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    Lab 04 - EED

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    Ahmad Musab
    The document discusses different types of computer networks. It defines a network as connecting two or more computers to share resources. There are three main types of networks: local area networks (LANs), metropolitan area networks (MANs), and wide area networks (WANs). LANs connect devices within a small area like a home or office using switches. MANs connect devices within a larger area like a city. WANs connect LANs across large distances using technologies like telephone lines. The document also discusses network interface cards, common network devices like hubs, bridges, switches, routers, and their functions.

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    Lab 04 - EED

    Uploaded by

    Ahmad Musab
    31 views10 pages
    The document discusses different types of computer networks. It defines a network as connecting two or more computers to share resources. There are three main types of networks: local area networks (LANs), metropolitan area networks (MANs), and wide area networks (WANs). LANs connect devices within a small area like a home or office using switches. MANs connect devices within a larger area like a city. WANs connect LANs across large distances using technologies like telephone lines. The document also discusses network interface cards, common network devices like hubs, bridges, switches, routers, and their functions.

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    The document discusses different types of computer networks. It defines a network as connecting two or more computers to share resources. There are three main types of networks: local area networks (LANs), metropolitan area networks (MANs), and wide area networks (WANs). LANs connect devices within a small area like a home or office using switches. MANs connect devices within a larger area like a city. WANs connect LANs across large distances using technologies like telephone lines. The document also discusses network interface cards, common network devices like hubs, bridges, switches, routers, and their functions.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    31 views10 pages

    Lab 04 - EED

    Uploaded by

    Ahmad Musab
    The document discusses different types of computer networks. It defines a network as connecting two or more computers to share resources. There are three main types of networks: local area networks (LANs), metropolitan area networks (MANs), and wide area networks (WANs). LANs connect devices within a small area like a home or office using switches. MANs connect devices within a larger area like a city. WANs connect LANs across large distances using technologies like telephone lines. The document also discusses network interface cards, common network devices like hubs, bridges, switches, routers, and their functions.

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    of 10

    Lab 04 – Introduction to Computing (EC-102)

    Lab 04
    Objective:
     To learn about basic functions and applications of Networks.

    1 Network
    It consists of two or more computers that are linked in order to share resources (such
    as printers and CDs), exchange files, or allow electronic communications. The computers on a
    network may be linked through cables, telephone lines, radio waves, satellites, or infrared light
    beams.

    1.1 Types of Network


    There are three major types of the network
     LAN (Local Area Network)
     MAN (Metropolitan Area Network)
     WAN (Wide Area Network)
    There are other types of Computer Networks also, like:
     PAN (Personal Area Network)
     SAN (Storage Area Network)
     EPN (Enterprise Private Network)
     VPN (Virtual Private Network)
    1.1.1 Local Area Network:
    Local Area Network connects network devices in such a way that personal computer
    and workstations can share data, tools and programs. The group of computers and devices are
    connected together by a switch, or stack of switches, using a private addressing scheme as
    defined by the TCP/IP protocol. Private addresses are unique in relation to other computers on
    the local network. Routers are found at the boundary of a LAN, connecting them to the larger
    WAN.
    1.1.2 Metropolitan Area Network:
    Metropolitan area Network covers a larger area than that of a LAN and smaller area as
    compared to WAN. It connects two or more computers that are apart but resides in the same or
    different cities. It covers a large geographical area and may serve as an ISP (Internet Service
    Provider). MAN is designed for customers who need a high-speed connectivity. Speeds of MAN
    ranges in terms of Mbps. It’s hard to design and maintain a Metropolitan Area Network.
    1.1.3 Wide Area Network:
    Wide Area Network is a computer network that extends over a large geographical area,
    although it might be confined within the bounds of a state or country. A WAN could be a

    Department of Electrical Engineering UCE&T BZU Multan


    Lab 04 – Introduction to Computing (EC-102)

    connection of LAN connecting to other LAN’s via telephone lines and radio waves and may be
    limited to an enterprise (a corporation or an organization) or accessible to the public. The
    technology is high speed and relatively expensive.

    1.2 Network Interface Card (NIC)


    This is also known as network adapter card, Ethernet Card and LAN card. NIC allows a
    networking device to communicate with the other networking device.
    NIC converts the data packets between two different data transmission technologies. A PC uses
    parallel data transmission technology to transmit the data between its internal parts while the
    media that provides connectivity between different PCs uses serial data transmission technology.
    A NIC converts parallel data stream into the serial data stream and the serial data stream into
    the parallel data stream.

    1.3 Network Devices


    There are different types of hardware devices, such as
     Hub
     MAU & patch panel
     Bridge
     Switch
     Modem
     Gateway
     Router

    Department of Electrical Engineering UCE&T BZU Multan


    Lab 04 – Introduction to Computing (EC-102)

    1.3.1 Hub
    Hub is a centralized device that connects multiple devices in a single LAN network.
    When Hub receives the data signals from a connected device on any of its port, except that port,
    it forwards those signals to all other connected devices from the remaining ports. Usually, Hub
    has one or more uplink ports that are used to connect it with another Hub.
    There are two types of the Hub.
    Passive Hub: - It forwards data signals in the same format in which it receives them. It does not
    change the data signal in any manner.
    Active Hub: - It also works same as the passive Hub works. But before forwarding the data signals,
    it amplifies them. Due to this added feature, the active Hub is also known as the repeater.

    1.3.2 MAU and Patch panel


    MAU and Patch Panel look like the Hub, but they are different. MAU (Multi Access
    Unit) is the sibling of Hub for the token ring network. Differences between Hub and MAU are the
    following:
     Hub is used for the Ethernet Network while the MAU is used for the Token ring network.
     Hub creates logically star topology while MAU creates logically ring topology.

    Department of Electrical Engineering UCE&T BZU Multan


    Lab 04 – Introduction to Computing (EC-102)

    1.3.3 Bridge
    Bridge is used to divide a large network into smaller segments. Basic functions of the
    Bridge are the following: -
     Breaking a large network into smaller segments.
     Connecting different media types. Such as connects UTP with the fiber optic.
     Connecting different network architectures. Such as connects Ethernet with the Token
    ring.

    1.3.4 Switch
    Just like Hub and Bridge, Switch is also used to connect the multiple devices together
    in a LAN segment. Basically, a Switch is the upgraded version of the Bridge. Besides providing all
    the functionalities of Bridge, it also offers several additional features.
    The biggest advantage of Switch is that, it makes switching decisions in hardware by using
    application specific integrated circuits (ASICs).

    1.3.5 Modem
    Modem is the device that is used to connect with the Internet. Technically, it is the
    device that enables the digital data to be transmitted over the telecommunication lines.

    Department of Electrical Engineering UCE&T BZU Multan


    Lab 04 – Introduction to Computing (EC-102)

    A Telco company uses entirely different data transmission technology from the technology that
    a PC uses for the data transmission. A modem understands both technologies. It changes the
    technology that a PC uses, in the technology which Telco Company understands.

    1.3.6 Gateway
    Gateway is used to forward the packets which are generated from the local host or
    network and but intended for the remote network. If a data packet does not find its destination
    address in the local network then it takes the help of the gateway device to find the destination
    address in the remote network. A gateway device knows the path of the remote destination
    address. If require, it also changes the encapsulation of the packet so it can travel through the
    other networks to get its destination address.

    1.3.7 Router
    The router connects the different network segments. It switches the data packets
    between those networks which are either located in the different logical segments or built with
    the different network layer protocols.

    Department of Electrical Engineering UCE&T BZU Multan


    Lab 04 – Introduction to Computing (EC-102)

    When a router receives a data packet on any of its interface, it checks the destination address of
    that packet and based on that destination address, it forwards that data packet from the
    interface which is connected with the destination address.
    To forward a data packet to its destination, router keeps the records of connected networks.
    These records are maintained in a database table known as the routing table. Routing table can
    be built statically or dynamically.

    Department of Electrical Engineering UCE&T BZU Multan


    Lab 04 – Introduction to Computing (EC-102)

    Review Questions:
    Q: Write down a name of Network topologies and insert an image of all?

    Department of Electrical Engineering UCE&T BZU Multan


    Lab 04 – Introduction to Computing (EC-102)

    Q: Draw a sketch of LAN Network?

    Q: Draw a sketch of MAN Network?

    Department of Electrical Engineering UCE&T BZU Multan


    Lab 04 – Introduction to Computing (EC-102)

    Q: Difference between Modem & Router?

    Q: Explain Token Ring Topology via an image?

    Department of Electrical Engineering UCE&T BZU Multan


    Lab 04 – Introduction to Computing (EC-102)

    Conclusion

    Department of Electrical Engineering UCE&T BZU Multan

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