ANSI/ISA-5.1-2009 Instrumentation Symbols and Identification

AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD
ANSI/ISA-5.1-2009
Instrumentation Symbols
and Identification
Approved 18 September 2009

ANSI/ISA-5.1-2009, Instrumentation Symbols and Identification
ISBN: 978-1-936007-29-5
Copyright © 2009 by ISA. All rights reserved. Not for resale. Printed in the United States of America.
No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or
by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise), without the prior written
permission of the Publisher.
ISA
67 Alexander Drive
P. O. Box 12277
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27709 USA
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Preface (informative)
This preface is included for information purposes and is not part of ANSI/ISA-5.1-2009.
This standard has been prepared as part of the service of ISA, The International Society of Automation,
toward the goal of uniformity in the field of industrial automation. To be of continuing value, this standard
should not be static but should be subject to periodic review. ISA welcomes all comments and
suggestions and asks that they be addressed to the Secretary, Standards and Practices Board; ISA; 67
Alexander Drive; P. O. Box 12277; Research Triangle Park, NC 27709; Telephone: (919) 549-8411; Fax:
(919) 549-8288, e-mail: [email protected].
The ISA Standards and Practices Department is aware of the growing need for attention to the metric
system of units in general, and the International System of Units (SI) in particular, in the preparation of
instrumentation standards. The Department will endeavor to introduce SI-acceptable metric units in all
new and revised standards, recommended practices, and technical reports to the greatest extent
possible. Standard for Use of the International System of Units (SI): The Modern Metric System,
published by the American Society for Testing & Materials as IEEE/ASTM SI 10-97, and future revisions,
will be the reference guide for definitions, symbols, abbreviations, and conversion factors.
It is the policy of ISA to encourage and welcome the participation of all concerned individuals and
interests in the development of ISA standards, recommended practices, and technical reports.
Participation in the ISA standards-making process by an individual in no way constitutes endorsement by
the employer of that individual, of ISA, or of any of the standards, recommended practices, and technical
reports that ISA develops.
CAUTION — ISA ADHERES TO THE POLICY OF THE AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDS

INSTITUTE WITH REGARD TO PATENTS. IF ISA IS INFORMED OF AN EXISTING PATENT THAT IS
REQUIRED FOR USE OF THIS STANDARD, IT WILL REQUIRE THE OWNER OF THE PATENT TO
GRANT EITHER A ROYALTY-FREE LICENSE FOR USE OF THE PATENT BY USERS COMPLYING
WITH THIS STANDARD OR A LICENSE ON REASONABLE TERMS AND CONDITIONS THAT ARE
FREE FROM UNFAIR DISCRIMINATION.
EVEN IF ISA IS UNAWARE OF ANY PATENT COVERING THIS STANDARD, THE USER IS
CAUTIONED THAT IMPLEMENTATION OF THIS STANDARD MAY REQUIRE USE OF TECHNIQUES,
PROCESSES, OR MATERIALS COVERED BY PATENT RIGHTS. ISA TAKES NO POSITION ON THE
EXISTENCE OR VALIDITY OF ANY PATENT RIGHTS THAT MAY BE INVOLVED IN IMPLEMENTING
THIS STANDARD. ISA IS NOT RESPONSIBLE FOR IDENTIFYING ALL PATENTS THAT MAY
REQUIRE A LICENSE BEFORE IMPLEMENTATION OF THIS STANDARD OR FOR INVESTIGATING
THE VALIDITY OR SCOPE OF ANY PATENTS BROUGHT TO ITS ATTENTION. THE USER SHOULD
CAREFULLY INVESTIGATE RELEVANT PATENTS BEFORE USING THIS STANDARD FOR THE
USER’S INTENDED APPLICATION.
HOWEVER, ISA ASKS THAT ANYONE REVIEWING THIS STANDARD WHO IS AWARE OF ANY
PATENTS THAT MAY IMPACT IMPLEMENTATION OF THIS STANDARD NOTIFY THE ISA
STANDARDS AND PRACTICES DEPARTMENT OF THE PATENT AND ITS OWNER.
ADDITIONALLY, THE USE OF THIS STANDARD MAY INVOLVE HAZARDOUS MATERIALS,

OPERATIONS, OR EQUIPMENT. THIS STANDARD CANNOT ANTICIPATE ALL POSSIBLE
APPLICATIONS OR ADDRESS ALL POSSIBLE SAFETY ISSUES ASSOCIATED WITH USE IN
HAZARDOUS CONDITIONS. THE USER OF THIS STANDARD MUST EXERCISE SOUND
PROFESSIONAL JUDGMENT CONCERNING ITS USE AND APPLICABILITY UNDER THE USER’S
PARTICULAR CIRCUMSTANCES. THE USER MUST ALSO CONSIDER THE APPLICABILITY OF
ANY GOVERNMENTAL REGULATORY LIMITATIONS AND ESTABLISHED SAFETY AND HEALTH
PRACTICES BEFORE IMPLEMENTING THIS STANDARD.
ANSI/ISA-5.1-2009 -4-
THE USER OF THIS STANDARD SHOULD BE AWARE THAT THIS STANDARD MIGHT BE
AFFECTED BY ELECTRONIC SECURITY ISSUES. THE COMMITTEE HAS NOT ADDRESSED THE
POTENTIAL ISSUES IN THIS VERSION.
Users may find the following book of value in applying ANSI/ISA-5.1-2009:
Control System Documentation: Applying Symbols and Identification, Thomas McAvinew

www.isa.org/books.
Users of this standard are asked to send comments or suggestions to [email protected].
The following served as voting members of the ISA5 Committee during development of ANSI/ISA-5.1-
2009.
Name Affiliation
Alvin Iverson, Chair Ivy Optiks

Ian Verhappen, Managing Director Industrial Automation Networks Inc
Thomas McAvinew, Past Managing Director Jacobs Engineering
James Carew, Chair, ISA5.1 Consultant
Gerald Barta Mustang Engineering LP
Donald Frey Reliatech Inc
Alex Habib Consultant
Ganesier Ramachandran Shell Global Solutions US
On behalf of the ISA5 Committee and the ISA Standards & Practices Board, we wish to recognize and
thank James Carew for his outstanding work, technical expertise, and commitment in leading the revision
of this widely used ISA standard, and Thomas McAvinew for his valuable technical and editorial
contributions.
Al Iverson, ISA5 Chair

Ian Verhappen, ISA5 Managing Director
The ISA Standards and Practices Board approved this standard on 23 July 2009
Name Affiliation
J. Tatera Tatera & Associates Inc.

P. Brett Honeywell Inc.
M. Coppler Ametek Inc.
E. Cosman The Dow Chemical Company
B. Dumortier Schneider Electric
D. Dunn Aramco Services Co.
R. Dunn DuPont Engineering
J. Gilsinn NIST/MEL
E. Icayan ACES Inc.
J. Jamison Husky Energy Inc.
D. Kaufman Honeywell
K. P. Lindner Endress + Hauser Process Solutions AG
V. Maggioli Feltronics Corp.
T. McAvinew Jacobs Engineering
G. McFarland Emerson Process Mgmt. Power & Water Sol.
R. Reimer Rockwell Automation
N. Sands DuPont
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H. Sasajima Yamatake Corp.

T. Schnaare Rosemount Inc.
I. Verhappen MTL Instrument Group
R. Webb ICS Secure LLC
W. Weidman Worley Parsons
J. Weiss Applied Control Solutions LLC
M. Widmeyer Consultant
M. Zielinski Emerson Process Management
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Contents
1 Purpose .............................................................................................................................................. 13
2 Scope ................................................................................................................................................. 13
3 Definitions........................................................................................................................................... 17
4 Identification letters table.................................................................................................................... 25
5 Graphic symbol tables ........................................................................................................................ 31
6 Graphic symbol dimension tables ...................................................................................................... 76
Annex A Identification system guidelines (informative annex)............................................................. 85
Annex B Graphic symbol guidelines (informative annex) .................................................................. 111
Table 4.1 — Identification letters ................................................................................................................ 30

Table 5.1.1 — Instrumentation device and function symbols ..................................................................... 36
Table 5.1.2 — Instrumentation device or function symbols, miscellaneous ............................................... 37
Table 5.2.1 — Measurement symbols: primary elements and transmitters ............................................... 38
Table 5.2.2 — Measurement symbols: measurement notations (4) ........................................................... 39
Table 5.2.3 — Measurement symbols: primary elements .......................................................................... 40
Table 5.2.4 — Measurement symbols: secondary instruments.................................................................. 43
Table 5.2.5 — Measurement symbols: auxiliary and accessory devices ................................................... 44
Table 5.3.1 — Line symbols: instrument to process and equipment connections...................................... 45
Table 5.3.2 — Line symbols: instrument-to-instrument connections .......................................................... 46
Table 5.4.1 — Final control element symbols............................................................................................. 48
Table 5.4.2 — Final control element actuator symbols............................................................................... 50
Table 5.4.3 — Self-actuated final control element symbol ......................................................................... 52
Table 5.4.4 — Control valve failure and de-energized position indications................................................ 55
Table 5.5 — Functional diagramming symbols........................................................................................... 56
Table 5.6 — Signal processing function block symbols.............................................................................. 57
Table 5.7 — Binary logic symbols............................................................................................................... 64
Table 5.8 — Electrical schematic symbols ................................................................................................. 72
Table 6.1 — Dimensions for Tables 5.1.1 and 5.1.2 .................................................................................. 78
Table 6.2 — Dimensions for Tables 5.2.1, 5.2.2, 5.2.3, 5.2.4, and 5.2.5 ................................................... 79
Table 6.3 — Dimensions for Tables 5.3.1 and 5.3.2 .................................................................................. 80
Table 6.4 — Dimensions for Tables 5.4.1, 5.4.2, 5.4.3, and 5.4.4 ............................................................. 81
Table 6.5 — Dimensions for Table 5.5 ....................................................................................................... 82
Table A.1 — Typical Loop and Instrument Identification/Tag Numbers ..................................................... 99
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Table A.2 — Allowable letter/number combinations for loop numbering schemes .................................. 100
Table A.3.1 — Allowable succeeding letter combinations for readout/passive functions (1) (4b)............ 103
Table A.4 — Loop and Identification Tag Number suffixes (1) (2)............................................................ 109
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Introduction (informative)
(1) This introduction, as well as any footnotes, endnotes, and informative annexes, is included for
information purposes and as background on the evolution of this standard and not as a normative part of
ANSI/ISA-5.1-2009.
(2) The instrumentation symbolism and identification systems described in this standard accommodate
advances in technology and reflect the collective industrial experience gained since the original ISA
Recommended Practice RP-5.1, published in 1949, was revised, affirmed, and subsequently published as
ANSI/ISA-5.1-1984, and then reaffirmed in 1992.
(3) This 2009 version attempts to strengthen this standard in its role as a communication tool in all
industries that depend on measurement and control systems to operate and safeguard their
manufacturing processes, machines, and other equipment. Communication presupposes and is
facilitated by a common language. This 2009 version of the standard continues to build on the foundation
for that common language.
(4) When integrated into a system, the designations and symbols presented here form a dedicated
language that communicates concepts, facts, intent, instructions, and knowledge about measurement and
control systems in all industries.
(5) The 1949 recommended practice and the 1984 standard were published as non-mandatory rather
than as mandatory consensus documents. As such, they had many of the strengths and the weaknesses
of such standards. Their primary strength was that they could be used in widespread, interdisciplinary
ways. Their main weakness was that they were not specific enough, in some cases, to satisfy the special
requirements of particular interest groups.
(6) This revision is published as a consensus standard and contains both mandatory and non-mandatory
statements that have been reviewed and approved by a large group of practitioners in the field of
instrumentation and control. This group was well versed in the use of identification and symbol systems
as a means of communicating the intent of measurement and control systems to all that need such
information. It is hoped that the consensus reached by this group regarding what is mandatory and what
is not will enhance the strengths and lessen the weaknesses of the previous issues.
(7) Versions of this standard have been in use for more than fifty years, and most of the identification
letter and symbol meanings or definitions that were contained in ISA-RP5.1-1949 and ISA-5.1-1984
(R 1992), have taken on a proprietary nature and have become accepted industry practice and assumed
to be mandatory. The meanings and definitions of new symbols will be mandatory. This action is being
taken in response to questions and comments that occur frequently because of unclear definitions.
(8) Mandatory definitions or meanings for letters used in identification and for symbols used in graphic
depiction of measurement and control devices and functions are given. Mandatory minimum symbol
dimensions are given. Informative identification and graphic symbol guidelines include alternate
identification and symbol definitions and usage methods. Consistency is the one criterion that should
govern the selection and application of identification and graphic schemes.
(9) This standard has been viewed in the past as being oriented to the oil and chemical process
industries. This perception, while not intended, resulted from the fact that people who wrote the original
and previous revisions were mainly working in those industries. It is the intent of the ISA5 committee that
ISA Technical Reports will be used to address this type of problem. It is hoped that the technical report
format will be specific enough to satisfy the special requirements of particular interest groups by providing
examples and guidelines for use of the identification and symbolization methods for specific industries.
These industries include, but are not limited to, metal refining, power generation, pulp and paper, and
discrete parts manufacturing. The technical report format presents the best approach for making this
standard applicable to industries that may have many usages and accepted practices that are not used in
ANSI/ISA-5.1-2009 - 10 -
the process industries.
(10) The extensive examples in previous versions of this standard that illustrated identification and
symbolization definitions and methods have been removed and will be moved to technical reports that will
be prepared after publication of this revised standard.
(11) The symbols and identification methods contained in this standard have evolved by the consensus
method and are intended for wide application throughout all industries. The symbols and designations
are used as conceptualizing aids, as design tools, as teaching devices, and as a concise and specific
means of communication in all types and kinds of technical, engineering, procurement, construction,
and maintenance documents, and not just piping and instrumentation diagrams (P&IDs).
(12) Previous versions of this standard have been flexible enough to serve all of the uses just described,
and it must continue to do so into the future. To this end, this revision clarifies the definitions of symbols,
identification, and definitions for concepts that were previously described, such as, for example, shared
display/control, distributed control, and programmable control. It also adds definitions for new symbols
required for functional diagramming of instruments and simple electrical circuit diagrams.
(13) This revision extensively changes the format of ANSI/ISA-5.1-1984 (R 1992). Clauses 1, 2, and 3
are essentially the same as previously written with some additions and modifications. Clauses 4, 5 and 6
and informative Annexes A and B are new or extensively revised.
(14) Clause 4, “Identification letter tables,” was previously Clause 5, “Tables.” It is almost the same as
the previous version and deals only with Table 4.1, “Identification letters,” which was previously Table 1,
“Identification letters.”
(15) Clause 5, “Graphic symbol tables,” is a new clause that contains new symbols and the symbols that
were previously in Clause 6, “Drawings,” presented in a table format that includes text describing the
application of the symbols but no examples of their use.
(16) Clause 6, “Graphic symbol dimension tables,” is a new clause that establishes minimum mandatory
dimensions for the symbols shown in the tables in Clause 5 when used in the preparation of full-size
engineering drawings.
(17) Annex A, “Identification system guidelines (Informative),” was previously Clause 4, “Outline of the
Identification System,” and presents the most commonly used instrumentation and function identification
methods. Included are expanded “Allowable loop and function letter combination” tables and added
“Allowable loop letter scheme” tables.
(18) Annex B, “Graphic symbol guidelines” (Informative), is a new informative clause that replaces the
examples formerly given in Clause 6, “Drawings,” to provide some limited assistance in the application of
the symbols in Clause 5.
(19) Definitions for identification letters and symbols are now mandatory to reduce the confusion caused
by giving meanings to identification and symbols not intended by this standard. At the same time, the
number of symbology and tagging bubbles required to depict a measurement or control scheme was
allowed to range from “everything must be shown” to the “minimum required to convey the
instrumentation and functionality required.” Guidelines are intended to aid in the application of
identification and symbology and to include some of the known methods as alternate usages.
(20) The meanings of ‘shared display, shared control,’ and ‘programmable logic control’ have been
clarified and expanded because of changes in technology and usage since their inception in ISA-5.3-
1983, “Graphic Symbols for Distributed Control/Shared Display Instrumentation, Logic and Computer
Systems.” The commonly assumed meanings of ‘circle-in-square’ as distributed control system (DCS)
functions and of ‘diamond-in-square’ as programmable logic controller (PLC) functions are no longer
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accurate because they no longer reflect the currently acceptable meanings. DCSs and PLCs can both
perform continuous and binary control functions. The same functions are performed by personal
computers (PC) and by fieldbus and devicebus devices. Both ‘circle-in-square’ and ‘diamond-in-square’
symbols are classified as ‘shared display, shared control.’ ‘Circle-in-square’ will depict either (a) primary
control system choice or (b) basic process control system (BPCS). ‘Diamond-in-square’ will depict either
(a) alternate control system choice or (b) safety instrumented system (SIS). Users who continue to use
the symbols as in the past should change to the revised meanings as soon as possible.
(21) This revision uses, with permission, information from the excellent SAMA (Scientific Apparatus
Makers Association) PMC 22.1-1981, “Functional Diagramming of Instrument and Control Systems,” a
document still used by many control system engineers and designers. SAMA symbols and descriptions
for functional diagramming of Instruments and control loops and for signal processing symbols and
function blocks were adapted in ANSI/ISA-5.1-1984 (R 1992) for use in loop schematic diagrams. This
revision adds the SAMA symbols and descriptions for logic function enclosures for use in functional
diagrams, logic diagrams, and application software functions. Guidelines for a limited number of
applications of the symbols will be found in Annex B, “Graphic symbol system guidelines (Informative).”
(22) The binary line symbols, which were introduced in ANSI/ISA-5.1-1984 (R 1992) to aid the batch
processing industries, have been removed because of their general lack of use and acceptance and the
many objections to their use. If their use is desired within the batch processing industries, an ISA
Technical Report could be produced to cover this unique need.
(23) The many examples contained in Clause 6 of ANSI/ISA-5.1-1984 (R 1992) have been reduced in
number and are now located in Annex B. It is hoped that ISA Technical Reports will be prepared based
on this standard to cover the application of identification and symbolization methods and practices in the
detail required by users in those many industries beyond the process industries, who depend on this
standard in their daily work.
(24) The ISA5 committee and ISA5.1 subcommittee recognize and deeply appreciate the work of
previous ISA5.1 subcommittees, and have tried to treat their work with the great respect it deserves.
(25) ISA5 and ISA5.1 also acknowledge the work done by the past ISA5.2 and ISA5.3 subcommittees in
developing ISA-5.2-1976 (R1992), "Binary Logic Diagrams for Process Operations," and ISA-5.3-1983,
"Graphic Symbols for Distributed Control/Shared Display Instrumentation, Logic and Computer Systems."
The key elements of ISA-5.3-1983 were incorporated in ANSI/ISA-5.1-1984 (R 1992) and have been
expanded in this revision. The key elements of ISA-5.2-1976 are incorporated and integrated with the
logic symbols from SAMA PMC 22.1-1981 for symbolizing and describing binary functions. Guidelines for
the application of the binary system can be found in Annex B (Informative), Graphic symbol system
guidelines.
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1 Purpose
This standard establishes a uniform means of depicting and identifying instruments or devices and their
inherent functions, instrumentation systems and functions, and application software functions used for
measurement, monitoring, and control, by presenting a designation system that includes identification
schemes and graphic symbols.
2 Scope
2.1 General
2.1.1 This standard is intended to meet the different procedures of various users who need to identify
and graphically depict measurement and control equipment and systems. These differences are
recognized when they are consistent with the objectives of this standard, by providing alternative symbol
and identification methods.
2.1.2 A limited number of examples are provided that illustrate how to:
a) Design an identification system and construct an identification number.
b) Use graphic symbols to construct:
1) Instrumentation schematic diagrams of the instruments, devices, and functions

required for monitoring and control loops.
2) Functional diagrams of instruments, loops, and application software functions.
3) Binary logic diagrams.
4) Ladder diagrams of electrical circuits.
c) Add information and simplify diagrams.
2.1.3 Examples of identification and symbol applications are intended to illustrate basic concepts in the
construction of the identification systems and diagrams covered by this standard that are applicable to all
user industries.
2.2 Application to industries
2.2.1 This standard is suitable for use in the chemical, petroleum, power generation, metal refining,
pulp and paper, and numerous other continuous, batch, discrete-part processing, and material-handling
industries. These industries and others require the use of control system schematics, functional
diagrams, and electrical schematics to describe the relationship to processing equipment and the
functionality of measurement and control equipment.
ANSI/ISA-5.1-2009 - 14 -
2.3 Application to work activities
2.3.1 This standard is suitable for use whenever reference to measurement and control
instrumentation, control devices and functions, and software applications and functions is required for
identification and symbolization, such as:
a) Design sketches.
b) Teaching examples.
c) Technical papers, literature, and discussions.
d) Instrumentation, loop, logic, and functional diagrams.
e) Function descriptions.
f) Conceptual drawings including but not limited to:
1) Process Flow Diagrams (PFD)
2) Utility Flow Diagrams (UFD).
g) Construction drawings including but not limited to:
1) Engineering Flow Diagrams (EFD).
2) Mechanical Flow Diagrams (MFD).
3) Piping and Instrumentation Diagrams (P&ID).
4) System Flow Diagrams (SFD).
h) Specifications, purchase orders, manifests, and other lists.
i) Identification and tag numbering of instruments and control functions.
j) Installation, operating and maintenance instructions, drawings, and records.
2.3.2 This standard provides sufficient information to enable anyone who has a reasonable amount of
process and instrumentation knowledge, and who is reviewing documents depicting measurement and
control, to understand the means and purpose of the instrumentation shown.
2.3.3 The detailed knowledge of a specialist in instrumentation and/or control systems is not a
prerequisite to understanding this standard.
2.4 Application to classes of instrumentation and to instrument functions
2.4.1 The identification and symbolism methods provided in this standard are applicable to all classes
and types of measurement and control instruments and/or functions.
2.4.2 The methods can be used for, but are not limited to, describing and identifying:
a) Discrete instruments and their functions.

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b) Shared display and control functions.
c) Distributed control functions.
d) Computer control functions.
e) Programmable logic controller display and control functions.
f) Application software display and control functions.
2.5 Classification of instrumentation
2.5.1 Instrumentation may be classified as primary, secondary, auxiliary, or accessory for assigning
Loop and Functional Identities and symbols as defined in Clause 4 and shown in Annex A.
2.5.2 Primary instrumentation consists of measuring, monitoring, controlling, or calculating devices and
hardware and their inherent functions and software functions that include, but are not limited to,
transmitters, recorders, controllers, control valves, self-actuated safety and control devices, and
application software functions that require or allow user-assigned identifications.
2.5.3 Secondary instrumentation consists of measuring, monitoring, or controlling devices and

hardware that include, but are not limited to, level glasses, pressure gauges, thermometers, and pressure
regulators.
2.5.4 Auxiliary instrumentation consists of devices and hardware that measure, control, or calculate
and that are needed for effective operation of primary or secondary instrumentation; they include, but are
not limited to, calculating devices, purge meters, sample handling systems, and instrument air sets.
2.5.5 Accessory instrumentation consists of devices and hardware that do not measure or control but
are needed for effective operation of the measuring, monitoring, or control system; they include, but are
not limited to, flowmeter tube run, straightening vanes, and seal pots.
2.6 Extent of loop and functional identification
2.6.1 This standard provides identification codes and methods for the alphanumeric identification of
monitoring and controlling loops, instruments and functions.
2.6.2 These identification methods depend on tagging according to function and not according to
construction or form. For example, a differential pressure transmitter is not identified as a differential
pressure transmitter but as a:
a) Flow transmitter when connected to an orifice plate when measuring flow.
b) Level transmitter when connected to the side of a vessel when measuring liquid level.
2.6.3 The user is free to apply added identification by serial, equipment, unit, area, or plant number, or
any other additional means required for the unique identification of a loop, instrument or function.
2.6.4 A unique function identification number shall be assigned to identify each:
a) Loop instrument or device and its integral and/or inherent functions.

ANSI/ISA-5.1-2009 - 16 -
b) Loop-configurable function, which requires or allows a unique user-assigned

microprocessor or computer address.
2.7 Extent of symbolization
2.7.1 This standard provides symbol sets for the graphic depiction of a limited or total functionality of
instruments and devices, entire monitor or control loops, or control circuits.
2.7.2 The amount of detail to be shown by the use of symbols depends on the purpose and audience
for which the document is being prepared.
2.7.3 Sufficient symbols shall be used to show the functionality of the instrumentation and/or control
loop being depicted; it is not considered necessary to provide a symbol for each instrument device and
each function required by a loop.
2.7.4 Additional construction, fabrication, installation, and operation details of an instrument are better
described in a suitable specification, data sheet, loop diagram, installation/wiring drawing, or sketch, or
other document intended for those requiring such details.
2.8 Inclusion and modification of this standard in User engineering and design documents
2.8.1 This standard may be used and, if used, shall be credited by a User/Owner in the preparation of
engineering, design, or project standards, guidelines, and specifications, either without exception or with
exception per the following:
a) Without exception, in which case this standard in its entirety shall be mandatory with
respect to:
1) Letters assigned a specific meaning in Table 4.1.
2) Symbols and their assigned meanings in Tables.5.1 through 5.8.
3) Symbol dimensions in Tables 6.1 through 6.8.
b) With exceptions, in which case the parts of this standard for which exception is:
1) Taken shall be fully described and detailed in the User/Owner standards,

guidelines, or specifications and in drawing cover sheet legends and notes.
2) Not taken shall be mandatory.
2.8.2 Symbols different from those given in this standard and User’s choice letters when used, shall be
fully described and detailed in the User/Owner’s standards, guidelines, or specifications and in drawing
cover sheet legends and notes.
2.8.3 A User must choose a numbering scheme, graphic symbol, and other choices where required,
and document those choices.
2.8.4 When a previous issue of this standard is included by reference with or without exception in
User/Owner’s engineering and design standards, guidelines or specifications, that standard in part or in
its entirety shall be mandatory until such time as the User/Owner’s guidelines or standards are revised.
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2.8.5 Symbols and the meanings of letters and symbols from previous versions of this standard that are
different from those contained in this version may continue to be used provided they are clearly
referenced in the User’s engineering and design standards, practices, and/or guidelines.
3 Definitions
3.1 Definitions
For the purposes of this standard, the following definitions apply. For additional information, see
ISA-51.1-1979 (R 1993), “Process Instrumentation Terminology,” and ANSI/ISA-75.05.01-2000 (R 2005),
“Control Valve Terminology.” Terms italicized in a definition are themselves defined elsewhere in this
clause.
3.1.1 accessible:
a feature of a device or function, a feature of an interactive shared system function, or a feature that can
be used or seen by an operator for the purpose of performing control operations, such as setpoint
changes, auto-manual transfer, or on-off operations.
3.1.2 alarm:
an indicating device or function that provides a visible and/or audible indication if and when the value of a
measured or initiating variable is outside of set limits, has changed from a safe to an unsafe condition, or
has changed from a normal to an abnormal operating state or condition.
a) actuation may be by a binary or analog device or function.
b) indication may be by any or all of the following: annunciator panels, flashing lights, printers,
buzzers, bells, horns, sirens, or shared graphic display systems.
3.1.3 analog:
a signal or device that has no discrete positions or states and changes value as its input changes value
and when used in its simplest form, as in "analog signal" as opposed to "binary signal”; the term denotes
a continuously varying quantity.
3.1.4 application software:
software specific to a user application that is configurable and in general contains logic sequences,
permissive and limit expressions, control algorithms, and other code required to control the appropriate
input, output, calculations, and decisions; see also software
3.1.5 assignable:
a system feature permitting channeling or directing of a signal from one device to another without the
need for changes in wiring either by means of patching, switching, or via keyboard commands to the
system.
3.1.6 auto-manual station:
a manual loading station or control station that also provides switching between manual and automatic
control modes of a control loop; see also manual station.
ANSI/ISA-5.1-2009 - 18 -
3.1.7 balloon:
an alternate term for the circular symbol used to denote and identify the purpose of an instrument or
function that may contain a tag number; see preferred term bubble.
3.1.8 basic process control system (BPCS):
instrumentation and systems that are installed to monitor and control normal production operations using,
but not limited to combinations of single-loop pneumatic and electronic monitors and controllers,
programmable logic controllers and distributed control systems.
(a) A BPCS is necessary to operate a plant or process.
3.1.9 behind the panel:
a location that in a broad sense means “not normally accessible to an operator,” such as the rear of an
instrument or control panel, an enclosed instrument rack or cabinet, or an instrument rack room within an
area that contains a panel.
3.1.10 binary:
a signal or device that has only two discrete positions or states, and when used in its simplest form, as in
"binary signal" as opposed to "analog signal," the term denotes an "on-off" or "high-low" state.
3.1.11 board:
a freestanding structure consisting of one or more sections, cubicles, or consoles that has groups of
discrete instruments mounted on it, houses the operator-process interface, and is chosen to have a
unique designation; see panel.
3.1.12 bubble:
the preferred term for the circle-based symbols used to denote and identify the purpose of an instrument
or function that may contain a tag number; see alternate term balloon.
3.1.13 communication link:
a wire, cable, or electromagnetic network or bus system that connects dedicated microprocessor-based
and computer-based systems so that they share a common database, and communicates according to a
rigid protocol in a hierarchical and/or peer-to-peer relationship; see datalink.
a) wire or cable networks may be twisted pair, coaxial, telephone, or fiber optic.
b) electromagnetic networks may be radio or microwave.
3.1.14 computer control system:
a system in which all control action takes place within a control computer, such as a mainframe computer
or mini-computer, which may be single or redundant.
3.1.15 computing device:
the preferred term for a device that performs one or more calculations or logic operations, or both, and
transmits one or more resultant output signals; see also computing relay.
- 19 - ANSI/ISA-5.1-2009
3.1.16 computing relay:
an alternate term for a device that performs one or more calculations or logic operations, or both, and
transmits one or more resultant output signals; see also computing device.
3.1.17 computing function:
a hardware or software function that performs one or more calculations or logic operations, or both, and
transmits one or more resultant output signals.
3.1.18 configurable:
a term for devices or systems whose functional and/or communication characteristics can be selected or
rearranged through setting of program switches, application software, fill-in-the-blank forms, pull-down
menus, entered values or text, and/or other methods, other than rewiring as a means of altering the
configuration.
3.1.19 controller:
a device having an output that varies to regulate a controlled variable in a specified manner that may be a
self-contained analog or digital instrument, or may be the equivalent of such an instrument in a shared-
control system.
a) an automatic controller varies its output automatically in response to a direct or indirect input of a
measured process variable.
b) a manual controller, or manual loading station, varies its output in response to a manual
adjustment; it is not dependent on a measured process variable.
c) a controller may be an integral element of other functional elements of a control loop.
3.1.20 control station:
a manual loading station that also provides switching between manual and automatic control modes of a
control loop; see also auto-manual station.
a). the operator interface of a distributed control system may be referred to as a control station.
3.1.21 control valve:
a device, other than a common, hand-actuated process block valve or self-actuated check valve, that
directly manipulates the flow of one or more fluid process streams.
a) the designation "hand control valve" shall be limited to hand-actuated valves that when used for
process throttling require identification as an instrument or control device.
3.1.22 converter:
a device that receives information as one form of an instrument signal and transmits an output signal as
another form, such as a current-to-pneumatic signal converter.
a). an instrument that changes a sensor’s output to a standard signal, is properly designated as a
transmitter, not a converter; typically, a temperature element [TE] connects to a transmitter [TT], not to a
converter [TY].
ANSI/ISA-5.1-2009 - 20 -
b) a converter is sometimes referred to as a transducer, a completely general term not

recommended for signal conversion.
3.1.23 datalink:
a wire, cable, or electromagnetic network or bus system that connects field-located devices with
dedicated microprocessors so that they share a common database and communicate according to a rigid
protocol in a hierarchical and/or peer-to-peer relationship to other such devices and/or compatible
microprocessor-based systems; see also communication link.
a) wire or cable networks may be twisted pair, coaxial, telephone, or fiber optic.
b) electromagnetic networks may be radio or microwave.
3.1.24 detector:
a device that is used to detect the presence of something, such as flammable or toxic gases or discrete
parts; see also primary element and sensor.
3.1.25 device:
a piece of instrument hardware that is designed to perform a specific action or function, such as a
controller, indicator, transmitter, annunciator, or control valve.
3.1.26 digital:
a signal or device that generates or uses binary digit signals to represent continuous values or discrete
states.
3.1.27 discrete instrument
a device or hardware that has a separate entity, such as a single-case controller or recorder.
3.1.28 discrete signals:
signals that have any number of non-continuous distinct or defined states or positions.
a) Binary signals are a subset.
3.1.29 distributed control system (DCS):
instrumentation, input/output devices, control devices and operator interface devices, which in addition to
executing stated control and indication functions, also permit transmission of control, measurement, and
operating information to and from single or multiple-user specifiable locations, connected by single or
multiple communication links.
3.1.30 field instrument:
an instrument that is not mounted on a panel or console or in a control room but commonly in the vicinity
of its primary element or final control element; see local instrument.
3.1.31 final control element:
a device, such as a control valve, that directly controls the value of the manipulated variable of a control
loop.
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3.1.32 function:
the purpose of, or the action performed by, a device or application software.
3.1.33 hardware:
physical equipment directly involved in performing measuring, monitoring, and controlling functions.
3.1.34 high level control system (HLCS):
A system that provides sophistication above that of the BPCS; with functions typically based in process
computer or higher level hardware that interacts with the process by manipulating setpoints in the BPCS.
(a) Control functions in the HLCS include, but are not limited to, statistical process control and model
predictive control.
(b) An HLCS is not necessary to operate a plant or process.
3.1.35 identification:
the sequence of letters or numerals, or both, used to designate an individual instrument, function, or loop.
3.1.36 instrument:
a device used for direct or indirect measurement, monitoring, and/or control of a variable, including
primary elements, indicators, controllers, final control elements, computing devices, and electrical devices
such as annunciators, switches, and pushbuttons.
a) the term does not apply to a devices internal components or parts, such as receiver bellows or
resistors.
3.1.37 instrumentation:
a collection of instruments, devices, hardware, or functions or their application for the purpose of
measuring, monitoring, or controlling an industrial process or machine, or any combination of these.
3.1.38 local instrument:
an instrument that is not mounted on a panel or console or in a control room, but commonly in the vicinity
of its primary element or final control element; see field instrument.
3.1.39 local panel:
a panel that is not a central or main panel and is commonly located in the vicinity of plant subsystems or
sub-areas.
a) the term "local panel instrument" should not be confused with "local instrument”.
3.1.40 loop:
instrumentation arranged as a combination of two or more instruments or functions arranged so that

signals pass from one to another for the purpose of measurement and indication or control of a process
variable.
a) a self-contained device that measures and controls a process variable.

ANSI/ISA-5.1-2009 - 22 -
3.1.41 manual loading station:
a device or function that has a manually adjustable output, and may also have indicators, lights, and/or
other functions, that is used to actuate and/or modulate one or more devices, but does not provide
switching between auto-manual modes of a control loop.
3.1.42 measurement:
the determination of the existence and/or magnitude of a process variable.
3.1.43 monitor:
a general term for an instrument or instrument system used to measure or sense the status or magnitude
of one or more variables for the purpose of deriving useful information, and that sometimes means
analyzer, indicator, or alarm.
3.1.44 monitor light:
a light that indicates which of a number of normal, but not abnormal, conditions of a system or device
exists; see also pilot light.
3.1.45 panel:
a freestanding or built-in structure consisting of one or more sections, cubicles, consoles, or desks that
has groups of instrument hardware mounted on it, houses the operator-process interface, and is given a
unique designation.
3.1.46 panel-mounted:
an instrument or other device that is mounted on a panel or console and is accessible for an operator's
normal use.
a) a function that is normally accessible to an operator in a shared-display system is the equivalent

of a discrete panel-mounted device.
3.1.47 pilot light:
a light that indicates which of a number of normal conditions of a system or device exists; it is not an
alarm light, which indicates an abnormal condition. See also monitor light.
3.1.48 primary element:
an external or internal instrument or system element that quantitatively converts the measured variable
into a form suitable for measurement; see also detector and sensor:
a) an orifice plate is an external primary element
b) the sensor of a transmitter is an internal primary element.
3.1.49 process:
any operation or sequence of operations involving a change of energy, state, composition, dimension, or
other properties that may be defined with respect to zero or some other defined initial value.
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3.1.50 process variable:
any measurable property of a process; used in this standard to apply to all variables other than instrument
signals between devices in a loop.
3.1.51 program:
a repeatable sequence of actions that defines the state of outputs as a fixed relationship to the state of
inputs.
3.1.52 programmable logic controller:
a controller, usually with multiple inputs and outputs, that contains an alterable program that is typically
used to control binary and/or discrete logic or sequencing functions, and may also be used to provide
continuous control functions.
3.1.53 relay:
a device, whose function is to pass on information in an unchanged form or in some modified form, often
used to mean the preferred term computing device.
a) relay is a term applied specifically to an electric, pneumatic, or hydraulic switching device that is
actuated by a signal, and to functions performed by a relay.
3.1.54 safety instrumented system:
a system composed of sensors, logic solvers, and final control elements for the purpose of taking the
process to a safe state when pre-determined conditions are violated.
3.1.55 scan:
to sample, in a predetermined manner, each of a number of variables periodically or intermittently.
a) a scanning device is often used to ascertain the state or value of a group of variables, and may
be associated with other functions such as recording and alarming.
3.1.56 sensor:
a separate or integral part or function of a loop or an instrument that first senses the value of a process
variable, that assumes a corresponding predetermined and intelligible state, and/or generates an output
signal indicative of or proportional to the process variable; see also detector and primary element.
3.1.57 setpoint:
an input variable that sets the desired value of the controlled variable manually, automatically, or by
means of a program in the same units as the controlled variable.
3.1.58 shared control:
a feature of a control device or function that contains a number of pre-programmed algorithms, which are
user retrievable, configurable, and connectable, and allows user-defined control strategies or functions to
be implemented,
a) often used to describe the control features of a distributed control system, programmable logic
controller, or other microprocessor or mainframe computer based system.
ANSI/ISA-5.1-2009 - 24 -
b) control of multiple process variables can be implemented by sharing the capabilities of a single
device of this kind.
3.1.59 shared display:
the operator interface device, a video, light-emitting diode, liquid crystal, or other display unit, used to
display process control information from a number of sources at the command of the operator, often used
to describe the visual features of a distributed control system, programmable logic controller, or other
microprocessor or mainframe computer based system.
3.1.60 software:
the programs, codes, procedures, algorithms, patterns, rules, and associated documentation required for
the operation or maintenance of microprocessor or computer systems; see also application software.
3.1.61 software link:
the interconnection of system components via communication networks or functions via software or
keyboard instruction.
3.1.62 supervisory setpoint control system:
the generation of setpoint and/or other control information by a computer control system for use by
shared control, shared display or other regulatory control devices.
3.1.63 switch:
a device that connects, disconnects, selects, or transfers one or more circuits and is not designated as a
controller, a relay, or a control valve; the term is also applied to the functions performed by switches.
3.1.64 test point:
a process connection to which no instrument is permanently connected, but which is intended for the
temporary or intermittent connection of an instrument.
3.1.65 transducer:
a general term for a device, which can be a primary element, transmitter, relay, converter or other device,
that receives information in the form of one or more physical quantities, modifies the information or its
form, or both if required, and produces a resultant output signal.
3.1.66 transmitter:
a device that senses a process variable through the medium of a sensor or measuring element and has
an output whose steady-state value varies only as a predetermined function of the process variable.
a) the sensor can be an integral part, as in a direct-connected pressure transmitter, or a separate

part, as in a thermocouple.
- 25 - ANSI/ISA-5.1-2009
4 Identification letters table

4.1 Identification letters table
4.1.1 This clause provides in tabular form the alphabetic building blocks of the Instrument and Function
Identification System in a concise, easily referenced manner.
4.1.2 Table 4.1, together with Clause 4.2, defines and explains the meanings of the individual letters
when used to identify loop and device functions.
4.1.3 The letters in Table 4.1 shall have the mandatory meanings assigned except the user shall
assign:
a) Variables to the User’s Choice letters in column 1 and functions to the User’s Choice
letters in columns 3, 4 and 5 when such letters are used.
b) Meanings to the blanks in columns 2, 3, 4, and 5 when additional functions or modifiers

are assigned.
c) When such assignments are made they shall be documented in the User’s engineering
and design standards or guidelines and on drawing legend sheets.
4.2 Table 4.1 — Identification letters explanatory notes
The following notes, indicated in Table 4.1 by parentheses, are to be used as an aid in understanding the
meanings of the letters when they are used in certain positions in Loop Identification Letter(s) or
Functional Identifications.
(1) First Letters are a Measured/Initiating Variable and, if required, a combination of a

Measured/Initiating Variable and a Variable Modifier that shall be referred to by the combined meaning.
(2) The specific meanings given for Measured/Initiating Variables [A], [B], [E], [F], [H], [I], [J], [K] [L],
[P], [Q], [R], [S], [T], [U], [V], [W], [Y], and [Z] shall not be modified.
(3) Measured/Initiating Variable analysis [A] shall be used for all types of process stream composition
and physical property analysis. The type of analyzer, and for stream component analyzers the
components of interest, shall be defined outside the tagging bubble.
(a) “User’s Choice” Measured/Initiating Variables [C], [D], and [M] are assigned to identify
conductivity, density, and moisture analysis, respectively, when it is the user’s common practice.
(4) Measured/Initiating Variable analysis [A] shall not be used to identify vibration or other types of
mechanical or machinery analysis, which shall be identified by Measured/Initiating Variable vibration or
mechanical analysis [V].
(5) “User’s Choice” letters [C], [D], [M], [N], and [O] that cover unlisted repetitive meanings that may
have one meaning as a Measured or Initiating Variable and another as a Succeeding-Letter shall be
defined only once. For example, [N] may be defined as “modulus of elasticity” as a Measured/Initiating
Variable and “oscilloscope” as a Readout/Passive Function.
(6) Measured/Initiating Variable multivariable [U] identifies an instrument or loop that requires
multiple points of measurement or other inputs to generate single or multiple outputs, such as a PLC that
uses multiple pressure and temperature measurements to regulate the switching of multiple on-off valves.
ANSI/ISA-5.1-2009 - 26 -
(7) Measured/Initiating Variable vibration or mechanical analysis [V] is intended to perform the
function in machinery monitoring that Measured/Initiating Variable analysis [A] performs in process
monitoring and except for vibration, it is expected that the variable of interest will be defined outside the
tagging bubble.
(8) First-Letter or Succeeding-Letter for unclassified devices or functions [X] for non-repetitive
meanings that are used only once or to a limited extent may have any number of meanings that shall be
defined outside the tagging bubble or by a note in the document. For example, [XR-2] may be a stress
recorder and [XX-4] may be a stress oscilloscope.
(9) Measured/Initiating Variable event, state, or presence [Y] is intended for use when control or
monitoring responses are not driven by time or time schedule--but driven by events, presence, or state.
(10) Measured/Initiating Variable and Variable Modifier combinations shall be selected according to
how the property being measured is modified or changed.
(11) Direct measured variables that shall be considered as Measured/Initiating Variables for Loop
Numbering shall include but are not limited to:
(a) Differential [D] — pressure [PD] or temperature [TD].
(b) Total [Q] — flow totalizer [FQ], when directly measured, such as by a positive
displacement flowmeter.
(c) X-axis, y-axis, or z-axis [X], [Y], or [Z] — vibration [VX], [VY], and [VZ], force [WX], [WY],
or [WZ] or position [ZX], [ZY], or [ZZ].
(12) Derived or calculated from other direct measured variables that should not be considered as
Measured/Initiating Variables for Loop Numbering shall include but are not limited to:
(a) Difference [D] — temperature [TD] or weight [WD].
(b) Ratio [F] — Flow [FF], pressure [PF], or temperature [TF].
(c) Time rate of change [K] — pressure [PK], temperature [TK], or weight [WK].
(13) Variable Modifier time or time schedule [K] in combination with a Measured/Initiating Variable
signifies a time rate of change of the measured or initiating variable; [WK], represents a rate-of-weight-
loss loop.
(14) Variable Modifier safety [S] is technically not a direct-measured variable but is used to identify
self-actuated emergency protective primary and final control elements only when used in conjunction with
Measured/Initiating Variables flow [F], pressure [P] or temperature [T]. And because of the critical nature
of such devices, [FS, PS, and TS] shall be considered as Measured/ Initiating Variables in all Loop
Identification Number construction schemes:
(a) Flow safety valve [FSV] applies to valves intended to protect against an emergency
excess flow or loss of flow condition. Pressure safety valve [PSV] and temperature safety valve
[TSV] apply to valves intended to protect against emergency pressure and temperature
conditions. This applies regardless of whether the valve construction or mode of operation places
it in the category of safety valve, relief valve, or safety relief valve.
(b) A self-actuated pressure valve that prevents operation of a fluid system at a higher-than-
desired pressure by bleeding fluid from the system is a backpressure control valve [PCV], even if
the valve is not intended to be used normally. However, this valve is designated a pressure
- 27 - ANSI/ISA-5.1-2009
safety valve [PSV] if it protects against emergency conditions hazardous to personnel and/or
equipment that are not expected to arise normally.
(c) Pressure rupture disc [PSE] and fusible link [TSE] apply to all sensors or primary
elements intended to protect against emergency pressure or temperature conditions.
(d) [S] shall not be used to identify Safety Instrumented Systems and components, see (30).
(15) The grammatical form of Succeeding Letter meanings shall be modified as required; for example,
‘indicate’ [I] may be read as ‘indicator’ or ‘indicating,’ and ‘transmit’ [T] may be read as ‘transmitter’ or
‘transmitting.’
(16) Readout/Passive Function glass, gauge, or viewing device [G] should be used instead of
Readout/Passive Function indicate [I] for instruments or devices that provide a secondary view, such as
level glasses, pressure gauges, thermometers, and flow sight glasses.
(a) Also used to identify devices that provide an uncalibrated view of plant operations, such
as television monitors.
(17) Readout/Passive Function indicate [I] applies to the analog or digital readout of an actual
measurement or input signal to a discrete instrument or a distributed control system's video display unit.
(a) In the case of a manual loader, it should be used for the dial or setting indication of the
output signal being generated, [HIC] or [HIK].
(18) Readout/Passive Function scan [J] when used shall indicate a non-continuous periodic reading of
two or more Measured/Initiating Variables of the same or different kinds, such as multipoint temperature
and pressure recorders.
(19) Readout/Passive Function light [L] identifies devices or functions that are intended to indicate
normal operating status, such as motor on-off or actuator position, and is not intended for alarm
indication.
(20) Readout/Passive Function record [R] applies to any permanent or semi-permanent electronic or
paper media storage of information or data in an easily retrievable form.
(21) Readout/Passive and Output/Active Function multifunction [U] is used to:
(a) Identify control loops that have more than the usual indicate/record and control functions.
(b) Save space on drawings by not showing tangent bubbles for each function.
(c) A note describing the multiple functions should be on the drawing if needed for clarity.
(22) Readout/Passive Function accessory [X] is intended to identify hardware and devices that do not
measure or control but are required for the proper operation of instrumentation.
(23) There are differences in meaning to be considered when selecting between Output/Active
Functions for control [C], switch [S], valve, damper, or louver [V], and auxiliary device [Y]:
(a) Control [C] means an automatic device or function that receives an input signal
generated by a Measured/Initiating Variable and generates a variable output signal that is used to
modulate or switch a valve [V] or auxiliary device [Y] at a predetermined setpoint for ordinary
process control.
ANSI/ISA-5.1-2009 - 28 -
(b) Switch [S] means a device or function that connects, disconnects, or transfers one or
more air, electronic, electric, or hydraulic signals, or circuits that may be manually actuated or
automatically actuated directly by a Measured or Initiating Variable, or indirectly by a Measured or
Initiating Variable transmitter.
(c) Valve, damper, or louver [V] means a device that modulates, switches, or turns on/off a
process fluid stream after receiving an output signal generated by a controller [C], switch [S], or
auxiliary device [Y].
(d) Auxiliary device [Y] means an automatic device or function actuated by a controller [C],
transmitter [T], or switch [S] signal that connects, disconnects, transfers, computes, and/or
converts air, electronic, electric, or hydraulic signals or circuits.
(e) The succeeding letters CV shall not be used for anything other than a self-actuated
control valve.
(24) Output/Active Function control station [K] shall be used for:
(a) Designating an operator accessible control station used with an automatic controller that
does not have an integral operator accessible auto-manual and/or control mode switch.
(b) Split architecture or fieldbus control devices where the controller functions are located
remotely from the operator station.
(25) Output/Active Function auxiliary devices and functions [Y] include, but are not limited to, solenoid
valves, relays, and computing and converting devices and functions
(26) Output/Active Function auxiliary devices [Y] for signal computing and converting when shown in a
diagram or drawing shall be defined outside their bubbles with an appropriate symbol from Table 5.6
Mathematical Function Blocks and when written in text shall include a description of the mathematical
function from Table 5 6.
(27) Function Modifiers high [H], low [L], and middle or intermediate [M] when applied to positions of
valves and other open-close devices, are defined as follows:
(a) High [H], the valve is in or approaching the fully open position, open [O] may be used as
an alternative.
(b) Low [L] the valve is in or approaching the fully closed position; closed [C] may be used as
an alternative.
(c) Middle or intermediate [M] the valve is traveling or located in between the fully open or
closed position.
(28) Function Modifier deviation [D] when combined with Readout/Passive Function [A] (alarm) or
Output/Active Function S (switch) indicates a measured variable has deviated from a controller or other
setpoint more than a predetermined amount.
(a) Function Modifiers high [H] or low [L] shall be added if only a positive or negative
deviation, respectively, is of importance.
(29) Function Modifiers high [H], low [L], and middle or intermediate [M] when applied to alarms
correspond to values of the measured variable, not to values of the alarm-actuating signal, unless
otherwise noted:
- 29 - ANSI/ISA-5.1-2009
(a) A high-level alarm derived from a reverse-acting level transmitter signal is an LAH, even
though the alarm is actuated when the signal falls to a low value.
(b) The terms shall be used in combination as appropriate to indicate multiple levels of
actuation from the same measurement, for example high [H] and high-high [HH], low [L] and low-
low [LL], or high-low [HL].
(30) Variable Modifier [Z] is technically not a direct-measured variable but is used to identify the
components of Safety Instrumented Systems.
(a) [Z] shall not be used to identify the safety devices noted in (14).
ANSI/ISA-5.1-2009 - 30 -
Table 4.1 — Identification letters

Note: Numbers in parentheses refer to the preceding explanatory notes in Clause 4.2.
First letters (1) Succeeding letters (15)
Column 1 Column 2 Column 3 Column 4 Column 5
Measured/Initiating Variable Readout/Passive Output/Active Function

Variable Modifier (10) Function Function Modifier
A Analysis (2)(3)(4) Alarm
B Burner, Combustion (2) User’s Choice (5) User’s Choice (5) User’s Choice (5)
C User’s Choice (3a)(5) Control (23a)(23e) Close (27b)

Difference, Differential,
D User’s Choice (3a)(5) Deviation (28)
(11a)(12a)
E Voltage (2) Sensor, Primary Element
F Flow, Flow Rate (2) Ratio (12b)

Glass, Gauge, Viewing
G User’s Choice
Device (16)
H Hand (2) High (27a)( 28a)(29)
I Current (2) Indicate (17)
J Power (2) Scan (18)

Time Rate of Change
K Time, Schedule (2) Control Station (24)
(12c)(13)
L Level (2) Light (19) Low (27b)( 28)(29)
Middle, Intermediate
M User’s Choice (3a)(5)
(27c)(28) (29)
N User’s Choice (5) User’s Choice (5) User’s Choice (5) User’s Choice (5)
O User’s Choice (5) Orifice, Restriction Open (27a)
P Pressure (2) Point (Test Connection)
Q Quantity (2) Integrate, Totalize (11b) Integrate, Totalize
R Radiation (2) Record (20) Run
S Speed, Frequency (2) Safety(14) Switch (23b) Stop
T Temperature (2) Transmit
U Multivariable (2)(6) Multifunction (21) Multifunction (21)

Vibration, Mechanical Valve, Damper, Louver
V
Analysis (2)(4)(7) (23c)(23e)
W Weight, Force (2) Well, Probe
Accessory Devices (22),
X Unclassified (8) X-axis (11c) Unclassified (8) Unclassified (8)
Unclassified (8)
Auxiliary Devices
Y Event, State, Presence (2)(9) Y-axis (11c)
(23d)( 25)( 26)
Z-axis (11c), Safety Driver, Actuator, Unclassified

Z Position, Dimension (2)
Instrumented System (30) final control element
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5 Graphic symbol tables

5.1 Graphic symbol tables
5.1.1 This clause provides in tabular form the graphic building blocks that are used to construct
diagrams for measurement and control loops, instruments, and functions in a concise, easily referenced
manner.
5.1.2 The graphic symbol sets included in this clause are intended to be used to prepare:
a) Instrumentation diagrams.
b) Functional diagrams.
c) Binary logic diagrams.
d) Electrical schematics.
5.1.3 The graphic symbols shown in the tables are drawn full size for use in full size sketches or
drawings.
5.1.4 The device and function symbols shown in Table 5.1.1 are based on the traditional 7/16-inch or
11mm circle format but may be changed to the often-used 1/2-inch or 12mm circle format.
5.1.5 Consideration shall be given to the size of reduced P&IDs when selecting symbol sizing.
5.1.6 All symbols shall maintain the size ratios shown in the tables when reduced or increased in size.
5.2 Tables to be used for common applications
5.2.1 Instrumentation diagrams that represent instrumentation devices and functions shall be
constructed from the symbols shown in:
a) Tables 5.1.1 and 5.1.2 — Measurement and control devices or functions.
b) Tables 5.2.1, 5.2.2, 5.2.3, and 5.2.4 — Measurement elements and transmitters.
c) Tables 5.3.1 and 5.3.2 — Lines, instrument to process or instrument to instrument.
d) Tables 5.4.1, 5.4.2, 5.4.3, and 5.4.4 — Final control elements.
e) Table 5.6 — Signal processing function blocks.
5.2.2 Functional diagrams that represent monitoring and control loops shall be constructed from the
symbols shown in:
a) Table 5.5 — Functional diagramming symbols.
b) Table 5.6 — Signal processing function block symbols.
c) Table 5.7 — Binary logic symbols.

ANSI/ISA-5.1-2009 - 32 -
5.2.3 Binary logic diagrams that represent logic processes shall be constructed from the symbols
shown in:
a) Table 5.1.1 — Measurement and control devices or functions.
b) Table 5.7 — Binary logic symbols.
5.2.4 Electrical schematics that represent electrical circuits shall be constructed from the symbols
shown in:
a) Table 5.1.1 — Measurement and control devices or functions.
b) Table 5.8 — Electrical schematic symbols.
5.2.5 Symbols may be developed to show devices and functions not covered by this standard or to
simplify the depiction of frequently used instrumentation. Such uses shall be fully detailed by sketches or
notes on the drawing legend and detail sheets.
5.2.6 If new or revised symbols are developed they should be submitted to the ISA-5.1 committee for
inclusion in the next revision of this standard.
5.3 Graphic symbol table explanatory notes
The following notes, indicated in Tables 5.1 through 5.8 by parentheses, shall be used as an aid in
understanding the meanings of the symbols.
5.3.1 Tables 5.1.1 and 5.1.2 — Instrumentation device and function symbols:
(1) Devices and functions that are represented by these bubble symbols are:
(a) Used in shared display, shared control, configurable, microprocessor-based, and data-
linked instrumentation where the functions are accessible by the operator via a shared display or
monitor.
(b) Configured in control systems that include, but are not limited to, distributed control
systems (DCS), programmable logic controllers (PLC), personal computers (PC), and intelligent
transmitters and valve positioners.
(2) The user shall select and document one of the following for use of these symbols in a:
(a) Primary shared-display, shared-control system.
(b) Basic Process Control System (BPCS).
(3) The user shall select and document one of the following for use of these symbols in an:
(a) Alternate shared-display, shared-control system.
(b) Safety Instrumented System (SIS).
(4) Devices and functions represented by these bubble symbols are configured in computer systems
that include, but are not limited to:
- 33 - ANSI/ISA-5.1-2009
(a) Process controllers, process optimizers, statistical process control, model-predictive

process control, analyzer controllers, business computers, manufacturing execution systems, and
other systems that interact with the process by manipulating setpoints in the BPCS.
(b) High Level Control System (HLCS)
(5) Discrete devices or functions that are hardware-based and are either stand-alone or are
connected to other instruments, devices, or systems that include, but are not limited to, transmitters,
switches, relays, controllers, and control valves.
(6) Accessibility includes viewing, setpoint adjustment, operating mode changing, and any other
operator actions required to operate the instrumentation.
(7) Functions represented by these symbols are used for simple interlock logic:
(a) A description of the logic should be shown nearby or in the notes section of the drawing
or sketch if the intended logic is not clearly understandable.
(b) These symbols are not recommended for depicting complex DCS, PLC, or SIS
applications that require other than ‘AND’ and ‘OR’ signal gates.
(8) A logic number, letter, or number/letter combination identification shall be used if more than one
logic scheme is used on the project by:
(a) Replacing [I], [A], and [O] with the logic identification.
(b) Appending the logic identification outside the symbol.
5.3.2 Tables 5.2.1, 5.2.2, 5.2.3, 5.2.4, and 5.2.5 — Measurement symbols
(1) Measurements are depicted by:
(a) Bubbles only.
(b) Bubbles and graphics.
(2) These symbols shall be used for process or equipment measurements if:
(a) A graphic symbol does not exist.
(b) The user does not use graphic symbols.
(3) Transmitter [T] may be controller [C], indicator [I], recorder [R], or switch [S].
(4) User engineering and design standards, practices, and/or guidelines shall document which
choices are selected.
5.3.3 Tables 5.3.1 and 5.3.2 — Line symbols:
(1) Power supplies shall be shown when:
(a) Different from those normally used, e.g., 120 Vdc when normal is 24 Vdc.
(b) When a device requires an independent power supply.

ANSI/ISA-5.1-2009 - 34 -
(c) Affected by controller or switch actions.
(2) Arrows shall be used if needed to clarify direction of signal flow.
(3) Users engineering and design standards, practices and/or guidelines shall document which
symbol has been selected.
(4) The line symbols connect devices and functions that are integral parts of dedicated systems,
such as distributed control systems (DCS), programmable logic controllers (PLC), personal computer
systems (PC), and computer control systems (CCS) over a dedicated communication link.
(5) The line symbols connect independent microprocessor-based and computer-based systems to
each other over a dedicated communications link, using but not limited to the RS232 protocol.
(6) The line symbols connect “intelligent” devices, such as microprocessor-based transmitters and
control valve positioners that contain control functionality, to other such devices and to the
instrumentation system, using but not limited to Ethernet fieldbus protocols.
(7) The line symbols connect “smart” devices, such as transmitters, to instrumentation system input
signal terminals and provide a superimposed digital signal that is used for instrument diagnostics and
calibration.
5.3.4 Tables 5.4.1, 5.4.2, 5.4.3 and 5.4.4 — Final control element symbols:
(1) Users engineering and design standards, practices, and/or guidelines shall document which
symbols have been selected.
(2) Element symbols 1 through 14, when combined with actuator symbols 1 through 16, represent
process control valves.
(3) Element symbol 2, when combined with actuator symbols 20 and 21, represent pressure safety
valves.
(4) Element symbols 15 through 19, when combined with actuator symbols 13, 14, and 15, represent
on-off solenoid valves.
(5) Element symbol 21, when combined with actuator symbols 1 through 16, represents a variable
speed control unit.
(6) Element symbol 21 represents a motor that manipulates or controls a process variable.
(7) Actuator symbols 1 through 16, when combined with element symbols 1 through 14, represent
process control valves and with element symbol 21 represents a variable speed control unit.
(8) Actuator symbols 17, 18, and 19, when combined with element symbols 15 through 19, represent
on-off solenoid valves.
(9) Actuator symbols 20 and 21, when combined with element symbol 2, represent pressure safety
valves.
(10) The symbols are applicable to all types of control valves and actuators.
5.3.5 Table 5.5 — Functional diagramming symbols:
(1) Signal flow is assumed to be from top-to-bottom or from left-to-right.

- 35 - ANSI/ISA-5.1-2009
(2) Symbols are shown in a vertical diagram format.
(3) Symbols shall be rotated 90 degrees counterclockwise in a horizontal diagram format.
(4) Insert signal processing symbol from Table 5.6 at (*).
5.3.6 Table 5.6 — Signal processing function block symbols:
(1) Symbols in small squares and rectangles are as used with symbol #1 from Table 5.1.2.
(2) Symbols in large rectangles are as used with symbol #5 from Table 5.5.
5.3.7 Table 5.7 — Binary logic symbols:
(1) True signals are equal to binary one, and false signals are equal to binary zero.
(2) Alternate symbols shall be used only for “AND’ and “OR” gates.
5.3.8 Table 5 8 — Electrical schematic symbols
(1) All devices are shown in the unactuated or de-energized condition.
(2) Switch contacts 2, 3, and 4 shall be actuated by:
(a) Hand.
(b) Actuator symbols 5 and 6.
(3) Actuator symbols 5 and 6 shall actuate switch symbols 2, 3, and 4.
(4) Switch symbols 7, 8, and 9.shall be actuated by:
(a) Hand.
(b) Actuator symbols 11 through 16.
(c) Bubble symbol for device or function assigned to actuate the switch symbol.
(5) Actuator symbols 11 through 16 shall actuate switch symbols 7, 8, and 9.
ANSI/ISA-5.1-2009 - 36 -
Table 5.1.1 — Instrumentation device and function symbols

Note: Numbers in parentheses refer to explanatory notes in Clause 5.3.1.
Shared display,
Shared control (1) C D
A B
Primary
Alternate
No. Choice Location & accessibility (6)
Choice Computer
or
or Systems
Basic Discrete
Safety and
Process (5)
Instrumented Software
Control
System (4)
System
(3)
(2)
• Located in field.
1 • Not panel, cabinet, or console mounted.
• Visible at field location.
• Normally operator accessible.
• Located in or on front of central or main panel or

2 console.
• Visible on front of panel or on video display.
• Normally operator accessible at panel front or console.
• Located in rear of central or main panel.

3 • Located in cabinet behind panel.
• Not visible on front of panel or on video display.
• Not normally operator accessible at panel or console.
• Located in or on front of secondary or local panel or

4 console.
• Visible on front of panel or on video display.
• Normally operator accessible at panel front or console.
• Located in rear of secondary or local panel.

5 • Located in field cabinet.
• Not visible on front of panel or on video display.
• Not normally operator accessible at panel or console.
- 37 - ANSI/ISA-5.1-2009
Table 5.1.2 — Instrumentation device or function symbols, miscellaneous

No Symbol Description
• Signal processing function:

1 • Locate in upper right or left quadrant of symbols above.
• Attach to symbols above where affected signals are connected.
• Insert signal processing symbol from Table 5.6
• Expand symbol by 50% increments for larger function symbols.
• Panel-mounted patchboard plug-in point.

2 • Console matrix point.
C • C-12 equals patchboard column and row respectively, as an example.
12
(7) (8) • Generic interlock logic function.

3 • Undefined interlock logic function.
I
(7) (8) • ‘AND’ interlock logic function.

4
I
(7) (8) • ‘OR’ interlock logic function.

5
I
• Instruments or functions sharing a common housing.

6 • It is not mandatory to show a common housing.
• Notes shall be used to identify instruments in common housings not using this
symbol.
• Pilot light.
7 • Circle shall be replaced with any symbol from column D in Table 5.1.1 if location and
accessibility needs to be shown.
ANSI/ISA-5.1-2009 - 38 -
Table 5.2.1 — Measurement symbols: primary elements and transmitters

(1a) (2) • Generic primary element, bubble format.
1 • Notation (*) from Table 5.2.2 should be used to identify type of element.
• Connect to process or other instruments by symbols from Tables 5.3.1 and 5.3.2.
?E • Insert in or on process flow line, vessel, or equipment.
(*)
(1a) ( (2) (3) • Transmitter with integral primary element, bubble format.
?T
• Insert in or on process flow line, vessel, or equipment.
(*)
(1a) (2) (3) • Transmitter with close coupled primary element, bubble format
3 ?T • Notation (*) from Table 5.2.2 should be used to identify type of element.
• Connecting line shall be equal to or less than 0.25 inches (6 millimeters).
• Insert element in or on process flow line, vessel, or equipment.
?E
(*)
(1a) (3) • Transmitter with remote primary element, bubble format.
4 ?T • Notation (*) from Table 5.2.2 should be used to identify type of element.
• Connecting line shall be equal to or greater than 0.5 inches (12 millimeters).
?E
• Insert element in or on process flow line, vessel, or equipment.
(*)
(1b) (3) • Transmitter with integral primary element inserted in or on process flow line, vessel,
5 ?T or equipment, bubble/graphic format.
• Insert primary element symbol from Table 5.2.3 at #.
• Connect to other instruments by symbols from Table 5.3.2.
#
(1b) (3) • Transmitter with close-coupled primary element inserted in or on process flow line,
6 ?T vessel, or equipment, bubble/graphic format.
• Insert primary element symbol from Table 5.2.3 at #.
• Connecting line shall be equal to or less than 0.25 inches (6 millimeters).
• Connect to other instruments by symbols from Table 5.3.2.
#
(1b) (3) • Transmitter with remote primary element inserted in or on process flow line, vessel,
7 or equipment, bubble/graphic format.
?E • Insert primary element symbol from Table 5.2.3 at #.
• Connecting line may be any signal line from Table 5.2.3.
• Connecting line shall be equal to or greater than 0.5 inches (12 millimeters).
# • Connect to other instruments by symbols from Table 5.3.2.
- 39 - ANSI/ISA-5.1-2009
Table 5.2.2 — Measurement symbols: measurement notations (4)

Note: Numbers in parentheses refer to explanatory notes in Clause 5.3.2
Analysis
AIR = Excess air H2O = Water O2 = Oxygen UV = Ultraviolet
CO = Carbon monoxide H2S = Hydrogen sulfide OP = Opacity VIS = Visible light
CO2 = Carbon dioxide HUM = Humidity ORP = Oxidation reduction VISC = Viscosity
COL = Color IR = Infrared pH = Hydrogen ion =
COMB = Combustibles LC = Liquid chromatograph REF = Refractometer =
COND = Elec. conductivity MOIST = Moisture RI = Refractive index =
DEN = Density MS = Mass spectrometer TC = Thermal conductivity =
GC = Gas chromatograph NIR = Near infrared TDL = Tunable diode laser =
Flow
CFR = Constant flow regulator OP = Orifice plate PT = Pitot tube VENT = Venturi tube
CONE = Cone OP-CT = Corner taps PV = Pitot venturi VOR = Vortex Shedding
COR = Coriollis OP-CQ = Circle quadrant SNR = Sonar WDG = Wedge
DOP = Doppler OP-E = Eccentric SON Sonic =
DSON = Doppler sonic OP-FT = Flange taps TAR = Target
FLN = Flow nozzle OP-MH = Multi-hole THER = Thermal =
FLT = Flow tube OP-P = Pipe taps TTS = Transit time sonic =
LAM = Laminar OP-VC = Vena contracta taps TUR = Turbine =
MAG = Magnetic PD = Positive displacement US = Ultrasonic =
Level
CAP = Capacitance GWR = Guided wave radar NUC = Nuclear US = Ultrasonic
d/p = Differential pressure LSR = Laser RAD = Radar =
DI = Dielectric constant MAG = Magnetic RES = Resistance =
DP = Differential pressure MS = Magnetostrictive SON = Sonic =
Pressure
ABS = Absolute MAN = Manometer VAC = Vacuum
AVG = Average P-V = Pressure-vacuum =
DRF = Draft SG = Strain gage = =
Temperature
BM = Bi-metallic RTD = Resistance temp detector TCK = Thermocouple type K TRAN = Transistor
IR = Infrared TC = Thermocouple TCT = Thermocouple type T =
RAD = Radiation TCE = Thermocouple type E THRM = Thermistor =
RP = Radiation pyrometer TCJ = Thermocouple type J TMP = Thermopile =
Miscellaneous
Burner, Combustion Position Quantity Radiation
FR = Flame rod CAP = Capacitance PE = Photoelectric α = Alpha radiation
IGN = Igniter EC = Eddy current TOG = Toggle β = Beta radiation
IR = Infrared IND = Inductive = γ = Gamma radiation
TV = Television LAS = Laser = n = Neutron radiation
UV = Ultraviolet MAG = Magnetic = =
= MECH = Mechanical = =
= OPT = Optical = =
= RAD = Radar = =
= = = =
Speed Weight, Force
ACC = Acceleration LC = Load cell = =
EC = Eddy current SG = Strain gauge = =
PROX = Proximity WS = Weigh scale = =
VEL = Velocity = = =
= = = =
ANSI/ISA-5.1-2009 - 40 -
Table 5.2.3 — Measurement symbols: primary elements

No Symbol (4) Description
•
Analysis Analysis Analysis
Conductivity, moisture, etc.

1 • Single element sensing probe.
• pH, ORP, etc.

2 • Dual element sensing probe.
• Fiberoptic sensing probe.

3
• Ultraviolet flame detector.

Burner
4 • Television flame monitor.
• Flame rod flame detector.

Burner
• Generic orifice plate.

Flow
6 • Restriction orifice.
• Orifice plate in quick-change fitting.

Flow
• Concentric circle orifice plate.

Flow
8 • Restriction orifice.
• Eccentric circle orifice plate.

Flow
• Circle quadrant orifice plate.

Flow
10
• Multi-hole orifice plate

Flow
11
• Generic venturi tube, flow nozzle, or flow tube.

Flow
12 • Notation from Table 5.2.2 required at (*) if used for more than one type.
(*)
• Venturi tube.
Flow
13
• Flow nozzle.
Flow
14
• Flow tube.
Flow
15
- 41 - ANSI/ISA-5.1-2009

• Integral orifice plate.

Flow
16
• Standard pitot tube.

Flow
17
• Averaging pitot tube.

Flow
18
• Turbine flowmeter.
Flow
19 • Propeller flowmeter.
• Vortex shedding flowmeter

Flow
20
• Target flowmeter.
Flow
21
(4) • Magnetic flowmeter.

Flow
22 a) M b)
(4) • Thermal mass flowmeter.

Flow
23 a) ΔT b)
• Positive displacement flowmeter.

Flow
24
• Cone meter.
Flow
25 • Annular orifice meter.
• Wedge meter.
Flow
26
• Coriollis flowmeter.
Flow
27
• Sonic flowmeter.
Flow
28 • Ultrasonic flowmeter.
• Variable area flowmeter.

Flow
29
• Open channel weir plate.

Flow
30
ANSI/ISA-5.1-2009 - 42 -

• Open channel flume.

Flow
31
• Displacer internally mounted in vessel.

32
Level
• Ball float internally mounted in vessel.

33 • May be installed through top of vessel.
Level
• Radiation, single point.

34 • Sonic.
Level
• Radiation, multi-point or continuous.

35
Level
• Dip tube or other primary element and stilling well.

36 • May be installed through side of vessel.
Level
• May be installed without stilling well.
• Float with guide wires.

37 • Location of readout should be noted, at grade, at top, or accessible from a
Level
ladder.
• Guide wires may be omitted.
• Insert probe.
38 • May be through top of vessel.
Level
• Radar.
39
Level
• Strain gage or other electronic type sensor.

PE
Pressure
• Connection symbols 6, 7, 8, or 9 in Table 5.3.1 are used if connection type is to
(*) be shown.
• Bubble may be omitted if connected to another instrument.
- 43 - ANSI/ISA-5.1-2009

• Generic element without thermowell.

Temperature
TE • Notation (*) should be used to identify type of element, see Table 5.2.2.
41
• Connection symbols 6, 7, 8, or 9 in Table 5.3.1 are used if connection type is to
(*) be shown.
Table 5.2.4 — Measurement symbols: secondary instruments

• Sight glass.
FG
Flow
• Gage integrally mounted on vessel.

2 • Sight glass.
LG
Level
• Gage glass externally mounted on vessel or standpipe.

3 • Multiple gages may be shown as one bubble or one bubble for each section.
LG •
Level
Use connection 6, 7, 8, or 9 in Table 5.3.1 if connection type is to be shown.
• Pressure gage.
PG
Pressure
4 • Use connection 6, 7, 8, or 9 in Table 5.3.1 if connection type is to be shown.
• Thermometer.
Temperature
TG • Use connection 6, 7, 8, or 9 in Table 5.3.1 if connection type is to be shown.

5
ANSI/ISA-5.1-2009 - 44 -
Table 5.2.5 — Measurement symbols: auxiliary and accessory devices

• Sample insert probe, flanged.

AW
Analysis
1 • Sample well, flanged.

• Use connection 7, 8, or 9 in Table 5.3.1 if flange is not used.
• Sample conditioner or other analysis accessory, flanged.

AX
Analysis
2 • Represents single or multiple devices.

• Flow straightening vanes.

FX • Flow conditioning element.
3
Flow
• Instrument purge or flushing fluid.

4 • Instrument purge or flushing device or devices.
Flow
P • Show assembly details on drawing legend sheet.
• Diaphragm pressure seal, flanged, threaded, socket welded, or welded.

Pressure
5 • Diaphragm chemical seal, flanged, threaded, socket welded, or welded.

• Use connection 6, 7, 8, or 9 in Table 5.3.1 if connection type is to be shown.
• Diaphragm pressure seal, welded.

Pressure
6 • Diaphragm chemical seal, welded.
• Thermowell, flanged.
Temperature
7 TW • Test well, flanged.

- 45 - ANSI/ISA-5.1-2009
Table 5.3.1 — Line symbols: instrument to process and equipment connections

No Symbol Application
• Instrument connections to process and equipment.

• Process impulse lines.
1 • Analyzer sample lines.
• Heat [cool] traced impulse or sample line from process.

• Type of tracing indicated by: [ET] electrical, [ST] steam, [CW] chilled water, etc.
2 (ST)
• Generic instrument connection to process line.

• Generic instrument connection to equipment.
3
• Heat [cool] traced generic instrument impulse line.

• Process line or equipment may or may not be traced.
4
• Heat [cool] traced instrument.

• Instrument impulse line may or may not be traced.
5
• Flanged instrument connection to process line.

• Flanged instrument connection to equipment.
6
• Threaded instrument connection to process line.

• Threaded instrument connection to equipment.
7
• Socket welded instrument connection to process line.

• Socket welded instrument connection to equipment.
8
• Welded instrument connection to process line.

• Welded instrument connection to equipment.
9
ANSI/ISA-5.1-2009 - 46 -
Table 5.3.2 — Line symbols: instrument-to-instrument connections

(1) • IA may be replaced by PA [plant air], NS [nitrogen}, or GS [any gas supply].

1 IA • Indicate supply pressure as required, e.g., PA-70 kPa, NS-150 psig, etc.
(1) • Instrument electric power supply.

ES • Indicate voltage and type as required, e.g. ES-220 Vac.
2
• ES may be replaced by 24 Vdc, 120 Vac, etc.
(1) • Instrument hydraulic power supply.

3 • Indicate pressure as required, e.g., HS-70 psig.
HS
(2) • Undefined signal.

4 • Use for Process Flow Diagrams.
• Use for discussions or diagrams where type of signal is not of concern.
(2) • Pneumatic signal, continuously variable or binary.

5
(2) • Electronic or electrical continuously variable or binary signal.

6 • Functional diagram binary signal.
(2) • Functional diagram continuously variable signal.

7 • Electrical schematic ladder diagram signal and power rails.
(2) • Hydraulic signal.

8
(2) • Filled thermal element capillary tube.

9 • Filled sensing line between pressure seal and instrument.
(2) • Guided electromagnetic signal.

10 • Guided sonic signal.
• Fiber optic cable.
(3) a) • Unguided electromagnetic signals, light, radiation, radio, sound, wireless, etc.
11 • Wireless instrumentation signal.
b) • Wireless communication link.
(4) • Communication link and system bus, between devices and functions of a shared
12 display, shared control system.
• DCS, PLC, or PC communication link and system bus.
(5) • Communication link or bus connecting two or more independent microprocessor or

13 computer-based systems.
• DCS-to-DCS, DCS-to-PLC, PLC-to-PC, DCS-to-Fieldbus, etc. connections.
(6) • Communication link and system bus, between devices and functions of a fieldbus
14 system.
• Link from and to “intelligent” devices.
(7) • Communication link between a device and a remote calibration adjustment device or
15 system.
• Link from and to “smart” devices.
- 47 - ANSI/ISA-5.1-2009
Table 5.3.2 — Line symbols: instrument-to-instrument connections

• Mechanical link or connection.

16
(3) • Drawing-to-drawing signal connector, signal flow from left to right.

• (#) = Instrument tag number sending or receiving signal.
(#) • (##) = Drawing or sheet number receiving or sending signal.
a)
(##)
(#)
a)
(##)
17
b) (#)
(##)
(#)
b)
(##)
• Signal input to logic diagram.

18 (*) • (*) = Input description, source, or instrument tag number.
• Signal output from logic diagram.

19 (*) • (*) = Output description, destination, or instrument tag number.
• Internal functional, logic, or ladder diagram signal connector.

20 (*) • Signal source to one or more signal receivers.
• (*) = Connection identifier A, B, C, etc.
• Internal functional, logic, or ladder diagram signal connector.

(*) • Signal receiver, one or more from a single source.
21
• (*) = Connection identifier A, B, C, etc.
ANSI/ISA-5.1-2009 - 48 -
Table 5.4.1 — Final control element symbols

(1) (2) • Generic two-way valve.

1 a) • Straight globe valve.
• Gate valve.
b)
(2) (3) • Generic two-way angle valve.
2 • Angle globe valve.
• Safety angle valve.
(2) • Generic three-way valve.

3 • Three-way globe valve.
• Arrow indicates failure or unactuated flow path.
(2) • Generic four-way valve.

4 • Four-way four-ported plug or ball valve.
• Arrows indicates failure or unactuated flow paths.
(2) • Butterfly valve.

5
(2) • Ball valve.

6
(2) • Plug valve

7
(2) • Eccentric rotary disc valve.

8
(1) (2) • Diaphragm valve.

9 a)
b)
(2) • Pinch valve.

10
(2) • Bellows sealed valve.

11
(2) • Generic damper.

12 • Generic louver.
(2) • Parallel blade damper.

13 • Parallel blade louver.
(2) • Opposed blade damper.

14 • Opposed blade louver.
- 49 - ANSI/ISA-5.1-2009
Table 5.4.1 — Final control element symbols

(4) • Two-way on-off solenoid valve.

15
(4) • Angle on-off solenoid valve.

16
(4) • Three-way on-off solenoid valve.

17 • Arrow indicates de-energized flow path.
(4) • Four-way plug or ball on-off solenoid valve.

18 • Arrows indicates de-energized flow paths.
(4) • Four-way five-ported on-off solenoid valve.

19 • Arrows indicates de-energized flow paths.
(5) • Permanent magnet variable speed coupling.

20
(6) • Electric motor.

21
ANSI/ISA-5.1-2009 - 50 -
Table 5.4.2 — Final control element actuator symbols

(7) • Generic actuator.

1 • Spring-diaphragm actuator.
(7) • Spring-diaphragm actuator with positioner.

2
(7) • Pressure-balanced diaphragm actuator.

3
(7) • Linear piston actuator.

4 • Single acting spring opposed
• Double acting.
(7) • Linear piston actuator with positioner.

5
(7) • Rotary piston actuator.

6 • May be single acting spring opposed or double acting.
(7) • Rotary piston actuator with positioner.

7
(7) • Bellows spring opposed actuator.

8
(7) • Rotary motor operated actuator.

9 • Electric, pneumatic, or hydraulic.
M • Linear or rotary action.
(7) • Modulating solenoid actuator.

10 S • Solenoid actuator for process on-off valve.
(7) • Actuator with side-mounted handwheel.

11
- 51 - ANSI/ISA-5.1-2009
Table 5.4.2 — Final control element actuator symbols

(7) • Actuator with top-mounted handwheel.

12
(7) • Manual actuator.

13 • Hand actuator.
(7) • Electrohydraulic linear or rotary actuator.

14 E
H
(7) • Actuator with manual actuated partial stroke test device.

15
(7) • Actuator with remote actuated partial stroke test device.

16 S
(8) • Automatic reset on-off solenoid actuator.

17 S • Non-latching on-off solenoid actuator.
(8) • Manual or remote reset on-off solenoid actuator.

18 S • Latching on-off solenoid actuator.
R
(8) • Manual and remote reset on-off solenoid actuator.

19 S • Latching on-off solenoid actuator.
R R
(9) • Spring or weight actuated relief or safety valve actuator.

20
(9) • Pilot actuated relief or safety valve actuator.

P
21 • Pilot pressure sensing line deleted if sensing is internal.
ANSI/ISA-5.1-2009 - 52 -
Table 5.4.3 — Self-actuated final control element symbol

• Automatic flow regulator.

1 • XXX = FCV without indicator.
XXX
• XXX = FICV with integral indicator.
(1) (2) • Variable area flowmeter with integral manual adjusting valve.
2 FICV • Instrument tag bubble required with (b).
(a)
(b)
• Constant flow regulator.

3
FICV
• Flow sight glass.

4 • Type shall be noted if more than one type used.
FG
• Generic flow restriction.

5 • Single stage orifice plate as shown.
FO
• Note required for multi-stage or capillary tube types.
• Restriction orifice hole drilled in valve plug.

6 FO • Tag number shall be omitted if valve is otherwise identified.
• Level regulator.
7 • Ball float and mechanical linkage.
TANK
• Backpressure regulator.
8 • Internal pressure tap.
• Backpressure regulator.
9 • External pressure tap.
- 53 - ANSI/ISA-5.1-2009

• Pressure-reducing regulator.
10 • Internal pressure tap.
• Pressure-reducing regulator.
11 • External pressure tap.
• Differential pressure regulator.

12 • External pressure taps.
• Differential pressure regulator.

13 • Internal pressure taps.
• Pressure-reducing regulator w/ integral outlet pressure relief and pressure gauge.

14
PG
• Generic pressure safety valve.

15 • Pressure relief valve.
• Generic vacuum safety valve.

16 • Vacuum relief valve.
• Generic pressure - vacuum relief valve.

17 • Tank pressure - vacuum relief valve.
• Pressure safety element.

18 • Pressure rupture disk.
• Pressure relief.
• Pressure safety element.

19 • Vacuum rupture disk.
• Vacuum relief.
ANSI/ISA-5.1-2009 - 54 -

• Temperature regulator.
20 • Filled thermal system.
• Thermal safety element.

21 TANK • Fusible plug or disk.
TSE
• Generic moisture trap.

22 • Steam trap.
• Note required for other trap types.
T
• Moisture trap with equalizing line.

23 TANK
T
- 55 - ANSI/ISA-5.1-2009
Table 5.4.4 — Control valve failure and de-energized position indications

No Method A (1) (10) Method B (1) (10) Definition
• Fail to open position.

1
FO
• Fail to closed position.

2
FC
• Fail locked in last position.

3
FL
• Fail at last position.

4 • Drift open.
FL/DO
• Fail at last position.

5 • Drift closed.
FL/DC
ANSI/ISA-5.1-2009 - 56 -
Table 5.5 — Functional diagramming symbols

No Symbol (1) (2) Description
• Measuring, input, or readout device.

1 • [*] = Instrument tag number.
[*] • Symbols from Table 5.2.1 may be used.
(3) (4) • Automatic single-mode controller.

2
(*)
(*)
(3) (4) • Automatic two-mode controller.

3
(*)
(*) (*)
(3) (4) • Automatic three-mode controller.

4
(*)
(*) (*) (*)
(3) (4) • Automatic signal processor.

5
(*)
(4) • Manual signal processor.

6
(*)
(3) (4) • Final control element.

7 • Control valve.
(*)
(3) (4) • Final control element with positioner.

8 • Control valve with positioner.
(*)
- 57 - ANSI/ISA-5.1-2009
Table 5.6 — Signal processing function block symbols

Function Equation
No Definition
Symbol (1) (2) Graph
Summation M = X1 + X2 …+ Xn • Output equals algebraic sum of

1 inputs.
Σ X M
Xn
X2
X1
Σ
t t
Average M = X1 + X2 …+ Xn /n • Output equals algebraic sum of

2 inputs divided by number of inputs.
X M
Σ/n Xn
X2
X1
Σ/n
t t
Difference M = X1 − X2 • Output equals algebraic differ-

3 ence of two inputs.
X M
∆
X1
X2
t t
Multiplication M = X 1 x X2 • Output equals product of two

4 inputs.
X X X1 M
X2
t1 t t1 t
ANSI/ISA-5.1-2009 - 58 -

Function Equation
No Definition
Division M = X1 ÷ X2 • Output equals quotient of two

5 inputs.
÷ X X1 M
X2
÷
t1 t t1 t
Exponential
n
• Output equals nth power of input.
M=X
6
n
X X M
n
X
t t
Root extraction n
M = √X • Output equals nth root of input.
7 • If ‘n’ omitted, square root is
assumed.
n
√⎯ X M
n
√⎯
t t
Proportion M = KX or M = PX • Output proportional to input.

8 • Replace ‘K’ or ‘P’ with ‘1:1’ for
(3) volume boosters.
• Replace ‘K’ or ‘P’ with ‘2:1’, ‘3:1’,
a) K b) P
etc., for integer gains.
X M
(3)
a) K
b) P
t1 t t1 t
- 59 - ANSI/ISA-5.1-2009

Function Equation
No Definition
Reverse proportion M = -KX or M = -PX • Output inversely proportional to

9 input.
(3) • Replace ‘-K’ or ‘-P’ with ‘-1:1’ for
t1 t volume boosters.
a) -K b) -P
• Replace ‘-K’ or ‘-P’ with ‘-2:1’,
X ‘-3:1’, etc., for integer gains.
(3)
a) -K
M
b) -P
t1 t
Integral M = (1/TI)ΙXdt • Output varies with magnitude and

10 time duration of input.
(3) • Output proportional to time
integral of input.
a) ∫ b) I • TI = Integral time constant.
X M
(3)
a) ∫
b) I
t1 t2 t t1 t2 t
Derivative M = TD (dx/dt) • Output proportional to time rate of

11 change of input.
(3) • TD = derivative time constant.
a) d/dt b) D
X M
(3)
a) d/dt
b) D ∫ t1 t t1 t
Unspecified function M = ƒ(x) • Output is a nonlinear or

12 unspecified function of the input.
• Function defined in note or other
text.
ƒ(x)
X M
ƒ(x)
t t
ANSI/ISA-5.1-2009 - 60 -

Function Equation
No Definition
Time function M = Xƒ(t) • Output equals a nonlinear or

13 unspecified time function times
the input.
• Output is a nonlinear or
unspecified time function.
ƒ(t) X M • Function defined in note or other
text.
ƒ(t)
t1 t t1 t
Conversion I = P, P = I, etc • Output signal type different from

14 that of input signal.
• Input signal is on the left and
output signal is on the right.
• Substitute any of the following
I/P X M signal types for ‘P’ or ‘I’:
• A = Analog H = Hydraulic
• B = Binary I = Current
• D = Digital O = Electromagnetic
• E = Voltage P = Pneumatic
I/P • F = Frequency R = Resistance
t t
M = X1 for X1 >X2 • Output equals greater of 2 or

High signal select
15 M = X2 for X1 ≤ X2 more inputs.
> X
X1
M
> X2
t1 t t1 t
M = X1 for X2 >X1 >X3 or X3 >X1 >X2 Output equals middle value of three or
16 Middle signal select M = X2 for X1 >X2 >X3 or X3 >X2 >X1 more inputs.
M = X3 for X1 >X3 >X2 or X2 >X3 >X1
M X X2 M
X1
X3
M
t t
- 61 - ANSI/ISA-5.1-2009

Function Equation
No Definition
M = X1 for X1 ≤ X2 • Output equals lesser of 2 or more

Low signal select
17 M = X2 for X1 ≥ X2 inputs.
X M
< X1
X2
<
t1 t t1 t
M = X for X ≤ H • Output equals the lower of the

High limit
18 M = H for X ≥ H input or high limit values.
X M
>
H
>
t1 t t1 t
M = X for X ≥ L • Output equals the higher of the

Low limit
19 M = L for X ≤ L input or low limit values.
M
<
X
<
t1 t t1 t
M = X1 + b • Output equal to input plus an

Positive bias
20 M = [-]X2 + b arbitrary value.
+ X X2 X1 M
+
t1 t2 t t1 t2 t
ANSI/ISA-5.1-2009 - 62 -

Function Equation
No Definition
M = X1 - b • Output equal to input minus an

Negative Bias
21 M = [-]X2 - b arbitrary value.
− X
X2 X1
M
−
t1 t2 t t1 t2 t
dM/dt = dX/dt for dX/dt ≤ H, M = X • Output equals input as long as the

Velocity limiter
22 dM/dt = H for dX/dt ≥ H, M ≠ X input rate of change does not
exceed the limit value that
(3) establishes the output rate of
a) b) > X
dX/dt>H
M
dM/dt=H change until the output again
equals the input.
(3)
a)
b) > t1 t2,3 t t1 t2 t3 t
(State 1) M = 0 @ X < H • Output state is dependent on

High signal monitor
23 (State 2) M = 1 @ X ≥ H value of input.
• Output changes state when input
is equal to or higher than an
arbitrary high limit.
H X M
H
State State
t t1 t
t1
(State 1) M = 1 @ X ≤ L • Output state is dependent on
Low signal monitor
24 (State 2) M = 0 @ X > L value of input.
• Output changes state when input
is equal to or lower than an
arbitrary low limit.
L X M
State State
L
L
t1 t t1 t
- 63 - ANSI/ISA-5.1-2009

Function Equation
No Definition
(State 1) M = 1 @ X ≤ L • Output states are dependent on

25 High/low signal monitor (State 2) M = 0 @ L < X < H value of input.
(State 3) M = 1 @ X ≥ H • Output changes state when input
is equal to or lower than an
arbitrary low limit or equal to or
higher than an arbitrary high limit.
HL X M
H
State State State
L
HL
t1 t2 t t1 t2 t
Analog signal generator No equation • Output equals a variable analog

26 signal that is generated:
A a.Automatically and is
not adjustable by operator.
No graph
b. Manually and is adjustable
A by operator.
Binary signal generator No equation • Output equals an on-off binary

27 signal that is generated:
B a. .Automatically and is
not adjustable by operator.
No graph
b. Manually and is adjustable
B by operator.
(State 1) M = X1 • Output equals input that is

Signal transfer
28 (State 2) M = X2 selected by transfer.
• Transfer actuated by external
X X1 M signal.
X2 State
T State
t1 t t1 t
Analog signal transfer
X M
X1
X2
State State
T
t1 t t1 t
Binary signal transfer
ANSI/ISA-5.1-2009 - 64 -
Table 5.7 — Binary logic symbols

Function Definition (1)
No
Symbol
Truth Table (1) Graph
AND gate • Output true only if all inputs are true.

• Alternate symbol. (2) (3)
1
A A
B B
A
C O C A O
N
D
X X
A B C X O
1 0 0 0 0 0
2 1 0 0 0 0 1
3 0 1 0 0 0 A 0
4 0 0 1 0 0
5 0 0 0 1 0 B
6 1 1 0 0 0
7 1 0 1 0 0 C
8 1 0 0 1 0
9 0 1 1 0 0 X
10 0 1 0 1 0
11 0 0 1 1 0
12 1 1 1 0 0 O
13 1 1 0 1 0
14 1 0 1 1 0 t
15 0 1 1 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
16 1 1 1 1 1
OR gate • Output true if any input is true.

• Alternate symbol. (2) (3)
2
A A
B B
C OR O C O O
X X
A B C X O
1 0 0 0 0 0
2 1 0 0 0 1 1
3 0 1 0 0 1 A 0
4 0 0 1 0 1
5 0 0 0 1 1 B
6 1 1 0 0 1
7 1 0 1 0 1 C
8 1 0 0 1 1
9 0 1 1 0 1 X
10 0 1 0 1 1
11 0 0 1 1 1
12 1 1 1 0 1 O
13 1 1 0 1 1 t
14 1 0 1 1 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
15 0 1 1 1 1
16 1 1 1 1 1
- 65 - ANSI/ISA-5.1-2009

No
Symbol
NAND gate • Output true only if all inputs are false.

• Output false if any input is true.
3
A
N
B
C A
O
N
X D
A B C X O
1 0 0 0 0 1
2 1 0 0 0 0
3 0 1 0 0 0 1
4 0 0 1 0 0 A 0
5 0 0 0 1 0
6 1 1 0 0 0 B
7 1 0 1 0 0
C
8 1 0 0 1 0
9 0 1 1 0 0
X
10 0 1 0 1 0
11 0 0 1 1 0
12 1 1 1 0 0
O
13 1 1 0 1 0
14 1 0 1 1 0 t
15 0 1 1 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
16 1 1 1 1 0
NOR gate • Output true if any input is false.

• Output false if any input is true.
4
A
B
C NOR O
A B C X O
1 0 0 0 0 1
2 1 0 0 0 1
1
3 0 1 0 0 1
A 0
4 0 0 1 0 1
5 0 0 0 1 1
B
6 1 1 0 0 1
7 1 0 1 0 1
C
8 1 0 0 1 1
9 0 1 1 0 1
X
10 0 1 0 1 1
11 0 0 1 1 1
12 1 1 1 0 1 O
13 1 1 0 1 1
14 1 0 1 1 1 t
15 0 1 1 1 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
16 1 1 1 1 0
ANSI/ISA-5.1-2009 - 66 -

No
Symbol
Qualified OR gate • Output true if number of true inputs is greater than or equal to ‘n’.
Greater or equal to ‘n’ • Truth table and graph are for n = 2.
5
A
B
C ≥n O
A B C X O
1 0 0 0 0 0
2 1 0 0 0 0 1
3 0 1 0 0 0 A 0
4 0 0 1 0 0
5 0 0 0 1 0 B
6 1 1 0 0 1
7 1 0 1 0 1 C
8 1 0 0 1 1
9 0 1 1 0 1 X
10 0 1 0 1 1
11 0 0 1 1 1
12 1 1 1 0 1 O
13 1 1 0 1 1 t
14 1 0 1 1 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
15 0 1 1 1 1
16 1 1 1 1 1
Qualified OR gate • Output true if number of true inputs is greater than ‘n’.
Greater than ‘n’ • Truth table and graph are for n = 2.
6
A
B
C >n O
A B C X O
1 0 0 0 0 0
2 1 0 0 0 0 1
3 0 1 0 0 0 A 0
4 0 0 1 0 0
5 0 0 0 1 0 B
6 1 1 0 0 0
7 1 0 1 0 0 C
8 1 0 0 1 0
9 0 1 1 0 0 X
10 0 1 0 1 0
11 0 0 1 1 0
12 1 1 1 0 1 O
13 1 1 0 1 1
14 1 0 1 1 1 t
15 0 1 1 1 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
16 1 1 1 1 1
- 67 - ANSI/ISA-5.1-2009

No
Symbol
Qualified OR gate • Output true if number of true inputs is less than or equal to ‘n’.
Less or equal to ‘n’ • Truth table and graph are for n = 2.
7
A
B
C ≤n O
A B C X O
1 0 0 0 0 1
2 1 0 0 0 1
3 0 1 0 0 1 1
4 0 0 1 0 1 A 0
5 0 0 0 1 1
6 1 1 0 0 1 B
7 1 0 1 0 1
8 1 0 0 1 1 C
9 0 1 1 0 1
10 0 1 0 1 1 X
11 0 0 1 1 1
12 1 1 1 0 0
13 1 1 0 1 0 O
14 1 0 1 1 0 t
15 0 1 1 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
16 1 1 1 1 0
Qualified OR gate • Output true if number of true inputs is less than ‘n’.
Less than ‘n’ Truth table and graph are for n = 2.
8
A
B
C <n O
•
A B C X O
1 0 0 0 0 1
2 1 0 0 0 1 1
3 0 1 0 0 1 A 0
4 0 0 1 0 1
5 0 0 0 1 1 B
6 1 1 0 0 0
7 1 0 1 0 0 C
8 1 0 0 1 0
9 0 1 1 0 0 X
10 0 1 0 1 0
11 0 0 1 1 0
12 1 1 1 0 0 O
13 1 1 0 1 0
14 1 0 1 1 0 t
15 0 1 1 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
16 1 1 1 1 0
ANSI/ISA-5.1-2009 - 68 -

No
Symbol
Qualified OR gate • Output true if number of true inputs is equal to ‘n’.

Equal to ‘n’ • Truth table and graph are for n = 2.
9
A
B
C =n O
A B C X O
1 0 0 0 0 0
2 1 0 0 0 0
1
3 0 1 0 0 0
A 0
4 0 0 1 0 0
5 0 0 0 1 0
B
6 1 1 0 0 1
7 1 0 1 0 1
C
8 1 0 0 1 1
9 0 1 1 0 1
X
10 0 1 0 1 1
11 0 0 1 1 1
12 1 1 1 0 0 O
13 1 1 0 1 0
14 1 0 1 1 0 t
15 0 1 1 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
16 1 1 1 1 0
Qualified OR gate • Output true if number of true inputs is not equal to ‘n’.
Not equal to ‘n’ • Truth table and graph are for n = 2.
10
A
B
C ≠n O
A B C X O
1 0 0 0 0 1
2 1 0 0 0 1
3 0 1 0 0 1 1
4 0 0 1 0 1 A 0
5 0 0 0 1 1
6 1 1 0 0 0 B
7 1 0 1 0 0
8 1 0 0 1 0 C
9 0 1 1 0 0
10 0 1 0 1 0 X
11 0 0 1 1 0
12 1 1 1 0 1
13 1 1 0 1 1 O
14 1 0 1 1 1
t
15 0 1 1 1 1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
16 1 1 1 1 1
- 69 - ANSI/ISA-5.1-2009

No
Symbol
NOT gate • Output false if input true.

• Output true if input false.
11
A NOT O
1
A O A 0
1 0
O 1
0 1
0
t
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
Basic memory • Outputs [C] and [D] are always opposite.

• If input [A] equals (1) then output [C] equals (1) and output [D] equals (0).
12 • If input [A] changes to (0) output [C] remains (1) until input [B] equals (1) then output [C]
equals (1) and output [D] equals (0).
A S C • If input [B] equals (1) then output [D] equals (1) and output [C] equals (0).
• If input [B] changes to (0) output [D] remains (1) until input [A] equals (1), then output [D]
B R D equals (1) and output [C] equals (0).
• If inputs [A] and [B] are simultaneously equal to (1) then outputs [C] and [D] change state.
1
A B C D A 0
1 0 0 0 1
2 1 0 1 0 B
3 0 0 1 0
4 0 1 0 1 C
5 0 0 0 1
6 1 1 1 0 D
7 0 0 1 0
8 1 1 0 1 t
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Set dominant memory • Outputs [C] and [D] are always opposite.
A So C • If input [B] equals (1) then output [D] equals (1) and output [C] equals (0).
B R D equals (1) and output [C] equals (0).
• If inputs [A] and [B] are simultaneously equal to (1) then output [C] equals (1) and output
[D] equals (0).
1
A B C D A 0
1 0 0 0 1
2 1 0 1 0 B
3 0 0 1 0
4 0 1 0 1 C
5 0 0 0 1
6 1 1 1 0 D
7 0 0 1 0
8 1 1 1 0 t
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
ANSI/ISA-5.1-2009 - 70 -

No
Symbol
Reset dominant memory • Outputs [C] and [D] are always opposite.
S • If input [B] equals (1) then output [D] equals (1) and output [C] equals (0).
A C
B Ro D equals (1) and output [C] equals (0).
• If inputs [A] and [B] are simultaneously equal to (1) then output [C] equals (0) and output
[D] equals (1).
1
A B C D A 0
1 0 0 0 1
2 1 0 1 0 B
3 0 0 1 0
4 0 1 0 1 C
5 0 0 0 1
6 1 1 0 1 D
7 0 0 0 1
8 1 1 0 1 t
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Pulse duration - fixed • Output [O] changes from (0) to (1) and remains (1) for prescribed time duration (t) when
input [I] changes from (0) to (1).
15
I t PD O
1
I 0
O
NONE
t t
Time delay - off • Output [O] changes from (0) to (1) when input [I] changes from (0) to (1).
• Output [O] changes from (1) to (0) after input [I] changes from (1) to (0) and has been
16 equal to (0) for time duration (’t).
I t DT O
1
I 0
O
NONE
t t
t
- 71 - ANSI/ISA-5.1-2009

No
Symbol
Time delay - on • Output [O] changes from (0) to (1) after input [I] changes from (0) to (1) and [I] remains (1)
for prescribed time duration (t).
17 • Output [O] remains (1) until Input [I] changes to (0) or optional Reset [R] changes to (1).
I t GT O
1
I 0
NONE O
t t t
R
t
Pulse duration - variable • Output [O] changes from (0) to (1) when input [I] changes from (0) to (1).
• Output [O] changes from (1) to (0) when Input [I] has been equal to (1) for time duration (t),
18 Input [I] changes from (1) to (0), or optional Reset [R] changes to (1).
I t LT O
1
I 0
NONE O
t t t
R
t
ANSI/ISA-5.1-2009 - 72 -
Table 5.8 — Electrical schematic symbols

• Device wiring point.

1 • Device wiring terminal.
(2) • Normally open single circuit momentary pushbutton switch.

2 • Form A switch contact.
• Stack symbols to form multi-pole switches.
• Combine with symbols 5 or 6 to form toggle or rotary actuated switches.
(2) • Normally closed single circuit momentary pushbutton switch.

3 • Form B switch contact.
• Combine with symbols 5 or 6 to form toggle or rotary actuated switches.
(2) • Normally closed/normally open double circuit momentary pushbutton switch.

4 • Form C switch contact.
• Combine with symbols 5 or 6 to form toggle or rotary actuated switches
(3) • Two-position toggle or rotary maintained position pushbutton switch actuator.

5 • Combine with symbols 2, 3, and 4 to form single or multi-pole switches.
(3) • Three-position toggle or rotary maintained position pushbutton switch actuator.

6 • Combine with symbols 2, 3, and 4 to form single or multi-pole switches.
(4) • Single-pole normally open toggle switch.

7 • Form A switch contact.
• Combine with symbols 10 thru 15.
(4) • Single-pole normally closed toggle switch.

8 • Form B switch contact.
(4) • Double pole normally closed /normally open toggle switch.

9 • Form C switch contact.
• Rotary selector switch.

10
- 73 - ANSI/ISA-5.1-2009

(5) • Pressure switch actuator.

11
(5) • Differential pressure switch actuator.

12
(5) • Liquid level switch actuator.

13
(5) • Temperature switch actuator.

14
(5) • Flow switch actuator.

15
(5) • Foot switch actuator.

16
• Relay operating coil.

17 • (*) = Relay designator, such as:
(*) • a. Instrument tag number if assigned.
• b. RO1, RO2, R4, R5, MR10, etc.
• Normally open relay contact.

18 • Form A contact.
• Normally closed relay contact.

19 • Form B contact.
• Normally open, normally closed relay contact.

20 • Form C contact.
ANSI/ISA-5.1-2009 - 74 -

• On time delay.
21 • Moves after relay coil is energized and set time has elapsed.
(*) • (*) = Set time.
• Off time delay.

22 • Moves after relay coil de-energizes and set time has elapsed.
(*) • (*) = Set time.
• Transformer.
23 • (*) = Rating, 220/120 Vac or Vdc, etc.
(*)
(6) • Fuse, non-resettable.

24 • (*) = Rating, 2 A, 5 A, etc.
a) (*) b) (*)
• Thermal overload.
25
• Circuit interrupter, 1-pole, manual reset.

26 • (*) = Rating, 10 A, 15 A, etc.
(*)
• Circuit interrupter, 3-pole, manual reset.

27 • (*) = Rating, 15 A, 20 A, etc.
(*)
• Circuit breaker, 1-pole, manual reset.

28 (*) • (*) = Rating, 20A, 30A, etc.
• Circuit breaker, 3-pole, manual reset.

29 (*) • (*) = Rating, 20 A, 25 A, etc.
• Bell.
30
- 75 - ANSI/ISA-5.1-2009

• Horn or siren.
31
• Buzzer.
32
• Solenoid coil.
33
• Pilot light.
34
• Battery
35
• Ground
36
(6) • Connection conventions a) and b):

37 Left = Not connected.
a) Right = Connected.
b)
ANSI/ISA-5.1-2009 - 76 -
6 Graphic symbol dimension tables

6.1 Graphic symbols dimension tables
6.1.1 The following tables provide measurement units for dimensioning the geometric shapes that are
required to construct the graphic symbols.
6.1.2 The shapes in the tables are drawn twice their normal minimum size for clarity.
6.1.3 Symbols shall be drawn to a:
a) Larger size, by increasing the dimensional unit, when required reduction of an original
drawing or document results in an illegible diagram.
b) Smaller size, by decreasing the dimensional unit, when required by space limitations of
an original drawing or document.
6.1.4 All the symbols shown in Clause 5 are not individually dimensioned, but the geometric shapes
required to construct all the symbols from the graphic symbol tables are included.
6.1.5 The traditional minimum size for device and function symbols from Table 6.1, a 7/16-inch (10.5-
millimeter) circle, may be increased to a less commonly used 1/2-inch (12-millimeter) circle.
6.2 Measurement units
6.2.1 The dimensions are represented by measurement units (m.u.) that, as a minimum, shall have
equivalent dimensions equal to:
a) One-sixteenth inch (1/16 inch or 0.0625 inch).
b) One and one-half millimeters (1.50 millimeters).
6.2.2 Symbols drawn in any full size diagram shall be the product of the symbol’s geometric shape m.u.
times a selected equivalent dimension equal to or greater than the minimum equivalent dimension.
6.2.3 Lettering shown is the minimum size allowed for full size symbols.
6.3 Dimensions for graphic symbol tables explanatory notes
6.3.1 Table 6.1 — Dimensions for measurement and control instrumentation device or function
symbols, Tables 5.1.1 and 5.1.2
(1) Dimension in parentheses is for 1/2-inch (12-millimeter) option for generic circle symbol.
6.3.2 Table 6.2 — Dimensions for measurement symbols: primary elements and transmitters, Tables
5.2.1, 5.2.2, 5.2.3, 5.2.4, and 5.2.5
(1) Dimension in parentheses is for 1/2-inch (12-millimeter) option for generic circle symbol.
(2) Size as required by size of vessel as drawn or depth of application.

- 77 - ANSI/ISA-5.1-2009
(3) Dip tube shown, show as required for other devices.
6.3.3 Table 6.3 — Dimensions for line symbols, Tables 5.3.1 and 5.3.2
(1) Recommended maximum signal line thickness.
(a) Signal lines are never thicker than process and equipment lines.
(2) Recommended minimum process and equipment line thickness for instrument sketches.
(3) Clearance around symbol shall be equal to half the width of the symbol.
6.3.4 Table 6.4 — Dimensions for final control elements, Tables 5.4.1, 5.4.2, 5.4.3, and 5.4.4.
(1) Table does not require any additional notes.
6.3.5 Table 6.5 — Dimensions for functional diagramming symbols, Table 5.5
(1) Graphics shown for top-to-bottom signal flow.
(2) Rotate graphics 90 degrees counterclockwise for left-to-right signal flow.
6.3.6 Table 6.6 — Dimensions for signal processing function block symbols, Table 5.6
(1) Small square graphic is used with graphics from Table 6.1.
(2) Large rectangular graphic is used with graphics from Table 6.5.
6.3.7 Table 6.7 — Dimensions for binary logic symbols, Table 5.7
(1) Input connection line dimensions are the minimum for:
(a) Five inputs.
(b) Three inputs.
(c) Two inputs.
(2) Two m.u.’s shall be added for each additional input
(3) Minimum spacing between inputs.
(4) Output signal line shall be centered on symbol.
6.3.8 Table 6.8 — Dimensions for electrical schematic symbols, Table 5.8
(1) Table does not require any additional notes.

ANSI/ISA-5.1-2009 - 78 -
Table 6.1 — Dimensions for Tables 5.1.1 and 5.1.2

7[8] (1)
5.5
2[2.5] (1)
7
1 7[8] (1) 9
0.5
6
2
6 1 4.5
6
4 3
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Table 6.2 — Dimensions for Tables 5.2.1, 5.2.2, 5.2.3, 5.2.4, and 5.2.5
7[8] (1) 4 6
2
3 5
4 1.5
3
1
2 1
2 4
4
1 1 2 3
1.25 4
1.5
4 5 1.25
1
1.5
0.5
6 6 4 6
1
1
2 2 2 2 4 3.5
3
2
1.5
1
2 1 2 2
2
4 2 2 3 2
1 2
1 2
2 4
• 2
1 4
3 5
1.5
2
1.5
1.5 2
6 3
1.5 6 0.5 (3) 7
(2)
0.75 1
0.67
1
1
4
6
6 6
7 3 1
5 2
4
4 2
ANSI/ISA-5.1-2009 - 80 -
Table 6.3 — Dimensions for Tables 5.3.1 and 5.3.2

Min = 8 2
1 1 1
Max = 32 0.4 (2)
0.2 (1)
2
1
Min = 1 Min = 0.5

Max = 1.5 Max = 0.75
2 2 1 1 1 4 4
2 2
0.5 (3) 0.5 0.5 2 2

1 1
9[10]Xt
1
Min = 1 Min = 0.5 6

As req’d
Max = 1.5 Max = 0.75
7[8] (1)
(ST) 1.5 4
Max = 16 Max = 16
Min = 8 Min = 8
6
- 81 - ANSI/ISA-5.1-2009
Table 6.4 — Dimensions for Tables 5.4.1, 5.4.2, 5.4.3, and 5.4.4
(1) 2 1.5 2 1
2 1.5 2R 1.5R 2
3
4 4
2 4
1 3
1 2
0.5
1 3 4
3
3 3 2 0.5
1
2 1.5
4.5 5 3
5
2 1
4 2
3
2.5 1
3 4 3.5 1
4.5 2
1
2.8 1 1
3.5
6 3
1.5
4.
3. 3.5 3.5 3.5
3. 1
0.5
0.75 0.5 4 1
0.5 1
2
M 4
3 4
1 5
P 2 4
0.75
1
ANSI/ISA-5.1-2009 - 82 -
Table 6.5 — Dimensions for Table 5.5

(1) (2)
7
4
9
9 4.5 3
6 6
12

(1) (2)
1 4.5
6
3
- 83 - ANSI/ISA-5.1-2009

4.5
1 3
4 (4)
8 (1c)
2 (3) 6.5 5
10 (2)
(1b)
(1a) 1
(2) 1
(2)
(4)
3
9
4.5
4.5 4.5
9
4.5
ANSI/ISA-5.1-2009 - 84 -

(1)
2
5 2
1 4
2 2
2
6 2
1 2 4
5 1
0.5
4
8 1 1
1
1
2
1 2 2
1.5 2
4 1
1.5 1
4
2
4
6 4 2
2
2 2
6
2 1 1 1
0.5
1 2
1 1
3 2
0.5 1 4 2
4 2
2 4
4
2 1 6
1 2 2 7
4
0.5
1 1
2
1
2 2
(1) 0.5 (1) (1)
1
(1) (1)
2 2
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Annex A Identification system guidelines (informative annex)

A.1 Identification system
A.1.1 This informative annex to the standard describes a common and almost universally used
Identification System for monitoring and control instrument devices and functions that is logical,
unique, and consistent in application with a minimum of exceptions, special uses, or
requirements.
A.1.2 An identification system is required to identify instrumentation in text and in sketches and
drawings when used with graphic symbols as described in Annex B.
A.1.3 The Identification System provides methods for identifying instrumentation required to monitor,
control, and operate a processing plant, unit operation, boiler, machine, or any other system that
requires measurement, detection, indication, control, modulation, and/or switching of variables or
states.
A.1.4 The methods shown are based on the most common ones now in use in the chemical and
refining process industries.
A.1.5 Any different methods in use in these industries should be:
a) Revised to conform to this annex.
b) Submitted to ISA (email to [email protected]) to determine if they are to be:
1) Included in the next revision of this standard.
A.1.6 ISA should be advised of differences that are normal practice in other industries so that these
methods can be incorporated into the next revision of this standard.
A.1.7 A multi-component monitor or control loop consists of some or all of the following (as indicated):
a) Measurement or detection of process variable or state (monitor and control):
1) Measurement element, such as an orifice plate or thermocouple.
2) Measurement transmitter or indicator:
a) With an integral-measuring element, such as a pressure-actuated

transmitter or gauge.
b) With a non-integral-measuring element, such as a thermocouple-

actuated temperature transmitter or gauge.
b) Conditioning of measurement or input signal (monitor and control):
1) Calculating devices.
2) Calculating functions.
c) Monitoring of process variable (monitor):
1) Indicating or recording device.

ANSI/ISA-5.1-2009 - 86 -
2) Application software display function.
d) Controlling of process variable (control):
1) Indicating or recording control device.
2) Application software control function.
e) Conditioning of controller or output signal (control):
1) Calculating devices.
2) Calculating functions.
f) Modulation of controlled variable (control):
1) Control valve modulation or on-off action.
2) Resetting another control loop setpoint.
3) Limiting another control loop output signal.
A.1.8 A loop number is assigned to each group of components required to perform the desired function
of the monitor or control scheme.
A.1.9 A single component monitor or control loop consists of some or all of the following:
a) Self-acting measuring and control devices, such as pressure or temperature control

valves.
b) Self-acting measuring and control devices, such as pressure or temperature safety

valves.
c) Single point monitoring devices, such as pressure or temperature gauges.
A.1.10 Each single component may be assigned:
a) A unique loop number, indexed with the plant instrumentation.
b) An instrument tag number, indexed separate from the primary plant instrumentation.
c) A coded type number.
A.2 Instrument index
A.2.1 Loop Identification Numbers and Instrument Identification/Tag Numbers are recorded in an
Instrument Index that should be maintained for the life of the facility for the recording and control
of all documents and records pertaining to the loops and their instrumentation and functions.
A.2.2 An Instrument Index should contain references to all instrumentation data required by owner
and/or government regulatory agency management of change requirements and contain, as a
minimum for each loop:
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a) Loop Identification Number.
b) Service Description.
c) Instrument Identification/Tag Numbers.
d) Piping and Instrumentation Diagram drawing numbers.
e) Instrument Data Sheet numbers.
f) Location Plan drawing numbers.
g) Installation Detail drawing numbers.
A.3 Loop identification and instrument identification/tag numbers
A.3.1 Loop Identification Numbers are unique combinations of letters and numbers that are assigned to
each monitoring and control loop in a facility to identify the process or machine variable that is
being monitored or controlled.
A.3.2 Instrument Identification/Tag Numbers are unique combinations of letters and numbers that are
formed by adding letters to the Loop Identification Number to define the purpose of each loop
device and/or function that comprises a monitoring or control loop.
A.3.3 Instrument Identification/Tag Numbers are also called Instrument Identification Number,
Instrument Tag Number, Instrument Number, or Tag Number.
A.3.4 Examples of Loop Identification and Instrument Identification/Tag Numbers for a typical loop with
references to sub-clauses relevant to the components of the Loop and Instrument Identification
/Tag Numbers are given in Table A.1 — Typical Loop and Instrument Identification/Tag Numbers.
A.4 Loop identification number
A.4.1 A Loop Identification Number is a unique combination of letters and numbers that is assigned to
each monitoring and control loop in a facility to identify the process or machine variable that is
being monitored or controlled and should be assigned to each:
a) Primary monitoring and control loop.
b) Self-contained measuring or control device.
c) Secondary measuring or monitoring device if future primary loops are anticipated or if it is

the standard practice of the User.
A.4.2 Loop Identification Numbers assigned, as the basis for Instrument Identification/Tag Numbers to
auxiliary or accessory devices, should be the same as the loop for which the devices are
required.
A.4.3 Loop Identification Numbers are assigned:
a) First Letters from Table 4.1 to identify loop Measured/Initiating Variables.

ANSI/ISA-5.1-2009 - 88 -
b) Numerals to form a unique loop identity.
c) Optional loop suffixes to identify identical loops on identical pieces of equipment or

services.
A.5 Loop identification number letters
A.5.1 Loop Identification Number letters should be selected from Table 4.1 to identify the loop
Measured/Initiating Variable according to one of the following methods selected by the end user:
a) Measured/Initiating Variable: only a Measured/Initiating Variable is selected, such as

analysis [A], flow [F], level [L], pressure [P], temperature [T], etc.
b) Measured/Initiating Variable with Variable Modifier: a Measured/Initiating Variable and,

when applicable, a Variable Modifier is selected, such as analysis [A], flow [F], flow quantity
[FQ], level [L], pressure [P], differential pressure [PD], temperature [T], differential temperature
[TD], etc.
c) First-Letters: a Measured/Initiating Variable and, when applicable, a Variable Modifier,

only if the resulting First-Letter combination defines a loop variable that can be measured
directly, such as pressure differential [PD] as opposed to one that is mathematically derived,
such as flow ratio [FF].
A.5.2 A Measured/Initiating Variable in combination with the safety Variable Modifier [S] is always
treated as a loop variable in each of the preceding selection methods to identify self-acting
devices intended to protect against emergency conditions that may be hazardous to plant
personnel, plant equipment, or the environment.
A.5.3 A Measured/Initiating Variable is selected according to the physical or mechanical property that is
being measured, derived or initiates an action and not according to the construction or mode of
actuation of the measuring device or the property or the action it initiates:
a) A loop that controls pressure in a vessel by manipulating gas or vapor flow to or from the
vessel is a pressure [P] loop and not a flow [F] loop.
b) A loop that measures pressure differential across:
1) An orifice plate from which flow rate is calculated is a flow [F] loop and not a
pressure [P] or pressure differential [PD] loop.
2) A fluid interface in a vessel is a level [L] loop and not a pressure [P] or pressure
differential [PD] loop.
3) A filter bed or element is a pressure [P] or pressure differential [PD]-loop.
A.6 Loop identification number numerals
A.6.1 Loop Identification Number numerals should be assigned to loop measured variable letters
according to one of the following methods selected by the end user:
- 89 - ANSI/ISA-5.1-2009
a) Parallel: duplicated numerical sequences for each loop variable letter or first letter
combination.
b) Serial: single numerical sequence regardless of loop variable letter or first letter
combination.
c) Parallel/Serial: parallel sequences for selected loop variable letters or first letter
combinations and a serial sequence for the remainder.
A.6.2 Loop Number numerical sequences are normally three or more digits, -*01, -*001, -*0001, etc.
where the asterisk * can be :
a) Any digit from zero to 9.
b) Coded digits related to drawing numbers, unit numbers, equipment numbers, etc.
A.6.3 *00, *000, *0000, etc. should be used only for special, significant, or critical loops as defined by
the User.
A.6.4 000, 0000, 00000, etc. should not be used
A.6.5 Loop Identification letters and numbers should be assigned in accordance with one of the
following Loop Numbering Schemes:
a) No. 1 Parallel – Measured/Initiating Variable.
b) No. 2 Parallel – Measured/Initiating Variable with Variable Modifier.
c) No. 3 Parallel – First Letter(s).
d) No. 4 Series – Measured/Initiating Variable.
e) No. 5 Series – Measured/Initiating Variable with Variable Modifier.
f) No. 6 Series – First Letter(s).
g) No. 7 Parallel/Series – Measured/Initiating Variable.
h) No. 8 Parallel/Series – Measured/Initiating Variable with Variable Modifier.
i) No. 9 Parallel/Series – First Letter(s).
A.6.6 Gaps should be left in any sequence to allow for the addition of future loops.
A.6.7 See Table A.2 — Allowable letter/number combinations for, loop numbering schemes for
examples of typical Loop Number assignments.
A.7 Optional loop number prefixes
A.7.1 Loop Number Prefixes consisting of any combination of alpha/numeric characters that may be
added to Loop Numbers to identify loop location, such as a complex, plant, or unit should be
located before the Measured/Initiating Variable, for example, a flow loop in processing plant #1
might be [PP1-F*01].
ANSI/ISA-5.1-2009 - 90 -
A.7.2 Loop Number Prefixes should:
a) Not necessarily be shown on drawings or indexes but covered by a general note on a

legend sheet or a note on each drawing or index sheet.
b) Be shown for all uses on drawings when more than one prefix is required by loops shown
on the drawing.
c) Be shown when used in text.
A.8 Instrument identification/tag number
A.8.1 An Instrument Identification/Tag Number is a unique combination of letters and numbers that is
assigned to define the purpose of each loop device and/or function that comprises a monitoring or
control loop.
A.8.2 Adding a Variable Modifier, if needed, and Succeeding Letters to the Loop Identification Number
letters forms an Instrument Identification/Tag Number.
A.8.3 Instrument Identification/Tag Numbers may also be called Instrument Identification Number,
Instrument Tag Number, Instrument Number, or Tag Number.
A.9 Function identification letters
A.9.1 Instrument Function Identification letters should be selected from Table 4.1, Identification Letters,
and added to the Loop Identification Number letters to form an Instrument Functional Identity.
A.9.2 The sequence of letters in a Functional Identification should be in the same left-to-right order as
the columns in Table 4.1:
a) Measured or Initiating Variable, from Column 1.
b) Modifier, if required, from Column 2.
c) Passive Readout Function, from Column 3.
d) Active Output Function, from Column 4.
e) Modifier(s), if required, from Column 5.
A.9.3 Functional Identifications should use one Readout/Passive Function or one Output/Active
Function to identify each device or function except, as is common for:
a) Indicating /recording controller/switch instruments or functions in which one Passive

Function, indicate [I] or record [R] and one Active Function, control [C] or switch [S], is
combined to form, for example, pressure recording controller [PRC], or low-pressure indicating
switch [PISL].
b) Self-actuated control valves, in which two Active Functions control [C] and valve [V] are
combined to form, for example, pressure control valve [PCV].
- 91 - ANSI/ISA-5.1-2009
A.9.4 The number of letters in a Functional Identification should be sufficient to fully describe the
functionality of the device or function being identified, but generally should not exceed eight.
A.9.5 Function Modifiers designate the relative value of the measured or initiating variable that actuates
the instrument or function, for example for Function Modifier low [L]:
a) [PSL-*01] indicates actuation by a pressure below a setpoint, normally used to indicate a

process level that requires operator intervention to prevent a process trip or other unwanted
result.
b) [PSLL-*01] indicates actuation below a setpoint lower than the previous example,
normally used to indicate a process level that resulted in a process trip.
A.9.6 A device or function common to two or more loops should be assigned a Loop Identification Letter
for the loop which actuates the instrument:
a) A solenoid valve that is actuated by a high level switch [LSH] to trip a flow control valve
[FV] is assigned to the level [L] loop as an [LY] and not to the flow [F] loop as an [FY].
b) A high signal select device or function that selects the higher signal from a flow [F] loop
and a high level [L] override loop is assigned to the flow [F]-loop as an [FY] and not to the
level [L] loop as an [LY].
A.9.7 For allowable function letter combinations see tables:
a) A.3.1 — Allowable succeeding letter combinations for readout/passive function letters.
b) A.3.2 — Allowable succeeding letter combinations for output/active function letters.
A.10 Loop number and instrument/tag number suffixes
A.10.1 A Loop Number Suffix may be added to a Loop Number to identify identical loops on identical
equipment in the same processing unit when the service or equipment is assigned the same
equipment identification number with a suffix, such as reactors, heat exchangers, and pumps.
A.10.2 A Loop Suffix may use alphabetic or numeric characters according to User/Owner established
practice and should be located after the Loop Identification Number as illustrated in Table A.1.
A.10.3 A Loop Suffix may be located after the Loop Letters when user, owner, computer, or
microprocessor information systems will not allow alphabetic or additional numeric characters in
the numerical part of an identification number:
A.10.4 An Identification/Tag Number Suffix should be added to Instrument Identification/Tag Numbers in

the loop to designate two or more similar devices or functions:
a) Case 1 – in different services, such as control valves that direct flow to different places,
or auxiliary devices, such as those that perform different functions.
b) Case 2 – in the same service, such as control valves that direct flow to the same place,
or auxiliary devices, such as those that perform the same function.
A.10.5 Additional Identification/Tag Number Suffixes should be added when two or more similar devices
or functions are also duplicated, using alternating alpha/numeric characters.
ANSI/ISA-5.1-2009 - 92 -
A.10.6 For examples of Loop Number and Instrument/Tag Number Suffixes, see Table A.4.
A.11 Optional punctuation marks in identification numbers
A.11.1 Punctuation marks, hyphens, slashes, etc., may be used to separate sections of identification
numbers as required by:
a) User/Owner.
b) Database management system.
c) Control system application software.
A.11.2 Punctuation is recommended for use between:
a) An alphabetic Loop Number prefix and Measured/Initiating Variable letters: [AB-P*05].
b) Loop Number numerals and a numeric Loop Number suffix: [AB-P*05-1, AB-P*05-2],
c) Loop Number numerals and Tag Number suffix: [10-P*05-A1A or 10-P*05-1A1]
d) A Loop Number suffix and Tag Number suffix: [10PT*05A-A or 10PT*05-1-A].
A.11.3 Punctuation is optional for use between:
a) A Numeric Loop Number prefix and Measured/Initiating Variable letter: [10-P*05].
b) A Measured /Initiating Variable letter and Loop Number numerals: [10P*-05].
A.11.4 Punctuation should not be used between:
a) Loop Number numerals and an alphabetic Loop Number suffix: [10P*05A].
b) Additional Tag Number suffixes: [10PV*05A-A1A].
A.11.5 Backslashes are normally used between Functional Identification letters for multifunction devices
when used in text, [TR⁄TSH-*108].
A.12 Multivariable, multifunction, and multipoint loops
A.12.1 Loops that have more than one input and/or output are classified as:
a) Multivariable: when two or more Measured/Initiating Variables of the same or different

kinds generate one Output/Active Function and one or more Readout/Passive Functions.
b) Multifunction: when one Measured/Initiating Variable generates two or more

Output/Active or Readout/Passive Functions.
c) Multivariable/multifunction: when two or more Measured/Initiating Variables of the same

or different kinds generates two or more Output/Active or Readout/Passive Functions..
- 93 - ANSI/ISA-5.1-2009
d) Multipoint: when two or more Measured/Initiating Variables of the same or different kinds
generate two or more Readout/Passive Functions.
A.12.2 Multivariable Loop Number assignments using pressure [P-*07], temperature [T-*03], and speed
[S-*02] loops, for example, should be either:
a) Alphabetically ordered Measured/Initiating Variables with Loop Number numerals the

same as or different from the leading Measured/Initiating Variable: [PTS-*07] or [PTS-*10].
b) Multivariable Measured/Initiating Variable [U]: [U-*01]
A.12.3 Multivariable Loop components should be assigned Instrument/Tag Numbers as an example for:
a) Inputs: [PT-*07], [TT-*03], and [ST-*02].
b) Output: either [PTSV*07], [PTSV-*10], or [UV-*01].
A.12.4 Multifunction Instrument/Tag Number assignments using a flow [F] loop with indicating [I],
controlling [C], and switching [S] functions, for example, should be either [FICS-*05].or [FU-*05].
A.12.5 Multivariable/multifunction Loop Number assignments using flow [F-*05], pressure [P-*07],
temperature [T-*03], and speed [S-*02] loops, for example, should be either:
a) Alphabetically ordered Measured/Initiating Variables with Loop Number numerals the

same as or different from the leading Measured/Initiating Variable: [FPTS-*05] or [FPTS-*10].
b) Multivariable Measured/Initiating Variable [U]: [U-*01]
A.12.6 Multivariable/Multifunction Loop components should be assigned Instrument/Tag Numbers as an

example for:
a) Inputs: [FT-*05], [PT-*07], [TT-*03], and [ST-*02].
b) Output: either [PTSV*07] or [PTSV-*10], and [FV-*05], or [UV-*01A] and [UV-*01B].
A.12.7 Multipoint Loop and Instrument/Tag Number identification letter assignments for :
a) Single Measured/Initiating Variable, using temperature [T] as an example, should be:
1) Loop Number: [T-*11].
2) Input: [TE-*11-01], [TE-*11-02], etc. or [TJE]-*11-01, [TJE-*11-02], etc.
3) Readout: [TI-*11] or [TJI-*11]
4) Readout point; [TI-*11-01], [TI-*11-02], etc. [TJI-*11-01], [TJI-*11-02], etc.
b) Multiple Measured/Initiating Variables, using pressure [P] and temperature [T] as an

example, should be:
1) Loop Number: [PT-*11] or [U-*01].
2) Input: [PT-*11-01], [TE-*11-02], etc. or [PJT-*11-01], [TJE-*11-02], etc.
3) Readout: [PTI-*11] or [PTJI-01] or [UI-*01] or [UJI-*01].

ANSI/ISA-5.1-2009 - 94 -
4) Readout point: [PI-11-01], [TI-11-02], etc. or [PJI-11-01], [TJI-11-02], etc.
A.13 Secondary, auxiliary, and accessory instrumentation
A.13.1 Secondary instrumentation, such as level glasses, pressure gauges, and thermometers, may be
assigned either:
a) An Instrument Identification/Tag Number which should be either of:
1) LG-*01, PG-*01, TG-*01, etc.
2) LI-*01, PI-*01, TI-*01, etc.
b) A generic identification number that defines the instrument type and range which should
be either of:
1) LG-24 – 0-24in, PG-200 – 0-200psig, TG-250 – 0-250degF.
2) LI-24 – 0-24in, PI-200 – 0-200psig, TI-250 – 0-250degF.
A.13.2 Readout/Passive Function letter for glass, gauge, or viewing device [G] is recommended for use
for flow glasses [FG], level glasses or gauges [LG], pressure gauges [PG], thermometers [TG],
etc., to avoid database management problems with primary flow indicators [FI], level indicators
[LI], pressure indicators [PI], temperature indicators [TI], etc.
A.13.3 Current common usage is [FG] and [LG] for flow and level and [PI] and [TI] for pressure and
temperature.
A.13.4 Auxiliary instrumentation, such as signal computing and converting relays, solenoid valves, and
analyzer sample conditioning units, are identified by a loop Measured/Initiating Variable and the
Output/Active Function [Y], as in, [FY], [PY], etc.
A.13.5 Instrumentation accessories, such as flowmeter runs, purge meters, air sets, seal pots, etc., that
may or may not be explicitly shown on a diagram should be tagged in the Instrument index.
A.13.6 A purge meter for pressure transmitter [PT-*23] may be tagged:
a) With the Instrument Identification/Tag Number of the instrument they serve followed by a
word or phrase, that describes their function, for example: [PT-*23 PURGE].
b) With an Instrument Identification/Tag Number as a component of the loop: [PX-*23] with

a note outside the bubble or in the note section of the drawing describing its use.
c) As a secondary instrument:
1) [FI-*11] if not controlling purge flow.
2) [FICV-*11] if controlling purge flow.
A.13.7 Assignment of a tag number to an accessory;
a) Means that it must be listed in the instrument index.

- 95 - ANSI/ISA-5.1-2009
b) Does not mean that it must be shown on a P&ID.
c) Means that it must be tagged on a P&ID if shown.
A.13.8 The identification methods chosen for a project should be documented in the Owners or Users
engineering and design standards and guidelines and on a drawing or document legend sheet.
A.14 System identification
A.14.1 Instrumentation is often assembled into systems for various reasons, such as ease of purchase,
ease of application, and compatibility, and these systems may need to be identified on drawings
and in text.
A.14.2 Some of the more common instrumentation systems and the system codes often used to identify
them are:
a) ACS = Analyzer Control System
b) BMS = Burner Management System
c) CCS = Computer Control System
d) CEMS = Continuous Emissions Monitoring System
e) DCS = Distributed Control System
f) MMS = Machine Monitoring System
g) PCCS = Personal Computer Control System
h) PLC = Programmable Logic Controller
i) SIS = Safety Instrumented System
j) VMS = Vibration Monitoring System
A.14.3 Suffixes may be added to the instrumentation system codes [SC]:
a) [SC 1, SC 2], etc., when more than one system is used in a complex.
b) [SC-M, SC-L], when main and local systems are used in a unit.
c) [SC-‘unit identifier’], when system is dedicated to a single unit in a multi-unit facility.
A.15 Identification system guideline tables
A.15.1 Identification System guideline tables are based on the most common usages to be found in the
chemical and refining process industries.
A.15.2 The tables are intended to be a guide to constructing such tables based on a User’s actual
requirements.
ANSI/ISA-5.1-2009 - 96 -
A.15.3 Loops are based on the variable being measured and not on the variable being manipulated.
A.15.4 Instrument tag numbers are based on the loop number and the functionality required of the loop
components.
A.16 Identification system guideline table explanatory notes
The following notes, indicated in Tables A.1, A.2, A.3, and A.4 by parentheses, are used as an aid in
understanding the meanings and usage of the lettering.
A.16.1 Table A.1 — Typical Loop and Instrument Identification/Tag Numbers
(1) Replace asterisk in Loop Numbers with any digit from 0 to 9 or any combination of digits.
(2) Numbers in brackets indicate sub-clause relevant to line description.
A.16.2 Table A.2 — Allowable letter/number combinations for loop numbering schemes.
(1) First Letters do not include all possibilities.
(2) Replace asterisk in Loop Number with any digit from 0 to 9 or any combination of numerals.
(3) Variable Modifier safety instrumented system [Z] is technically not a direct-measured variable but
is used to identify loops in a Safety Instrumented System. And because of the critical nature of
such loops, any Measured/Initiating Variable followed by [Z], such as [FZ], [PZ], and [TZ], should
be considered as Measured/ Initiating Variables in all Loop Identification Number construction
schemes
(a) An alternate method for identifying Safety Instrumented System loops is to append [(SIS)]
outside the bubbles of Safety Instrumented System loops and as a prefix or suffix to the Loop
Number when used in text. For example, Loop Numbers for pressure and temperature loops in an
SIS may be [(SIS)PZ-*01] or [TZ-*09(SIS)].
(4) Users should assign, as needed, meanings to:
(a) Users Choice Measured/Initiating Variable letters [C], [D], [G], [M], [N], and [O].
(b) Variable Modifier letter blanks [A], [B], [C], [E], [G], [H], [I], [L], [M], [N], [O], [P], [R], [T],
[U], [V], and [W].
(5) Variable Modifier safety [S] is technically not a direct-measured variable but is used to identify
self-actuated emergency protective primary and final control elements only when used in
conjunction with Measured/Initiating Variables flow [F], pressure [P] or temperature [T]. And
because of the critical nature of such devices, [FS], [PS], and [TS] should be considered as
Measured/ Initiating Variables in all Loop Identification Number construction schemes:
(a) Shall not be used to identify Safety Instrumented Systems and components.
(6) Measured/Initiating Variables [V], [W], or [Z] when used in a Safety Instrumented System and:
(a) Not axially oriented should use [VZ], [WZ], and [ZZ] as Measured/Initiating Variables.
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(b) Axially oriented should use [VZX], [VZY], [VZZ], and [WZX], [WZY], [WZZ] and [ZZX],
[ZZY], [ZZZ] as Measured/Initiating Variables.
A.16.3 Tables A.3.1 and A.3.2 — Allowable succeeding letter combinations for readout/passive and
output/active function letters and first-letters.
(1) Cells marked NA indicate not allowable combinations.
(2) First Letters are assigned according to Table A.2.
(3) Function Modifiers are added where indicated to right of alarm function combinations.
(4) Users should assign, as needed, meanings to:
(a) Users Choice Function letters [B] and [N].
(b) Readout/Passive Function blanks [C], [D], [F], [H], [J], [K], [M], [S], [T], [V], [Y], and [Z].
(c) Output/Active Function blanks [A], [D], [E], [F], [G], [H], [I], [J], [L], [M], [O], [P], [Q], [R],
and [W].
(d) Function Modifier blanks [A], [E], [F], [G], [I], [J], [K], [P], [Q], [T], [U], [V], [W], [Y], and [Z].
(5) Readout/Passive Function [G] (glass, gauge) is used for local direct connected devices, such as
flow sight glasses, level glasses, pressure gauges, thermometers weigh scales and position
indicators. These devices provide a simple view of a process condition.
(a) Readout/Passive Function [I] (indicate) may continue to be used in facilities where it is
currently used.
(6) Pressure rupture disc [PSE] and fusible link [TSE] apply to all sensors or primary elements
intended to protect against emergency pressure or temperature conditions.
(7) The combinations in the [C] column are used for:
(a) Discrete single case instruments that do not have operator-visible indication of measured
variable, setpoint, or output signal.
(b) Controller functions configured in shared display, shared control systems where
indication and recording are configurable functions available on demand.
(8) The combinations in the [IC] and [RC] columns indicate the order to be followed in forming the
Functional Identification of a controller device or function that also provides indication or
recording.
(9) The combinations in the [CV] column indicate the order to be followed in forming the Functional
Identification for self-actuated control valves.
(10) Flow safety valve [FSV] applies to valves intended to protect against an emergency excess flow
or loss of flow condition. Pressure safety valve [PSV], and temperature safety valve [TSV] apply
to valves intended to protect against emergency pressure and temperature conditions
(11) A self-actuated pressure valve that prevents operation of a fluid system at a higher-than-desired
pressure by bleeding fluid from the system is a backpressure control valve [PCV], even if the
valve is not normally used.
ANSI/ISA-5.1-2009 - 98 -
(a) This valve should be designated a pressure safety valve [PSV] if it protects against
emergency conditions hazardous to personnel and/or equipment that are not expected to arise
normally.
A.16.4 Table A.4 — Loop and Identification Tag Number suffixes
(1) Replace asterisk in Loop Numbers with any digit from 0 to 9 or any combination of numerals.
(2) Punctuation shown is recommended.
(3) Case 1 and Case 2 may be reversed or a single case may be used for all applications.
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Table A.1 — Typical Loop and Instrument Identification/Tag Numbers

Note: Numbers in parentheses refer to explanatory notes in Clause A.16.1.
Example: Differential pressure loop with a low alarm.
Typical Measured/Initiating Variable Loop Number – 10-P-*01A (1)

(Loop Numbering Schemes: 1, 4, or 7)
10 - P - *01 A Loop Identification Number [A.4] (2)
A A Loop Number Suffix [A.10]
*01 *01 Loop Identification Number numerals [A.6]
- - Optional Punctuation [A.11]
P P Measured/Initiating Variable letter [A.5]
10 10 Loop Number Prefix [(A.7)]
Typical First Letters Loop Number – AB-PD-*01A (1)
(Loop Numbering Schemes: 2, 3, 5 , 6, 8, or 9)
AB - P D - *01 A Loop Identification Number [A.4] (2)
D D Variable Modifier letter [A.5]
P D PD First Letters [A.5]
- - Recommended Punctuation [A.11]
AB AB Loop Number Prefix [A.7]
Typical Instrument Identification/Tag Number – 10-PDAL-*01A-1A1 (1)
10 - P D A L - *01 A - 1 A1 Instrument Identification/Tag Number [A.8] (2)

A1 Additional Tag Number Suffixes [A.10]
1 1 First Tag Number Suffix [A.10]
- - - Recommended Punctuation [A.11]
L L Function Modifier letter [A.9]
A A Function Identification letter [A.9]
A L AL Succeeding Letters [A.9]
D D Variable Modifier letter (if required) [A.5]
P D A L - PDAL Function Identification letters [A.9]
10 10 Loop Number Prefix [A.7]
ANSI/ISA-5.1-2009 - 100 -
Table A.2 — Allowable letter/number combinations for loop numbering schemes

First Letters (1) Scheme 1 Scheme 2 Scheme 3 Scheme 4 Scheme 5 Scheme 6 Scheme 7 Scheme 8 Scheme 9
Parallel (2) Serial (2) Parallel (2) Serial (2) Parallel (2) Serial (2) Parallel (2) Serial (2)
Measured/Initiating Variables Meas / Init Variable First Letters Meas / Init Variable First Letters Measured/Initiating Variable First Letters
w/ and w/o Modifiers (4b) w/o Mod. w/Mod. w/o Mod. w/Mod. w/o Modifiers w/Modifiers
A Analysis A-*01 A-*01 A-*01 A-*01 A-*01 A-*01 A-*01 A-*01 A-*01
AZ Analysis(SIS) (3) AZ-*02 AZ-*01 AZ-*02 AZ-*02 AZ-*02 AZ-*01
B Burner, Combustion B-*01 B-*01 B-*01 B-*02 B-*03 B-*03 B-*01 B-*01 B-*01
BZ Burner, Combustion(SIS) (3) BZ-*02 BZ-*01 BZ-*04 BZ-*04 BZ-*02 BZ-*02
C User’s Choice (4a) C-*01 C-*01 C-*01 C-*03 C-*05 C-*05 C-*02 C-*03 C-*03
D User’s Choice (4a) D-*01 D-*01 D-*01 D-*04 D-*06 D-*06 D-*03 D-*04 D-*04
E Voltage E-*01 E-*01 E-*01 E-*05 E-*07 E-*07 E-*04 E-*05 E-*05
EZ Voltage(SIS) (3) E-*02 EZ-*01 EZ-*08 E-*08 EZ-*06 EZ-*06
F Flow, Flow Rate F-*01 F-*01 F-*09 F-*09 F-*01 F-*01
FF Flow Ratio FF-*02 FF-*01 FF-*10 FF-*10 FF-*02 FF-*01
FQ Flow Total F-*01 FQ-*03 FQ-*01 F-*06 FQ-*11 FQ-*11 F-*01 FQ-*03 FQ-*01
FS Flow Safety (5) FS-*04 FS-*01 FS-*12 FS-*12 FS-*04 FS-*01
FZ Flow(SIS) (3) FZ-*05 FZ-*01 FZ-*13 FZ-*13 FZ-*05 FZ-*01
G User’s Choice (4a) G-*01 G-*01 G-*01 G-*07 G-*14 G-*14 G-*05 G-*07 G-*07
H Hand H-*01 H-*01 H-*01 H-*08 H-*15 H-*15 H-*06 H-*08 H-*08
HZ Hand(SIS) (3) HZ-*01 HZ-*01 HZ-*16 HZ-*16 HZ-*09 HZ-*09
I Current I-*01 I-*01 I-*01 I-*09 I-*17 I-*17 I-*07 I-*10 I-*10
IZ Current(SIS) (3) IZ-*02 IZ-*01 IZ-*18 IZ-*18 IZ-*11 IZ-*11
J Power J-*01 J-*01 J-*19 J-*19 J-*12 J-*12
JQ Power Totalize J-*01 JD-*02 JD-*01 J-*10 JD-*20 JD-*20 J-*08 JQ-*13 JQ-*13
JZ Power(SIS) (3) JZ-*03 JZ-*01 JZ-*21 JZ-*21 JZ-*14 JZ-*14
K Time, Schedule K-*01 K-*01 K-*01 K-*11 K-*22 K-*22 K-*09 K-*15 K-*15
KQ Time Totalize KQ-*02 KQ-*01 KQ-*23 KQ-*23 KQ-*16 KQ-*16
L Level L-*01 L-*01 L-*01 L-*12 L-*24 L-*24 L-*01 L-*01 L-*01
LZ Level(SIS) (3) LZ-*02 LZ-*01 LZ-*25 LZ-*25 LZ-*02 LZ-*01
M User’s Choice (4a) M-*01 M-*01 M-*01 M-*13 M-*26 M-*26 M-*10 M-*17 M-*17
N User’s Choice (4a) N-*01 N-*01 N-*01 N-*14 N-*27 N-*27 N-*11 N-*18 N-*18
O User’s Choice (4a) O-*01 O-*01 O-*01 O-*15 O-*28 O-*28 O-*12 O-*19 O-*19
P Pressure P-*01 P-*01 P-*29 P-*29 P-*01 P-*01
PD Pressure Differential PD-*02 PD-*01 PD-*30 PD-*30 PD-*02 PD-*01
PF Pressure Ratio PF-*03 PF-*01 PF-*31 PF-*31 PF-*03 PF-*01
PJ Pressure Scan P-*01 PJ-*04 PJ-*01 P-*16 PJ-*32 PJ-*32 P-*01 PJ-*04 PJ-*01
PK Pressure Rate of Change PK-*05 PK-*01 PK-*33 PK-*33 PK-*05 PK-*01
PS Pressure Safety (5) PS-*06 PS-*01 PS-*34 PS-*34 PS-*06 PS-*01
PZ Pressure(SIS) (3) PZ-*07 PZ-*01 PZ-*35 PZ-*35 PZ-*07 PZ-*01
Q Quantity Q-*01 Q-*01 Q-*01 Q-*17 Q-*36 Q-*36 Q-*13 Q-*20 Q-*20
QQ Quantity Totalize QQ-*02 QQ-*01 QQ-*37 QQ-*37 QQ-*21 QQ-*21
R Radiation R-*01 R-*01 R-*38 R-*38 R-*22 R-*22
RQ Radiation Totalize R-*01 RQ-*02 RQ-*01 R-*18 RQ-*39 RQ-*39 R-*14 RQ-*23 RQ-*23
RZ Radiation(SIS) (3) RZ-*03 RZ-*01 RZ-*40 RZ-*40 RZ-*24 RZ-*24
S Speed, Frequency S-*01 S-*01 S-*01 S-*19 S-*41 S-*41 S-*15 S-*25 S-*25
SZ Speed(SIS) (3) SZ-*02 SZ-*01 SZ-*42 SZ-*42 SZ-*26 SZ-*26
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T Temperature T-*01 T-*01 T-*43 T-*43 T-*01 T-*01
TD Temperature Differential TD-*02 TD-*01 TD-*44 TD-*44 TD-*02 TD-*01
TF Temperature Ratio TF-*03 TF-*01 TF-*45 TF-*45 TF-*03 TF-*01
TJ Temperature Scan T-*01 TJ-*04 TJ-*01 T-*20 TJ-*46 TJ-*46 T-*01 TJ-*04 TJ-*01
TK Temperature Rate of Change TK-*05 TK-*01 TK-*47 TK-*47 TK-*05 TK-*01
TS Temperature Safety (5) TS-*06 TS-*01 TS-*48 TS-*48 TS-*06 TS-*01
TZ Temperature(SIS) (3) TZ-*07 TZ-*01 TZ-*49 TZ-*49 TZ-*06 TZ-*06
U Multivariable U-*01 U-*01 U-*50 U-*50 U-*27 U-*27
UJ Multivariable Scan U-*01 UJ-*02 UJ-*01 U-*21 UJ-*51 UJ-*51 U-*16 UJ-*28 UJ-*28
UZ Multivariable(SIS) (3) UZ-*03 UZ-*01 UZ-*52 UZ-*52 UJ-*29 UJ-*29
V Vibration, Machinery Analysis V-*01 V-*01 V-*53 V-*53 V-*30 V-*30
VZ Vibration(SIS) (3) (6a) VZ-*02 VZ-*01 VZ-*54 VZ-*54 VZ-*31 VZ-*31
VX Vibration X-Axis VX-*03 VX-*01 VX-*55 VX-*55 VX-*32 VX-*32
VY Vibration Y-Axis V-*01 VY-*04 VY-*01 V-*22 VY-*56 VY-*56 V-*17 VY-*33 VY-*33
VZ Vibration Z-Axis VZ-*05 VZ-*01 VZ-*57 VZ-*57 VZ-*34 VZ-*34
VZX Vibration X-Axis(SIS) (3) (6b) VZX-*06 VZX-*01 VZX-*58 VZX-*58 VZX-*35 VZX-*35
VZY Vibration Y-Axis(SIS) (3) (6b) VZY-*07 VZY-*01 VZY-*59 VZY-*59 VZY-*36 VZY-*36
VZZ Vibration Z-Axis(SIS) (3) (6b) VZZ-*08 VZZ-*01 VZZ-*60 VZZ-*60 VZZ-*37 VZZ-*37
W Weight, Force W-*01 W-*01 W-*61 W-*61 W-*38 W-*38
WZ Force(SIS) (3) (6a) WZ-*02 WZ-*01 WZ-*62 WZ-*62 WZ-*39 WZ-*39
WD Weight Differential WD-*03 WD-*01 WD-*63 WD-*63 WD-*40 WD-*40
WF Weight Ratio WF-*04 WF-*01 WF-*65 WF-*65 WF-*41 WF-*41
WK Weight Loss (Gain) WK-*05 WK-*01 WK-*66 WK-*66 WK-*42 WK-*42
WQ Weight Total W-*01 WQ-*06 WQ-*01 W-*23 WQ-*67 WQ-*67 W-*18 WQ-*43 WQ-*43
WX Force X Axis WX-*07 WX-*01 WX-*68 WX-*68 WX-*44 WX-*44
WY Force Y Axis WY-*08 WY-*01 W-Y*69 W-Y*69 WY-*45 WY-*45
WZ Force Z Axis WZ-*09 WZ-*01 WZ-*70 WZ-*70 WZ-*46 WZ-*46
WZX Force X Axis(SIS) (3) (6b) WZ-*10 WZX-*01 WZX-*71 WZX-*71 WZX-*47 WZX-*47
WZY Force Y Axis(SIS) (3) (6b) WZX-*11 WZY-*01 WZY-*72 WZY-*72 WZY-*48 WZY-*48
WZZ Force Z Axis(SIS) (3) (6b) WZY-*12 WZZ-*01 WZZ-*73 WZZ-*73 WZZ-*49 WZZ-*49
X Unclassified X-*01 X-*01 X-*01 X-*24 X-*74 X-*74 X-*19 X-*50 X-*50
Y Event, State, Presence Y-*01 Y-*01 Y-*01 Y-*25 Y-*75 Y-*75 Y-*20 Y-*51 Y-*51
YZ Event, State(SIS) (3) YZ-*02 YZ-*01 YZ-*76 YZ-*76 YZ-*52 YZ-*52
Z Position, Dimension Z-*01 Z-*01 Z-*01 Z-*26 Z-*77 Z-*77 Z-*21 Z-*53 Z-*53
ZZ Position(SIS) (3) (6a) ZZ-*02 ZZ-*01 ZZ-*78 ZZ-*78 ZX-*54 ZX-*54
ZX Position X Axis ZX-*03 ZX-*01 ZX-*79 ZX-*79 ZY-*55 ZY-*55
ZY Position Y Axis ZY-*04 ZY-*01 ZY-*80 ZY-*80 ZZ-*56 ZZ-*56
ZZ Position Z Axis ZZ-*05 ZZ-*01 ZZ-*81 ZZ-*81 ZZ-*57 ZZ-*57
ZZX Position X Axis(SIS) (3) (6b) ZZX-*06 ZZX-*01 ZZX-*82 ZZX-*82 ZZX-*58 ZZX-*58
ZZY Position Y Axis(SIS) (3) (6b) ZZY-*07 ZZY-*01 ZZY-*83 ZZY-*83 ZZY-*59 ZZY-*59
ZZZ Position Z Axis(SIS) (3) (6b) ZZZ-*08 ZZZ-*01 ZZZ-*84 ZZZ-*84 ZZZ-*60 ZZZ-*60
ZD Position Difference ZD-*09 ZD-*01 ZD-*85 ZD-*85 ZD-*61 ZD-*61
ZDX Position Difference X Axis ZDX-*10 ZDX-*01 ZDX-*86 ZDX-*86 ZDX-*62 ZDX-*62
ANSI/ISA-5.1-2009 - 102 -

ZDY Position Difference Y Axis ZDY-*11 ZDY-*01 ZDY-*87 ZDY-*87 ZDY-*63 ZDY-*63
ZDZ Position Difference Z Axis ZDZ-*12 ZDZ-*01 ZDZ-*88 ZDZ-*88 ZDZ-*64 ZDZ-*64
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Table A.3.1 — Allowable succeeding letter combinations for readout/passive functions (1) (4b)
First Letters (2) A B E G I L N O P Q R W X
Absolute Function Deviation User’s Primary Gauge, User’s Orifice, Point Integrate, Well, Unclass-
Measured/Initiating Variables Alarm Modifier Alarm Choice Element Glass
Indicate Light Choice Restrict- (Test Total
Record
Probe ified
w/ and w/o Modifiers A [*] (3) (4d) AD (4a) (4a) ion Conn.)
A Analysis AA[*] [*] = AAD[*] AE NA AI AL NA AP NA AR AW AX
AZ Analysis(SIS)) AZA[*] Alarm NA AZE NA AZI AZL NA AZP NA AZR AZW NA
B Burner, Combustion BA[*] and other BAD[*] BE BG BI BL NA BP NA BR BW BX
BZ Burner, Comb(SIS) BZA[*] Function NA BZE NA BZI BZL NA BZP NA BZR BZW NA
C User’s Choice Modifier
D User’s Choice
E Voltage EA[[*] None EAD[*] EE EG EI EL EO EP NA ER NA EX
EZ Voltage(SIS) EZA[*] NA EZE NA EZI EZL NA EZP NA EZR EZW NA
F Flow, Flow Rate FA[*] High-High FAD[*] FE FG FI FL FO FP FQ FR NA FX
FF Flow Ratio FFA[* HH FFAD[*] FFE NA FFI NA NA NA NA FFR NA FFX
FQ Flow Total FQA[*] High FQAD[*] FQE NA FQI NA NA NA NA FQR NA FQX
FS Flow Safety NA H NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
FZ Flow(SIS) FZA[*] Middle NA FZE NA FZI FZL NA FZP NA FZR FZW NA
G User’s Choice M
H Hand HA[*] Low NA NA NA HI NA NA NA NA HR NA HX
HZ Hand(SIS) HZA[*] L NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA HZR NA NA
I Current IA[*] Low-Low IAD[*] IE IG II IL IO IP NA IR NA IX
IZ Current(SIS) IZA[*] LL NA IZE NA IZI IZL NA IZP NA BZR BZW NA
J Power JA[*] JAD[*] JE JG JI JL JO JP JQ JR NA JX
JQ Power Totalize JQA[*] Open NA JE NA JQI NA JP NA JQR NA JQX
JZ Power(SIS) JZA[*] O NA JZE NA JZI JZL NA JZP NA JZR NA NA
K Time, Schedule KA[*] Close KAD[*] NA KG KI KL NA NA KQ KR NA KX
KQ Time Totalize KQA[*] C NA NA KQG KQI KQL NA NA NA KQR NA KQX
L Level LA[*] LAD[*] LE LG LI LL NA LP NA LR LW LX
LZ Level(SIS) LZA[*] NA LZE NA LZI LZL NA LZP NA BZR BZW NA
Run
M User’s Choice
R
N User’s Choice
Stop
O User’s Choice
S
P Pressure PA[*] PAD[*] PE PG (5) PI PL NA PP NA PR NA PX
PD Pressure Differential PDA[*] PDAD[*] PDE PDG (5) PDI PDL NA NA NA PDR NA PDX
PF Pressure Ratio PFA[*] Unclassified PFAD[*] PE NA PFI NA NA NA NA PFR NA PFX
PJ Pressure Scan PJA[*] X NA PE NA NA NA NA NA NA PJR NA NA
PK Pressure Rate of Change PKA[*] PKAD[*] PE NA PKI PKL NA NA NA PKR NA PKX
PS Pressure Safety NA NA PSE (6) NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
PZ Pressure(SIS) PZA[*] NA PZE NA PZI PZL NA PZP NA BZR BZW NA
Q Quantity QA[*] QAD[*] QE NA QI QL NA NA QQ QR NA QX
QQ Quantity Totalize QQA[*] NA QE NA QQI QQL NA NA NA QQR NA QQX
R Radiation RA[*] RAD[*] RE RG RI RL NA RP RQ RR NA RX
RQ Radiation Totalize RQA[*] NA RE NA RQI RQL NA NA NA RQR NA RQX
RZ Radiation(SIS) RZA[*] NA RZE NA RZI RZL NA RZP NA BZR BZW NA
S Speed, Frequency SA[*] SAD[*] SE SG SI SL NA SP NA SR NA SX
SZ Speed(SIS) SZA[*] NA SZE NA SZI SZL NA SZP NA BZR BZW NA
ANSI/ISA-5.1-2009 - 104 -
Record
Probe ified
T Temperature TA[*] TAD[*] TE TG (5) TI TL NA TP NA TR TW TX
TD Temperature Differential TDA[*] TDAD[*] TDE TDG (5) TDI TDL NA NA NA TDR NA TDX
TF Temperature Ratio TFA[*] TFAD[*] TE NA TFI NA NA NA NA TFR NA TFX
TJ Temperature Scan TJA[*] NA TJE NA TJI NA NA NA NA TJR NA TJX
TK Temperature Rate of TKA[*] TKAD[*] TE NA TKI NA NA NA NA TKR NA TKX
TS Temperature Safety NA NA TSE (6) NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
TZ Temperature(SIS) TZA[*] NA TZE NA TZI TZL NA TZP NA TZR TZW NA
U Multivariable UA[*] NA NA NA UI NA NA NA NA UR NA UX
UJ Multivariable Scan UJA[*]] NA NA NA UJI NA NA NA NA UJR NA UJX
UZ Multivariable(SIS) UZA[*] NA UZE NA UZI UZL NA UZP NA UZR UZW NA
V Vibr., Mach. Analysis VA[*] VAD[*] VE VG VI VL NA VP NA VR NA VX
VZ Vibration(SIS) VZA[*] NA VZE NA VZI VZL NA NA NA VZR NA NA
VX Vibration X-Axis VXA[*] VXAD[*] VXE VXG VXI VXL NA VXP NA VXR NA VXX
VY Vibration Y-Axis VYA[*] VYAD[*] VYE VYG VYI VYL NA VYP NA VYR NA VYX
VZ Vibration Z-Axis VZA[*] VZAD[*] VZE VZG VZI VZL NA VZP NA VZR NA VZX
VZX Vibration X-Axis(SIS) VZA[*] NA VZE NA VZI VZL NA VZP NA VZR NA NA
VZY Vibration Y-Axis(SIS) VZA[*] NA VZE NA VZI VZL NA VZP NA VZR NA NA
VZZ Vibration Z-Axis(SIS) VZA[*] NA VZE NA VZI VZL NA VZP NA VZR NA NA
W Weight, Force WA[*] WAD[*] WE WG WI WL NA NA NA WR NA WX
WZ Force(SIS) WZA[*] NA WZE NA NA NA NA NA NA XR NA NA
WD Weight Differential WDA[*] WDAD[*] WE NA WDI WDL NA NA NA WDR NA WDX
WF Weight Ratio WFA[*] WFAD[*] WE NA WFI NA NA NA NA WFR NA WFX
WK Weight Loss (Gain) WKA[*] WKAD[*] WE NA WKI WQL NA NA NA WKR NA WKX
WQ Weight Total WQA[*] WQAD[*] WE NA WQI NA NA NA NA WQR NA WQX
WX Force X Axis WXA[*] WXAD[*] WXE NA WXI WXL NA NA NA WXR NA WXX
WY Force Y Axis WAY[*] WYAD[*] WYE NA WAI WYL NA NA NA WAR NA WAX
WZ Force Z Axis WZA[*] WZAD[*] WZE NA WZI WZL NA NA NA WZR NA WZX
WZX Force X Axis(SIS) WZXA[*] NA WZE NA WZI WZXL NA WZXP NA WZXR NA NA
WZY Force Y Axis(SIS) WZYA[*] NA WZE NA WZI WZYL NA WZYP NA WZYR NA NA
WZZ Force Z Axis(SIS) WZZA[*] NA WZE NA WZI WZZL NA WZZP NA WZZR NA NA
X Unclassified XA[*] XAD[*] XE XG XI XL NA XP XQ XR XW XX
Y Event, State, Presence YA[*] NA YE NA YI YL NA NA NA YR NA YX
YZ Event, State(SIS) YZA[*] NA YZE NA YZI YZL NA NA NA YZR NA YZX
Z Position, Dimension ZA[*] ZAD[*] ZE ZG ZI ZL NA NA NA ZR NA ZX
ZZ Position(SIS) ZZA[*] NA ZZE NA ZZI ZZL NA NA NA ZZR NA NA
ZX Position X Axis ZXA[*] ZXAD[*] ZXE ZXG ZXI ZXL NA NA NA ZXR NA ZXX
ZY Position Y Axis ZYA[*] ZYAD[*] ZYE ZYG ZYI ZYL NA NA NA ZYR NA ZYX
ZZ Position Z Axis ZZA[*] ZZAD[*] ZZE NA ZZI ZZL NA NA NA ZZR NA ZZX
ZZX Position X Axis(SIS) ZZXA[*] NA ZZXE NA ZZXI ZZXL NA ZZXP NA ZZXR NA NA
ZZY Position Y Axis(SIS) ZZYA[*] NA ZZYE NA ZZYI ZZYL NA ZZYP NA ZZYR NA NA
ZZZ Position Z Axis(SIS) ZZZA[*] NA ZZZE NA ZZZI ZZZL NA ZZZP NA ZZZR NA NA
ZD Position Difference ZDA[*] ZDAD[*] ZDE ZDG ZDI ZDL NA NA NA ZDR NA ZDX
ZDX Position Difference X Axis ZDXA[*] ZDXAD[*] ZDXE ZDXG ZDXI ZDXL NA NA NA ZDXR NA ZDXX
- 105 - ANSI/ISA-5.1-2009
Record
Probe ified
ZDY Position Difference Y Axis ZDYA[*] ZDYAD[*] ZDYE ZDYG ZDYI ZDYL NA NA NA ZDYR NA ZDYX
ZDZ Position Difference Z Axis ZDZA[*] ZDZAD[*] ZDZE ZDZG ZDZI ZDZL NA NA NA ZDZR NA ZDZX
ANSI/ISA-5.1-2009 - 106 -
Table A.3.2 — Allowable succeeding letter combinations for output/active function letters (1) (4b2)
Note: Numbers in parentheses refer to explanatory notes in A.16.3.
First Letters B C K N S T U V X Y Z
User’s Control Indicate Record Control User’s Function Indicating Recording Valve Compute,
Control Switch Transmit Multi- Unclass- Actuator,
Measured/Initiating Variables Choice Control Control Valve Choice Modifier Transmit Transmit Damper Convert
Station function ified Drive
w/ and w/o Modifiers (4a) C (7) IC (8) RC (8) CV (9) (4a) S [*] (3) (4d) T IT RT Louver Relay
A Analysis AC AIC ARC NA AK AS[*] [*] = AT AIT ART AU AV AX AY AZ
AZ Analysis(SIS)) AZC AZIC AZRC NA NA AZS[*] Function AST NA NA AZU AZV NA AZY AZZ
B Burner, Combustion BC BIC BRC NA BK BS[*] Modifier BT BIT BRT BU BV BX BY BZ
BZ Burner, Comb.(SIS) BZC BZIC BZRC NA NA BZS[*] BZT NA NA BZU BZV NA BZY BZZ
C User’s Choice None
D User’s Choice
E Voltage EC EIC ERC NA EK ES[*] High- ET EIT ERT EU NA EX EY EZ
EZ Voltage(SIS) EZC EZIC EZRC NA NA EZS[*] High EZT NA NA EZU NA EZX EZY EZZ
F Flow, Flow Rate FC FIC FRC FCV FK FS[*] HH FT FIT FRT FU FV FX FY NA
FF Flow Ratio FFC FFIC FFRC NA FFK FFS[*] High FFT FFIT FFRT FFU FFV FFX FFY NA
FQ Flow Total FQC FQIC FQRC FQCV FQK FQS[*] H FQT FQIT FQRT FQU FQV FQX FQY NA
FS Flow Safety NA NA NA FSV NA NA Low NA NA NA NA FSV (10) NA NA NA
FZ Flow(SIS) FZC FZIC FZRC NA NA FZS[*] L FZT NA NA FZU FZV NA FZY NA
G User’s Choice Low-
H Hand HC HIC HRC HCV NA HS Low NA NA NA HU HV HX HY HZ
HZ Hand(SIS) HZC HZIC HZRC NA NA HZS LL NA NA NA HZU HZV NA HZY HZZ
I Current IC IIC IRC NA IK IS[*] IT IIT IRT IU NA IX IY IZ
IZ Current(SIS) IZC IZIC IZRC NA NA IZS[*] Middle IZT NA NA IZU NA IZX IZY IZZ
J Power JC JIC JRC NA JK JS[*] M JT JIT JRT JU NA JX JY JZ
JQ Power Totalize JQC JQIC JQRC NA JQK JQS[*] JQT JQIT JQRT JQU NA JQX JQY JQZ
JZ Power(SIS) JZC JZIC JZRC NA NA JZS[*] Open JZT NA NA JZU NA JZX JZY JZZ
K Time, Schedule KC KIC KRC NA KK KS[*] O NA NA NA KU NA KX KY KZ
KQ Time Totalize KQC KQIC KQRC NA NA KQS Close NA NA NA KQU KQV KQX KQY KZZ
L Level LC LIC LRC LCV LK LS[*] C LT LIT LRT LU LV LX LY LZ
LZ Level(SIS) LZC LZIC LZRC NA NA LZS[*] LZT NA NA LZU LZV LZX LZY LZZ
M User’s Choice Run
N User’s Choice R
Stop
O User’s Choice
S
P Pressure PC PIC PRC PCV (11) PK PS[*] PT PIT PRT PU PV PX PY PZ
PD Pressure Differential PDC PDIC PDRC PDCV PDK PDS[*] PDT PDIT PDRT PDU PDV PDX PDY PDZ
Unclass-
PF Pressure Ratio PFC PFIC PFRC NA PFK PFS[*] NA NA NA PFU PFV PFX PFY PFZ
ified
PJ Pressure Scan NA NA NA NA NA PJS[*] PJT NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
X
PK Pressure Rate of Change PKC PKIC PKRC NA PKK PKS[*] NA NA NA PKU PKV PKX PKY PKZ
PS Pressure Safety NA NA NA PSV NA NA NA NA NA NA PSV (9) NA NA NA
PZ Pressure(SIS) PZC PZIC PZRC NA NA PZS[*] PZT NA NA PZU PZV PZX PZY PZZ
Q Quantity QC QIC QRC NA QK QS[*] QT QIT NA QU QV QX QY QZ
QQ Quantity Totalize QQC QQIC QQRC NA QQK QQS[*] QQT QQIT NA QQU QQV QQX QQY QQZ
R Radiation RC RIC RRC NA RK RS[*] RT RIT RRT RU RV RX RY RZ
RQ Radiation Totalize RQC RQIC RQRC NA RQK RQS[*] RQT NA NA RQU RQV RQX RQY RQZ
RZ Radiation(SIS) RZC RZIC RZRC NA NA RZS[*] RZT NA NA RZU RZV RZX RZY RZZ
S Speed, Frequency SC SIC SRC SCV SK SS[*] ST SIT SRT SU SV SX SY SZ
- 107 - ANSI/ISA-5.1-2009
SZ Speed(SIS) SZC SZIC SZRC SZCV NA SZS[*] SZT NA NA SZU SZV SZX SZY SZZ
T Temperature TC TIC TRC TCV TK TS[*]] TT TIT TRT TU TV TX TY TZ
TD Temperature Differential TDC TDIC TDRC NA TDK TDS[*] TDT TDIT TDRT TDU TDV TDX TDY TDZ
TF Temperature Ratio TFC TFIC TFRC NA TFK TFS[*] NA NA NA TFU TFV TFX TFY TFZ
TJ Temperature Scan NA NA NA NA NA TJS[*] TJT NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
TK Temperature Rate of Change TKC TKIC TKRC NA TKK TKS[*] NA NA NA TKU TKV TKX TKY TKZ
TS Temperature Safety NA NA NA TSV NA NA NA NA NA NA TSV (9) NA NA NA
TZ Temperature(SIS) TZC TZIC TZRC NA NA TZS[*] TZT NA NA TZU TZZV TZX TZY TZZ
U Multivariable UC UIC URC NA NA US[*] NA NA NA UU UV UX UY UZ
UJ Multivariable Scan NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
UZ Multivariable(SIS) UZC UZIC UZRC NA NA UZS[*] NA NA NA UZU UZV UZX UZY UZZ
V Vibr., Mach. Analysis VC VIC VRC NA VK VS[*] VT VIT VRT VU NA VX VY NA
VZ Vibration(SIS) VZC VZIC VZRC NA NA VZS[*] VZT NA NA VZZU NA VZX VZY NA
VX Vibration X-Axis VXC VXIC VXRC NA NA VXS[*] VXT VXIT VXRT VXU NA VXX VXY NA
VY Vibration Y-Axis VYC VYIC VYRC NA NA VYS[*] VYT VYIT VYRT VYU NA VYX VYY NA
VZ Vibration Z-Axis VZC VZIC VZRC NA NA VZS[*] VZT VZIT VZRT VZU NA VZX VZY NA
VZX Vibration X-Axis(SIS) VZXC VZXIC VZXRC NA NA VZXS[*] VZXT NA NA VZXU NA VZXX VZXY NA
VZY Vibration Y-Axis(SIS) VZYC VZYIC VZYRC NA NA VZYS[*] VZYT NA NA VZYU NA VZYX VZYY NA
VZZ Vibration Z-Axis(SIS) VZZC VZZIC VZZRC NA NA VZZS[*] VZZT NA NA VZZU NA VZZX VZZY NA
W Weight, Force WC WIC WRC WCV WK WS[*] WT WIT WRT WU WV WX WY WZ
WZ Force(SIS) WZC WZIC WZRC NA NA WZS[*] WZT NA NA WZU WZV WZX WZY WZZ
WD Weight Differential WDC WDIC WDRC NA WDK WDS[*] WDT WDIT WDRT WDU WDV WDX WDY WDZ
WF Weight Ratio WFC WFIC WFRC NA WFK WFS[*] NA NA NA WFU WFV WFX WFY NA
WK Weight Loss (Gain) WKC WKIC WKRC NA WKK WKS[*] WKT WKIT WKRT WKU WKV WKX WKY WKZ
WQ Weight Total WQC WQIC WQRC NA WQK WQS[*] NA NA NA WQU WQV WQX WQY WQZ
WX Force X Axis WXC WXIC WXRC NA WXK WXS[*] WXT WXIT WXRT WXU WXV WXX WXY WXZ
WY Force Y Axis WYC WYIC WYRC NA WYK WYS[*] WYT WYIT WYRT WYU WYV WYX WYY WYZ
WZ Force Z Axis WZC WZIC WZRC NA WZK WZS[*] WZT WZIT WZRT WZU WZV WZX WZY WZZ
WZX Force X Axis(SIS) WZXC WZXIC WZXRC NA NA WZXS[*] WZXT NA NA WZXU WZXV WZXX WZXY WZXZ
WZY Force Y Axis(SIS) WZYC WZYIC WZYRC NA NA WZYS[*] WZYT NA NA WZYU WZYV WZYX WZYY WZYZ
WZZ Force Z Axis(SIS) WZZC WZZIC WZZRC NA NA WZZS[*] WZZT NA NA WZZU WZZV WZZX WZZY WZZZ
X Unclassified XC XIC XRC NA XK XS[*] XT XIT XRT XU XV XX XY XZ
Y Event, State, Presence YC YIC YRC NA YK YS[*] YT YIT YRT YU YV YX YY YZ
YZ Event, State(SIS) YZC YZIC YZRC NA NA YZS[*] YZT NA NA YZU YZV YZX YZY YZZ
Z Position, Dimension ZC ZIC ZRC NA ZK ZS[*] ZT ZIT ZRT ZU ZV ZX ZY ZZ
ZZ Position(SIS) ZZC ZZIC ZZRC NA NA ZZS[*] ZZT NA NA ZZU ZZV ZZX ZZY ZZZ
ZX Position X Axis ZXC ZXIC ZXRC NA ZXK ZXS[*] ZXT ZXIT ZXRT ZXU ZXV ZXX ZXY ZXZ
ANSI/ISA-5.1-2009 - 108 -
ZY Position Y Axis ZYC ZYIC ZYRC NA ZYK ZYS[*] ZYT ZYIT ZYRT ZYU ZYV ZYX ZYY ZYZ
ZZ Position Z Axis ZZC ZZIC ZZRC NA NA ZZS[*] ZZT NA NA ZZU ZZV ZZX ZZY ZZZ
ZZX Position X Axis(SIS) ZZXC ZZXIC ZZXRC NA NA ZZXS[*] ZZXT NA NA ZZXU ZZXV ZZXX ZZXY ZZXZ
ZZY Position Y Axis(SIS) ZZYC ZZYIC ZZYRC NA NA ZZYS[*] ZZYT NA NA ZZYU ZZYV ZZYX ZZYY ZZYZ
ZZZ Position Z Axis(SIS) ZZZC ZZZIC ZZZRC NA NA ZZZS[*] ZZZT NA NA ZZZU ZZZV ZZZX ZZZY ZZZZ
ZD Position Difference ZDC ZDIC ZDRC NA ZDK ZDS[*] ZDT ZDIT ZDRT ZDU ZDV ZDX ZDY ZDZ
ZDX Position Diff. X Axis ZDXC ZDXIC ZDXRC NA ZDXK ZDXS[*] ZDXT ZDXIT ZDXRT ZDXU ZDXV ZDXX ZDXY ZDXZ
ZDY Position Diff. Y Axis ZDYC ZDYIC ZDYRC NA ZDYK ZDYS[*] ZDYT ZDYIT ZDYRT ZDYU ZDYV ZDYX ZDYY ZDYZ
ZDZ Position Diff. Z Axis ZDZC ZDZIC ZDZRC NA ZDZK ZDZS[*] ZDZT ZDZIT ZDZRT ZDZU ZDZV ZDZX ZDZY ZDZZ
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Table A.4 — Loop and Identification Tag Number suffixes (1) (2)
Loop Identification Number
Identification/Tag Number suffixes (Bold-Underlined)
Suffixes(Bold-Italic)
Case 1 — Different services (3)

First After loop After first
Two devices with loop suffix after Four devices with loop suffix after
Loop Suffix numbers letters
None Numbers Letters None Numbers Letters
FV*01-1A
FV*01-1
FV*01-1B
None F*01
FV*01-2A
FV*01-2
FV*01-2B
FV*01A-1A FV-A-*01-1A
FV*01A-1 FV-A-*01-1
FV*01A-1B FV-A-*01-1B
FV*01A-2A FV-A-*01-2A
FV*01A-2 FV-A-*01-2
FV*01A-2B FV-A-*01-2B
Alpha F*01A F-A-*01
FV*01B-1A FV-B-*01-1A
FV*01B-1 FV-B-*01-1
FV*01B-1B FV-B-*01-1B
FV*01B-2A FV-B-*01-2A
FV*01B-2 FV-B-*01-2
FV*01B-2B FV-B-*01-2B
FV*01-1-1A FV-1-*01-1A
FV*01-1-1 FV-1-*01-1
FV*01-1-1B FV-1-*01-1B
FV*01-1-2A FV-1-*01-2A
FV*01-1-2 FV-1-*01-2
FV*01-1-2B FV-1-*01-2B
Numeric F*01-1 F-1-*01
FV*01-2-1A FV-2-*01-1A
FV*01-2-1 FV-2-*01-1
FV*01-2-1B FV-2-*01-1B
FV*01-2-2A FV-2-*01-2A
FV*01-2-2 FV-2-*01-2
FV*01-2-2B FV-2-*01-2B
Case 2 — Same service (3)
Two devices with loop suffix after Four devices with loop suffix after
None Numbers Letters None Numbers Letters
FV*01-A1
FV*01-A
FV*01-B1
None
FV*01-A2
FV*01-B
FV*01-B2
FV*01A-A1 FV-A-*01-A1
FV*01A-A FV-A-*01-A
FV*01A-A2 FV-A-*01-A2
FV*01A-B1 FV-A-*01-B1
FV*01A-B FV-A-*01-B
FV*01A-B2 FV-A-*01-B2
Alpha
FV*01B-A1 FV-B-*01-A1
FV*01B-A FV-B-*01-A
FV*01B-A2 FV-B-*01-A2
FV*01B-B1 FV-B-*01-B1
FV*01B-B FV-B-*01-B
FV*01B-B2 FV-B-*01-B2
FV*01-1-A1 FV-1-*01-A1
FV*01-1-A FV-1-*01-A
FV*01-1-A2 FV-1-*01-A2
FV*01-1-B1 FV-1-*01-B1
FV*01-1-B FV-1-*01-B
FV*01-1-B2 FV-1-*01-B2
Numeric
FV*01-2-A1 FV-2-*01-A1
FV*01-2-A FV-2-*01-A
FV*01-2-A2 FV-2-*01-A2
FV*01-2-B1 FV-2-*01-B1
FV*01-2-B FV-2-*01-B
FV*01-2-B2 FV-2-*01-B2
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Annex B Graphic symbol guidelines (informative annex)

B.1 Graphic symbols
B.1.1 This informative annex to the standard describes the use of graphic symbols that are used to
depict instrument loop devices and functions, application software functions, and the
interconnections between them that is logical, unique, and consistent in application with a
minimum of exceptions, special uses, or requirements.
B.1.2 Graphic symbols, when used with identification letters and numbers constructed as described in
Annex A, should as a minimum describe the functionality of, and if assigned a loop number
provide a unique identity for, each device and function shown.
B.2 Instrument identification applied to graphic symbols
B.2.1 Instrument identification applied to graphic symbols should include, as a minimum, an alphabetic
functional identification to identify the functionality of devices and functions shown in the diagrams
as described in Annex A.
B.2.2 Tables A.3.1.1 through A.3.6.2 provide examples of allowable functional identifications.
B.2.3 Brief explanatory notes or other text may be added adjacent to a symbol or in the note section of
a drawing or sketch to clarify the meaning or purpose of a device or function.
B.2.4 Loop Identification Number numerals, when assigned in accordance with A.6, complete the
identity of the loop being shown.
B.2.5 Lettering fonts should be similar to Arial Narrow and be a minimum of 3/32in(1.125mm) high and
a maximum of 13 characters per inch wide.
B.2.6 A Loop Number prefix should:
a) Not be used with bubbles on drawings but indicated in the note section.
b) Be used with bubbles if more than one prefix is being used.
c) Be used in text.
B.3 Examples of graphic symbols with assigned instrument/tag numbers
B.3.1 Instrument bubble symbols should use the upper half of each symbol for Functional Identification
Letters and the lower half of each symbol for Loop Numbers:
a) Five (5) characters or less:

ABCDE
98765
b) Six (6) characters or more, relieve sides of bubble or enlarge bubble as required:
ANSI/ISA-5.1-2009 - 112 -
ABCDEFGHJKLM ABCDEFGHJKLM
9876543210 9876543210
B.3.2 Functional diagramming, binary logic, and electrical schematic symbols should be tagged at
either (A), (B), (C), or (D): (A)
(A)
(A) (B) (A)
(A) (C) A (B)
∆ K A
B (A) (B) (B)
∆ ∫ C N O
P I D D (C)
(B) (D) d/dt (B)
X
(C) (D) (D) (A)
(B)
B.4 Graphic symbol applications
B.4.1 Graphic symbols provide representations of the instrumentation and functions required for
process, machine, or equipment measurement, indication, control, modulation, and switching of
variables by any or all of the following applications:
a) Instrument diagrams
b) Functional diagrams
c) Binary logic diagrams
d) Electrical schematics
B.4.2 The most common uses for:
a) Instrument diagrams are process flow diagrams (PFDs), piping and instrumentation
diagrams (P&IDs), engineering flow diagrams (EFDs), and mechanical flow diagrams
(MFDs).
b) Functional diagrams are instrument loop device and function details and application
software details for microprocessor-based control and monitoring systems.
c) Binary logic diagrams are complex, interlocking, and stepwise logic programming and
application software for microprocessor-based binary logic systems.
d) Electrical schematics are electrical diagrams for motor and other on-off control.
B.4.3 All of the applications may be used to prepare sketches and drawings for books, magazines,
journals, and instruction and maintenance manuals.
- 113 - ANSI/ISA-5.1-2009
B.5 Device and function symbols
B.5.1 Instrumentation devices and functions are constructed for sketches, drawings, and diagrams by
the use of the generic bubble and other geometric symbols and specific graphic symbols found in
Clause 5.
B.5.2 It is not necessary to show a symbol or a bubble for every device or function required by a loop if
the need for the device or function or its tag number is clearly understood; for example:
a) Symbols are not required, but may be used, for control valve positioners and stream
sample conditioner components.
b) Bubbles are not required, but may be used, for orifice plate, thermocouple, and control
valve graphic symbols.
B.5.3 When “smart” drawings, such as computer-generated P&IDs, that are linked to instrument
indexes or data sheets are used, a bubble or graphic symbol to which an instrument tag number
is attached should be used for all devices and functions that are to be indexed or require data
sheets.
B.6 Instrument diagram and functional diagram example
B.6.1 Process Flow Diagrams (PFDs) are developed by process engineers to provide basic process
data and to describe process operation. Simple instrument diagrams are used to indicate the
primary process control measurements and controlled streams required to operate the process.
Process monitoring and alarm points and secondary and auxiliary controls and monitors are not
shown but are added during the detailed process design and P&ID development.
B.6.2 A simple flow control requirement should be shown on a PFD as:
FC
a) Instrument tag numbers should not be assigned on PFDs.
B.6.3 A typical instrument diagram developed from the PFD diagram:

I/P
FIC FY
*01 *01-A
FT FY
FE
*01 *01-B FV
*01
*01
a) Bubbles [FE-*01] and [FY-01-B] are optional and not recommended.
b) Bubble [FV-*01] is optional but is recommended.

ANSI/ISA-5.1-2009 - 114 -
B.6.4 Typical equipment and function-oriented functional diagrams developed from the PFD diagram:
FT FT
*01 *01
∆
∆
P I
P I
A T A A T A
ƒ(x) ƒ(x)
FV-*01 FV-*01
Equipment oriented Function oriented
B.7 Process variable measurements
B.7.1 Process variable measurement devices are inserted in or mounted on pipelines and equipment to
measure a physical property or to analyze a chemical composition, and include but are not limited
to:
a) Primary elements, such as orifice plates and thermocouples, that generate analog
signals, position mechanical devices, or are used by transmitters to generate signals
compatible with the control system.
b) Transmitters with integral primary elements, such as vortex shedding flowmeters and
filled-capillary temperature devices that generate signals compatible with the control
system.
B.7.2 Process measurements are indicated by:
a) Bubbles as shown in Table 5.2.1 for:
1) Generic primary elements.
2) Primary elements that do not have a graphic symbol in Table 5.2.3.
3) Users who elect not to use graphic symbols from Table 5.2.3.
b) Graphic symbols from Table 5.3.2.
B.7.3 Analyzer primary element located in a process slip stream or in a process stream or equipment
with or without accessory devices, such as sample conditioners that contain components that are
not normally shown, and with type of analyzer and component of interest noted at (**) and (***)
respectively:
- 115 - ANSI/ISA-5.1-2009
a) With sample conditioners:

TC VENT (**)
AE
or AE
*01 DRAIN *02
C2
(***)
C3 VENT
AX AX
or
*01 *02
SMPL SMPL DRAIN
COND COND
b) Without sample conditioners:
(**) TC VENT
AE AE
or
*01 *02
DRAIN
(***) C2
C3
c) Analyzer primary element or transmitter inserted in process stream or equipment:

MOIST pH
AE AE
*03 *04
B.7.4 Orifice plate primary elements, with or without optional flow arrow, use generic orifice plate
symbol with transmitter bubble connected to indicate orifice tap location for flange taps, corner
taps, pipe taps, and vena contracta taps respectively:
a) Single process connection: corner taps, pipe taps, and vena contracta taps are indicated
by notation:
FT FT FT FT
*01 *01 *01 *01
CT PT VC
b) Double process connection, pipe taps and vena contracta taps are indicated by notation:
FT FT FT FT
*01 *02 *03 *03
PT VC
B.7.5 Process root block valves should be shown as required by the piping engineering group.
ANSI/ISA-5.1-2009 - 116 -
B.7.6 Orifice meter tubes or runs that are specified and requisitioned by the instrument group should be
shown on drawings and sketches by:
a) Bubble: FX
*01
NOTES
b) Notation:
1. METER TUBE BY INSTRUMENTS.
NOTE 1
c) Flanged or welded:
METER RUN METER TUBE
B.8 Final control elements
B.8.1 Final control elements installed in pipelines and equipment modulate or manipulate the process
stream or equipment to affect the loop measured variable.
B.8.2 Final control elements include, but are not limited to, control valves, solenoid valves, louvers,
dampers, motors, variable speed drives, and machine components.
B.8.3 Control valves are generally pneumatically operated and furnished with positioners that may:
a) Be actuated by a pneumatic or an electronic signal.
b) Not be shown if all control valves are furnished with positioners.
B.8.4 Control valves with pneumatic or electronic signal:
a) Without positioner: I/P

FY
*01
FV FV
*01 *01
b) With positioner:
1) Cross-hatches from positioner to actuator are optional.

- 117 - ANSI/ISA-5.1-2009
c) With tripping solenoid, with and without positioner:
LSL LSL
S S
*11 *11
FV FV
*01 *01
B.8.5 Instrumentation with integral components that:
a) Measure process variables and transmit control and other functions as an integral part of
a transmitter:
FC
*01
FT FC
*01 *01
b) Manipulates control valves as an integral part of a control valve positioner:
FC
*017
c) Is an integral assembly that contains a transmitter, a controller, and a control valve:
FC
101
FT FV
101 101
24VDC 24VDC
B.9 Common instrument-to-instrument signal connections
B.9.1 Pneumatic discrete instrumentation:
FT FRC
*01 *01 FV
*01
ANSI/ISA-5.1-2009 - 118 -
B.9.2 Electronic discrete instrumentation:

FT FRC
*01 *01 FV
*01
B.9.3 Shared display, shared control instrumentation:
FT FRC
*01 *01 FV
*01
B.9.4 Shared display, shared control instrumentation, with diagnostic and calibration bus on field wiring:
FT FRC
*01 *01 FV
*01
B.9.5 Shared display, shared control and wireless instrumentation:

FT FRC
*01 *01 FV
*01
B.9.6 Shared display, shared control instrumentation, primary and alternate systems, no inter-bus
communication:
FT FRC
*01 *01 FV
DCS-1 *01
FT FRC
*11 *11 FV
DCS-2 *01
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B.9.7 Shared display, shared control, primary and alternate systems, with inter-bus communication:
FI
*11
DCS-2
FT FC
*01 *01 FV
DCS-1 *01
FI
*11
FT FC DCS-1
*11 *11 FV
DCS-2 *01
B.9.8 Shared display, shared control and fieldbus instrumentation, inter-bus communication:
a) Fieldbus transmitter/controller and electronic valve positioner:
SP FK FI
*01 *01
FC
*01 FV
*01
b) Fieldbus valve positioner/controller and electronic transmitter:
FI FK SP
*01 *01
FC
FT *01
*01 FV
*01
c) Fieldbus transmitter and valve positioner/controller:
FI FK SP
*01 *01
FC
FT *01
FV
*01
*01
ANSI/ISA-5.1-2009 - 120 -
B.9.9 Fieldbus valve positioner/controller, transmitter, and indicator:
FI
*01
FC
FT *01
FV
*01
*01
B.9.10 Fieldbus integral transmitter, controller, and valve positioner:
FI FK
101 101
FC
101
24VDC
B.9.11 Instrument and functional diagrams should not be used to specifically identify signal tubing,
wiring, and bus construction methods used to implement a monitoring and control system.
B.10 Function block symbols
B.10.1 Signal processing functions should be identified by a function block symbol from Table 7.6 that is:
a) Appended to a bubble if an Instrument/Tag Number is required:

Σ
FY
*012
b) Attached tangentially to the affected bubble and in line with the signal if the function is an
integral part of the affected bubble:
FI
Σ
*012
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B.10.2 An example of a common application is the calculation of mass flow with an orifice plate primary
element:
a) Separate devices or functions that require separate bubbles and tag numbers:
PT TT FT
*01 *01 *01
÷ X √⎯
FY FY FY FI
*01-A *01-B *01-C *01
b) Separate devices or application software functions that do not require separate bubbles
or tag numbers for each function:
TT
*01
PT FI
*01
÷ X √⎯
*01
FT
*01
c) Integral devices or application software functions that do not require separate bubbles or
tag numbers for each function:
TT
*01
PT FI FT
*01 *01 MASS *01
FLOW
B.11 Alarm indicators
B.11.1 Shared control and monitor functions generally allow the indication of four configurable alarms for
process variables and setpoint deviations.
B.11.2 Only alarms that are to be configured are shown.
B.11.3 Instrument diagramming:
a) Process variable alarms:

HH
FT FC H
*01 *01 L
LL
ANSI/ISA-5.1-2009 - 122 -
b) Process variable deviation from setpoint alarms:

DH
FT FC
*01 *01
DL
c) Process variable deviation from setpoint and process variable alarms:

DH
FT FC H
*01 *01 L
DL
B.11.4 Functional diagramming:
a) Process variable alarms:
FT
*01
HH/H/L/LL
P I
A T A
b) Process variable deviation from setpoint alarms:
H/L ∆
P I
A T A
c) Process variable deviation from setpoint and process variable alarms:
H/L
H/L ∆
P I
A T A
B.12 Multipoint, multivariable and multifunction instruments
B.12.1 Multipoint instruments are single or multivariable indicators or recorders that receive input signals
from two (2) or more primary elements or transmitters.
B.12.2 Multivariable instruments are controllers that receive input signals from two (2) or more primary
elements or transmitters and control one (1) manipulated variable.
- 123 - ANSI/ISA-5.1-2009
B.12.3 Multifunction instruments are controllers that receive input signals from two (2) or more primary
elements or transmitters and control two (2) or more manipulated variables.
B.12.4 Single variable or multivariable multipoint recorders for two (2) or three (3) points are drawn with
bubbles either:
a) Tangent to each other in the same order, left to right, as the pen or pointer assignments:
FR PR TR
*10 *11 *08
FT PT TT
*10 *11 *08
b) Separate from each other with pen number indicated and a note defining the multipoint
instrument:
PEN #1 PEN 2 PEN #3

FR PR TR NOTE 1.
PEN IN RECORDER,
*10 *11 *08
FR*10/PR*11/TR*08.
NOTE 1 NOTE 1 NOTE 1
FT PT TT
*10 *11 *08
B.12.5 Multipoint indicators and recorders for four (4) or more points are drawn with bubbles separate
from each other, with point number indicated by adding a suffix to the tag numbers:
a) Single variable:
TE TI TE TI TE TI TE TI
*01-01 *01-01 *01-02 *01-02 *01-03 *01-03 *01-04 *01-04
b) Multivariable:
TE UJI PT UJI LT UJI TE UJI
*01-01 *01-01 *01-02 *01-02 *01-03 *01-03 *01-04 *01-04

ANSI/ISA-5.1-2009 - 124 -
B.12.6 A multivariable controller example drawn with bubbles for each measured variable input, the
output to the final control element, and measured variable indicators:
PI TI LI FI
PT *11 *51 21 *71
*11
TT
*51
UC
*01
LT UV
*21 *01
FT
*71 FO
B.12.7 variable multifunction controller example drawn with bubbles for measured variable inputs,
controller and indicator functions, and final control elements, for example:
PT
*11 TI L1
*51 21
TT
*51
UU SP FC
*01 *71 FV
LT *71
*21 UV
FT *01
*71
FO
FO
B.13 An example of instrument, functional, and electrical diagrams for a simple process
B.13.1 Process control description:
a) Process description:
1) Tank periodically fills with a liquid, in small and large volumes over long and short
time periods.
b) Control description:
1) Control system design for:
a) Small volumes for long and short periods should allow tank to fill to a
high level to automatically start the pump and then to stop the pump at a
low level.
b) Large volumes for long periods should allow the pump to run
continuously and maintain a fixed level with a level to flow cascade
control loop.
- 125 - ANSI/ISA-5.1-2009
2) Pump control is selected by a three-position Hand-Off-Auto selector switch:
a) Method a) selector switch is in “HAND” position.
b) Method b) selector switch is in “AUTO” position.
3) Pump should be stopped at any time:
a) Automatically if low level is exceeded.
b) By operating the stop pushbutton.
c) Switching the H-O-A selector to “OFF” position.
B.13.2 Instrument diagram:
STOP
LSL HS LIC
*02 *02-B *02
LT START
FIC
*02 HS HS LSH *01
T-1
*02-A *01 *02
FT
H-O-A FV
*01
*01
P-1 FO
ANSI/ISA-5.1-2009 - 126 -
B.13.3 Functional diagram
LSH*02
FT LT A
H
N S
*01 *02 D
A Ro
HS
H-O-A OL A
∆ ∆ *01
T N
D
P I P I START A
N OR PUMP
HS D P-1
A T A T A *02-A
ƒ(x) Ro
L
STOP A
FV*01 N NOT A
HS LSL*02 D N
*02-B OL D
B.13.4 Electrical schematic diagram:
START
HS*02-A
M1
STOP H
0 HS*01 M
A OL
HS*02-B
LSL*02
M2
LSH*02
Developing and promulgating sound consensus standards, recommended practices, and technical
reports is one of ISA’s primary goals. To achieve this goal the Standards and Practices Department
relies on the technical expertise and efforts of volunteer committee members, chairmen and reviewers.
ISA is an American National Standards Institute (ANSI) accredited organization. ISA administers United
States Technical Advisory Groups (USTAGs) and provides secretariat support for International
Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) and International Organization for Standardization (ISO) committees
that develop process measurement and control standards. To obtain additional information on the
Society’s standards program, please write:
ISA
Attn: Standards Department
67 Alexander Drive
P.O. Box 12277
Research Triangle Park, NC 27709
ISBN: 978-1-936007-29-5

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AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD

Approved 18 September 2009

CAUTION — ISA ADHERES TO THE POLICY OF THE AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDS

ADDITIONALLY, THE USE OF THIS STANDARD MAY INVOLVE HAZARDOUS MATERIALS,

Users may find the following book of value in applying ANSI/ISA-5.1-2009:

Control System Documentation: Applying Symbols and Identification, Thomas McAvinew

Users of this standard are asked to send comments or suggestions to [email protected].

Alvin Iverson, Chair Ivy Optiks

Al Iverson, ISA5 Chair

J. Tatera Tatera & Associates Inc.

H. Sasajima Yamatake Corp.

Table 4.1 — Identification letters ................................................................................................................ 30

the process industries.

a) Design an identification system and construct an identification number.

b) Use graphic symbols to construct:

1) Instrumentation schematic diagrams of the instruments, devices, and functions

2) Functional diagrams of instruments, loops, and application software functions.

3) Binary logic diagrams.

4) Ladder diagrams of electrical circuits.

c) Add information and simplify diagrams.

2.2 Application to industries

2.3 Application to work activities

c) Technical papers, literature, and discussions.

d) Instrumentation, loop, logic, and functional diagrams.

f) Conceptual drawings including but not limited to:

1) Process Flow Diagrams (PFD)

2) Utility Flow Diagrams (UFD).

g) Construction drawings including but not limited to:

1) Engineering Flow Diagrams (EFD).

2) Mechanical Flow Diagrams (MFD).

3) Piping and Instrumentation Diagrams (P&ID).

4) System Flow Diagrams (SFD).

h) Specifications, purchase orders, manifests, and other lists.

i) Identification and tag numbering of instruments and control functions.

j) Installation, operating and maintenance instructions, drawings, and records.

2.4 Application to classes of instrumentation and to instrument functions

a) Discrete instruments and their functions.

b) Shared display and control functions.

c) Distributed control functions.

d) Computer control functions.

e) Programmable logic controller display and control functions.

f) Application software display and control functions.

2.5 Classification of instrumentation

2.5.3 Secondary instrumentation consists of measuring, monitoring, or controlling devices and

2.6 Extent of loop and functional identification

a) Flow transmitter when connected to an orifice plate when measuring flow.

2.6.4 A unique function identification number shall be assigned to identify each:

a) Loop instrument or device and its integral and/or inherent functions.

b) Loop-configurable function, which requires or allows a unique user-assigned

2.7 Extent of symbolization

1) Letters assigned a specific meaning in Table 4.1.

2) Symbols and their assigned meanings in Tables.5.1 through 5.8.

3) Symbol dimensions in Tables 6.1 through 6.8.

1) Taken shall be fully described and detailed in the User/Owner standards,

2) Not taken shall be mandatory.