Common Interface For Automized Charging of Electric Commercial Vehicles

Common interface for automized charging of electric
commercial vehicles
Technical description of the OppCharge common interface for automized charging of electric
commercial vehicles
Volvo Buses AB, December 2016

OppCharge
Technical Description
Overview
OppCharge is Automatic Conductive Charging Interface intended for vehicles.
OppCharge is targeting commercial vehicles. The following specifications are targeted:
• Height of commercial vehicle: 3 m to 4.5 m
For height differences of vehicles to be charged of more than 1.1 m see
paragraph “Updates of the specification (in planning)”.
• Markets: lefthand drive, righthand drive
OppCharge is defined by:

1) A Hardware charging interface for the vehicle and for the infrastructure:
• Alignment of vehicle: front axle (see drawing)
• Interfaces for High power charging:
– Inverted pantograph positioned on mast
• Voltage: DC 450-750V, 4 poles
2) A Communication method:
– Communication via Wifi / ISO 15118
Core Specification
The equipment used for OppCharge includes a number of components and software.
Each component will have interfaces to other parts of the system. Rather than having a
detailed specification broken down for each potential interface it is intended to convey
the spirit of an open interface. Accordingly, the purpose of the definition of the ”Core
Specification” is to define the minimum criteria that should be met by a charging system
in order to qualify as an OppCharge system. These criteria are the following.
 Charger Interface: According to “Charger Interface Specification” (1) below
 Reference position: According to “Reference Position”(2), “Position on
Vehicle”(3) and “Drawing of roof mounted rails”(4) below
 Communication: According to “Communication”(5) below
 Charger Performance: According to “Charging Station”(6) below
(1) Charger Interface Specification
Electrical interface connection; Plus, Minus, Protective Earth and Control Pilot. Layout
of connectors. (see drawing/picture below)
Isolation resistance monitoring according to IEC 61851-23
Vehicle chassis is part of Grid Earth when connected to external charger. When the
vehicle is not connected to external charger, 600V floating system is the design case.
De-icing heaters power consumption (max 300W). (Optional)
Position of the charging interface (rails): see drawing
Inverted pantograph positioned on stationary mast: see drawing
(2) Reference Position
The reference position has the objective to secure compatibility for different vehicles
using the same charging station. The position of the vehicle is secured by using the
front wheel as reference position.
As an alternative the vehicle manufacturer can define another reference positions that
secures that the vehicle stops in the correct position relative to the charging equipment.
This adaptation allows the vehicle manufacturer to adjust the roof rail -+ 1.0 meter
relative the reference position.
(3) Position on a Bus
Position of
wifi antenna
(4) Drawing Roof Mounted Rails
(5) Communication
WiFi communication use 802.11a (5Ghz)
Directional antennas are used for communication and association
ISO/IEC 15118 is used as High-level protocol for charging communication;
IEC 61851-1 is used as Low-level protocol for charging communication;
Control Pilot states are used.
Other standards governing these interfaces are:
Electric vehicle conductive charging system - Part 1: General requirements
IEC 61851-1:2010
Electric vehicle conductive charging system - Part 23: DC electric vehicle charging
station
IEC 61851-23:2014
Road vehicles -- Vehicle-to-Grid Communication Interface -- Part 2: Network and
application protocol requirements ISO 15118-2:2014
Road vehicles -- Vehicle to grid communication interface -- Part 3: Data link layer
requirements ISO 15118-3:2015
Road vehicles -- Vehicle to grid communication interface -- Part 1: General information
and use-case definition ISO 15118-1:2013
(6) Charging Station
Output: DC Voltage range 450-750 V

Connection method between charger and vehicle:
4-pole automatic connection system, based on inverted pantograph mounted on
charging infrastructure.
Position: Mast pantograph centered above vehicle reference position.
DC connection standard: IEC 61851-23
Communication via Wifi / 802.11a (5 GHz)
Compliant with ISO/IEC 15118
Product should be suitable for installation in public domain.
Compliance with applicable standards should be proven for both:
LVD (Low Voltage Directive) and
EMC (ElectroMagnetic Compatibility)
IK rating (protection from external impact): IK10
The Wifi antenna of the charging station is positioned to match the position on the
vehicle. The Wifi antenna is positioned right of the contacting rails on the vehicle. The
corresponding antenna on the charging mast is positioned vertically above the vehicle
antenna. The mast position depends on the local conditions, for example depending on
if it is a market with right hand drive or left hand drive.
Updates in the specification (in planning)

The following items are planned to be updated (securing full backward compatibility):
 Addition of mechanical protection for height clearance of the charging interface.
 Crash safety (e.g. when truck crash into vehicle during charging) test protocol
when vehicle connected to external charger equipment.
 Tolerances requirements of contacting pantograph/bars towards x and y slopes.
 The capability of the pantograph system needs to cope with kneeling and
slopes.
 The capability to charge different vehicles with one and the same charging
stations where height differences between e.g. Double Deckers and Single
Deckers exceed 1.1 meter.
 Update of communication standard ISO 15118 with adaption for pantograph
interface.
 The maximum power and voltage span, will be increased further.

Common Interface For Automized Charging of Electric Commercial Vehicles

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What is the OppCharge interface intended for?

What are some of the specifications that OppCharge targets?

Common interface for automized charging of electric

Volvo Buses AB, December 2016

OppCharge is defined by:

(2) Reference Position

(3) Position on a Bus

(6) Charging Station

Output: DC Voltage range 450-750 V

Updates in the specification (in planning)

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