AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD

ANSI/ISA-75.11.01-2013

Inherent Flow Characteristic

and Rangeability of
Control Valves
Approved 30 January 2013

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Inherent Flow Characteristic and Rangeability of Control Valves

ISBN: 978-0-876640-01-2

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Preface

This preface, as well as all footnotes and annexes, is included for information p urposes and is
not part of ANSI/ISA-75.11.01-2013.

This document has been prepared as part of the service of the International Society of
Automation toward a goal of uniformity in the field of instrumentation. To be of real value, this
document should not be static but should be subject to periodic review. Toward this end, the
Society welcomes all comments and criticisms and asks that they be addressed to the Secretary,
Standards and Practices Board; ISA; 67 Alexander Drive; P. O. Box 12277; Research Triangle
Park, NC 27709; Telephone (919) 549-8411; Fax (919) 549-8288; E-mail: [email protected].

The ISA Standards and Practices Department is aware of the growing need for attention to the
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OPERATIONS OR EQUIPMENT. THE DOCUMENT CANNOT ANTICIPATE ALL POSSIBLE
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IMPACTED BY ELECTRONIC SECURITY ISSUES. THE COMMITTEE HAS NOT YET
ADDRESSED THE POTENTIAL ISSUES IN THIS VERSION.

The following individuals served as members of ISA Subcommittee ISA75.11 and approved this
standard:

NAME COMPANY

H. Maxwell, Chairman Bechtel Power Corporation

W. Weidman, Managing Director WCW Consulting
H. Boger GE Energy
E. Bunke Badger Meter
C. Crawford Consultant
R. Duimstra Fisher Controls International Inc.
M. Hellman Leslie Controls Inc.
J. Kiesbauer Samson Aktiengesellschaft
V. Mezzano Fluor Corporation
S. Samy CCI
E. Skovgaard Control Valve Solutions
R. Terhune Consultant
S. Weiner Consultant
J. Young The Dow Chemical Company

The following people served as members of ISA Committee ISA75 and approved this standard:

NAME COMPANY

J. Young, Chairman The Dow Chemical Company

W. Weidman, Managing Director WCW Consulting
L. Al-Awami Saudi Aramco
H. Baumann H B Services Partners LLC
J. Beall Emerson Process Management
M. Bober Copes-Vulcan
H. Boger GE Energy
G. Borden Consultant
S. Boyle Metso Automation USA Inc.
J. Broyles Enbridge Pipelines Inc.
F. Cain Flowserve Corporation
R. Duimstra Fisher Controls International Inc.
J. Faramarzi Control Components Inc.
T. George Richards Industries
C. Hergert Kellogg Brown & Root
H. Hoffmann Consultant
J. Jamison EnCana Corporation Ltd.
J. Kiesbauer Samson Aktiengesellschaft

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A. Libke DeZurik
G. Liu Consultant
H. Maxwell Bechtel Power Corporation
J. McCaskill Expro Group
A. McCauley Chagrin Valley Controls Inc.
R. McEver Consultant
V. Mezzano Fluor Corporation
H. Miller Consultant
T. Molloy CMES Inc.
L. Ormanoski Consultant
J. Reed Consultant
E. Skovgaard Control Valve Solutions

This standard was approved for publication by the ISA Standards and Practices Board on
14 January 2013.

NAME COMPANY

D. Dunn, Vice President Aramco Services Co.

R. Bartusiak ExxonMobil Chemical Company
P. Brett Honeywell Inc.
J. Campbell Consultant
M. Coppler Det Norske Veritas Certification Inc.
E. Cosman The Dow Chemical Co.
B. Dumortier Schneider Electric
J. Federlein Federlein & Assoc. Inc.
J. Gilsinn Kenexis Consulting
E. Icayan ACES Inc.
J. Jamison Spectra Energy Ltd.
K. Lindner Endress+Hauser Process Solutions AG
V. Maggioli Feltronics Corp.
T. McAvinew Instrumentation and Control Engineering LLC
R. Reimer Rockwell Automation
S. Russell Valero Energy Corp.
N. Sands DuPont
H. Sasajima Azbil Corp.
T. Schnaare Rosemount Inc.
J. Tatera Tatera & Associates Inc.
I. Verhappen Industrial Automation Networks Inc.
W. Weidman WCW Consulting
J. Weiss Applied Control Solutions LLC
M. Wilkins Yokogawa IA Global Marketing (USMK)
D. Zetterberg Chevron Energy Technology Company

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Contents

1 Scope .............................................................................................................................. 9
2 Basic definitions ............................................................................................................... 9
2.1 Terminology ............................................................................................................ 9
3 Typical inherent flow characteristics ................................................................................. 9
4 Permissible deviations between actual and manufacturer -stated inherent flow
characteristics ................................................................................................................ 10

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1 Scope
The scope of this standard is to define the statement of typical control valve inherent flow
characteristics and inherent rangeabilities, and to est ablish criteria for adherence to
manufacturer-specified flow characteristics.

2 Basic definitions
2.1 Terminology
Basic terminology used herein is based on definitions stated in "Control Valve Terminology"
ANSI/ISA-75.05.01-2000 (R2005) or applicable IEC standards.

2.1.1 flow coefficient:

a constant (C v), related to the geometry of a valve, for a given valve opening, that can be used to
predict flow rate. See ANSI/ISA-75.01.01 (IEC 60534-2-1 Mod)-2007, "Flow Equations for Sizing
Control Valves," and ANSI/ISA-75.02.01-2008, "Control Valve Capacity Test Procedures." K v can
be substituted for C v , where 1 K v = 0.85 C v .

2.1.2 inherent flow characteristic:

the relationship between the flow rate through a valve and the travel of the closure member as
the closure member is moved from the closed position to rated travel with constant pressure drop
across the valve.

2.1.3 inherent rangeability:

the ratio of the largest flow coefficient (C v ) to the smallest flow coefficient (C v ) within which the
deviation from the specified inherent flow characteristic does not exceed the limits stated in
Clause 4.

The stated inherent rangeability of a specific control valve is related solely to the interaction
between the closure member and the flow control orifice of a valve. Other factors such as the
positioning accuracy of the actuator or the effects of hydraulic flow resistance of associated
piping should be considered when deriving the installed rangeability for a specific application.

Within the limitation given in 4.1, both the flow coefficient deviation given in Figure 1 and the
slope deviations given in Figure 2 are applicable in determining the inherent rangeability. Only
the slope deviations are applicable for C v values below 5.

2.1.4 relative flow coefficient ():

the ratio of the flow coefficient (C v ) at a stated travel to the flow coefficient (C v ) at rated travel.

2.1.5 relative travel (h):

the ratio of the travel at a given opening to the rated travel.

3 Typical inherent flow characteristics

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3.1 The typical inherent flow characteristic for a specific size, type, and trim configuration of a
control valve shall be specified by the manufacturers either graphically or in tabular form.

3.2 When tabulated, specific flow coefficients shall be stated for the following travel positions: at
5%, 10%, 20%, and every subsequent 10% of rated travel up to and including 100%.

3.3 The manufacturer may publish flow coefficients in addition to those at the above -stated travel
positions.

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3.4 In addition, the manufacturer is encouraged to specify the generic name of a specific flow
characteristic such as "Linear," "Equal-Percentage," etc., if applicable, following the definitions in
ANSI/ISA-75.05.01-2000 (R2005).

3.5 The manufacturer shall state the largest flow coefficient that meets the criteria of Clause 4 if
it is less than the rated flow coefficient. (See Figure 2.)

4 Permissible deviations between actual and manufacturer-stated inherent flow

characteristics
4.1 When subjected to a flow test per ANSI/ISA-75.02.01-2008 (IEC 60534-2-3 Mod), the
individual test C v values may not deviate by more than ±10 {1/ }
0.2
percent from those values
specified in the flow characteristic published by the manufacturer. Exceptions of this are C v s at
2
given travel positions falling below a C v value of 5, or above a C v value of 30d . In the above
relationships, d is the nominal valve size in inches, and is the relative flow coefficient based on
published C v s. Allowable deviations calculated by the above equation are listed in Table 1.

Table 1 — Permissible deviations between actual and manufacturer-stated

inherent flow characteristics

% Cv Rated  Permitted +/- Range

Deviation (%) High Low

5 0.05 18.2 0.0591 0.0409

10 0.1 15.8 0.116 0.0842

20 0.2 13.8 0.228 0.172

30 0.3 12.7 0.338 0.262

40 0.4 12.0 0.448 0.352

50 0.5 11.5 0.557 0.443

60 0.6 11.1 0.667 0.533

70 0.7 10.7 0.775 0.625

80 0.8 10.5 0.883 0.717

90 0.9 10.2 0.992 0.808

100 1.0 10.0 1.100 0.900

4.2 The inherent flow characteristic of a control valve, when plotted from test data at the stated
increments of travel, shall show no major deviations in slope. By definition, a major deviation is
when the slope of the line connecting two adjacent test point s varies by more than 2 to 1 or 0.5
to 1 from the slope of a line drawn between flow coefficients specified by the manufacturer for
the same travel positions. (See Figure 1.)

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INHERENT RANGEABILITY OF TEST

SPECIMEN (per Subclause 2.1.3):

The maximum relative flow coefficient  meeting the requirements of Clause 4 is 1.000; the minimum  is 0.021.

Figure 1 — Example of globe valve specimen compared to manufacturer-

specified flow characteristic

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INHERENT RANGEABILITY OF TEST = = 91
SPECIMEN (per Subclause 2.1.3):

The maximum relative flow coefficient  meeting the requirements of Clause 4 is 0.91; the minimum  is 0.01.

*Tolerance band for  = 0.01 is 10 { }0.2 =  25% of  = 0.01.

Figure 2 — Example of butterfly valve specimen compared to manufacturer-

specified flow characteristic

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