NAME: MUYOT, GABRIEL JOSE E.

DATE: 26 September 2017

YR & SEC.: 5th Yr. Sec. 1_ RATING: _________________

GROUP NO.:______________ INSTRUCTOR: Engr. AIVEN DELA ROSA

Activity No. 13

TITLE: Range and Endurance

Objective:

 Determine the Range and Endurance of the design aircraft at max power and at critical
power.

Given:

Wo = 2043.04 lbs (Gross Weight)

Wf = 305.28 lbs (Fuel Capacity)

W1 = WO - Wfused

= 2043.04 lbs – 305.28 lbs

= 1737.76 lbs

S = 136.036 ft2 (Wing Area)

CD = 0.023 + 0.059 CL2 (Clean Airplane)

BHP = 100 hp

Wf = 31.8 lb./hr. (Fuel Consumption)

ηp = ηpDes = 75% (Assumed)

Procedure:

1. Calculate the best range and endurance and their corresponding airspeed at 100% BSFC.
 2. Calculate the best range and endurance and their corresponding airspeed at 75% BSFC
(BSFCCR).

Solution:

o
BSFC = wf
BHP
31.8lbs /hr
=
100 hp

lb
BSCF = 0.3180
h p−h r .

BSFCCR = 75% BSFC

lb
= 0.3180 (0.75)
h p−h r .
lb
BSFCCR = 0.2385
h p−h r .

For Best Range, Rbest@100% :

ηp C W
RBEST (miles) = 375 ( L ) ln o
BSFC C D max W1

Where:

CL 1 πAe
( )
C D max
=
√
2 CD O

From Polar Drag Equation:

0.023+ 0.059 CL2 (Clean Airplane)

 Where:

CDO = 0.023

1
𝞹Ae =
0.059

CL
For ( ) :
C D max

CL 1 1
( )
C D max
=
√
2 (0.059)(0.023)

CL
( ) = 13.5731
C D max

Therefore;

ηp CL Wo
RBEST (miles) = 375 ( ) ln
BSFC C D max W1

0.75
2043.04 lbs.
RBEST (miles) = 375 lb (13.5731) ln
0.3180 1737.76
h p−h r .

RBEST (miles) = 1942.8336 miles

For Best Range, Rbest@75% :

ηp C W
RBEST (miles) = 375 ( L ) ln o
BSFC CR C D max W1

Where:
 CL 1 πAe
( )
C D max
=
√
2 CD O
From Polar Drag Equation:

0.023+ 0.059 CL2 (Clean Airplane)

Where:

CDO = 0.023

1
𝞹Ae =
0.059

CL
For ( ) :
C D max

CL 1 1
( )
C D max
=
√
2 (0.059)(0.023)

CL
( ) = 13.5731
C D max

Therefore;

ηp C W
RBEST (miles) = 375 ( L ) ln o
BSFC CR C D max W1

0.75
2043.04 lbs.
RBEST (miles) = 375 lb (13.5731) ln
0.2385 1737.76
h p−h r .

RBEST (miles) = 2590.44 miles

For Flight Speed at Best Range@100%, V RBEST :

 Wo 2 1
VR BEST
=
√ ( )( )( )
S ρ CL
 Where:

CL = √ π Ae C D o

1
=
√ (
0.059
)(0.023)

CL = 0.6244

Therfore;

2043.04 lbs . 2 1
VR

VR
BEST
=

=
√ (

142.2592
2
)( )(
136.036 ft . 0.002377 slug 0.6244

ft
ft 3
)

BEST
s
ft 15
= 142.2592 x
s 22

VR BEST
= 96.9949 mph

For Best Endurance, EBest@100% :

ηρ C L3 /2 1
−
1
EBEST (Hours) = 778 ( ) √ ρS ( )
BSFC CR C D max √W 1 √ W o

Where:

CL = √ 3 π Ae C D o

1
CL =
√ (3)(
0.059
)(0.023)
CL = 1.0814
 CD = 4 CD O

= 4(0.023)

CD = 0.0920

C L3 /2
For ( ) :
C D max
3
C L3 /2 2
( 1.0814 )
( ) =
C D max [ ]
0.0920
C L3 /2
( ) = 12.2234
C D max

Therefore;

ηρ C L3 /2 1
−
1
EBEST (Hours) = 778 ( ) √ ρS ( )
BSFC C D max √W 1 √ W o
0.75
EBEST (Hours) = 778
0.3180
lb
h p−h r .
(12.2234)
(√ 0.002377 slug
ft )
3
2
( 136.0360 ft )

1 1
( − )
√ 1737.760 lbs √2043.040 lbs .

EBEST (Hours) = 23.7827 hours.

For Best Endurance, EBest@75% :

ηρ C L3 /2 1
−
1
EBEST (Hours) = 778 ( ) √ ρS ( )
BSFC CR C D max √W 1 √ W o

Where:
 CL = √ 3 π Ae C D o

1
CL =
√ (3)(
0.059
)(0.023)

CL = 1.0814

CD = 4 CD O

= 4(0.023)

CD = 0.0920

C L3 /2
For ( ) :
C D max
3
C L3 /2 ( 1.0814 )2
( ) =
C D max [ ]
0.0920
C L3 /2
( ) = 12.2234
C D max

Therefore;

ηρ C L3 /2 1
−
1
EBEST (Hours) = 778 ( ) √ ρS ( )
BSFC C D max √W 1 √ W o
0.75
EBEST (Hours) = 778
0.2385
lb
h p−h r .
(12.2234)
(√ 0.002377 slug
ft )
3
2
( 136.0360 ft )

1 1
( − )
√ 1737.760 lbs √2043.040 lbs .

EBEST (Hours) = 31.7102 hours.

For Flight Speed at Best Endurance, V EBEST :

 Wo 2 1
VE BEST
=
√ ( )( )( )
S ρ CL

2043.04 lbs 2 1
VE BEST
=
√ (
136.036 ft 2
)( )(
slug 1.0814
0.002377 3
ft
)
VE BEST
= 108.0983

15
= 108.0983 x
22

VE BEST
= 73.7034 mph

Conclusion:

Upon the completion of this activity, I was able to compute for the endurance and range of
my design aircraft. The range and endurance of an aircraft is a very important information to avoid
flights which are outside the capability of a certain aircraft.