Chbe 6300 Graduate Kinetics and Reactor Design: Carsten Sievers 8/20/2020
Chbe 6300 Graduate Kinetics and Reactor Design: Carsten Sievers 8/20/2020
Chbe 6300 Graduate Kinetics and Reactor Design: Carsten Sievers 8/20/2020
Lecture 2
Carsten Sievers
8/20/2020
Announcements
Homework 1 and solutions are available on Canvas
Due date: September 1
Recordings of lectures will be available on Canvas starting
with this one.
Previously in ChBE 6300
Thermodynamics define constraints for kinetic processes.
The equilibrium constant defines the end point of a reaction
at a given temperature.
𝐾𝐾 = 𝑟𝑟𝑓𝑓 =
𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟 =
Rate of Reaction
𝐶𝐶𝐷𝐷 𝐶𝐶𝑊𝑊 𝑘𝑘1 2
𝑟𝑟𝑓𝑓 = 𝑘𝑘1 𝐶𝐶𝑀𝑀 𝑟𝑟𝑀𝑀,𝑓𝑓 =
𝐾𝐾 = 2 = 𝑘𝑘
𝐶𝐶𝑀𝑀 −1 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟 = 𝑟𝑟𝑀𝑀,𝑟𝑟 =
𝑟𝑟𝑀𝑀,𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛 =
𝑟𝑟𝐴𝐴 =
With:
𝑁𝑁𝐴𝐴 = 𝑁𝑁𝐴𝐴𝐴 1 − 𝑋𝑋 with X based on limiting reactant
𝑑𝑑𝑁𝑁𝐴𝐴 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
= −𝑁𝑁𝐴𝐴𝐴
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
Batch Reactor
𝑟𝑟𝐴𝐴 =
𝑡𝑡
� 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 =
0
If volume is constant:
𝑡𝑡 =
Expansion Factor
Volume may change due to p, N, or T
For an ideal gas:
𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛
𝑉𝑉 =
𝑝𝑝
But when handling reactions with mole change, need more
equations:
𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 𝑁𝑁𝑇𝑇 𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅
=
𝑃𝑃0 𝑉𝑉0 𝑁𝑁𝑇𝑇,0 𝑅𝑅𝑇𝑇0
𝑃𝑃 𝑇𝑇 𝑁𝑁𝑇𝑇
𝑉𝑉 = 𝑉𝑉0 0
𝑃𝑃 𝑇𝑇0 𝑁𝑁𝑇𝑇,0
𝑁𝑁𝑇𝑇 = 𝑁𝑁𝑇𝑇,0 + 𝛿𝛿𝑁𝑁𝐴𝐴𝐴 𝑋𝑋
Where δ is the change in # of moles over moles of A reacted
(δ= d/a + c/a - b/a - 1)
Expansion factor
𝑁𝑁𝑇𝑇 = 𝑁𝑁𝑇𝑇,0 + 𝛿𝛿𝑁𝑁𝐴𝐴𝐴 𝑋𝑋
𝑁𝑁𝑇𝑇 𝑁𝑁𝐴𝐴𝐴
= 1 + 𝛿𝛿 𝑋𝑋
𝑁𝑁𝑇𝑇,0 𝑁𝑁𝑇𝑇,0
𝑁𝑁𝑇𝑇
= 1 + 𝜖𝜖𝑋𝑋
𝑁𝑁𝑇𝑇,0
Where ε= 𝑦𝑦𝐴𝐴𝐴 𝛿𝛿
𝑝𝑝0 𝑇𝑇
𝑉𝑉 = 𝑉𝑉0 1 + 𝜖𝜖𝜖𝜖
𝑝𝑝 𝑇𝑇0
𝑋𝑋𝐴𝐴 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
̅
Mean residence time, 𝑡𝑡 = 𝐶𝐶𝐴𝐴𝐴 ∫0
(−𝑟𝑟𝐴𝐴 )(1+𝜖𝜖𝑋𝑋𝐴𝐴 )
𝑉𝑉
For liquids and constant density gasses, 𝜏𝜏 = 𝑡𝑡̅ =
𝜈𝜈0
CSTR
Mole balance for the limiting component A:
For constant V,
𝐶𝐶𝐴𝐴
𝑋𝑋𝐴𝐴 = 1 −
𝐶𝐶𝐴𝐴𝐴
For any ε
PFR
PFRs are often used for gas phase reactions
Need to watch for volume change (need 𝜖𝜖 term)
−𝑟𝑟𝐴𝐴 = 𝑘𝑘𝐶𝐶𝐴𝐴 2
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝐹𝐹𝐴𝐴0 = −𝑟𝑟𝐴𝐴
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝐶𝐶𝐴𝐴𝐴 (1−𝑋𝑋)
𝐶𝐶𝐴𝐴 = isothermal, isobaric
(1+𝜖𝜖𝜖𝜖)
𝐹𝐹𝐴𝐴𝐴 𝑋𝑋 (1+𝜖𝜖𝜖𝜖)2
𝑉𝑉 = 2 = ∫0 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑘𝑘𝐶𝐶𝐴𝐴𝐴 (1−𝑋𝑋)2