Formulas Well Surface 2015 PDF

Basic
Water Treatment Math Formulas for Surface and Well Exams
These formulas are intended to serve as a general resource and are not intended to be an all‐inclusive list.

AREA
Rectangle: A, ft2 = L * W
Circle: A, ft2 = 0.785 * D2
VOLUME
Rectangular Tank: V, ft3 = L * W * H
Circular Pipe or Tank: V, ft3 = 0.785 * D2 * H

FORCE
Force, lbs = Area, Sq. Inches x PSI

DOSAGE (Pounds Formula)
Lbs = mg/L * MGD * 8.34

Mg/L = lbs
MGD * 8.34
FLUORIDATION
AFI = Molecular Weight of Fluoride/Total Molecular Weight of Chemical * (100)

Feed Rate, lbs/day = (Dosage, mg/L)(Flow, MGD)(8.34, lbs/gal)
(Fluoride Solution, as a decimal)(Purity, as a decimal)

Feed Rate, gpd = Feed Rate, lbs/day
Chemical Solution, lbs/gal

Feed Dose, mg/L = Desired Dose, mg/L – Actual Concentration, mg/L

Mixture Strength, % = (Tank, gal)(Tank, %)+(Vendor, gal)(Vendor, %)
Tank, gal + Vendor, gal
For Saturator
Feed Rate, gpd = Capacity, gpd * dose, mg/L
18,000 mg/L
FILTRATION
Filtration Rate (gpm/ft2) = flow, gpm
Surface Area ft2

Backwash Water, (gal) = (Backwash Flow, gpm)(Backwash Time, min)

Backwash Flow, (gpm) = (Filter Area sq. ft.)(Backwash Rate, gpm/sq ft.)

Backwash % = (Total Backwash, gal)(100%)
Totaled Filtered, gal

Rate of Rise, (ft/min) = Backwash Rate, gpm/ft2
7.48 gals/ft3

Revised 9/15

PUMPS AND MOTORS
Water, whp = (Flow, gpm)(Total Water Head, ft)
3,960

Brake, bhp = (Flow, gpm)(Head, ft.)
(3,960)(Decimal Pump Efficiency)

Motor, mhp = (Flow, gpm)(Head, ft.)
(3,960)(Decimal Pump Efficiency)(Decimal Motor Efficiency)

Total Dynamic Head, ft = Static Head, ft. + Friction Loss, ft.

Cost = Motor, hp * .746 kW * Cost * Hrs. * Days

DISINFECTION
Well Disinfection
Chlorine Required/gallon =
(Casing Volume, gal)(Desired Dose, mg/L)
Chlorine Solution, mg/L

Dose (mg/L) = Demand (mg/L) + Residual (mg/L)

Chlorine Demand (mg/L) = Chlorine Dose (mg/L) – Chlorine Residual (mg/L)

Residual (mg/L) = Dosage (mg/L) – Demand (mg/L)

Chlorine lbs. =
(Hypochlorite, gal)(8.34 lbs/gal)(Hypochlorite, %)
100%
Hypochlorite strength, % =
(Chlorine required, lbs/day)(100%)
(Hypochlorinator Flow, gal/day)(8.34 lbs/gal)

Water Added, gal to hypochlorite solution =
(Hypo, gal)(Hypo, %)‐(Hypo, gal)(Desired Hypo, %)
Desired Hypo, %

DETENTION TIME (Minutes)
(Basin Vol, gal)(24 hr/day)(60 min/hr)
Flow, gal/day

MEMBRANE TREATMENT PROCESS
Efficiency, % = (Mass In – Mass Out)(100%)
Mass In

Recovery, % = (Product Flow, MGD)(100%)
Feed Flow, MGD

Mineral Rejection, % = 1 ‐ Product TDS, mg/L (100%)
Feed TDS, mg/L
Revised 9/15

ION EXCHANGE
Grains/gallon = Total Hardness, mg/L
17.1 mg/L/Grain

Hardness, mg/L = (Hardness, grains/gal)(17.1 mg/L)
1 grain/gal

Exchange Capacity, grains = (Media Volume, ft3)(Removal Capacity, grains/ft3)

Water Treated, gal = Exchange Capacity, grains
Hardness Removed, grains/gal.

Bypass Water, gal = (Softener Capacity, gal)(Bypass Flow, gpd)
Softener Flow, gpd

Total Hardness, mg/L as CaCO3 =
Calcium Hardness, + Magnesium Hardness
(mg/L as CaCO3) (mg/L as CaCO3)

COAGULATION and FLOCULATION

Polymer, lbs = (Polymer solution, gal)(8.34 lbs./gal)(Polymer, %)(Sp Gr)
100%

Polymer, % = (Dry Polymer, lbs.)(100%)
(Dry Polymer, lbs + Water, lbs.)

Liquid Polymer, gals = (Polymer Solution, %)( Volume of Solution, gal)
(Liquid polymer, %)
VELOCITY
Q = A * V V = Q / A A = Q / V

TEMPERATURE
Temperature, oC = (oF ‐ 32 oF) / 1.8
Temperature, oF = (1.8 * oC) + 32 oF

Revised 9/15

CONSTANTS
1. 2.54 centimeters = 1 inch
2. 3.28 feet = 1 meter
3. 43,560 square feet = 1 acre
4. 640 acres = 1 square mile
5. 7.48 gallons = 1 cubic foot
6. 1.0 gallon of water = 8.34 lbs
7. 1.0 liter = 1,000 cubic centimeters
8. 1.0 liter = 1,000 milliliter (ml)
9. 1.0 gallon = 3.785 liters
10. 1.0 pound = 7,000 grains
11. 1.0 pound = 453.5 grams
12. 1.0 grain per gallon = 17.1 parts per million (p.p.m.)
13. 1.0 grain - 0.0648 grams
14. 1.0 p.p.m. = 8.34 lbs. per million gallons of water
15. 1.0 cubic foot of water weighs 62.4 pounds
16. 1.0 gram = 15.43 grains
17. 1.0 ounce = 28.35 grams
18. 1.0 ounce = 29.57 milliliter (ml)
19. 1.0 quart = 0.9464 liters
20. 1.0 foot of water = .433 psi
21. 1.0 psi = 2.31 feet of water
22. 1.0 inch of mercury = 1.13 feet of water
23. 1.0 Horsepower = 33,000 ft. lbs. per minutes
24. 1.0 Horsepower = 746 watts
25. 1.0 million gallons per day = 1.55 cubic feet per second
26. 1.0 million gallons per day 694 gallon per minute
27. 1 day = 1440 minutes
28.  = 3.14
29. 1 meter = 100 centimeters
30. 1.0 kilograms = 2.205 lbs
31. 1 mile = 5,280 ft.

Revised 9/15

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