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    Applying Irrigation Technology To Citrus Cultivation

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    Estefany Hinojosa
    This document summarizes a study on the effects of partial wetting of root zones and fertilizer applications on yield and quality of Shamouti sweet oranges. The study found that the highest yields resulted from the smallest wetted soil area (35%) for the same amount of water and fertilizer. Varying the fertilizer and water applications affected both yield and quality. The highest nitrogen application of 69 ppm produced significantly higher yields than the lower rates of 15 and 35 ppm. Lower water application of 550 mm resulted in lower yields than the higher applications of 750 and 900 mm. Fruit quality and soluble solids to acid ratio were not significantly affected, though higher nitrogen increased peel thickness and caused some fruit greening.

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    Applying Irrigation Technology To Citrus Cultivation

    Uploaded by

    Estefany Hinojosa
    156 views2 pages
    This document summarizes a study on the effects of partial wetting of root zones and fertilizer applications on yield and quality of Shamouti sweet oranges. The study found that the highest yields resulted from the smallest wetted soil area (35%) for the same amount of water and fertilizer. Varying the fertilizer and water applications affected both yield and quality. The highest nitrogen application of 69 ppm produced significantly higher yields than the lower rates of 15 and 35 ppm. Lower water application of 550 mm resulted in lower yields than the higher applications of 750 and 900 mm. Fruit quality and soluble solids to acid ratio were not significantly affected, though higher nitrogen increased peel thickness and caused some fruit greening.

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    APPLYING IRRIGATION TECHNOLOGY TO CITRUS CULTIVATION

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    This document summarizes a study on the effects of partial wetting of root zones and fertilizer applications on yield and quality of Shamouti sweet oranges. The study found that the highest yields resulted from the smallest wetted soil area (35%) for the same amount of water and fertilizer. Varying the fertilizer and water applications affected both yield and quality. The highest nitrogen application of 69 ppm produced significantly higher yields than the lower rates of 15 and 35 ppm. Lower water application of 550 mm resulted in lower yields than the higher applications of 750 and 900 mm. Fruit quality and soluble solids to acid ratio were not significantly affected, though higher nitrogen increased peel thickness and caused some fruit greening.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    156 views2 pages

    Applying Irrigation Technology To Citrus Cultivation

    Uploaded by

    Estefany Hinojosa
    This document summarizes a study on the effects of partial wetting of root zones and fertilizer applications on yield and quality of Shamouti sweet oranges. The study found that the highest yields resulted from the smallest wetted soil area (35%) for the same amount of water and fertilizer. Varying the fertilizer and water applications affected both yield and quality. The highest nitrogen application of 69 ppm produced significantly higher yields than the lower rates of 15 and 35 ppm. Lower water application of 550 mm resulted in lower yields than the higher applications of 750 and 900 mm. Fruit quality and soluble solids to acid ratio were not significantly affected, though higher nitrogen increased peel thickness and caused some fruit greening.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    APPLYING IRRIGATION TECHNOLOGY TO CITRUS CULTIVATION

    Three year trial son a mature orange grove have shown that yields were highest when the wetted
    area was the smallest, for the same quantity of wáter and fertilizer. Varying the fertlizer and wáter
    applications affected yield and quality.

    ABSTRACT

    The effect of fertigation under partial wetting of the root zone, on yield respance and quality of
    Shamouti sweet orange (Citrus sinensis (L)) is being investigated in a long term experiment begun
    in 1978, in a mature grove in Nordie in the coestal plain of Israel. Three different wetted áreas of
    about 35%, 70% and 90% were obtained by means of low pressure and regular sprinkier. Three
    amounts of irrigation water 550, 750 and 900 mm (ET-25% ET and ET+20%) were applied at 7 day
    intervals, from early April until mid-November. In the medium irrigation treatment in all three
    wetted soil areas, three levels of nitrogen, 15, 35 and 69 ppm, were applied throungh the
    irrigation system until the end of July. The various soil moisture and fertilizer regimes affected
    citus production and quality. The highest nitrogen application gave a significantly higher yield than
    the lower rates. The low water application produced a lower yield than the two higher
    applications. The average yield in the 1980 season was 83.1, 74.8 and 73.7 ton/ha in the 35%, 70%
    and 90% wetted áreas. Fruit quality and the total soluble soilds-to-acid ratio was not affected
    considerably. However, in plots with the highest leved of nitrogen, greening of the fruit and an
    increase in peel thickness was observed. The various fertilizer levels affected mineral content in
    soil, leaves and fruit. Tree growth, leaf water potential and root distribution were affected mainly
    by irrigation treatment.

    ET=(Evapotranspiration)

    Introduction

    Citrus culture, practised on almost every continent, is limited by constantly depleting water
    resources and the increasing cost of irrigation waternand fertilizers.

    Advances in citrus management relative to these two resources have contributed significantly to
    the attainment of increesped citrus production during the last decase.

    The irrigation and fertililization practices in citrus culture are basedon long horticultural tradition
    and extensive research. However, changes in irrigation and fertilization technology require a
    reassessment of the traditional practices.

    The introduction of solid set, microjet or drip systems provide much better control of water and
    fertilizer application (Tend to increase the water use efficiency ). The modern solid set systems
    make it possible to apply fertilizers through the irrigation system and provide a frequent supply of
    nutrients to the trees.

    These new methods gave rise to the concept of fertigation under partial wetting of the root zone.

    The effect of partial wetting and various levels of nitrogen (applied through the irrigation system)
    on the yield and quality of shamouti orange is being investigated.
    The results obtained in the 1978, 1979 and 1980 seasons are presented and the relations between
    water and fertilizer supply, water use efficiency and citrus yield response and their implications for
    optimum citrus production are discussed.

    Materiales y métodos

    The experiement was begun in April 1978 in a 16 year old Shamouti orange grove. The planting
    distance is 4 x 6 m. The planting distance is 4 x 6 m. The soil is Sandy to Sandy loam Hamra on a
    Sandy subsoil. The climate is Mediterranean with an average anual rainfall of 500 mm confined to
    the November-March period. The raintess irrigation season is from April to November.

    The long long term mean deily evaporation rate from a U.S. Weather Buresu Class. A pan is 5.1
    mm in April 6.0 mm in May, 7.5 mm in june, 7.2 mm in july, 6.8 mm in August, 5.9 mm in
    September and 4.1 in october. The year to year deviations from these values are minon.

    The experimental treatments are presented in table 1. The three wetted areas of about 35%, 70%
    and 90% were obtained by means of microsprayer (S) low pressure microsprayers (M) and regular
    sprinklers (L), respectively.

    Three seasonal amounts of irrigation water, about 550 (I1), 750 (I2) and 900 (I3) mm were applied
    at 7 day intervals from early in April until the end of october. The médium amount of irrigation
    water, I2, 750 mm (0.6 of class a pan evaporation), was set according to local irrigation treatment,
    in ail three wetted soil áreas, 3 lavals of nitrogen , N1=15ppm, N2=35 ppmand N3= 60 ppm were
    applied through the irrigation system until the end of july. Ail nitrogen levels included the 10 ppm
    N-NO3 of the local well water. The fertilizers were applied by means of a proportional fertilizer
    pump (T.M.B.Pump).

    Nitrogen was applied as NH4, NO3 solution, potassium as KNO3 and phosphorus as ammonium
    poly

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