,
Arahti ID hegalli ag4i ezzi edu4 amru ... also ibid. 114:33', 158:21f., 164:64, cf. summa
ibbablamma (see agi B mng. 3) Borger Esarh. ina ID me GIS.BAL ID igti ibid. 164:65; utallil
14 Ep. 7a: 38; ana girrim mimma la tallak .. . ... ina me ID.MES likiuti he has been puri-
milum ina na-ri do not travel at all, (it is fied by flowing river water Surpu VIII 84.
spring and) there is high water in the river
VAS 16 4:23 (OB let.); me mili rasubbat ID 2' to dispose of objects: salma suatu ana
water of the high flood, overwhelming power ID tanaddi you throw this figurine into the
of the river Maqlu VII 179; kub-ru ina ID river Or. NS 36 4 r. 20, also Or. NS 39 143:23;
swelling(?) in the river CT 20 32:67f. and muradssa sutu ana ID tanaddi you throw
33:103f.; milum ina na-ri-im ipparrasam that wildcat into the river Or. NS 36 15:11, and
the high water in the river will be cut off passim in namburbi rituals; you have made
YOS 10 56 i 24 (OB Izbu), of. ibid. 31 vi 29 figurines of me ana ID taddd and thrown
(OB ext.); see also milu mng. la. them into the river Maqlu IV 44, also PBS 1/1
13:25 (inc.); ina Sat miii ina ID tanaddima
h) as source of fish, aquatic animals, bel amatika ikannusakka you throw (the
shells, etc.: Jumma ina ID nnii imidu object inscribed with the name of the adver-
if fish become numerous in a river CT 39 sary) into the river in the middle of the night,
20:141; nina balta ina inD tasabbat you catch and your adversary will submit to you
a live fish in the river Or. NS 40 133:4 (nam- KAR 178 r. vi 26 (hemer.); summa ... arrabu
burbi); for other refs. see nunu; Ltr.iD ummi udtu lu ana ID lu ina siqi ittaddd if this
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naru A ii niru A 1k
dormouse has been thrown either into the ina ID me isabba a young man who has not
river or onto the street AMT 90,1 ii 11; (ob- known a woman (sexually) draws water from
jects used in magic) ana ID tanaddi you the river STT 73:119 (rit.); eper ID naditi
throw into the river BRM 4 6 r. 32, also LKA dust from an abandoned canal (for magic)
70 iv 14, CT 38 38:72, CT 40 13:51, KAR Kocher BAM 323:4; mdmit elippi ID kari
25 iii 20, and passim in rit., see nadi mng. nebiri the "oath" of boat, river, harbor,
la-1'b'; ana ID telegqqsuma ID ibbir you take ferry Aurpu VIII 53, also ibid. III 47; [ut]ams
him to the river and he crosses the river meki ID abul mieari u ribitu I have conjured
RA 50 22:6; tusessiu ID tuwebbirgu you you by river, gate of justice, and square
take him out and have him cross the river 4R 58 i 49 (Lamastu); garabdnu Sa ina ID
LKA 120 r. 1 (both namburbis); aj ikudanni utabb4 garib Anim (see garbcnu usage a)
libir ID libbalkit ada let (the evil) not LKA 73:16 (cultic comm.); DUG kallu a qemi
reach me, let it cross the river, let it pass ... Sa ID ina libbi esiruni a bowl of flour in
through the mountains Or. NS 34 116:7, which a river is drawn ZA 45 44 r. 37 (NA rit.),
also ibid. 117:23, LKA 123 r. 3, LKU 34:11 (all cf. CT 23 1:2 (med.); search for and send
namburbis), KAR 267 r. 18; see also eberu A me DUB.ME§ Ad GT.MES sa LUGAL ,a na-ra-a-ti
mngs. la, 3a. Sd UD.UD.MES ,a Nisanni NA4.GUT ,d ID.MES
sa TaSriti Ja bit sala' me NA4 .G J a ID.MES ga
3' other occs.: ina ID tarahhassu you bathe dini umu (see ki$ddu mng. 2b) CT 22 1: llff.
him (or it) in the river AMT 49,2 r. ii 9; kispi (NB let. of Asb.); nepiS ali biti eqli kiri ID
ana ID.ME S a me la ubbal(u) takassip (see rituals for city, house, field, orchard, and
kispu usage b) BRM 4 6:19; ina muii tida canal KAR 44:21.
ina ID takarris at night you pinch off clay
j) omens from rivers: summa ID miua
from a canal Iraq 22 224:29 (inc.), cf. IM
musa'iranamald if a river's water is full of
ugalli nri KAR 377 r. 39, BE 8 154:9; ana
frogs CT 39 15:27; summa ID me kajamanute
ID tallakma utukka tanaddi you go to the
ubil if a river carries normal water ibid.
river and erect a reed hut Or. NS 34 126:6
17:55ff.; summa ID Samna ubil if a river
(namburbi); inaGU ID asarspu parkat on the
carries oil ibid. 32:34, also 19:124; summa
river bank where access is limited RAcc.
ina MN milu illikamma ID kima dami sarip
36 r. 8; kima adi libbi UD.14.KAM netapas ina
if the flood comes in Nisannu and the river
muhhi iD-ma luiia if we can perform the
is as red as blood ibid. 14:1 (SB Alu), and pas-
ritual before the 14th day, let them (the
sim with comparisons in this text, often with m6
abovementioned women) go out to the river
omitted, e.g., summaID bamat zakd bdmat dalhu
ABL 378 r. 7, see Parpola LAS No. 195; 21 tups
if the river (water) is half clear, half muddy
pdni ina muhhi D iimu anni tapag today on
ibid. 14:23; see also milu mng. If.
the river I performed the rituals on (these)
21 tablets ABL 23:17 (NA), see Parpola LAS k) referring to specific rivers - 1' river
No. 185; ana ID tallak ana ID turrad you go par excellence, Euphrates: elippdt qurddija
to the river, you step down into the river ana raqqat pi ID i kuda asar Purattu mea
AMT 74 ii 28, cf. Or. NS 36 1:4 (namburbi), also uSeseru gerbuS tamti galitti my soldiers'
ina G1I ID tallakma Or. NS 40 142:11, and pas- boats reached the swamps at the mouth of
sim in similar clauses in rit.; anagali Sarru ina the River, where the Euphrates directs its
muhhi ID urrad the day after tomorrow(?), waters into the terrible sea OIP 2 74:77
the king will go to the river (to perform his (Senn.); inanagit a Arpadda anaahuld na-a-ri
ritual) ABL 553 r. 7, see Parpola LAS No. 210; (see ahullu usage a-3') ABL 1287:15; ul
UD.24.KAM ,sarruina muhhi iD lurid dullusu tallikamma itti mat Akkadi gabbi ina muhbi
lipus let the king go down to the river on the ID rabiti ul tazziz you did not come and
24th and perform his ritual ABL 53:11, see place yourself together with all the land of
Parpola LAS No. 205; LI.TVUR a sinnistala iddZ Akkad at the great river (obscure) YOS 3
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naru A 1k naru A 11
25:11; note: may Asalluhi send you across Pi-na-ra-tumki TCL 5 6041 i 10 (Ur III), wr.
I-di-ig-lat ID (var. Idiglat u Pur[attu]) KA-na-ra-tum RA 70 47:27 (OB), KA.ID.DA.
AfO 23 40:9 (SB inc.); see also Ebir Ndri. MES k i YOS 5 238:7, and passim in OB.
2' Ndr sarri: na-a-ar LUGAL ARM 10 1) personified or deified - 1' in gen.:
171:5; la epeSi dulli bab ID Sarri luia sekeri esreti ID sisuru miki iqabbi ID muhrinni ID
lu sa pete hiritu ID sarri la here not to do puSrinni atti ID tullilinni atti ID tamhuri
work on the opening of the King's canal, lumni he recites: You are straight, 0 River,
neither to dam it up nor to open it, not to do your water is kept flowing, 0 River, receive
the digging of the King's canal MDP 2 pl. 21 ii (the evil from) me, 0 River, release (the evil
29, 32 (MB kudurru); a field GU ID LUGAL MDP from) me! You, River, have purified me,
2 pl. 21 i 54, also pl. 16 ii 18, MDP 10 pl. 11 i 2, You, River, have received my evil! Or. NS
BBSt. No. 4 i 2, VAS 1 37 iv 22, ID LUGAL 40 143:17ff. (namburbi), cf. ID limhuranni
BBSt. No. 24:24, and passim in kudurrus, also PBS 1/1 14:20, see JNES 33 274; ina pan ID
TCL 13 155:1, ina muhhi ID LUGAL UCP 9 73 kiam taqabbi I~ atti ID bdnat kaldma before
No. 74:4, of. AnOr 9 No. 2:26 (all NB); ina the river you recite as follows: Incantation:
muhhi ID sarri ana muhhi PN ki itbl4 ussabbis: You, River, are the creator of everything
sunitu when they attacked PN at the King's Or. NS 34 126f.:24f., also ibid. 130:2f., Or. NS
canal, he seized them ABL 275 r. 4; for Ndr 39 148:4f., Or. NS 36 4:5f., cf. ibid. 8:13, LKA
sarri at Uruk, see Falkenstein Topographie 43 123:12, STC 1 200:1 (all namburbis); ittika lis
n. 4; amur 5 ID.MES ultu ID sarri illakanu nuhu addi ID.MES let the mountains and
see, there are five canals coming from the rivers calm down with you Surpu V 188, cf.
King's canal BIN 1 44:27 (NB let.). ibid. VIII 40; HUR.SAG.MES ID.MES U P.MES
ili sa same u erseti the mountains, rivers and
3' other rivers: ina Ula na-a-ru sa
wells, the gods of heaven and earth (end of
kibriZa tabu sidru ~itkunu the battle line
an enumeration of gods to be invoked for an
was drawn at the river Ula, whose banks are
oath) KBo 1 3 r. 26, also ibid. 4 iv 36, KBo
suitable (for that) OIP 2 75:87 (Senn.); ina
1 1 r. 53, 58, 2 r. 29, KUB 3 7 r. 9, MRS 9 90
na-ri ea Huwawa ... misi Sepka wash your
RS 17.353:6' (all treaties); diD qaqqadijakibrit
feet in the river of Huwawa Gilg. Y. vi 266;
padatti sepdja na-a-ru sa mamma la id4
nakru ina ID dlija idukkanni the enemy will
qerebsa the River-god is my head, (magic)
defeat me on my city's canal CT 31 19:28 (SB
sulphur my figure, my feet are the River
ext.), also CT 30 24 r. 19; 2 girri 3 ID.MES 8 KA.
whose depths nobody knows Maqlu VI 98f.,
GAL.MES two roads, three canals, (and) eight
also IX 113; diD ellu namru quddusu andku
gates (are in Babylon) SBH p. 142 iii 11;
I am the clean, bright, (and) holy River
Saddni nagbi ID.ME kibrdt erbetti the
Maqlu III 62, also ibid. 77, cf. atti ID GAL-ti ID
mountains, springs, and rivers of all the world
sir-ti ID es-re-e-ti STC 1 201:8 (namburbi);
3R 66 ix 42, see Frankena Takultu 8; palgu ID.
for diD in personal names, see MAD 3 191; Na-
ME§ u harrdnate the canals, rivers, and roads
ru-um-DINGIR CT 4 50b:8, also TCL 18 103:3,
JNES 15 134:69 (lipur-lit.); ID Dur-an MIN
diD-da-a-an YOS 14 54:10 (all OB); see also
(= lipSur) umme iD.ME§ let the river Duran,
manzdzu mng. 7a-1'.
the mother of (all) rivers, absolve ibid. 52;
ku-ni-ga-ra ID.AN.BAR -= ID ar-ri, MIN ID.A. 2' with ref. to the ordeal: summa uD.19.
LU = MIN di Sar-rat, MIN fD.AN.TU = MIN ID KAM ID iSallima ID itabbalsu if he plunges
MIN, MIN ID.dMUS = MIN ID si-ri, MIN ID. MU into the river on the 19th day, the river will
= MIN ID si-ri Diri III 185ff.; for names of carry him away KAR 178 r. vi 7f. (hemer.);
canals, often with neru as part of the name, ERIN.ME§ massartu sa inadi diD ultu imetdn
see Hh. XXII Sections 2-7, Hg. B VI 1-21, adi namari eliunu izziz the watchmen who
in MSL 11 39f., and Hh. XX-XXII RS Recen- stood guard over them (the persons under-
sion A iii 12-iv 28; note the geographical name going the ordeal) on the bank of the river
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naru A I1m naru A lq

from evening to morning Iraq 27 6 iv 8; ina him up like a canal 3N-T30:2 (Ur III inc.),
musldli ina kaSadu Salamtus ultu ID ilamma cited MAD 3 190; ammini sekreta kima ID why
when noon arrived, his body came up from are you dammed up like a canal? Biggs
the river ibid. 17 (NB lit.); na-ru-um awilam aziga 12 i 5 (inc. cat.).
i-x-x the river-god will .... the man
RA 44 43:5 (OB ext.); [annanna Sa u]b-bu-ru-
p) representations: manzaz Ea eristi na-
ri-im presence of Ea, request for a river
ma ana diD Sapru [... ] diD ut-teb-bu-sli (que-
(symbol) CT 5 6:61 (OB oil omens); zik-ru d
ry concerning) so-and-so who was accused
na-a-ri ib-ta-ni [...] Gilg. VIII v 44.
and sent to undergo an ordeal [... and] whom
the river of the ordeal submerged K.2556 ii 9f., q) other occs.: ultu ... ersetu ibnd iD.MES
cf. diD u,-te-la-lum-ma ibid. 2 (both with sub- ID.ME§ ibnd atappdti after the earth brought
script tamit hurdn, courtesy W. G. Lambert); forth rivers, the rivers brought forth small
for a Mari ordeal see Dossin, CRAI 1958 387ff.; canals CT 17 50:3f.; sa sibbat nesi isbatuni
seal of PN ku-um-ri-im sa Na-ri-im (var. ina ID ittubu sa sibbat gelibi isbatuni ussezib
GUDU 4 Sa ID) Kiiltepe f/k 80:1, var. from case, he who grasped a lion's tail drowned in the
cited Hirsch Untersuchungen p. 82; PN sa na-ri- river, but he who grasped a fox's tail was
im ICK 1 84:9, also, wr. ID ibid. 190:11 saved ABL 555 r. 4, ana ite nahal mat
(OA); see also hubur A, hurSdnu B, id. Musur agar ID la i§4 along the "Creek
of Egypt," a place which has no river Borger
m) demons of the rivers: [s]a ra-bi-is Esarh. 112 § 76:17; ID.ME§-ku-nu indtekunu
na-a-ri imhassu the rabisu (demon) of the buratiinaana ginnis lusahhiru may they (the
river has hit him (diagnosis) KBo 9 49:9, gods) make your rivers, your springs, and
also, wr. MASKIM ID KAR 392 r. 5 (SB Alu),
their wells flow backwards Wiseman Treaties
Labat TDP 190:25.
565; idddnni ana ID a la eleja iganni ID ana
n) river water: itmdma sa ID ul isatti mesa muhhi PN she put me (Sargon) into a river
he swore not to drink water from the river which would not let me go upstream, the
Cagni Erra IV 38; siri[s kur]unna Samna u river carried me to PN CT 13 42 i 6f.; mustes
kardna ummd[nu ... ] kima me iD-ma (var. sir ID.MEa ina qereb gadi (Marduk) who keeps
[na-a]-ri-ma)isinna ippusu kima cmi akitim: the rivers flowing in the mountains AfO 19
ma the workmen [...] beer, kurunnu beer, 61:5, also BA 5 385:7, BMS 12:29; ID ibbal the
oil, and wine like water from the river, cele- river will dry up Leichty Izbu II 59; urid ana
brating a festival as on New Year's Day ID ittabak Juripu (when the Pazuzu demon)
Gilg. XI 73; [kima m]e ID ina nddi masle went down to the river he poured ice over it
ihb4 kardna tdba they drew sweet wine into RT 16 34:7, 9, see Borger, AfO 17 358, cf. ibir ID
waterskins as if it were water from a river dilha iskun she (Lamagtu) crossed the canal
TCL 3 220 (Sar.); iguld aman risti kima me and made it muddy 4R Add. p. 10 to pl. 56 i 32;
DN ... ID.ME§-gu limelld sakiki may Adad
ID lu asluh (see iguld usage b) OIP 2 138:55
(Senn.); damisunu kima m ID ribit dlisunu fill his canals with sediment BBSt. No. 6 ii 42,
luSardi I let their blood flow down the streets also ibid. 8 iv 3, KAR 421 ii 21, see Lambert,
JCS 18 12f.; nakarutikau4tattip dam&dunu ID
of his city like the water of a river 1R 31 iv
29 (Samsi-Adad V); ki m ID asar allaku ul umtalli I (A§ur) slaughtered your enemies,
idi like the water of a river, I do not know I filled the river with their blood Craig ABRT
where I go JNES 33 278:90; nis libbija lu me 23 ii 23 (NA); umunnadunu taptema tuSdbil ID
iD alikAti let my potency be flowing river water you opened their veins and let the river carry
Biggs 8aziga 35:14, cf. iD SA.ZI.GA DU.A ibid. 12 off (their blood?) Cagni Erra IV 35; me ID.MES-
i 28; see also mng. li-i', and mi mng. Ig. u ... ina dami qurddidu isrupu nabdsi
they dyed the water of its rivers as red as
o) in comparisons: asbassuki md'i apruku wool with the blood of his warriors Winckler
ki na-ri-im I seized him like water, I blocked Sar. pi. 34:130; tikki tikkaka seberu ana ID
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niru A 2a naru
nacaku taba to break my neck and your neck 3. strip - a) (as math. term, designating
and to throw (ourselves) into the river is a strip of a geometrical figure): A.SA k i-it-
good Lambert BWL 148:82 (Dialogue); Sa ... [ta] n[a]-ra-tum minum what is the area of
nara ann& ... ana iD inassuku whoever the two "canals"? TMB 102 No. 206:5; XA. k
throws this stela into the river BBSt. No. 6 ii ID.KI.T[A y A.SA ID.AN.NA] x is the area of
36, also No. 11 ii 21; Summa amelu iD lu the lower strip, y the area of the upper strip
appara ibirma itebbu if (in a dream) a man MCT 49 D 2f., and passim in this text, cf. MKT 1
crosses a river or a marsh and sinks MDP 14 248f.: 1 and passim, 259:2; [na]-ra-am na-ar
p. 56 r. i 28 (MB dream omens); Summa KI.MIN ID ta-ra-hi-i epeSam [n]a-ar aakkanakkdtim na-
IGI-mar if ditto (= a man has been sick for ra-am uizubam (obscure) Sumer 7 139:15f.
a long time and) he sees a river (in his (OB math.).
hallucination) Labat TDP 196: 74; 120 nahla:
pdtum mi-si na-ri-im 120 cloaks washed in b) (a type of halo around the moon):
Summa Sin ID lami if the moon is surrounded
the river Birot Tablettes 23:2 (OB); if the king
by a "river" Thompson Rep. 90:8 (= ABL
stays lu ina bit ludme lu ia iD AfO 17
1109), also 91:5, 118:1, 153 r. 6, 112A:3.
274:42 (MA harem edicts); x silver ID BRM
1 54:6 (NB list of expenditures). Ad. mng. 11: for the reading ofdfD as Narum see
Hirsch, AfO 22 38. Ad mng. 2: Biggs, RA 63 167.
2. vein, duct on the liver - a) ndr amuti Ad mng. 3: Neugebauer, MKT 1 250 n. 6.
portal vein: Summa kak imittim ina na-a-ar
amitim mehret abullim Sakimma if the naru B s.; (mng. unkn.); OA, OB (occ.
"weapon-mark" of the right side is located only in personal names).
on the portal vein opposite the "city-gate" Na-ar-be-tim ICK 1 50 edge, Bab. 4 69:9,
YOS 10 46 ii 33, cf. na-a-ar amutim imida MVAG 33 No. 227:26 and 49, wr. Na-ar-bi-tim
ibid. 46; Summa ina niri kakku Sakinma ID ICK 2 16:12; Na-ar-Ku-be ICK 1 130:5 (all
amuti ittul if there is a "weapon-mark" on OA); Na-ar-2-a UET 5 262:6 (OB); Ku-bi-
the yoke and it faces the portal vein KAR na-ri TCL 20 91:49 (OA).
151:9; [Summa ina Sumel marti Sepu itbima]
fD amiti ibir if a "foot-mark" rises on the naru C s.; (mng. unkn.); lex.*
left side of the gall bladder and crosses the mu = na-a-[ru] Izi G i 10, restored from mu-u
portal vein KAR 454:22, of. CT 30 18 ii 3; KI.A MU = na-a // -hu-rum A 111/4:22.
ID amiti eru ullusu Sakin (if) there is hyper-

nAru (nudru, na'ru) s.; musician; from
trophic flesh on the edge of the portal vein
OAkk. on; Sum. lw.; wr. syll. and (L15.)
KAR 434 r. 10; KUN ID amti CT 20 50:21,
NAR; pl. (Nuzi) nudrdti; cf. nargallu,ndrtu,
r. 1.
ndritu.
b) ndr takalti bile duct(?): Summa elenu NAB, nar - na-a-ru Lu IV 210f.; for types of
bdb ekalli ana idi ID takalti kakku Sakinma musicians see OB Proto-Lu 641-650, in MSL 12 56;
if there is a "weapon-mark" above the NAB = na-a-ru Lu Excerpt I 220; nar - na-ru-um
"palace-gate" toward the side of the bile duct OBGT XIII 14; [nar] - na-a-ru MSL 12 83
Boissier DA 218 r. 1, of. ibid. r. 14; [...] birit Fragm. III 7 (Bogh. Proto-Lu), all followed by
nargallu, q.v.; [na-ar] [NA] = [n]a-a-ru- (Hitt.)
bob ekalli u ID takalti kakku Sakin if a Lt.NAR-as Sa Voc. L 15'; [L]1T.NAR - [na-a-ru]
"weapon-mark" is between the "palace-gate" Igituh short version 222; na-ar [NAR] - [na-al-ru
and the bile duct CT 30 36 K.9932:3; Summa Sb I 50; [na-ar] [NAB] = na-a-[ru]m Ea VII 300;
reg manzdzi ana ID takalti maqit ]/ ana ID na-Ar NAR - na-a-rum A VII/4:137.
gi.di - MIN (-ta-kal-tum) L1T.NAR Antagal III
amstu imqut TCL 6 6 i 3. 192; [...] - [MIN (= kid-kdt-tu-u) .d L]Ot.NAR
C) ndr HAR: Summa ID HAR ~UB-ut-ma : Antagal A 174; [...] -] [na-a]-ru,[MIN Sd LTj].xNA
Antagal F 139f.
xKA-tt [...] kilall ana iD HAR [...] CT 41
nar.tur Mir.zu.ba nam.ma.ra.ab.,.en :
42:19f. (ext. comm.); for A ID AR see ahu B [n]a-a-ra gehra mud pitni la tu.eqa do not expel
mng. 3a-4'. the young musician who knows how to play a
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ndru n&ru
stringed instrument S. A. Smith Misc. Assyr. izammuru the singers sing ibid. 67 r. 4, and
Texts p. 24:28f., dupl. (Sum. only) VAS 2 79 r. 23, passim in this text, also ibid. 69 r. 31, CT 15
see ZA 31 116; mu.mu nar.e(!).ne sa li.bi.ib.
44:20; PN Lt.NAR iS8i mar' tiu ina paniunu
[...] : ana Sumija na-a-ru pa-ge-e ina pit-[ni(?)
... ] at (the mention of) my name the musicians izammuru the musician PN sings before
[...] the stringed pag4 instruments SBH p. 109 them together with his daughters ABL 473
No. 56 r. 71f.; <A>.IGI.Iem nar pa.ah.tus.a r.(!) 10 (NA), cf. zimri 4a Lt.NAR u kali the
ka ab.ta..d .me.e : ipittam na-ru hallatud4M
songs by the singer and by the lamentation
9a pi[junu] up-p[u- ] (for translat. see hallatu~4i)
PBS 1/1 11 iv 82 - iii 50 (OB). priest RAcc. 66:12; L.NAR Ea el izammur
[x]-ar-ru = nu-a-ru, [.. .]-nu - MIN STT 402 the singer sings (the song beginning with)
r. 4f. (comm.). "Ea el4" BBR No. 60:15 (NA), also ibid. 16f.,
d du-[un]-gaNAR, d MINSAG = DINGIR NAR.KEx(KID)
29, 33, cf. KAR 141 r. 4, and passim in this
<= > DINGIR d An
na-a-[ri = Anum II 288 f.; d du-
un-gaNA "- DINGIR Ad na-ral-rum LBAT 1577:11; text, also KAR 146 iii(!) 20, see Or. NS 21 144,
du-un-ga dNAR - d-a Sa LT.NAR CT 25 48:10 Lt.NAR parsgu ugammar the musician com-
(list of gods). pletes his ritual performance ibid. iv(!) 14;
LU.NAR ideu iahhat the musician bares his
a) with ref. to performance, function, etc.
arms BBR No. 60:21; Lt.NAR qdteSu imessi
- 1' in royal inscrs.: NAR-e urri tamhe blb
the musician washes his hands ibid. 24; LU.
DN uaazmir (see zamru mng. 3) MDP 4 pl.
NAR ana m[aharm]ajali uqarrab the musician
2 ii 18 (OAkk., Elam); ina hid libbi u ridti
brings (a pot filled with water and oil) toward
itti L.NAR.ME samme u tabali ana qereb
the bed ibid. 42, also 43ff.; the chariots of
uamannijadrub I entered my camp with joy
Anu go to the akitu temple L.NAR.MES ina
and rejoicing, accompanied by musicians
paniunu illak the musicians walk in front
(playing) lyres and cymbals TCL 3 159 (Sar.),
of them RAcc. 89:3; UD.7.KAM dkl biti a ckale
cf. itti LU.NAR (var. LU.NAR.MES) u samme ina
U LU.NAR.MES (see diku s. mng. 2) ibid. 7;
ribit Ninua etettiq Borger Esarh. 50 iii 37, also
parseunukima 9a gind ippuSu kald u LT.NAR.
itti L.NAR.MES epi ninguti ana Ninua erub
ME MiM (the erib biti officials) perform their
Streck Asb. 124 vi 46 and Piepkorn Asb. 72 vi 55,
rituals as usual, the lamentation priests and
cf. L.NAR.MES ina GI.ZA.[Mi ... ] Streck
the musicians do the same RAcc. 140:336, also
Asb. 264 iii 4, also Borger Esarh. p. 91 § 61:2;
131:40; erib biti rabi qgt gizilli ina L .MAS.
idibbi daipi kale LI.NAR.MES .a gimir ummad
MA§.MES kale u L 5.NAR.MES ultu ziqqurrat
nitu hammi usziz maharun I provided for
isabbatamma the chief of the temple personnel
their service (that of the gods in Esagila)
leads the torch from the temple tower with
idippu priests, exorcists, lamentation priests,
the conjurers, the lamentation priests, and
and musicians, who are versed in all scholar-
the musicians RAcc. 119:33; alkakat Lt.MA§.
ship ibid. 24 vi 25; I took as booty his
MASS.MES kali ue .NAR.ME mare ummani
courtiers L.NAR.MES SAL.NAR.ME§ male and
napharnunu the procedures of the conjurers,
female musicians OIP 2 52:32, also 24 i
the lamentation priests, and the musicians,
32, 34 iii 46 (Senn.), also Iraq 18 125 r. 8 (Tigl.
and of all the experts RAcc. 79:45 (colophon);
III); L.NAR.ME~ SAL.NAR.ME uesamma
ilki sa kale u L.NAR service of the lamenta-
Jallatil amnu I removed male and female
tion priest and the musician LKU 51:21.
musicians and counted them as spoil Piepkorn
Asb. 70 vi 28; L.NAR.ME (in broken context,
3' in other texts: kima mare LU.NAR
beside kali) Streck Asb. 270 iv 18; LU.NAR.ME§
ulappatuni-'-Cu-nu (the sorcerers) play their
muhadd libbi ili the musicians who gladden
ni'u instrument like musicians Maqlu VII 163;
the hearts of the gods YOS 1 45 ii 29 (Nbn.);
LU nu-'a-ri ina samm lihtabbisa ina> jariiru
LI5.NAR Nab4 BBSt. No. 35 edge 2 (Merodach-
(see habdsu A mng. 2b) Ebeling Parfiimrez. pl.
baladan).
49:19 (NA); 6 samm hursi ina pani LO.
2' in rit.: LT.NAR inha inni the singer NABR.ME six golden lyres at the disposal of the
sings the inhu song RAce. 44:5; L .NAR.ME§ musicians YOS 6 62:28 (NB); L.NAR a isars
377
oi.uchicago.edu
nfru naru
rahu ul imdt ina sipti (see sarhu B mng. la) ibid. 9, cf. PN NAR (in ration lists) PBS 2/2
Cagni Erra V 53; LU.NAR.MES palke maharsa 20:17, 29:3, 106:27, (beside SAL.NAR.ME§) ibid.
kamsu the experienced musicians kneel 133:4, 38; L na-'-ru-u (between LU arad
before her (Nana) Craig ABRT 1 55 i 6; a-kil ekalli babdnu and bitanu) CBS 8500 i 24 (cour-
LU.NAR.MES ina ga-si-gi il-la-lu4 they will tesy J. A. Brinkman); note URU LU.NAR.ME§
hang the chief singer from a stake ND 5502 ii CT 51 29:3.
4' (courtesy D. J. Wiseman).
5' in Alalakh: barley ana PN DUMU na-ri-
b) special types of musicians: nar.sa. im Wisemann Alalakh 238:32, cf. LU na-ri
me RTC 399 iii 31, also ITT 4 p. 13 No. ibid. 38, wr. LU.NAR ibid. 269:55, and passim;
7130, UET 3 1424:1, BM 14618:3, in Salonen arrows to PN LU.NAR ibid. 203:19, also JCS 8
Festschrift p. 44; nar.balag RTC 399 iii 24, 14 No. 204:6, 205:2.
BIN 3 262:3 (all Ur III), cf. NAR.SA CT 4 8b:33, 6' in MA, EA: lu sirku lu LU.NAR either
CT 45 84:33f., TCL 11 146:23, PBS 13 61 r. vi 2, an oblate or a musician (in broken context)
BE 6/2 48:40, YOS 5 163:17, UET 5 191:51 (all AfO 17 289:114 (harem edicts); L~ na-a-ru(un-
OB). cert.) EA 94:60, [LU] na-a-ri ibid. 63.
c) other occs. - 1' in OAkk.: for NAR 7' in Nuzi - a' naru: im[u] Sa [amti] u
in Ur III texts see Gelb, Salonen Festschrift sa na-a-ri-re(?)1ana PN inandin he will give
57ff. the price of the slave girl and of the musician
2' in OA: x annakam assumi kdrim ana to PN HSS 19 114:11, cf. ibid. 13; barley ana
nu-a-ri-im addin x tin I gave the musician 4 SAL.MES u na--ru.MES aar tPN albu for
because of (an order of) the kIru TCL 20 four women and singers in the place where
iPN lives HSS 16 176:6, cf. barley ana 3
168:12, also RSO 39 191 note 1:12; x silver
isser PN nu-a-ri-imPN2 ii PN the musician LI.MES 1 SAL u 1 na-a-ru Sa PN ibid. 28;
owes PN, OIP 27 59:32; uttatka x ... itti PN barley ana na-a-ru sa iRvu Nuzi ana MN u
nu-a-ri-im sa DN (of) your barley x is with ana MN2 for a musician from Nuzi for the
PN, the musician of Adad ICK 1 156:14, see months of Hiari and Hinzuriwe ibid. 186:3,
Hirsch Untersuchungen 58. also ibid. 115:5,117:14, 132:6; one garment ana
na-a-ru ga GN HSS 13 127:11; annitu na-a-
3' in OB, Mari, Elam: [x] GI.PISAN PN na- ru [. .. ] after a list of men and women,
ru-p x reed baskets (of grain) for the followed by anniitu DUMU.DUMU.ME Sga URU
musician PN UET 5 663:11; PN NAR sa Nu-zi HSS 16 333:67, also: four women
sabim ARM 1 12:5; 1 shekels of silver for 4 na-ru-u HSS 13 289:8; uncert.: x barley
2 LU.NAR a PN ina GN ARM 7 104 iii 9; 2 L. sa na-ru-ni ibid. 444:3.
NAR.MES (in ration list) ARMT 12 747:10,
also 4 L1.NAR.MES ARM 9 24 i 53; PN NAR b' nuaru: PN LU nu-a-ru PN LU.KI.[MIN]
(in list of persons receiving grain or sheep) PN, LU.KI.MIN 3 LUI.MES nu-a-ra-ti HSS 15
MDP 18 76:4, 139 r. 5 (early OB Elam); for 71:1ff.; barley ana nu-a-ru sa GN HSS 14
occs. wr. NAR, see Renger, ZA 59 172ff. 47:8, also 10, ana nu-a-rum §a PN ibid. 28f.,
1 ANSE SE.MES PN LU nu-a-ri nadin HSS 16
4' in MB: ana na-'-re-e na-'-ra-ti u bit 48:15, wr. nu-'-a-ri ibid. 40:4; x SE ga PN
belija sulmu all is well with the male and itti PN, LU nu-'-a-ri SU.TA.BI barley received
female musicians and the (whole) household by PN from PN2 , the musician ibid. 83:27;
of my lord BE 17 31:3, also ibid. 32:4, 33:4, ina iltn eqli ,a PN LU nu-a-ri north of the
PBS 1/2 71:3f., cf. ana kda ... narkabtika field of the musician PN RA 23 154 No. 47:8;
na-re-e ahiyja ibid. 81:6; 14 T'TG.SiG LU. PN LU nu-a-ri sa arri (witness) JENu 396:20;
NAR.MES L6 e-la-mu-4 mabru the Elamite PN nu-a-ru (witness) HSS 9 115:27, and
musicians received 14 .... garments Iraq 11 passim; note: two zijandtu garments ana
146 No. 7:5, also L1f.NAR.ME§ LUT su-ba-ru- 'PN nu-a-ru HSS 13 165:15.
378
oi.uchicago.edu
nAru naruqqu
8' in NA: vUG DvMV nu-'a-ri kabtiti the capital used or invested in such business);
gdmirutu lepus may (the singer of this poem) from OAkk. on; pl. naruqqtu; wr. syll. and
prevail over all important singers LKA 35 r. KUS.A.GA.LA.
5, cf. ibid. r. 1; 300 Lr ka-sir 300 LIT a biti Sane ku.dug.gan = tuk-kan-nu - [na]-ruq-qu
220 LU.NAR.ME 400 nuhatimme 300 kasiru's, Hg. A II 148, in MSL 7 p. 149, cf. (for silver, gold,
300 servants, 220 musicians, 400 cooks salt, lye) ibid. 149f., 152f.; [kui.aj.g6.la =
ADD 835:9, of. Borger Esarh. 114 § 80 i 12; Lt. na-ruq-qu Hh. XI 79, in MSL 9 197, cf. MSL 7
216:59 (OB Forerunner to Hh.).
NAR.MES Kasdju (also ASurdju, fHattdju)
ni.balag a.SA.ga gin.na kus.a.ga.la
Kinnier Wilson Wine Lists pl. 15:40ff., also ibid. su(!).se suru5 : kubburu 4a eqla ina aldkibu na-
pl. 28:7 ff., pl. 30: 27ff.; [LT.N]AR.MES labba: ru-uq-q[a] suqallulu the fat man who goes (to work)
iite ibid. pl. 21 ND 10057:8, etc., see ibid. p. in the field with a sack hanging down Lambert
76ff.; PN LPJ.NAR LTJ sa IGI.KUR the singer of BWL 255:5; [§uku].hi.a.zu su hd.bi.in.t[i]
kus.a.gA.la.zu su he.bi.in.ti : kurummatka
the sa pan ekalli Iraq 23 29 ND 2451:21; leqe na-ru-qa-ka (var. na-ruq-qa-ki) leqe (evil
naphar 7 L.NAR.[ME§] in all seven musicians demon) take your food offering, take your leather
ADD 847 r. 3; PN .LT.NAR(witness) ADD 50 bag CT 16 25:11f., and dupl. CT 17 3:8f.;
r. 3, 47 r. 5, and passim in ADD; note (possibly kus.a.gA.la nig.k68.da (var. a.ga.l k6e.da)
u.me. ni. sum : na-ruq-qu rakisti idigkuma give
rab zamnmri, beside rab kasiri) PN L T.GAL
him a tied bag K.3172 r. 3f., var. from STT
NAR ADD 815+986 i 5. 173:62, cf. kuS.a.g.la k6s.da.[a].ni u.mu.
un.ni.in.sum : na-ru-qa rakistu idi~dunitima
9' in NB: 5 GIN ana kurummati LU.NAR.
MES
the
ja sarri five shekels for food rations for
king's musicians Nbn. 264:10; j SiLA PN
JTVI 26 154 iii 6;
dim.ma kds.da : na-ru-qu upsd
raksat ASKT p. 86-87:61.
(
kus.a.g6.l6 nig.hul.
1a lemnid
LU.NAR one-half sila (of flour) for PN the na-ru-uq-qu // ka-li-[ti] Izbu Comm. 411.
musician UCP 9 77 No. 99:6, cf. Dar. 125:3;
(portions of meat for) LU.NAR OECT 1 pl. 1. sack, bag - a) in OA: 36 textiles
20:13, 21:11; PN LU.NAR (witness) Moldenke ina 7 na-ru-qd-tim darku are packed in seven
2 No. 5:9; ilten NAR-4?i ana bit PN iltapar ul sacks TuM 1 27c:7, cf. TCL 20 128A:4; naphar
ihuz he sent one of his musicians to PN's 148 subtii 7 luppi 4 na-ru-qd-<tum> 7 ili
house, but he (PN) did not take (him) ABL in all, 148 textiles (were packed in) seven
969:3, 5, 7. leather bags, four sacks, and seven ilu bags
CCT 1 15a:9; na-ru-qam u maski igteni lil
10' in colophons: PN samalld LU na-a-[ru] wiusunu they should wrap together (into
PN, the apprentice musician Gordon Smith one bundle) the sack and the hides VAT
College 110:18 (rel.); tuppi PN samalli L.MAS. 9254:7; 2 na-ru-qi-in Ja liwitim two sacks
MAS na-ru tablet of PN, the apprentice for wrapping Hecker Giessen 6:18; 1 na-ru-
exorcist, the musician(?) Labat TDP pl. 49:85. qdm 6 subati one sack (containing) six
In NA adm. and possibly also in NA rit., textiles BIN 6 185:1, cf. [21 na-ru-qd-an
the reading of NAR is probably zammaru, BIN 4 226:14; 51 na-ru-qd-tum 263 kutdnu
fem. zammartu, cf. Lt za-ma-ru Postgate Palace 51 sacks (containing a total of) 263 kutdnu
Archive 98:11; therefore it is possible that textiles CCT 1 8a:1, cf. BIN 4 168:15; [n]a-
the Ass. and Nuzi words nuaru, nudrtu denote ru-qdm sa dulbatim a sack of .... ICK
a musician different from the LT.NAR, and 2 299:14, for other refs. see dulbdtu; 2 na-ru-
are not the Assyrian variants of ndru, ndrtu. qi-in da qulqulli Hecker Giessen 7:30, of. TCL
20 113:11; na-ru-qum asarderim BIN 6 218:7;
Renger, ZA 59 172ff.
naru see neru.

na-ru-qam 9a
agar riksi kunukkiia ibasiuni
kumram erdama request from the priest the
naru'a'u see nard A s. bag in which my packages are under seal
TCL 19 68:21; 12 na-ru-q4-tim u ebal sikkitim
naruqqu s. fem.; 1. sack, bag, 2. (a dry kunuk seal the twelve sacks and the rope
measure), 3. (a type of business society and around the pegs ICK 1 135:13; 4 na-ru-qd-tim
379
oi.uchicago.edu
naruqqu naruqqu
sa kutdni kunukkl
a PN ICK 2 152:1; 1 na- 9ff.; na-ru-qu (in broken context, preceded
ru-qum kunukka one sack, (with) my seals by guSndtu) KAJ 136:6.
CCT 1 16b:27, of. BIN 4 82:6, CCT 4 10a:5; na-
ru-qdm aptur I opened the sack ICK 1 153:13; f) in NA: KUS.A.[GAl.LA kunukkusu ina
one-third shekel of silver Sim na-ru-qi-im the libbi iktararana mar'itiSu ussebil he put his
price for a sack TCL 4 47:9; one shekel of seal into a leather sack and sent it to his
silver ana na-ru-qd-tim BIN 4 130:6; 26 daughter K.1155:4 (courtesy S. Parpola).
shekels of silver na-ru-qd-tum u unit emdri
(the expense for) sacks and donkey harnesses g) in SB: KTJv.A.GA.LA tuSasbas[su] you
VAT 9218:13; one shekel of silver [a-n]a-ru-
provide it (the figurine) with a bag Kocher
BAM 323:5 (SB inc.), see TuL p. 80; KUS na-
qi-im pazzurim for smuggling one sack KTS
ruq (var. KUS.A.GA.LA) upSdse epqu mehru 9a
59d: 4.
ameliti leather bag of ingredients for black
b) in OB, Mari, Elam: sitta na-ru-ga-tim magic, leprosy(?), and (all other kinds of)
PN ustdbilam 3 BAN qemam u 6 siLA aklam sa things that cause mishaps for human beings
qdtim ina na-ru-qi-im kunkam I am sending JNES 15 142:46 (lipgur-lit.), KAR 72 r. 19, see
two sacks with PN, place under seal in the RA 48 186, see also ASKT p. 86-87, in lex.
sack three seahs of flour and six silas of section.
ordinary quality(?) bread Sumer 14 67 No.
42:3, 6 (Harmal let.); istiat na-ru-qd-am Sa 2. a dry measure holding four karpatu's
saddnim ... iddinam he gave me one sack (OA only): 21 na-ru-uq uttatam mislum
of hematite ABIM 20:59; 1 na-ru-qu-u zi- se'am mislum arsdtim 21 sacks of grain, half
ir-ha-x UET 5 805:10; 1 na-ru-qum PN of it barley(?), half of it wheat(?) Balkan, Ana-
ARM 19 307:1, x goat hides i sna-ru-ga-ti tolian Studies Guterbock 35 1A: 1, of. ibid. 36 2B :5;
for sacks ibid. 323:3 (both early OB); 1 KUS SU.NIGIN GIG 6 na-ru-uq LA j karpat six less
na-ru-qu sa TURUDU ARM 7 237:8; 1 KU na- one-half karpatu of wheat(?) (adding up

ru-uq-qu a burdi OBT Tell Rimah 204:10; 2 na-ru-uq GIG PN 1 na-ru-uq u 2 karpat PN,
5 qa-bu-4 qadu na-ru-uq-qi-ju-nu five .... -s 1 na-ru-uq u 2 karpat PN3 14 karpat Sa
together with their sacks MDP 23 309:10. bu-ri-im 1 karpat PN, 1 karpat PN lines Iff.,
i.e., four n. and 7j karpatu, = five n. and 3-
c) in MB: 55 KUI na-ru-qd-tum TUR.ME§ karpatu) BIN 6 232:10; Sim 40 na-ru-uq
1 KI.MIN ugni 1 KI.MIN sa PN ilqg 1 KI.MIN arSdt Simtija 4 GiN.TA akkarpitim 12 mana
TUR 4 musari sa PN, 55 small leather bags, kaspum imsa (see karpatu mng. 2a) Kienast
one ditto with lapis lazuli, one ditto which ATHE 12:22, cf. TCL 14 53:1 ff.; 19 na-ru-uq
PN took, one ditto, of small size, with four arsdtim damgqtim ina ser PN u PN2 PN 3 iSu
mussaru stones, for PN2 PBS 2/2 105:5ff.; PN and PN2 owe PN3 19 n.-s of good quality
1 na-ru-qu lisdn kalb[i] (in list of apothecary wheat(?) ICK 1 93:1; 9 na-ru-uq 2 gd se'am
supplies) PBS 2/2 107:45, cf. (with various ana PN ahbul CCT 1 26c :9; 100 na-ru-uq
herbs) ibid. 46ff. je'am PN re'im Sa rubdtim habbulam PN,
d) in MB Alalakh, Nuzi: 2 K S A.GA.LA- the queen's shepherd, owes me (x silver and)
ru-qu Wiseman Alalakh 415:10; 9 KUiS.UDU.
one hundred n. of barley ICK 1 13:5; 20
MES ana na-ru-uq-qa.ME nine sheep's hides na-ru-uq uttatum BIN 4 90:4; 1 na-ru-uq
for sacks HSS 16 450:2; 11 KUS.MES a UDU e'am 1 na-ru-uq hiasldtim one sack of bar-
ana na-ru-uq-qa-a DU.MES-u HSS 15 195:6; ley(?), one sack of crushed wheat(?) Balkan,
sheep hides ana na-ru-uq-qa se-'u-ri [ana] Anatolian Studies Giterbock 38 kt f/k 62:2; 1
qdt PN nadnu ibid. 8, also ibid. 193:6, HSS 13
na-ru-uq qemum tnum one sack of ground
419:1, 4, 7, 10. flour TCL 4 84:13, cf. BIN 4 188:19; 5 na-ru-
uq bappiram BIN 6 6:9; 1 na-ru-uqbappirum
e) in MA: 1 na-ru-qum da samedi (in list ... 1 karpat buqlum TCL 20 181 r. 13, cf. 10
of herbs and spices, etc.) KAJ 277:8, of. ibid. na-ru-uq buqlum ibid. 20.
380
oi.uchicago.edu
naruqqu naruqqu
3. (a type of business society and the father's name in his n.-contract or whether
capital used or invested in such business, our father has been paid in full MVAG 33 No.
OA only): (13 individual amounts of gold 246:8 and 10, of. CCT 4 10a:32, cf. also mislam
given by individual persons) Sv.NIGIN 30 sa na-ru-qi-a luptam miSlam a tam krim lups
mana hrura um na-ru-uq PN istu limum PN, tam TCL 4 18:18; tuppam da na-ru-uq PN u
12 sanatim imakkar a total of thirty minas PN2 PN3 ana sa kima PN2 iddamma summa na-
of gold, the n.-capital of PN, he will do ru-qum iqqaqqadBalmiSunu raksatmasalistam
business (with it) for twelve years beginning ekkuluma PN 3 will give PN2 's representatives
in the eponymate of PN, Arkeologya Dergisi the tablet concerning PN's and PN2 's n.-
4/3 20 No. 3:17; sa isserika sahhuruni na-ru- capital and if (the tablet stipulates that) there
qd-tim nas'u those who are lesser men than is joint liability for the n.-capital and that
you are investors (lit. carry sacks) CCT 4 they take over one-third of the profit (and
2a: 16, cf. alkamma na-ru-qd-am nansima u s guarantee one-third) MVAG 35/3 No. 328:14
come, raise business capital, and leave ibid. 20; and 17, see Larsen The Old Assyrian City State
summa Ki.BABBAR 1 GIN mamman ana na- p. 95f.; 2 mana hurdsam inimi tuppam sa
ru-qi-im iddanakkum nanSiam if someone na-ru-qi-i-su ilapputuni isti ummeanisu izizr
wants to give you (even) one shekel of silver zama sumi lilputu be present (pl.) together
for the n., take it HUCA 39 19 L29-563:10, with his investors so that they register me
cf. kasap awilim ana na-ru-qi-im mimma la (as shareholder) for two minas of gold when
tanassi ibid. 24 L29-568:13; kima tagabbiu they draw up his n.-contract TCL 19 54:23;
na-ru-qdm ula ta-ta-si-i CCT 2 26b:7; abi when you come here tuppam a na-ru-qi-k&
a-na-ru-qi-ka(!) adim my father is holding ilapputuni u andku addanakkum they will
(x gold) interest in your n.-venture BIN 4 draw up the document concerning your n.-
17:6; na-ru-qam ana serisu nutaer we have venture and I will hand it over to you
returned the n. to him (the dead merchant's RA 59 162 MAH 19601:6, KTS 34a:6, of. also
brother) RA 59 150 MAH 10823 + 154 Sch. 23:12, tuppam sa na-ru-qi-uliddinakkunuti BIN 6
cf. na-ru-uq ahika asserika utaeru ibid. 35; 48:31; tuppum Sa 40 mana kaspim sa na-ru-
2 mana hurdsam ina na-ru-uq PN sumi PN2 qi-Su ,sa PN Sanim tuppum sa 30 mana
PN3 ilput 2 mana hurdsam ina na-ru-uq PN4 kaspim sa na-ru-uq PN2 a tablet concerning
ahisu sumi PN2 PN3 ilappat PN3 has entered forty minas of silver of his (investment in)
under PN2's name two minas of gold as in- PN's n.-venture, (and) another tablet con-
vestment in PN's n.-venture, (in addition) he cerning thirty minas of silver of (his invest-
will enter under PN,'s name (another) two ment in) PN2's n.-venture (in a list of
minas of gold as investment in the n.-venture accounts receivable) TCL 20 99:16 and 18;
of PN4 , his (PN's) brother TCL 21 244a: 2 and 7; the available silver belonging to PN's house
kima 2 MA.NA.TA hursum ina na-ru-uq PN u sa ana PN2 ana [n]a-ru-qi-im taddinu which
PN, ... sumi PN, ... laptu as soon as the she gave to PN2 for a n.-venture CCT 4
two minas of gold each invested in the n.- 24a:47; munuatija u munudtika ana PN ana
ventures of PN and PN 4 (respectively) have na-ru-qi-im addan (see mundtu mng. 2)
been entered under PN2 's name ibid. 18, of. CCT 4 49b: 16; as soon as you have safely
ina 7 mana hturaim sa na-ru-uq PN sa Sumi arrived at the kdru 40 mana kaspam ana na-
PN2 laptu CCT 5 2b: 7, of. also ibid. 25; our ru-qi-a s bilam lu ina kudim lu a na-ru-qi-a
father left us a record saying sa 2 mana mallima sebilam send me forty minas of
hurdsam i-na-ru-qi-su abuka ina Alim sumi silver for my n.-venture, be it from your
abini ilapputu lu i-na-ru-qi-su jumi abini (own) money, be it from my n.-venture
ilput lu abuni abbu that your father was capital, send me the full amount TCL 4
entering two minas of gold in his n.-venture 18:12 and 14; that the silver la innetteru ana
under our father's name in the City - (bring na-ru-qi-ju illuku is not to be set aside(?) but
evidence) about whether he entered our will go into his n.-venture Hecker Giessen 11:8,
381
oi.uchicago.edu
naruqqu naritu
cf. COT 5 21a:5; x silver ina sa na-ru-qi-im sa my investments commingled with his own
PN nilqe we took from the (silver invested) CCT 4 31b:4; PN is bringing you silver lu
in PN's n.-venture ICK 1 177:12; ina na-rusa qiptija lu <Sa> na-ru-qi-a l ina luqitija
uq PN 15 mana museka nilqe we took your (text lu-pu-ti-a) belonging either to my trust
exit dues of 15 minas out of (your investment or to my n.-venture or to the proceeds from
in) PN's n.-venture KT Hahn 9:4, cf. (also with selling my merchandise RT 31 55:5, see Veen-
leq2) TCL 14 15:33, TCL 21 274:8, BIN 6 22:6; hof Old Assyrian Trade p. 80; x silver Sitat n[a-
ana na-ru-qi-a kuniti akabbas I have to ru-q]i-ia the remainder of my n.-venture
put pressure upon you (pl.) with regard RA 58 122 Sch. 20:5; I will pay all the silver I
to my share in the n.-venture Kienast ATHE can and for the remainder (of the debt) ana
65:30; kaspam sa na-ru-uq PN asbat I tried bit abija na-ru-qi-su errab his n.-capital will
to seize the silver from PN's n.-venture enter the house of my principal BIN 6 199
KT Hahn 7:3; summamin metaku na-ru-qi- r. 11'.
mi-in tatbal if I were dead, you would Ad mng. 1: Veenhof Old Assyrian Trade 37ff.
carry away my n.-capital TCL 19 32:30, Ad mng. 2: Oppenheim, AfO 12 357f., JNES 5
cf. kima jdti a-na-ru-qi-kh ... la marsu 279; H. Lewy, RSO 39 190ff. Ad mng. 3: Lands-
(see marsu mng. 2a-1') ibid. 34; kaspum sa berger, Arkeologya Dergisi 4 21ff.; Oppenheim,
Anatolian Studies Giiterbock 229ff.; Larsen The
na-ru-uq mera' PN lu ina ekallim ussm lu Old Assyrian City-State 176f. and Iraq 39 119ff.
ina PN, mer'egu elliam ... pahhirama collect
the silver of the n.-venture of PN's son, naruitu (or *narratu) s.; (mng. unkn.);
whether it leaves from the palace or comes OA.*
with PN2 , his son TCL 20 84:7; ina ahdt PN
izizma lu sa na-ru-uq PN 2 lu galttiua sa libbi niuhum kunukkija i na-ru-tum sa erubu
PN2 tuppi PN lulammidkama ... gumur-
PN nas'akkim PN is bringing you a leather
dina help PN and let PN's tablet inform you container with my seals and a n. which has
come in TCL 14 47:7.
whether amounts belonging to PN2's n.-cap-
ital or amounts that PN, owes me are con-
cerned, and settle them CCT 2 45b:9; awdtim nariutu s.; musician's craft; OB, Mari,
da na-ru-uqPN u PN2 nigmur we have settled NB; cf. ndru, ndrtu.
the matter concerning the n. of PN and PN 2 GIB ur-za-ba-bi-tu dNIN.URTA = U = d na-ru-ti
Bab. 4 79 No. 3:1, and passim in this text; adi 1 Hg. B II 169, in MSL 6 142.
giqil kaspum na-ru-qu-um ana bit abini na-ru-tam lisahizusinati let them teach
erabim aSdlu ask him about each shekel of them (the daughters of Jahdunlim) the
silver, the n.-capital, that came into our firm musician's art ARM 1 64 r. 7'; IPN IGI.NU.
CCT 2 44b: 6; 81 mana hurdsam inasi[p]kdtim [TUK] ana na-ru-tim ahdzim ana mahrija
ga na-ru-qi-su PN ina GN usahhar in Katila ubliniS they brought the blind rPN to me
PN will deduct the 8j minas of gold from the that she might learn the art of the musician
sipkatu deposits in his n.-venture VAT 9245:4, MCS 2 39 No. 4:4 (= Szlechter TJA 151); ihzi
see MVAG 35/3 p. 102 note a; x minas of LU.NA[R-4]-tu Shiizisi(?) teach her the
gold ana na-ru-uq PN PN2 apik PN2 has musician's art BE 8 98:4 (NB), cf. ihzui LU.
invested in PN's n.-venture ICK 1 20b: 2; NAR--tu ibid. 5 and 10; NAR-tam sa DN lipus
ana [kaspim] sa ana na-ru-uq PN admdkuni let him perform the duty of musician of
ag[tan]amme[ma] sipkatija PN, asuatima Nergal ARM 1 78:14; isiq LU.NAR--tu pani
akna as for the silver that I hold in PN's DN the musician's prebend in the service of
n.-venture, I keep hearing that PN, has kept(!) Ithara Dar. 463:1.
382

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oi.uchicago.

PUBLISHED BY THE ORIENTAL INSTITUTE, CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, U.S.A.

AND J.J. AUGUSTIN VERLAGSBUCHHANDLUNG, GLOCKSTADT, GERMANY

INTERNATIONAL STANDARD BOOK NUMBER

LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOG CARD NUMBER: 56-58292

COPYRIGHT 1980 BY THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO

The OrientalInstitute of the University of Chicago

Second Printing 1992

The preparation of this volume of The Assyrian Dictionary was

PRINTED BY CUSHING-MALLOY, ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN, THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

COMPOSITION BY J. J. AUGUSTIN, GLUCKSTADT, GERMANY

THE ASSYRIAN DICTIONARY

Chicago, Illinois ERICA REINER

Provisional List of Bibliographical Abbreviations

A lexical series a A = ndqu, pub. Ai. lexical series ki.KI.KAL.bi.9 = ana

Provisional List of BibliographicalAbbreviations

Provisional List of BibliographicalAbbreviations

Provisional List of BibliographicalAbbreviations

Provisional List of BibliographicalAbbreviations

Provisional List of Bibliographical Abbreviations

Provisional List of BibliographicalAbbreviations

THE ASSYRIAN DICTIONARY

b) to act against an agreement - 1' in 7' in NA: mannu sa ib-bal-lak-kat-u-ni

nabiriu see nabrd, A. For other refs. see napistu.

Possibly to be connected with the geo-

The equation with kangiskarakku, q.v., nabriu see nabril A s.

*nabrf (fer. nabritu) adj.; born on the

with his seals for deposit or not? CCT 1 49b:7,

In AnSt 8 64 iii 31, ramas ca ni bu su is naburri§ see naburru.

d) to hand over, to surrender, extradite,

VIII 29; sa bi.ib.si.si.ga : Mtu

nad Ilb nadf lb

4' to pitch camp: as you heard mdtum c) to place in storage, to deposit in an

nadf 8b nad 11ib

nadf l1c nadfi llh

j) to be drawn, depicted: Sin gama u [ku] .A.EDINum-muLA, [kus.s]AMINA = na-a-a-

240:7, 255:5, 272:6, 278:5, Kang SACT 1 67:6,

2' with libbu, kabattu: etapla elibumma nagarruru see gardru A.

a) of persons - 1' in gen.: lubada subif

b) for performing incisions in med.: a) end of a month: summa ina na-ag-ma-

JTVI 60 132:10 (NB). [ x ] = MIN Nabnitu X 120f.; na-an-ga LAL+ NIGfI

b) to let return: ill sa GN sa mat Assur d) 11/2: ibakki ut-[t]a-ha-as atta lu

See also nahbbalu. von Bissing, ZA 46 156ff.

b) of a part of a body: uzv na-ah-lap-ti nahlu s.(?); (a garment, or a characteristic

nakaru 9b nakaru 10b

b) to discard, remove from a container: 10. nukkuru to change an agreement, a

nakaru lOc nakaru 11b

nakaru 11c nakaru 13b

b) to be changed, countermanded - 1' in

nakaru 14a nakisu

unu ahut I-nak-ki-sa

8. II/2 to be slaughtered: 8 UDU.SIZKUR

[se-em] A.AN = za-na-nu-um, na-la-a-.um 6.gil .. ub = na-al-ba-nu Nabnitu E 184,

za-la-ag UD = na-ma-rum A III/3:58; za-al NI

2' in personal names: Si-si-na-aw-ra-at d) to clear up (said of an eclipse): summa

b) to prepare a festival, to make festive: 6. nummuru to free (RS only): PN HA.

c) in colophons, catch lines and other

namma §fd nammatu

1 simittu sa GIS~akkulli ... PN sa GIS 1. death, fate: musen an.na.kex(KID)