Solar Pump Controller

User Manual
 VFD SOLAR DRIVE

Preface

Thank you for using VFD Solar Drive series products. This manual provides you
with relevant operation instructions and detailed description of parameters. Please
read this manual carefully before installation, running, maintenance or inspection.

Please make sure the wiring and the pump’s rotation direction is correct before use.

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Content

Preface ............................................................................................................... - 1 -

Notes for Safe Operation .................................................................................. - 4 -

Chapter 1 How It Works ............................................................................... - 6 -

1.1 Features.................................................................................................................... - 8 -

Chapter 2 General Information.................................................................. - 10 -

2.1 Inspection .............................................................................................................. - 10 -

2.2 Descriptions and Features ...................................................................................... - 10 -
2.3 Protection Features ................................................................................................ - 11 -
2.4 Solar Pump Controller Model Description ............................................................. - 12 -
2.5 Outline &Installation Dimensions .......................................................................... - 17 -

Chapter 3 Mechanical and Electrical Installation ....................................... - 20 -

3.1 Mechanical Installation .......................................................................................... - 20 -

3.2 Electrical Installation ............................................................................................. - 21 -

Chapter 4 Start-up and Operation ............................................................. - 27 -

4.1 Keypad Description ............................................................................................... - 27 -

4.2 Keypad Operation Process ..................................................................................... - 28 -
4.3 Trial operation........................................................................................................ - 29 -
4.4 Running status panel display parameters ............................................................... - 30 -
4.5 User Definable Parameters..................................................................................... - 31 -

Chapter 5 Diagnostics and Troubleshooting .............................................. - 36 -

5.1 Fault Codes ............................................................................................................ - 36 -

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5.2 Common Faults and Remedies............................................................................... - 40 -

Chapter 6 Regular maintenance ................................................................. - 42 -

6.1 Controller and Pump .............................................................................................. - 42 -

6.2 Solar panels............................................................................................................ - 42 -
6.3 Cable ...................................................................................................................... - 42 -

Chapter 7 Backup AC power ...................................................................... - 43 -

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Notes for Safe Operation

■ Before Installation

WARNING
Do not install or operate the controller that is damaged or has missing parts. Otherwise, it
may result in equipment damage or harm life.

■ Installation

CAUTION

◎ Hold the bottom of the controller when installing or moving the controller, cannot just
hold the shell to prevent the injured or broken controller.
◎ Install the controller on nonflammable material like metal. Otherwise it may cause a
fire.
◎ When the controller is mounted in a protective cabinet, the cabinet need to set vents to
ensure ambient temperature is below 40℃, otherwise it may be damaged because of high
temperature.
◎ When install the controller, you should avoid direct sunlight, can be installed under the
PV array.

WARNING

◎ Ensure only qualified personnel to operate. Otherwise it can cause an electrical shock or
damage of the controller.
◎ Make sure the controller is isolated from power supply by the circuit breaker. Otherwise it
may cause a fire.
◎ Make sure that the ground terminal is grounded correctly.
◎ Do not touch the power input terminals of the controller and the pump’s terminals .
Otherwise it may cause an electrical shock.

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■ Operation

CAUTION

◎ Do not open or remove the front cover when operation. Otherwise it may cause an
electrical shock.
◎ Before testing the pump must be installed; cannot make the pump dry-run for a long time. In
order to test the pump, the maximum dry-run time is not more than 15s
◎ If the pump turning is reversed, it can change any two lines of the pump’s three power
lines.
◎ When the water pump is due to the light shadow, it will restart the operation after 120s.
◎ If a water level probe is installed in the well, when the water level is below the level of
water shortage, the water pump will stop. If there is no water level probe, it will need to be
short. If a water level probe is not used, the controller terminal must be short.

■ Maintenance and check

WARNING

◎ Only qualified or authorized professional personnel can maintain, replace and inspect the
controller. Otherwise it may cause damage and injury.
◎ Wait at least 10 minutes after the power failure, or make sure that is no residual voltage
before carry out maintenance and inspection, otherwise it may cause damage.

■ Others

WARNING

◎ If failing to follow these instructions, resulting in damage to the machine, cannot enjoy
the warranty service.

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 VFD SOLAR DRIVE

Chapter 1: How It Works

The VFD solar pumping system serves to provide water in remote applications
where electrical grid power is either unreliable or unavailable. The controller can
convert DC from the PV array to AC，and drive kinds of pumps. In sunny days, the
VFD solar pumping system can continuously pump water. The system without
batteries and other energy storage devices, it is recommended to take water pumped
to a reservoir for later use and water sources are those natural or special such as river,
lake, well or waterway, etc. A float switch can be installed in the water tower to
control the pump operation. And install a low-level probe in well to detect the well
water so that when the water shortage pump is stopped. Figure 1 shows a typical
diagram of a VFD solar pumping system. The major parts and components in the
system are listed after the diagram.

C. PDS23 Solar Pump Controller

F. Water Tower
Float Switch

A. PV Array

B. DC Breaker

E. Well
Level Switch
D. Pump

Figure 1: VFD Solar Pumping System

The VFD solar pumping system is designed which consists of:

A. Solar Array

B. DC Breaker or Disconnect Switch

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C. VFD Solar Pump Controller

D. Pump and Motor

E. Water Source Level Switches (optional)

F. Tank Level Switches (optional)

The VFD Solar Pump controller runs at variable speed while match the changing
power provided by the solar array. Variable speed operation means there is no
in-rush or surge of energy during the pump/motor start-up, helping to eliminate wear
on the motor and pumping system.

Pump Check Valve Requirements

Notice: In order to ensure maximum system reliability and water delivery, check
valves must be installed in the drop pipe. The first check valve must be installed at
the pump and additional check valves should be installed every 30m (100ft) of
vertical pipe after the pump.

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1.1 Features
System Diagnostics

The VFD Solar Pump Controller continuously monitors system performance and
detects a variety of abnormal conditions. In many cases, the controller will
compensate as needed to maintain continuous system operation; however, if there
is high risk of equipment damage, the controller will protect the system and display
the fault condition. If possible, the controller will try to restart itself when the fault
condition subsides. See Diagnostics and Troubleshooting section for a list of Fault
Codes and corrective actions.

Motor Soft-Start

Normally, when there is a demand for water and power is available, the VFD solar
pump controller will be operating. Whenever the VFD solar pump controller
detects a need for water, the controller always “ramps up” the motor speed while
gradually increasing motor voltage, resulting in a cooler motor and lower start-up
current compared to conventional water systems. Due to the controller’s soft-start
feature this will not harm the motor.

Over Temperature Fold back

The VFD solar pump controller is designed for full power operation from a solar
array in ambient temperatures up to 45 °C. In excess of 45 ℃ temperature
conditions，the controller will reduce output power in an attempt to avoid shutdown.
Full pump output is restored when the controller temperature cools to a safe level.

Level Control Switch

The VFD solar pump controller can access two water level switch detects remotely
control the pump automatically. Level switch for VFD solar pump controller is
optional, not mandatory.

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Switching to Backup AC Power

The VFD solar pump controller’s input power terminal may be switched manually
to a backup AC power source.

Note: Depending on the model number, VFD solar pump controllers support power
input either 220VAC single phase or 380VAC three phase, Please contact controller
manufacturer or authorized agencies for details.

When the system is running on back-up AC power, please check for sufficient DC
primary source power every 30 minutes. If the primary DC power is available, shut
down the controller, switch back to primary power and attempt to run on DC
power supply.

NOTICE : A DC circuit switch and a generator power switch must be installed, and
these two switches must be mechanically interlocked each other to prevent
switching on together resulting the solar PV and the generator being connected to
the solar VFD solar pump controller simultaneously! Please check if the design is in
accordance with all applicable national and local electrical codes.

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Chapter 2: General Information

The VFD solar pump controller is a variable speed motor drive designed to run any
IEC three-phase asynchronous motor. The VFD solar pumping system provides
water to remote locations by converting high voltage, direct current from a solar
array into alternating current to run a standard three-phase asynchronous motor.
When solar power is not available, the controller can be switched manually to an
alternate single-phase or three-phase AC input such as a generator or inverter from
battery, if available. The controller provides fault detection, motor soft start, and
speed control. The VFD solar pump controller is designed to provide these features
with the plug and play ease of installation.

The VFD solar pump controller is designed with the high standard of reliability
expected of products. The controller attempts to drive the pump and motor to deliver
water even under adverse conditions, reducing output as necessary to protect the
system components from damage, and only shutting down in extreme cases. Full
operation is restored automatically whenever abnormal conditions subside.

2.1 Inspection
Before you begin, receive and inspect the VFD solar pump controller unit. Verify
that the part number is correct and that no damage has occurred during transit.

NOTE: VFD solar pump controller is one component of a VFD solar pumping
system which has other two optional components, solar array and AC pump with
motor.

2.2 Descriptions and Features

The VFD solar pump controller is based on a standard VFD platform controlling a
standard three-phase asynchronous motor driving a pump powered by a solar array
or an optional AC generator backup.

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The VFD solar pump controller continuously monitors system performance and
incorporates a number of features for pumping system protection. In the event of a
fault, the VFD solar pump controller will indicate the type of fault through the LED
display mounted on the front cover of controller.

The VFD solar pumping system is optimized for pumping under adverse input
power conditions unique to solar arrays：

• Internal diagnostics will tolerate a lower input voltage.

• Whenever possible, the controller attempts to drive the pump load by maximizing
power output from the solar array.
An easy to use interface is provided to enhance configurability and enable remote
system monitoring.
• A LED display provides a detailed indication of system status.
• A small keypad offers flexibility for selection of user options.

2.3 Protection Features

Electronic monitoring gives the controller the capability to monitor the system and
automatically shut down in the event of:

• Dry well conditions – with low level switch

• Bound pump – with auto-reversing torque.
• High Voltage Surge
• Low Input Voltage
• Open motor circuit
• Short circuit
• Over heat
NOTE: This controller provides motor overload protection by preventing motor
current from exceeding rating current and by limiting the duty cycle in the event of
low water level. This controller does not provide over temperature sensing of the
motor.

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2.4 VFD Solar Pump Controller Model Description

2.4.1 Model Description

VFD 2, 3 - 4 T 5R5
① ② ③ ④ ⑤
Segment Description Options
① VFD series
2: Series of 2nd generation.
② Series ID
3: Apply to three-phase induction motor
③ Rated Output Voltage 2: 220V three phase; 4: 380V three phase
S: 310VDC rating, MPPT range 280VDC ～360VDC(Note 1)
④ Input Voltage
T: 540VDC rating, MPPT range 500VDC ～600VDC(Note 2)
⑤ Motor Power Rating 004:4kW; 5R5:5.5kW; R: decimal point

Note 1: Supporting Alternating Current input, with voltage rating of 220VAC single phase connected
to terminal R&T.
Note 2: Supporting Alternating Current input, with voltage rating of 380VAC three phase connected to
terminal R, S and T.

2.4.2 VFD Solar Controller General parameters

General Parameters
Protection
Surge Protection Integrated Overvoltage Protection Integrated
Undervoltage Protection Integrated Locked pump Protection Integrated
Open circuit Protection Integrated Short circuit Protection Integrated
Overheated Protection Integrated Dry Run Protection Integrated
Communication
MODBUS Communication Card Optional, RS-485 Isolated
Others
Ambient Temperature Range -20°C ～60°C; >45°C, Derating as Required
Cooling Method Fan Cooling
Ambient Humidity ≤ 95%RH
Standard Warranty(month） 18
Certificates IEC/EN 61800-5-1,IEC/EN 61800-2:2004,IEC/EN 61800-3:2004,CE

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2.4.3 VFD Solar Controller Input and Output Data

Controller Model VFD-1F3 0 .75KW VFD-1F3 1.5KW VFD-1F3 2.2KW

Input Data
Max Input Voltage(Voc) DC 450V
Recommended Voltage, at MPP DC 280-360V
Recommended PV Array Power[kW] 0.9 ～1.2 1.8 ～2.4 2.7 ～3.5
Alternate AC Generator
Input Voltage Single Phase AC 200-240V(±10%)
Max Amps(RMS)[A] 8.2 14 23
Power and VA Capability[kVA] 1.5 3 4
Output Data
Output Voltage, Rated Three Phase AC 200-240V
Max Amps(RMS)[A] 4 7 9.6
Output Power, Rated[kW] 0.75 1.5 2.2
Output Frequency 0～50Hz/60Hz

VFD Input and Output Data

Controller Model VFD-2.2 KW VFD-4 KW VFD-5.5KW VFD-7.5KW
Input Data
Max Input Voltage(Voc) DC 800V
Recommended Voltage, at MPP DC 500-700V
Recommended PV Array Power [kW] 2.7 ～3.5 4.8 ～6.4 6.6 ～8.8 9 ～12
Alternate AC Generator
Input Voltage Three Phase AC 380/400/415/440V(±15%)
Max Amps(RMS)[A] 5.8 10.5 14.6 20.5
Power and VA Capability[kVA] 4 5.9 8.9 11
Output Data
Output Voltage, Rated Three Phase AC 380/400/415/440V(±15%)
Max Amps(RMS)[A] 5.1 9 13 17
Output Power, Rated[kW] 2.2 4 5.5 7.5
Output Frequency 0～50Hz/60Hz

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Controller Model VFD-11KW VFD-15KW VFD-18.5KW VFD-22KW

Input Data
Max Input Voltage(Voc) DC 800V
Recommended Voltage, at MPP DC 500-700V
Recommended PV Array Power[kW] 13.2～17.6 18～24 22.2～29.6 26.4～35.2
Alternate AC Generator
Input Voltage Three Phase AC 380/400/415/440V(±15%)
Max Amps(RMS)[A] 26 35 38.5 46.5
Power and VA Capability[kVA] 17 21 24 30
Output Data
Output Voltage, Rated Three Phase AC 380/400/415/440V(±15%)
Max Amps(RMS)[A] 25 32 37 45
Output Power, Rated[kW] 11 15 18.5 22
Output Frequency 0～50Hz/60Hz

Controller Model VFD-30KW VFD-37KW VFD-45KW VFD-55KW

Input Data
Max Input Voltage(Voc) DC 800V
Recommended Voltage, at MPP DC 500-700V
Recommended PV Array Power[kW] 36～48 44～59.2 54～72 66～88
Alternate AC Generator
Input Voltage Three Phase AC 380/400/415/440V(±15%)
Max Amps(RMS)[A] 62 76 92 113
Power and VA Capability[kVA] 40 57 69 85
Output Data
Output Voltage, Rated Three Phase AC 380/400/415/440V(±15%)
Max Amps(RMS)[A] 60 75 91 112
Output Power, Rated[kW] 30 37 45 55
Output Frequency 0～50Hz/60Hz

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Controller Model VFD-75KW VFD-93KW VFD-110KW VFD-132KW

Input Data
Max Input Voltage(Voc) DC 800V
Recommended Voltage, at MPP DC 500-700V
Recommended PV Array Power[kW] 90～120 112～149 132～176 159～211
Alternate AC Generator
Input Voltage Three Phase AC 380/400/415/440V(±15%)
Max Amps(RMS)[A] 157 180 214 256
Power and VA Capability[kVA] 114 134 160 192
Output Data
Output Voltage, Rated Three Phase AC 380/400/415/440V(±15%)
Max Amps(RMS)[A] 150 176 210 253
Output Power, Rated[kW] 75 93 110 132
Output Frequency 0～50Hz/60Hz

Controller Model VFD-160KW VFD-200KW VFD-220KW VFD-250KW

Input Data
Max Input Voltage(Voc) DC 800V
Recommended Voltage, at MPP DC 500-700V
Recommended PV Array Power[kW] 192～256 240～320 264～352 300～400
Alternate AC Generator
Input Voltage Three Phase AC 380/400/415/440V(±15%)
Max Amps(RMS)[A] 307 385 430 468
Power and VA Capability[kVA] 231 250 280 355
Output Data
Output Voltage, Rated Three Phase AC 380/400/415/440V(±15%)
Max Amps(RMS)[A] 304 377 426 465
Output Power, Rated[kW] 160 200 220 250
Output Frequency 0～50Hz/60Hz

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Controller Model VFD-280KW VFD-315KW VFD-355KW VFD-400KW

Input Data
Max Input Voltage(Voc) DC 800V
Recommended Voltage, at MPP DC 500-700V
Recommended PV Array Power[kW] 336～448 378～504 426～568 480～640
Alternate AC Generator
Input Voltage Three Phase AC 380/400/415/440V(±15%)
Max Amps(RMS)[A] 525 590 665 785
Power and VA Capability[kVA] 396 445 500 565
Output Data
Output Voltage, Rated Three Phase AC 380/400/415/440V (±15%)
Max Amps(RMS)[A] 520 585 650 725
Output Power, Rated[kW] 280 315 355 400
Output Frequency 0～50Hz/60Hz
Note: according to different regions, the recommended PV array power is 1.2 ~ 1.6
times the power of the controller.

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2.5 Outline &Installation Dimensions

2.5.1 Outline &installation dimensions diagram
W D A

B
H

ø1

Figure 2: 0.75～15KW Outline &installation dimensions diagram

W D A
ø1
ø2
B
H

A
ø1
Figure 3: 18.5～55KW Outline &installation dimensions diagram

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W D A ø1
ø2

B
H
H1

ø1 A

Figure 4: 75～160KW Outline &installation dimensions diagram

W
D A2 A3 A3 A2
A1 A1 ø1
ø2
H

B
H1

ø1 A3 A3

Figure 5: 200～400KW Outline &installation dimensions diagram

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2.5.2: Table of outline &installation dimensions

Installation Dimensions (mm) Outline Dimensions (mm) Holes(mm) Gross
Controller Model Weight
A(A1) A2 A3 B H H1 W D ø1 ø2
(kg)
VFD-1F3 .75KW 113 172 186 126 168 5.3 2.8
VFD-1F3 1.5KW 113 172 186 126 168 5.3 2.8
VFD-1F3 2.2KW 148 236 254 166 191 5.5 4.2
VFD-3F3 2.2KW 113 172 186 126 168 5.3 2.8
VFD-4KW 148 236 254 166 191 5.5 4.2
VFD-5.5KW 148 236 254 166 191 5.5 4.2
VFD-7.5KW 190 305 322 208 211 6 9
VFD-11KW 190 305 322 208 211 6 9
VFD-15KW 190 305 322 208 211 6 9
VFD-18.5KW 235 447 463 289 210 7 12 17.2
VFD-22KW 235 447 463 289 210 7 12 17.2
VFD-30KW 235 447 463 289 210 7 12 17.6
VFD-37KW 260 580 598 390 299 10 17 42
VFD-45KW 260 580 598 390 299 10 17 42
VFD-55KW 260 580 598 390 299 10 17 42
VFD-75KW 343 674 700 978 485 318 10 17 71
VFD-93KW 343 674 700 978 485 318 10 17 71
VFD-110KW 449 903 927 1359 580 394 10 17 169
VFD-132KW 449 903 927 1359 580 394 10 17 169
VFD-160KW 449 903 927 1359 580 394 10 17 171
VFD-200KW 130.5 0 210 1162 1192 1482 680 413 12 24 197
VFD-220KW 130.5 0 210 1162 1192 1482 680 413 12 24 220
VFD-250KW 130.5 0 210 1162 1192 1482 680 413 12 24 220
VFD-280KW 60 80 260 1300 1355 1766 800 400 16 28 290
VFD-315KW 60 80 260 1300 1355 1766 800 400 16 28 290
VFD-355KW 60 80 260 1300 1355 1766 800 400 16 28 290
VFD-400KW 60 80 260 1300 1355 1766 800 400 16 28 290

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Chapter 3 Mechanical and Electrical Installation

3.1 Mechanical Installation

3.1.1 Overheat protection
Install the VFD solar pump controller in a control box with control terminals and
power wiring. Install the control box out of direct sunlight to prevent overheating
and reduced performance. The optimum location is on the mounting pole for the
solar array underneath the array for protection from the sun, heat, and weather
elements. Placing the control box in direct sunlight or high ambient temperatures
will result in reduced performance due to temperature fold back protection of the
VFD solar pump controller. For optimum performance, maximize the shading of the
control box.

It is recommended that use a wire tube to protect the electric wire from the
destruction of wildlife and natural weathering, and bury the wire tube into the
ground to strengthen protection. If you do not use a wire tube, you can use a higher
quality outdoor cable.
3.1.2 Location Selection

The VFD solar pump controller is intended for

operation in ambient temperatures up to 60℃, but
in order to avoid overheating caused by the failure,
it is recommended to install the controller in the
shadow position.

Figure 6: Control Box Location

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The VFD solar pump controller must be installed into a control box which has a tight
enclosure to avoid direct sunshine, rain, dust, moisture, animals, plants, etc. The
control box should have a bottom gland plate for installing wire cord or conduit. To
decide the size of control box, Please refer to the following Figure 6.

100mm
Ventilation
or above
Hot Air Ventilation
PDS Solar
Pump
Controller
50mm or above

Dust Filter
Air Flo PDS Solar
100mm w Pump
or above
Controller

Figure 7: Ventilation Arrangement and Required Distances

3.2 Electrical Installation

3.2.1 Terminals

The following are typical figures of terminal blocks.

Note: Terminals are different in shapes and combinations, depending on different sizes
of VFD Solar Controllers.

Control
Terminals
Main
Terminals

Figure 8: Terminals Arrangement of VFD Solar Pump Controller

(11kW size, with lower part of front cover been cut away.)

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+ - R S T PB U V W

NO FUNCTION
AC INPUT Pump
GROUND

GROUND
Power In
The DC and AC ca n't To reverse direc tion,
input at the sam e time. reverse any two wires.

Figure 9: Main terminals (The sequence may be different from actual product)

M1 M2 M3 COM M4 M5 M6 COM
N0
No Function
NC
Low-water Remote Float Sw itch
sensor probe

Figure 10: Control terminals (The sequence may be different from actual product)

3.2.2 Power in DC Wiring

For Solar Pumping Systems, a two-pole DC disconnect switch must be installed

between the solar array and the VFD solar pump controller.

Connect the cables which comes from the two-pole DC disconnect Switch
downstream terminals marked with “+” and “-” (positive and negative poles of
Solar panel output), to VFD solar pump controller’s terminals block labeled as “+”,
“-”.

Note: The R, S, T terminals are with anti-reverse connection protection; DC power

supply can be connected in the R, S, T terminals, cannot consider the phase
sequence.

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WARNING
Before connect DC wiring, following the steps below to prevent hazardous electric shock
resulting in serious injury or device burning.
• Make sure that the external DC disconnect switch is off.
•To ensure that the polarity of the solar array cable must be properly connected to the
controller's +, - pole, otherwise possible damage the controller.
•Make sure that AC power is disconnected (If AC power supply is wired as backup power,
AC and DC power supply cannot simultaneously put into the controller, otherwise it will
damage the controller.)

3.2.3 Junction box connection

If there are a large number of solar modules, it is needed to use a junction box to
converge the bus to the solar array. The junction box need to install fuses, lightning
protection device and DC switch. The fuse and the DC switch can prevent the short
circuit protection; the lightning protection device can play the direct current side the
lightning protection function. The junction box must be sealed, and water cannot
enter

3.2.4 Ground Wiring

Ground terminal (GND) is labeled as this icon . Please refer to the instruction to
this icon, or other equivalent icon or sign by local electrical codes or international
standard. Correct grounding helps to prevent shock hazard if there is a fault in the
motor.

3.2.5 Motor Wiring

Connect the cable with four wires from the Motor to the controller terminal block to
terminals U, V, W, and GND (See Figure 9). Check motor lead color to ensure
correct installation.。

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Note: To reverse direction of motor rotation, reverse any two wires

US Black（BLK） Red（RED） Yellow（YEL） Ground（GND）

International Gray（GRY） Black（BLK） Brown（BRN） Ground（GND）

Figure 11: Motors with international leads

3.2.6 Low water level probe wiring (optional)

In order to avoid dry pumping lead to pump damage can be connected a wells
probe to the terminals of the VFD solar pump controller, so as to detect the water
level in wells and the wire maximum length cannot more than 50m. If there is no
water level probe for the detection of the water level, please keep the two terminals
of the controller short. The controller can also detect water through the built-in
software water detection function; see section 4.3.

3.2.7 Water tank level float wiring (optional)

Use a floating ball switch to prevent reservoir overflow is recommended. When the
reservoir is full, the pump will stop; when the water level is lower than the low level,
the pump will be restarted. It can prevent the overflow, limit the unnecessary pump
wear. The VFD controller allows the use of small signal line to connect to remote
float switch, even if the position of the reservoir is far away.
sealed
cable clamp

position
pump off

cable pumping
weight range

position
pump on

Figure 12: Floating Ball Diagram

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Floating ball switch request:

1. Three signal line

2. The minimum requirements for 1 mm² line diameter, the distance up to 600m

3. I f the application is in a long distance transmission, the need to use the shielded
wire.The end of the shielding layer close to the controller needs to be grounded, the
end close to the floating ball switch; the end close to the float switch is not required
to be grounded.

If the float switch is not used, the M6 and COM are kept short.

N0
M5 M6 COM

N0

Remote NC
NC
Float Float Switch
Switch
COM
COM

UP: closed
if cable is shielde d, DOWN: open
ground this end onl y normal: open

Figure 13: Float ball wiring diagram

3.2.8 Electrical conduit

When the system installed in the outdoor, electrical conduit can be used to protect
the outdoor electric wires, so as to avoid the impact from the weather, human
activities, chewing animals. If you do not use the electrical conduit, use the higher
quality outdoor wire.

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3.2.9 System Wiring Diagram

Pump

NO FUNCTION
AC INPUT
GROUND

GROUND
Power In The DC and AC To reverse direction,
can't input at reverse any two wires
the same time. Remote Float
Low-water Switch
sensor probe NC
N0

+ - R S T PB U V W COM M4 M5 M6 COM

Float Switch
(optional)

Submersible
Cable Splice

Low Water
Level Probe
(optional)

PV Array Pump Motor

Earth Ground

Figure 14: System Wiring Diagram

NOTE:

1. The float switch is optional; if not use, please keep the terminal M6 and COM
short.

2. Low water level probe is optional; if not use, please keep the terminal M4 and
COM short.

In the case of conventional 250W polycrystalline components, the peak voltage is

30.6V and the open circuit voltage is 37V. Description of the number of input
components in series:

The VFD-1F3 series controller is connected in series with the serial number of the
input components of the 10 ～12 block, and the 250W 280 ～360VDC (MPPT) is
satisfied.
The VFD-3F3 series controller is connected in series with the serial number of the
input components of the 18 ～20 block, and the 250W 500 ～600VDC (MPPT) is
satisfied.

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 VFD SOLAR DRIVE

Chapter 4: Start-up and Operation

4.1 Keypad Description

N o F u n ctio n
In d icato r L ig h t
R U N /S T A N D B Y :O N
RUN LOCAL/REMOT FWD/REV TUNE/TC
S TO P :O FF
D ig ital D isp lay
50.00 HZ

A
N o F u n ctio n
V

U p In crease K ey

P ro g ram /E xit K ey PRG ENTER D ata E n ter K ey

S h ift K ey QUICK S h ift K ey

D o w n D ecrease K ey
STOP S to p /F au lt R eset K ey
R u n K ey RUN RESET

Figure 15: Keypad Schematic Diagram

Symbol Button Name Function Description

program/ exit key Enter or exit of menu, parameter modification

data enter key Progressively enter menu and confirm parameter

UP increase key Progressively increase data or function codes.

DOWN decrease key Progressively decrease data or function codes.

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 VFD SOLAR DRIVE

Use it to select displayed parameters cyclically

during running or stop status. In parameter setting
shift key
mode, press this key to select the bit to be
modified.

run key Start to run the controller in keypad control mode.

In running status, use it to stop the controller.

stop/reset key In malfunction alarm status, use it to reset the
controller.

4.2 Keypad Operation Process

4.2.1 Parameter Setting

Three levels of menu are as following：

• Function code group (first-class)

• Function code (second-class)

• Setting parameter of function code (third-class)

In order to set up the electric automatic start function FD.07=11 as an example, the
modified parameter flow chart is as follows:
Stand By Status First Class First Class Second Class Third Class
(Frequency/HZ) Value Now
D isp lay
R ead in g : 0.00 f0 fd f d.07 10
B u tto n : PRG ENTER ENTER

Run Status First Class Second Class Third Class

(Frequency/HZ) New Value
D isp lay
R ead in g : 0.00 fd f d.10 11
B u tto n : PRG PRG ENTER

Figure 16: Schematic Diagram of Function Parameters

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 VFD SOLAR DRIVE

4.2.2 Fault Reset

After the controller has failed, the controller will display the relevant fault code
information. The conventional fault code (E002/3/4/5/6/7/8/9/10/11/12/18) can
automatically reset after 10s operation, and can also choose to reset the
STOP/RESET on the keyboard. If the conventional failure persists, the controller
will reset once every 10s. Special fault code (E001/13/14) requires the user through
the STOP/RESET key on the keyboard to reset the fault; the controller can continue
to run after the reset.

4.3 Trial operation

● Check and make sure wiring are correct. If needed, take a megger to test the
insulation of motor, cable, etc.；

● Use a multimeter to test the PV output voltage at the DC switch.；

● Power on the controller by switch the DC switch.

● If necessary, modify and set the parameters of motor to the controller

For Example, if the motor which rated frequency is 60Hz, these parameters need
modification:

High limit of running frequency F0.12=60;

Other related parameters are: motor rated power F2.01, motor rated frequency
F2.02=60, motor rated speed F2.03, motor rated voltage F2.04, motor rated current
F2.05.

Note: default motor rated frequency setting is 50Hz.

Slowly start to check the direction

Pressing the RUN/STOP key to start the motor shortly and slowly, and check the
direction of the pump.

If the pump is in dry-run state, the maximum operating time cannot exceed 15s,
otherwise it may cause damage to the pump.

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 VFD SOLAR DRIVE

If the pump is in dry-run, the maximum operating time cannot exceed 15 seconds;
otherwise it may cause damage to the pump. If the pump steering error, close the DC
switch, according to the pump / motor wiring to change the wiring of the motor
section of the two leads.

After the above parts are complete, you can try to run the system.

Let the system work for an hour, check the water supply capacity.

Commissioning finish

When the light is insufficient, the solar power module output power will be
reduced, and the pump operation speed will be very slow until stop. The controller
will attempt to start every 120s, and during the trial run, the running indicator is
always on.

When a shadow suddenly passes through the battery array, the controller will lose
track of the input voltage, and the pump will stop working. But the controller does
not show the fault, the controller will try to restart the pump.

4.4 Running status panel display parameters

Description: press "shift" key to switch

Display code Name Description Unit Remarks

H Operating Frequency The Operating Frequency Hz ◎

Output Voltage Controller Output Voltage V

A Running Current Controller Actual Output Current A ◎

Input Voltage DC Input Voltage V

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 VFD SOLAR DRIVE

4.5 User Definable Parameters

○：The parameters can be modified at stop or running status.

●：The parameters cannot be modified at running status.

◎ The parameters which are actual-detecting record value and cannot be modified.

Function Modifica
Function Descriptions Unit Factory Setting
Code tion Type

F0 Group: Basic Parameters

High limit of
F0.12 30.00 ～60.00 Hz 50.00 〇
running frequency
Low limit of
F0.14 0.00 ～F0.12 Hz 20.00
running frequency
F0.18 Acceleration time 0.1 ～3600 s 10.0 〇

F0.19 Deceleration time 0.1 ～3600 s 10.0 〇

0:Not restore to default
setting
F0.20 Default setting 0 ●
1: Restore to factory setting
2:Fault record clearing

F2 Group: Motor Parameters

Different
F2.01 Motor rated power 0.4 ～400.0 kW according to ●
inverter model
Motor rated
F2.02 10.00 ～F0.10 Hz 50.00 ●
frequency
1500(Different
F2.03 Motor rated speed 0 ～36000 rpm according to 〇
inverter model)
Different
Motor rated
F2.04 0 ～480 V according to ●
voltage
inverter model

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 VFD SOLAR DRIVE

Function Modifica
Function Descriptions Unit Factory Setting
Code tion Type
Different
Motor rated
F2.05 0.8 ～2000 A according to ●
current
inverter model

F7 Group: Display Interface Parameters

F7.00 User password 0 ～9999 0 〇

Manufacturer
F7.02 Reserved 0 〇
debug
Module
F7.09 0 ～100.0 ℃ ●
temperature
Inverter firmware
F7.10 ◎
version
Accumulative
F7.11 0 ～9999 hour ◎
running time

FA Group: Protection and Malfunction Parameters

0: No fault
1: Inverter module protection
(E001)
Fault record of the 2. Over-current when
FA.14 ◎
one before last accelerate (E002)
3: Over-current when
decelerate (E003)
4: Over-current at constant
speed (E004)
5: Over-voltage when
accelerate (E005 )
6: Over-voltage when
decelerate (E006)
FA.15 Last fault record 7: Over-voltage at constant 〇
speed (E007)
8:Hardware overvoltage
(E008)
9:Under voltage (E009)

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 VFD SOLAR DRIVE

Function Modifica
Function Descriptions Unit Factory Setting
Code tion Type
10:Inverter overload (E010)
11:Motor overload (E011)
12:Phase-lack of input (E012)
13:Phase-lack of output
(E013)
14:Heatsink overheating
(E014)
15:External fault (E015)
Current fault 16:Communication fault
FA.16 〇
record (E016)
17:Reserved
18:Current detection fault
(E018)
20:Well level fault(E020)
21:Tank level fault(E021)
22:EEPROM fault (E022)
26:Water shortage fault
(E026)

Running
FA.17 frequency when Hz ◎
fault occurs

Output current
FA.18 A ◎
when fault occurs

DC bus voltage
FA.19 V ◎
when fault occurs

FD Group: Solar pumping special parameters

Auto start when 10：Disable

FD.07 10 〇
power on 11：Enable
Water shortage
FD.10 0 ～250 (0: disabled) s 10 〇
detection time

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 VFD SOLAR DRIVE

Function Modifica
Function Descriptions Unit Factory Setting
Code tion Type
Lowest running
FD.11 frequency when 0.00 ～F0.10 Hz 20.00 〇
yielding water

Water shortage
detection current
FD.12 ratio 80.0 ～300.0 % 150.00 〇
corresponding to
no-load current

Interval of water
FD.13 1 ～9000 min 20 〇
shortage detection

Parameter interpretation:

F0.14, Low limit of running frequency: this parameter defaults to 20Hz, when the
light becomes weak, and the controller output frequency is lower than F0.14, the
controller will be in standby mode. After the light becomes strong, the controller
will rerun. Can set this parameter artificially, in order to avoid pump at low speed
without water, reduce the pump abrasion at low speed.

F2.01-F2.05, Motor parameter: the user can be set according to the actual pump
motor nameplate parameters

F7.00 user password: the user can set a 5 digits password; after the password is set
up and confirmed, the password will be valid for a minute.

FD.07, Automatic start when power on: the factory defaults to 10 (disabled).It can
be set to 11 (enabled), then as long as the solar module power supply, the controller
will automatically start and achieve automatic operation of the whole day.

FD.10 water shortage detection time: when applied to a deep well pump, not using
the water level probe to detect the water shortage, the controller can use the built-in
water shortage detection function to complete the water shortage detection. When
this parameter is not 0, the software will start the function of water shortage.

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 VFD SOLAR DRIVE

Software shortage detection principle: If the water shortage happens, the controller
will still run FD.10 time, after that it will appear the water shortage fault E026. The
fault will be reset and the controller will restart automatically after 20 minutes. If
there is no water shortage but fails E026, it may appear false; then you can simply
reduce FD.12 value.

WARNING: DO NOT touch any other piece inside the VFD Solar pump controller
while power is applied. To service any other areas of the controller, disconnect ALL
power sources and wait 5 minutes before continuing.

For the selection of VFD solar pump controller, it can be matched with the power of
the pump. However, if the controller drives a submersible pump, please use a
higher-rated controller; if the length of cable is more than 100m, add an output
reactor. For example, to an application of 50m deep well, a 5.5kW controller should
be selected to control a 4kW motor.

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 VFD SOLAR DRIVE

Chapter 5: Diagnostics and Troubleshooting

The VFD solar pump controller will attempt to drive the pump to deliver water even
under adverse conditions. To ensure years of reliable service, it must also protect the
system components from conditions that might result in equipment damage. When
adverse conditions arise, the controller will continue to deliver as much water as
possible at reduced output if necessary, and will shut down only in extreme cases.
Full operation will resume automatically whenever abnormal conditions subside.

If the controller has stopped to indicate a fault code on the display, the associated
time-out delay will vary depending on the nature of the fault. The number following
the “E” symbol corresponds to the error code for the offending condition.

5.1 Fault Codes

Fault
Fault description Possible causes Remedy
code

Too short acceleration time Increase acceleration time

Damaged IGBT module Ask for support

E001 IGBT module fault Malfunction caused by Inspect external equipment
interference and eliminate interference

Improperly grounding Check grounding wire

Too fast acceleration Increase acceleration time

Check the input power

Over-current during Too low input voltage
E002 supply or wiring
acceleration
Replace with higher-rating
Lower-rating controller
controller

E003 Over-current during Too-fast deceleration Increase deceleration time

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 VFD SOLAR DRIVE

Fault
Fault description Possible causes Remedy
code

deceleration Too-heavy and large-inertia load Add proper braking units

Replace with higher-rating

lower-rating controller
controller

Sudden change of load Check the load

Over-current at Check the input power

Too low input voltage
E004 constant running supply or wiring
speed
Replace with higher-rating
Lower-rating controller
controller

Abnormal input voltage Check input power

Over-voltage during
E005 Restart the motor when Avoid prompt restart when
acceleration
instantaneous trip-off occurs trip-off

Too-fast deceleration Add proper braking units

Over-voltage during
E006 Check input power supply or
deceleration Abnormal input voltage
wiring

Over-voltage at
Install proper input AC
E007 constant running Abnormal input voltage
reactor
speed

Check input power supply or

Abnormal input voltage
Hardware wiring
E008
over-voltage Increase deceleration time
Too-fast deceleration

Under voltage of Check input power supply or

E009 Too-low input voltage
DC bus wiring

Too fast acceleration Increase acceleration time

E010 Controller overload
Restart the motor when Avoid prompt restart when
instantaneous trip-off occurs trip-off

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 VFD SOLAR DRIVE

Fault
Fault description Possible causes Remedy
code

Check input power supply or

Too-low input voltage
wiring

Replace with higher-rating

Too-heavy load
controller

Check input power supply or

Too-low input voltage
wiring
E011 Motor overload
Replace with higher-rating
Lower-rating controller
controller

Broken wires in the output cable

Broken wires in the motor Check the wiring and

E013 Output phase loss
winding installation

Loose output terminals

Instantaneous over-current of
Refer to over-current remedy
controller

Output short circuit Re-wiring of output

Cooling fans of controller

Replace cooling fan and
stopped or damaged. Obstruction
clear the ventilation channel
of ventilation channel
E014 Controller overheat
Decrease the ambient
Too-high ambient temperature
temperature if possible

Inspect and tighten the wire

Loose cables or terminals
and terminals

Abnormal power circuit

Ask for support
Abnormal control PCB board

Improper baud rate setting Set proper baud rate

Communication
E016 Push STOP/RESET to reset
fault Receive wrong data
and ask for support

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 VFD SOLAR DRIVE

Fault
Fault description Possible causes Remedy
code

Long-time communication Check communication

interruption devices and cables

Loose wires or connectors of Check the wiring and

control board connectors
Current detection Amplifying circuit abnormal
E018
fault
Hall sensor is damaged Ask for support

Power circuit abnormal

Wait for water to recover or

E020 Well Level Fault Dry well or slow water recovery
reinstall the pump

Wait until water level comes

below the low level limit,
Tank Level Fault
E021 High level limit is reached. and then the VFD Solar
before auto start
controller will start the pump
again

Read/ Write fault of control

Push STOP/RESET to reset
E022 EEPROM fault parameters

EEPROM damaged Ask for support

Stop the controller Repair

Water shortage of water source broken wiring or replace
water level switch

Verify if the setting of FD.12

E026 Water shortage fault "Water shortage detection current
ratio" is too high, while FD.10 Reduce setting value of
"Water shortage detection time" FD.12
is non-zero and the current
sensing is enabled.

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 VFD SOLAR DRIVE

5.2 Common Faults and Remedies

The VFD solar pump controller may have following faults or malfunctions during
operation, please refer to the following remedies.

5.2.1 Pump cannot run

The main problem of the new system is that the wiring is not standardized and the
controller terminal line falls，so that the pump cannot run. Sometimes the RUN
indicator light on the keyboard is bright, and the controller also has voltage output,
but may be the solar array does not have enough power to start the pump; then the
controller will attempt to start the pump every 120s. There are the following reasons
for the pump cannot run:

① If there is no enough sun light, and the controller's input power is not enough.

② Motor wiring errors cause the pump to reverse, change the wiring.

③ The motor shaft vibrates and cannot rotate, it may be caused by the wiring errors;
Need to re check the motor wiring.

④ Pumps and pipes are clogged with mud and debris, and the pump can't run

5.2.2 Controller over current overload fault（E002/3/4/10/11）

The controller appears over current and overload failure may be due to the following
reasons:

① The pump or pipe plug causes the pump current increase and the controller
protection; Need to pull out the pump and check

② Because of the increase in operating current of the pump, which is caused by the
pump wire is too long, the controller will be protected, and the controller will be
enlarged to use.

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 VFD SOLAR DRIVE

5.2.3 DC switch trip when power on

① A multimeter can be used to check the internal circuit of the controller, if there is
a short circuit, the machine has been damaged

② Check if the machine has a burning smell; if there is a burning smell, please
contact the agent to replace the controller

5.2.4 The keyboard without display after power on

① Use a multimeter to measure the input voltage of the controller; check the
voltage is normal.

② Check if the machine has a burning smell; if there is a burning smell, please
contact the agent to replace the controller

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 VFD SOLAR DRIVE

Chapter 6: Regular maintenance

6.1 Controller and Pump

• Controller

Periodically checking of Status display, error code display and fault record, long
term verification of cooling fan and cleaning of heat sink are needed.

• pump

The pump’s motor is permanently sealed, no need to maintain. Pump head is a

mechanical device, may be used for a period of time, due to the sand in the water,
and other impurities cause a certain wear, the performance of the pump needs to be
regularly detected. If the flow of the pump is less than the normal value, may need to
be replaced.

6.2 Solar panels

Periodically cleaning of the surface of panels and checking wiring are required.

6.3 Cable
Need to regularly check the power cable and ground wire to make sure all the wires
are reliably connected and without being corroded.

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 VFD SOLAR DRIVE

Chapter 7: Backup AC power

In order to ensure continuous water supply, solar water pump system can be
manually switched to standby AC power supply when the light is insufficient or wet
days. When switching, the need to ensure that the DC and AC power supply reliable
mutual lock. Backup AC power source can be a local power grid, or a diesel
generator (please refer to the 2.4.3 technical form).

Warning: at any time, only one power supply can be entered, otherwise it may cause
the controller to damage.

Take three phase 380VAC backup AC power supply for example, the wiring is
shown in the following diagram:
NO FUNCTION

AC INPUT Pump
GROUND

GROUND

Power In The DC and AC To reverse

can't input at direction,reverse
the same time . any two wires Remote Float
Switch
NC
N0

+ - R S T PB U V W COM M4 M5 M6 COM

Float Switch
(optional)

DC Switch AC Switch

Backup Submersible
Cable Splice
AC Power

Low Water
Level Probe
(optional)

PV Array
Earth Ground
Pump Motor

Figure 17: schematic diagram of alternate AC power supply

If the pump motor rated voltage is three-phase 220-240VAC, then the single-phase
220VAC standby power supply L/N power line, need to be connected to the main
terminal R/T of the controller

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System Repor

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