The document discusses a study on managing rice stem borers through host plant resistance in early, medium, and late plantings of rice varieties. The study analyzed how planting times and rice varieties influenced stem borer infestation. It was found that early sown rice crops showed the most resistance with the lowest borer infestation compared to medium and late plantings.
The document discusses a study on managing rice stem borers through host plant resistance in early, medium, and late plantings of rice varieties. The study analyzed how planting times and rice varieties influenced stem borer infestation. It was found that early sown rice crops showed the most resistance with the lowest borer infestation compared to medium and late plantings.
The document discusses a study on managing rice stem borers through host plant resistance in early, medium, and late plantings of rice varieties. The study analyzed how planting times and rice varieties influenced stem borer infestation. It was found that early sown rice crops showed the most resistance with the lowest borer infestation compared to medium and late plantings.
The document discusses a study on managing rice stem borers through host plant resistance in early, medium, and late plantings of rice varieties. The study analyzed how planting times and rice varieties influenced stem borer infestation. It was found that early sown rice crops showed the most resistance with the lowest borer infestation compared to medium and late plantings.
2015-ag-5079 Management of rice stem borers (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) through host plant resistance in early, medium and late plantings of rice (Oryza sativa L.)
INTRODUCTION Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the dominant staple food in the developing world. More than 90% of the world’s rice is produced and consumed in Asia (Schoenly et al., 1998). Several insects feed on rice, but stem borers are considered the most important rice pests, in particular Scirpophaga incertulas (Walker) and S. innotata (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) (Sigsgaard, 2000). Stem borer S. incertulas usually comprised more than 90% of the borer population in rice. The onset of flooding and stem elongation provided a more favorable environment for S. incertulas. The rice borers’ activity increased steadily during the first 3 to 4 months of flooding, to average 23% damaged stems by the flowering stage. Borer’s activity continued at about the same level as the water receded; to reach maximum annual levels of 38 t o 44% damaged stems at the late-ripening stage. At harvest, 60% of the fields were at outbreak level (> 40% damaged stems) (Catling et al., 1984). It is the serious pest species of ricethroughout the Orient, and abundant both on lowland rice and upland rice attacking young plant even in the nursery stage (Litsinger et al., 1987). In Pakistan, rice crop is attacked by about 70 species of insect pests and out of these, rice stem borers are by far the most pervasive and injurious insects to rice. These borers vary in severity of damage and population intensity (Hashmi, 1994). The rice stem borer S. incertulas, infesting the plant from seedling to maturity, is one of the main problems and yields limiting factors in the rice fields. MATERIALS AND METHODS A field study to determine the incidence of rice stem borers on different varieties of rice in the command area of Nuclear Institute of Agriculture, Tandojam, Sindh, Pakistan, was carried out during the year 2006. Study was conducted to determine the effects of host plant resistance in early (last week of June), medium (second week of July) and late sowings (fourth week of July) of rice varieties [2 Non aromatic IR8 (P) and Sharshar, and 2 aromatic Basmati-370 (P) and Mehak] due to the incidence of rice stem borers. Seeding technique comprised of direct seeding on well prepared flat beds. After 30 days interval, rice transplanting were made starting from The last week of June till the end of July, so as to have a sequence of crop growth for recording the natural incidence of borers. The Rice varieties were sown according to randomized complete block sign with three replicates each having 4.5 m2 plot size. Plant to plant and row to rowd istance of 30 cm was maintained during planting and thinning of crop. All agronomic practices followed were uniform in whole rice field under trial. Recommended dose of synthetic fertilizers were: 1) Nitrogen 60 kg ha-1 half at the time of sowing and half at the time of 1st irrigation. 2) Phosphorous 50 kg ha-1 at the time of transplanting RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Analyses of variance showed that no variety had been observed with consistent number of particular insect pest among the tested varieties, which may suggest varietals potential of test plant to support population of pest. The planting times influenced stem borer infestation and effects of sowing dates and cultivars on pest infestation were obvious. From these studies, it was found that early sown rice crop (last week of June) was the most resistant having the lowest borer infestation among other plantings. Non-aromatic IR8 and Sharshar beard 3.21%, 2.47% deadhearts, 6.05 and 4.24% whiteheads and higher production of 2313 and 2807 g per 4.5 m2 , respectively.
