United Nations S/2010/447

Security Council Distr.: General

9 September 2010

Original: English

Report of the Secretary-General on Somalia

I. Introduction
1. The present report is submitted pursuant to the statement by the President of
the Security Council of 31 October 2001 (S/PRST/2001/30) and Security Council
resolution 1872 (2009), and as specified in paragraph 20 of resolution 1910 (2010),
in which the Council requested me to report on all aspects of the resolution every
four months. This report provides an update on major developments in Somalia
since my report of 11 May 2010 (S/2010/234) and assesses the political, security,
human rights and humanitarian situation as well as progress made in implementing
the United Nations strategy for Somalia. The report also covers the operational
activities of the United Nations and the international community, as well as
developments in counter-piracy activities.

II. Main developments in Somalia

A. Political developments

2. The reporting period was characterized by tensions within the transitional

federal institutions, as well as increased concern on the part of the Somalis and the
international community regarding the performance of the Transitional Federal
Government in providing security and other basic services to its people. These
concerns resulted in several high-level meetings of the Intergovernmental Authority
on Development (IGAD), the African Union, and the United Nations, which
highlighted both the urgency for the transitional federal institutions to work as
credible institutions and the need to address the urgent financial needs of the African
Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM).
3. In May, there were several internal disputes between the Parliament and the
Cabinet. As a result, on 16 May, the President, Sheikh Sharif Sheikh Ahmed,
dissolved the Cabinet. The Speaker of Parliament also resigned on 17 May and was
later replaced by the former Finance Minister, Sharif Hassan. The President later
rescinded his decision, however, and reinstated the Prime Minister and his
Government on 20 May. On 3 July, the Prime Minister, Omar Abdirashid Ali
Sharmarke, announced a newly reshuffled Cabinet of 39 members, including five
members from Ahlu Sunnah Wal Jama’a (ASWJ) and new members from the Somali
diaspora.

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4. Despite these political complications and the difficult security environment,

the United Nations, the African Union, IGAD and the international community
continued efforts to promote peace and security in Somalia. My Special
Representative continued working with all parties to ease the political tensions and
implement the internationally endorsed strategy for Somalia. As part of my efforts
to move the political process in Somalia forward and to sustain international
attention to the political, security, humanitarian assistance and development needs
of Somalia, the Government of Turkey and I jointly convened the Istanbul
Conference from 21 to 23 May 2010. The meeting was effective in highlighting the
international community’s concern over and commitment to Somalia. There were
several appeals from many of the participants for the President and his Government
to put in place a credible government and minimize internal disputes. The Istanbul
Declaration adopted at the Conference, reflected a consensus within the
international community on a number of points, including the need for more
effective action by the Transitional Federal Government; encouragement for groups
outside the Djibouti Agreement to join the peace process; and the necessity of
building Somalia’s security forces and strengthening the capacity of AMISOM to
secure key strategic areas in Mogadishu. The Istanbul Declaration encouraged the
Somali private sector to play a positive role in the peace process. As a follow-up,
the United Nations Political Office for Somalia (UNPOS) co-chaired on 8 June a
meeting with the Islamic Development Bank and Turkey, at which a task force was
established to undertake recovery activities in the areas of basic services,
livelihoods, infrastructure and energy.
5. In response to increased insurgent activities against the Transitional Federal
Government, the IGAD Assembly of Heads of State and Government held its
fifteenth extraordinary session in Addis Ababa on 5 July. It noted with concern the
deteriorating security situation in Somalia, and decided to immediately deploy
2,000 additional peacekeepers under AMISOM. It further agreed to work with all
concerned parties, including AMISOM and the Security Council, to substantially
raise the AMISOM troop level for deployment throughout Somalia.
6. Further indications of the regional impact of the instability in Somalia were
the suicide attacks on 11 July, targeting an Ethiopian restaurant and a sports club in
Kampala during the FIFA World Cup final. Over 70 people were killed and many
more injured. The Kampala attacks, later claimed by Al-Shabaab, revealed, for the
first time, Al-Shabaab’s ability to plan and execute terrorist attacks outside
Somalia’s borders — against countries and entities that threaten its insurgency and
radical ideology. The attacks demonstrated that Al-Shabaab remains a serious
security threat for Somalia, the subregion and the wider international community. It
should be noted that, following the Kampala attacks, the leaders of Uganda and
Burundi have reiterated their determination to continue supporting stabilization
efforts in Somalia.
7. Shortly after the IGAD summit, the African Union Assembly held its fifteenth
ordinary session in Kampala from 25 to 27 July. Somalia dominated discussions at
the Summit, during which African leaders expressed a strong sense of urgency for
the Transitional Federal Government to do more in enhancing its governance
structures and to resolve internal disputes within its leadership structures. The
African leaders lauded AMISOM for its efforts at supporting the Transitional
Federal Government. The summit endorsed the decisions of IGAD and mandated the
African Union Commission to plan new phases for strengthening AMISOM.

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8. On the sidelines of the African Union summit, the United States Assistant
Secretary of State for African Affairs, Ambassador Johnnie Carson, facilitated a
mini-summit on Somalia on 26 July, attended by the Presidents of Djibouti, Kenya,
Somalia, Uganda and the United Republic of Tanzania, the Prime Minister of
Ethiopia, the Chairperson of the African Union Commission, my Deputy Secretary-
General and other representatives of the United Nations. The participants discussed
ways to support the implementation of the proposals made by IGAD, particularly to
increase support to AMISOM and the Transitional Federal Government. In that
connection, the United States offered to facilitate the deployment of an additional
2,000 troops under AMISOM.
9. Despite the rifts between the Cabinet and Parliament, Somalia’s Independent
Federal Constitution Commission continued working on the draft constitution from
Djibouti. On 1 July, the Commission formally launched a consultation process on
the draft constitution, which entails a series of civic education and public initiatives,
scheduled to last until September 2010. The first draft constitution is expected to be
issued by December 2010. In that context, the Commission and representatives of
the Consortium Partners held a seminar with members of civil society on 3 and
4 July to build a shared understanding of the constitution-making process, the
consultation process and the role of civil society in civic education and public
consultations. Meanwhile, the Chairman of the Commission stated that a number of
contentious issues, including the adoption of a presidential versus a parliamentary
system of government, the role of sharia, and the status of Mogadishu in the context
of federalism, would be referred to the consultation process for further deliberation.
10. Major political developments in other parts of Somalia included the
“Presidential election” of 26 June in “Somaliland”, which was described as free, fair
and transparent by international observers. On 1 July, the National Electoral
Commission declared Ahmed Mohamed Mohamoud “Silanyo”, of the opposition
party Kulmiye (Peace, Unity and Development), the winner with 49.59 per cent of
votes. The result was endorsed by the Supreme Court on 11 July, and President
Silanyo was sworn in on 27 July. The new President has appointed a Cabinet
composed of 20 ministers and six vice-ministers, three of whom are women. On
5 July, the “Puntland” Parliament held its first meeting, at which it reviewed the
2009 budget and discussed the completion of judicial reforms.

B. Security situation

11. During the reporting period, volatility and insecurity increased in Mogadishu.
AMISOM and the Transitional Federal Government frequently engaged the
insurgents, in response to increased mortar fire and direct attacks against Villa
Somalia and the seaport. Sporadic mortar fire into the airport continued. Mortars
also impacted regularly near the United Nations common compound and the
UNICEF compound.
12. AMISOM military operations to secure positions in key districts in Mogadishu
led to fierce battles, including fighting on 4 July between Al-Shabaab and
Government/AMISOM forces in the Abdiaziz district, as well as an attack by
Al-Shabaab in Bondere on 22 July. In other parts of the capital, the military
stalemate largely continued, with disparate militia controlling most neighbourhoods
in Mogadishu. There was a sharp decline in the number of Government and

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AMISOM casualties, most likely as a result of improved security measures and

counter-improvised explosive device procedures. The frequency of attacks with
improvised explosive devices has however led to an increase in civilian casualties
during the reporting period.
13. Beyond Mogadishu, sporadic clashes between Al-Shabaab and ASWJ
continued in the central regions, albeit with no significant changes in control of
territory. Al-Shabaab continued to control the town of Kismaayo and its seaport,
while its positions in the Juba Valley and along the Kenyan border continued to be
attacked sporadically by local clan militia associated with the Transitional Federal
Government and by the rival Ras Kamboni group.
14. Meanwhile, Hizbul Islam was severely weakened following the severance of
ties in May with the Ras Kamboni group. This has undermined Hizbul Islam’s
efforts to gain positions from Al-Shabaab in various regions in southern central
Somalia. During the reporting period, it was alleged that Al-Shabaab and Hizbul
Islam militia were responsible for several security incidents in border towns inside
Kenya.
15. The security situation in “Puntland” has generally become more volatile for
several reasons, including inter-clan disputes and continuing targeted assassinations
of government officials. Further exacerbating the situation was the increased
activity of a clan militia located in the foothills of the Golis mountain range,
believed to have close connections to Al-Shabaab. On 23 July, that militia attacked
five villages and a military checkpoint along the main road between Boosaaso and
Garoowe, which triggered fierce clashes with “Puntland” forces.
16. The situation in “Somaliland” has remained stable during the reporting period,
with the exception of a few security incidents related to the “presidential” elections
held in June. However, isolated clashes were reported in the disputed Sool and
Sanaag regions, in particular the Buuhoodle border area between a group known as
the Sool, Sanaag and Cayn militia and “Somaliland” troops.
17. Continuing insecurity has hampered United Nations operations in Somalia by
limiting freedom of movement for United Nations staff and contractors. In July,
Al-Shabaab seized the compound of the World Food Programme (WFP) and the
houses of six national staff in Wajid and attempted to loot non-food items from the
WFP compound in Buaale. United Nations security missions continued in the central
regions to assess the security conditions and obtain assurances from local authorities
for an expansion of United Nations operations from Gaalkacyo to Dhuusamarreeb
and to the coastal town of Hobyo.

C. Piracy

18. Piracy attacks continued to have a negative impact on maritime safety and
navigation off the coast of Somalia, constraining economic prospects, compromising
business confidence and worsening security in the area. The international naval
presence in the region has made considerable progress in containing the threat of
piracy, but much more needs to be done, notably to address the root causes of the
problem by restoring stability and the rule of law inside Somalia. On 14 May, the
President of the General Assembly convened an informal meeting of the Assembly,
on international maritime piracy. I called for strong, concerted action against piracy

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and suggested possible avenues for a collaborative international response to the

problem. On 12 and 13 July, the Government of Seychelles convened a symposium
on piracy, which received international pledges to support local and regional efforts
to re-establish the rule of law in the Indian Ocean region.
19. The Contact Group on Piracy off the Coast of Somalia held its sixth plenary
meeting on 10 June with the participation of 53 countries and organizations. As at
10 June, the Board of the trust fund supporting initiatives of States countering
piracy off the coast of Somalia had unanimously approved seven projects amounting
to more than $2.4 million. Six of the projects will help to strengthen judiciary and
correctional institutions in Seychelles and Kenya, as well as in “Puntland” and
“Somaliland”.
20. On the basis of a request by Working Group 1 of the Contact Group, a Somali
counter-piracy technical coordination mechanism, referred to as the “Kampala
process”, was established in January 2010. This mechanism involves the
Transitional Federal Government and “Puntland” and “Somaliland” officials at the
technical level. The mechanism has developed terms of reference for coordination
between the three entities on counter-piracy monitoring, internal coordination and
information-generation and -sharing. UNPOS, in collaboration with partners, will
provide secretariat functions, based in Hargeysa, to improve coordination among
regional counter-piracy offices and advance an integrated law reform strategy.
21. Pursuant to Security Council resolution 1918 (2010), on 26 July I submitted a
report (S/2010/394) on possible options for prosecuting and imprisoning suspected
Somali pirates. As requested by the Security Council in resolution 1897 (2009), I
intend to submit, by October a comprehensive report on piracy covering the current
situation off the coast of Somalia and the efforts undertaken by all relevant actors,
including the International Maritime Organization, the Office of Legal Affairs, the
United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, the United Nations Development
Programme (UNDP) and UNPOS.

D. Humanitarian situation

22. Fighting between insurgents and Government forces in Mogadishu continued

to adversely affect civilians. According to the World Health Organization,
approximately 1,600 civilian casualties were admitted to the two main hospitals in
Mogadishu from 20 March to 11 July. That figure includes almost 400 children
under the age of 5 and 48 registered deaths. Meanwhile, Mogadishu’s already weak
health services are struggling to cope with the casualties.
23. The countrywide above-average rains during the April to June Gu rainy season
improved the food security situation, thus reducing the number of people in need of
emergency food assistance. The United Nations Food Security Analysis Unit is
currently conducting a nationwide needs assessment which will be completed by
September. The previous assessment, conducted six months ago, found that
3.2 million people, or 43 per cent of the population, were in need of emergency food
assistance. WFP continues to provide assistance to 1.8 million people in all areas of
Somalia with the exception of areas under Al-Shabaab control. The ongoing
conflict, particularly in Mogadishu, displaced 179,000 people in the first quarter and
75,000 in the second quarter of 2010. According to the Office of the United Nations
High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), in July 16,600 people were displaced

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from Mogadishu, 8,800 of whom fled the city, while 7,700 moved to relatively
calmer districts within Mogadishu. Somalis continue to flee into neighbouring
countries: more than 50,000 refugee arrivals were registered by UNHCR by July,
bringing the total number of Somali refugees in the region to more than 600,000.
24. On 19 and 20 July, the “Puntland” authorities undertook security sweeps in
Boosaaso, which led to the round-up and forced removal of some 900 internally
displaced persons and the deportation of foreigners suspected of having connections
with the insurgency or of being potential targets for recruitment by the insurgents. In
the course of the operation, refugees and asylum-seekers identified by UNHCR were
handed over to the office for registration and documentation, while displaced
persons from southern and central Somalia were released in Galguduud Province.
An inter-agency response was organized in Gaalkacyo to provide humanitarian
relief to the deportees and Somalis forcefully removed from Boosaaso, prior to their
onward journey to Galguduud. It is estimated that “Puntland” hosts more than
100,000 internally displaced persons, mainly from southern Somalia.
25. The forced movement of people, combined with the rains, has limited people’s
access to clean water and basic health services. Over 200 health facilities across
Somalia reported 14,895 cases of acute watery diarrhoea from May to July, of which
1,100 involved children under 5. In addition, access to water for the 366,000
internally displaced persons in the Afgooye corridor has decreased from 14 litres per
person per day to 11.7 litres, for lack of funding.
26. Non-governmental organizations and United Nations agencies have maintained
operations in southern Somalia and continue to provide support to internally
displaced persons in the areas of health and education. United Nations agencies and
non-governmental organizations have expanded their programmes and are
monitoring the impact of the suspension of WFP food aid on malnutrition rates.
Activities such as immunization coverage, access and quality of nutrition services
for severely malnourished children have significantly affected school enrolment
rates, particularly among internally displaced persons. In addition, UNHCR has
coordinated the distribution of non-food items and shelter items throughout
Somalia.
27. In June, an in-depth review of the consolidated appeals process was conducted,
in the light of the limited access and funding available in 2010. The overall
requirements have now been reduced by 15 per cent, from the original requirement
of $689 million to $596 million. As at 26 July, the consolidated appeals process had
received $337 million, of which 52 per cent ($174 million) was a carry-over from
2009. During the first half of 2010, only $151 million in new funding had been
received for the consolidated appeals process, compared to $237 million in new
funding during the same period in 2009.
28. The reduced funding has affected humanitarian programmes across all areas of
intervention. Consequently in June 2010 the Common Humanitarian Fund for
Somalia allocated $20 million in funding for projects in the sectors of nutrition,
health, water, sanitation and hygiene, and agriculture and livelihoods to support
regions with the most urgent humanitarian needs, namely Mudug and Galguduud,
the Afgooye corridor and Banadir, Bay and Lower Juba.

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E. Human rights and protection of civilians

29. The intense fighting in Mogadishu in June and July heightened the suffering of
the civilian population, highlighting the need for all parties to pay greater attention
to the principles of international human rights and humanitarian law relating to the
protection of civilians. Shelling of residential areas continued to cause casualties,
and many people were reportedly trapped in their homes for days as massive
shelling hindered humanitarian access and caused thousands to flee. The United
Nations, the African Union and AMISOM continued discussions on collaboration
with regard to strengthening the protection of civilians and reducing casualties.
30. A United Nations team visited Dadaab refugee camp in Kenya and interviewed
a cross-section of individuals who had fled southern and central Somalia. The
testimonies gathered illustrate patterns of violations and abuse, including the failure
by all parties to the conflict to protect civilian populations; the use and recruitment
of children; and threats, intimidation and other abuses by insurgent groups.
31. From April to early July, UNPOS received reports of nine executions by firing
squad or stoning in areas controlled by Al-Shabaab, mostly for alleged spying,
adultery or murder; five cases of amputation; and reports of some 28 individuals
flogged. Seven cases of beheading were reported, five of which were workers
allegedly involved in reconstruction work at the Parliament.
32. Media houses in Mogadishu were caught between orders from Hizbul Islam,
which directed all radio stations to stop playing music, and instructions from the
Banadir administration of the Transitional Federal Government, which urged radio
stations to continue their operations as usual. Other cases reported include the
detention and questioning by the Transitional Federal Government of a reporter and
a cameraman who took pictures of their wounded colleague caught in the crossfire
on 1 July, as well as an arrest warrant issued against a Somali journalist associated
with an article in the New York Times on the recruitment of children by Transitional
Federal Government forces in June.
33. In May, UNHCR called on all States to uphold their international obligations
towards refugees, insisting that all returns to southern and central Somalia must be
“on a strictly voluntary basis” given the deteriorating security situation on the
ground. The statement was made after more than 100 Somalis were forcibly returned
to Mogadishu from Saudi Arabia. Nevertheless, Somalis continue to be deported,
and it is estimated that 8,000 Somalis may have been deported to Somalia since the
beginning of the year.
34. Monitoring networks recorded some 138 incidents of rape, attempted rape/
sexual assault, forced prostitution and domestic violence for the period from May to
July 2010. Assessments revealed a high prevalence of sexual violence in settlements
of internally displaced persons, mainly in “Somaliland”, where victims were
generally of minority clan origin and bereft of clan protection. It should be noted
that gender-based violence remains grossly under-reported, particularly in southern
and central Somalia.
35. Human trafficking both inside and outside Somalia remains a serious concern.
In May, a report by the International Organization for Migration (IOM) highlighted
the widespread nature of trafficking and the vulnerabilities of internally displaced
persons and economic migrants, particularly women and children. Together with

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“Somaliland” and “Puntland” authorities and civil society, IOM is developing

counter-trafficking programmes.

F. Child protection

36. Children continue to be affected by the conflict in southern and central

Somalia. The recruitment and use of children in armed conflict is still an issue of
major concern, and it is estimated that thousands of children are associated with
Al-Shabaab and Hizbul Islam groups. In July, there were consistent reports of the
forced recruitment by Al-Shabaab of several hundreds of children, some as young as
9, for training and combat purposes. In addition, there are reportedly hundreds of
children present within the forces of the Transitional Federal Government, with
numerous media reports highlighting the recruitment of Somali children, including
those from Kenyan refugee camps. On 15 June, President Sharif, in a public
statement, instructed the Army Chief to investigate the alleged presence of children
in the armed forces and to demobilize any under-age recruits without delay.
Meanwhile, the United Nations has discussed with senior officials of the
Transitional Federal Government the possibility of setting up a task force and
developing an action plan for the release of children from the armed forces.
37. Since the beginning of 2010, the United Nations has received reports of more
than 100 cases of children killed or injured as a result of indiscriminate shelling,
bombing and cross-fire during fighting between insurgents and Transitional Federal
Government forces.

III. Resource mobilization

38. The financial constraints facing many of the Member States have had a major
impact on funds being committed to supporting the Transitional Federal
Government and AMISOM. While 76 per cent ($149.6 million) of the total pledges
made at the Brussels Conference in April 2009 have been received, the United
Nations does not have resources to adequately pay the police and civil servants and
to reimburse countries contributing troops to AMISOM.
39. Experience with the payment of stipends to Somalia police has confirmed that
a credible financial mechanism has been put in place for transferring money for
salaries and key basic services for the Transitional Federal Government. In July
2010, UNPOS completed payment of subsistence allowance for four months to 784
officers who underwent a three-week refresher course at the Mogadishu Police
Academy. This experience may form the basis for a viable mechanism to pay
stipends in the future. There has also been a rise in the number of Member States
using this financial mechanism in recent months. The United Nations also continues
to work with the Transitional Federal Government on accountability and ensuring
that resources provided are channelled to areas of critical need.
40. I am grateful to the Government of Norway for the $200,000 contributed to the
United Nations-administered trust fund in support of Somali transitional security
institutions, to cover the expenses related to the attack in Mogadishu on 3 December
2009. I would also like to recognize the $1.5 million contributed by the United

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Kingdom to the trust fund in support of AMISOM, for a radio communication

system for AMISOM soldiers.
41. The troop allowances for troop contributors to AMISOM are currently being
funded by the European Union. During my recent visit to Burundi, the President,
Pierre Nkurunziza, called for a more predictable system for the payment of troop-
contributing countries. This message was reinforced during my meeting with
President Yoweri Museveni, on 31 May in Uganda, as well as during my discussion
with the Chairperson of the African Union, President Bingu wa Mutharika, during
my official visit to Malawi in May. The Chairperson of the African Union
Commission, Jean Ping, has also explained to me the extreme difficulties the
AMISOM troops face with the current funding mechanism. There seems to be a
broad consensus on the need to align the troop allowances paid to AMISOM
contingent personnel with those applicable to United Nations peacekeepers, but this
has yet to materialize. It appears that potential troop-contributing countries have no
incentive to deploy their troops to dangerous terrain with inadequate reimbursement.
42. The United Nations and AMISOM are exploring ways to address the persistent
lack of funds to pay stipends to Somalia police officers. As noted in my last report,
the Government of Japan provided $10 million. These funds have been used to pay
arrears to all trained police officers to 31 May 2010. However, an additional
$5.4 million is required to cover payments from July through the end of the year. It
is critical that all training packages include provision of stipends from now onward.

IV. Implementation of resolution 1910 (2010)

A. Establishment of the United Nations “light footprint”
in Mogadishu

43. Despite the fluctuating security situation, the United Nations has continued to
maintain a substantive presence in parts of Somalia, as well as a robust intermittent
presence through missions inside the country. My Special Representative and other
senior United Nations officials have made frequent visits to Mogadishu, and are in
the process of establishing a more sustainable political presence to maintain close
contact with the Transitional Federal Government and other key Somali actors.
Since March, the Mine Action Service has secured accommodation for staff
members in an interim camp, which is shared with some components of the United
Nations Support Office for AMISOM (UNSOA), the Department of Safety and
Security and agencies, as availability allows.
44. A permanent facility, currently being constructed by the Mine Action Service,
is to be completed by October 2010 and will accommodate additional international
staff. UNSOA will shortly begin construction of offices and accommodation, while
the United Nations country team has identified a site for an additional United
Nations compound at the boundary of the airport. Secure facilities within the airport
terminal area are currently used by UNPOS and the country team for meetings with
Somali officials. The establishment of offices for United Nations international staff
outside the Mogadishu Airport is not possible under the current security conditions.
45. Meanwhile, the compounds of the United Nations country team and UNICEF
in Mogadishu have continued to serve as accommodation and office space for

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national staff members, and a new WFP facility at the seaport has been approved by
the Department of Safety and Security for use as accommodation and office space.
An expansion of the number of national staff members currently engaged in critical
programme activities in Mogadishu is being considered, on the basis of
permissibility for national staff to reside outside United Nations compounds.
46. Missions outside Mogadishu Airport remain highly risky and dependent on
AMISOM transport and protection, a situation likely to continue in the foreseeable
future. However, the mandated tasks and priorities of AMISOM bind most of its
capacity, which limits the support it can provide to United Nations operations.
Discussions are ongoing on the gradual increase of protection measures to enhance
the safety of United Nations personnel and operations in Mogadishu.
47. UNPOS is in the process of deploying full-time international political presence
in Hargeysa and Garoowe to enhance its engagement with the regional authorities.
UNPOS will have to rely on the infrastructure established by the United Nations
country team in Hargeysa, Garoowe, Gaalkacyo and Boosaaso and is thus currently
negotiating co-location arrangements with the country team.

B. Review of the strategy for Somalia and the United Nations

coordinated approach

48. As indicated in my report to the Security Council of 11 May 2010, optimal

coordination and joint programming between leading United Nations actors on
Somalia are critical to maximize the impact of United Nations activities. To that end
and in line with my policy on integration of United Nations operations, from
31 May to 11 June the United Nations Headquarters Integrated Task Force on
Somalia undertook a mission to review, together with United Nations field-based
presences, the United Nations strategy for Somalia and proposals for better
coordination of United Nations efforts.
49. I am currently reviewing the report of that mission. In the meantime, I have
emphasized to all United Nations departments and agencies working on Somalia the
need to speak with one voice and act in a coherent and coordinated manner. I have
also asked my Special Representative to take immediate measures to strengthen
coordination between UNPOS and the United Nations country team and UNSOA
within the framework of an agreed common vision, objectives and priorities,
including support to AMISOM. I intend to develop proposals for an integrated
United Nations presence, for the attention of the Security Council.

C. Strengthening the political process

50. UNPOS continued to work closely with the Transitional Federal Government
to advance the peace process. UNPOS senior officials conducted several visits to
Mogadishu, during which they held consultations with President Sharif and other
Somali officials. Similar consultations were held in Nairobi during visits by Somali
officials. UNPOS also intensified its engagement with the “Somaliland” and
“Puntland” authorities and, inter alia, undertook several visits to both regions and
established a range of contacts on the ground.

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51. Following a formal request from the Transitional Federal Government, a

United Nations needs assessment mission has examined the conditions for the
conduct of internationally supervised constitutional referendum and elections, as
envisioned in the Transitional Federal Charter. The mission held consultations with
several interlocutors in Nairobi, including donors, and with the President of
“Puntland”. It also held a two-day retreat in Nairobi with the Transitional Federal
Government, including the Speaker, the Minister of Constitution and Federal
Affairs, as well as the chairpersons of the Independent Federal Constitution
Commission and the Parliamentary Constitutional Committee. A report on the
outcome of the mission is being finalized.
52. UNPOS established a gender unit in May, to ensure comprehensive gender
mainstreaming across its programmes and plans, notably to increase women’s
participation in Somalia’s peacebuilding, political and reconciliation process.

D. Progress towards the strengthening and full deployment of AMISOM

53. In accordance with Security Council resolution 1863 (2009), UNSOA is

managing the logistical support package for AMISOM and conducting periodic
inspection and verification of all United Nations-owned and contingent-owned
equipment in Mogadishu. While the United Nations support package is funded from
assessed contributions, AMISOM and its troop contributors also receive financial
support from the United Nations trust fund in support of AMISOM. A further
strengthening of this mechanism is critical to guarantee the reimbursement of
contingent-owned equipment costs and to provide support in areas not financed
from assessed contributions. A major challenge faced by the Secretariat is that,
despite making generous contributions, most donors have placed caveats preventing
any expenditure towards the military component of AMISOM. As a result of this
and very minimal additional contributions, funds for contingent-owned equipment
reimbursement have been exhausted and the United Nations is unable to reimburse
AMISOM troop contributors.
54. UNSOA has improved the living conditions of AMISOM troops, having made
significant progress in building accommodation, kitchens and related facilities.
Construction projects of prefabricated offices, living accommodation and support
facilities, worth $8 million, will be completed in September 2010 to accommodate
4,100 AMISOM personnel.
55. Some progress has also been made in the construction of the AMISOM
permanent headquarters and a level II hospital, following completion of the
procurement process in May. While the urgent need for accommodation in
conformity with United Nations standards for military forces has been met, the
current range of United Nations-provided facilities in Mogadishu does not comply
with the minimum operating security standards of the United Nations in security
Phase V. In order to support the African Union request to relocate AMISOM civilian
personnel to Mogadishu, UNSOA is constructing prefabricated buildings comprising
three suites, offices and living accommodation for support staff, and one reinforced
bunker.
56. In response to the African Union/IGAD decision to deploy 2,000 additional
troops, UNSOA has initiated preparations to assist the rapid deployment of those

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troops. Meanwhile, UNSOA has augmented the provision of medical equipment to

AMISOM to enhance its medical capacities up to a level II field hospital.
57. UNSOA has stepped up its support to secure AMISOM tactical
communications; it will provide hand-held radios and install mobile radios in
armoured vehicles and armoured personnel carriers. Furthermore, UNSOA has
continued to provide training in explosive ordnance disposal to AMISOM.
58. Starting on 1 July 2010, the mandate and functions of the United Nations
planning team in Addis Ababa were transferred to the newly established United
Nations Office to the African Union. That team helped to formulate the first
AMISOM mission implementation plan, to update strategic directives for AMISOM,
and to develop the AMISOM police concept of operations.

E. Strengthening of the Somali security institutions and development

of a national security strategy

Policy and coordination

59. Under the co-chairmanship of the Prime Minister of the Transitional Federal
Government and the Special Representative of the Secretary-General, the Joint
Security Committee met on 7 and 8 August in Nairobi. Discussions focused on
achieving progress, covering several areas, including support to the Somali security
forces and police and the security ministries. The Committee also reviewed and
adopted its revised terms of reference, reaffirmed its commitment to the protection
of civilians and emphasized the need to avoid civilian casualties through training,
information gathering, the provision of appropriate operational equipment and the
application of the relevant rules of engagement in conformity with international law.
The Committee welcomed the renewed commitment of AMISOM to mentor
Transitional Federal Government forces and its efforts to establish a safe zone in
Mogadishu. The Committee also encouraged the United Nations, through UNPOS
and in partnership with the African Union, to play a catalytic role in mobilizing
resources from the international community in support of the Transitional Federal
Government and AMISOM. The Joint Security Committee recommended that the
international community gradually move its offices back to Mogadishu.
60. UNPOS has continued to coordinate efforts in the following areas:
standardizing training for both the police and military; setting up of a military
training camp in Somalia; ensuring the establishment of a coordinated mechanism to
effect and monitor the payment of stipends; and enhancing the capacity and strategic
role of the Joint Security Committee and its working groups. UNPOS also continued
to support the Transitional Federal Government in developing long-term options for
paying salaries to the security forces from the Transitional Federal Government
budget.

Military
61. UNPOS continued to assist the Transitional Federal Government in the
development of its armed forces. While the focus is currently to help the national
security forces to consolidate and address immediate security threats, significant
progress is required in coordinating international assistance and building a common
approach to material and training support.

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62. The European Union training mission currently consists of 55 military trainers
at Bihanga Camp, Uganda, and 20 staff at its Kampala headquarters. The mission
aims to train over 1,000 national security force recruits by September, including 97
ASWJ soldiers, followed by another 1,000 recruits. The United States is committed
to providing 18 months’ worth of stipends to 1,000 soldiers to be trained by the
European Union training mission. To date, no donor has offered to continue this
commitment. Regrettably, most training pledges made to the Transitional Federal
Government to date do not include stipends, which makes desertions and defections
highly likely.

Police
63. The United Nations continued to help the Transitional Federal Government to
develop a professional and accountable police force, while also supporting police
services in “Somaliland” and “Puntland”. The initial target of 10,000 Transitional
Federal Government police officers, set in the Djibouti peace agreement, was
lowered to 7,000 by the Somalia Police Commissioner, in consultation with the
Police Technical Working Group of the Joint Security Committee; the Committee
endorsed this reduction on 8 August.
64. By mid-July, 4,511 Somalia police officers had been trained under the
umbrella of the international community. A total of 500 additional police recruits
will be trained in Djibouti for three months, beginning in August 2010. Regarding
the 1,100 officers trained in Somalia in 2008 and the 925 officers trained in Ethiopia
in 2009-2010, AMISOM will assess the training received and advise on the need for
refresher courses, prior to their full integration into the Somalia police force.

Justice and corrections

65. Support to the justice sector, particularly in southern and central Somalia, has
proceeded slowly during the reporting period, which saw a change at the helm of the
Ministry of Justice. The Chief Justice and the Attorney-General agreed in April to
programme the resumption of activities supported by UNDP, including a training
programme for judges and prosecutors and the provision of essential equipment,
including furniture and legal resources, as well as the rehabilitation of the main
justice compound in Mogadishu. The Chief Justice confirmed that the Appeals and
Regional Courts at the Banadir Court Compound are operational, as are eight
District Courts within areas under the control of the Transitional Federal
Government, subject to the day-to-day security situation. The Chief Justice reported
that, early in 2010, there were 37 judges, 11 prosecutors and 29 clerks and
registrars, as well as 42 ancillary staff employed in those Courts.
66. UNDP is currently undertaking a comprehensive judicial training programme
for “Somaliland” and “Puntland” judges and prosecutors, of whom fewer than
5 per cent currently have recognized legal qualifications. It is expected that all
judges in both regions will have completed an eight-month course by the end of
2011. It is important to note that prison facilities in “Puntland” are increasingly
strained, owing to the rising number of pirates in detention, adding pressure to an
already weak penal system. The “Puntland” prison population has grown by
approximately 10 per cent per month, the majority of prisoners being detained
without due process. UNDP supported the establishment of a prison headquarters in
“Puntland” to improve coordination, planning and internal oversight. Medical

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supplies and communications equipment were also provided to the penitentiary

authorities in “Puntland”.

Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration and community security

67. Basic preconditions remain unmet for the implementation of a conventional
disarmament, demobilization and reintegration programme in southern and central
Somalia. The priority remains to assist the Transitional Federal Government in
developing responses for several hundred “transitional” fighters who have
abandoned the insurgency.

F. Humanitarian, recovery and development activities

68. Since May, WFP deliveries of over 25,000 tons of food aid have benefited
1.3 million Somalis. Despite the temporary suspension of WFP activities in parts of
southern Somalia, it continues to provide food assistance to more than 500,000
people in Mogadishu. During the first half of 2010, WFP and its partners provided
emergency food assistance to 100,860 acutely malnourished children and 80,000
pregnant or lactating women. Humanitarian agencies in Somalia reached an
estimated 60 per cent of all affected children with severe acute malnutrition, making
Somalia one of only three countries in east and southern Africa with such a coverage
rate.
69. During the reporting period, Child Health Days reached more than 1.5 million
children and 1.3 million women of childbearing age. The Child Health Days have
allowed children under 1 to receive the third dosage of diphtheria, pertussis and
tetanus vaccine, and for the first time in the past 20 years Somalia has achieved
51 per cent coverage of this vaccine. Meanwhile, seven hospitals were provided
with emergency services, including comprehensive emergency obstetric care, in
seven regions of southern and central Somalia. From January to July, clean water
was delivered to 1.3 million people affected by forced displacement, mainly in
southern and central Somalia.
70. Since early in 2010, access to education has increased through the construction
of 153 classrooms, rehabilitation of 106 learning spaces and installation of
40 school tents. By mid-year, 57,000 additional children had access to primary
education in emergency areas and nearly 2,500 teachers were trained. In total,
109,682 children, of whom almost 51,000 were girls, received basic education. WFP
provided school meals to some 64,000 children in primary schools.
71. Rehabilitation of Mogadishu port by WFP continued, including the provision
of generators, the supply and installation of port fenders, and the construction of a
64,000-litre water tank, as well as the dredging of berths and the removal of
wreckage to facilitate access. Those works have enhanced the effectiveness of the
port. In addition, rehabilitation of the Boosaaso port in “Puntland” has begun to
improve the functionality of the port.
72. During the reporting period, the United Nations Humanitarian Air Service
transported an average of 1,350 aid workers and 16 tons of equipment and supplies
on a monthly basis. However, funding resources previously available ran out at the
end of July, and the United Nations is urgently seeking $5.5 million to maintain
those vital humanitarian flights until the end of 2010.

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73. The United Nations continued to work closely with the “Somaliland” and
“Puntland” Mine Action Centres and relevant authorities to ensure effective and
coordinated mine action activities. Since my last report, the Mine Action Service has
trained six humanitarian explosive ordnance disposal and survey teams to conduct
survey identification, marking, removal and destruction of explosive remnants of
war in southern and central Somalia. Mine risk education activities continued and
149,979 beneficiaries throughout Somalia benefited from awareness messaging
during the first half of 2010.
74. In June, the United Nations supported a study tour to Rwanda for 19 officials
of the Transitional Federal Government, on the development and implementation of
reconciliation, recovery and reconstruction programmes, as well as implementation
of public administration and public finance management reforms. Also in June, the
United Nations conducted public financial management training for auditors,
accountants and the budget department of the Ministry of Finance in Garoowe,
“Puntland”, while 72 civil servants graduated from the United Nations-supported
“Somaliland” Civil Service Institute.

V. Observations/recommendations
75. The reporting period was marked by internal tensions within the Transitional
Federal Government and institutions, which diverted attention from the
implementation of the key transitional tasks. I appeal to the Government and the
Parliament to resolve political disputes and to take concrete steps towards the
fulfilment of commitments on the basis of clear benchmarks and timelines and
through a systematic and genuine process of consultation and dialogue. It is
important that the Transitional Federal Government develop credible government
structures to deliver services to its people. The Cabinet must remain focused on
implementing the critical tasks ahead, prior to the end of the transitional period in
August 2011.
76. In order to support the Transitional Federal Government in addressing some of
its most daunting challenges, notably extending its authority and combating the
threat of extremism, I appeal to the international community to provide urgent
military and financial support and other resources to the Transitional Federal
Government. I also strongly encourage donors to scale up their utilization of the
Government’s PricewaterhouseCoopers facility in the delivery of assistance. I am
encouraged by the successful accountability measures introduced by the
Government and the tracking mechanisms established by my Special
Representative, which are important not only for resource mobilization but also for
harnessing the political support needed to advance the Somalia peace process.
77. As Somalia’s transition period approaches its end, I am concerned that the
transitional agenda remains largely unfulfilled. Unity within the transitional federal
institutions remains critical for confidence-building among Somalis and the
international community. Now is the time for the transitional federal institutions to
show determination to complete the transitional tasks. I am pleased to note the
significant progress made in preparation of the draft constitution, and I encourage
the transitional federal institutions to initiate an inclusive consultative process and
use all possible means to complete this critical transitional task.

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78. I am encouraged by the efforts of the Joint Security Committee to coordinate

security sector development initiatives. I appeal to the international community to
reinforce its support for the training, equipping and sustenance of the Somalia police
force and national security forces, including by establishing coordinated
mechanisms to perform and monitor the regular payment of stipends.
79. The horrific suicide attacks in Kampala remind us of the danger that the
insurgents pose to Somalia, to the subregion and beyond. I extend my heartfelt
condolences to the Government of Uganda and other affected Governments, and to
the families of the victims.
80. I acknowledge the critical role that the African Union and IGAD play in
supporting the Somali peace process. I am pleased to note the increased level of
coordination between the United Nations and those important regional
organizations. I pay special tribute to AMISOM, which continues to operate in a
very difficult environment. I wish to reiterate my call to the international
community to urgently lend AMISOM the support it needs to effectively discharge
its mandate.
81. Eighteen months after the establishment of existing United Nations funding
arrangements to AMISOM, substantial resource gaps continue to adversely affect its
effectiveness, and possibly discourage potential troop contributors. It is my belief
that the support package for AMISOM should be identical to the support provided to
United Nations peacekeeping operations. It is also my belief that rapid action should
be taken to ensure parity between the reimbursement rate for AMISOM contingent
personnel and United Nations contingent personnel. I intend to hold further
consultations with the African Union, the European Union and major donors before
presenting proposals to the Security Council to resolve the lack of sustainable
funding for reimbursement of the costs of contingent-owned equipment, and to
secure long-term commitment to provide troop allowances to AMISOM personnel.
82. Humanitarian organizations are struggling to provide vital assistance to
3.2 million people in Somalia, including internally displaced persons. Resources for
key sectors such as water, health and nutrition are less than 40 per cent funded. I
call on the donor community to continue its critical support to the people of
Somalia. I also call on all parties to the conflict to respect humanitarian principles
and allow the delivery of assistance to populations most in need.
83. I remain deeply concerned about the devastating impact of the conflict on the
civilian population and the lack of respect for international human rights and
humanitarian law. My new Special Representative will continue discussions with the
Transitional Federal Government, IGAD and AMISOM on the issue of protection of
civilians. I remind all parties to the conflict that those found responsible for war
crimes will face justice. In that regard, I support the proposal to document the most
serious violations committed, as an essential step in the fight against impunity and
for the creation of justice and reconciliation mechanisms.
84. I reiterate my commitment to ensuring maximum coordination of United
Nations efforts on Somalia, in line with my policy of integration of United Nations
operations. I am pleased that the United Nations team in Nairobi has increased its
coordination efforts under the leadership of my new Special Representative. Some
of the measures put in place include the establishment of a Senior Policy Group on
Somalia, bringing together the Special Representative of the Secretary-General, the

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Resident and Humanitarian Coordinator for Somalia, and the Director of UNSOA,
to ensure an integrated, coherent United Nations approach to the challenges
confronting Somalia. In addition, I intend to take steps towards establishing an
integrated United Nations presence in Somalia.
85. I wish to express my deep appreciation to my former Special Representative,
Ahmedou Ould-Abdallah, for his unwavering dedication and commitment to
advancing the cause of peace and stability in Somalia and to raising the profile of
the Somali conflict. His efforts contributed to the Djibouti Agreement, which has
served as a strong foundation for the political and security strategy of the United
Nations for Somalia. I am particularly grateful for his close engagement with the
Somali diaspora, whom he constantly reminded of the benefits of a peaceful and
stable Somalia, and for his reminding us constantly of our obligations to the people
of Somalia.
86. I call on the Somali people and the international community to lend
unwavering support and cooperation to my new Special Representative. I pay tribute
to the men and women serving in UNPOS, UNSOA, the United Nations country
team, and other relevant organizations, as well as to members of the
non-governmental humanitarian community who operate under difficult conditions.

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