Khwaja Khurshid Anwar: Iqbal (1899-1979), Who Became A

 r and music composer Khwaja
Khurshid Anwar.[25][26] Their families

arranged the marriage, and the
couple had two children; a
daughter, Miraj Begum (1895–
1915), and a son, Aftab
Iqbal (1899–1979), who became a
barrister.[24][27] Another son is said
to have died after birth in 1901.
Iqbal and Karim Bibi separated
somewhere between 1910 and
1913. Despite this, he continued to
financially support her till his death.
[28]
 Iqbal's second marriage was

with Mukhtar Begum, and it was
held in December 1914, shortly
after the death of Iqbal's mother
the previous November.[29][20] They
had a son, but both the mother
and son died shortly after birth in
1924.[24]
 Later, Iqbal married Sardar
Begum, and they became the
parents of a son, Javed
Iqbal (1924–2015), who
became Senior Justice of the
Supreme Court of Pakistan, and a
daughter, Muneera Bano (b.
1930).[24][28] One of Muneera's sons
is the philanthropist-cum-
socialite Yousuf Salahuddin.[28]
Higher education in
Europe[edit]
Iqbal was influenced by the
teachings of Sir Thomas Arnold, his
philosophy teacher at Government
College Lahore, to pursue higher
education in the West. In 1905, he
travelled to England for that
purpose. While already acquainted
with Friedrich Nietzsche and Henri
Bergson, Iqbal would
discover Rumi slightly before his
departure to England, and he would
teach the Masnavi to his
friend Swami Rama Tirtha, who in
return would teach him Sanskrit.
[30]
Iqbal qualified for a scholarship
from Trinity College, University of
Cambridge, and obtained a
Bachelor of Arts in 1906. In the
same year he was called to the
bar as a barrister at Lincoln's Inn. In
1907, Iqbal moved to Germany to
pursue his doctoral studies, and
earned a Doctor of Philosophy
degree from the Ludwig Maximilian
University of Munich in 1908.
Working under the guidance
of Friedrich Hommel,
Iqbal's doctoral thesis was
entitled The Development of
Metaphysics in Persia.[14][7][31][32]
In 1907, he had a close friendship
with the writer Atiya Fyzee in both
Britain and Germany. Atiya would
later publish their correspondence.
[33]
While Iqbal was in Heidelberg in
1907, his German professor Emma
Wegenast taught him
about Goethe's Faust, Heine and
Nietzsche.[34] He
mastered German in three months.
During his study in Europe, Iqbal
[35]
began to write poetry in Persian. He

preferred to write in this language
because doing so made it easier to
express his thoughts. He would
write continuously in Persian
throughout his life.[14]
Iqbal had a great interest in Islamic
studies, especially Sufi beliefs. In
his poetry, apart from independent
ideologies, he also explores
concepts of submission to Allah and
following the path of Prophet
Muhammad.[citation needed]
 r and music composer Khwaja
Khurshid Anwar.[25][26] Their families
arranged the marriage, and the
couple had two children; a
daughter, Miraj Begum (1895–
1915), and a son, Aftab
Iqbal (1899–1979), who became a
barrister.[24][27] Another son is said
to have died after birth in 1901.
Iqbal and Karim Bibi separated
somewhere between 1910 and
1913. Despite this, he continued to
financially support her till his death.
[28]
 Iqbal's second marriage was

with Mukhtar Begum, and it was
held in December 1914, shortly
after the death of Iqbal's mother
the previous November.[29][20] They
had a son, but both the mother
and son died shortly after birth in
1924.[24]
 Later, Iqbal married Sardar
Begum, and they became the
parents of a son, Javed
Iqbal (1924–2015), who
became Senior Justice of the
Supreme Court of Pakistan, and a
daughter, Muneera Bano (b.
1930).[24][28] One of Muneera's sons
is the philanthropist-cum-
socialite Yousuf Salahuddin.[28]
Higher education in
Europe[edit]
Iqbal was influenced by the
teachings of Sir Thomas Arnold, his
philosophy teacher at Government
College Lahore, to pursue higher
education in the West. In 1905, he
travelled to England for that
purpose. While already acquainted
with Friedrich Nietzsche and Henri
Bergson, Iqbal would
discover Rumi slightly before his
departure to England, and he would
teach the Masnavi to his
friend Swami Rama Tirtha, who in
return would teach him Sanskrit.
[30]
Iqbal qualified for a scholarship
from Trinity College, University of
Cambridge, and obtained a
Bachelor of Arts in 1906. In the
same year he was called to the
bar as a barrister at Lincoln's Inn. In
1907, Iqbal moved to Germany to
pursue his doctoral studies, and
earned a Doctor of Philosophy
degree from the Ludwig Maximilian
University of Munich in 1908.
Working under the guidance
of Friedrich Hommel,
Iqbal's doctoral thesis was
entitled The Development of
Metaphysics in Persia.[14][7][31][32]
In 1907, he had a close friendship
with the writer Atiya Fyzee in both
Britain and Germany. Atiya would
later publish their correspondence.
[33]
While Iqbal was in Heidelberg in
1907, his German professor Emma
Wegenast taught him
about Goethe's Faust, Heine and
Nietzsche.[34] He
mastered German in three months.
[35]
During his study in Europe, Iqbal
began to write poetry in Persian. He
preferred to write in this language
dsfds
Iqbal had a great interest in Islamic
studies, especially Sufi beliefs. In
his poetry, apart from independent
ideologies, he also explores
concepts of submission to Allah and
following the path of Prophet
Muhammad.[citation needed]

Khwaja Khurshid Anwar: Iqbal (1899-1979), Who Became A

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Khwaja Khurshid Anwar: Iqbal (1899-1979), Who Became A

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Khwaja Khurshid Anwar: Iqbal (1899-1979), Who Became A

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

 r and music composer Khwaja

Khurshid Anwar.[25][26] Their families

 Iqbal's second marriage was

began to write poetry in Persian. He

 Iqbal's second marriage was

You might also like