Tugas Rutin

Tugas Rutin
1. A solution of phosphoric acid was made by dissolving 10.0 g H 3PO4 in 100.0 mL

water. The resulting volume was 104 mL. Calculate the density, mole fraction,
molarity, and molality of the solution. Assume water has a density of 1.00 g/cm3.
2. An aqueous antifreeze solution is 40.0% ethylene glycol (C 2H6O2) by mass. The
density of the solution is 1.05 g/cm 3. Calculate the molality, molarity, and mole
fraction of the ethylene glycol
3. The lattice energy* of NaI is -686 kJ/mol, and the enthalpy of hydration is -694
kJ/mol. Calculate the enthalpy of solution per mole of solid NaI. Describe the
process to which this enthalpy change applies.
4. Although Al(OH)3 is insoluble in water, NaOH is very soluble. Explain in terms of
lattice energies.
5. Which solvent, water or carbon tetrachloride, would you choose to dissolve each
of the following? a. KrF2b. MgF2 c. SF2 d. CH2O e. SO2 f. CH2PCH2g. CO2
6. The solubility of nitrogen in water is 8.21x 10 -4mol/L at 0 oC when the N2 pressure
above water is 0.790 atm. Calculate the Henry’s law constant for N 2 in units of
mol/L .atm for Henry’s law in the form C =kP, where C is the gas concentration in
mol/L. Calculate the solubility of N 2 in water when the partial pressure of nitrogen
above water is 1.10 atm at 0oC.
7. Calculate the solubility of O2 in water at a partial pressure of O 2 of 120 torr at
25oC. The Henry’s law constant for O 2 is 1.3 x 10-3mol/L .atm for Henry’s law in
the form C =kP, where C is the gas concentration (mol/L).
8. Glycerin, C3H8O3, is a nonvolatile liquid. What is the vapor pressure of a solution
made by adding 164 g glycerin to 338 mL H 2O at 39.8oC? The vapor pressure of
pure water at 39.8oC is 54.74 torr and its density is 0.992 g/cm3.
9. The vapor pressure of a solution containing 53.6 g glycerin (C 3H8O3) in 133.7 g
ethanol (C2H5OH) is 113 torr at 40oC. Calculate the vapor pressure of pure
ethanol at 40oC assuming that glycerin is a nonvolatile, nonelectrolyte solute in
ethanol.
10. The normal boiling point of methanol is 64.7 oC. A solution containing a
nonvolatile solute dissolved in methanol has a vapor pressure of 710.0 torr at
64.7oC. What is the mole fraction of methanol in this solution?
11. At a certain temperature, the vapor pressure of pure benzene (C 6H6) is 0.930
atm. A solution was prepared by dissolving 10.0 g of a nondissociating,
nonvolatile solute in 78.11 g of benzene at that temperature. The vapor pressure
of the solution was found to be 0.900 atm. Assuming the solution behaves
ideally, determine the molar mass of the solute.
12. A solution is made by dissolving 25.8 g urea (CH 4N2O), a nonelectrolyte, in 275 g
water. Calculate the vapor pressures of this solution at 25 oC and 45oC. (The
vapor pressure of pure water is 23.8 torr at 25 oC and 71.9 torr at 45 oC.)
13. A solution is prepared by dissolving 27.0 g urea, (NH 2)2CO, in 150.0 g water.
Calculate the boiling point of the solution. Urea is a nonelectrolyte.
14. A 2.00-g sample of a large biomolecule was dissolved in 15.0 g carbon
tetrachloride. The boiling point of this solution was determined to be 77.85 oC.
Calculate the molar mass of the biomolecule. For carbon tetrachloride, the
boiling-point constant is 5.03oC .kg/mol, and the boiling point of pure carbon
tetrachloride is 76.50oC.
15. What mass of glycerin (C3H8O3), a nonelectrolyte, must be dissolved in 200.0 g
water to give a solution with a freezing point of -1.50 oC?
16. The freezing point of t-butanol is 25.50 oC and Kf is 9.1oC .kg/mol. Usually t-
butanol absorbs water on exposure to air. If the freezing point of a 10.0-g sample
of t-butanol is 24.59oC, how many grams of water are present in the sample?
17. Calculate the freezing point and boiling point of an antifreeze solution that is
50.0% by mass of ethylene glycol (HOCH 2CH2OH) in water. Ethylene glycol is a
nonelectrolyte.
18. What volume of ethylene glycol (C2H6O2), a nonelectrolyte, must be added to
15.0 L water to produce an antifreeze solution with a freezing point -25.0 oC?
What is the boiling point of this solution? (The density of ethylene glycol is 1.11
g/cm3, and the density of water is 1.00 g/cm3.)
19. From the following: pure water, solution of C12H22O11 (m = 0.01) in water, solution
of NaCl (m = 0.01) in water, solution of CaCl 2 (m = 0.01) in water, choose the
one with the; a. highest freezing point.b. lowest boiling point. c. lowest freezing
point, d. highest osmotic pressure, e. highest boiling point.
Calculate the freezing point and the boiling point of each of the following
solutions. (Assume complete dissociation.) a. 5.0 g NaCl in 25 g H 2O, b. 2.0 g
Al(NO3)3 in 15 g H2O
20. A water desalination plant is set up near a salt marsh containing water that is
0.10 M NaCl. Calculate the minimum pressure that must be applied at 20 oC
to purify the water by reverse osmosis. Assume NaCl is completely
dissociated.
Tugas CBR
Bandingkan isi masing-masing buku berikut ini
1. Myers Richard, 2003, Basic Chemistry, Greenwood Press, London >>>> chapter
11
2. Steven S. Zumdahl and Susan A. Zumdahl, 2010,Chemistry, Eighth Edition,

Brooks Cole>>>>> chapter 11
Tugas CJR
Buat riview jurnal berikut :
Russian Journal of General Chemistry, Vol. 73, No. 2, 2003, pp. 161164. Translated from Zhurnal
Obshchei Khimii, Vol. 73, No. 2, 2003, pp. 177181. Original Russian Text Copyright 2003 by Khripun,
Kiselev.
Reason for Different Solubility of Alkali Metal Chlorides in Cadmium Nitrate Solution
M. K. Khripun and A. A. Kiselev
St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
Received November 27, 2001
Abstract . An idea that concentrated solutions of salts forming several crystal

hydrates can be considered as systems of mixed solvents was developed within the
framework of a phenomenological model of solution structure for the systems
Cd(NO3)2MClH2O (M = Li, Na, K, Cs). It was supposed that LiCl and CsCl
preferentially interact with a solvent like Cd(NO3)2 nanohydrate, whereas NaCl and
KCl, with a solvent like Cd(NO3)2 tetrahydrate.
Jurnal, terlampir
Rekayasa Ide
Berdasarkan CJR di atas cobalah susun rekayasa ide, dalam bentuk proposal yang
berkenaan dengan topik di atas. (tentunya dengan menambah sumber jurnal yang
lain)
Mini Riset dan proyek dapat memilih : Praktikum I (LKM 1) atau Praktikum
2(LKM 2)

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Tugas Rutin

1. A solution of phosphoric acid was made by dissolving 10.0 g H 3PO4 in 100.0 mL

Bandingkan isi masing-masing buku berikut ini

2. Steven S. Zumdahl and Susan A. Zumdahl, 2010,Chemistry, Eighth Edition,

Buat riview jurnal berikut :

St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia

Received November 27, 2001

Abstract . An idea that concentrated solutions of salts forming several crystal

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