BS-MATHEMATICS 4-YEAR (8-SEMESTER) PROGRAMME

FIRST YEAR
First Semester
S.# Course C Title Pre-requisite Cr. Hrs
1 MATH101 Calculus-I None (3 0 3)
2 ENG123 Study Skills None (3 0 3)
3 CS101 Introduction to Computing None (3 3 4)
4 PHY101 Introductory Mechanics None (3 0 3)
5 PHY191 Lab-1 None (0 3 1)
6 RS101 Islamic Studies None (3 0 3)
Total Credit Hrs. 17

Second Semester
S.# Course Code Title Pre-requisite Cr. Hrs
1 MATH102 Calculus-II MATH101 (3 0 3)
2 MATH103 Discrete Mathematics None (3 0 3)
3 PS101 Pak Studies None (3 0 3)
4 PHY104 Introductory Electricity and None (3 3 4)
Magnetism
5 ENG134 Communication Skills None (3 0 3)
Total Credit Hrs 16

SECOND YEAR
Third Semester
S.# Course Code Title Pre-requisite Cr. Hrs
1 MATH201 Calculus-III MATH102 (3 0 3)
2 MATH241 Mathematical Statistics-I MATH101 (3 0 3)
3 MATH202 Number Theory None (3 0 3)
4 IMS141 Principles of Management None (3 0 3)
5 PHY211 Classical Mechanics None (3 0 3)
6 SWS201 Social Work and Human Behavior None (3 0 3)
Total Credit Hrs 18

Fourth Semester
S.# Course Code Title Pre-requisite Cr. Hrs
1 MATH211 Group Theory None (3 0 3)
2 MATH271 Ordinary Differential Equations MATH101 (3 0 3)
3 MATH242 Mathematical Statistics-II MATH241 (3 0 3)
4 MATH212 Linear Algebra None (3 0 3)
5 PHY212 Quantum Mechanics None (3 0 3)
6 MATH131 Computing Tools None (2 3 3)
Total Credit Hrs 18
 THIRD YEAR
Fifth Semester
S.# Course Code Title Pre-requisite Cr. Hrs
1 MATH325 Vector and Tensor Analysis MATH212 (3 0 3)
2 MATH321 Real Analysis-I MATH101 (3 0 3)
3 MATH351 General Topology None (3 0 3)
4 MATH371 Partial Differential Equations MATH271 (3 0 3)
5 MATH313 Rings & Fields MATH211 (3 0 3)
6 MATHXXX Elective MATHXXX (3 0 3)/
(3 3 4)
Total Credit Hrs. 18-19

Sixth Semester
S.# Course Code Title Pre-requisite Cr. Hrs
1 MATH322 Real Analysis – II MATH321 (3 0 3)
2 MATH331 Numerical Analysis – I MATH321 (3 3 4)
3 MATH323 Complex Analysis MATH321 (3 0 3)
4 MATHXXX Elective MATHXXX (3 0 3)/
(3 3 4)
5 MATHXXX Elective MATHXXX (3 0 3)/
(3 3 4)
Total Credit Hrs 16-18

FOURTH YEAR
Seventh Semester
S.# Course Code Title Pre-requisite Cr. Hrs
1 MATH471 Mathematical Modeling MATH271/ (3 0 3)
MATH212
2 MATH424 Functional Analysis MATH212 (3 0 3)

3 MATH431 Numerical Analysis-II MATH331 (3 3 4)

4 MATHXXX/ Elective/Report Writing & Presentation MATHXXX (3 0 3)/
MATH493 Skills (3 3 4)
5 MATHXXX/ Elective/Senior Design Project-I MATHXXX (3 0 3)/
MATH499 (3 3 4)/
(0 9 3)
Total Credit Hrs 15-18
Eight Semester
S.# Course Code Title Pre-requisite Cr. Hrs
1 MATH472 Integral Equations MATH271 (3 0 3)
2 MATH451 Differential Geometry MATH351 (3 0 3)
3 MATH4XX Elective MATHXXX (3 0 3) )/
(3 3 4)
4 MATH4XX Elective MATHXXX (3 0 3) )/
(3 3 4)
5 MATHXXX/ Elective / Senior Design Project-II MATHXXX/MATH499 (3 0 3)/
MATH499 Senior Design Project-I (3 3 4)/
(0 9 3)
Total Credit Hrs 15-18
Course Code: MATH101
Course Title: Calculus-I
Credit Hours: (3 0
3) Pre-requisite(s):

None

Course Objectives:

The objectives of this course are:

a) To learn about limits and their central role in calculus.
b) To learn about derivatives and their relationship to instantaneous rates of change.
 c) To understand practical applications of derivatives.
d) To learn about integrals: their origin in the area problem and their
relationship to derivatives.

Reading list:

1. H. Anton, I. C. Bivens, S. Davis, “Calculus, Early Transcendental”, 11th edition,

John Wiley, New York, 2016.
2. J. Stewart, “Calculus”, 8th edition, Brooks/Cole, 2016.
3. G. B. Thomas, A. R. Finney, “Calculus”, 14th edition, Pearson, USA, 2017.

Lecture-wise distribution of the Contents

Lecture # Topic
L1 Introduction to the course
L2 Functions and graphing techniques.
L3 Limit of a Function and Limit Laws, One sided Limits.
L4-L5 Continuity.
L7-L7 Limits Involving Infinity; Asymptotes.
L8-L9 Tangents and Derivatives at a Point, The Derivative by first principle.
L10 Left/Right Derivatives.
L11-L12 Differentiation Rules.
L13 Derivatives as a Rate of Change.
L14 Derivatives of Trig Functions.
L15 The Chain Rule, Implicit Differentiation.
L16 Derivatives of trigonometric and logarithmic functions.
L17 Derivatives of Inverse trigonometric and hyperbolic Functions
L18-L19 Related rates of change
L20-L21 Linearization and Differentials.
L22 MID EXAM
L23-L24 Extreme Values of Functions.
L25 The Mean Value Theorem.
L26-L27 Monotone Functions and the First Derivative Test.
L28-L29 Concavity and Curve Sketching.
L30-L32 Indeterminate Forms & L’Hopitals Rule.
L33-L35 Applied Optimization.
L36-L38 Anti-derivatives and techniques.
L39-L41 Area and Estimating with finite sums.
L42-L43 Definite Integral.
L44-L45 Fundamental Theorems of Calculus
L46-L48 Improper integrals.
Course Code: MATH102
Course Title: Calculus-II
Credit Hours: (3 0 3)
Pre-requisite(s): MATH101

Course Objectives:

The objectives of this course are:

a) To develop greater depth of understanding of integration and its importance
in scientific and engineering applications.
b) To learn about series, including their convergence properties and their use
in representing functions.
c) To learn alternative coordinate systems which are natural for many problems
and learn how calculus can be applied in these systems.

Reading list:

1. H. Anton, I. C. Bivens, S. Davis, “Calculus, Early Transcendental”, 11th edition, John

Wiley, New York, 2016.
2. J. Stewart, “Calculus”, 8th edition, Brooks/Cole, 2016.
3. G. B. Thomas, A. R. Finney, “Calculus”, 14th edition, Pearson, USA, 2017.

Lecture-wise distribution of the Contents

Lecture # Topic
L1 Introduction to the course
L2 Review of Integration
L3-L4 Area between curves
L5-L7 Volumes Using Cross Sections
L8-L9 Volumes Using Cylindrical Shells
L10-L11 Arc Length
L12-L14 Areas of Surfaces of Revolution
L15-L17 Moments and center of mass
L18-L19 Work done by the variable force
L20 MID EXAM
L21-L22 Sequences and related theorems for the limits of sequences
L23-L24 Infinite Series, sequence of partial sums
L25-L26 Integral Test
L27-L28 Comparison Tests
L29-L30 Root and Ratio Tests
L31-L33 Alternating Series, Absolute vs. Conditional Convergence
L34-L36 Series Convergence, Power Series
L37-L39 Conic Section in Cartesian coordinates
L40-L42 Parameterization of Plane Curves
L43-L45 Polar Coordinates
L46-L48 Areas and Lengths in Polar Coordinates, Pedal equations
Course Code: MATH103
Course Title: Discrete
Mathematics Credit Hours: (3 0 3)
Pre-requisite(s): None

Course Objectives:

The objectives of this course are:

a) To learn the basics of Discrete Mathematics.

b) To help students in gaining the understanding of mathematical reasoning and

to develop their
c) To develop problem solving skills.
d) To show students how discrete mathematics can be used in modern computer
science

Reading list:

1. K. H. Rosen, “Discrete Mathematics and its Applications”, 7th edition, McGraw-

Hill Education, 2011.
2. S. S. Epp, Discrete Mathematics with Applications, 4th edition, Cengage India, 2011.
3. N. L. Biggs, “Discrete Mathematics”, 2nd edition, Oxford University press, 2013.

Lecture-wise distribution of the Contents

Lecture # Topic

L1-L2 Introduction to the course, Set Theory(Set Operations, Venn Diagram,

Algebra of sets, Counting Principle Classes of sets)
L3-L5 Logic, Propositional Equivalences, Predicates, Quantifiers
L6-L8 Nested Quantifiers, Methods of Proof
L9-L11 Algorithms, The Growth of Algorithms, Complexity of Algorithms
L12-L14 Proof Strategy, Sequences, Summations, Mathematical Induction
L15-L17 Recursive, Structural Induction, Recursive Algorithms
L18-L21 Program Correctness
L22-L23 Basics of Counting, The Pigeonhole Principal
L24 MID EXAM
L25-L27 Permutations, Combinations, Binomial Coefficients
L28-L29 Recurrence Relations, Solving Recurrence Relations
L30-L32 Generating Functions, Inclusion-Exclusion
L33-L35 Relations, n-ary Relations, Representing Relations ,Closures of
Relations
L36-L38 Equivalence Relations, Partial Orderings
L39-L41 Introduction to Graphs, Graph Terminologies
L42-L43 Graph Isomorphism
L44-L46 Connectivity, Euler and Hamilton Paths
L47-L48 Planar Graphs
Course Code: MATH201
Course Title: Calculus-III
Credit Hours: (3 0 3)
Pre-requisite(s): MATH102

Course Objectives:

The objectives of this course are:

a) To apply previously developed skills learned in Calculus to learn Multivariable
Calculus and Vectors
b) To cover Vectors, Partial Derivatives, Multiple Integrals and Vector Fields in order to
prepare
students for further study in technological disciplines.
c) To cover relevant applications in science and engineering to illustrate the utility of
learning these topics
d) To use mathematical software, in problem solving, to allow the solution of more
complex problems and provide visualization of the mathematical concepts in three
dimensions.

Reading list:

1. H. Anton, I. C. Bivens, S. Davis, “Calculus, Early Transcendental”, 11th edition, John

Wiley, New York, 2016.
2. J. Stewart, “Calculus”, 8th edition, Brooks/Cole, 2016.
3. G. B. Thomas, A. R. Finney, “Calculus”, 14th edition, Pearson, USA, 2017.

Lecture-wise distribution of the Contents

Lecture # Topic
L1 Introduction to the course
L2-L3 3-Dimensional Coordinate Systems and Vectors.
L4 Dot Product.
L5 Cross Product.
L6 Lines and Planes in Space.
L7-L8 Cylinders and Quadric Surfaces
L9-L10 Curves and Tangents in Space.
L11-L12 Integrals of Vector Functions: Projectile Motion.
L13 Arc Length of Space Curves.
L14-L15 Functions of Several Variables.
L16 Partial Derivatives.
L17 The Chain Rule.
L18-L19 Directional Derivatives and Gradients.
L20-L21 Tangent Planes and Differentials.
L22 MID EXAM
L22-L23 Extrema and Saddle Points.
L24 Lagrange Multipliers.
L25-L26 Double and Iterated Integrals over Rectangles.
L27 Double Integrals over General Regions.
L28 Double Integrals in Polar Form.
L29-L30 Triple Integrals in Rectangular Coordinates.
L31-L32 Triple Integrals in Cylindrical Coordinates.
L33-L34 Line Integrals.
L35-L37 Vector Fields and Line Integrals: Work, Circulation and Flux.
L38-L40 Path Independence, Conservative Fields and Potential Functions.
L41-L42 Green’s Theorem in the plane.
L43-L44 Surface Area and Surface Integrals.
L45-L46 Divergence Theorem.
L47-L48 Stoke’s Theorem.
Course Code: MATH241
Course Title: Mathematical Statistics-I
Credit Hours: (3 0 3)
Pre-requisite(s): MATH101

Course Objectives:

a. To learn how to handle data numerically and graphically

b. To understand the basic principles of random variables and
random processes needed in applications
c. To learn discrete random variables and their probability distributions

Reading List:

1) P.S. Mann, “Introductory Statistics”, 9th edition, John Wiley & Sons, 2016.
2) A.T. Craig, J. McKean, R.V. Hogg, “Introduction to Mathematical Statistics”, 7th
edition, Pearson Education, 2013.
3) M. R. Sheldo, “Introductory Statistics”, 3rd edition, Oxford, 2010.
4) M.R. Spiegel, J.L. Schiller, R.L. Sirinivasan, “Probability and Statistics”, 2nd edition,
McGraw Hill. NY, 2000.
5) G.M. Clark, and D. Cooke, “A Basic Course in Statistics” 4th edition, Arnold, London,
1998.
6) J.T. Mclave, P.G. Benson,T. Snitch, “Statistics for Business & Economics”
9th edition, Prentice Hall, New Jersey, 2005.
7) S.M. Chaudhry, S. Kamal, “Introduction to Statistical Theory” Parts I 6th edition, Ilmi
Kitab Khana, Lahore, Pakistan, 1996.

Lecture-wise distribution of the Contents

Lecture # Topic

L1 Review of Mathematical Statistics

L2-L4 The nature and scope of the statistics,

L5-L7 Organizing of data, classification of data and graphs,

L8- L10 Measures of central tendency: their properties, usage, limitations and
comparison.
L11-L13 Continued…
L14-L16 Measures of dispersion: their properties, usage, limitations and comparison.
L17-L19 Continued…
L20-L22 Calculations for the ungrouped and grouped data, measures of skewness,
Kurtosis and distribution shapes.
L23 Mid Exam
L24-L25 Sets, probability concepts, permutation and combination.
L26-L28 Addition and multiplication rules, bivariate frequency tables, joint and marginal
probabilities.
L29-L31 Conditional probability and independence, Bayes’ rule.
L32-L34 Random variables, properties of random variables, discrete and continuous
 random variables
Percentile for continuous random variables, multivariate distributions, marginal
L35-L37
distributions, conditional distributions.

Mathematical expectation, moments, Chebyshev’s theorem, moment

L38-L40 generating
Functions
L41-L43 Relation between moments and cumulants, product moments, characteristic
function, conditional expectations.
L44-L46 Probability distribution, discrete probability distributions, Bernoulli distribution,
properties, binomial distribution,
L47-L48 Poisson and hypergeometric distributions, negative binomial and geometric
distributions.
Course Code: MATH202
Course Title: Number theory
Credit Hours: (3 0 3)
Pre-requisite(s): None

Course Objectives:

The objectives of this course are:

a) To learn about divisibility and its properties.
b) To learn about Congruencies its properties and applications.
c) To understand Primitive Roots and Quadratic Residue.

Reading list:
1. W. Stein,” Elementary Number Theory”, Springer-Verlag,2017
2. K.H Rosen, “Elementary Number Theory and its Applications”, 6th edition,
Pearson, 2010.
3. T. Koshy, “Elementary Number Theory with Applications”, 2nd edition, Academic
Press, 2007.
4. D.M. Burton, “Elementary Number Theory”, 7th edition, McGraw-Hill, 2010.

Lecture-wise distribution of the Contents

Lecture # Topic
L1-L3 Introduction to the course, Well-ordering principle , Mathematical induction
Divisibility ,Transitivity of divisibility ,Division of linear combination of integers
and other related properties of divisibility
L3-L4 The Division Algorithm, Proof and consequences of Division Algorithm
L5-L6 Representation of integers in different base systems. Arithmetic in non-
decimal systems. Negative bases
L7-L9 Prime Numbers, Prime divisors, infinitude of primes, Upper bound for a
prime factor of composite integers, Sieve of Eratosthenes , Prime number
theorem(without proof)
L10-L12 Greatest Common Divisor, Properties of GCD(theorems) ,GCD of more than
two integers , The Euclidean Algorithm for finding GCD,
L13-L15 Fibonacci numbers, GCD of successive Fibonacci numbers , Lame’s
Theorem The Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic, Least common multiple,
Theorem relating GCD and LCM
L16-L18 Fermat factorization, Fermat number, Prime divisors of Fermat number
L19-L21 Linear Diophantine Equation, Solution in integers for Linear Diophantine
Equation and its Applications.
L22-L24 Congruencies, equivalence relation and partition classes, Congruencies as
equivalence relation. Complete system of residues modulo m, A reduced
 residue system modulo m
L25 MID EXAM
L26-L28 Linear Congruencies, Criterion for existence of solution and method of
solution for linear congruencies, System of linear congruencies in one
variable , Chinese Reminder theorem .
L29-L31 System of linear congruencies in two or more than two variables ,Matrix
method for solution of the system ,Applications of congruencies , Divisibility
Tests, The Perpetual Calendar and Hashing Functions
L32-L33 Wilson's Theorem and Fermat's Little Theorem, Pseudo-prim, Euler phi-
function ,Euler Theorem
L34-L36 Arithmetic function, Multiplicative functions, Euler phi-function as
Multiplicative function , Mobius function, Mobius inversion formula
L37-L38 Functions for The Sum and Number of Divisors, Perfect Numbers and
Mersenne Primes
L39-L41 Order of an Integer and primitive Roots, Incongruent Primitive roots of a
positive integer ,Primitive roots for Primes
L42-L43 Lagrange's Theorem, The Existence of Primitive Roots
L44-L45 Index Arithmetic ,Quadratic Residue, Legendre symbol
L46-L48 Euler's criterion, Gauss Lemma, law of quadratic reciprocity , Jacobi symbol
Course Code: MATH211
Course Title: Group Theory
Credit Hours: (3 0 3)
Pre-requisite(s): None

Course Objectives:

a) To learn group structures

b) To learn some fundamental results and techniques of group theory
c) To classify groups (not all) up to isomorphism

Reading List:

1) P.B. Bhattacharya, S.K. Jain and S.R. Nagpaul, “Basic Abstract Algebra”, 2nd ed.,
Cambridge University Press, 1995.
2) D.S. Dummit and R.M. Foote, “Abstract Algebra”, 3rd ed., Addison-Wesely, 2004.
3) J.B. Fraleigh, “A First Course in Abstract Algebra”, 7th ed., Pearson, 2002.
4) J.A. Gallian, “Contemporary Abstract Algebra”, 7th ed., Brooks/Cole, 2010.
5) J.F. Humphreys, “A course in Group Theory”, Oxford University Press, 1996.
6) A. Majeed, “Theory of Groups”, Ilmi Kitab Khana, 2012.

Lecture-wise distribution of the course contents

Lecture # Topics

L1 Introduction to the course

L2-L3 Operations, binary operations, usual and unusual operations (including

modular arithmetic), semigroup, monoid

L4-L6 Group, Caley’s table for finite groups, elementary properties of groups,
order of a group, order of an element

L7-L9 Group of symmetries ( e.g., equilateral triangle, square, rectangle etc)

L10-L12 Subgroup with examples, subgroup test, finite subgroup test

L13-L15 Subgroup lattice, product of subgroups, direct product of groups

L16-L18 Generators and defining relations, cyclic groups and their properties

L19-L21 Cosets, index of subgroup, Lagrange’s Theorem, its converse and

consequences

L22-L23 normalizer and centralizer of a subset of a group, center of a group

L24 MID EXAM

L25-L27 Normal subgroups, factor groups

L28-L30 Group homomorphism, kernel and image

L31-L33 Properties elements/subgroups under homomrphism

L34-L36 Injective and surjective homomorphism, endomorphism, isomorphism,

L37-L39 The Fundamental Theorem of homomorphism and its applications

L40-L42 2nd and 3rd isomorphism theorems

L43-L45 Permutations, Cycles in group of permutations and their properties, even and
odd permutations

L46-L48 Symmetric and alternating subgroups, Caley’s Theorem

Course Code: MATH271
Course Title: Ordinary Differential
Equations Credit Hours: (3 0 3)
Pre-requisite(s): MATH101

Course Objectives:

The course objectives are:

a) To learn elementary analytical solution techniques for the solution of
ordinary differential equations (ODEs).
b) To understand the solution structure of linear ODEs in terms of independent
homogeneous
solutions and non-homogeneous solutions.
c) To understand by exposure to examples how systems and phenomena from
science and
engineering can be modeled by ODEs.
d) To learn how solution of different models can be used to analyze or predict a
system’s behavior.

Reading list:

1. W. E. Boyce, R. C. DiPrima, “Elementary Differential Equations and Boundary

Value Problems, 10th edition”, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2012.
2. D. G. Zill, M. R. Cullen, “Differential Equations with Boundary-Value Problems”, 10th
edition, Brooks/Cole, 2013.
3. R. L. Borrelli, C. S. Coleman, “Differential Equations: A Modeling Perspective”, 2nd
edition”, John Wiley & Sons Inc., 2004.
4. R. K. Nagle, E. B. Saff, A. D. Snider, “Fundamentals of Differential Equations, 9th
edition”, Pearson Education Inc., 2017.
5. E. Kreyszig, “Advanced Engineering Mathematics”, 10th edition, John Wiley & Sons
Inc., 2010.
6. M. Colomb, M. Shanks, “Elements of Ordinary Differential Equations”, McGraw-Hill,
2001.

Lecture-wise distribution of the course contents

Lecture # Topic
L1 Introduction to the course
L2 Differential Equations, Classification, Examples.
L3-L4 Some Basic Models; Direction Fields.
L5 Well-Posedness, Separable Differential Equations.
L6 Homogenous Differential Equations.
L7-L8 Exact Differential Equations, Integrating factor in different cases.
L9 Linear Differential Equations.
L10 Differential equations reducible to linear DEs.
L11-L13 Modeling with First Order Linear Equations: Growth and Decay, carbon dating,
 Newton’s law of cooling
L14 Modeling with First Order Linear Equations: Series Circuits
L15 Modeling with First Order Non-Linear Equations: Logistic Population Model
L16-L17 Higher Order Linear Differential Equations, IVP, BVPs with different possible
solutions, Linear Dependence and Linear Independent functions, The
Wronskian.
L18-L19 Solutions of Linear Homogeneous Equations with constant coefficients:, Roots
of the Characteristic equation.
L20 Reduction of Order method.
L21 MID EXAM
L22-L23 Non-homogeneous Equations; Method of Undetermined Coefficients.
L24 Method of Variation of Parameters.
L25-L26 Cauchy Euler differential equation,Legendre differential equation.
L27-L29 Modeling with 2nd Order linear differential equations: Spring mass system(Free
Undamped Motion, Free Damped Motion, Driven Motion).
L30-L31 Review of Power series.
L32-L33 Series Solutions of Second Order Linear ODEs with Non-constant Coefficients;
Solution Near an Ordinary Point.
L34-L36 Singular points, Series Solutions Near a Regular Singular Point.

L37-L39 Laplace Transform and Solution of Initial Value Problems.

L40-L42 The Convolution Integral.
L43-L45 System of Linear first order differential equations: Preliminary theory,
Homogenous Linear system with constant coefficients.
L46-L48 Qualitative approach for system of linear first order equations
Course Code: MATH 242
Course Title: Mathematical Statistics-II
Credit Hours: (3 0 3)
Pre-requisite(s): 241

Course Objectives:

a. To learn continuous random variables and their probability distributions

b. To learn sampling concepts and methods
c. To help students in making predictions and decisions

Reading List:

1. A.T. Craig, J. McKean and R.V Hogg, “Introduction to Mathematical Statistics”,

7th edition, Pearson Education, 2013.
2. F.A. Garaybill, A.M Mood & D.C. Boes, “Introduction to Theory of Statistics”
3rd edition, McGraw Hill Co, 1974.
3. I. Miller and M. Miller, “John E. Freund's Mathematical statistics with Applications”,
8th edition, Pearson Education, 2014.
4. R.B. Ash, “Basic Probability Theory, Dover”, Dover Books on Mathematics, 2008.

Lecture-wise distribution of the Contents

Lecture # Topic

L1 Introduction to Mathematical statistics II

L2-L4 Continuous random variables, probability density function and its properties

L5-L7 Continuous distributions: rectangular distribution, exponential distribution

L8- L10 Gamma distribution

Beta distribution, relation between gamma and beta distribution with normal
L11-L13
Distribution
L14-L16 Bivariate discrete random variables

L17-L19 Bivariate continuous random variables, conditional distributions, independence

of random variables
L20-L22 Numerical examples on continuous random variables, conditional distributions,
independence of random variables
L23-L24 Covariance of bivariate random variables, variance of the linear combination of
random variables
L25 MID EXAM

L26-L28 Correlation and independence, moment generating functions

L29-L31 Differences between partial and multiple correlation.

L32-L34 The chi square table, introduction of F distribution

 Some properties of F distribution, the F tables of area, tests based on F
L35-L37
Distribution
L38-L40 Introduction to sampling theory. Sampling distribution and properties. limiting
L41-L43 Some examples on sampling distribution for illustration,
Transformation of variables reasons and importance, transforming to uniform
L44-L46
Distribution
L47-L48 Statistical hypothesis and tests
Course Code: MATH212
Course Title: Linear Algebra
Credit Hours: (3 0 3)
Pre-requisite(s): None

Course Objectives:

The objectives of this course are:

a) To provide students with a solid grounding in concepts and methods of linear algebra
to help them to develop the ability to formulate and solve problems using these
techniques.
b) To improve their ability to reason abstractly and understand proofs and know the
geometric approaches which help them in visualizing an idea.
c) To know some applications which illustrates the power of linear algebra to explain
fundamental principles and simplify calculations in engineering, computer science,
mathematics, physics, biology, economics and statistics.

Reading list:

1. D. C. Lay, S. R. Lay, J. J. McDonald, “Linear Algebra and Its Applications”, 5th

edition, Pearson Education, 2015.
2. R. A. Beezer, “A First Course in Linear Algebra”, 3rd edition, Congruent Press, 2012.
3. G. Strang, “Introduction to Linear Algebra”, 4th edition, Wellesley Press, 2009.
4. W. K. Nicholson, “Linear Algebra and Applications, 7th edition, McGraw-Hill, 2013.
5. H. Anton, “Elementary Linear Algebra”, 9th edition”, John Wiley & Sons Inc., USA,
2005.

Lecture-wise distribution of the Contents

Lecture # Topic
L1 Introduction to the course
L2-L3 System of Linear Equations, Row Reduction and Echelon Forms, Vector
Equations,The Matrix Equation Ax=b.
L4-L6 Solution sets of Linear systems, Applications of Linear systems.
L7 Linear Independence.
L8-L10 Introduction to Linear Transformations, The Matrix of a Linear
Transformations.
L11-L13 Linear Models in Business, Science and Engineering.
L14-L16 Matrix Operations, The Inverse of a Matrix, Characterizations of Invertible
matrices, Matrix Factorizations.
L17-L18 Applications to Computer Graphics.
L19-L20 Subspaces of .
L21 Dimension and Rank.
L22 MID EXAM
L23-L25 Introduction to Determinants, properties, Cramer’s Rule, Voume, and Linear
Transformations.
L26-L28 Vector spaces and subspaces, Null spaces, Column spaces, and Linear
 Transformations
L29-L31 Linear Independent Sets, Bases, Coordinate system, The Dimension of a
vector space, Rank
L32-L33 Change of Basis.
L34-L36 Applications to Difference equations and Markov Chain.
L37-L39 Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors, The Characteristic Equation, Diagonalization.
L40-L41 Discrete Dynamical Systems.
L42-L43 Applications to Differential Equations.
L44-L45 Inner product, Length and Orthogonality, Orthogonal sets, Orthogonal
Projections
L46 The Gram-Schmidth Process
L47-L48 Least-Squares Problems
Course Code: MATH321
Course Title: Real Analysis-I
Credit Hours: (3 0 3)
Pre-requisite(s): MATH101

Course Objectives:

The objectives of this course are:

a) To understand and deal with the real number system.
b) To be able to construct proofs regarding limit and continuity.
c) To learn basic properties of functions on R.
d) To learn the elementary theory of differentiation.

Reading list:

1. R. L. Brabenec, “Introduction to Real Analysis”, PWS Publishing Co, USA 1997

2. E. D. Gaughan, “Introduction to Analysis”, 5th edition, Brooks/Cole, 1997.

3. R. G. Bartle, D. R. Sherbert, “Introduction to Real Analysis”, 4th edition, John Wiley

& Sons Inc, 2011.

4. M. H. Protter, “Basic Elements of Real Analysis”, Springer Verlag, New York, 1998

5. S. C Malik, S. Arora, “Mathematical Analysis”, Wiley Eastern Ltd., 2009.

Lecture-wise distribution of the Contents

Lecture # Topic
L1 Introduction to the course
L2 - L3 Real number system and extended real number system. Axioms for a Field.
Related theorems.
L4 - L6 Neighbourhoods, limit point, boundedness and related theorems
L7 - L8 The Bolzano–Weierstrass Theorem. More theorems on bounded infinite sets
L9 - L11 Supremum and infimum, completeness properties of the real numbers and related
theorems
L12 Convergence of sequences
L13 - L15 More theorems on Convergence of sequences
L16 – L17 Sub-sequences and related proofs
L18 - L20 Cauchy sequences, Cauchy’s Convergence Criterion etc.
L21 - L22 Monotone sequences and related theorems
L23 MID EXAM
L24 - L26 Limits of functions and their properties
L27 – L28 Cauchy’s first theorem on limits and related problems
L29 – L30 Cauchy’s second theorem on limits and related problems
L31 - L33 Continuous functions and their properties, discontinuity
L34 - L36 Properties of continuous functions on closed bounded intervals
L37 - L39 Uniform Continuity
L40 – L 41 Derivatives in one variable and related theorems
L42 - L44 The mean value theorems: Rolle’s, Cauchy’s and Lagrange’s Mean Value etc.
L45 - L46 Taylor’s Theorem and its extension
L47 – L48 More theorems of differentiation on open and closed intervals
Course Code: MATH351
Course Title: General Topology
Credit Hours: (3 0 3)
Pre-requisite(s): None

Course Objectives:

The objectives of this course are:

a) To introduce the elementary properties of topological and metric spaces with structures
defined on them.
b) To introduce the maps between topological spaces.
c) To understand connected and compact spaces

Reading list:

1. S. A. Morris, “Topology without Tears”, EMS Publishers, 2016.

2. J. Munkres, “Topology”, 2nd edition”, Prentice Hall, 2000.
3. L. A. Steen, J. A. Seebach, “Counter Examples in Topology”, Dover, 1995.
4. S. Willard, “General Topology”, Dover Publications,1970.
5. S. Lipsschutz, “General Topology”, McGraw-Hill, 1965.

Lecture-wise distribution of the Contents

Lecture # Topic
L1 Introduction to the course
L2-L4 Topology of the Line and Plane
L5 Topological spaces.
L6-L7 Closet sets, closure of a set and related results.
L8-L10 Interior, exterior and boundary of a set and related results.
L11-L13 Neighborhoods and neighborhood systems, Accumulation points , Coarser
and finer topologies.
L14 Subspaces, relative topologies.
L15-L17 Base for a topology, Sub-bases, Local bases and related theorems.
L18-L20 Continuous functions, Continuity at a point,open and closed functions.
L21 MID EXAM
L22-L23 Homeomorphism and related theorems.
L24-L26 Metrics, Distance between sets, diameters, open spheres.
L27-L29 Metric topologies, metric spaces, Properties of metric topologies, Metrization
problem, Isometric metric spaces, Euclidean m-space.
L30-L32 Convergence and Continuity in metric spaces.
L33-L35 T1-spaces, Hausdorff spaces, Regular spaces, Normal spaces and related
theorems.
L36-L38 Urysohn’s lemma and metrization theorem, Completely regular spaces.
L39-L41 Covers, Compact sets, subset of compact sets, Finite intersection property.
L42-L43 Locally compact spaces, Compactness in metric spaces.
L44-L46 Product topology, Base for a finite product topology.
L47-L48 Separated sets, Connected sets, Connected spaces, Connectedness on the
real line , Components, Locally connected spaces, Paths, Arc-wise
connected sets.
Course Code: MATH 371
Course Title: Partial Differential
Equations Credit Hours: (3 0 3)
Pre-requisite(s): MATH271

Course Objectives:

The objectives of this course are:

a) To learn the theory behind the three important classes of partial differential equations
of applied mathematics, that is, the Diffusion equation, the Wave equation, and
Laplace’s equation.
b) To apply analytical methods to solve these PDEs and be able to interpret the results.

Reading list:

1. Richard Haberman, “Applied Partial Differential Equations with Fourier Series

and Boundary Value Problems”, 5th edition, Pearson Prentice Hall, 2012.
2. T. Amaranath , “An Elementary Course in Partial Differential Equations”, 4th edition”,
Jones and Barlett learning Massachusetts, 2009.
3. K.Sankarra Rao, “Introduction to Partial Differential Equations” 3rd edition, Prentice
Hall, 2010.
4. Walter A. Strauss , “Partial Differential Equations: An Introduction”, 2nd edition, Willey,
2007.
5. J. David Logan, “Applied Partial Differential Equations”, 3rd edition”, Springer, 2014.
6. Donald Greenspan, “Introduction to Partial Differential Equations”, 1st edition, Dover
Publications, 2000.

Lecture-wise Distribution of the Contents

Lecture # Topics
L1-L3 Introduction to the course, Differential equations, PDEs; Order, linearity of
PDEs, IVPs and BVPs, Well-posedness, Mathematical Models,
L4-L6 Formation of PDEs, Elimination of arbitrary constants and arbitrary functions
L7-L9 PDEs solvable like ODEs, Linear 2nd Order PDEs, Classification of PDEs,
L10-L12 Heat Equation: 1D Derivation & Boundary Conditions, Steady State Diffusion
equation(Laplace equation), Wave Equation: 1D Derivation
L13-L15 Characteristics of PDEs, Canonical forms of different types of PDEs,

L16-L18 working examples, General solutions of PDEs using method of

characteristics
L19-L21 Heat equation/Wave equation and Laplace equation in cylindrical and
spherical coordinates, Fourier Series and term-by-term operations
L22-L24 Method of Separation of Variables, Working Examples with Heat Equation,
Wave equation with homogeneous boundary conditions
L25 MID EXAM
L25-L27 Working Examples with the Heat Equation, Laplace equation, Wave equation
with non-homogeneous boundary conditions
L28-L30 PDE’s in 2D: Vibration of a Rectangular Membrane, Vibration of a Circular
Membrane, Bessel Functions,
L31-L33 Non-homogeneous Problems: Heat flow with sources and Non-homogenous
BCs
L34-L36 Integral transform methods, Fourier Transform and its properties, Infinite
Domain Problems
L37-L39 Fourier Transform Solutions of PDEs, Working Examples
L40-L42 Laplace transform, its properties, Semi-Infinite Domain Problems:
L43-L45 Laplace transform solutions of PDEs, working examples
46-48 Hankel transform, its properties, Hankel transform solutions of PDEs,
working examples
Course Code: MATH313
Course Title: Rings and Fields
Credit Hours: (3 0 3)
Pre-requisite(s): MATH 211

Course Objectives:

a) To learn construction of rings

b) To study structural properties of rings
c) To understand familiar concepts, such as fractions, factorization, primness,
divisibility etc., in general setting of rings.

Reading list:

1) P.B. Bhattacharya, S.K. Jain and S.R. Nagpaul, “Basic Abstract Algebra”, 2nd ed.,
Cambridge University Press, 1995.
2) D.S. Dummit and R.M. Foote, “Abstract Algebra”, 3rd ed., Addison-Wesely, 2004.
3) J.B. Fraleigh, “A First Course in Abstract Algebra”, 7th ed., Pearson, 2002.
4) J. A. Gallian, “Contemporary Abstract Algebra”, 7th ed., Brooks/Cole, 2010.
5) S. Lang, “Algebra”, 3rd ed., Springer, 2005
6) C. Musili, “Introduction to rings and Modules”, 2nd ed., Narosa Publishing House,
2009.

Lecture-wise distribution of the course contents

Lecture # Topics

L1 Introduction to the course

L2-L3 Rings: examples and basic notions

L4-L6 Units and their properties, idempotent and nilpotent elements in a ring

L7-L9 Some important rings: rings of continuous functions, matrix rings, polynomial
rings, power series rings, Laurent rings, Boolean rings, endomorphism ring,
group ring

L10-L12 Opposite rings, direct product of rings, characteristic of a ring

L13-L15 Division ring, field, zero divisors, integral domains and their properties

L16-L18 Subrings, subring test, examples and properties, center of a ring

L19-L21 Motivation for an ideal, left, right and two sided ideals, their examples and
properties

L22-L23 Ideals in a field, annihilators, radical of an ideal

L24 MID EXAM

L25-L27 Ideal generated by a subset, finitely generated ideal, ideals in a commutative

ring with unity, principal ideal

L28-L30 Factor rings, constructing examples, further structural properties, ideals in

 factor rings

L31-L33 Prime ideals, maximal ideals, examples and important characterizations,

local rings

L34-L36 Ring homomorphism, kernel and image, monic and kernel, fundamental
theorem of homomorphism and its consequences

L37-L39 Field of fractions, examples and construction

L40-L42 Factorization of polynomials over a field, irreducible polynomials

L43-L45 Division in domains, Euclidean domains

L46-L48 Principal ideal domains , factorization domains, unique factorization

domains
Course Code: MATH131
Course Title: Computing Tools
Credit Hours: (2 3 3)
Pre-requisite(s): None

Course Objectives:

The objectives of this course are:

a) To learn about arrays, cell and structure.
b) To learn how to plot 2 and 3D functions with Matlab.
c) To learn about symbolical processing.
d) To learn how to construct user define functions and do simple programming
in Matlab.

Reading list:

1. W. J. Palm III, “A Concise Introduction to MATLAB”, McGraw-Hill, 2008.

2. S. Attaway, “A Practical Introduction to Programming and Problem solving”, 2nd
edition, Elsevier Inc, 2011.
3. B.R. Hunt, R.L. Lipsman and J.M. Rosenberg,“A Guide to MATLAB for
Beginners and Experienced Users”, 2nd edition,Cambridge University press,2006.
4. A. Knight, “Basics of MATLAB & Beyond”, Chapman and Hall, 2000.

Lecture-wise distribution of the Contents

Lecture # Topic
L1-L3 Introduction to the course ,Starting MATLAB, Command window, Command
history window, MATLAB Editor window, Current Directory window,
Workspace window ,Variables, Variables naming , Scalar arithmetic
operations, Order of Precedence, Assignment Operator, Managing the Work
Session, use of Tab and Arrow Keys, Predefined Constants, Complex
Number Operations, file handling
L4-L6 One- and Two-Dimensional Numeric Arrays, Multidimensional Numeric
Arrays, Element-by-Element Operations, Matrix Operations
L7-L8 Matrix Methods for Linear Equations, Polynomial Operations Using Arrays,
Cell Arrays, Structure Arrays, Special Matrices
L9-L10 Exponential and Logarithmic Functions, Complex Number Functions,
Numeric Functions, Trigonometric Functions.
L11-L13 User-Defined Functions, Some Simple Function Examples, Local and Global
Variables, Function Handles, Methods for Calling Functions
L14-L16 Anonymous Functions, Primary Function, Sub-functions, Nested Functions,
Relational Operators and Logical Variables, The logical Class, The logical
Function
L17-L19 Accessing Arrays Using Logical Arrays, Logical Operators and Functions,
Order of precedence for operator types, Short-Circuit Operators
L21-L23 Conditional Statements, The if, else, elseif Statement, Strings and
Conditional Statements, MATLAB program to solve linear equations and
other practice examples
L24 MID EXAM
L25-L27 For Loops, Series Calculation with a for Loop, nested loops, The break and
continue Statements, Using an Array as a Loop Index
L28-L30 While Loops, Series Calculation with a while Loop, The switch Structure,
Practice examples.
L31-L32 Debugging MATLAB Programs, Cell Mode, The Debug Menu, Debugging
 Using Breakpoints
L33-L35 xy Plotting Functions, Saving Figures, Exporting Figures, Additional
Commands and Plot Types, Interactive Plotting in MATLAB
L36-L38 Three-Dimensional Line Plots, Surface Mesh Plots, Contour Plots ,MATLAB
ODE Solvers, ode45, ode15s
L39-L40 Symbolic Processing, Symbolic Expressions, Manipulating Expressions,
Evaluating Expressions, Algebraic and Transcendental Equations solution
L41-L43 Sums, Limits, differentiation, integration and differential equations
L44-L46 Laplace Transforms, Symbolic Linear Algebra, Characteristic Polynomial and
Roots
L47-L48 Solving Linear Algebraic Equations
Course Code: MATH325
Course Title: Vector and Tensor Analysis
Credit Hours: (3 0 3)
Pre-requisite(s): MATH212

Course Objectives:

The objectives of this course are:

a) To learn about vector quantities and algebra of vector addition and multiplication.
b) To understand differentiation and integration of vector valued functions
and there applications.
c) To learn about tensor quantities and algebra of tensor addition and multiplication.
d) To understand differentiation of tensors fields.

Reading list:

1. D.E. Bourne , P.C Kendall , “Vector Analysis and Cartesian Tensors”,

3rd edition,
Stanley Thornes, 1999.
2. G.D. Smith, “Vector Analysis”, Oxford University Press, Oxford 1999.
3. M.R. Spiegel, “Vector Analysis & Introduction to Tensor Analysis”, McGraw Hill,
New
York 2009.
4. M.R. Spiegel, “Vector Analysis”, 2nd edition, McGraw Hill New York, 2009.
5. J.G. Simmonds, ”A Brief on Tensor Analysis”, Springer-Verlag, 2012.

Lecture-wise distribution of the Contents

Lecture # Topic
L1-L3 Introduction to the course ,Vectors , scalars ,Addition of vectors ,
Multiplication of a vector by a scalar , Algebra of vector addition and scalar
multiplication ,Unit vector ,Components of a vector ,Scalar and Vector fields
L4-L6 Dot Product and Cross product of vectors, Properties and applications of dot
and Cross product.
L7-L8 Scalar and vector triple product ,Properties and applications of triple product
L9-L11 Derivatives of vector valued functions of scalar variable, Differentiation
formulas Continuity and differentiability, Partial derivatives of vector functions
L12 Space curves ,unit tangent ,Principal normal , Bi-normal
L13-L15 Gradient, Divergence ,Curl , Formulas involving gradient, Divergence and
Curl
L16-L18 Integration of vector valued functions, Line integral, Work done by a variable
force, conservative vector field, scalar potential, Path independence ,Work
done around a closed path
L19-L21 Surface integrals, Volume integrals, Limit of sum definition and evaluation
technique
L22-L23 Transformation of coordinates, curvilinear coordinate , orthogonal curvilinear
coordinate, Unit vectors in curvilinear systems
L24 MID EXAM
L25-L26 Contra-variant and covariant components of a vector, Gradient, Divergence
and Curl in curvilinear coordinate system
L27-L29 Special orthogonal coordinate systems , Cylindrical Coordinate, spherical
Coordinates, Parabolic Cylindrical Coordinates, Paraboloidal Coordinates
L30-L32 Co-vector, Scalar product of vector and co-vector, Linear operators, Bilinear
and quadratic forms, Dual Bilinear forms, Einstein summation convention
,General definition of tensors.
L33-L35 Dot product and metric tensor, Tensors addition and multiplication by a
scalar, Tensor product
L36-L38 Contraction, Kronecker symbol, Levi-Civita symbol, Tensor fields in
Cartesian coordinates
L39-L41 Change of Cartesian coordinate system, Differentiation of tensor fields
L42-L44 Gradient, divergence, and curl, Laplace and d’Alambert operators
L45-L46 Tensor fields in curvilinear coordinate
L47-L48 Moving frame of curvilinear coordinates, Christoffel symbols
Course Code: MATH322
Course Title: Real Analysis-II
Credit Hours: (3 0 3)
Pre-requisite(s): MATH321

Course Objectives:
The course objectives are:
a) To learn the differentiation and integration theory in
b) To be able to construct proofs regarding sequences, series and their convergence
c) To be able to construct proofs regarding the improper integrals
d) To learn the Riemann–Stieltjes integrals

Reading list:

1. R. L. Brabenec, “Introduction to Real Analysis”, PWS Publishing Co., 1997.

2. E. D. Gaughan, “Introduction to Analysis, 5th edition, Brooks/Cole, 1997.
3. R. G. Bartle, D. R. Sherbert, “Introduction to Real Analysis” 4th edition, John Wiley &
Sons, 2011.
4. M. H. Protter, “Basic Elements of Real Analysis”, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1998.
5. S.S.C Malik, S. Arora, “Mathematical Analysis”, Wiley Eastern Ltd. 2009.

Lecture-wise distribution of the Contents

Lecture # Topic
L1 Introduction to the course
L2 Functions of several variables
L3-L4 Limit and Continuity
L5-L7 Differentiability
L8-L10 Partial derivatives, Chain rule
L11-L12 Young’s theorem and Schwarz theorem
L13-L15 Implicit functions, Implicit function theorem, Inverse function theorem
L16 Jacobian
L17 Functionally related functions
L18 Maxima and Minima for functions of two variables
L19-L20 Series of numbers and their convergence, Alternating Series, Leibnitz Test
L21-L23 Comparison test, Limit comparison test
L24 MID EXAM
L25 Cauchy integral test
L26-L28 D-Alembert Ratio test, Cauchy Root test + MIDTERM EXAMINATION
L29 Series of variable terms
L30 Uniform convergence
L31 Weierstrass M theorem
L32-L34 Convergence and Divergence of improper integrals
L35 P-Test for convergence of improper integrals
L36-L38 Darboux upper and lower sums and integrals
L39 Definition and existence of the Riemann integral
L40- L42 Theorems on Riemann integration
L43-L45 Integration and differentiation Theorems
L46-L48 Riemann-Steiltjes integration
Course Code: MATH331
Course Title: Numerical Analysis I
Credit Hours: (3 3 4)
Pre-requisite(s): MATH321

Course Objectives:

The objectives of this course are:

e) To demonstrate understanding of common numerical methods and how they are
used to obtain approximate solutions to otherwise intractable mathematical problems.
Root-finding iterative methods will be discussed both in respect of their derivations
and convergence performance.
f) To demonstrate numerical methods to obtain solutions of system of linear
and nonlinear algebraic equations.
g) To perform an error analysis for various numerical methods
h) To implement such numerical methods in MATLAB or any programming language.

Reading list:

1. R.L. Burden and J.D. Faires, “Numerical analysis 10th edition”,Brooks Cole, 2015.
2. C.F. Gerald, P.O. Wheatley, “Applied Numerical Analysis 7th edition”, Pearson , 2003.
3. K. Atkinsonan , W. Han, " Elementary Numerical Analysis 3rd edition”,Wiley,2003.
4. M.K. Jain, S.R.K. Iyengar, R.K. Jain “Numerical Methods for Scientific
and Engineering computation 6th edition”, New Age International Pvt Ltd,
2010.
5. R.W. Hamming, ”Numerical Methods for Scientists and Engineer 2nd revised edition”,
Dover, 1987.
6. F. B. Hildebrand , “Introduction to Numerical Analysis 2nd edition”, Dover,1987.
7. B. Bradie , “A Friendly Introduction to Numerical Analysis 1st edition”, Pearson, 2005.

Lecture-wise distribution of the Contents

Lecture # Topic
L1 Introduction to the course
L2-L3 Calculus Review: Continuity, differentiability and related theorems,
convergence of sequences, Taylor’s theorem
L4-L5 Error, types, sources and propagation, computer arithmetic’s
L6-L7 Algorithms and convergence, stability analysis of algorithms, error growth,
rate and order of convergence. Big-O and Little-O notations.
L8-L10 Solutions of equations in one variable: The Bisection method, algorithm (or
pseudo code) and Implementation in Matlab. Error Analysis
L11-L13 Fixed point, existence and uniqueness of fixed point, fixed point iteration,
cobwebbing diagram.
L14-L16 Newton’s Method, Derivation, Algorithm and Implementation in MATLAB,
Error Analysis. Modified Newton’s Method for roots with multiplicity.
L17-L19 Secant Method, Derivation, Algorithm and Implementation, Error Analysis
L20 Method of false position, Algorithm
L21 MID EXAM
L22-L23 Linear system of equations, Pivoting strategies, Linear algebra and matrix
inversions.
L24-L26 Elimination methods: Gauss Elimination and Gauss-Jordan, operations
analysis, Algorithms.
L27-L29 Matrix Factorizations: Doolittle’s method, Crout’s method, Cholesky method
with algorithms.
L30-L32 Norms of vectors and matrices, convergence and perturbation theorems
L33-L35 Eigen values and eigen vectors, power and inverse power method.
L36-L37 Spectral radius of a matrix, Greshgorin Circle theorem for bounds of eigen
values
L38-L40 Iterative methods for solving linear systems: Jacobi Iterative method, Gauss
Seidel Iterative method and SOR method with algorithms and
implementation in MATLAB.
L41 Condition number of a matrix
L42-L44 Solving Sparse systems: Gradient vectors, quadratic forms, Residuals,
Krylov subspace, Steepest descent method
L45-L48 Numerical solution of Nonlinear system using Newton’s method
Course Code: MATH323
Course Title: Complex Analysis
Credit Hours: (3 0 3)
Pre-requisite(s): MATH321

Course Objectives:

The objectives of this course are:

a) To understand basic theory of algebraic and geometric structures of the
complex numbers.
b) To understand the concepts of analyticity, Cauchy-Riemann relations and harmonic
functions are then introduced with some applications in fluid dynamics.
c) To learn Complex integration and complex power series.
d) To learn the classification of isolated singularities and examine the theory and
illustrate the applications of the calculus of residues in the evaluation of
integrals.

Reading list:

1. D. G. Zill, P. D. Shanahan, “A First Course in Complex Analysis with

Applications”, 3rd edition, Jones and Bartlett Publishers, 2013
2. J. W. Brown, R. V. Churchill, “Complex Variables and Applications”, 9th
edition, McGraw-Hill, 2013.
3. R. A. Silverman, “Complex Analysis with Applications’’, 1st edition, Dover, 2010.
4. E. B. Saff, A. D. Snider, “Fundamentals of Complex Analysis with Applications
to Science and Engineering”, 3rd edition”, Pearson Education, 2003.
5. R. K. Jain, S. R. K. Iyengar, “Advanced Engineering Mathematics” 10th edition, John
Wiley & Sons Inc., 2011.

Lecture-wise distribution of the Contents

Lecture # Topic

Introduction to the course, Complex Numbers and Their Properties,

L1-L3 Complex Plane, Polar Form of Complex Numbers, Powers and Roots, Sets
of Points in the Complex Plane,

Complex Functions, Complex Functions as Mappings, Linear Mappings,

L4-L6 Special Power Functions, Reciprocal Function, differences between real and
complex functions

L7-L9 Limits and Continuity, Complex functions as vector fields

L10-L12 Differentiability and Analyticity

L13-L14 Cauchy-Riemann Equations

Harmonic Functions, Applications: Orthogonal families, Gradient fields,

L15-L16
Complex potentials and ideal fluids, Heat flow
 Elementary functions: Exponential and Logarithmic Functions, Complex
L17-L19 Powers, Trigonometric and Hyperbolic Functions, Inverse Trigonometric and
Hyperbolic
 Functions

L20-L22 Real Integrals, Complex Integrals

L23 MID EXAM

L24-L26 Cauchy-Goursat Theorem

L27 Independence of Path

L28-L30 Cauchy’s Integral Formula, Cauchy’s Integral Formula for derivatives,

Consequences of Cauchy’s Integral Formula: Cauchy’s

L31-L33 Inequality,Liouville’s theorem, Fundamental theorem of algebra,Morera’s
theorem,Maximum Modulus theorem.

L34-L36 Sequences and series, Taylor series, Laurent series, zeros and poles

L37-L38 Residues and Residue theorem

L39 Evaluation of Real Trigonometric integrals

L40 Evaluation of Real improper integrals

L41 Integration along a Branch cut

L42-L43 Miscellaneous integrals

L44-L45 The Argument Principle and Roche’s theorem

L46-L48 Summing infinite series

Course Code: MATH471
Course Title: Mathematical
Modeling Credit Hours: (3 0 3)
Pre-requisite(s): MATH271/MATH212

Course Objectives:

The objectives of this course are:

a) To learn the basics of deterministic modeling.
b) To learn how to apply balance laws, conservative laws and constitutive laws
to construct a
mathematical model.
c) To analyze the derived model with dynamical system point of view.
d) To interpret the qualitative behavior of the model.

Reading list:

1. F. R. Adler, “Modeling The Dynamics of Life: Calculus and Probability for

Life Scientists”, 3rd
Brooks/Cole, 2013.
2. S. H. Strogatz, “Nonlinear dynamics and chaos: With applications in
Physics, Biology,
Chemistry and Engineering”, 2nd, Westview Press, 2014.
3. L. Edelstein-Keshet, “Mathematical Models in Biology”, Leah SIAM, 2005.
4. C. H. Taubes, “Modeling Differential Equations in Biology”, 2nd edition, Cambridge
University Press, 2008.

Lecture-wise distribution of the Contents

Lecture # Topic
L1 Introduction to the course
L2-L3 Introduction: Deterministic Vs Stochastic modeling, Modeling Components,
Modeling laws.
L4 Review of some physical and biochemical laws.
L5-L6 Units and Dimensions, Dimensional analysis and Scaling.
L7-L8 Buckingham Pi theorem and its Importance , examples.
L9-L11 One-dimensional flows: geometric approach, fixed points and stability,
Potentials.
L12-L13 Linear stability analysis for 1D systems.
L14-L16 1D Bifurcations: Saddle Node Bifurcation, Transcritical Bifurcation, Pitchfork
Bifurcation, examples.
L17-L19 Linear systems :Definitions and examples, Classifications.
L20-L22 Phase Plane: Phase portrait, Existence, Uniqueness and Topological
consequences.
L23 MID EXAM
L24-L25 Nullclines, Fixed points and linearization.
L26-L27 Conservative systems, Reversible systems, Nonlinear Pendulum.
L28-L29 Biological Models Using Difference equations: Cell division, An insect
population.
L30-L32 Propagation of Annual plants: problem statement, assumptions, equations,
condensing the equations, validation.
L33-L34 System of linear difference equations.
L35-L37 Nonlinear difference equations: steady states, stability and critical
parameters, system of non-linear difference equations.
L38-L39 Applications of non-linear difference equations to population Biology.
L40-L41 Continuous time models: Formulating a model, dimensional analysis, steady
states, stability and linearization, examples.
L42-L44 Applications of continuous Models to Population dynamics: Malthus model,
logistic model, Allee effect, Gomoertz growth in tumors,predator-prey
systems and Lotka-Volterra equations, populations in competition.
L45-L48 Models for molecular events: Chemical reactions and law of mass action,
Michaelis-Menten kinetics, The Quasi-Steady state assumptions, Sigmoidal
kinetics.
Course Code: MATH424
Course Title: Functional Analysis
Credit Hours: (3 0 3)
Pre-requisite(s): MATH212

Course Objectives:

a) To understand the notion of norm and inner product in an arbitrary linear space
b) To learn general theory of operators
c) To study Hilbert spaces
d) To learn the basic techniques and methods of functional analysis

Reading List:

1) J.B. Conway, “A Course in Functional Analysis”, 2nd ed., Springer-Verlag, 1997.

2) E. Kreyszig, “Introductory Functional Analysis with Applications”, John Wiley & Sons,
2004.
3) P.D. Lax, “Functional Analysis”, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2002.
4) A. Majeed, “Elements of Topology and Functional Analysis”, Ilmi Kitab
Khana, Lahore, 1997.
5) W. Rudin, “Functional Analysis”, 2nd Edition, McGraw Hill, Inc., 1991.
6) K. Saxe, “Beginning Functional Analysis”, Springer-Verlag, 2001.
7) A.E. Taylor and David C. Lay, “Introduction to Functional Analysis”, John Wiley
& Sons, 1980.
8) K. Yosida, “Introduction to Functional Analysis with applications”, 5th ed., Springer-
Verlag, 1995.
Lecture-wise distribution of the course contents

Lecture # Topics

L1 Introduction to the course

L2-L3 Review of metric spaces (e.g., convergence, completeness etc. ) and linear
spaces,

L4-L6 Young’s inequality, Hilbert’s inequality, Cauchy-Schwarz inequality,

Minkowski’s inequality

L7-L9 Normed spaces, complete normed spaces (Banach), examples of

incomplete normed space, Completeness and finite dimension

L10-L12 Equivalent norms, finite dimension and equivalent norm

L13-L15 Linear operator, bounded and continuous linear operator

L16-L18 Bounded linear extension, normed space of bounded linear operators and
its completeness

L19-L21 Linear functional (LF), bounded and continuous LF

L22-L23 Dual spaces, reflexivity

L24 MID EXAM

L25-L27 Hahn-Banach Theorem for real (without proof) complex and normed spaces
with some important consequences
L28-L30 Inner product, inner product space, Hilbert Space and properties

L31-L33 Orthogonality , Orthogonal complements and direct sums, annihilators

L34-L36 Orthonormal sets and sequences with properties, Bessel’s inequality

L37-L39 Gram-Schmidt process of orthonormalization

L40-L42 Total Orthonormal sets and sequences, Parseval relation

L43-L45 Representation of functionals on Hilbert spaces, Riesz’s Theorem,

Sesquilinear forms and their representation

L46-L48 Hilbert-adjoint operator, self-adjoint, unitary and normal operators

Course Code: MATH431
Course Title: Numerical Analysis-II
Credit Hours: (3 3 4)
Pre-requisite(s): MATH331

Course Objectives:

The objectives of this course are:

a) To understand the basic problems of interpolation and approximation
both theoretically and Computationally.
b) To understand quadrature rules and numerical rules for the solution of ODEs
both theoretically and computationally.
c) To perform an error analysis for the methods discussed in this course.

Reading list:

1. R.L. Burden, J. D. Faires, “Numerical analysis” 8th edition, Brooks Cole, 2004.
2. C.F. Gerald, “Applied Numerical Analysis, 8th edition”, Pearson Education, 2008.
3. K. Atkinson, “Elementary Numerical Analysis”, 3rd edition, John Wiley & Sons Inc.,
2003.
4. M.K. Jain, S. R. K. Iyengar, R. K. Jain, “Numerical Methods for Scientific
and Engineering Computation”, New Age International Pvt. Ltd., 2007.
5. R.W. Hamming, “Numerical Methods for Scientists and Engineer”, 2nd revised
edition”, 1987.
6. F.B. Hildebrand , “Introduction to Numerical Analysis”, 2nd edition, Dover, 1987.
7. B. Bradie, “A Friendly Introduction to Numerical Analysis”, 1st edition”, 2005.

Lecture-wise distribution of the Contents

Lecture # Topic
L1 Introduction to the course
L2-L3 Introduction to Interpolation Problem, Weirstrass approximation theorem,
Interpolation with Taylor polynomials and limitations.
L4-L6 Lagrange basis, Lagrange polynomial Interpolation, Algorithm, Error Analysis
with Lagrange Interpolating Polynomial.
L7-L9 Operators, Divided Differences, Newton’s Interpolating divided difference
formula, Newton-forward, backward and centered difference formulas.
Divided difference Algorithm.
L10-L12 Equally spaced interpolation drawbacks, Runge’s phenomenon.
L13-L14 Interpolation with Chebyshev nodes.
L15-L17 Splines, Linear, quadratic and Cubic Spline Interpolation with algorithms.
Error bounds.
L18-L20 Approximation Vs Interpolation, The Minimax approximation problem, The
least squares approximation problem.
L21-L22 Orthogonal polynomials and least squares approximation revisited.
L23 MID EXAM
L24-L25 Numerical Differentiation, Error Analysis.
L26-L27 Newton-cotes quadrature formulas: Trapezoidal rule, derivation, error term
and algorithms.
L28-L29 Simpson’s rule with various forms, derivation, error term, algorithm.
L30-L31 Midpoint rule, derivation, error term, algorithm.
L32 Degree of precision of a Quadrature rule.
L33-L35 Drawbacks with Newton-cotes quadrature, Gaussian Quadrature with
different weights of classes of orthogonal polynomials.
L36 Romberg Integration.
L37-L39 Numerical Solution of IVP and BVP for ordinary differential equations:
Existence, Uniqueness and stability theory.
L40-L41 Euler’s method, derivation, error analysis, algorithm.
L42 Modified Euler’s method, error analysis, algorithm.
L43 Runge-Kutta method of general order.
L44-L45 Multistep method, derivations, convergence and stability.
L46-L47 Stiff differential equations, Boundary value problems, Shooting method.
L48 A tour guide of MATLAB built-in ODE solvers.
Course Code: MATH472
Course Title: Integral Equations
Credit Hours: (3 0 3)
Pre-requisite(s): MATH271

Course Objectives:

The objectives of this course are:

a) To learn the theory of linear and nonlinear integral equations.

b) To learn the connection of integral equations with ordinary differential equations.
c) To learn different classes of integral equations.

Reading list:

1. L. Moiseiwitsch, “Integral Equations”, Longman London and New York, 1977.

2. R. P. Kanwal, “Linear Integral Equations Theory and Technique”, Academic
Press, 1971.
3. A.M. Wazwaz, “Linear and Nonlinear Integral Equations: Methods and
Applications”, Springer, 2011.
4. Hochstadt, “Integral equations”, John Wiley and Sons Inc., 1973.

Lecture-wise distribution of the Contents

Lecture # Topic
L1-L2 Classification of integral equations , Historical introduction , Linear integral
equations , Special types of kernel , Symmetric kernels
L3 Kernels producing convolution integrals, Separable kernels
L4-L5 Square integrable functions and kernels , Singular integral equations
L6 Non-linear integral equations
L7-L9 Linear differential equations, Green's function, Influence function
L10 Integral transforms
L11-L13 Fredholm equation of the first kind, Stieltjes integral equation, Volterra
equation of the first kind
L14-L16 Fredholm equation of the second kind, Volterra equation of the second kind
L17-L19 Method of successive approximations: Neumann series, Iterates and the
resolvent kernel
L20-L22 Generalization to higher dimensions, Green's functions in two and three
dimensions
L23 MID EXAM
L24-L26 Dirichlet's problem, Poisson's formula for the unit disc
L27-L29 Poisson's formula for the half plane
L30 Hilbert kernel, Hilbert transforms
L31-L32 Singular integral equation of Hilbert type
L33-L34 Resolvent equation, Uniqueness theorem, Characteristic values and
functions
L35-L37 Neumann seres, Volterra integral equation of the second kind, Bacher's
example, Fredholm equation in abstract Hilbert space , Degenerate kernels ,
Approximation by degenerate kernels
L38-L40 Fredholm';, theorems, Fredholm theorems for completely continuous,
 Operators, Fredholm formulae for continuous kernels
L41-L43 Hermitian kernels, Spectrum of a Hilbert-Schmidt kernel
L44-L46 Expansion theorems, Hilbert-Schmidt theorem, Hilbert's formula, Expansion
theorem for iterated kernels, Solution of Fredholm equation of second kind.
L47-L48 Bounds on characteristic values, Positive kernels, Mercer's theorem,
Variational principles, Rayleigh-Ritz variational method.
Course Code: MATH451
Course Title: Differential Geometry
Credit Hours: (3 0 3)
Pre-requisite(s): MATH351

Course Objectives:

The objectives of this course are:

a) To learn about space curves their curvature and torsion.
b) To understand intrinsic and non-intrinsic properties of surfaces.
c) To understand the application of vector calculus to explore geometry of curves
and surfaces.

Reading list:

1.B.E. Weather, “Differential Geometry of Three Dimensions”, Cambridge University

Press, 1961.
2. R.S. Millman, G. D. Parker “Elements of Differential Geometry”, 1st edition, Prentice
Hall, 1977.
3. D.J. Struik, “Lectures on Classical Differential Geometry”, Addison Wesley, 1962.

Lecture-wise distribution of the Contents

Lecture # Topic

L1-L3 Introduction to the course, Vectors and scalars, Addition of vectors, scalar
multiplication, Direction angels, cosine and ratios, dot product, cross product,
Scalar triple product, Vector triple product

L4-L6 Differential geometry, Space curves, parametric equations, Tangent at a

point, Equation of tangent line

L7-L9 Arc length as a parameter, conversion of parameters

L10-L12 Unit tangent, Principal normal, Bi-normal, Moving tetrahedron,

L13-L15 Fundamental planes associated with space curve, Equation of osculating

plane in different forms, curvature

L16-L18 Torsion for space curves, Serret-Frenet formulae, Different type of relations
for Curvature and Torsion calculation

L19-L21 Plane and Skewed curves, Different criterion for a curve to be planar,
Osculating Circle at a point of a curve

L22-L23 Involutes and Evolutes, Derivation of equation for the curves

L24 MID EXAM

L25-L27 properties of evolutes, Order of contact between curves and surfaces,

Osculating sphere of a curve at a point

L29-L30 equation for the locus of center of osculating sphere and its properties,
Spherical and Cylindrical helices

L31-L33 Spherical indicatrices and their properties, Theorems on different properties

 of the curves, Surfaces

L34-L36 tangent plane, Normal vector, family of surfaces, Envelope and

characteristics of a family of surfaces, Edge of regression

L37-L39 Developable surfaces, Developable surfaces associated with a space curve,

L40-L42 First fundamental form of a surface, Geometrical meaning, First fundamental

magnitudes Properties, Applications, Second fundamental form of a surface,

L43-L45 Geometrical meaning of Second fundamental form of a surface, Second

fundamental magnitudes, Properties, Applications, Normal section, Normal
curvature

L46-L48 Principal directions and principal curvatures. Gaussian and mean curvature,
Euler’s Theorem,