Whereas An Essay Presents Arguments and Reasoning, A Report Concentrates On Facts
Whereas An Essay Presents Arguments and Reasoning, A Report Concentrates On Facts
Whereas An Essay Presents Arguments and Reasoning, A Report Concentrates On Facts
on facts.
A description of a sequence of events or a situation;
Some interpretation of the significance of these events or situation, whether solely your own
analysis or informed by the views of others, always carefully referenced of course
An evaluation of the facts or the results of your research;
Discussion of the likely outcomes of future courses of action;
Your recommendations as to a course of action; and
Conclusions
You will usually receive a clear brief for a report, including what you are studying and for whom the
report should be prepared.
First of all, consider your brief very carefully and make sure that you are clear who the report is for (if
you're a student then not just your tutor, but who it is supposed to be written for), and why you are
writing it, as well as what you want the reader to do at the end of reading: make a decision or agree a
recommendation, perhaps.
During your planning and writing, make sure that you keep your brief in mind: who are you writing
for, and why are you writing?
All your thinking needs to be focused on that, which may require you to be ruthless in your reading and
thinking. Anything irrelevant should be discarded.
As you read and research, try to organise your work into sections by theme, a bit like writing a
Literature Review.
Make sure that you keep track of your references, especially for academic work. Although referencing
is perhaps less important in the workplace, it’s also important that you can substantiate any assertions
that you make so it’s helpful to keep track of your sources of information.
Introduction
The introduction sets out what you plan to say and provides a brief summary of the problem under
discussion. It should also touch briefly on your conclusions.
The main body of the report should be carefully structured in a way that leads the reader through the
issue.
You should split it into sections using numbered sub-headings relating to themes or areas for
consideration. For each theme, you should aim to set out clearly and concisely the main issue under
discussion and any areas of difficulty or disagreement. It may also include experimental results. All the
information that you present should be related back to the brief and the precise subject under
discussion.
Recommendations suggest how you think the situation could be improved, and should be specific,
achievable and measurable. If your recommendations have financial implications, you should set these
out clearly, with estimated costs if possible.
You should therefore aim for crisp, precise text, using plain English, and shorter words rather than
longer, with short sentences.
ESSAYS
Introduction paragraph
First sentence
Thesis statement
Body paragraph
Give statistics
Information on the subject
Research on the topic
Relevant data if any
Conclusion paragraph