Lab Report ME8

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The key takeaways are the different parts of a drill machine like the head, spindle, column, table, base and their functions. It also discusses common drilling operations like drilling, countersinking, counterboring, tapping, reaming and boring. Basic safety precautions when using a drill machine are also mentioned.

The main parts of a drill machine are the head, sleeve, spindle, column, table and base. The head holds the electric motor and feed mechanism. The sleeve holds the spindle. The spindle holds the drill bit. The column supports the head. The table supports the workpiece. The base supports the entire machine.

Common drilling operations that can be performed on a drill machine include drilling, countersinking, counterboring, tapping, reaming and boring. Drilling is used to make holes. Countersinking tapers the end of a hole. Counterboring enlarges the upper end of a hole. Tapping cuts threads in a drilled hole. Reaming improves the accuracy of a drilled hole. Boring makes large or odd-sized holes.

National Textile University

BSc. Textile Engineering

Lab Report
Laboratory Course Code: ME-2112

Laboratory Course Title: Engineering workshop practice

Semester: 4th

Section: A

Lab report. 8
Introduction to drill machine, its parts, operations and preparing a job.
Introduction to drill machine, its parts, operations and preparing a job.

Table of contents
Table of contents………………………….………………2
Introduction………………………………….…....………3
Objectives…………………………………….…...………3
Theory…………………………………………….…….…3
Tools………………………………………………...……..5
Procedure…………………………………………...……..5
Precautions………………………………………..……….5

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Introduction to drill machine, its parts, operations and preparing a job.

Introduction:
Objectives:
To study the working of drill machine
To learn the basic operations and parts of drill machine

Theory:
Drill machine:
Drill machine is a powerful tool that not only performs drilling actions but other functions such
as countersinking, counter boring, reaming and tapping large or small holes.

Parts and functions:


Head:
The head of the drill press is composed of the sleeve, spindle, electric motor, and feed
mechanism. The head is bolted to the column.
Sleeve:
The sleeve does not revolve but may slide in its bearing in a direction parallel to its axis. When
the sleeve carrying the spindle with a cutting tool is lowered, the cutting tool is fed into the work:
and when it is moved upward, the cutting tool is withdrawn from the work. Feed pressure applied
to the sleeve by hand or power causes the revolving drill to cut its way into the work a few
thousandths of an inch per revolution.
Spindle:
The spindle holds the drill or cutting tools and revolves in a fixed position in a sleeve. In most
drilling machines, the spindle is vertical and the work is supported on a horizontal table.

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Introduction to drill machine, its parts, operations and preparing a job.

Column:
The column of most drill presses is circular and built rugged and solid. The column supports the
head and the sleeve or quill assembly.
Table:
The worktable is supported on an arm mounted to the column. The worktable can be adjusted
vertically to accommodate different heights of work or it may be swung completely out of the
way. It may be tilted up to 90° in either direction, to allow for long pieces to be end or angled
drilled.
Base:
The base of the drilling machine supports the entire machine and when bolted to the floor,
provides for vibration-free operation and best machining accuracy. The top of the base is similar
to a worktable and maybe equipped with T-slots for mounting work too large for the table.

Uses:
A drill machine is used to cut holes into or through metal, wood, or other materials.
Drilling machines use a drilling tool that has cutting edges at its point. This cutting tool is held in
the drill press by a chuck and is rotated and fed into the work at variable speeds.
Drilling machines may be used to perform other operations such as countersinking, boring,
counter boring, spot facing, reaming, and tapping. The size or capacity of the drilling machine is
usually determined by the largest piece of stock that can be center-drilled. Other ways to
determine the size of the drill press are by the largest hole that can be drilled, the distance
between the spindle and column, and the vertical distance between the worktable and spindle.

General drilling operations:


Drilling:
The drilling process, involves selecting the proper twist drill or cutter for the job, properly
installing the drill into the machine spindle, setting the speed and feed, starting the hole on
center, and drilling the hole to specifications within the prescribed tolerance. Tolerance is the
allowable deviation from standard size. The drilling process must have some provisions for
tolerance because of the over-sizing that naturally occurs in drilling. Drilled holes are always
slightly oversized, or slightly larger than the diameter of the drill’s original designation.
Countersink:
Countersinking is the tapering or beveling of the end of a hole with a conical cutter called a
machine countersink. Often a hole is slightly countersunk to guide pins which are to be driven
into the work-piece; but more commonly, countersinking is used to form depression for flathead
screws.
Counter-boring and spot facing:
Counter-boring is the process of using a counter-bore to enlarge the upper end of a hole to a
predetermined depth and machine a square shoulder at that depth.
Spot facing is the smoothing off and squaring of a rough or curved surface around a hole to
permit level seating of washers, nuts, or bolt heads.
Counter-bored holes are primarily used to depress socket head cap screws and similar bolt heads
slightly below the surface. Both counter-boring and spot facing can be accomplished with
standard counter-bore cutters.

4
Introduction to drill machine, its parts, operations and preparing a job.

Tapping:
Tapping is cutting a thread in a drilled hole. Tapping is accomplished on the drilling machine by
selecting and drilling the tap drill size, then using the drilling machine chuck to hold and align
the tap while it is turned by hand. The drilling machine is not a tapping machine, so it should not
be used to power tap. To avoid breaking taps, ensure the tap aligns with the center axis of the
hole, keep tap flutes clean to avoid jamming, and clean chips out of the bottom of the hole before
attempting to tap.
Reaming:
Reaming a drilled hole is another operation that can be performed on a drilling machine. It is
difficult to drill a hole to an exact standard diameter. When great accuracy is required, the holes
are first drilled slightly undersized and then reamed to size.
Boring:
Occasionally a straight and smooth hole is needed which is too large or odd sized for drills or
reamers. A boring tool can be inserted into the drilling machine and bore any size hole into
which the tool holder will fit. A boring bar with a tool bit installed is used for boring on the
larger drilling machines. To bore accurately, the setup must be rigid, machine must be sturdy,
and power feed must be used. Boring is not recommended for hand-feed drilling machines. Hand
feed is not smooth enough for boring and can be dangerous. The tool bit could catch the work-
piece and throw it back at the operator. First, secure the work and drill a hole for the boring bar.
Then, insert the boring bar without changing the setup.

Tools:
Drill machine
Metal pieces
Punch

Procedure:
The metal pieces were punched in the centre to create a mark for drilling.
The metal piece was then placed on the work table of the drill machine.
The machine was started and drilling was done in the centre of the metal piece where it was
punched.
Both metal pieces were drilled the same way.

Precautions:
Do not support the work-pieces by hand. Use a holding device to hold the work-piece.
Never make adjustments while the machine is working.
Use a brush to clean the chips away.
Wear eye protection while working.

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