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    Homework #2 Solutions

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    RUSNIANTI NUR
    The document provides solutions to four homework problems involving tensor notation and mechanics concepts: 1. It identifies different tensor notation quantities and their corresponding vector and expanded forms. 2. It demonstrates that multiplying both sides of an identity for the Levi-Civita symbol by δ results in another identity. 3. It shows that the curl of the cross product of two vectors u and v can be written in terms of the divergence of u and v and the gradient of u and v. 4. It inverts Hooke's law to solve for stress as a function of strain and temperature change, accounting for thermal expansion effects. The solution expresses stress as a function of strain, temperature change, Poisson's ratio

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    Homework #2 Solutions

    Uploaded by

    RUSNIANTI NUR
    82 views4 pages
    The document provides solutions to four homework problems involving tensor notation and mechanics concepts: 1. It identifies different tensor notation quantities and their corresponding vector and expanded forms. 2. It demonstrates that multiplying both sides of an identity for the Levi-Civita symbol by δ results in another identity. 3. It shows that the curl of the cross product of two vectors u and v can be written in terms of the divergence of u and v and the gradient of u and v. 4. It inverts Hooke's law to solve for stress as a function of strain and temperature change, accounting for thermal expansion effects. The solution expresses stress as a function of strain, temperature change, Poisson's ratio

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    The document provides solutions to four homework problems involving tensor notation and mechanics concepts: 1. It identifies different tensor notation quantities and their corresponding vector and expanded forms. 2. It demonstrates that multiplying both sides of an identity for the Levi-Civita symbol by δ results in another identity. 3. It shows that the curl of the cross product of two vectors u and v can be written in terms of the divergence of u and v and the gradient of u and v. 4. It inverts Hooke's law to solve for stress as a function of strain and temperature change, accounting for thermal expansion effects. The solution expresses stress as a function of strain, temperature change, Poisson's ratio

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    82 views4 pages

    Homework #2 Solutions

    Uploaded by

    RUSNIANTI NUR
    The document provides solutions to four homework problems involving tensor notation and mechanics concepts: 1. It identifies different tensor notation quantities and their corresponding vector and expanded forms. 2. It demonstrates that multiplying both sides of an identity for the Levi-Civita symbol by δ results in another identity. 3. It shows that the curl of the cross product of two vectors u and v can be written in terms of the divergence of u and v and the gradient of u and v. 4. It inverts Hooke's law to solve for stress as a function of strain and temperature change, accounting for thermal expansion effects. The solution expresses stress as a function of strain, temperature change, Poisson's ratio

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 4

    Homework #2 Solutions

    1. Identify the following tensor notation quantities. The first one is done to demonstrate what's requested.

    Tensor Notation Name Vector Notation Expanded

    Vector Dot
    A. a i bi a ⋅ b a x bx + a y by + a z bz
    Product

    Vector Cross
    B. ϵrst ar bt b × a No need to expand
    Product

    Matrix
    C. Ars Bts A ⋅ B
    T
    No need to expand
    Multiplication

    Trace of
    D. Aii tr(A) A11 + A22 + A33
    Matrix

    Divergence of
    E. σij,j
    ∇ ⋅ σ No need to expand
    Stress Tensor

    2 2 2
    ∂ f ∂ f ∂ f
    F. f,kk Laplacian ∇ f
    2

    ∂x
    2
    +
    ∂y
    2
    +
    ∂z
    2

    2. Demonstrate that starting with:


    ϵijk ϵlmn = δil (δjm δkn − δjn δkm ) + δim (δjn δkl − δjl δkn ) + δin (δjl δkm − δjm δkl )

    and multiplying both sides through by δ produces:


    il
    ϵijk ϵimn = δjm δkn − δjn δkm
    ϵijk ϵlmn = δil (δjm δkn − δjn δkm ) + δim (δjn δkl − δjl δkn ) + δin (δjl δkm − δjm δkl )

    δil ϵijk ϵlmn = δil [δil (δjm δkn − δjn δkm ) + δim (δjn δkl − δjl δkn ) + δin (δjl δkm − δjm δkl )]

    δil ϵijk ϵlmn = δil [δil δjm δkn − δil δjn δkm + δim δjn δkl − δim δjl δkn + δin δjl δkm − δin δjm δkl ]

    δil ϵijk ϵlmn = δil δil δjm δkn − δil δil δjn δkm + δil δim δjn δkl − δil δim δjl δkn + δil δin δjl δkm − δil δin δjm δkl

    ϵijk ϵimn = δii δjm δkn − δii δjn δkm + δlm δjn δkl − δlm δjl δkn + δln δjl δkm − δln δjm δkl

    ϵijk ϵimn = 3 δjm δkn − 3 δjn δkm + δjn δkm − δjm δkn + δjn δkm − δjm δkn

    ϵijk ϵimn = 3 δjm δkn − 3 δjn δkm + 2 δjn δkm − 2 δjm δkn

    ϵijk ϵimn = δjm δkn − δjn δkm

    3. Show that

    ∇ × (u × v) = (v ⋅ ∇)u − v(∇ ⋅ u) + u(∇ ⋅ v) − (u ⋅ ∇)v


    u × v = ϵijk uj vk

    ∇ × (u × v) = ϵmni (ϵijk uj vk ),n

    = ϵmni ϵijk (uj vk ),n

    = ϵmni ϵijk (uj,n vk + uj vk,n )

    = ϵimn ϵijk (uj,n vk + uj vk,n )

    = (δmj δnk − δmk δnj )(uj,n vk + uj vk,n )

    = δmj δnk uj,n vk − δmk δnj uj,n vk + δmj δnk uj vk,n − δmk δnj uj vk,n

    = um,n vn − un,n vm + um vn,n − un vm,n

    = (v ⋅ ∇)u − v(∇ ⋅ u) + u(∇ ⋅ v) − (u ⋅ ∇)v

    4. We've done the simpler version of this in class. This time, invert Hooke's Law for strain as a function of stress, to
    get stress as a function of strain, but with thermal expansion thrown into the mix.

    The starting point is

    1
    ϵij = [(1 + ν)σij − δij ν σkk ] + δij α(T − Tref )
    E

    where α is the thermal expansion coefficient, and T and T ref


    are temperatures.

    Solve for σ ij

    (1 + ν)σij = E ϵij − δij E α(T − Tref ) + δij ν σkk

    Multiply thru by δ ij
    (1 + ν)δij σij = E δij ϵij − δij δij E α(T − Tref ) + δij δij ν σkk

    Simplify

    (1 + ν)σjj = E ϵjj − 3 E α(T − Tref ) + 3 ν σkk

    Regroup - note that σ jj = σkk

    E ϵjj − 3 E α(T − Tref )


    σjj =
    1 − 2ν

    Substitute back in earlier equation for σ kk

    δij ν E ϵkk − 3 δij ν E α(T − Tref )


    (1 + ν)σij = E ϵij − δij E α(T − Tref ) +
    1 − 2ν

    Regroup the thermal terms

    δij ν E ϵkk − δij (1 + ν) E α(T − Tref )


    (1 + ν)σij = E ϵij +
    1 − 2ν

    Simplify some more

    E ν E α(T − Tref )
    σij = [ϵij + δij ϵkk ] − δij
    (1 + ν) 1 − 2ν 1 − 2ν

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