Directions: Dissect The Contents of Your: Part 1. Analysis

Name: ____________________________________________
Program: ____________________ Date: _______________

PART 1. ANALYSIS
Directions: Dissect the contents of your
assigned text by answering the following questions:
1. Problem: To determine what strategies teachers can use to most effectively improve the fluency of
struggling readers.
2. Hypothesis
3. Review of Related Literature : Fluency has often been the one area of reading instruction that was
lacking within the context of classroom reading instruction.
4. Theoretical/ Conceptual Framework : Qualitative research study.
5. Method: Repeated Reading and Readers’ Theatre Method were used. It is where the students being
provided with a model of fluent reading, provided corrective feedback on their oral reading, practice
rereading the passage until they are able to perform it fluently for an audience, and do not have to
memorize the script.
6. Participants and Selection Process: This action research was conducted with one participant. Trina is
an African American female, age 12 years, 4 months, currently in the sixth grade. She was selected
because she participates in the general education curriculum for the entire school day, with the
exception of the three hours each week that she receives resource room support.
7. Procedure : First, determined the participant’s instructional reading level and oral reading behaviors
by discussing the participant with her classroom teacher. specifically in her DRA level and her oral
reading rate as determined by the last DIBELS oral reading fluency probe that was completed.
Secondly, audio or video recorded the initial reading of each passage and compared that to the audio
or video recording of the final reading of each passage. To further support data collection, and
recorded anecdotal notes regarding the classroom environment, student behaviors, and attitude
toward participation in the fluency passages each day. Also interviewed the participant to determine
her attitude toward reading in general, genres of books she enjoys, her feelings toward oral reading
and activities she enjoys outside of school. Lastly, retained the artifacts of the running reading records
to provide additional data. Next reviewed the chart to compare the initial reading of each passage to
the second reading of each passage to determine if there was an increase in words per minute read.
After each reading, calculating of how many words Trina read per minute (oral reading rate) by dividing
6,000 by the number of seconds it took her to read the entire passage. For example, if she 34 Repeated
Reading as a fluency intervention read a passage in 55 seconds, divided 6,000 by 55 and obtained a
quotient of 109. The quotient is how many words per minute she read. the increase in words per
minute between the two readings. Secondly, calculating the words correct per minute using an online
words correct per minute calculator. Also calculated her accuracy rate by subtracting the number of
miscues she made from 100 (the number of words in each passage). This was also included in the chart
with words correct per minute. Then, listened to each recording of Trina’s readings and compared the
audio data to the running reading records I conducted while she was reading. This allowed to see if
had missed any miscues during the actual reading. Next determined if the miscues were substitutions,
insertions, omissions, reversals, or repetitions. Also determined if the miscue was a significant miscue,
meaning the miscue resulted in a change in meaning from the printed text. And to be able to focus
more attention on her phrasing and expression. Then scored her phrasing and expression using a rubric
that had been adapted from the National Assessment of Educational Progress. The initial reading was
compared to the second reading to see if her phrasing and expression improved after the second read.
The rubric allowed to be more objective in listening to her read.
8. Instruments : Printed Text, Online Words correct per minute calculator.
9. Results : Increase in words per minute, increase in words correct per minute, increase in accuracy,
decrease in oral reading miscues, including significant miscues, and oral reading scores.
10. Implications Repeated reading is an effective strategy for improving both reading rate, as measured
by words per minute, words correct per minute, and accuracy scores, as well as oral reading fluency
scores, which measure prosody and expressive intonation.
11. Conclusions: Within this study, the results from the aforementioned studies conducted on repeated
reading were replicated with similar success rates. Trina was able to increase her 57 Repeated Reading
as a fluency intervention words per minute, words correct per minute, accuracy rate, and scores on the
oral reading fluency rubric. In addition, the number and type of significant miscues Trina made
decreased after receiving corrective feedback and practicing the passages. This data implies that she
was able to increase her automaticity and her mean making while reading orally.
12. Recommendations (What were the recommendations?)
PART 2. CRITIQUE
Directions: Offer your critical views on the following sections of the article:
1. Introduction (Does the introduction properly preview the issue or problem the study intended to
explore? Does it provide sufficient background as to who are affected by the problem and how they are
affected?) Yes, definitely.
2. Review of Related Literature (Does provide substantial literature and related studies to make the
readers understand the issue or problem better? Does it offer the author’s views about the literature
provided? Does the author clearly situate the study in the existing literature?) Yes!
3. Theoretical and or Conceptual Framework (Does it anchor on a relevant framework or model?) Yes
4. Methodology (Does it explain properly the different sub-sections? Are the processes and materials used
appropriate for the study?) Yes
5. Results and Discussion (Are the results and findings clearly presented? Do they reflect the author’s
attempt at answering the research questions of the study?) The results are clearly presented it also
reflects author’s expectation of her study.
6. Conclusion (Is it grounded on the results and or findings? Does it clearly indicate the contribution of the
study to the field?) YES
7. Recommendations (Are they based on the conclusions?)
8. Others (Does the article observe the English language grammar and mechanics? Does it follow a certain
format such as APA properly and consistently?)

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