What Is A Computer Program
What Is A Computer Program
What Is A Computer Program
al Republicii Moldova
RAPORT
Tema: What is a computer program?
Chişinău – 2020
As you can read in our long article on computer history, the first computers were
gigantic calculating machines and all they ever really did was "crunch numbers": solve lengthy,
difficult, or tedious mathematical problems. Today, computers work on a much wider variety of
problems—but they are all still, essentially, calculations. Everything a computer does, from
helping you to edit a photograph you've taken with a digital camera to displaying a web page,
involves manipulating numbers in one way or another.
Suppose you're looking at a digital photo you just taken in a paint or photo-editing
program and you decide you want a mirror image of it (in other words, flip it from left to right).
You probably know that the photo is made up of millions of individual pixels (colored squares)
arranged in a grid pattern. The computer stores each pixel as a number, so taking a digital photo
is really like an instant, orderly exercise in painting by numbers! To flip a digital photo, the
computer simply reverses the sequence of numbers so they run from right to left instead of left to
right. Or suppose you want to make the photograph brighter. All you have to do is slide the little
"brightness" icon. The computer then works through all the pixels, increasing the brightness
value for each one by, say, 10 percent to make the entire image brighter. So, once again, the
problem boils down to numbers and calculations.
What makes a computer different from a calculator is that it can work all by itself. You just give
it your instructions (called a program) and off it goes, performing a long and complex series of
operations all by itself. Back in the 1970s and 1980s, if you wanted a home computer to do
almost anything at all, you had to write your own little program to do it. For example, before you
could write a letter on a computer, you had to write a program that would read the letters you
typed on the keyboard, store them in the memory, and display them on the screen. Writing the
program usually took more time than doing whatever it was that you had originally wanted to do
(writing the letter). Pretty soon, people started selling programs like word processors to save you
the need to write programs yourself.
Today, most computer users rely on prewritten programs like Microsoft Word and Excel or
download apps for their tablets and smartphones without caring much how they got there. Hardly
anyone writes programs any more, which is a shame, because it's great fun and a really useful
skill. Most people see their computers as tools that help them do jobs, rather than complex
electronic machines they have to pre-program. Some would say that's just as well, because most
of us have better things to do than computer programming. Then again, if we all rely on
computer programs and apps, someone has to write them, and those skills need to survive.
Thankfully, there's been a recent resurgence of interest in computer programming. "Coding" (an
informal name for programming, since programs are sometimes referred to as "code") is being
taught in schools again with the help of easy-to-use programming languages like Scratch. There's
a growing hobbyist movement, linked to build-it yourself gadgets like the Raspberry Pi and
Arduino. And Code Clubs, where volunteers teach kids programming, are springing up all over
the world.
I. Questions :
a) The software designer created a computer program for the FBI that was able to create composite
sketches of suspects to aid in their investigations.