Units and Conversions: Appendix

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Appendix

A
Units and Conversions
645
Item USCS units

SI units

USCS to SI conversion SI to USCS conversion


Mass slug (slug) kilogram (kg) 1 lb = 0.45359 kg 1 kg = 0.0685 slug
pound mass (lbm) 1 slug = 14.594 kg 1 kg = 2.205 lb
1 U.S. ton = 2,000 lb metric tonne (t) = 1,000 kg 1 U.S. ton = 0.9072 t 1 t = 1.1023 U.S. ton
1 long ton = 2,240 lb 1 long ton = 1.016 t 1 t = 0.9842 long ton
Length inch (in) millimeter (mm) 1 in = 25.4 mm 1 mm = 0.0394 in
1 foot (ft) = 12 in 1 meter (m) = 1,000 mm 1 ft = 0.3048 m 1 m = 3.2808 ft
1 mile (mi) = 5,280 ft 1 kilometer (km) = 1,000 m 1 mi = 1.609 km 1 km = 0.6214 mi
Area square foot (ft
2
) square meter (m
2
) 1 ft
2
= 0.0929 m
2
1 m
2
= 10.764 ft
2
1 acre = 43,560 ft
2
1 hectare = 10,000 m
2
1 acre = 0.4047 hectare 1 hectare = 2.4711 acre
Volume cubic inch (in
3
) cubic millimeter (mm
3
) 1 in
3
= 16387.0 mm
3
1 mm
3
= 6.1 10
5
in
3
cubic foot (ft
3
) 1 liter (L) = 1,000 cm
3
(cc) 1 ft
3
= 0.02832 m
3
1 m
3
= 35.3134 ft
3
1 U.S. gallon (gal) = 231 in
3
1 cubic meter (m
3
) = 1,000 L 1 gal = 3.785 L 1 L = 0.2642 gal
1 barrel (bbl) = 42 gal 1 bbl = 158.97 L 1 m
3
= 6.2905 bbl
= 0.15897 m
3
1ft
3
= 7.4805 gal
1 bbl = 5.6146 ft
3
Density slug per cubic foot (slug/ft
3
) kilogram/cubic meter (kg/m
3
) 1 slug/ft
3
= 515.38 kg/m
3
1 kg/m
3
= 0.0019 slug/ft
3
Specic weight pound per cubic foot (lb/ft
3
) newton per cubic meter 1 lb/ft
3
= 157.09 N/m
3
1 N/m
3
= 0.0064 lb/ft
3
(N/m
3
)
Viscosity (Absolute or lb/(ft s) 1 poise (P) = 0.1 Pa s 1 cP = 6.7197 10
4
lb/(ft s)
dynamic) (lb s)/ft
2
1 centipoise (cP) = 0.01 P 1 (lb s)/ft
2
= 47.88 (N s)/m
2
1 (N s)/m
2
= 0.0209 (lb s)/ft
2
1 poise = 1 (dyne s)/cm
2
1 (lb s)/ft
2
= 478.8 poise 1 poise = 0.00209 (lb s)/ft
2
1 poise = 0.1 (N s)/m
2
Viscosity (kinematic) ft
2
/s m
2
/s 1 ft
2
/s = 0.092903 m
2
/s 1 m
2
/s = 10.7639 ft
2
/s
SSU

, SSF

stoke (S), centistoke (cSt) 1 cSt = 1.076 10


5
ft
2
/s
Flow rate cubic foot/second (ft
3
/s) liter/minute (L/min) 1 gal/min = 3.7854 L/min 1 L/min = 0.2642 gal/min
gallon/minute (gal/min) cubic meter/hour (m
3
/h) 1 bbl/h = 0.159 m
3
/h 1 m
3
/h = 6.2905 bbl/h
barrel/hour (bbl/h)
barrel/day (bbl/day)
6
4
6
Force pound (lb) newton (N) = (kg m)/s
2
1 lb = 4.4482 N 1 N = 0.2248 lb
Pressure pound/square inch, pascal (Pa) = N/m
2
1 psi = 6.895 kPa 1 kPa = 0.145 psi
lb/in
2
(psi)
1 lb/ft
2
= 144 psi 1 kilopascal (kPa)
= 1,000 Pa
1 megapascal (MPa)
= 1,000 kPa
1 bar = 100 kPa 1 psi = 0.069 bar 1 bar = 14.5 psi
kilogram/square centimeter 1 psi = 0.0703 kg/cm
2
1 kg/cm
2
= 14.22 psi
(kg/cm
2
)
Velocity foot/second (ft/s) meter/second (m/s) 1 ft/s = 0.3048 m/s 1 m/s = 3.281 ft/s
mile/hour (mi/h)
= 1.4667 ft/s
Work and energy foot-pound (ft lb) joule (J) = N m 1 Btu = 1055.0 J 1 kJ = 0.9478 Btu
British thermal unit (Btu)
1 Btu = 778 ft lb
Power (ft lb)/min joule/second (J/s) 1 Btu/h = 0.2931W 1 W= 3.4121 Btu/h
Btu/hour (Btu/h) Watt (W) = J/s
Horsepower (HP) 1 kilowatt (kW) = 1,000 W 1 HP = 0.746 kW 1 kW= 1.3405 HP
1 HP = 33,000 (ft lb)/min
Temperature degree Fahrenheit (

F) degree Celsius (

C) 1

F =
9
5

C + 32 1

C = (

F 32)/1.8
1 degree Rankine Kelvin (K) =

C + 273 1

R = 1.8 K 1 K =

R/1.8
(

R) =

F + 460
Thermal conductivity Btu/(h ft

F) W/(m

C) 1 Btu/(h ft

F) 1 W/(m

C) = 0.5778
= 1.7307 W/(m

C) Btu/(h ft

F)
Heat transfer Btu/(h ft
2

F) W/(m
2

C) 1 Btu/(h ft
2

F) 1 W/(m
2

C) =0.1761
coefcient = 5.6781 W/(m
2

C) Btu/(h ft
2

F)
Specic heat Btu/(lb

F) kJ/(kg

C) 1 Btu/(lb

F) = 4.1869 1 kJ/(kg

C) = 0.2388
kJ/(kg

C) Btu/(lb

F)

USCS = U.S. Customary System.

SI = Syst` eme International (modied metric).

Kinematic viscosity in SSU and SSF are converted to viscosity in cSt using Eqs. (6.6) through (6.9).
6
4
7

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