Design of Mechanical Systems: 5th Term Electromechanical Eng. Program (Fall 2017) Lecture Four Ball Screws

Download as pdf or txt
Download as pdf or txt
You are on page 1of 49

‫ميحرلا نمحرلا هللا‬ ‫بسم‬

Design of Mechanical Systems


5th Term Electromechanical Eng. Program
(Fall 2017)

Lecture Four
Ball Screws

Dr.Yasser Saad Dr. Mohammad Alkomy


Variety of Screws

Sliding and rolling friction)


Ball Screws
A ball screw is a precision assembly that consists of an
externally threaded screw and an internally threaded ball
nut. This assembly is used to transform rotary motion
into linear motion. Because they are more precise and
efficient, ball screw assemblies are an improvement over
traditional acme and square screws and nuts. Its
construction results in very high mechanical efficiency
(typically 92-95%) and much less energy consumption
for a given load. Thus smaller motors and other drive
components can be used with Ball Screws, in others
words, the same torque used to move a specific load on
conventional screw will move three times or more the
load on a Ball Screw.
Ball Screw Terminology
The following is a partial list of definitions
relating to the screw, nut, and rolling balls that
make up the ball screw assembly.
1) Nominal Ball Diameter.... The diameter of the
load carrying balls contained in the ball nut.
2) Ball Pitch Circle Diameter.... The diameter of
an imaginary circle as drawn through the centers
of the bearing balls. (similar to a gear’s pitch
circle diameter)
3) Screw Major Diameter.... The outside
diameter of the ball screw thread.
4)Root Diameter (Minor Diameter).... The
diameter of the ball screw measured at the bottom
of the thread.
5) Pitch.... The straight line distance between two
adjacent threads of the ball screw.
6) Thread Starts.... The number of independent
threads on the screw or nut.
7) Lead.... The distance the nut advances in one
revolution. The lead is equal to the pitch
multiplied by the number of thread starts.
8) Maximum Linear Speed.... The maximum
distance moved by the nut per unit of time. It is
often expressed in inches per second or meters
per minute.
9) Backlash.... The axial free motion between
the screw and nut. It is the sum of the axial
clearance and the deformation caused by axial
loading.
10) Preloading.... The method of eliminating the
backlash in a ball screw assembly when
necessary.
Ball screw lead

Relation between lead and rotational speed of screw shaft

What is the travel speed of a ball nut with a lead of


10 mm, when its screw shaft rotates at 2000 rpm.?
(10 mm/revolution) × 2000 revolutions/min. =
20000 mm/min. (= 20 m/min)
Calculating the Lead Angle
Positive Efficiency
(Rotational to Linear)
Negative Efficiency
(Linear to Rotational)
Precision Machinery( horizontal)
Precision Machinery
(vertical)
Types of nuts
1- External Tube Type
The most common type.
A return tube allows balls to recirculate.
Types of nuts
2-Internal Tube Type
Compact type, Easy to install
Types of nuts
3- End-cap Type
These nuts are suitable for long-lead type
Balls are recirculating in an end-cap.
Standard seal
Profile of ball groove
The profile of ball groove looks like the shape of
the roofs that are characteristic to Gothic-style
buildings. It is called “Gothic arch” ball groove.
Profile of ball groove
Screw Mounting

Fixed - Free
Screw Mounting

Fixed - Supported
Screw Mounting

Fixed - Fixed
Permissible Tensile
and Compressive
Load Diagram
Backlash and Preload of Ball Screws

Ball screw assemblies often have a certain amount of


backlash present. Backlash is axial movement caused
by clearance between the ball screw’s components, as
well as from the deformation of these components
from an axial load. The elimination of backlash is
necessary on many machines where precise
positioning and high stiffness are a must. The
elimination of the backlash is achieved by preloading
the ball screw assembly.
What is a preload?
Preload is to create elastic deformations (deflections)
in steel balls and ball grooves in the nut and the
screw shaft in advance by providing an axial load.

Purpose of preload (effects)


 It eliminates axial play between a screw shaft
and a ball nut. (Zero backlash)
 It minimizes elastic deformation caused by
external force. (Enhances rigidity.)
1) Double nut preloading system
2) Double nut spring preloading system
3) Oversize ball preloading system
Ball Screw driving Torque
Relationship between Thrust and Torque
Examples of Calculating Driving Torque
When moving an object with a mass of 500 kg
using a screw with an effective diameter (ball
center diameter) of 33 mm and a lead length of
10 mm (lead angle:5°30'), ball screw (μ= 0.003)
,sliding screw (μ= 0.2).Determine the required
torque in the two cases.
Ball Screw (from μ = 0.003, η = 0.96)
Sliding Screw (from μ= 0.2, η= 0.32)

You might also like