Solutions to Jr IIT Mains-12 (04.11.

24)

2
α = 2π − sin−1 ( ) = 2π − or − .
1. π
The maximum separation between the particles is 2A sin .
δ π
2 4 6 6
Here, δ = .
π
2 Therefore, displacement of the particle as function of time is,

− )
So, the maximum separation is 2A sin or √2A.
π πt π
x = 4 sin(
6 6
4
2. Let x = a sin(ωt + ϕ).
6. d2 x
At t = 1 s, x = 0 = a sin(ωt + ϕ) =−
x
⇒ ϕ = −ω dt 2 k
1 2π aπ aπ 1
= a( ) cos(ω) = ( )
π
cos( )=
d2 x
⇒ compare this given equation with = −ω 2 x
4 6 3 3 3 2 dt 2
⇒a= m
3 1
ω2 =
2π k

3. Given that two identical springs with particles of mass m 1 = 3.0

1
ω=
kg and m 2 = 27 kg attached to them. Each spring has a spring √k
constant of 1200 N/m. The particles are pulled to the right and 2π 1
then released.
=
T √k
Angular frequency of block m 1 is, ω 1 = √
k T = 2π√k
m1
7. Y = y1 + y2
⇒ ω1 = √ = 20 rad/s
1200
3 = a sin ωt + b cos ωt

= √ a 2 + b2 [
Angular frequency of block m 2 is, ω 2 = √ a b
k
m2 sin ωt + cos ωt]
√ a 2 + b2 √ a 2 + b2
⇒ ω2 = √ rad/s
1200 20
=
27 3 a
⎡ Let cos ϕ = ⎤
√a 2 + b 2
√a 2 2
= + b [cos ϕ sin ωt + sin ϕ cos ωt]
b

4.
Both the blocks have same amplitude. Phasor diagram
corresponding to motion of the blocks can be represented as
shown below.
Blocks cross each other in opposite directions when phase
difference them is π. Consider both blocks cross each other
after t sec.
(ω 2 − ω 1 )t = π

⇒ (20 −

⇒t=
3π
40
20

sec
3
)t = π

In case (iii) and (iv), springs are connected in parallel. So

effective force constant in case (iii) and (iv) is
8.

9.

10.
Y = √a 2 + b 2 sin(ωt + ϕ)

stone is, F g =

n=

ω=√
GMm
R3

1 √ K effective
2π

m
V max = Aω
k
=√

= (3 × 10 −2 )√20
= 0.134 m/s.
m

10
0.5
=
1 √ (K+2K)
2π

= √20 rad/s
m
=
1 √ 3K
2π m
⎢⎥
⎣
sin ϕ =

In the given situation the gravitational force acting on the

x, where x is displacement from centre of
Earth. It always point towards the center of the earth. As net
force is proprtional to displacement from centre of Earth, stone
executes SHM about centre of earth.

Time period of such motion, T = 2π√

R3
GM
= 84.6 min.
√a 2 + b 2 ⎦

k eff = 2k + 2k = 4k(parallel combination). In cases (i) and (ii)

V 2 = ω 2 (A 2 − x 2 )
there is just one spring.
= 20(3 2 − 2 2 ) × 10 −4 = 10 −2
Therefore, T 1 = T 2 = 2π√
m v at x=2 = 0.1 m/s.
k The equation is given by, x = A cos ωt and v = −Aω sin ωt.
Putting the values, we get the answer.
and T 3 = T 4 = 2π√
m m
= π√
4k k 11. Frestoring = mg sinθ = (0.1) (10) sin (1°) = 1° = 0.017 N
⇒ T 1 = T 2 and T 3 = T 4
12. Given,
5. From the given graph: Mass of the disc = m.
• Particle is oscillating between positions +4 m and –4 m. So Radius of the sphere = r
amplitude of the particle is 4 m.
Disc is suspended through point away from centre. i.e. d =
r r
• Particle is at the same phase at nearby instants t1 = 1 sec 2 2
and t2 = 7 sec. So time period of the S.H.M is T = 6 sec.
Angular frequency of S.H.M is, ω = rad–1
2π 2π π
= =
T 12 6
• At t = 0, particle is at x = −2 m and moving along the positive-
X direction. So initial phase of the particle is

Balapur Narayana: Balapur, Hyderabad

 Solutions to Jr IIT Mains-12 (04.11.24)

17. (i) y = sin ωt − cos ωt

∴ y = √2 (
1 1 π
sin ωt − cos ωt) = √2 sin(ωt − )
√2 √2 4
It represents an SHM with a time period .
2π
ω

(ii) y = sin 3 ωt = (
1
(3 sin ωt − sin 3ωt)
4
We know that, ∵ sin 3θ = 3 sin θ − 4 sin 3 θ)
As it can not be reduced to single trignometric equation, this is
Time period of torsional pendulum T = 2π√ , where I is not an SHM.
I
mgd You can verify this by differentiating y twice w.r.t time to get the
moment of inertia about axis of rotation.
acceleration (a) and see if it fits the description, a = −ω 2 y.

mr 2 mr 2
3π 3π
)
+
⇒ T =2π 2 4 . (iii)y = 5 cos( − 3ωt) = 5 cos(3ωt − (

13.

14.

15.
T1 =
11
10

⎷

∴ T = 2π√

T1 = 2π√

T2
l1
g
mg r

or 10 T1 = 11T2
2
3r
2g
Lengths l1 = 1.21 m
.

l2 = 1 m

T2 = 2π√
l2
g

Hence it oscillations of longer pendulum is equal to 11

oscillation of shorter one. Hence the will be in phase again after
10 oscillations of longer pendulum.
Acceleration should be directly proportional to displacement &
also in opposite direction.
acc ∝ − displacement
PE (min) = 15 J
KE (max) = 2 (Avg KE) = 10 J
At the mean position, KE is maximum. So, the total energy at
the mean position is 15 + 10 = 25 J. The total energy remains
18.

19.
∵ cos(−θ) = cos θ)
This is an SHM.

⇒c=

θ=

dθ
dt
π
90
τ
θ

=ω=

At t = sec
1
2
=
0.1
1

sin πt

π2
90
4

(iv) y = 1 + ωt + ω 2 t 2 .

= 0.1

The time period is, T = 2π√ = 2π√

cos πt
I
c
2
5 × 0.1
4

This is the equation of a parabola. SHMs are never parabolic.

It is an example of a torsional pendulum. The moment of inertia

of the sphere is, I = mR 2 = × 25 × (0.2) 2 = kg-m2
Now, τ = Cθ.
2
5
2
5
2
5

= 2π × 2 = 4π s.

constant. ω=0

16. The point A moves with a uniform speed along the 20. Distance between centre of bowl and centre of ball = R − r
circumference of a circle of radius 0.36 m and covers 30° in 0.1
So, 2π√
R−r
s. g
The perpendicular projection 'P' from 'A' on the diameter
MN represents the simple harmonic motion of 'P'. 21. 1 p2
kA 2 =
2 2m
2
A1 m2 1024
⇒( ) = = (As linear momentum remains
A2 m1 900
conserved)
⇒ 1 =
A 32 16 16
= =
A2 30 15 16 − 1
∴ α = 16
22. I
T = 2π√
mgl
2mr 2
⇒ 2 = 2π√
2r
= 2π√
The time taken for the point P to revolve by 30° is 0.1 s, mgr g

hence the angular frequency of point P is, ω = ⇒r=

π/6 5π 1
= = 0.5 m
0.1 3 2
rad/sec
Point M is at negative extreme position. Hence, the force 23. Two simple harmonic motions are represented by the equations
π
acting at M is, F = mω 2 A x1 = 5 sin(2πt + ) and x2 = 5√2(sin 2πt + cos 2πt).
4
⇒ Force acting per unit mass is,
F
= ω2 A Amplitude of the first motion is, A 1 = 5.
2 We can rewrite x 2 as,
m
F 5π
=( ) × 0.36 = π 2 .
x2 = 5 √2 (
Substituting the values we get, 1 1
m 3 sin 2πt + cos 2πt) √2
Hence, the correct answer is (d). √2 √2
π π
⇒ x2 = 5√2 (cos sin 2πt + sin cos 2πt) √2
4 4

Balapur Narayana: Balapur, Hyderabad

 Solutions to Jr IIT Mains-12 (04.11.24)

π
⇒ x2 = 10 sin(2πt + ) Mole fraction of A2 at equilibrium = 0.30
4 ⇒
3x
= 0.30
(∵ sin(A + B) = sin A cos B + cos A sin B) 1 + 2x
Amplitude of second motion is, A 2 = 10 ⇒ 3x = 0.30 +0.6x
A2 10 ⇒ 2.4x = 0.30
⇒ x = 0.125
∴ = = 2.
A1 5
24. A = 10 cm Mole fraction of A4 at equilibrium =
1 − 3x
∴ Total Energy =
1 1 + 2x
KA 2
⇒ Mole fraction of A4 at equilibrium =
2 1 − 3 × 0.125
By energy conservation we can find v at x = 5 1 + 2 × 0.125
⇒ Mole fraction of A4 at equilibrium =
1 1 1 0.625
K(10) 2 = K(5) 2 + mv 2 = 0.5
2 2 2 1.25
75K Applying Dalton's law of partial pressure, the partial pressure of
A4 is given by,
V= √
m
Now, velocity is tripled through external means. So the PA4 = PT . XA4
amplitude of SHM will change and so the total energy,
⇒ PA4 120 × 0.5 = 60 atm
(but potential) energy at this moment will remain same)
2 ⇒ Option (B) is CORRECT.
∴ K(5)2 + m(3√ ) = KA
1 1 75K 1 ′2
27.
2 2 m 2
⇒ 25K + 675K = KA ′2
∴ A ′ = √700
∴ x = 700

25. Given that the time period of a simple pendulum is T.

Location of simple pendulum after completing
5 1 1
= ( + ) oscillation starting from the mean position is
8 2 8 Thus, if mole fractions of the gases at equilibrium are denoted
by X, we get:
− .
A
2(1 − α)
2 X SO3 =
From the following diagram, cos θ =
A/2 2+α
2α
A X SO2 =
⇒ θ = 60 ∘ 2+α
α
X O2 =
2+α
Now for the given chemical reaction:
2 ×P
P SO
Kp = 2
P2
2
P SO
2
3

2α
( × P) ( )×P
α
2+α 2+α
⇒ Kp =
2
2(1 − α)
( × P)
2+α
So phase covered by simple pendulum in oscillation is
5
α3 P
8 ⇒ Kp =
(2 + α)(1 − α) 2
.
π 7π
π+ =
28.
6 6
Considering the angular frequency of simple pendulum as ω,
π
π+ = ωt
6
2π
=( )t
π
⇒π+
6 T
7π 2π
⇒ =( )t For the given reaction:
6 T Kp = P NH3 × P H2 S
⇒t= ⇒ 16 = P2
7T

⇒ P = 4 atm
12
26. Given reaction: Total pressure at equilibrium, Ptot = P NH3 + P H2 S
⇒ Ptot = P + P = 8 atm

29. Given Reaction:

2SO3(g) ⇌ 2SO2(g) + O2(g)
For the above reaction,
Assuming the initial moles of A4 = 1 Δng = ( 2 + 1 – 2) = 1
Moles of A2 at equilibrium = 3x Kp of the given reaction = 1.8 × 10–3 atm
Moles of A3 at equilibrium = 2x The Kp and Kc of a reaction is related as,
Moles of A4 at equilibrium = (1 – 3x) K p = K c (RT) Δng = K c RT
⇒ Total moles of gases at equilibrium = 1 – 3x + 3x + 2x = (1 +
2x)

Balapur Narayana: Balapur, Hyderabad

 Solutions to Jr IIT Mains-12 (04.11.24)

⇒ Kc =
Kp
=
1.8 × 10 −3 atm
= 3.13 × 10 −5 600 + p1 = 800
0.082L atm K −1 mol −1 × 700 K p1 = 800 - 600 = 200 mm
RT
mol L–1
35. Given reaction:
⇒ Option (B) is CORRECT. A + B ⇌ C + D Kc = 10
30. The rate of forward reaction decreases with time as the [A] = 1 mol/L
concentration of reactants decreases with time. The rate of [B] = 2 mol/L
backward reaction increases with time as the concentration of [C] = 3 mol/L
the product increases with time. At equilibrium, R f = R b [D] = 4 mol/L
31. The reaction quotient of the above reaction is given by,
= 12.229 L mol–1
[SO 3 ] 2 (1.9) 2
Kc = 2
= [C][D]
[SO 2 ] [O 2 ] (0.6) 2 (0.82) Q=
[A][B]
32. Reaction : 2HI(g) ⇌ H2(g) + I2(g) ⇒Q=
4×3
=6
Init. moles: 1 0 0 2×1
Eqlb. moles: 1 − α
α α
(where α is degree of Here, Q < Kc
2 2 ⇒ The reaction will go forward (from left to right) so that Q
dissociation) becomes Kc
⇒ Total number of moles of gases at equilibrium = ⇒ Option (A) is CORRECT.
=1
α α
(1 − α) + +
2 2 36. Le-chatelier's principle cannot be applied to a system where all
Thus mole fractions of the gases at equilibrium are: the species in reactant and product are solid.
Mole fraction of H2: X H2 =
α Because the active mass of a solid is unity which is constant
2 and does not change during the reaction.
Mole fraction of I2: X I2 = Fe(s) + S(s) ⇌ FeS(s)
α
2
In the above reaction, all the reactants and products are solid.
Mole fraction of HI: X HI =
1−α
1 ⇒ Le-chatelier's principle is not applicable to this reaction.
If the Total pressure of all gases at equilibrium is P tot , then the ⇒ Option (A) is CORRECT.
partial pressures of the gases at equilibrium are:
37. Melting of ice is an endothermic process. Also, the volume of
Partial Pressure of H2: P H2 = P tot × X H2 =
α
× P tot ice is greater than the volume of water.
We know from Le Chatelier's principle that:
2
Partial Pressure of I2: P I2 = P tot × X I2 =
α
Increasing temperature facours endothermic direction of a
× P tot
2
Partial Pressure of HI: P HI = P tot × X HI = (1 − α) × P tot reaction and increasing pressure favours the direction which
From the Law of Mass action we know that for the given has lesser volume.
equation: Thus, melting of ice is favoured by high temperature and high
P H2 × P I2 pressure.
Kp =
Heat + ice ⇌ water
(P HI ) 2
α α 38.
( × Ptot ) × ( × Ptot ) For ice-wate system (phase transition) increase in pressure will
2 2
⇒ Kp = shift the reaction in that direction, where the volume is less (or
2
((1 − α) × Ptot ) density is more)
2 Water is more denser than ice.
⇒ Kp =
α
4(1 − α) 2 ⇒ Increasing the temperature will shift the reaction forward.
⇒ √K p =
α Also, the reaction is endothermic, hence increase in
2(1 − α) temperature results in the melting of ice.
⇒ 2√K p =
α
1−α 39. (i) K p = K C (RT) Δn
⇒
1−α 1
= ∵ Δn = 1
α √
2 Kp
KP 1.8 × 10 02
= 4.4 × 10 −4
⇒
1 1 ∴ KC = =
− 1 = RT 0.0821 × 500
(ii) ∴ Δn = 1
α 2√K p
⇒
1 1
=1+ KP 167
α 2√K p KC = = = 1.90
RT 0.0821 × 1073
⇒
1 2√K p + 1
=
α 2√K p
40. When a reaction reaches chemical equilibrium -
⇒α= G is minimum, not zero
2√K p
2√K p + 1 Both forward and backward reactions continue with Rate of
forward reaction = Rate of backward reaction
33. Kc is a characteristic constant for the given reaction. It is only Reactants and products may or may not have
dependent on temperature. same concentrations at equlibrium
At equilibrium:
34.
∑ G reactants = ∑ G products
⇒ ΔGreaction = ∑ G reactants = ∑ G products
⇒ ΔGreaction = 0

Total pressure at equilibrium = 600 - p1 + p1 + p1 41.

= 600 + p1

Balapur Narayana: Balapur, Hyderabad

 Solutions to Jr IIT Mains-12 (04.11.24)

Since in starting only A(s) is there so total pressure will be due nB and nA are moles of B and A at equilibrium, respectively.
to B(g) and C(g) only hence
moles = ;
given number of particles
⇒ Ptotal = 2P + 3P = 5P NA
⇒ 5P = 5 atm where NA = Avogadro's constant
⇒ P = 1 atm
⇒ PB = 2 atm and PC = 3 atm Now, Number of particles of B from figure = 11
⇒ KP = P 2B × P 3C = 2 2 × 3 3 and number of particles of A from figure = 6
⇒ KP = 4 × 27
⟹ Kequilibrium =
11
≃ 2.
⇒ KP = 108 atm5 6
46.
42. Addition of inert gas at a constant volume does not affect the
equilbrium.
However, it must be noted that when inert gas is added at a
constant pressure then the equilibrium is disturbed and the
reaction moves in the direction of greater number of gaseous ∵ x = 0.4 M
moles to restore the equilibrium.
∴ [NOCl]eq = 1.6 M
43. We know that
[NO]eq = 0.4 M
Kp = Kc × RT (Δn)g
Taking log on both sides we get: [Cl2]eq = 0.2 M
log Kp = log Kc + log RT (Δn)g [NO] 2 [Cl 2 ] [0.4] 2 [0.2]
⇒ Kc =
⇒ log Kp – log Kc = log RT (Δn) g 2
=
[NOCl] [1.6] 2
⇒ log = log RT (Δn)g
Kp 32
Kc Kc = × 10 −3
2.56
The relation given in the question is: Kc = 12.5 × 10-3
log + log RT = 0
Kp
Kc Kc = 125 × 10-4
⇒ log = – log RT Integer answer is 125
Kp
Kc
⇒ log
Kp
= log
1 47.
Kc RT
⇒ log = log RT −1
Kp
Kc (P NO2 ) 2 0.3 × 0.3
Thus, the relation between Kp and Kc transforms to the given ∴ KP =
P N2 O4
=
0.7
= 0.1286 atm
relation when: Now assume decompostion at 10atm pressure
Δng = –1
For the given reactions:
PCl5(g) ⇌ PCl3(g) + Cl2(g)
Δng = +1
2SO2(g) + O2(g) ⇌ 2SO3(g)
(nNO2 )2 P
Δn
(2x)2 10
1
Δng = –1 KP = ×( ) = ×[ ] ; x=
H2(g) + I2(g)⇌ 2HI(g) nN2 O4 ∑n (1 − x) (1 + x)
Δng = 0
′
P NO2 = 1.07 atm ≈ 1
N2(g) + 3H2(g) ⇌ 2NH3(g) ′
P N2 O4 = 8.93 atm ≈ 9 atm
Δng = –2
48. (A) is correct
Thus, among the given equations, the given relation between
Kp and Kc holds true for the equation: (B) for equilibrium rf = rb
2SO2(g) + O2(g) ⇌ 2SO3(g) only. ⇒ (B) is correct
(C) At equilibrium, the value of parameters becomes constant
44. According to Le Chatelier's Principle: at a given temperature and not equal
? Increasing pressure drives the reaction in the direction of less ⇒ (C) is incorrect
number of gaseous moles.
? Increasing volume drives the reaction in the direction of more (D) for a given solid solute and a liquid solvent solubility
number of gaseous moles. depends upon temperature only
? Adding inert gas at constant volume, or adding a catalyst has ⇒ (D) is correct
not effect on the equilibrium composition. 49. 2SO2 + O2 ⇌ 2SO3 ΔH = −190 kJ
For the reaction:
It is an exothermic reaction
A(g) + B(g) ⇌ C(g)
Δng = – 1 ∴ factor B, C, D will increase the amount of SO3.
⇒ The reaction is driven forwards by increasing pressure.
50. At equilibrium, pressure of NH3 would be double that of CO2
45. For a chemical reaction represented by; ⇒ p NH3 = 2 atm
A ⇌ B; ⇒ p CO2 = 1 atm
2
Keq = (
[B]
)=(
nB
); where
Kp = [pNH3 ] [pCO2 ] = 22 × 1 = 4
[A] nA

Balapur Narayana: Balapur, Hyderabad

 Solutions to Jr IIT Mains-12 (04.11.24)

x
51.
ℓ = lim sec−1 ( ) = sec−1 (slightly more than 1)
e 2 sin x (2 cos x) − 2 cos x
= lim+
x→0 sin x x→0 2x
e2 sin x − 1 2 sin x
= lim+ ( )( ) cos x
−1
= sec 1=0
x
m = lim sec−1 ( ) = sec−1 (slightly less than 1) = Not x→0 2 sin x x
x→0 tan x
defined =1×2×1=2
57. 1
52. To find the direction cosine of vector a , first find the unit vector
→ lim x sin
x→0 x
1 1
in the direction of a L. H. L. = lim (0 − h) sin( ) = lim h sin( )
→
→ ^
3^i + 4^j + 5k ^
3^i + 4^j + 5k h→0 0−h h→0 h
Hence a
a
= 0 × (value between -1 & 1) = 0
^= = =
→ √3 2 + 4 2 + 5 2 √50
1 1
) = lim h sin
|a|
Hence the Direction cosine of vector a is given as R. H. L. = lim (0 + h) sin(
→
3 4 5 h→0 0+h h→0 h
< , , > = 0 × value between − 1 & 1 = 0
√50 √50 √50 L. H. L = R. H. L. = 0
Now the direction cosine of vector a in the direction of x axis is
→
1 1 1 1 1 1
lim [(1 − ) + ( − ) + ( − ) +. . . . + (
3 58.

√50
n→∞ 3 3 5 5 7 (2n −
1 1 1
lim [1 − ]= .
n→∞ 2 2n + 1 2
(1 + x) n − 1 53.
LetL = lim
59. Position vectors are A(2, −3, 3), B(2, 2, 3), C(−1, 1, 3)
x→0 x
Using Binomial expansion of
− 2 3 → → →
+. . . . ,
(n)(n − 1)x (n)(n − 1)(n − 2)x AB = B − A = (2^i + 2^j + 3k) ^ − (2^i − 3^j + 3k)
^ = 5^j
(1 + x) n = 1 + nx + +
− 2! 3! → → →
we get AC = C − A = (−^i + ^j + 3k) ^ − (2^i − 3^j + 3k)
^ = 3^i + 4^j
(1 + x) n − 1 ∣−−
→ ∣
∣AB∣ = 5
∣ ∣
lim
x→0 x
− = →
(n)(n − 1)x2 (n)(n − 1)(n − 2)x3
(1 + nx + +. . . . ) − 1 Bisector of angle A meets BC
AC = 5
− + →
at D
2! 3!
−
−
−
− lim So AD divides BC in the ratio AB : AC
→ → → →
x→0 x
(n)(n − 1)x 2 Position vector of D
−
− nx + +. . . . → →
=lim |AC|(2^i + 2^j + 3k)
2! ^ + |AB|(−^i + ^j + 3k) ^
x→0 x =
As x → 0, hence nx is the higest degree term of the numerator
−
− → →
|AB| + |AC|
and in its comparison the other terms having degree≥ 2 can be ^ + 5(−^i + ^j + 3k)
5(2^i + 2^j + 3k) ^
ignored , =
Thus we get
5+5
nx 10^i + 10^j + 15k^ − 5^i + 5^j + 15k^
lim =n =
x→0 x 10
x2 + 1
5^i + 15^j + 30k
^
54.
Given lim ( − αx − β) = 0
=
x+1
10
x→∞ 5^i + 15^j + 30k
^
So, AD = OD − OA =
−
−
− → → →
− (2^i − 3^j + 3k)
^
x2 + 1
⇒ lim (
10
− αx(x + 1) − β(x + 1)) = 0
x+1
5^i + 15^j + 30k
^ − 20^i + 30^j − 30k ^
x→∞ =
10
x 2 (1 − α) − x(α + β) + 1 − b
⇒ lim =0 =
−15^i + 45^j
x→∞ x+1 10
As x → ∞ and also the limit of the given expression is zero, 2 4500
therefore degree of the polynomial in numerator must be less
2I =
100
than the degree of the denominator. 2I 2 = 45
Hence 1 − α = 0 ⇒ α = 1
60.
And α + β = 0 ⇒ 1 + β = 0
⇒β = −1
∴ α = 1, β = −1

55. −9
Required ratio = − ( )=
x1
i.e., −9 : 1.
x2 1
56. e 2| sin x| − 2| sin x| − 1
lim
x→0 x2
Since, it is an even function
⇒ LHL = RHL
e 2 sin x − 2 sin x − 1
Case I: When a and b are non-collinear. Clearly.
→ →
RHL = lim+
x→0 x2

Balapur Narayana: Balapur, Hyderabad

 Solutions to Jr IIT Mains-12 (04.11.24)

OA + AB > OB Thusa and b forms Rhombus

→
→ → →
→
→ ⇒ |a| = |b|
⇒|a + b | < |a|+| b |
Given that vector a has components 3p and1 with respect to a
→ 65.
rectangular cartesian system
→
a Old = 3p^i + ^j
Now this system is rotated through a certain angle about the
origin in the counter clockwise sense
Case II : When a and b are collinear. And given that with respect to new system,a has components
→ → →
−
−
− → → → → → p + 1 and√10,
??a+??b =??OA + AB = OB Assuming it is rotated through an angle of θ, we can write the
−
−
−
⇒ |OB| = |OA| + |AB|
→ → → new vector in the form
→
a New = (p + 1)^i + √10^j
⇒ |a + b| = |a| + |b|
→ → → →

Hence in general |a + b| ≤ |a| + |b|

→ → → →

Now, |→
→ → → → →
a − b| = |a + (−b)| ≤ |a| + |b|
⇒ |a − b| ≤ |a| + |b|
→ → → →

and |a| = |a − b + b| ≤ |a − b| + |b|

→ → → → → → →

⇒ |a| − |b| ≤ |a − b|
→ → → →

⇒ |a − b| ≥ |a| − |b|
→ → → →

3 Clearly, magnitude of vector remains same

61. x +1
= lim [ − (ax + b)] = 2 → →
⇒ ∣∣ a Old ∣∣ = ∣∣ a New ∣∣
x→∞ x2 + 1
x 3 + 1 − ax 3 − bx 2 − ax − b ⇒ 9p 2 + 1 = p 2 + 2p + 1 + 10
= lim =2 ⇒ 8p 2 − 2p − 10 = 0
x2 + 1
⇒ 4p 2 − p − 5 = 0
x→∞
3 3
⇒ (4p − 5)(p + 1) = 0
x (1 − a) − bx − ax − b + 1
= lim =2
x→∞ x2 + 1
For existence of above 1 − a = 0 ⇒ a = 1 then ⇒ p = , −1
5
−bx 2 − ax + (1 − b) 4
lim = 2 ⇒ −b = 2 ⇒ b = −2
x→∞ x
62. Given vector is
→ ^
a = 3^i + 4^j − 2k
66.
Let b should be added in a to get the resultant as ^i, then
→ → lim ([x − 5] − [2x + 2]) = 0
x→a
⇒ [x − 5] = [2x + 2]
⇒a + b = ^i
→ →
⇒ [x] − 5 = [2x] + 2
⇒b = ^i − a ⇒ [x] = [2x] + 7
→ → . . (i)
from (i) if x ∈ Z we have
⇒b = ^i − (3^i + 4^j − 2k)
→ x = −7
^
also 2x ∈ Z if x is of form z ±
1
⇒b = −2^i − 4^j + 2k
→
^ 2
Hence, if x ∈ (−7.5, −7) eq. (1) become
63. −8 = −15 + 7 ⇒ 7 = 7
Let the vectors be a = ^i + ^j + k,
→ →
^ →
^ b = −^i + ^j + k, c = ^i − ^j + k
^
Similarly, if x ∈ (−7, −6.5) in eq. (1)
and d = ^i + ^j − k
→
^ −7 = −14 + 7 ⇒ 7 = 7
Hence the resultant vector is r = a + b + c + d
→ → → → → At x = −6.5 in eq. (1)
−7 = −13 + 7 ⇒ −14 ≠ −13 not possible
⇒ r = 2^i + 2^j + 2k
→
At x = −7.5 in eq. (1)
^

Now a unit vector r^ in the direction of r can be given as

→ −8 = −15 + 7 ⇒ 8 = 8
→ ^ ^ But x → a a ≠ −6.5 or −7.5
r 2^i + 2^j + 2k 2^i + 2^j + 2k
r^ = = = ∴ a ∈ (−7.5, −6.5)
→ 2
√2 + 2 + 2 2 2 2√3
Let L = lim x x
|r|
^i ^j ^ 67.
⇒r^ =
k x→0

√3
+
√3
+
√3 ⇒log L = log lim x x
x→0
⇒log L = lim log x x
∴ Direction Cosines are ( )
1 1 1
, ,
x→0
=lim x log x
√3 √3 √3
(0.∞)Form
x→0
log x ∞
64.
= lim ( ) form
If We consider a and b as two adjacent sides of a parallelogram
→ → x→0 1 ∞
then x
Resulting vector→ Use L-Hospital's rule
a + b is along the diagonal of the parallelogram
→
Now diagonal of a parallelogarm bisects the angle between
1
=lim x
the vector a and b only if it is a Rhombus
→ →
x→0 1
− 2
x

Balapur Narayana: Balapur, Hyderabad

 Solutions to Jr IIT Mains-12 (04.11.24)

x2
=− lim
∴P =0
x→0 x
=− lim x = 0 0
( )Form
71. ax − (e 4x − 1)
Given lim
x→0

So we have x→0 4x
ax(e − 1) 0
ax − (e 4x − 1)
= lim
log L = 0
⇒ L = e0 = 1 x→0 (e 4x − 1)
68. Solving the equation :x − x − 2 = 0 2 ax
4x
⋅ 4x
Roots are 2 &−1 , ex − 1
Hence the positive roots α is 2 Use the standard formula lim =1
x→0 x
ax − (e 4x − 1)
Now the limits lim+ simplifies to = lim
√1 − cos(p(x))
x→α x+α−4 x→0 ax.4x
0
Since the above limit is in the form ( )
√1 − cos(x 2 − x − 2)
lim+
x→2 (x − 2) 0
Hence Apply L'Hospital Rule
2
√2 sin 2 (x − x − 2)
a−4
= lim+
( form)
2 a − 4e 4x
= lim
0
x→2 (x − 2)
(x − 2)(x + 1)
x→0 8ax
√2 sin( ) The limit will exist only when
2
= lim
a−4=0
⇒a=4
x→2+ (x − 2)
Putting the value of a = 4 in the above limit, we get
Now multiply and divide the denominator by
x+1
4 − 4e 4x
2 = lim
(x − 2)(x + 1)
)
x→0
√2 sin(
32x
0
( )
1 − e 4x
2 =lim
= lim x→0 8x 0
x→2+ (x − 2)(x + 1) 2
( ) Apply L'Hospital Rule
2 x+1 = lim
−e 4x .4
=−
1
x→0 8 2
= lim
√2(x + 1)
⇒b=−
1
+
x→2 2 2
=
3
1
√2 ∴ a − 2b = 4 − 2 (− )=5
2

69.
Let L = lim
x−3
72. 7 r
1 (xr − 2 )
=∑ (lim )
x→3 √x − 2 − √4 − x 7
xr − 2r
Rationalise the denominator, so we get We have lim ∑
x→2 2r(x − 2)
r=1
2r x→2 (x − 2)
=lim
x−3 √x − 2 + √4 − x r=1
×
x→3 √x − 2 − √4 − x (x n − a n )
Use formula lim
√x − 2 + √4 − x
= n. a n−1
=lim
(x − 3)(√x − 2 + √4 − x) x→a (x − a)
7
1
x→3 (x − 2) − (4 − x)

=lim
(x − 3)(√x − 2 + √4 − x) =∑ (r.2r−1 )
x→3 2(x − 3) r=1 2r
7
=lim 1 r−1
√x − 2 + √4 − x
x→3 2 =∑ (2 )
=
1+1
=1 r=1
2
2
1 + 2 1 + 2 2 +. . . . . . . . . . +2 6
P = lim (2 − 2 ) (2 − 2 ) . . . . (2 − 2 )
1 1 1 1 1 1
70. 2 3 2 5 2 2n+1
=
2
n→∞
Applying sum of G.P. in the numerator, we get
Let 7
( )
1 1(2 − 1)
2 2 − 2 3 → Smallest
1 1

2 2−1
2 2 − 2 2n+1 → Largest
1 1

Samdwich th. (2 2 − 2 3 ) ≤ P ≤ (2 2 − 2 2n+1 )

1 1 n 1 1 n
1 128 − 1)
Summation = ( )
2 1
n
lie b/w
( ) Summation =
127
= 63.5
0 and 1 2
n
lim (2 2 − 2 3 ) = 0
1 1

n→∞
n
lim (2 2 − 2 2n+1 ) = 0
1 1

n→∞

Balapur Narayana: Balapur, Hyderabad

 Solutions to Jr IIT Mains-12 (04.11.24)

73. 1/2 ∣ ( − a^i − ^j + (a − 1)k)

^ ⋅ (^i − ^j − k)
^ ∣
x − sin x
lim ( ) = ∣∣ ∣
∣
x→∞ x + cos2 x ∣ √a + 1 + (a − 1)
2 2
∣
⎛ 1 − sin x ⎞
1/2
∣ (−a)(1) + (−1)(−1) + (a − 1)(−1) ∣

= lim ⎜ ⎟
=∣ ∣
⎜ ⎟
x→∞ ⎜ ⎟
x ∣ √2a2 − 2a + 2 ∣
[Divide numerator and
⎝1+ ⎠
cos2 x ∣ 2(1 − a) ∣
=∣ ∣
x ∣ √2a2 − 2a + 2 ∣
denominator by x]
1/2
1−0 sin x cos2 x
=( ) [∵ lim ]
Also given that d = √
2
= 0 = lim
1+0
3
x→∞ x x→∞ x ∣ 2(1 − a) ∣
∣=√
2
Hence ∣
∣ √2a2 − 2a + 2 ∣ 3
=1
74. Given lines are: Squaring both sides, we get
→ 4(1 + a 2 − 2a)
L 1 : r = (−^i + 3k)
^ + λ(^i − a^j) 2
It passes through a→1 = (−1, 0, 3) and
=
2a 2 − 2a + 2 3
Its D.R. is b→1 = (1, −a, 0) ⇒ 6(1 + a 2 − 2a) = 2a 2 − 2a + 2
⇒ 2a 2 − 5a + 2 = 0
And L 2 : r = (−^j + 2k) ⇒ (a − 2)(2a − 1) = 0
→ ^ + μ(^i − ^j + k)
^
It passes through a→2 = (0, −1, 2)
⇒ a = 2,
1
And its D.R. is b→2 = (1, −1, 1) 2
Now a→2 − a→1 = (1, −1, −1)
∣ ^i ^j ^∣
k
¯¯ ¯¯ ∣ ∣ 75.
Also, b1 × b2 = ∣1 −a 0∣ Given: |a| = 3, |b| = 4 and |a + b| = 5
→ → → →
∣ ∣
∣1 −1 1∣ Let θ be the angle between the two vectors
= −a^i − ^j + (a − 1)k → →
^ → → → →
|a − b| 2 = |a| 2 + |b| 2 − 2|a| ⋅ |b| ⋅ cos θ . . . (1)
So, ∣∣b1 × b2 ∣∣ = √a2 + 1 + (a − 1)2
¯¯ ¯¯ → →2 → 2 →2 → →
|a + b| = |a| + |b| + 2|a| ⋅ |b| ⋅ cos θ . . . (2)

We know that the shortest distance between skew line On adding (1) and (2), we get,
L 1 and L 2 is given by the formula → → → → →
∣ (b→1 × b→2 ) ⋅ (a→2 − a→1 ) ∣
→
|a + b| 2 + |a − b| 2 = 2(|a| 2 + |b| 2 )
d = ∣∣ ∣
∣
→ → → →
⇒ 25 + |a − b| 2 = 2(9 + 16) ⇒ |a − b| = 5
∣ → →
| b1 × b2 | ∣

Balapur Narayana: Balapur, Hyderabad