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    1.3 Fluid Imbalances

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    RNStudent1
    This document discusses fluid volume excess and fluid volume deficit. Fluid volume excess is when the body produces excess fluid, causing issues like weight gain and edema. It can be isotonic, hypertonic, or hypotonic. Fluid volume deficit occurs when the body excretes more fluid than it takes in, potentially leading to hypovolemic shock. Deficit can also be isotonic, hypertonic, or hypotonic. Both conditions are assessed through physical exam findings and labs. Treatment involves fluid management, medications like diuretics, and monitoring for complications.

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    1.3 Fluid Imbalances

    Uploaded by

    RNStudent1
    130 views2 pages
    This document discusses fluid volume excess and fluid volume deficit. Fluid volume excess is when the body produces excess fluid, causing issues like weight gain and edema. It can be isotonic, hypertonic, or hypotonic. Fluid volume deficit occurs when the body excretes more fluid than it takes in, potentially leading to hypovolemic shock. Deficit can also be isotonic, hypertonic, or hypotonic. Both conditions are assessed through physical exam findings and labs. Treatment involves fluid management, medications like diuretics, and monitoring for complications.

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    This document discusses fluid volume excess and fluid volume deficit. Fluid volume excess is when the body produces excess fluid, causing issues like weight gain and edema. It can be isotonic, hypertonic, or hypotonic. Fluid volume deficit occurs when the body excretes more fluid than it takes in, potentially leading to hypovolemic shock. Deficit can also be isotonic, hypertonic, or hypotonic. Both conditions are assessed through physical exam findings and labs. Treatment involves fluid management, medications like diuretics, and monitoring for complications.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    130 views2 pages

    1.3 Fluid Imbalances

    Uploaded by

    RNStudent1
    This document discusses fluid volume excess and fluid volume deficit. Fluid volume excess is when the body produces excess fluid, causing issues like weight gain and edema. It can be isotonic, hypertonic, or hypotonic. Fluid volume deficit occurs when the body excretes more fluid than it takes in, potentially leading to hypovolemic shock. Deficit can also be isotonic, hypertonic, or hypotonic. Both conditions are assessed through physical exam findings and labs. Treatment involves fluid management, medications like diuretics, and monitoring for complications.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 2

    Fluid Volume Excess

    Definition Labs
    A condition in which the body Assessment ❖ Decreased serum
    ❖ Weight gain electrolytes
    has produced excess fluid in the ❖ Metabolic acidosis
    ❖ Ascites
    body. ❖ Hemodilution ❖ Decreased BUN
    ❖ Bounding pulse ❖ Decreased specific
    ❖ Jugular vein distention gravity
    ❖ Crackles in the lungs
    Patho ❖ Pulmonary edema
    ❖ Isotonic ❖ Dysrhythmias
    The extracellular fluid ❖ Acidosis
    compartment is expanded but ❖ Tachypnea
    there is no shift in fluid from the ❖ Dyspnea
    extracellular to intracellular ❖ Aloc
    spaces ❖ Visual disturbance
    ❖ Hypertonic ❖ Muscle weakness
    Rare and caused by too much ❖ Electrolyte imbalance
    sodium intake. Fluid is brought ❖ Increased urine output if not
    in from the intracellular space to kidney related, decreased
    the extracellular space. urine output if kidney related
    ❖ Hypotonic ❖ Pale cool skin
    Excess fluid moves into the ❖ Pitting edema Interventions
    intracellular space and cause ❖ Assess respiratory
    electrolyte imbalances. status
    ❖ Assess cardiac status
    ❖ Monitor daily weight
    W: weight gain, wet lungs
    ❖ Monitor intake and
    E: edema
    output
    T: trouble breathing
    ❖ Restrict fluid intake
    ❖ Restrict sodium intake
    ❖ Administer diuretics
    Causes
    Isotonic
    ❖ Inadequate control of IV
    hydration
    ❖ Kidney disease
    ❖ Malfunction in the
    production aldosterone
    system caused by long
    term corticosteroid
    therapy.

    Hypertonic
    ❖ Excess sodium ingestion
    ❖ Rapid infusion of
    hypertonic saline
    ❖ Sodium bicarb therapy

    Hypotonic
    Priority Nursing Medications
    ❖ Kidney disease
    Loop Diuretics
    ❖ Heart failure Diagnosis ❖ Lasix
    ❖ SIADH ❖ Excess fluid volume Thiazide type diuretics
    ❖ IV therapy ❖ Risk for impaired skin ❖ Hydrochlorothiazide
    integrity Potassium sparing diuretic
    ❖ Risk for impaired gas ❖ Spironolactone
    exchange
    ❖ Risk for complications:
    hypervolemia

    NURSE ANGIE 2018


    Fluid Volume Deficit
    Definition Labs
    A condition in which the body is
    Assessment ❖ Increased serum
    sodium
    excreting more fluid than it is ❖ Elevated BUN
    ❖ Hypotension
    taking in. The main goal of ❖ High specific gravity
    ❖ Tachycardia
    treatment is to replace fluid and
    ❖ Dyspnea
    avoid hypovolemic shock.
    ❖ Flattened neck veins
    ❖ Diminished peripheral pulses
    ❖ Dysrhythmias
    ❖ Lethargy
    Patho ❖ Coma
    ❖ Isotonic dehydration ❖ Decreased urine output
    Hypovolemia; Water and solutes
    are lost in equal proportions .
    Results in inadequate volume
    and impaired tissue perfusion. D: Decreased BP, Decreased urine
    ❖ Hypertonic R: Really tired, Really fast heart rate
    The loss of water is greater than Y: you look for shock
    the loss of electrolytes. Results
    in electrolyte imbalances. Fluid
    moves into the third space,
    Interventions
    ❖ Fluid replacement in 3:1 ratio
    causing cellular dehydration.
    ❖ Monitor urine output
    ❖ Hypotonic
    ❖ Monitor cardiovascular and
    Electrolyte loss is greater than
    respiratory status
    water loss. Fluid shifts between
    ❖ Prepare to administer vasopressin
    compartments causing
    ❖ Monitor weight
    depletion in volume. Cells swell
    ❖ Monitor kidney function
    and potentially lys.

    Causes
    Isotonic
    ❖ Inadequate intake of
    fluids or electrolytes
    ❖ Fluid shifts between Priority Nursing
    ❖
    compartments
    Excess loss of body fluids Diagnosis
    Hypertonic ❖ Fluid volume deficit
    ❖ Excess sweating ❖ Impaired tissue perfusion
    ❖ Hyperventilation ❖ Impaired gas exchange
    ❖ Ketoacidosis ❖ Impaired urinary
    ❖ Fevers elimination
    ❖ Diarrhea
    ❖ Early kidney disease
    ❖ Diabetes
    Hypotonic
    ❖
    ❖ Chronic illness
    Critical thinking Medications
    ❖ Excess hypotonic fluid
    A key thing to remember in fluid In case of shock!
    replacement
    ❖ Kidney disease volume deficit or hypovolemic shock is
    to look the urine output. Decreased ❖ Vasoconstrictors
    ❖ Malnutrition
    urine output can indicate impending ❖ Norepinephrine
    shock and increased urine output can (Levophed)
    indicate reversal of shock. ❖ *Dopamine (in low doses)
    ❖ *Fluid replacement

    NURSE ANGIE 2018

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