អនុគមន៍អិចស្ប៉ូ និងលោការីត ត្រីកោណមាត្រ PDF

lwm pl:ún nig Esn Bisidæ
sñaédeá£Bum<pßay
esovePAKNitviTüa ½
1-dMeNa£RsaylMhat´KNitviTüa eá£Bum< qñaM2000
( sRmabéRtomRbLgcUlsaklviTüal&y nig GaharUbkrN_ )
2-BiPBsVIútcMnYnBit ( sRmab´fñak´TI11 nig sisßBUEkKNitviTüa )
3- GnuKmn_RtIekaNmaRt ( sRmab´fñak´TI11 nig sisßBUEkKNitviTüa )
4- dMeNa£RsayKMrU cMnYnkMupøic lImIt edrIev ( sRmab´fñak´TI12)
5- segçbrUbmnþKNitviTüa ( sRmab´fñak´TI11-12 )
6- KMrUsikßaGnuKmn_ ( sRmab´fñak´TI11-12 )
7- kMEnlMhat´KNitviTüafñak´TI10kmμviFIsikßafμI ( PaK1 qñaM2008 )
8- 151 KNnalImIt ( sRmab´fñak´TI11-12 )
9- KNitviTüaCMuvijBiPBelak PaK1- PaK2 nig PaK3
( sRmab´sisßBUEkKNitviTüafñak´TI11 nig 12 )
10- kMEnlMhat´KNitviTüafñak´TI11 kMritmUldæan kmμviFIsikßafμI
( PaK1 qñaM2009 )
11-sIVúténcMnYnBit sRmab´fñak´TI11 kMritx<s´ nig kMritmUldæan
GñkcUlrYmRtYtBinitübec©keTs
elak lwm qun
elak Esn Bisidæ
elakRsI Tuy rINa
elak Titü em¨g
elak RBwm sunitü
elak pl b‘unqay
GñkRtYtBinitüGkçraviruTæ
elak lwm miKþsir
karIkMuBüÚT&r
kBaØa lI KuNÑaka
GñkniBnæ nig eroberog
elak lwm plþún nig elak Esn Bisidæ
GarmÖkfa
esovePA GnuKmn_ Gics,:ÚNgÉsül elakarIt nig RtIekaNmaRt
sRmab´fñak´TI11 kMritmUldæan nig kMritx<s´ EdlGñksikßakMBugkanénAkñúgéden£
xMJúáTáneroberog niBnæ eLIgkñúgeKalbMngTukCaÉksarsRmab´GñksikßaEdlman
bMngcgýl´dwgGMBIemeronsIVúténcMnYnBiten¼[kanÉtc,as´ nigmüa¨geTotedIm,I
CaCMnYydl´GñksikßaEdlmanbMngeRtomRbLgsisßBUEkEpñkKNitviTüa
nig eRtomRbLgykGaharUbkrN_nana .
enAkñúgesovePAen£eyIgxMJúánxitxMRsavRCaveRCIserIsyklMhatýa¨g
sRmaMgbMputykmkeFIVdMeNa£Rsayya¨gek,a£k,ayEdlGac[elakGñk
gayyl´qabćgcaMGMBIsil,£énkareda£RsayTaMgGsén£ .
büEnþeTa£Caya¨gNak¾eday kgV£xat nig kMhusqþgedayGectnaRákd
CaekItmanCaBMuxan TaMgbec©keTs nig GkçraviruTæ .
GaRs&yehtuen£ eyIgxMJúCaGñkeroberogrgćaMedayrIkrayCanic©nUvmtiri£Kn´
EbbsSabnaBIsMNak´GñksikßakñúgRKb´mCÄdæanedIm,ICYyEklMG esovePAen£
[ánkanÉtsuRkiRtPaBEfmeTot .
CaTIbBa©bén£eyIgxMJúGñkeroberogsUmeKarBCUnBrdl´GñksikßaTaMgGs´
[mansuxPaBmaMmYn nig TTYlC&yCMn£RKb´Parkic© .
át´dMbgéf¶TI 12 kk;da 2009
GñkniBnæ lwm plþún
Tel : (017) 768 246
Éksareyag
1> esovePAKNitviTüafñak;TI11 kMritmUldæan nig kMritx<s;rbs;RksYg

Gb;rM qñaM 2009
2> Gius,Ú:Ng;Esül nig elakarIt rbs;elak lwm yUesg qñaM1999
3>103 Trigonometry Problems
( Titu Andreescu and Zuming Feng )
4> 360 Problems for Mathematical Contests

( Titu Andreescu and Dorin Andrica )
5> Mathematical Olympiad Treasures

( Titu Andreescu and Boddan Enescu )
6> International Mathematical Olympiads 1959-1977

( Samuel L. Greitzer )
eroberogeday lwm pl:ún nig Esn Bisidæ
-1-
EpñkRbFanlMhat´
1-eK[GnuKmn_ f ( x ) = 2 x − 3 x + 4 + 22+ 3 x − x
2 2
k> cUrbgðajfaRKb;cMnYnBit x eK)an f ( x ) ≥ 16 .

x> rktémø x edIm,I[ f ( x ) = 20 .
2 x +1 + 2
2-eK[GnuKmn_ f ( x ) = 2 x 2
+
k> cMeBaHRKb;cMnYnBit m nig n ebI m + n = 1 enaHcUrRsayfa
f ( m ) + f ( n) = 3 .
x> KNnaplbUk S = ∑  f  p k+ 1  .

p
p
k =1   
e x − e− x
3-eK[GnuKmn_ f ( x) = x
e + e− x
k>cUrRsayfa f ( x ) CaGnuKmn_ess .
x>cMeBaHRKb;cMnYnBit a nig b cUrRsayfa ³
f (a ) + f (b)
f (a + b ) =
1 + f (a ) f (b )
-2-
4-eK[GnuKmn_ f ( x ) = (2 + 3 ) x + (2 − 3 ) x
k>cUrRsayfa f ( x ) CaGnuKmn_KU .
x>cMeBaHRKb;cMnYn x cUrbgðajfa f ( x ) ≥ 2 .
K>edaHRsaysmIkar f ( x ) = 14 .
5-edaHRsaysmIkarxageRkam ³
k> 9 x − 4 . 3 x + 2 + 243 = 0
x> 4 x − 9.2 x + 2 + 128 = 0
K> 32 x + 3 − 5 . 6 x +1 + 22 x + 3 = 0
X> ( 3 + 2 ) x + ( 3 − 2 ) x = 10
g> ( 2 − 3 ) + ( 2 + 3 ) = 14
x x
6-edaHRsaysmIkar ³
x2 − x x2 − x x2 − x x2 − x
3 4 5 6
+ + =
3x 4x 5x 6x
7-edaHRsaysmIkar ³
( x − 1) 2 ( x −1)2 ( x − 1) 2
4 +6= 2 +2 8 +8
8-edaHRsaysmIkar ³
10 − x 2
+ 3( x − 2) = 6 x − x 2
4 x − 11 2
3 +3
-3-
9-edaHRsaysmIkar ³
4 x + ( x − 14) 2 x − 8 x + 48 = 0
10-
10-edaHRsaysmIkar ³
 43  15 21 x
9 . 4 − x − 3.2 − x  − 7 x  + − =0
 4  2 4
x2 −3 x 1 x2 −4 x+ 2
3 + =3 + 3 x−3
3
12-
12-edaHRsayRbBnæ½smIkar ³
 x y 1
 2 3 =
72

 3x 4y = 1
 432
13-
x −1
2 x−2 . 3 x +1
= 2 3
14-
14-eK[sIVútcMnYnBit (a ) kMnt;eday a = 1 nig TMnak;TMng
n 0
kMeNIn a = log (4 + 2 )
n+1 2
an 1+ a n
Edl n = 0 ; 1 ; 2 ; ... .
k>eKtag b = 1 + 2 .
n
an
-4-
bgðajfa b = b RKb; n ≥ 0 .
n+1 n
2
x>edayeRbIGnumanrYmKNitviTüacUrRsayfa b = 3 . n
2n
K>TajrktY a énsIVút (a ) CaGnuKmn_én n .

n n
15-eK[sIVútcMnYnBit (a ) kMnt;eday a = 1 nigTMnak;TMng

15- n 0
kMeNIn a = log (27 + 3 + 3 )

n+1 3
an 1+ 2 a n 1 + bn
Edl n = 0 ; 1 ; 2 ; ... .
k>eKtag b = 1 + 3 .
n
an
n+1 n
3
x>KNna b nig a CaGnuKmn_én n .

n n
16-eK[GnuKmn_ f ( x ) = lg  11 +− xx 
16-
 
k>rkEdnkMnt;énGnuKmn_enH .
x>cMeBaHRKb;cMnYnBit − 1 < a < 1 nig − 1 < b < 1
cUrbgðajfa f (a ) + f (b) = f  1a++abb  .
 
17-
17-eK[sIVúténcMnYnBit (u ) kMnt;eday ³
n n≥ 0
u = a nig u = (u ) Edl a > 2 .

log 2 un
0 n+1 n
k>cUrbgðajfa u > 2 cMeBaHRKb; n = 0 ;1 ; 2 ; .... .

n
-5-
x>eKtag V = log u . bgðajfa V = V .
n 2 n n+1 n
2
K>eKtag W = log V .n 2 n
bgðajfa (W ) CasIVútFrNImaRt
n
X>KNna W ; V nig u CaGnuKmn_én n .

n n n
18-
18-eK[ x nig y CaBIrcMnYnBitepÞógpÞat;
4 + 4 = 5.2
x y
. x + y −1
cUrRsayfa x + y = 1 + 2 log  2 +3 2 

x y
2
 
19-
19-edaHRsaysmIkarxageRkam
arxageRkam ³
k> (log x ) + log  4x  = 0
2
2
2
 
 x3 
x> (log 2 x ) + log 0,5   = 0
2
 4 
K> log x = 1 + log 4
2 x
X> (log (2 + 1)) − 3 log (2 + 1) + 2 = 0

3
x 2
3
x
g> 7 − 8 . 7
log 2 x 2 1 + log 2 x
+ 343 = 0
20-
20-edaHRsaysmIkarxageRkam ³
k> (log x ) + ( x − 5) log x + x − 6 = 0
2
2
2
-6-
x> (log 3 x ) + 2( x − 5) log 3 x − 6 x + 21 = 0
2
2
 
K>  log 1
 x  + ( x + 3) log 1 x + 4 x − 4 = 0
 2  2
21-
21-k>cUrRsaybBa¢ak;fa A log a B = B log a A
Edl a ; A ; B CabIcMnYnBitviC¢man nig xusBI 1 .
x>edaHRsaysmIkar 7 + x = 686 log 2 x log 2 7
22-
22-edaHRsaysmIkar log (log x ) + log (log x ) = 2
2 4 4 2
23-
23-eK[sIVút u = log ( 1 + 2 ) Edl n ∈ IN
n 2
2n
KNna S = ∑ (u ) = u + u + u + .... + u .
n
n k 0 1 2 n
k =0
 
24-
24- eK[sIVút u n
x
= ln 2 cos n − 1  Edl n ∈ IN
 2 
KNna S = ∑ (u ) = u .
n
n k 0 + u1 + u2 + .... + un
k =0
25-
25- edaHRsayRbBn½æsmIkar
 1
 4 x
. 5 y
=
400

 5x .6 y = 1
 900
-7-
26-
30 log x 3
x + log 0,5 x x 2 − log 4 x x 3 = 0
27-
27- edaHRsayRbBn½æsmIkar ³
 5 ( log y x + log x y ) = 26

 x y = 64
28-
28-eda¼RsaysmIkar ½
log 62− x (54 − x 3 ) − 5 log 6− x ( 54 − x 3 ) + 6 = 0 ¿
29-
1 + log 2
( 3− x )3
( 9 x 2
− x 3
) =
1
3
log 3− x ( 9 x 2
− x 3
) ¿
30-
30-eK[GnuKmn_
 3x + 1   4x2 + 4 
f ( x ) = log 2  2 
 . log
2


 x + 1  3x + 1 
 3x + 1  4x2 + 4 
k¿ eda¼RsaysmIkar log 2  2  = log 2  3 x + 1 
 x + 1  
x¿ kMNt´témø x edIm,I[kenßam log 2  3 x2 + 1  nig
 x + 1
 4x2 + 4 
log 2   viC¢manRBmKña .

 3x + 1 
-8-
K¿ rktémøFMbMputénGnuKmn_ f ( x ) elIcenøa¼ [ 0 ; 3 ] .
31-
31-eK[GnuKmn_ f ( x ) = ln( x + 1 + x 2 ) , x ∈ IR
cUrRsaybBa¢ak´fa f ( 1 +a a+ +b b ) < f ( 1 +a a + 1 +b b )
cMeBa¼RKb´ a > 0 , b > 0 .
32-
32-eK[ a ≥ 1 nig b ≥ 1 .
cUrbgHajfa log 2 a + log 2 b ≤ 2 log 2 ( a +2 b )
33-
n
un = log 2  1 +  . log 2 (n2 + n )

 1
 n
Edl n = 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; .... .
k>cUrbgðajfa u > 0 cMeBaHRKb; n ≥ 1
n
x>KNnaplbUk S = u + u + u + .... + u CaGnuKmn_én n

n 1 2 3 n
K>kMnt; n edIm,I[ S = 100 .

n
34-
34-eK[GnuKmn_ f ( x ) = x 2+ log x Edl x > 0
2
eKtag u1 = f ( x ) ; u2 = f ( f ( x )) ; u3 = f ( f ( f ( x )))
nig un = fn ( f (.... f ( f ( x ))....)) .
k>eKyk Vn = 1 + log2 un . cUrbgðajfa Vn+1 = Vn2
-9-
x>eRbIGnumanrYmKNitviTüacUrRsayfa Vn = V12 . n
K>KNna Vn nig un CaGnuKmn_én n nig x .

35-
n
u = log
n
(n + 2) Edl n = 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; .... .
( n + 1)
k>cUrbgðajfa (u ) CasIVútcuHCanic©cMeBaHRKb; n ≥ 1
n
x>KNnaplbUk S = ln u + ln u + ln u + .... + ln u
n 1 2 3 n
CaGnuKmn_én n
36-
36-eK[ f ( x ) = sin4 x + 4 cos2 x − cos4 + 4 sin2 x
k> sRmYl f ( x )
x>kMnt; x edIm,I[ f ( x ) = 12
37-cMeBaHRKb; n ∈ IN eK[ Sn = cosn 12π + sinn 12π
37-
k> KNnatémø cos 12π nig sin 12π
x> bgðajfa 4 Sn+ 2 − 2 6Sn+1 + Sn = 0
38-cUrbgðajfa cos π7 − cos 27π + cos 37π = 12
38-
(IMO 1963)
- 10 -
39-KNna A = (1 − 4 sin2 π5 ) (1 − 4 sin2 35π )
39-
40-
40-eK[ f ( x) = 2
x3
4x + 4x − 1
. KNnatémø f (cos π7 ) .
41-
41-eK[ 1
f k ( x ) = (sin k x + cos k x )
k
Edl k = 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; ...
cUrbgðajfa f4 ( x ) − f6 ( x ) = 121 .
42-
42-cUrbgðajfacMeBaHRKb;cMnYnKt;FmµmµCati n nig cMeBaHRKb;
cMnYnBit x ≠ k2πt Edl t = 0 , 1 , 2 , ...., n
nig k CacMnYnKt;eKmansmPaB ³
1 1 1
+ + ..... + n
= cot x − cot 2 n
x
sin 2 x sin 4 x sin 2 x
(IMO 1966)
43-
43-eK[ a , b , c , d CacMnYnenAkñúgcenøaH [ 0 ; π ]
edaydwgfa
sin a + 7 sin b = 4(sin c + 2 sin d )

cos a + 7 cos b = 4(cos c + 2 cos d )
cUrbgðajfa 2 cos(a − d ) = 7 cos(b − c ) .
- 11 -
44-
44-cUrsresrCaplKuNktþaénkenSam ³
sin( x − y ) + sin( y − z ) + sin( z − x )
45-
45-eK[RtIekaN ABC mYymanRCug a ; b ; c .
tag p = a + 2b + c CaknøHbrimaRténRtIekaN .
k-cUrbgðajfa sin A2 = ( p − bbc)( p − c ) rYcsresrTMnak;TMng
BIreTotEdlRsedogKñaenH .
x-cUrRsayfa sin A2 sin B2 sin C2 ≤ 18
46-
46- eK[RtIekaN ABC ehIyeKtag r nig R erogKñaCakaMrgVg;
carwkkñúg nig kaMrgVg;carwkeRkAénRtIekaN .
cUrRsayfa cos A + cos B + cos C = 1 + Rr
47-
tag p = a + 2b + c CaknøHbrimaRténRtIekaNehIy r nig R
erogKñaCakaMrgVg;carwkkñúg nig kaMrgVg;carwkeRkAénRtIekaN .
k-cUrbgðajfa ab + bc + ca = r 2 + p2 + 4r R
x-cUrbgðajfa a 2 + b2 + c 2 = 2 p2 − 2r 2 − 8r R
- 12 -
48-
tag p = a + 2b + c CaknøHbrimaRténRtIekaNehIy r
CakaMrgVg;carwkkñúgénRtIekaN . cUrRsayfa ³
k> ( p − a ) tan A2 = ( p − b) tan B2 = ( p − c ) tan C2 = r
x> tan A2 + tan B2 + tan C2 = 4 Rp+ r
K> tan A2 tan B2 tan C2 = rp
X> cot A2 + cot B2 + cot C2 = rp
49-
49-eK[RtIekaN ABC mYymanRCu manRCug a ; b ; c .
tag S CaépÞRkla nig R CakaMrgVg;carwkeRkARtIekaN .
k>cUrbgðajfa a cos A + b cos B + c cos C = 2abc R2
x> cUrbgðajfa a 2 cot A + b 2 cot B + c 2 cot C = 4 S
50-
tag r CakaMrgVg;carwkkñúg nig R CakaMrgVg;carwkeRkARtIekaN .
cUrbgðajfa a cot A + b cot B + c cot C = 2(r + R)
- 13 -
51-
51-bgðajfakñúgRtIekaN ABC mYyeKman
a−b A− B C
= tan tan
a+b 2 2
52-
52-bgðajfakñ
ajfakñúgRtIekaN ABC mYyeKman
a 2 b2 c 2 A B C
+ + ≥ 4(sin 2 + sin 2 + sin 2 )
bc ca ab 2 2 2
53-
53-bgðajfakñúgRtIekaN ABC mYyeKman
cos A cos B cos C 81
+ + ≥
a3 b3 c3 16 p 3
54-bgðajfakñúgRtIekaN ABC mYyEdl A ≠ B ≠ C eKman
54-
k> a sin( B − C ) + b sin(C − A) + c sin( A − B ) = 0
B − C ) + b sin (C − A) + c sin ( A − B )
x> a sin (sin(
3 3 3 3 3 3
= 3abc
B − C ) sin( C − A) sin( A − B )
55-eK[sIVúténcMnYnBit (U n ) kMnt;eday ³
55-
nπ
n
U n = 2 . sin
4
Edl n ∈ IN *
k>cUrbgðajfa 2 . cos (n +41)π = cos n4π − sin n4π

x> Taj[)anfa U = ( 2 ) cos n4π − ( 2 ) cos (n +41)π
n
n n+1
K> KNnaplbUk S n = U 1 + U 2 + U 3 + ......... + U n

CaGnuKmn_én n .
- 14 -
56-
56-eK[ x CacMnYnBitEdl 60 x 2 − 71 x + 21 < 0 .
cUrbgðajfa sin  3 xπ− 1  < 0 .
 

57-eK[ 0 < x < π2 . cUrRsaybBa¢ak;fa ³
57-
 1  1 
 1 +  1 +  ≥ 1+ 2
 sin x   cos x 
58-eK[RtIekaN ABC .
1-
1-cMeBaHRKb; x , y ∈]0 , π [ cUrRsayfa ³
x+ y
sin x + sin y ≤ 2 sin ( ).
2
2-
2-cUrRsayfa sin A + sin B + sin C ≤ 3 2 3 .
3-
3-Tajbgðajfa ³
k/ sin A. sin B. sin C ≤ 3 8 3
x/ cos A2 cos B2 cos C2 ≤ 3 8 3
59-eK[sIVúténcMnYnkMupøic ( Z n ) kMntéday ³
59-eK[sI
 1+ i 3
Z
 0 =
2

 n+1 2 ( Z n + | Z n | ) ; n ∈ IN
Z 1
=
- 15 -
( | Z n | CamÜDulén Z n ) .
snµtfa Z n = ρ n (cosθ n + i . sinθ n ) , ∀n ∈ IN
Edl ρ n > 0 , ρ n ; θ n ∈ IR .
k-rkTMnak´TMngrvag θ n nigθ n+1 ehIy ρ n nig ρ n+1 .
x-rkRbePTénsIVút (θ n ) rYcKNnaθ n CaGnuKmn_én n .
K-cUrbgHajfa ρ n = ρ 0 cosθ 0 cos θ21 cos θ22 .... cos θ n2−1
rYbBa¢ak´ ρ n GnuKmn_én n .
60-
60-eK[sVúIténcMnYnBit (U n ) kMntélI n eday½
U 0 = 1 nig ∀n ∈ IN : U n+1 = U n cos a + sin a
Edl 0 < a < π2 .

k¿ tag Vn = U n − cot a2 .
cUrbgHajfa (Vn ) CasIVútFrNImaRtmYYy .
x¿KNnalImIt nlim → +∞
(V0 + V1 + .... + Vn ) nig lim U n
n→ +∞
- 16 -
61-
61-eK[sIVúténcMnYnBit (U n ) kMntéday ½
U = 0 ; U = 1 nig ∀n ∈ IN : U
0 1 = 2U cos a − U
n+ 2 n+1 n
Edl a ∈ IR .
k¿ tag Z = U − (cos a − i sin a ) U , ∀n ∈ IN .
n n+1 n
cUrbgHajfa Z n+1 = (cos a + i sin a ) Z n rYcTajrk

Z n CaGnuKmn_ n nig a .
x¿ Tajrk U n CaGnuKmn_én n rYcTajrk alim →0

Un .
π π
4 sin( x + ) cos( x + )= 3+2 2
4 12
63-eK[sIVúténcMnYnBit (U n ) kMnt;elI IN eday ³
63-
2 nig 1− 1−U 2
U =0 U = n+1 , ∀n ∈ INn
2 2
KNna U n CaGnuKmn_én n .
- 17 -
64-
64- eK[
π
2 = 2 cos
22
π
2 + 2 = 2 cos
23
π
2 + 2 + 2 = 2 cos
24
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
BI]TahrN_xagelIcUrrkrUbmnþTUeTA nig RsaybBa¢k;rUbmnþenaHpg
65-
65-yk a; b ;c CaRbEvgRCug nig A,B,C CargVas;mMuTaMgbI
énRtIekaN ABCmYyEdl S CaRklaépÞRtIekaNenaH.
a 2 + b2 + c 2
Rsayfa CotA + CotB + CotC =
4S
66- eK[RtIekaN ABC mYymanRCug
66-
BC = a , AC = b , AB = c . cUrRsaybBa¢k;fa ³
cos A cos B cos C a 2 + b 2 + c 2
+ + =
a b c 2abc
67-
67-edaHRsaysmIkar
k> 2( log 2 sin x ) 2 + log 2 (2 sin3 x ) = 0
2
 
x>  log


2 cos x  + 3 log 2 cos x + 2 = 0
 2 
- 18 -
68-
68-edaHRsayRbB½næsmIkar
 (2 sin x ) ln 2 = ( 2 sin y ) ln 2


 ( 2 )
ln sin x
= 2 ln sin y
Edl 0 < x < π2 nig 0 < y < π2 .
69-
69-edaHRsayRbB½næsmIkar
 3
 sin x + sin y =
 2
 2sin x + 2sin y = 2 + 2

π π
70-
70-eK[ 0<a<
2
nig 0<b<
2
.
2 2
 sin 2 a   cos 2 a 
cUrbgHajfa   +   = 1
 sin b   cos b 
lu¼RtaEt a=b .
71-
71-eK[ ABCCaRtIekaNmYyEdlepÞógpÞat´lkç&x&NÐ
sin B + sin C = 1 + sin B sin C cos A .
2 2
bgHajfa ABC CaRtIekaNEkg .
- 19 -
72-
72-eK[RtIekaN mYymanRCúg a , b , c .
ABC
kMnt´RbePTénRtIekaN ABC ebIeKdwgfa ½
cos A cos B cos C 1 1 1 1
+ + = ( + + )
a b c 2 a b c
73-
73-kñúgRtIekaN ABC mYycUrRsaybBa¢ak´fa ½
1 1 1 R
+ + ≥4
A B C r
sin sin sin
2 2 2
Edl r nig R CakaMrgVgćarwkkñúg nig carwkeRkARtIekaN .
74-
74-k> cUrRsayfa sin
cos 2a
2
=
1
−
1
2a 2 sin 2 a sin 2 2a
 x 
n  cos k 
x>KNnaplbUk Sn = ∑  k .
1 2  .
k = 0  2 sin 2 x 
 
 2k 

- 20 -
- 21 -
lMhat´TI1
eK[GnuKmn_ f ( x ) = 2 x − 3 x + 4 + 22+ 3 x − x
2 2
k> cUrbgðajfaRKb;cMnYnBit x eK)an f ( x ) ≥ 16 .

x> rktémø x edIm,I,I[ f ( x ) = 20 .
Na¼Rsay
Rsay
dMeNa¼Rs
k> bgðajfaRKb;cMnYnBit x eK)an f ( x ) ≥ 16
cMeBaHRKb;cMnYnBitviC¢man a nig b eKman ( a − b )2 ≥ 0
eK)an a − 2 ab + b ≥ 0 b¤ a + b ≥ 2 ab
edayyk a = 2 x − 3 x + 4 nig b = 22+ 3 x − x
2 2
eK)an f ( x ) ≥ 2 2 x − 3 x + 4.22+ 3 x − x
2 2
f ( x ) ≥ 2 26 = 16
dUcenHRKb;cMnYnBit x eK)an f ( x ) ≥ 16 .
x> rktémø x edIm,I[ f ( x ) = 20
eK)an 2 x − 3 x + 4 + 22+ 3 x − x = 20
2 2
x2 −3 x+4 6−( x 2 − 3 x + 4)
2 +2 − 20 = 0
64
−3 x+4
(i )
2
2x + − 20 = 0
x2 −3 x+4
2
- 22 -
tag t = 2 x − 3 x + 4 > 0 smIkar (i ) Gacsresr ³
2
− 20 = 0 b¤ t 2 − 20t + 64 = 0
64
t+
t
∆ ' = 100 − 64 = 36 > 0
eKTajb¤s t1 = 10 − 6 = 4 ; t2 = 10 + 6 = 16
-cMeBaH t = 4 eK)an 2 x − 3 x + 4 = 4
2
naM[ x 2 − 3 x + 4 = 2 b¤ x 2 − 3 x + 2 = 0
eday a + b + c = 0 enaH x1 = 1 b¤ x2 = 2 .
-cMeBaH t = 16 eK)an 2 x − 3 x + 4 = 16
2
naM[ x 2 − 3 x + 4 = 4 b¤ x( x − 3) = 0
eKTajb¤s x1 = 0 b¤ x2 = 3 .
dUcenHeK)an x ∈ { 0 , 1 , 2 , 3 } .
- 23 -
lMhat´TI2
2 x +1 + 2
eK[GnuKmn_ f ( x ) = 2 x + 2
BaHRKb;cMnYnBit m nig n ebI m + n = 1 enaHcUrRsayfa ³
k> cMeBaHRKb;
f ( m ) + f ( n) = 3 .
x> KNnaplbUk S = ∑  f  p k+ 1  .

p
p
  
k =1
dMeNa¼Rs
Na¼Rsay
Rsay
k> Rsayfa f (m ) + f (n) = 3 ebI m + n = 1
2m + 1 + 2 2n + 1 + 2
eKman f (m ) = 2m + 2 nig f (n) = 2n + 2
2m + 1 + 2 2n + 1 + 2
f ( m ) + f ( n) = m + n
2 + 2 2 + 2
3 1 1 3
m+ n+ m+ n+
2m + n + 1 + 2 2 +2 2 + 2 + 2m + n + 1 + 2 2 +2 2 +2
= 1 1
m+ n+
2m + n + 2 2 +2 2 +2
1 1 1 1
m+ n+ m+ n+
12 + 3.2 2 + 3.2 2 3( 4 + 2 2 +2 2)
= 1 1
= 1 1
=3
m+ n+ m+ n+
4+ 2 2 + 2 2 4+ 2 2 + 2 2
dUcenH ebI m + n = 1 enaH f ( m ) + f ( n) = 3 .
- 24 -
  k 
x> KNnaplbUk S p
p
= ∑ f
+

k =1   p 1 
eKman Sn = f  p 1+ 1  + f  p 2+ 1  + ...... + f  p p+ 1  (i )
     
 p   p − 1  1 
b¤ Sn = f 
+
+ f
+
 + .... + f 
+
 (ii )
 p 1   p 1   p 1 
bUksmIkar (i ) nig (ii ) eK)an ³
2 Sn = 3 + 3 + .... + 3 = 3 p naM[ Sn =
3p
2
BIeRBaH f  p 1+ 1  + f  p p+ 1  = 3
   
 2   p − 1
f f + =3
 p + 1
 p + 1
 3   p − 2
f f + =3
 p + 
1 
p + 1 
−−−−−−−−−−−−−
 p   1 
f + f =3
 p + 1   p + 1 
  k  3 p
dUcenH p
Sp = ∑  f 
+
 = .
k =1   p 1  2
- 25 -
lMhat´
hat´TI3
e x − e− x
eK[GnuKmn_ f ( x ) = e x + e − x
k>cUrRsayfa f ( x ) CaGnuKmn_ess .
x>cMeBaHRKb;cMnYnBit a nig b cUrRsayfa ³
f (a ) + f (b)
f (a + b ) =
1 + f (a ) f (b )
dMeNa¼Rs
Na¼Rsay
Rsay
k> Rsayfa f ( x ) CaGnu
CaGnuKmn_ess
e x − e− x
eKman f ( x ) = e x + e − x
cMeBaHRKb;cMnYnBit x eKman e x + e − x > 0
dUcenHGnuKmn_ f manEdnkMnt; D f = IR
cMeBaHRKb; x ∈ D f eK)an − x ∈ D f
e− x − e x e x − e− x
eK)an
eK)an f (− x ) + f ( x ) = e − x + e x + e x + e − x = 0
eKTaj f (− x ) = − f ( x )
dUcenH f ( x ) CaGnuKmn_ess .
- 26 -
f (a ) + f (b )
x> Rsayfa f (a + b ) =
1 + f (a ) f (b )
e x − e− x e2 x − 1
eKman f ( x) = x
e +e −x
= 2x
e +1
e 2( a + b ) − 1 e 2 a + 2 b − 1
eK)an f (a + b ) = 2( a + b ) = 2a + 2 b
+1
e +1 e
e 2a − 1 e 2b − 1
f (a ) = 2a
e +1
nig f (b ) = 2b
e +1
e 2a − 1 e 2b − 1
eKman
eKman f (a ) + f ( b ) = 2a
e +1 e +1
+ 2b
2( e 2a + 2b − 1)
f (a ) + f ( b ) = 2a (i )
( e + 1)(e + 1) 2b
(e 2a − 1)(e 2b − 1)
ehIy 1 + f (a ) f ( b ) = 1 + 2a
( e + 1)(e 2b + 1)
2( e 2a + 2b + 1)
1 + f ( a ) f ( b ) = 2a (ii )
(e + 1)(e 2b + 1)
EcksmPaB (i ) nig (ii ) GgÁnwgGgÁeK)an ³
f ( a ) + f (b ) e 2a + 2b − 1
= = f (a + b)
1 + f ( a ) f ( b ) e 2 a + 2b + 1
f (a ) + f (b )
dUcenH f (a + b ) =
1 + f (a ) f (b )
.
- 27 -
lMhat´TI4
eK[GnuKmn_ f ( x ) = (2 + 3 ) x + (2 − 3 ) x
k>cUrRsayfa f ( x ) CaGnuKmn_KU .
x>cMeBaHRKb;cMnYn x cUrbgðajfa f ( x ) ≥ 2 .
K>edaHRsaysmIkar f ( x ) = 14 .
dMeNa¼Rs
Na¼Rsay
Rsay
k>Rsayfa f ( x ) CaGnuKmn_KU
f ( x ) = (2 + 3 ) + (2 − 3 )
x x
EdnkMnt; D f = IR
cMeBaH x ∈ D f enaH − x ∈ D f
eK)an f (− x ) = (2 + 3 )− x + (2 − 3 )− x
eday (2 + 3 )(2 − 3 ) = 1
−x −x
 1   1 
enaH f (− x ) =  2 − 3  +  2 + 3 
f ( − x ) = (2 + 3 ) + (2 − 3 ) = f ( x )
x x
dUcenH f ( x) CaGnuKmn_KU .
- 28 -
x>cMeBaHRKb;cMnYn x bgðajfa f ( x ) ≥ 2 ³
tamvismPaB AM − GM eK)an ³
(2 + 3 ) x + (2 − 3 ) x ≥ 2 (2 + 3 ) x (2 − 3 ) x
(2 + 3 ) x + (2 − 3 ) x ≥ 2
dUcenH f ( x ) ≥ 2 cMeBaHRKb; x .
K>edaHRsaysmIkar f ( x ) = 14
eK)an (2 + 3 ) x + (2 − 3 ) x = 14
tag t = (2 + 3 ) x > 0 enaH (2 − 3 ) x = 1t
smIkarGacsresr t + 1t = 14 b¤ t 2 − 14t + 1 = 0
∆' = 49 − 1 = 48 = (4 3 )2
eKTajb¤s t1 = 7 + 4 3 = (2 + 3 )2
ehIy t2 = 7 − 4 3 = (2 − 3 )2 = (2 + 3 )− 2
-cMeBaH t1 = (2 + 3 )2
eK)an (2 + 3 ) x = (2 + 3 )2 naM[ x = 2 .
-cMeBaH t1 = (2 + 3 )− 2
eK)an (2 + 3 ) x = (2 + 3 )− 2 naM[ x = −2 .
- 29 -
lMhat´TI5
edaHRsaysmIkarxageRkam ³
k> 9 x − 4 . 3 x + 2 + 243 = 0
x> 4 x − 9.2 x + 2 + 128 = 0
K> 32 x + 3 − 5 . 6 x +1 + 22 x + 3 = 0
X> ( 3 + 2 ) x + ( 3 − 2 ) x = 10
g> ( 2 − 3 ) x + ( 2 + 3 ) x = 14
dMeNa¼Rs
Na¼Rsay
Rsay
k> 9 x − 4 . 3 x + 2 + 243 = 0
(3) 2 x − 36 (3) x + 243 = 0 tag t = (3) x > 0
t 2 − 36t + 243 = 0 ; ∆ ' = 324 − 243 = 81
eKTajb¤s t1 = 18 − 9 = 9 ; t2 = 18 + 9 = 27
-cMeBaH t1 = 9 eK)an 3 x = 9 naM[ x = 2
-cMeBaH t2 = 27 eK)an 3 x = 27 naM[ x = 3
dUcenH x1 = 2 ; x2 = 3 .
- 30 -
x> 4 x − 9.2 x + 2 + 128 = 0
(2) 2 x − 36 (2) x + 128 = 0 tag t = 2 x > 0
t 2 − 36t + 128 = 0 ; ∆' = 324 − 128 = 196
eKTajb¤s t1 = 18 − 14 = 2 ; t2 = 18 + 14 = 32
-cMeBaH t1 = 2 enaH 2 x = 2 naM[ x = 1
-cMeBaH t2 = 32 enaH 2 x = 32 naM[ x = 5
dUcenH x1 = 1 ; x2 = 5 .
K> 32 x + 3 − 5 . 6 x +1 + 22 x + 3 = 0
27 (9 ) x − 30 (6 ) x + 8 (4 ) x = 0
EckGgÁTaMgBIrénsmI
rénsmIkarnwg 4 x ≠ 0 eK)an ³
x x
 9  6
27   − 30   + 8 = 0
 4  4
2x x
 3  3
27   − 30   +8=0
 2  2
x
 3
tag t=  >0 enaHsmIkarGacsresr ³
 2
27 t 2 − 30t + 8 = 0 ; ∆ ' = 225 − 216 = 9
15 − 3 4 15 + 3 2
eKTaj t1 =
27
=
9
; t2 =
27
=
3
- 31 -
x
 3
-cMeBaH t1 =
4
9
eK)an   =
 2
4
9
naM[ x = −2
x
 3
-cMeBaH t2 = 23 eK)an   naM[ x = −1
=
2
 2 3
dUcenH x1 = −2 ; x2 = −1 .
X> ( 3 + 2 ) x + ( 3 − 2 ) x = 10
tag t = ( 3 + 2 ) x > 0 enaH ( 3 − 2 ) x = 1t
∆ ' = 25 − 1 = 24 = (2 6 ) > 0
2
t = 5 + 2 6 = ( 3 + 2 )2
eKTajb¤s 1
 t = 5 − 2 6 = ( 3 − 2 ) 2 = ( 3 + 2 )− 2
2
-cMeBaH t = ( 3 + 2 )2
eK)an ( 3 + 2 ) x = ( 3 + 2 )2 naM[ x = 2
-cMeBaH t = ( 3 + 2 ) − 2
eK)an ( 3 + 2 ) x = ( 3 + 2 )− 2 naM[ x = −2
dUcenH x1 = 2 ; x2 = −2 .
- 32 -
g> ( 2 − 3 ) + ( 2 + 3 ) = 14
x x
tag t = ( 2 + 3 ) x > 0 enaH ( 2 − 3 ) x = 1t

∆ ' = 49 − 1 = 48 = ( 4 3 )2
eKTajb¤s t1 = 7 + 4 3 = (2 + 3 )2
ehIy t2 = 7 − 4 3 = (2 − 3 )2 = (2 + 3 )− 2
-cMeBaH t1 = (2 + 3 )2
eK)an ( 2 + 3 ) x = (2 + 3 )2 naM[ x = 4 .
-cMeBaH t1 = (2 + 3 )− 2
eK)an ( 2 + 3 ) = (2 + 3 )− 2 naM[ x = −4 .
x
dUcenH x1 = 4 ; x2 = −4 .

- 33 -
lMhat´TI6
edaHRsaysmIkar ³
3x − x 4x − x 5x − x 6x − x
2 2 2 2
x
+ x
+ x
=
3 4 5 6x
dMeNa¼Rs
Na¼Rsay
Rsay
edaHRsaysmIkar ³
x2 − x x2 − x x2 − x x2 − x
3 4 5 6
+ + =
3x 4x 5x 6x
x2 −2 x x2 −2 x x2 −2 x x2 −2 x
3 +4 +5 =6
tag t = x 2 − 2 x = ( x − 1)2 − 1 ≥ −1
smIkarGacsresr ³
(i )
3t + 4t + 5t = 6t
-ebI t = 3 enaHsmIkar (i ) Gacsresr ³
33 + 43 + 53 = 63
27 + 64 + 125 = 216
216 = 216 epÞógpÞat;
dUcenH t = 3 Cab¤srbs;smIkar (i ) .
- 34 -
-ebI − 1 ≤ t < 3 eKman ³
t 3 t 3 t 3
 3  3  4  4  5  5
  >  ;   >  ;  > 
 6  6  6  6  6  6
t t t 3 3 3
 3  4  5  3  4  5
eK)an   +  +  >  +  + 
 6  6  6  6  6  6
3t + 4t + 5t
t
>1
6
naM[ 3t + 4t + 5t > 6 t
dUcenHsmIkar (i ) Kµanb¤scMeBaH − 1 ≤ t < 3 .

-ebI t > 3 eKman ³
t 3 t 3 t 3
 3  3  4  4  5  5
  <  ;   <  ;  < 
 6  6  6  6  6  6
t t t 3 3 3
 3  4  5  3  4  5
eK)an   +  +  <  +  + 
 6  6  6  6  6  6
3t + 4t + 5t
t
<1
6
naM[ 3t + 4t + 5t < 6 t
- 35 -
dUcenHsmIkar (i ) Kµanb¤scMeBaH t > 3 .
srubmksmIkar (i ) manb¤seTal t = 3
cMeBaH t = 3 eK)an x 2 − 2 x = 3
b¤ x 2 − 2 x − 3 = 0 naM[ x1 = −1 ; x2 = 3
dUcenH x1 = −1 ; x2 = 3 .

- 36 -
lMhat´TI7
edaHRsaysmIkar ³
( x − 1) 2 ( x − 1) 2 ( x −1)2
4 +6= 2 +2 8 +8
dMeNa¼Rs
Na¼Rsay
Rsay
edaHRsaysmIkar ³
( x − 1) 2 ( x − 1) 2 ( x −1)2
4 +6= 2 +2 8 +8
tag X = 2( x − 1 )2
>0 enaHsmIkarGacsresr ³
X2 +6= X +2 X3 +8
X 2 − X + 6 = ( X + 2)( X 2 − 2 X + 4) (i )
tag u = X + 2 nig v = x − 2 x + 2 2
smIkar (ii ) Gacsresr ³

u + v = 2 uv b¤ ( u − v ) = 0
2
naM[ u = v b¤ X + 2 = X − 2 X + 2 2
b¤ X − 3 X + 2 = 0 eKTajb¤s X = 1 ; X = 2 .
2
1 2
-cMeBaH X = 1 enaH 2( ) = 1 naM[ x = 1 .

1
x −1 2
-cMeBaH X = 2 enaH 2( ) = 2 smmUl ( x − 1) = 1

2
x −1 2 2
eKTaj x = 0 b¤ x = 2 . dUcenH x ∈ { 0 ; 1 ; 2 } .
1 2
- 37 -
lMhat´TI8
edaHRsaysmIkar ³
3 4 x −11 + 310 − x + 3 ( x − 2 ) = 6 x − x 2
2 2
dMeNa¼Rs
Na¼Rsay
Rsay
edaHRsaysmIkar
kar ³
4 x − 11 10 − x 2 ( x − 2 )2
3 +3 +3 = 6x − x2
eKman 6 x − x 2 = 9 − (9 − 6 x + x 2 ) = 9 − ( 3 − x ) 2
eday (3 − x ) ≥ 0 enaHeK)an 6 x − x ≤ 9
2 2
(i )
müa:geTottamvismPaB AM − GM eKman ³
4 x − 11 10 − x 2 ( x − 2 )2 4 x − 11 10 − x 2 ( x − 2 )2
+3 +3 ≥3 3
3
3 .3 .3
4 x − 11 10 − x 2 ( x − 2 )2 4 x − 11+ 10 − x 2 + ( x − 2 )2
+3 +3 ≥3 3
3
3
3 4 x −11 + 310 − x + 3 ( x − 2 ) ≥ 9 (ii )
2 2
tam (i ) nig (ii ) smIkarsmmUl ³

6 x − x 2 = 9 (1)
 4 x −11
+ 310 − x + 3 ( x − 2 ) = 9 (2 )
2 2
 3
bnÞab;BIedaHRsayeK)anb¤s x=3 .
- 38 -
lMhat´TI9
edaHRsaysmIkar ³
4 x + ( x − 14) 2 x − 8 x + 48 = 0
dMeNa¼Rs
Na¼Rsay
Rsay
edaHRsaysmIkar ³
4 x + ( x − 14) 2 x − 8 x + 48 = 0
tag 2 x
=t >0 smIkarGacsrsr ³
t 2 + ( x − 14)t − 8 x + 48 = 0
∆ = ( x − 14) 2 − 4(1)( −8 x + 48)
= x 2 − 28 x + 196 + 32 x − 192
= x2 + 4x + 4
= ( x + 2)
2
− ( x − 14) + ( x + 2) 2
eKTajb¤s t1 =
2
=8
− ( x − 14) − ( x + 2) 2
b¤t2 =
2
= −x + 6
-cMeBaH eK)an
t=8 2 x = 8 = 23
eKTajb¤s x = 3 .
- 39 -
-cMeBaH t = − x + 6 eK)an 2 = − x + 6 x
CasmIkarGab;
arGab;sIuscMnucRbsBVrvagExSekag (c ) : y = 2 x
CamYynwgbnÞat; (d ) : y = − x + 6 .
y
7
5 (c ) : y = 2 x
4
2
(d ) : y = − x + 6
1
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 x
-1
tamRkahVikeyIgeXIjfaExSekag (c ) nigbnÞat; (d ) kat;Kña

Rtg;cMnucmanGab;sIus x = 2 EdlCab¤srbs;smIkar .
dUcenHsmIkarmanb¤sBIrKW x = 3 ; x = 2 .
1 2
- 40 -
lMhat´TI10
edaHRsaysmIkar ³
 43  15 21 x
9 . 4 − x − 3.2 − x  − 7 x  + − =0
 4  2 4
dMeNa¼Rs
Na¼Rsay
Rsay
edaHRsaysmIkar ³
 43  15 21 x
9 . 4 − x + 1 − 3.2 − x + 1  − 7 x  + − =0
 4  2 4
tag smIkarGacsresr ³
t = 3 . 2 − x +1 > 0
 43  15 21 x
t2 −  − 7x t + − =0
 4  2 4
2
 43   15 21 x 
∆ =  − 7x  − 4 − 
 4   2 4 
1849 301 x
= − + 49 x 2 − 30 + 21 x
16 2
2
259 x 1369  37 
= 49 x 2 − + = 7x − 
2 16  4
 3
t =
eKTajb¤s  1 4

 t 2 = −7 x + 10
- 41 -
-cMeBaH t = 43 eK)an 3 .2 = 43 b¤ 2 = 2
− x +1 − x +1 −2
naM[ x = 3 .
-cMeBaH t = −7 x + 10 eK)an 3 . 2 = −7 x + 10
− x +1
b¤ 2 = − 76x + 53 CasmIkarGab;sIuscMnucRbsBVrvag
−x
ExSekag c : y = 2 nwgbnÞat; d : y = − 6 + 3 .
( ) −x
( ) 7x 5
y
5
F
-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 x
tamRkahVikeyIgeXIjfaExSekag (c ) nigbnÞat; (d ) kat;Kña

Rtg;cMnucmanGab;
manGab;sIus x = −2 ; x = 1 EdlCab¤srbs;smIkar
dUcenHsmIkarmanb¤sbI KW x = −2 ; x = 1 ; x = 3 .
1 2 3
- 42 -
lMhat´TI11
edaHRsaysmIkar ³
2 −3 x 1 2
3x + = 3 x −4 x+ 2 + 3 x−3
3
dMeNa¼Rs
Na¼Rsay
Rsay
edaHRsaysmIkar ³
x2 −3 x 1 x 2 −4 x+ 2
3 + =3 + 3 x−3
3
smIkarGacsresr ³
x2 −3 x x 2 −4 x+ 2 1
3 −3 − 3 x−3 + =0
3
3 x2 −4 x
(3 x
− 9) − (
1 x
27
3 − 9) = 0
(3 x
− 9 ) 3 x − 4 x
 2 1 
− =0
 27 
eK)an 3 x
−9= 0 x=2naM[
3x
2 −2 x
−
1
27
=0 naM[
x2 − 4x + 3 = 0
manb¤s .
x1 = 1 ; x 2 = 3
dUcenHsmIkarmanb¤s x ∈ { 1 ; 2 ; 3 ] .
- 43 -
lMhat´TI12
edaHRsayRbBnæ
edaHRsayRbBnæ½smI
smIkar ³
 x y 1
 2 3 = 72

 3x 4y = 1
 432
dMeNa¼Rs
Na¼Rsay
Rsay
edaHRsayRbBnæ½smIkar ³
 x y 1
 2 3 = (i )
72

 3x 4y = 1 (ii )
 432
smIkar (i ) Gacsresr ³
 1
log 2 ( 2 x .3 y ) = log 
 72 
x + y log 2 3 = log 2 (2 − 3 .3 − 2 )
x + y log 2 3 = −3 − 2 log 2 3 (1)
log (3 4 ) = log (432 )
3
x y
3
x + y log 4 = log (3 .2 )
3 3
−3 −4
- 44 -
x + 2 y log 3 2 = −3 − 4 log 3 2 (2 )
dksmIkar (1) nwg (2) GgÁ nwg GgÁeK)an ³
y log 2 3 − 2 y log 3 2 = 4 log 3 2 − 2 log 2 3
y (log 2 3 − 2 log 3 2 ) = 2(2 log 3 2 − log 2 3 )
EckGgÁTaMgBIrnwg log 3 − 2 log 2
2 3
eKTaj)an
eKTaj)an y = −2 .
yktémø y = −2 CMnYskñúg (2) eK)an ³
x − 4 log 2 = −3 − 4 log 2 naM[ x = −2
3 3
dUcenH x = −2 ; y = −3 .

- 45 -
lMhat´TI13
edaHRsaysmIkar ³
x −1
x−2
2 .3 x +1
= 2 3
dMeNa¼Rs
Na¼Rsay
Rsay
edaHRsaysmIkar ³
x −1
2 x−2 . 3 x +1
= 2 3
smIkarmann½ykalNa x + 1 ≠ 0 b¤ x ≠ −1
smIkarGacsresr ³
x −1
 x−2 
 = log 2 (2 3 )

log 2  2 .3 x +1 
 
x −1 1
x−2+ log 2 3 = 1 + log 2 3
x +1 2
 x −1 1
( x − 3) +  −  log 2 3 = 0
 x +1 2
1
( x − 3)(1 + log 2 3) = 0
x+1
eKTajb¤s x1 = 3 ; x 2 = −1 − log 2 3 .
- 46 -
lMhat´TI14
eK[sIVútcMnYnBit (a ) kMnt;eday ³n
a = 1 nig TMnak;TMngkMeNIn a = log (4 + 2

0 ) n+1 2
an 1+ a n
Edl n = 0 ; 1 ; 2 ; ... .
k>eKtag b = 1 + 2 . bgðajfa b = b RKb; n ≥ 0 .
n
an
n+1 n
2
x>edayeRbIGnumanrYmKNitviTüacUrRsayfa b = 3 . n
2n
K>TajrktY a énsIVút (a ) CaGnuKmn_én n .

n n
dMeNa¼Rs
Na¼Rsay
Rsay
k> bgðajfa b = b RKb; n ≥ 0
n+1 n
2
eKman b = 1 + 2
n
an
eK)an b = 1 + 2 eday a = log (4 + 2 )

n+1
an+1
n+1 2
an 1+ a n
1+ a n 
log 2  4 n + 2
a

bn + 1 = 1 + 2  
= 1 + 4 a n + 2 1+ a n
( ) + 2 (2 ) + 1
= 2 an 2 an
= (2 + 1) = b
an 2 2
n
dUcenH bn + 1 =b . n
2
- 47 -
x>edayeRbIGnumanrYmKNitviTüaRsayfa
üaRsayfa b = 3 n
2n
cMeBaH n = 0 eK)an b = 1 + 2 = 1 + 2 = 3 Bit

0
a0
]bmafavaBitcMeBaH n = k KW b = 3 Bit k
2k
RsayfavaBitcMeBaH n = k + 1 KW b = 3 Bit
eyIgnwgRsayfavaBi k +1
2k +1
eyIgman b = b eday b = 3
k +1
2 2k
enaH b = ( 3 ) = 3 Bit
k k
2
2k 2k +1
k +1
dUcenH b = 3 .
n
2n
K>TajrktY a énsIVút (a ) CaGnuKmn_én n ³

n n
eyIgman b = 1 + 2
n
an
eKTaj a = log (b − 1) eday b = 3 2n
dUcenH a = log ( 3 − 1 ) .
n 2 n n
2n
n 2

- 48 -
lMhat´TI15
eK[sIVútcMnYnBit (a ) kMnt;eday a = 1
n 0
nigTMnak;TMngkMeNIn a = log (27 + 3 n+1 3

an 1+ 2 a n
+ 3 1 + bn )
Edl n = 0 ; 1 ; 2 ; ... .
k>eKtag b = 1 + 3 .
n
an
n+1 n
3
x>KNna
x>KNna b nig a CaGnu
n CaGnuKmn_én n .
n
dMeNa¼Rs
Na¼Rsay
Rsay
k> bgðajfa b = b RKb; n ≥ 0
n+1 n
3
eyIgman b = 1 + 3
n
an
naM[ b = 1 + 3
n+1
an+1
eday a = log (27 + 3 + 3 )

n+1 3
an 1+ 2 a n 1 + bn
eK)an b = 1 + 27 + 3 + 3
n+1
an 1+ 2 a n 1 + bn
b = (3 ) + 3 (3 ) + 3 (3 ) + 1
an 3 an 2 an
n+1
b = (3 + 1) = ban 3 3
n+1 n
dUcenH b = b RKb; n ≥ 0 .
n+1 n
3
- 49 -
x>KNna b nig a CaGnuKmn_én n ³
n n
eKman b = b RKb; n ≥ 0
n+1 n
3
eK)an ln(b ) = 3 ln(b ) tag c = ln(b )

n+1 n n n
enaH c = 3c naM[ (c ) CasIVútFrNImaRtmanersug q = 3

n+1 n n
nigtY c = ln(b ) = ln(1 + 3 ) = ln 4 .

0 0
a0
tamrUbmnþ c = c × q = 3 ln 4
n 0
n n
eKTaj ln(b ) = 3 ln 4 naM[ b = 4

n
n
n
3n
ehIyeday b = 1 + 3 an
naM[ a = log (b − 1) = log (4 − 1)

n
3n
dUcenH b = 4 nig a = log (4 − 1 ) .

n 3 n 3
3n 3n
n n 3

- 50 -
lMhat´TI16
1− x 
eK[GnuKmn_ f ( x ) = lg  1 + x 
 
k>rkEdnkMnt;énGnuKmn_enH .
x>cMeBaHRKb;cMnYnBit − 1 < a < 1 nig − 1 < b < 1 cUrbgðajfa
 a+b 
f (a ) + f (b ) = f  
 1 + ab 
dMeNa¼Rs
Na¼Rsay
Rsay
k>rkEdnkMnt;énGnuKmn_ f
1− x 
f ( x ) = lg  
1+ x 
 1− x
 >0
GnuKmn_mann½ykalNa  1+ x
 x ≠ −1
dUcenH D f =] − 1 ; 1 [ .
x> bgðajfa ³
 a+b 
f (a ) + f (b ) = f  
 1 + ab 
- 51 -
1− a  1− b
eyIgman f (a ) = lg 
+
 nig f (b ) = lg 
+

 1 a   1 b 
1− a  1− b
eyIg)an f (a ) + f (b ) = lg
+
 + lg
+

 1 a   1 b 
 (1 − a )(1 − b ) 
= lg  
 (1 + a )(1 + b ) 
 1 − ( a + b ) + ab 
= lg  
 1 + ( a + b ) + ab 
 1 − (a + b ) + ab 
( ) ( )
f a + f b = lg   (i )
 1 + (a + b ) + ab 
 a+b 
 1− 
 a+b  +
müa:geTotf  = lg
1
+
ab 
 1 + ab   1 + a b 
 1 + ab 
 a+b   1 − (a + b) + ab 
f  = lg   (ii )
 1 + ab   1 + (a + b ) + ab 
 a+b 
tam nig
(i ) (ii ) eKTaj f (a ) + f (b ) = f 
+
 .
 1 ab 
- 52 -
lMhat´TI17
eK[sIVúténcMnYnBit (u ) kMnt;eday ³ n n≥ 0
u = a nig u = (u ) Edl a > 2 . log 2 un

0 n+1 n
k>cUrbgðajfa u > 2 cMeBaHRKb; n = 0 ;1 ; 2 ; .... .

n
x>eKtag V = log u . bgðajfa V = V .

n 2 n n+1 n
2
K>eKtag W = log V . bgðajfa (W ) CasIVútFrNImaRt

n 2 n n
X>KNna W ; V nig u CaGnuKmn_én n .

n n n
dMeNa¼Rs
Na¼Rsay
Rsay
k>bgðajfa u > 2 cMeBaHRKb; n = 0 ;1 ; 2 ; ....
n
cMeBaH n = 0 eK)an u = a > 2 Bit 0
]bmafavaBitcMeBaH n = k KW u > 2 Bit k
eyIgnwgRsayfavaBitcMeBaH n = k + 1 KW u > 2 Bit k +1
eyIgman u = (u )
k +1 k
log 2 u
k
eday u > 2 enaH log u > 1

k 2 k
naM[ u = (u )
k +1 > u > 2 Bit
k
log 2 u k
k
dUcenH u > 2 cMeBaHRKb; n = 0 ;1 ; 2 ; .... .

n
- 53 -
x> bgðajfa V = V n+1 n
2
eyIgman V = log u naM[ V

n 2 n n+1 = log 2 un + 1
eday u = (u )
n+1 eK)an ³ n
log 2 u n
Vn + 1 = log 2 (un ) [ log 2 un

]
= log 2 un . log 2 un = Vn .Vn = Vn
2
dUcenH V = V .
n+1 n
2
K> bgðajfa
jfa (W ) CasIVútFrNImaRt ³
n
eKman W = log V naM[ W = log

n 2 n n+1 2 Vn + 1
eday V = V eK)an ³
n+1 n
2
( ) = 2 log V
W n + 1 = log 2 Vn
2
2 n
dUcenH (W ) CasIVútFrNImaRtmanpleFobrYm q = 2 .
n
X>KNna
X>KNna W ; V nig u CaGnuKmn_én n ³
n n n
tamrUbmnþ W = W × q n 0
n
eday W = log V = log (log u ) = log (log a )

0 2 0 2 2 0 2 2
dUcenH W = 2 log (log a ) .

n
n
2 2
n
ehIy V = 2 = (log a ) nig u = 2 = 2( ) .
n
Wn
2
2n
n
Vn log 2 a 2
- 54 -
lMhat´
at´TI18
eK[ x nig y CaBIrcMnYnBitepÞógpÞat; 4 + 4 x y
= 5 . 2 x + y −1 .
cUrRsayfa x + y = 1 + 2 log  2 +3 2 
x y
2
 
dMeNa¼Rs
Na¼Rsay
Rsay
 2x + 2y 
Rsayfa x + y = 1 + log 2
 3 
 
eyIgman 4 + 4 = 5 . 2
x y x + y −1
(2 + 2 ) − 2 (2 )(2 ) = 5 . 2
x y 2 x y x + y −1
(2 + 2 ) = 5.2 + 2
x y 2 x + y −1 x + y +1
(2 + 2 ) = 2 (5 + 2 )
x y 2 x + y −1 2
(2 + 2 ) = 9 .2
x y 2 x + y −1
2
 2x + 2y 
  = 2 x + y −1
 3 
y 2
2 +2 
x
 2x + 2y 
eKTaj x + y − 1 = log 2   = 2 log 2  
 3   3 
 2x + 2y 
dUcenH x + y = 1 + 2 log 2   .
 3 
- 55 -
lMhat´TI19
k> (log x ) + log  4x  = 0
2
2
2
 
 x3 
x> (log 2 x ) + log 0,5   = 0
2
 4 
K> log x = 1 + log 4
2 x
X> (log (2 + 1)) − 3 log (2 + 1) + 2 = 0

3
x 2
3
x
g> 7 − 8 . 7
log 2 x 2 1 + log 2 x
+ 343 = 0
dMeNa¼Rs
Na¼Rsay
Rsay
k> (log x ) + log  4x  = 0 lkçxNÐ x > 0
2
2
2
 
smIkarGacsresr ³ (log x ) + log x − log 4 = 0
2
2
2 2
(log 2 x )2 + log 2 x − 2 = 0
tag t = log x eK)an t + t − 2 = 0
2
2
eday a + b + c = 0 eKTajb¤s t = 1 ; t 1 2 = −2
- 56 -
-cMeBaH t = 1 eK)an log x = 1 naM[ x = 2 2
-cMeBaH t = −2 eK)an log x = −2 naM[ x = 14 2
dUcenH x = 2 ; x = 4 .
1
1
2
 x3 
x> (log 2 x)
2
+ log 0 , 5   = 0 lkçxNÐ x > 0
 4 
smIkarGacsresr ³
(log 2 x )2 + log 1 x 3 − log 1 4 = 0
2 2
(log 2 x )2 − 3 log 2 x + 2 = 0
tag t = log 2 xsmIkarGacsresr ³
t − 3t + 2 = 0 naM[ t = 1 b¤ t = 2
2
1 2
dUcenH x = 2 ; x = 4 .
1 2
K> log x = 1 + log 4 lkçxNÐ x > 0 nig x ≠ 1

2 x
smIkarGacsresr log x = 1 + 2 log 2 2 x
KuNGgÁTaMgBIrénsmIkarnwg log x ≠ 0 eK)an ³ 2
- 57 -
(log 2 x )2 = log 2 x + 2
(log 2 x )2 − log 2 x − 2 = 0
tag t = log x eK)an t − t − 2 = 0
2
2
eKTajb¤s t = −1 ; t = 2
1 2
-cMeBaH t = −1 eK)an log x = −1 naM[ x = 12 2
dUcenH x = 12 ; x = 4 .
1 2
X> (log (2 + 1)) − 3 log (2 + 1) + 2 = 0

3
x 2
3
x
tag t = log (2 + 1) smIkarGacsresr ³

3
x
t − 3t + 2 = 0 naM[ t = 1 b¤ t = 2
2
1 2
-cMeBaH t = 1 eK)an log (2 + 1) = 1

1 3
x
naM[ 2 + 1 = 3 b¤ 2 = 2 naM[ x = 1 .
x x
BaH t = 2 eK)an log (2 + 1) = 2

-cMeBaH 2 3
x
naM[ 2 + 1 = 9 b¤ 2 = 8 naM[ x = 3 .
x x
dUcenH x = 1 ; x = 3 .
- 58 -
g> 7 − 8 . 7
log 2 x 2 1 + log 2 x
+ 343 = 0
smIkarmann½ykalNa x > 0 .
smIkarGacsresr ³
7 2 log 2 x − 56 . 7 log 2 x + 343 = 0
tag t = log 2 x smIkarkøayCa ³
t 2 − 56t + 343 = 0 ; ∆' = 784 − 343 = 441
eKTajb¤s t = 28 − 21 = 7 ; t = 28 + 21 = 49
1 2
-cMeBaH t = 7 eK)an 7 = 7 b¤ log x = 1

log 2 x
2
naM[ x = 1 .
-cMeBaH t = 49 eK)an 7 = 49 b¤ log x = 2
log 2 x
2
naM[ x = 4 .
dUcenH x = 1 ; x = 4 .
1 2

- 59 -
lMhat´TI20
k> (log x ) + ( x − 5) log x + x − 6 = 0
2
2
2
x> (log x ) + 2( x − 5) log x − 6 x + 21 = 0

3
2
3
2
 
K>  log 1
 x  + ( x + 3) log 1 x + 4 x − 4 = 0
 2  2
dMeNa¼Rs
Na¼Rsay
Rsay
k> (log x ) + ( x − 5) log x + x − 6 = 0
2
2
2
tag t = log x Edl x > 0 . smIkarkøayCa ³

2
t 2 + ( x − 5) t + x − 6 = 0
KNna ∆ = ( x − 5) 2
− 4( x − 6)
= x 2 − 10 x + 25 − 4 x + 24
= x 2 − 14 x + 49 = ( x − 7 )
2
 − x + 5+ x −7
1t = = −1
eKTajb¤s 
2
t = − x + 5 − x + 7 = − x + 6
 2 2
- 60 -
-cMeBaH t = −1 eK)an log x = −1 naM[ x = 12

1 2
-cMeBaH t = − x + 6 eK)an log x = − x + 6

2 2
CasmIkarGab;sIuscMnucRbsBVrvagExSekag (c ) : y = log 2 x
CamYynwgbnÞat; (d ) : y = − x + 6 .
y
7
5 (d)
3 (c)
A
2
-2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 x
-1
-2
-3
tamRkahVikeyIgeXIjfa (c ) kat; (d ) Rtg;cMnuc A

manGab;sIus x = 4 EdlCab¤srbs;smIkar .
dUcenH x = 12 ; x = 4 .
1 2
- 61 -
x> (log x ) + 2( x − 5) log x − 6 x + 21 = 0
3
2
3
tag t = log x Edl x > 0 . smIkarGacsresr ³

3
t 2 + 2( x − 5 ) t − 6 x + 21 = 0
∆ ' = ( x − 5 ) − (− 6 x + 21) = ( x − 2 )
2 2
eKTajb¤s t = 3 ; t = −2 x + 7
1 2
-cMeBaH t = 3 eK)an log x = 3 naM[ x = 27

1 3
-cMeBaH t = −2 x + 7 eK)an log x = −2 x + 7

2 3
CasmIkarGab;sIuscMnucRbsBVrvagExSekag (c ) : y = log 3 x
CamYynwgbnÞat; (d ) : y = −2 x + 7 .
y
7
5 (d)
2 (c)
A
1
-2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 x
-1
-2
-3
- 62 -
tamRkahVikeyIgeXIjfa (c ) kat; (d ) Rtg;cMnuc A
manGab;sIus x = 3 EdlCab¤srbs;smIkar .
2
 
K>  log 1 x  + ( x + 3) log 1 x + 4 x − 4 = 0
 
 2  2
tag t = log 1 x enaH

t 2 + ( x + 3 )t + 4 x − 4 = 0
2
manb¤s t = −4 ; t = − x + 1 .
1 2
-cMeBaH t = −4 enaH log x = −4 naM[ x = 16

1 1
2
-cMeBaH t 2 = −x +1 enaH log 1 x = −x +1

2
y
-1 0 1 2 3 x
-1
tamRkahVikeKTajb¤s x =1; x = 2 .
- 63 -
lMhat´TI21
k>cUrRsaybBa¢ak;fa A = B log a B log a A
Edl a ; A ; B CabIcMnYnBi
nBitviC¢man nig xusBI 1 .
x>edaHRsaysmIkar 7 + x = 686 log 2 x log 2 7
dMeNa¼Rs
Na¼Rsay
Rsay
k>RsaybBa¢ak;fa A = B log a B log a A
tag t = A (i )
log a B
eK)an log t = log B eday log t = log

A a
log t
A
A
B
B
log B t
= log a B
log B A
log B t = log a B . log B A
log B t = log a A
eKTaj t = B (ii )
log a A
tam (i ) nig (ii ) eK)an A log a B

= B log a A .
x>edaHRsaysmIkar
7 log 2 x + x log 2 7 = 686
tamrUbmnþxagelIeK)an x log 2 7 = 7 log 2 x
- 64 -
smIkarGacsresr ³
7 log 2 x + 7 log 2 x = 686
2. 7 log 2 x = 686
7 log 2 x = 343
7 log 2 x = 7 3
log 2 x = 3 ⇒ x = 2 3 = 8
dUcenH x = 8 Cab¤srbs;smIkar .

- 65 -
lMhat´TI22
edaHRsaysmIkar log 2 (log 4 x ) + log 4 (log 2 x ) = 2
dMeNa¼Rs
Na¼Rsay
Rsay
edaHRsaysmIkar ³
log 4 x > 0

smIkarmann½ykalNa log 2 x > 0 b¤ x>1

x > 0
smIkarGacsresr ³
1  1
log 2  log 2 x  + log 2 (log 2 x ) = 2
2  2
1 1
log 2   + log 2 (log 2 x ) + log 2 (log 2 x ) = 2
 2 2
3
− 1 + log 2 (log 2 x ) = 2
2
3 log 2 (log 2 x ) = 6
log 2 (log 2 x ) = 2
log 2 x = 4
x = 16
dUcenH x = 16 Cab¤srbs;smIkar .
- 66 -
lMhat´TI23
eK[sIVút u = log ( 1 + 2 ) Edl n ∈ IN
n 2
2n
KNna S = ∑ (u ) = u + u + u + .... + u .
n
n k 0 1 2 n
k =0
dMeNa¼Rs
Na¼Rsay
Rsay
KNna S = ∑ (u ) = u
n
n k 0 + u1 + u2 + .... + un
k =0
eKman u = log ( 1 + 2
n 2
2n
)
 2 2n+1 − 1 
= log 2  n 
 22 − 1 
 
 2 2k +1 − 1 
eK)an
n
S n = ∑ log 2  k 
k =0  22 − 1 
 
 n  2 2k +1 − 1  
= log 2  ∏  k 
 k = 0 2 2 − 1  
  
 3 15 127 2n+1
 2 − 1 
= log 2 × × × .... × n
 1 3 15 2 2 − 1 

= log 2 2 2 ( n+1
−1 )
dUcenH S n = log 2 ( 2 2n+1
− 1) .
- 67 -
lMhat´TI24
eK[sIVút u = ln 2 cos 2 − 1 Edl n ∈ IN
n
 x
n
 
KNna S = ∑ (uk ) = u0 + u1 + u2 + .... + un .
n
n
k =0
dMeNa¼Rs
Na¼Rsay
Rsay
KNna S ³ n
eKman cos 2a = 2 cos 2

a −1 eK)an
2 cos 2a + 1 = 4 cos 2 a − 1 = (2 cos a − 1) (2 cos a + 1)
2 cos a + 1
eKTaj 2 cos a − 1 =
2 cos a + 1
a= nedayyk
2
x
 2x 
 2 cos n + 1 
 
eK)an x
un = ln 2 cos n − 1  = ln  2 
 2   2 cos x + 1 
 
 2 n

 2x   
 2 cos + 1   2 cos 2 x + 1 
eyIg)an
n k
S n = ∑ ln 2  = ln 
k =0  x   2 cos x + 1 
 2 cos + 1   
 2k   2n 
 
dUcenH ( ) x
S n = ln 2 cos 2 x + 1 − ln 2 cos n + 1  .
 2 
- 68 -
lMhat´TI25
edaHRsayRbBn½æsmIkar
 1
 4 x
. 5 y
=
400

 5x .6 y = 1
 900
Na¼Rsay
Rsay
dMeNa¼Rs
edaHRsayRbBn½æsmIkar ³
 1
 4 x
. 5 y
=
400

 5x .6 y = 1
 900
eyIgman ln (4 x .5 y ) = ln( 400
1
)
b¤ x ln 4 + y ln 5 = −2 ln 4 − 2 ln 5 (1)
ehIy ln(5 x .6 y ) = ln( 900 1
)
b¤ x ln 5 + y ln 6 = −2 ln 6 − 2 ln 5 (2)
tam (1) & (2) eK)anRbBnæ½ ³
 x ln 4 + y ln 5 = −2 ln 4 − 2 ln 5 ( − ln 6)

 x ln 5 + y ln 6 = −2 ln 6 − 2 ln 5 ( ln 5)
- 69 -
 − x ln 4. ln 6 − y ln 5. ln 6 = 2 ln 4. ln 6 + 2 ln 5. ln 6 ( 3)

 x ln 5 + y ln 5. ln 6 = −2 ln 6. ln 5 − 2 ln 5
2 2
( 4)
bUksmIkar (3) & (4) eK)an ³
(ln 2 5 − ln 4. ln 6) x = 2(ln 4. ln 6 − ln 2 5) naM[ x = −2
tamsmIkar 4 x .5 y = 400
1
eKTaj 4 −2 .5 y = 400
1
naM[eKTaj y = −2 .
dUcenHRbB½næsmIkarmanKUcemøIy x = −2 , y = −2 .
- 70 -
lMhat´TI26
edaHRsaysmIkar ³
30 log x 3
x + log 0,5 x x 2 − log 4 x x 3 = 0
Na¼Rsay
Rsay
dMeNa¼Rs
edaHRsaysmIkar ³
30 log x 3
x + log 0,5 x x 2 − log 4 x x 3 = 0
 x>0
 x > 0  x ≠1
 x≠1 

lkç½xN½Ð 
0 . 5 x ≠ 1
naMeGay  x≠2
 
 4 x ≠ 1  x≠1
 4
smIkarxagelIGacsresr ³
ln 3 x ln x 2 ln x 3
30 + − =0
ln x ln( 0,5 x ) ln( 4 x )
2 ln x 3 ln x
10 + − =0
ln x − ln 2 ln x + ln 4
tag t = ln x
eyIg)an 10 + t −2lnt 2 − t +3lnt 4 = 0
- 71 -
10( t − ln 2)( t + 2 ln 2) + 2t ( t + 2 ln 2) − 3t ( t − ln 2) = 0
10t 2 + 10t ln 2 − 2 ln 2 2 + 2t 2 + 4t ln 2 − 3t 2 + 3t ln 2 = 0
9t 2 + 17 t ln 2 − 2 ln 2 2 = 0
∆ = 289 ln 2 2 + 72 ln 2 2 = 361. ln 2 2
eKTajb¤s ³
− 17 ln 2 + 19 ln 2 2
t1 = = ln 2
9 9
− 17 ln 2 − 19 ln 2
t2 = = −4 ln 2
9
 2
=
eday t = ln x eKTaj 

ln x
9
ln 2
 ln x = −4 ln 2
naM[ x=94 ; x=
1
16
dUcenHsmIkarmanb¤s x1 = 9 4 , x 2 =
1
16
.
- 72 -
lMhat´TI27
edaHRsayRbBn½æsmIkar ³
 5 ( log y x + log x y ) = 26

 x y = 64
Na¼Rsay
Rsay
dMeNa¼Rs
edaHRsayRbBn½æsmIkar
 5 ( log y x + log x y ) = 26 (1)

 x y = 64 ( 2)
x > 0 , y > 0
lkçx½NÐ 
 x ≠ 1, y ≠ 1
smIkar (1) Gacsresr log y x +
1
=
log y x 5
26
b¤ (log y x ) 2 − 265 . log y x + 1 = 0 tag t = log y x

eK)an t 2 − 265 t + 1 = 0 , ∆' = 169
25
−1 =
144
25
naM[ t1 = 135 − 125 = 15 , t 2 = 135 + 125 = 5
- cMeBaH t = 15 eK)an log y x = 15
1
naM[ x= y5 ( 3)
- 73 -
1
yk ¬#¦ CYskñúg ¬@¦ eK)an y. y 5 = 64
1
naM[ y = 32 ehIytam ¬#¦ eK)an x = = 2.
( 32) 5
- cMeBaH t = 5 eK)an log y x = 5 naM[ x = y 5 (4)
yk ¬$¦ CYskñúg ¬@¦ eK)an y. y 5 = 64
naM[ y = 2 ehIytam ¬$¦ eK)an x = 2 5 = 32 .
dUcenHRbB½næmanKUcemøIy ³
( x = 2 , y = 32 ) b¤ ( x = 32 , y = 2) .
- 74 -
lMhat´TI28
eda¼RsaysmIkar ½
log 62− x (54 − x 3 ) − 5 log 6− x ( 54 − x 3 ) + 6 = 0 ¿
Na¼Rsay
Rsay
dMeNa¼Rs
eda¼RsaysmIkar ½
log 62− x ( 54 − x 3 ) − 5 log 6− x ( 54 − x 3 ) + 6 = 0 (1) ¿
54 − x 3 > 0 x < 3 3 2
 
l&kçx&NÐ 6 − x > 0 smmUl x < 6
6 − x ≠ 1 x ≠ 5
 
x < 3 3 2
¦ 
x ≠ 5
tag y = log 6− x (54 − x 3 ) smIkar (1) Gacsresr ½
y 2 − 5 y + 6 = 0 , ∆ = 25 − 24 = 1
eKTaj¦s y1 = 2 , y2 = 3
-cMeBa¼ y = 2 eKán log 6− x (54 − x 3 ) = 2
- 75 -
54 − x 3 = ( 6 − x ) 2
54 − x 3 = 36 − 12 x + x 2
x 3 + x 2 − 12 x − 18 = 0
( x + 3)( x 2 − 2 x − 6) = 0
eKTaj¦s x1 = −3 , x2 = 1 − 7 , x3 = 1 + 7
-cMeBa¼ y = 3 eKán log 6− x (54 − x 3 ) = 3

( 54 − x 3 ) = (6 − x ) 3
18 x 2 − 108 x + 162 = 0
18( x − 3) 2 = 0
eKTaj¦s x = 3 .
dUcenHsMNMub¤srbs;smIkarKW ³
x ∈ { − 3 ; 3; 1 − 7 ; 1 + 7 } .
- 76 -
lMhat´TI29
eda¼RsaysmIkar ½
1 + log 2
( 3− x )3
( 9 x 2
− x 3
) =
1
3
log 3− x ( 9 x
2
− x3 ) ¿
Na¼Rsay
Rsay
dMeNa¼Rs
eda¼RsaysmIkar ½
1
1 + log 2 ( 9 x 2
− x 3
) = log 3− x ( 9 x 2 − x 3 ) (1) ¿
( 3− x ) 3
3
9 x 2 − x 3 > 0 x ≠ 0 , x < 9
l&kçx&NÐ 3 − x > 0 smmUl  x < 3
3 − x ≠ 1 x ≠ 2
 
x < 3
¦  x ≠ 0
x ≠ 2

smIkar (1) Gacsresr ½
1 2
1 + log 23 − x (9 x 2 − x 3 ) = log 3− x (9 x 2 − x 3 )
9 3
log 23 − x (9 x 2 − x 3 ) − 6 log 3− x (9 x 2 − x 3 ) + 9 = 0
[ log 3− x (9 x
2
− x ) −3
3
] 2
=0
- 77 -
log 3 − x (9 x 2 − x 3 ) = 3
9 x 2 − x 3 = ( 3 − x )3
9 x 2 − x 3 = 27 − 27 x + 9 x 2 − x 3
27 x − 27 = 0
27
x= =1
27
dUcen¼smIkarman¦s x=1 .
lMhat´TI30
 3x + 1   4x2 + 4 
eK[GnuKmn_
mn_ f ( x ) = log 2  2  . log
2


 x + 1  3x + 1 
 3x + 1  4x2 + 4 
k¿ eda¼RsaysmIkar log 2  2  = log 2  

 x + 1  3x + 1 
 3x + 1
x¿ kMNt´témø x edIm,I[kenßam log 2 2  nig
 x + 1
 4x2 + 4 
log 2  
 viC¢manRBmKña .
 3x + 1 
K¿ rktémøFMbMputénGnuKmn_ f ( x) elIcenøa¼ [ 0 ; 3 ] .
- 78 -
dMeNa¼Rs
Na¼Rsay
Rsay
k¿ eda¼RsaysmIkar ½
 3x + 1  4x2 + 4 
log 2  2  = log 2  

 x + 1  3x + 1 
lkç&x&NÐ x ≥ − 13
3x + 1 4x2 + 4
eyIgán 2 = 3 x + 1
x +1
( 3 x + 1) 2 = 4( x 2 + 1) 2
3 x + 1 = 2 x 2 + 2 2 x 2 − 3 x + 1 = 0
smmUl  ¦  2
 3 x + 1 = −2 x − 2  2 x + 3 x + 3 = 0
2
eKTaj¦s x1 = 1 , x 2 = 12 .
x¿ kMNt´témø x
 3x + 1  4x2 + 4 
edIm,I[kenßam log 2  2  nig log 2  

 x + 1  3x + 1 
viC¢manRBmKñalu¼RtaEt ³
3x + 1 − x2 + 3x
 x 2 + 1 ≥ 1 
 x +1
2
≥0
 2 smmUl  2
4x + 4 ≥ 1 4x − 3x + 3
 3 x + 1  3 x + 1 ≥0
- 79 -
0 ≤ x ≤ 3

naM[  1 ¦ 0≤ x≤3 .
 x > −
3
dUcen¼ x ∈[ 0 ; 3 ] .
K¿ rktémøFMbMputénGnuKmn_ f ( x) elIcenøa¼ [ 0 ; 3 ]
  3x + 1
 log 2 2 ≥0
  x + 1
cMeBa¼ x ∈ [ 0 ; 3 ]eKman 
log  4 x + 4  ≥ 0
2
 2 
  3x + 1 
2
 a + b
tamvismPaBkUsIueKman a .b ≤  2  ; ∀a; b ≥ 0
 
 3x + 1   4x2 + 4 
eyIgman f ( x ) = log 2  2  . log 2  3 x + 1 
 x + 1  
eyIgán ³
2
1 3x + 1 1 4x2 + 4 
f ( x ) ≤  log 2 ( 2 ) + log 2 ( )
2 x +1 2 3x + 1 
2
1  3x + 1 4x + 4
2 
f ( x ) ≤  log 2 ( 2 )( ) 
4 x + 1 3x + 1 
f ( x ) ≤ (log 2 4)2 = 4 ; ∀x ∈ [0 ; 3]
1
4
dUcen¼témøFMbMputénGnuKmn_ f esµInwg M = 4 .
- 80 -
lMhat´TI31
eK[GnuKmn_ f ( x ) = ln( x + 1 + x 2 ) , x ∈ IR
cUrRsaybBa¢ak´fa f ( 1 +a a+ +b b ) < f ( 1 +a a + 1 +b b )
cMeBa¼RKb´ a > 0 , b > 0 .
dMeNa¼Rs
Na¼Rsay
Rsay
RsaybBa¢ak´fa f ( 1 +a a+ +b b ) < f ( 1 +a a + 1 +b b )
eyIgman f ( x ) = ln( x + 1 + x 2 ) , x ∈ IR
2x
1+
( x + 1 + x 2 )' 2 1 + x2
eyIgán f '( x) = =
x + 1+ x 2
x + 1 + x2
1 + x2 + x 1
= =
( x + 1 + x 2 )( 1 + x 2 ) 1 + x2
edayRKb´ x ∈ IR : x 2 + 1 > 0
naM[ f ' ( x ) = 1 2 > 0 , ∀x ∈ IR
1+ x
dUcen¼GnuKmn_ f ( x ) CaGnuKmn_ekInCanic©elI IR .
müa¨geTotcMeBa¼RKb´ a > 0 , b > 0 eKman ½
- 81 -
a
<
a
1+ a + b 1+ a
nig b
<
b
1+ a + b 1+ b
eKTaj a
+
b
<
a
+
b
1+ a + b 1+ a + b 1+ a 1+ b
a+b
¦ <
a
+
1+ a + b 1+ a 1+ b
b
edaysarEtGnuKmn_ f ( x ) CaGnuKmn_ekInCanic©elI IR
ehtuen¼tamlkçN¼GnuKmn_ekIneKán ³
a+b a b
< +
1+ a + b 1+ a 1+ b
a+b
naM[ f(
1+ a + b
) < f(
a
+
b
1+ a 1+ b
)
a+b
dUcen¼ f(
1+ a + b
) < f(
a
+
b
1+ a 1+ b
)
cMeBa¼RKb´ a > 0,b > 0 .
- 82 -
lMhat´TI32
eK[ a ≥ 1 nig b ≥ 1 .
a+b
cUrbgHajfa log 2 a + log 2 b ≤ 2 log 2 (
2
)
dMeNa¼Rs
Na¼Rsay
Rsay
bgHajfa log 2 a + log 2 b ≤ 2 log 2 ( a +2 b )
cMeBa¼ a ≥ 1 nig b ≥ 1 eyIgman a + b ≥ 2 a.b
( vismPaBkUsIu )
¦ a +2 b ≥ a .b
a+b 1
naM[ log 2 (
2
) ≥ ( log 2 a + log 2 b )
2
¦ log 2 a + log 2 b ≤ 2 log 2 ( a +2 b ) (1)
müa¨geToteKman log 2 a + log 2 b ≥ 2 log 2 a . log 2 b
2(log 2 a + log 2 b ) ≥ log 2 a + 2 log 2 a . log 2 b + log 2 b
2(log 2 a + log 2 b ) ≥ ( log 2 a + log 2 b ) 2
1
log 2 a + log 2 b ≥ ( log 2 a + log 2 b ) 2 ( 2)
2
tamTMnak´TMng (1) nig ( 2) eyIgTaj½
- 83 -
1 a+b
( log 2 a + log 2 b ) 2 ≤ 2 log 2 ( )
2 2
a+b
( log 2 a + log 2 b ) 2 ≤ 4 log 2 ( )
2
a+b
log 2 a + log 2 b ≤ 2 log 2 ( )
2
a+b
dUcen¼ log 2 a + log 2 b ≤ 2 log 2 (
2
) .
- 84 -
lMhat´TI33
eK[sIVúténcMnYnBit (u ) kMnt;eday ³ n
un = log 2  1 +  . log 2 (n2 + n )

 1
 n
Edl n = 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; .... .
k>cUrbgðajfa u > 0 cMeBaHRKb; n ≥ 1
n
x>KNnaplbUk S = u + u + u + .... + u CaGnuKmn_

n mn_én n
1 2 3 n
K>kMnt; n edIm,I[ S = 100 . n
dMeNa¼Rs
Na¼Rsay
Rsay
k>bgðajfa u > 0 cMeBaHRKb; n ≥ 1
n
eKman u = log  1 + n1  . log (n + n)

n 2 2
2
eday log  1 + n1  = log  n n+ 1  = log (n + 1) − log (n)

2 2 2 2
   
nig log (n + n) = log [n(n + 1)] = log (n) + log (n + 1)
2
2
2 2 2
eK)an u = [log (n + 1)] − [log (n)]

n 2
2
2
2
cMeBaHRKb; n ≥ 1 eKman log (n + 1) > log (n) 2 2
dUcenH u > 0 cMeBaHRKb; n ≥ 1 .

n
x>KNnaplbUk S = u + u + u + .... + u
n 1 2 3 n
- 85 -
eKman u = [log (n + 1)] − [log (n)]
n 2
2
2
2
-ebI n = 1 : u = [log 2] − [log 1]

1 2
2
2
2
-ebI n = 2 : u = [log 3] − [log 2]

2 2
2
2
2
-ebI n = 3 : u = [log 4] − [log 3]

3 2
2
2
2
--------------------------------------
-ebI n = n : u = [log (n + 1)] − [log (n)]
n 2
2
2
2
eFIVviFIbUkGgÁ nig GgÁénsmPaBTaMgenHeK)an ³

dUcenH S = [log (n + 1)] .
n 2
2
K>kMnt; n edIedIm,I[ S = 100 n
eyIg)an [log (n + 1)] = 100

2
2
log 2 (n + 1) = 10
n + 1 = 210 = 1024
dUcenH n = 1023 .
- 86 -
lMhat´TI34
eK[GnuKmn_ f ( x ) = x 2+ log x Edl x > 0
2
eKtag u1 = f ( x ) ; u2 = f ( f ( x )) ; u3 = f ( f ( f ( x )))
nig un = fn ( f (.... f ( f ( x ))....)) .
k>eKyk Vn = 1 + log 2 un . cUrbgðajfa Vn+1 = Vn2
x>eRbIGnumanrYmKNitviTüacUrRsayfa Vn = V12 . n
K>KNna Vn nig un CaGnuKmn_én n nig x .

dMeNa¼Rs
Na¼Rsay
Rsay
k-bgðajfa Vn+1 = Vn2
eKman Vn = 1 + log 2 un enaH vVn+1 = 1 + log 2 un+1
eday un = fn ( f (.... f ( f ( x ))....)) = f (un−1 )
eK)an un+1 = f (un ) = (un ) 2+ log u 2 n
ehtuenH Vn+1 = 1 + log 2 [ (un ) 2+ log u ] 2 n
Vn + 1 = 1 + (2 + log 2 un ) log 2 un
Vn + 1 = (1 + log 2 un )2 = Vn 2
dUcenH Vn + 1 = Vn 2 .
- 87 -
x>eRbIGnumanrYmKNitviTüaRsayfa Vn = V12 n
eKman Vn+1 = Vn2 ¬ tamsRmayxagelI ¦

eK)an V2 = V12 = V12 Bit 1
V3 = V22 = V14 = V12 Bit

2
]bmafavaBitcMeBaH n = k KW Vk = V12 k
eyIgnwgRsayfavaBitcMeBaH n = k + 1 KW Vk +1 = V12 k +1
eKman Vk +1 = Vk 2 eday Vk = V12 k
2
eK)an Vk +1 = V1  = V12 Bit
 2 
k k +1
dUcenH
cenH Vn = V12 .
n
K>KNna Vn nig un CaGnuKmn_én n nig x ³

eKman Vn = V12 n
eday V = 1 + log u = 1 + log (x

1 2 1 ) = (1 + log
2
2 + log 2 x
2 x)2
dUcenH Vn = (1 + log2 x )2 n+1
ehIy Vn = 1 + log2 un naM[ un = 2V −1 n
2n+1
dUcenH un = (2)(1+ log 2 x) −1
.
- 88 -
lMhat´TI35
eK[sIVúténcMnYnBit (u ) kMnt;eday ³ n
u = log
n
(n + 2) Edl n = 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; .... .
( n + 1)
k>cUrbgðajfa (u ) CasIVútcuHCanic©cMeBaHRKb; n ≥ 1
n
n 1 2 3 n
CaGnuKmn_én n
dMeNa¼Rs
Na¼Rsay
Rsay
k>bgðajfa (u ) CasIVútcuHCanic©cMeBaHRKb; n ≥ 1
n
eKman u = log (n + 2) nig u = log (n + 3)

n ( n + 1) n+1 (n+ 2)
cMeBaHRKb; n ≥ 1 eKman (n + 2) > (n + 2) − 1 2 2
b¤ (n + 2) > (n + 2 − 1)(n + 2 + 1) = (n + 1)(n + 3)

2
eK)an log (n + 2) > log [(n + 1)(n + 3)]

(n+ 2)
2
( n+ 2)
b¤ 2 > log (n + 1) + log (n + 3) (1)

( n+ 2) ( n+ 2)
tamvismPaB AM − GM eKman ³
log ( n + 2 ) (n + 1) + log ( n + 1 ) (n + 2 ) ≥ 2 log ( n + 2 ) (n + 1) log ( n + 1 ) (n + 2 )
b¤ log ( n + 2 ) (n + 1) + log ( n + 1) (n + 2 ) ≥ 2 (2 )
- 89 -
tam (1) nig (2) eKTaj)an ³
log ( n + 2 ) (n + 1) + log ( n + 1 ) (n + 2) > log ( n + 2 ) (n + 1) + log ( n + 2 ) (n + 3 )
log ( n + 1) (n + 2 ) > log ( n + 2 ) (n + 3)
un > un + 1
dUcenH (u ) CasIVútcuHCanic©cMeBaHRKb; n ≥ 1 .
n
n 1 2 3 n
n + 2)
eKman u = log (n + 2) = ln(
n ( n + 1)
ln( n + 1)
eK)an S = ∑ (ln u ) = ln ∏ (u )
n
n
k =1
k
n
k =1
k
eday ∏ (u ) = ∏  lnln((nn ++ 12))

n
k
n
k =1 
k =1 
ln 3 ln 4 ln 5 ln( n + 2)
= . . .....
ln 2 ln 3 ln 4 ln( n + 1)
ln( n + 2)
= = log 2 ( n + 2)
ln 2
dUcenH S n = ln[log 2 (n + 2 )] .
- 90 -
lMhat´TI36
eK[ f ( x ) = sin4 x + 4 cos2 x − cos4 + 4 sin2 x
k> sRmYl f ( x )
dMeNa¼Rs
Na¼Rsay
Rsay
k> sRmYl f ( x )
eKman f ( x ) = sin4 x + 4 cos2 x − cos4 + 4 sin2 x
eday cos2 x = 1 − sin2 x nig sin2 x = 1 − cos2 x
f ( x ) = sin 4 x + 4(1 − sin 2 x ) − cos4 x + 4(1 − cos 2 x )
= 4 − 4 sin 2 x + sin 4 x − 4 − 4 cos 2 x + cos4 x
= ( 2 − sin 2 x )2 − ( 2 − cos 2 x )2
= ( 2 − sin 2 x ) − ( 2 − cos 2 x ) = cos 2 x − sin 2 x
dUcenH f ( x ) = cos 2 x .
eK)an cos 2 x = 12 naM[ x = ± π3 + 2kπ Edl k ∈ Z .
- 91 -
lMhat´TI37
cMeBaHRKb; n ∈ IN eK[ Sn = cosn 12π + sinn 12π
x> bgðajfa 4 Sn+ 2 − 2 6Sn+1 + Sn = 0
dMeNa¼Rs
Na¼Rsay
Rsay
π π π
cos = cos( − )
12 3 4
π π π π
= cos cos + sin sin
3 4 3 4
1 2 3 2 6+ 2
= . + . =
2 2 2 2 4
π π π
sin = sin( − )
12 3 4
π π π π
= sin cos − sin cos
3 4 3 4
3 2 2 1 6− 2
= . − . =
2 2 2 2 4
π 6+ 2 π 6− 2
dUcenH cos =
12 12
; sin =
12 12
.
- 92 -
x> bgðajfa 4 Sn+ 2 − 2 6Sn+1 + Sn = 0
eKman Sn = cosn 12π + sinn 12π
tag x1 = cos 12π ; x2 = sin 12π enaH Sn = x1n + x2n
eKman x1 + x2 = 6 +4 2 + 6 −4 2 = 26
ehIy x1 . x2 = 6 +4 2 . 6 −4 2 = 616− 2 = 14
eK)an x1 nig x2 Cab¤ssmIkar x 2 − 26 x + 14 = 0
b¤ 4 x 2 − 2 6 x + 1 = 0
4 x12 − 2 6 x1 + 1 = 0
eKTaj  2
4 x2 − 2 6 x2 + 1 = 0
4 x1n + 2 − 2 6 x1n +1 + x1n = 0 ( i )
b¤ 
4 x2 n + 2 − 2 6 x2n + 1 + x2 n = 0 ( ii )
bUksmIkar (i ) nig (ii ) GgÁnwgGgÁeK)an ³
4( x1n + 2 + x2 n + 2 ) − 2 6 ( x1n + 1 + x2n + 1 ) + ( x1n + x2 n ) = 0
dUcenH 4 Sn+ 2 − 2 6 S n + 1 + Sn = 0 .
- 93 -
lMhat´TI38
cUrbgðajfa cos π7 − cos 27π + cos 37π = 12
(IMO 1963)
dMeNa¼Rs
Na¼Rsay
Rsay
bgðajfa cos π7 − cos 27π + cos 37π = 12
tag S = cos π7 − cos 27π + cos 37π
KuNGgÁTaMgBIrénvismPaBnwg 2 sin π7 eK)an ³
π 2π 2π π 3π π
2 S sin = sin − 2 cos sin + 2 cos sin
7 7 7 7 7 7
2π 3π π 4π 2π
= sin − (sin − sin ) + (sin − sin )
7 7 7 7 7
2π 3π π 3π 2π
= sin − (sin − sin ) + (sin − sin )
7 7 7 7 7
π
= sin
7
eKTaj S = 12
dUcenH cos π7 − cos 27π + cos 37π = 12 .
- 94 -
lMhat´TI39
KNna A = (1 − 4 sin2 π5 ) (1 − 4 sin2 35π )
Na¼Rsay
Rsay
dMeNa¼Rs
KNna A = (1 − 4 sin2 π5 ) (1 − 4 sin2 35π )
eKman cos 3 x = 4 cos3 x − 3 cos x
eKTaj 4 cos2 x − 3 = cos 3x
cos x
cos 3 x
4(1 − sin 2 x ) − 3 =
cos x
cos 3 x
1 − 4 sin 2 x =
cos x
3π 9π 9π
cos cos cos
eK)an A=
π
5 × 5 =
3π
5
π
cos cos cos
5 5 5
9π π π
eday cos
5
= cos( 2π − ) = cos
5 5
eKTaj)an A = 1 .
dUcenH (1 − 4 sin2 π5 ) (1 − 4 sin2 35π ) = 1 .
- 95 -
lMhat´TI40
x3 π
eK[ f ( x ) = 4 x 2 + 4 x − 1 . KNnatémø f (cos )
7
.
Na¼Rsay
Rsay
dMeNa¼Rs
KNnatémø f (cos π7 )
π
cos 3
eK)an f (cos π ) = 7 (i )
7 2π π
4 cos + 4 cos −1
7 7
4π 3π
eKman sin
7
= sin(π −
7
)
2π 2π 3π
2 sin cos = sin
7 7 7
π π π π π
4 sin cos ( 2 cos 2 − 1) = 3 sin − 4 sin 3
7 7 7 7 7
π π π
4 cos ( 2 cos 2 − 1) = 3 − 4 sin 2
7 7 7
π π π
8 cos 3 − 4 cos = 3 − 4(1 − cos 2 )
7 7 7
π 1 π π
cos 3 = (4 cos 2 + 4 cos − 1) ( ii )
7 8 7 7
π
tam (i ) nig ( ii ) eKTajf (cos ) =
7
1
8
.
- 96 -
lMhat´TI41
eK[ fk ( x ) = k1 (sink x + cosk x ) Edl k = 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; ...
cUrbgðajfa f4 ( x ) − f6 ( x ) = 121 .
dMeNa¼Rs
Na¼Rsay
Rsay
bgðajfa f4 ( x ) − f6 ( x ) = 121
eKman f4 ( x ) = 14 (sin4 x + cos4 x )
1
= [ (sin 2 x + cos 2 x )2 − 2 sin 2 x cos 2 x ]
4
=
1
4
(
1 − 2 sin 2 x cos 2 x )
ehIy 1
f 6 ( x ) = (sin 6 x + cos6 x )
6
f6 ( x ) =
1
6
[(sin 2 x + cos 2 x )3 − 3 sin 2 x cos 2 x (sin 2 x + cos 2 x ) ]
=
1
6
(1 − 3 sin 2 x cos 2 x )
eK)an 1 1 1
f4 ( x ) − f6 ( x ) = − =
4 6 12
dUcenH f4 ( x ) − f6 ( x ) =
1
12
.
- 97 -
lMhat´TI42
cUrbgðajfacMeBaHRKb;cMnYnKt;FmµCati n nig cMeBaHRKb;cMnYnBit
kπ
x ≠ t Edl t = 0 , 1 , 2 , ...., n nig k CacMnYnKt;eKman
2
1 1 1
+ + ..... + n
= cot x − cot 2 n
x
(IMO 1966)
dMeNa¼Rs
Na¼Rsay
Rsay
bgðajfa
1 1 1
+ + ..... + n
= cot x − cot 2 n
x
n
 1 
tag Sn =
1
+
sin 2 x sin 4 x
1
+ ..... +
1
n
= ∑ k 
sin 2 x k =1 sin 2 x 
sin 2 a + cos 2 a 2 cos 2 a − cos 2a
eKman 1
sin 2a
=
sin 2a
=
sin 2a
1 2 cos 2 a cos 2a
= − = cot a − cot 2a
sin 2a sin 2a sin 2a
eK)an Sn = ∑ (cot 2k −1 x − cot 2k x ) = cot x − cot 2n x
n
k =1
dUcenH sin12 x + sin14 x + ..... + sin 12n x = cot x − cot 2n x
- 98 -
lMhat´TI43
eK[ a , b , c , d CacMnYnenAkñúgcenøaH [ 0 ; π ] edaydwgfa

cos a + 7 cos b = 4(cos c + 2 cos d )
cUrbgðajfa 2 cos(a − d ) = 7 cos(b − c ) .
Na¼Rsay
Rsay
dMeNa¼Rs
bgðajfa 2 cos(a − d ) = 7 cos(b − c )
eKman cos a + 7 cos b = 4(cos c + 2 cos d )

sin a − 8 sin d = 4 sin c − 7 sin b
b¤ 
cos a − 8 cos d = 4 cos c − 7 cos b
( sin a − 8 sin d )2 = ( 4 sin c − 7 sin b )2 ( i )
b¤ 
( cos a − 8 cos d ) = (4 cos c − 7 cos b ) ( ii )
2 2
bUksmIkar (i ) nig (ii ) GgÁnwgGgÁeK)an ³

65 − 16 cos( a − d ) = 65 − 56 cos(b − c )
− 16 cos( a − d ) = −56 cos( b − c )
dUcenH 2 cos(a − d ) = 7 cos(b − c ) .
- 99 -
lMhat´TI44
cUrsresrCaplKuNktþaénkenSam ³
sin( x − y ) + sin( y − z ) + sin( z − x )
Na¼Rsay
Rsay
dMeNa¼Rs
sresrCaplKuNk+tþa
tag T = sin( x − y ) + sin( y − z ) + sin( z − x )
man sin( x − y ) + sin( y − z ) = 2 sin x 2− z cos x − 22y + z
ehIy sin( z − x ) = 2 sin z −2 x cos z −2 x
x−z x − 2y + z z− x
T = 2 sin  cos − cos 
2  2 2 
x−z z− y x− y
= −4 sin sin sin
2 2 2
x− y y−z z−x
= −4 sin sin sin
2 2 2
dUcenH
x− y y−z z− x
sin(x − y) + sin(y − z) + sin(z − x) = −4sin sin sin
2 2 2
- 100 -
lMhat´TI45
eK[RtIekaN ABC mYymanRCug a ; b ; c .
tag p = a + 2b + c CaknøHbrimaRténRtIekaN .
k-cUrbgðajfa sin A2 = ( p − bbc)( p − c ) rYcsresrTMnak;TMng
BIreTotEdlRsedogKñaenH .
x-cUrRsayfa sin A2 sin B2 sin C2 ≤ 18
dMeNa¼Rs
Na¼Rsay
Rsay
k-bgðajfa sin A2 = ( p − bbc)( p − c )
tamRTwsþIbTkUsIunUs a 2 = b2 + c 2 − 2bc cos A
b2 + c 2 − a 2
eKTaj cos A = 2bc
eday sin2 A2 = 1 − cos
2
A
2bc − (b 2 + c 2 − a 2 ) a 2 − ( b − c )2
= =
4bc 4bc
(a − b + c )(a + b − c )
=
4bc
a+b+c a − b + c = 2( p − b )
eday p= enaH
2 a + b − c = 2( p − c )
- 101 -
eK)an sin2 A2 = 4( p − 4bbc)( p − c ) = ( p − bbc)( p − c )
dUcenH sin A2 = ( p − bbc)( p − c ) .
TMnak;TMngBIreTOtEdlRsedogKñaenHKW ³
( p − a )( p − c ) ( p − a )( p − b )
B
sin =
2 ac
ni g C
sin =
2 ab
x-Rsayfa sin A2 sin B2 sin C2 ≤ 18
eKman sin A2 = ( p − bbc)( p − c )
( p − a )( p − c ) ( p − a )( p − b )
sin
B
2
=
ac
nig
sin =
C
2 ab
C ( p − a )( p − b )( p − c )
eK)an A
2
B
sin sin sin =
2 2 abc
(i )
tamvismPaB AM − GM eKman
( p − a ) + ( p − b ) ≥ 2 ( p − a )( p − b )
2 p − a − b ≥ 2 ( p − a )( p − b )
a + b + c − a − b ≥ 2 ( p − a )( p − b )
c ≥ 2 ( p − a )( p − b )
c2
eKTaj)an ( p − a )( p − b ) ≤
4
(1)
a2
dUcKñaEdr ( p − b )( p − c ) ≤
4
( 2)
- 102 -
b2
nig ( p − c )( p − a ) ≤
4
( 3)
eFIvplKuNTMnak;TMng (1) ; (2) nig (3) eK)an ³

a 2 b 2c 2
( p − a ) ( p − b) ( p − c ) ≤
2 2 2
64
( p − a )( p − b )( p − c ) 1
eKTaj abc
≤
8
( ii )
tamTMnak;TMng
ng
(i ) (ii ) nig eKTaj)an ³
A B C 1
sin sin sin ≤
2 2 2 8
.
lMhat´TI46
eK[RtIekaN ABC ehIyeKtag r nig R erogKñaCakaMrgVg;
carwkkñúg nig kaMrgVg;carwkeRkAénRtI
eRkAénRtIekaN .
cUrRsayfa cos A + cos B + cos C = 1 + Rr
dMeNa¼Rs
Na¼Rsay
Rsay
Rsayfa cos A + cos B + cos C = 1 + Rr
eKman cos A + cos B = 2 cos A +2 B cos A −2 B
- 103 -
π C A− B
= 2 cos( − ) cos
2 2 2
C A− B
= 2 sin cos
2 2
ehIy cos C = 1 − 2 sin 2
C
2
C C A− B
cos A + cos B + cos C = 1 − 2 sin (sin − cos )
2 2 2
A− B A+ B A− B
eday C
sin − cos
2 2
= cos
2
− cos
2
A B
= −2 sin sin
2 2
eK)an cos A + cos B + cos C = 1 + 4 sin A2 sin B2 sin C2 (i )
eKdwgfa ³
A ( p − b )( p − c ) B ( p − a )( p − c )
sin = ; sin =
2 bc 2 ac
( p − a )( p − b )
nig C
sin =
2 ab
( p − a )( p − b )( p − c )
cos A + cos B + cos C = 1 + 4
abc
tamrUbmnþehrug ³
abc
S= p( p − a )( p − b )( p − c ) = pr =
4R
- 104 -
S2
eKTaj ( p − a )( p − b )( p − c ) =
p
= pr 2 = r S
ehIy abc = 4 prR

eK)an cos A + cos B + cos C = 1 + 4. 4rprR
S
= 1+
r
R
dUcenH cos A + cos B + cos C = 1 + Rr .
lMhat´TI47
tag p = a + 2b + c CaknøHbri HbrimaRténRtIekaNehIy r nig R
erogKñaCakaMrgVg;carwkkñúg nig kaMrgVg;carwkeRkAénRtIekaN .
k-cUrbgðajfa ab + bc + ca = r 2 + p2 + 4r R
x-cUrbgðajfa a 2 + b2 + c 2 = 2 p2 − 2r 2 − 8r R
dMeNa¼Rs
Na¼Rsay
Rsay
k-bgðajfa ab + bc + ca = r 2 + p2 + 4r R
tamrUbmnþehrug ³
S= p( p − a )( p − b )( p − c ) = pr
( p − a )( p − b )( p − c )
eKTaj r=
p
- 105 -
( p − a )( p − b )( p − c )
r2 =
p
p 3 − ( a + b + c ) p 2 + ( ab + bc + ca ) p − abc
r =
2
p
p 3 − 2 p 3 + ( ab + bc + ca ) p − abc
r =
2
p
− p 3 + ( ab + bc + ca ) p − abc
r =
2
p
abc
ab + bc + ca = r 2 + p 2 +
p
eday S = pr =
abc
4R
eKTaj abc
p
= 4rR
dUcenH ab + bc + ca = r 2 + p2 + 4r R .
x-bgðajfa a 2 + b2 + c 2 = 2 p2 − 2r 2 − 8r R
tamsmPaB (a + b + c )2 = a 2 + b2 + c 2 + 2(ab + bc + ca)
eKTaj a 2 + b2 + c 2 = (a + b + c )2 − 2(ab + bc + ca )
eday a + b + c = 2 p
nig ab + bc + ca = r 2 + p2 + 4r R
eK)an a 2 + b2 + c 2 = 4 p2 − 2(r 2 + p2 + 4r R)
dUcenH a 2 + b2 + c 2 = 2 p2 − 2r 2 − 8r R .
- 106 -
lMhat´TI48
tag p = a + 2b + c CaknøHbrimaRténRtIekaNehIy r
CakaMrgVg;carwkkñúgénRtIekaN . cUrRsayfa ³
K> tan A2 tan B2 tan C2 = rp
X> cot A2 + cot B2 + cot C2 = rp
Na¼Rsay
Rsay
dMeNa¼Rs
A
B'
C'
B A' C
- 107 -
eKman AB + BC + CA = 2 p
eday AB = AC '+C ' B = AC '+ BA' ¬ eRBaH C ' B = BA' ¦
ehIy CA = CB'+ B' A = A' C + AC '
¬ eRBaH CB' = A' C nig B' A = AC ' ¦
eK)an AC '+ BA'+ BC + A' C + AC ' = 2 p
2 AC '+ ( BA'+ A' C ) + BC = 2 P
2 AC '+ BC + BC = 2 p
2 AC '+2 BC = 2 p
2 AC '+2a = 2 p
eKTaj AC ' = B' A = p − a
kñúgRtIekaNEkg IC ' A eKman tan A2 = AC
IC '
=
r
' p−a
eKTaj ( p − a ) tan A2 = r .
dUcKñaEdr tan B2 = p r− b b¤ ( p − b) tan B2 = r
nig tan
C
=
2 p−c
r
b¤ C
( p − c ) tan = r
2
dUcenH A B C
( p − a ) tan = ( p − b ) tan = ( p − c ) tan = r
2 2 2
- 108 -
tag T = tan A2 + tan B2 + tan C2
eday tan A2 = p r− a ; tan B2 = p r− b ; tan C2 = p r− c
eK)an ³
r r r
T= + +
p−a p−b p−c
r [( p − b)( p − c ) + ( p − a )( p − c ) + ( p − a )( p − b)]
=
( p − a )( p − b)( p − c )
=
(
pr 3 p2 − (b + c ) p − (a + c ) p − (a + b) p + bc + ac + ab )
( p − a )( p − b)( p − c )
=
(
S . 3 p 2 − 2(a + b + c ) p + ab + bc + ca )
S2
=
(3 p2 − 4 p2 + ab + bc + ca )
S
− p2 + ab + bc + ca
=
pr
tamrUbmnþehru
ehrug ³
S= p( p − a )( p − b )( p − c ) = pr
( p − a )( p − b )( p − c )
eKTaj r=
p
- 109 -
( p − a )( p − b )( p − c )
r2 =
p
p 3 − ( a + b + c ) p 2 + ( ab + bc + ca ) p − abc
r =
2
p
p 3 − 2 p 3 + ( ab + bc + ca ) p − abc
r =
2
p
− p 3 + ( ab + bc + ca ) p − abc
r =
2
p
abc
r 2 = − p 2 + ab + bc + ca −
p
abc
ab + bc + ca = r 2 + p 2 +
p
eday S = pr =
abc
4R
eKTaj abc
p
= 4rR
eKTaj ab + bc + ca = r 2 + p2 + 4r R
− p 2 + r 2 + p 2 + 4rR r + 4 R
ehtuenH T = pr
=
p
C 4R + r
dUcenH A
tan
2
B
+ tan + tan =
2 2 p
.
K> A B
tan tan tan =
2 2
C r
2 p
eKman A
tan =
2 p−a
r B
; tan =
r
2 p−b
C
; tan =
r
2 p−c
- 110 -
r3
eK)an A B C
tan tan tan =
2 2 2 ( p − a )( p − b )( p − c )
pr 3
=
p( p − a )( p − b )( p − c )
S r2 r2 r2 r
= 2 = = =
S S pr p
dUcenH A
2
B
2
C r
tan tan tan =
2 p
.
X> A B C p
cot + cot + cot =
2 2 2 r
C p−a p−b p−c
eK)an A
2
B
cot + cot + cot =
2 2 r
+
r
+
r
3 p − (a + b + c )
=
r
3p− 2p p
= =
r r
dUcenH A
2
B
2
C p
cot + cot + cot =
2 r
.
- 111 -
lMhat´TI49
tag S CaépÞRkla nig R CakaMrgVg;carwkeRkARtIekaN .
k>cUrbgðajfa a cos A + b cos B + c cos C = 2abcR2
x> cUrbgðajfa a 2 cot A + b 2 cot B + c 2 cot C = 4 S
Na¼Rsay
Rsay
dMeNa¼Rs
k>bgðajfa a cos A + b cos B + c cos C = 2abc R2
tag T = a cos A + b cos B + c cos C
tamRTwsþIbTsIunUs sina A = sinb B = sinc C = 2 R
 a = 2 R sin A

eKTaj  b = 2 R sin B
 c = 2 R sin C

eK)an T = R(sin 2 A + sin 2B + sin 2C )
= R [2 sin( A + B ) cos( A − B ) + 2 sin C cos C ]
= R [2 sin C cos( A − B ) − 2 sin C cos( A + B )]
= 2 R sin C [cos( A − B ) − cos( A + B )]
= 4 R sin A sin B sin C
- 112 -
eday sin A = 2aR ; sin B = 2bR ; sin C = 2cR
eK)an T = 4 R. 8abc =
abc
R3 2 R2
dUcenH a cos A + b cos B + c cos C = 2abc
R 2
.
x> bgðajfa a 2 cot A + b 2 cot B + c 2 cot C = 4 S
tag ∑ = a 2 cot A + b2 cot B + c 2 cot C
a b c
= a cos A + b cos B + c cos C
sin A sin B sin C
= 2 Ra cos A + 2 Rb cos B + 2 Rc cos C
= 2 R(a cos A + b cos B + c cos C )
abc abc abc
= 2R . 2 = = 4. = 4S
2R R 4R
dUcenH a 2 cot A + b 2 cot B + c 2 cot C = 4 S .
- 113 -
lMhat´TI50
tag r CakaMrgVg;carwkkñúg nig R CakaMrgVg;carwkeRkARtIekaN .
cUrbgðajfa a cot A + b cot B + c cot C = 2(r + R)
Na¼Rsay
Rsay
dMeNa¼Rs
bgðajfa a cot A + b cot B + c cot C = 2(r + R)
tag T = a cot A + b cot B + c cot C
a b c
= cos A + cos B + cos C
sin A sin B sin C
= 2 R cos A + 2 R cos B + 2 R cos C
= 2 R(cos A + cos B + cos C ) ( i )
A+ B A− B
eKman cos A + cos B = 2 cos
2
cos
2
π C A− B
= 2 cos( − ) cos
2 2 2
C A− B
= 2 sin cos
2 2
ehIy cos C = 1 − 2 sin 2
C
2
C C A− B
cos A + cos B + cos C = 1 − 2 sin (sin − cos )
2 2 2
- 114 -
eday sin C2 − cos A −2 B = cos A +2 B − cos A −2 B
A B
= −2 sinsin
2 2
eK)an A B
cos A + cos B + cos C = 1 + 4 sin sin sin
2 2
C
2
(i )
eKdwgfa ³
A ( p − b )( p − c ) B ( p − a )( p − c )
sin = ; sin =
2 bc 2 ac
( p − a )( p − b )
nig C
sin =
2 ab
( p − a )( p − b )( p − c )
cos A + cos B + cos C = 1 + 4
abc
tamrUbmnþehrug ³
S= p( p − a )( p − b )( p − c ) = pr =
abc
4R
eKTaj)an ³
S2
( p − a )( p − b )( p − c ) =
p
= pr 2 = r S nig
abc = 4 prR
eK)an cos A + cos B + cos C = 1 + 4.

rS
4 prR
r
= 1 + ( ii )
R
tam nig eK)an
(i ) (ii )
r
T = 2 R(1 + ) = 2( r + R )
R
dUcenH a cot A + b cot B + c cot C = 2(r + R) .
- 115 -
lMhat´TI51
bgðajfakñúgRtIekaN ABC mYyeKman
a−b A− B C
= tan tan
a+b 2 2
Na¼Rsay
Rsay
dMeNa¼Rs
bgðajfa aa +− bb = tan A −2 B tan C2
eKman a = 2 R sin A nig b = 2 R sin B
eK)an a − b = 2 R(sin A − sin B )
A− B A+ B
a − b = 4 R sin cos
2 2
A− B C
a − b = 4 R sin sin ( i )
2 2
ehIya + b = 2 R(sin A + sin B )
A+ B A− B
a + b = 4 R sin cos
2 2
C A− B
a + b = 4 R cos cos ( ii )
2 2
eFIviFIEck
(i ) nig
(ii ) GgÁ nig GgÁeK)an ³
a−b A− B
a+b
= tan
2
tan
C
2
.
- 116 -
lMhat´TI52
a 2 b2 c 2 A B C
+ + ≥ 4(sin 2 + sin 2 + sin 2 )
bc ca ab 2 2 2
Na¼Rsay
Rsay
dMeNa¼Rs
a 2 b2 c 2
bgðajfa bc + ca + ab ≥ 4(sin2 A2 + sin2 B2 + sin2 C2 )
a2 b c
eKTaj bc = c + b − 2 cos A eday bc + bc ≥ 2
a2
eK)an bc
≥ 2 − 2 cos A = 4 sin 2
A
2
b2 c2
dUcKñaEdr ca
≥ 4 sin 2 B
2
nig ab
≥ 4 sin 2
C
2
a 2 b2 c 2
eK)an +
bc ca ab
+
A B
≥ 4 sin 2 + 4 sin 2 + 4 sin 2
2 2
C
2
2 2 2
dUcenH a b
+ +
bc ca ab
c A B
≥ 4(sin 2 + sin 2 + sin 2 )
2 2
C
2
- 117 -
lMhat´TI53
cos A cos B cos C 81
+ + ≥
a3 b3 c3 16 p 3
Na¼Rsay
Rsay
dMeNa¼Rs
bgðajfa cosa 3A + cosb3B + cosc 3C ≥ 1681p3
2bc cos A b 2 c 2
eKTaj a 2 = a 2 + a 2 − 1 (1)
2ca cos B c 2 a 2
dUcKñaEdr b 2
= 2 + 2 − 1 ( 2)
b b
2ab cos A a 2 b 2
nig c 2
= 2 + 2 − 1 ( 3)
c c
bUksmIkar (1) ; (2) nig (3) eK)an ³
2bc cos A 2ca cos B 2ab cos C
T= 2
+ 2
+
a b c2
b2 a 2 c 2 a 2 b2 c 2
= 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 −3
a b a c c b
≥ 2+ 2+ 2−3= 3
eKTaj bc cos A ca cos B ab cos C 3
a 2
+
b 2
+
c 2
≥
2
- 118 -
b¤ cosa 3A + cosb3B + cosc 3C ≥ 2abc3
(i )
eKman 2 p = a + b + c ≥ 33 abc
8 p3
eKTaj abc ≤ 27 naM[ 2abc 3
≥
81
3
( ii )
16 p
tam (i ) nig (ii ) eKTaj)an ³
cos A cos B cos C
a 3
+
b 3
+
c 3
≥
81
16 p 3
.
lMhat´TI54
bgðajfakñúgRtIekaN ABC mYyEdl A ≠ B ≠ C eKman
k> a sin( B − C ) + b sin(C − A) + c sin( A − B ) = 0
B − C ) + b sin (C − A) + c sin ( A − B )
x> a sin (sin(
3 3 3 3 3 3
= 3abc
B − C ) sin( C − A) sin( A − B )
dMeNa¼Rs
Na¼Rsay
Rsay
bgðajfa a sin( B − C ) + b sin(C − A) + c sin( A − B ) = 0
A
B H C
- 119 -
kñúgRtIekaNEkg ABH eKman cos B = BH AB
=
BH
c
eKTaj BH = c cos B
kñúgRtIekaNEkg ACH eKman cos C = HC AC
=
HC
b
eKTaj HC = b cos C
eday a = BC = BH + HC naM[ a = b cos C + c cos B
dUcKñaEdr b = a cos C + c cos A nig c = a cos B + b cos A
tamRTwsþIbTsIunUs sina A = sinb B
eK)an b cos Csin+ Ac cos B = a cos Csin+ Bc cos A
b cos C sin B + c sin B cos B = a cos C sin A + c cos A sin A
c
b¤ ( b sin B − a sin A) cos C = (sin 2 A − sin 2 B )
2
( b sin B − a sin A) cos c = c sin( A − B ) cos( A + B )
( b sin B − a sin A) cos C = − c sin( A − B ) cos C
eKTaj c sin( A − B ) = a sin A − b sin B (i )
dUcKñaEdr a sin( B − C ) = b sin B − c sin C (ii )
b sin(C − A) = c sin C − a sin A ( iii )
bUkTMnak;TMng (i ) ; (ii ) & (iii ) eK)an ³
a sin( B − C ) + b sin(C − A) + c sin( A − B ) = 0 .
- 120 -
a 3 sin 3 ( B − C ) + b 3 sin 3 (C − A) + c 3 sin 3 ( A − B )
x> sin( B − C ) sin( C − A) sin( A − B )
= 3abc
tag x = a sin( B − C ) ; y = b sin(C − A) ; z = c sin( A − B)

eK)an x + y + z = 0 b¤ x + y = − z
eK)an ( x + y )3 = − z 3
x 3 + 3 x 2 y + 3 xy 2 + y 3 = − z 3
x 3 + 3 xy( x + y ) + y 3 = − z 3
x 3 − 3 xyz + y 3 = − z 3
x 3 + y 3 + z 3 = 3 xyz
CMnYs x = a sin(B − C ) ; y = b sin(C − A) ; z = c sin( A − B)
rYcEckGgÁTaMgBIrnwg sin( B − C ) sin(C − A) sin( A − B )
a 3 sin 3 ( B − C ) + b 3 sin 3 (C − A) + c 3 sin 3 ( A − B )
= 3abc
sin( B − C ) sin( C − A) sin( A − B )

- 121 -
lMhat´TI55
eK[sIVúténcMnYnBit (U n ) kMnt;eday ³
nπ
n
U n = 2 . sin
4
Edl n ∈ IN *
k>cUrbgðajfa 2 . cos (n +41)π = cos n4π − sin n4π

x> Taj[)anfa U = ( 2 ) cos n4π − ( 2 ) cos (n +41)π
n
n n+1

CaGnuKmn_én n .
dMeNa¼Rs
Na¼Rsay
Rsay
k>bgðajfa 2 . cos (n +41)π = cos n4π − sin n4π
k>bgð
tamrUbmnþ cos(a + b) = cos a cos b − sin a sin b
eyIg)an ³
( n + 1)π nπ π
2 cos = 2 cos( + )
4 4 4
nπ π nπ π
= 2 (cos cos − i sin sin )
4 4 4 4
2 nπ 2 nπ
= 2 ( cos − sin )
2 4 2 4
nπ nπ
= cos − sin
4 4
- 122 -
( n + 1)π nπ nπ
dUcenH 2 . cos
4
= cos
4
− sin
4
.
x> Taj[)anfa U = ( 2 ) cos 4 − ( 2 ) cos (n +41)π
n
n nπ n+1
eyIgman 2 . cos (n +41)π = cos n4π − sin n4π

naM[ sin n4π = cos n4π − 2 cos (n +41)π
KuNGgÁTaMgBIrnwg ( 2 ) n
eK)an ( 2 ) sin n4π = ( 2 ) cos n4π − ( 2 ) cos (n +41)π
n n n+1
nπ ( n + 1)π
dUcenH U n = ( 2 ) n cos
4
− ( 2 ) n+1 cos
4
.
eyIg)an S n = U 1 + U 2 + U 3 + ........... + U n = ∑ (U k )
n
k =1
n
 kπ ( k + 1)π 
= ∑ ( 2 )k cos − ( 2 )k + 1 cos
k = 1 4 4 
π ( n + 1)π
= 2 cos − ( 2 )n + 1 cos
4 4
( n + 1)π
dUcenH S n = 1 − ( 2 ) n +1 cos
4
.
- 123 -
lMhat´TI56
eK[ x CacMnYnBitEdl 60 x 2 − 71 x + 21 < 0 .
cUrbgðajfa sin  3 xπ− 1  < 0 .
 
Na¼Rsay
dMeNa¼RsRsay
bgðajfa sin  3 xπ− 1  < 0
 
tag f ( x ) = 60 x 2 − 71x + 21
ebI f ( x ) = 0 ⇔ 60 x 2 − 71 x + 21 = 0
∆ = ( −71) 2 − 4(60)(21) = 5041 − 5040 = 1
eKTaj¦s x = 71120− 1 = 127 , x = 71120
1 2
+ 39 3
=
5
eyIg)an f ( x ) = 60 x 2 − 71 x + 21 < 0
naM[ 127 < x < 53 b¤ 74 < 3 x < 59
< 3 x − 1 < naM[ <
3 4 4 1 4
<
4 5 5 3x − 1 3
eKTaj 45π < 3 xπ− 1 < 43π naM[ sin  3 xπ− 1  < 0 .
 
dUcenH ebI x CacMnYnBitEdl 60 x 2 − 71 x + 21 < 0
eK)an sin  3 xπ− 1  < 0 .
 
- 124 -
lMhat´TI57
eK[ 0 < x < π2 . cUrRsaybBa¢ak;fa ³
 1  1 
 1 +  1 +  ≥ 1+ 2
dMeNa¼Rs
Na¼Rsay
Rsay
RsaybBa¢ak;
 1  1 
1 +  1 +  ≥ 1+ 2
eyIgman ³
 1  1  1 1 1
1 +  1 +  = 1+ + +
 sin x   cos x  sin x cos x sin x cos x
eKman 1
+
sin x cos x
1
≥2
1
sin x cos x
eKTaj  1 + sin1 x   1 + cos1 x  ≥ 1 + 2 sin x1cos x + sin x1cos x
  
eday sin x cos x = 12 sin 2 x ≤ 12 enaH sin x1cos x ≥ 2
eK)an  1 + sin1 x   1 + cos1 x  ≥ 1 + 2 2 + 2 = (1 + 2 )
2
  
 1  1 
dUcenH  1 +  1 +  ≥1 + 2 .
- 125 -
lMhat´TI58
eK[RtI
eK[RtIekaN ABC .
1-cMeBaHRKb; x , y ∈]0 ,π [ cUrRsayfa ³
x+ y
sin x + sin y ≤ 2 sin ( ).
2
2-cUrRsayfa sin A + sin B + sin C ≤ 3 2 3 .
3-Tajbgðajfa ³
Na¼Rsay
Rsay
dMeNa¼Rs
1-Rsayfa sin x + sin y ≤ 2 sin ( x +2 y )
eyIgman sin x + sin y = 2 sin x +2 y  cos x −2 y 
   
eday x , y ∈]0 , π [
eKTaj 0 < x +2 y < π , − π2 < x −2 y < π2
ehIy sin x +2 y  > 0 nig cos x −2 y  ≤ 1

  
 

- 126 -
eKTaj  x + y
sin x + sin y = 2 sin
 x − y
 cos
 x + y
 ≤ 2 sin 
 2   2   2 
dUcenH sin x + sin y ≤ 2 sin ( x +2 y ) RKb; x , y ∈]0 ,π [ .

2-Rsayfa sin A + sin B + sin C ≤ 3 2 3
tamsRmayxagelIeKman sin x + sin y ≤ 2 sin ( x +2 y )
eday A , B , C CamMukñúgénRtIekaN ABC
enaHeKman A , B , C ∈]0 , π [ .
eyIg)an sin A + sin B ≤ 2 sin A +2 B  (a )
 
A+ B+C
C+
 A+ B +C  3
sin C + sin  ≤ 2 sin( )
 3  2
 A + B + 4C 
< 2 sin  (b)
 6 
bUkvismIkar (a ) nig (b) GgÁ nig GgÁeK)an ³
 A+ B+C   A+ B A + B + 4C 
sin A + sin B + sin C + sin  ≤ 2sin( ) + sin( ) ( c )
 3   2 6 
A + B A + B + 4C
edayeKman sin(
A+ B
2
) + sin(
A + B + 4C
6
) ≤ 2 sin( 2
+
2
6 )
A+ B A + B + 4C A+ B+C
sin( ) + sin( ) ≤ 2 sin( ) (d )
2 6 3
- 127 -
tamTMnak;TMng (c ) nig (d ) eKTaj)an
 A+ B+C   A+ B+C 
sin A + sin B + sin C + sin  ≤ 4 sin 
 3   3 
 A+ B+C  3 3
sin A + sin B + sin C ≤ 3 sin =
 3  2
dUcenH sin A + sin B + sin C ≤ 3 2 3 .

3-Tajbgðaj
tamsRmayxagelIeyIgman sin A + sin B + sin C ≤ 3 2 3
tamvismPaBkUsIu sin A + sin B + sin C ≥ 3 sin A sin B sin C
3
eKTaj 3 3 sin A sin B sin C ≤ 3 2 3

naM[ sin A sin B sin C ≤ 3 8 3
dUcenH sin A. sin B. sin C ≤ 3 8 3 .
eyIgman sin A + sin B + sin C = 2 sin A +2 B cos A −2 B + 2 sin C2 cos C2
eday A + B + C = π b¤ A +2 B = π2 − C2
- 128 -
eKman sin A +2 B = sin(π2 − C2 ) = cos C2 , cos A +2 B = cos(π2 − C2 ) = sin C2
eK)an
eK)ansin A + sin B + sin C = 2 cos C2 cos A −2 B + 2 cos A +2 B cos C2
C A− B A+ B
sin A + sin B + sin C = 2 cos (cos + cos )
2 2 2
A B C
sin A + sin B + sin C = 4 cos cos cos
2 2 2
tamsRmayxagelI
tamsRmayxagelIeyIgman sin A + sin B + sin C ≤ 3 2 3
eyIgTaj 4 cos A2 cos B2 cos C2 ≤ 3 2 3
dUcenH
enH cos A2 cos B2 cos C2 ≤ 3 8 3 .

- 129 -
lMhat´TI59
eK[sIVúténcMnYnkMupøic (Zn ) kMntéday ³
 1+ i 3
Z
 0 =
2

Z =
1
( Z n + | Z n | ) ; n ∈ IN
 n+1 2
( | Z n | Cam¨
CamÜDulén Z n ) .
snµtfa Z n = ρ n (cosθ n + i . sinθ n ) , ∀n ∈ IN
Edl ρ n > 0 , ρ n ; θ n ∈ IR .
k-rkTMnak´TMngrvag θ n nigθ n+1 ehIy ρ n nig ρ n+1 .
x-rkRbePTénsIVút (θ n ) rYcKNnaθ n CaGnuKmn_én n .
K-cUrbgHajfa ρ n = ρ 0 cosθ 0 cos θ21 cos θ22 .... cos θ n2−1
rYbBa¢ak´ ρ n GnuKmn_én n .
dMeNa¼Rs
Na¼Rsay
Rsay
k-TMnak´TMngrvag θ n nig θ n+1 ehIy ρ n nig ρ n+1
eyIgman Z n = ρ n (cosθ n + i . sinθ n )
naM[ Z n+1 = ρ n+1 (cosθ n+1 + i sin θ n+1 )
- 130 -
eday Z n+1 = 12 ( Z n + | Z n | ) ehIy | Zn | = ρn
eKán ³
ρ n+1 (cosθ n+1 + i sin θ n+1 ) =
1
[ρ n (cosθ n + i . sin θ n ) + ρ n ]
2
1
ρ n+1 (cosθ n+1 + i . sin θ n+1 ) = ρ n (1 + cos θ n + i . sin θ n )
2
θn θn θn
ρ n+1 (cos θ n+1 + i . sin θ n+1 ) = ρ n cos (cos + i . sin )
2 2 2
θn θn
eKTaján ρ n+1 = ρ n cos 2 nig θ n+1 = 2
dUcen¼ θ n+1 = θ2n nig ρ n+1 = ρ n cos θ2n .
x-RbePTénsIVút (θ n ) nigKNna θ n CaGnuKmn_én n ½
tamsRmayxagelIeyIgman θ n+1 = 12 θ n
naM[ (θ n )CasIVútFrNImaRtmanersugesµI q = 12 .
tamrUbmnþ θ n = θ 0 × q n
eday Z = ρ (cosθ + i sinθ ) = 1 + 2i 3 = cos π3 + i . sin π3
0 0 0 0
eKTaján ρ 0 = 1 ; θ 0 = π3
π 1
dUcen¼ θn = .
3 2n
.
- 131 -
K-bgHajfa ρ n = ρ 0 cosθ 0 cos θ21 cos θ22 .... cos θ2n
tamsRmayxagelI
tamsRmayxagelIeKman ³
θ ρ θ
ρ n+1 = ρ n cos n ¦ n+1 = cos n
2 ρ 2 n
ρ k + 1  k = n −1 
k = n −1  θk 
eKán ∏   
 = ∏  cos( )
k =0  ρ k  k =0  2 
ρn θ θ θ
= cos θ 0 . cos 1 . cos 2 ......... cos n−1
ρ0 2 2 2
θ1 θ2 θ n−1
dUcen¼ ρ n = ρ 0 cosθ 0 cos
2
cos
2
.... cos
2
.
müa¨geToteyIgman ³
θn θn θn
sin θ n = 2 sin cos = 2 sin θ n+1 cos
2 2 2
( eRBa¼θ n+1 = θ2n )
eKTaj cos θ2n = 12 . sinsinθθ n
n+1
ehtuen¼ ρ = 1 . sin θ sin θ

.
sin θ sin θ
0 1
.....
sin θ n−1
sin θ n
1 sin θ 0
= n.
2 sin θ n
n
2n 1 2
π
sin
dUcen¼ ρn =
1 3 =
3
.
1 .
2 sin( π . 1 )
n
2 n+1 π 1
sin( . n )
3 2n 3 2
- 132 -
lMhat´TI60
eK[sVúIténcMnYnBit (U n ) kMntélI n eday½
U 0 = 1 nig ∀n ∈ IN : U n+1 = U n cos a + sin a
Edl 0 < a < π2 .

k¿ tag Vn = U n − cot a2 .
cUrbgHajfa (Vn ) CasIVútFrNImaRtmYYy .
(V0 + V1 + .... + Vn ) nig lim U n
n→ +∞
dMeNa¼Rs
Na¼Rsay
Rsay
k¿ bgHajfa (Vn ) CasIVútFrNImaRtmYYy ½
man Vn = U n − cot a2 naM[ Vn+1 = U n+1 − cot a2
Et U n+1 = U n cos a + sin a
eKán Vn+1 = U n cos a + sin a − cot a2
a a a
= U n cos a + 2 sin cos − cot
2 2 2
a a a a
= U n cos a + cot ( 2 sin cos tan − 1)
2 2 2 2
- 133 -
a
sin
a a a 2 − 1)
Vn + 1 = U n cos a + cot ( 2 sin cos
2 2 2 a
cos
2
a a
Vn + 1 = U n cos a + cot ( 2 sin 2 − 1)
2 2
a a
Vn + 1 = U n cos a − cot cos a = (U n − cot ) cos a
2 2
Vn + 1 = Vn cos a
eday Vn + 1 = Vn cos a
naM[ (Vn ) CasIVútFrNImaRtmanersu
aRtmanersug cos a
nig tY V0 = U 0 − cot a2 = 1 − cot a2 .
x¿KNnalI
(V0 + V1 + .... + Vn ) nig lim U n
n→ +∞
eyIgman³
man³
1 − q n +1 a 1 − cos n + 1 a
V0 + V1 + ... + Vn = V0 = (1 − cot ).
1− q 2 1 − cos a
eyIgán  a 1 − cos n+1 a 
lim (V0 + V1 + .... + Vn ) = lim (1 − cot ) 
n→ +∞ n→ +∞
 2 1 − cos a 
eday lim cos n+1 a = 0
n→ +∞
a
1 − cot
dUcen¼ lim (V0 + V1 + .... + Vn ) =
n→ +∞
2
1 − cos a
.
- 134 -
müa¨geTot Vn = U n − cot a2 naM[ U n = Vn + cot a2
eday Vn = V0 × q n = (1 − cot a2 ) cos n a
eKán U n = (1 − cot a2 ) cos n a + cot a2
nig lim U = lim (1 − cot a2 ) cos a + cot a2  = cot a2
n
n→ +∞ 
n
n→ +∞ 
dUcen¼ lim U n = cot

n→ +∞
a
2
.
lMhat´TI61
eK[sIVúténcMnYnBit (U n ) kMntéday ½
U = 0 ; U = 1 nig ∀n ∈ IN : U
0 1 = 2U cos a − U
n+ 2 n+1 n
Edl a ∈ IR .
k¿ tag Z = U − (cos a − i sin a ) U , ∀n ∈ IN .
n n+1 n
cUrbgHajfa Z n+1 = (cos a + i sin a ) Z n rYcTajrk

Z n CaGnuKmn_ n nig a .
x¿ Tajrk U n CaGnuKmn_én n rYcTajrk alim →0

Un .
- 135 -
dMeNa¼Rs
Na¼Rsay
Rsay
k¿bgHajfa Z n+1 = (cos a + i sin a ) Z n
eyIgman Z n = U n+1 − (cos a − i sin a )U n
eyIgán Z n+1 = U n+ 2 − (cos a − i sin a )U n+1
= 2U n+1 cos a − U n − (cos a − i sin a )U n+1
= (cos a + i sin a )U n+1 − U n
Un
= (cos a + i sin a )(U n+1 − )
cos a + i sin a
= (cos a + i sin a )[U n+1 − (cos a − i sin a )U n ]
= (cos a + i sin a ) U n
dUcen¼ Z n+1 = (cos a + i sin a ) Z n .
KNna Z n CaGnuKmn_én n nig a ½
eday Z n+1 = (cos a + i sin a ) Z n
naM[ ( Z n ) CasIVútFrNImaRténcMnYnkMupøicEdlmanersug
q = cos a + i sin a nigtY Z = U − (cos a − i sin a )U = 1
0 1 0
tamrUbmnþ Z = Z × q = (cosa + i sin a) = cos(na) + i sin(na)

n 0
n n
dUcen¼ Z n = cos(na ) + i . sin(na ) .
- 136 -
x¿Tajrk U n CaGnuKmn_én n ½
eyIgman Z n = U n+1 − (cos a − i sin a )U n (1)
nig Z n = U n+1 − (cos a + i sin a )U n ( 2)
dksmIkar (1) nig (2) Gg:nwgGg:eKán ½

Z − Zn
Z n − Z n = 2i sin a U n naM[ U n = n
2i sin a
Edl sin a ≠ 0 .
eday Z n = cos(na ) + i sin(na )
nig Z n = cos(na ) − i sin( na )
eKán U = cos(na) + i sin(na2i)sin
n
− cos(na ) + i sin( na ) sin(na )
a
=
sin a
dUcen¼ Un =
sin( na )
sin a
.
ehIy lim U = lim sin(sinnaa ) = n lim sin((nana) ) × sina a = n
a →0
n
a →0 a →0
dUcen¼ alim
→0
Un = n .
- 137 -
lMhat´TI62
eda¼RsaysmIkar ½
π π
4 sin( x + ) cos( x + )= 3+2 2
4 12
Na¼Rsay
Rsay
dMeNa¼Rs
eda¼RsaysmIkar ½
π π
4 sin( x + ) cos( x + ) = 3 + 2 2
4 12
tamrUbmnþ 2 sin a cos b = sin( a + b ) + sin( a − b )
smIkarxagelIGacsresrCabnþbnÞab´xageRkam ½
 π π π π 
2 sin( x + + x + ) + sin( x + − x − ) = 3 + 2 2
 4 12 4 12 
 π π
2 sin( 2 x + ) + sin  = (1 + 2 )2
 3 6
π
2 sin( 2 x + )+1= 1+ 2
3
π 2
sin( 2 x + )=
3 2
π π π π
eKTaj 2x +
3
=
4
+ 2 kπ b¤ 2x +
3
=π −
4
+ 2 kπ
π 5π
dUcen¼ x=−
24
+ kπ ; x =
24
+ kπ ; k ∈ Z
- 138 -
lMhat´TI63
eK[sIVúténcMnYnBit (U n ) kMnt;elI IN eday ³
2 nig 1− 1−U 2
U =
0 U =
n+1 , ∀n ∈ IN n
2 2
KNna U n CaGnuKmn_én n .
dMeNa¼Rs
Na¼Rsay
Rsay
KNna U n CaGnuKmn_én n
eyIgman U = 22 = sin π4 Bit
0
]bmafavaBitdl;tYTI p KW U p = sin πp+ 2

2
π
eyIgnwgRsayfavaBitdl;tYTI ( p + 1) KW U p+1 = sin p+ 3
Bit
2
π
eyIgman U =
1 − 1 − U p2
tamkar]bma U p = sin
2 p+ 2
p +1
2
π
1 − 1 − sin 2
eyIg)an U p +1 =
2
2 p+ 2
π π
1 − cos 2 sin 2
= 2 p+ 2 = 2 p+ 3 = sin π Bit
2 2 2 p+ 3
π
dUcenH U n = sin n+ 2
.
2
- 139 -
lMhat´TI64
eK[
π
2 = 2 cos
22
π
2 + 2 = 2 cos
23
π
2 + 2 + 2 = 2 cos
24
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
BI]TahrN_
TahrN_xagelIcUrrkrUbmnþTUeTA nig RsaybBa¢k;rUbmnþenaHpg
dMeNa¼Rs
Na¼Rsay
Rsay
rkrUbmnþTUeTA ½
eKman
π
2 = 2 cos
22
π
2 + 2 = 2 cos
23
π
2 + 2 + 2 = 2 cos
24
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
tamlMnaM«TahrN_eyIgGacTajrkrUbmnþTUeTAdUcxageRkam ½
π
2 + 2 + 2 + ......... + 2 = 2 cos n+1
14444 4244444 3
.
(n)
2
- 140 -
RsaybBaØak´rUbmnþen¼ ½
eyIgtag An = 124+ 424+422 4
+ ...... + 2
4443
(n)
Ba¼RKb´ n ∈ IN * .
cMeBa¼RKb´
eyIgman A1 = 2 = 2 cos π2 Bit
2
eyIg«bmafavaBitdl´tYTI p KW ³
π Bit
A p = 2 + 2 + 2 + ...... + 2 = 2 cos p +1
14444244443 2
( p)
eyIgnwgRsayfavaBitdl´tYTI p + 1 KW A p+1 = 2 cos

π
p+ 2
Bit
2
eyIgman A p+1 = 2 + A p
edaytamkar«bma A p = 2 cos πp+1
2
eyIgán A = 2 + 2 cos π = 4 cos π
p +1 p +1
2
p+ 2
= 2 cos
π
p+ 2
Bit
2 2 2
π
dUcen¼ 2 + 2 + 2 + ......... + 2 = 2 cos n+1
14444 4244444 3
.
(n)
2
- 141 -
lMhat´TI65
yk a; b ;c CaRbEvgRCug nig A,B,C CargVas;mMuTaMgbIénRtIekaN
ABCmYyEdl S CaRklaépÞRtIekaNenaH.
a 2 + b2 + c 2
Rsayfa CotA + CotB + CotC =
4S
dMeNa¼Rs
eNa¼Rsay
eNa¼Rsay
tamRTWsþIbTsIunus
a 2 = b 2 + c 2 − 2b cos A
1 cos A
= b 2 + c 2 − 4( bc sin A)
2 sin A
a 2 = b 2 + c 2 − 4 S cot gA (1)
b 2 = a 2 + c 2 − 4 S cot gB (2 )
c 2 = b 2 + a 2 − 4 S cot gC (3 )
bUk (1),(2),(3) eyIg)an

a 2 + b 2 + c 2 = 2( a 2 + b 2 + c 2 ) − 4 S (cot gA + cot gB + cot gC )
a 2 + b2 + c 2
cot gA + cot gB + cot gC =
4S
a 2 + b2 + c 2
dUcenH cot gA + cot gB + cot gC =
4S
- 142 -
lMhat´TI66
eK[RtIekaN ABC mYymanRCug BC = a , AC = b , AB = c
cUrRsaybBa¢k;fa a + b + c = 2abc
dMeNa¼Rs
Na¼Rsay
Rsay
tamRTwsþIbTkUsIunUskñúgRtIekaN ABC eKman ³
b2 + c 2 − a 2
a = b + c − 2bc cos A smmUl cos A =
2 2 2
2bc
a 2 + c 2 − b2
b = a + c − 2ac cos B
2 2 2
smmUl cos B =
2ac
a 2 + b2 − c 2
c 2 = a 2 + b 2 − 2ab cos C smmUl cos C =
2ab
tag M = cosa A + cosb B + cosc C
b2 + c 2 − a 2 a 2 + c 2 − b2 a 2 + b2 − c 2
= + +
2abc 2abc 2abc
b2 + c2 − a 2 + a 2 + c2 − b2 + a 2 + b2 − c2
=
2abc
a 2 + b2 + c2
=
2abc
dUcenH a
+
b
+
c
=
2abc
.
- 143 -
lMhat´TI67
edaHRsaysmIkar
k> 2( log 2 sin x ) 2 + log 2 (2 sin3 x ) = 0
2
 
x>  log


2 cos x  + 3 log 2 cos x + 2 = 0
 2 
Na¼Rsay
Rsay
dMeNa¼Rs
edaHRsaysmIkar
k> 2( log2 sin x ) 2 + log2 (2 sin3 x ) = 0
lkç½xNÐ½ sin x > 0
smIkarGacsresr
arGacsresr ³
2 (log 2 sin x )2 + log 2 (sin 3 x ) + log 2 2 = 0
2 (log 2 sin x )2 + 3 log 2 sin x + 1 = 0
tag X = log2 sin x
2X 2 + 3X + 1 = 0 manb¤s X1 = −1 ; X 2 = − 12
-cMeBaH X = −1 eK)an log 2 sin x = −1 b¤ sin x = 12
eKTajb¤s x = π6 + 2kπ b¤ x = 56π + 2kπ (k ∈ Z )
- 144 -
-cMeBaH X = − 12 eK)an log 2 sin x = − 12 b¤ sin x = 22

2
 
x>  log
 2 cos x  + 3 log
 2 cos x + 2 = 0
 2 
lkç½xN½Ð cos x > 0
tag t = log 2 cos x enaH log 2 cos x = − t
2
eK)an t 2 − 3t + 2 = 0 manb¤s t1 = 1 ; t2 = 2
-cMeBaH t1 = 1 eK)an log 2 cos x = 1 b¤ cos x = 2
2
eKTajb¤s x = ± π4 + 2kπ (k ∈ Z )
-cMeBaH t2 = 2 eK)an log 2 cos x = 2 b¤ cos x =
1
2
2
eKTajb¤s x = ± π3 + 2kπ (k ∈ Z )
- 145 -
lMhat´TI68
edaHRsayRbB½
edaHRsayRbB½næsmI smIkar
 (2 sin x ) ln 2 = ( 2 sin y ) ln 2


 ( 2 )
ln sin x
= 2 ln sin y
Edl 0 < x < π2 nig 0 < y < π2 .
Na¼Rsay
dMeNa¼RsRsay
edaHRsayRbB½næsmIkar
 (2 sin x ) ln 2 = ( 2 sin y ) ln 2
 (i )

 ( 2 )
ln sin x
= 2 ln sin y ( ii )
smIkarar (i ) Gacsresr ³
ln(2 sin x )ln 2 = ln( 2 sin y )
ln 2
1 1
ln 2 (ln 2 + ln sin x ) = ln 2 ( ln 2 + ln sin y )
2 2
1 1
ln 2 + ln sin x = ln 2 + ln sin y
4 2
1 3
ln sin x − ln sin y = − ln 2 ( a )
2 4
- 146 -
ln( 2 )
ln sin x
(
= ln 2ln sin y )
ln sin x ln 2 = ln sin y ln 2
1
ln sin x ln 2 = ln sin y ln 2
2
ln sin x = 2 ln sin y ( b )
yksmIkar (b) CYkñúg (a ) eK)an ³
1 3
2 ln sin y − ln sin y = − ln 2
2 4
3 3
ln sin y = − ln 2
2 4
1
ln sin y = − ln 2
2
 2
ln sin y = ln 
 2 
eKTaj sin y = 2
2
naMnaM[ y = π4 eRBaH 0 < y < π2
tam (b) eKTaj ln sin x = 2 ln 2

 2 
eKTaj sin x = 12 naM[ x = π6 eRBaH 0< x<
π
2
dUcenH x = π6 nig y = π4 .
- 147 -
lMhat´TI69
 3
 sin x + sin y =
 2
 2sin x + 2sin y = 2 + 2

dMeNa¼Rs
Na¼Rsay
Rsay
 3
 sin x + sin y = (i )
 2
 2sin x + 2sin y = 2 + 2
 ( ii )
tam (i ) eKTaj sin y = 32 − sin x ( iii )
yk (iii ) CYskñúg (ii ) eK)an ³

3
− sin x
2sin x
+2 2 = 2+ 2
2sin x + 2 2 . 2− sin x = 2 + 2
tag t = 2sin x > 0
eK)an t + 2 2 1t = 2 + 2
b¤ t 2 − (2 + 2 )t + 2 2 = 0 manb¤s t1 = 2 ; t2 = 2
- 148 -
-cMeBaH t = 2 eK)an 2sin x = 2 naM[ sin x = 12
ehIytam (iii ) eK)an sin y = 32 − 12 = 1
eKTaj y = π2 + 2kπ ; k ∈ Z
-cMeBaH t = 2 eK)an 2sin x = 2 naM[ sin x = 1
eKTajb¤s x = π2 + 2kπ (k ∈ Z )
ehIytam (iii ) eK)an sin y = 32 − = 12
eKTaj y = π6 + 2kπ ; y = 56π + 2kπ ; k ∈ Z .
- 149 -
lMhat´TI70
eK[ 0 < a < π2 nig 0<b<
π
2
.
2 2
 sin 2 a   cos 2 a 
cUrbgHajfa   +   = 1
lu¼RtaEt a = b .
dMeNa¼Rs
Na¼Rsay
Rsay
karbgHaj
2 2
 sin 2 a   cos 2 a 
eKman   +   = 1
 sin 4 a cos 4 a 
smmUl (sin b + cos b) 2 + 2  = 1
2 2
 sin b cos b 
cos 2 b 4 sin 2 b
sin a + cos a +
4 4
2
sin a + 2
cos 4
a=1
sin b cos b
cos 2 b 4 sin 2 b
1 − 2 sin a cos a +
2 2
2
sin a + 2
cos 4
a=1
sin b cos b
2
 cos b 2 sin b 
 sin a − cos 2 a )  = 0
 sin b cos b 
eKTaj cos b sin 2 a = sin b cos 2 a
sin b cos b
- 150 -
sin 2 a sin 2 b
smmUl =
cos a cos 2 b
2
smmUl tan 2 a = tan 2 b
eday 0 < a < π nig 0<b<

π
2 2
ena¼eKTaj
ena¼eKTaj a = b .
- 151 -
lMhat´TI71
eK[ ABCCaRtIekaNmYyEdlepÞógpÞat´lkç&x&NÐ
sin B + sin C = 1 + sin B sin C cos A .
2 2
bgHajfa ABC CaRtIekaNEkg .

dMeNa¼Rs
Na¼Rsay
Rsay
bgHajfa ABC CaRtIekaNEkg
U eKman a = b = c = 2R
tamRTwsþIbTsIunUns
sin A sin B sin C
eKTaj a = 2R sin A , b = 2R sin B , c = 2R sin C
eday a = b + c − 2bc cos A ( RTwsþIbTkUsIunUs )
2 2 2
eKTaján ½
4R 2 sin 2 A = 4R 2 (sin 2 B + sin 2 C − 2 sin B sin C cos A )
sin 2 A = sin 2 B + sin 2 C − 2 sin B sin C cos A (1)
Et sin B + sin C = 1 + sin B sin C cos A (2)
2 2
yksmIkar (2) CYsenAkñúg (1) eKTaj sin A = 1 2
naM[ A = 90 . dUcen¼ ABC CaRtIekaNEkg .

0
- 152 -
lMhat´TI72
eK[RtIekaN ABC mYymanRCúg a , b , c .
kMnt´RbePTénRtIekaN ABC ebIeKdw
Kdwgfa ½
cos A cos B cos C 1 1 1 1
+ + = ( + + )
a b c 2 a b c
dMeNa¼Rs
Na¼Rsay
Rsay
RbePTénRtIekaN ABC
tamRTwsþIbTkUsIunUskñúgRtIekaN ABC eKman ½
b +c −a
2 2 2
cos A b + c − a 2 2 2
cos A =
2bc
naM [ a
=
2abc
(1)
cos B a 2 + c 2 − b 2
dUcKñaEdreKTaj b
=
2abc
( 2)
cos C a 2 + b 2 − c 2
nig c
=
2abc
( 3)
bUkTMnak´TMng (1) , (2) , (3) Gg:nwgGg:eKán ½

+ + =
a b c 2abc
eday cos A cos B cos C 1 1 1 1
a
+
b
+
c
= ( + + )
2 a b c
eKTaján ½
- 153 -
a2 + b2 + c2 1 1 1 1
= ( + + )
2abc 2 a b c
a 2 + b 2 + c 2 bc + ca + ab
=
2abc 2abc
a 2 + b 2 + c 2 = ab + bc + ac
2a 2 + 2b 2 + 2c 2 = 2ab + 2bc + 2ac
(a 2 − 2ab + b 2 ) + (b 2 − 2bc + c 2 ) + (c 2 − 2ac + a 2 ) = 0
(a − b ) 2 + (b − c ) 2 + (c − a ) 2 = 0
eKTajánsmPaB a = b = c .
dUcen¼ ABC CaRtIekaNsmg&ß .
- 154 -
lMhat´TI73
kñúgRtIekaN ABC mYycUrRsaybBa¢ak´fa ½
1 1 1 R
+ + ≥4
A B C r
sin sin sin
2 2 2
Edl r nig R CakaMrgVgćarwkkñúg nig carwkeRkARtIekaN .
dMeNa¼Rs
Na¼Rsay
Rsay
Rsayfa A
1
B
+
C
1
+
1
≥4
R
r
(1)
sin sin sin
2 2 2
tag BC = a , AC = b , AB = c
tamRTwsþIbTkUsIunUskñúgRtIekaN ABC eKman ½

a = b + c − 2bc. cos A eday cos A = 1 − 2 sin
2 2 2 2 A
2
ena¼ a = b + c − 2bc(1 − 2 sin A2 )
2 2 2 2
A a 2 − (b − c)2 (a + b − c )(a − b + c )
eKTaj sin
2
= 2
4bc
=
4bc
a+b+c
tag p=
2
( knø¼brimaRténRtIekaN )
eKán a + b − c = 2(p − c ) nig
a − b + c = 2(p − b )
A (p − b )(p − c)
eKán sin 2
2
=
bc
- 155 -
(p − b )(p − c)
naM[ A
sin
2
=
bc
. dUcKñaEdreKTaj ½
B (p − a )(p − c) C (p − a )(p − b )
sin = ; sin =
2 ac 2 ab
C (p − a )(p − b )(p − c)
eKán A
2
B
sin sin sin =
2 2 abc
eKmanS = p(p − a )(p − b )(p − c) = pr =
abc
4R
S2
eKTaj abc = 4R .S nig
(p − a )(p − b )(p − c) =
p
= r .S
eKán A B
sin sin sin =
2 2
C r .S
2 4R .S 4R
=
r
.
vismPaB (1) smmUleTAnwg ½
1 1 1 1
+ + ≥4
A B C A B C
sin sin sin 4 sin sin sin
2 2 2 2 2 2
B C C A A B
sin sin sin sin sin sin
2
A
2 + 2
B
2 + 2
C
2 ≥2 (2 )
sin sin sin
2 2 2
(p − a )2 (p − b )(p − c) p − a
eday B
sin sin =
2
C
2 a 2bc
=
a
sin
A
2
- 156 -
B C
sin sin
eKTaj 2 2 = p−a . dUcKñaEdreKTaján ½
A a
sin
2
C A A B
sin sin sin sin
2 2 = p−b nig 2 2 = p−c
B b C c
sin sin
2 2
vismPaB (2 )smmUleTAnwg ½
p−a p−b p−c
+ + ≥2
a b c
tamvismPaB AM − GM eKán ½
p − a 2(p − a )
p = (p − a ) + a ≥ 2 (p − a )a naM[ ≥
a p
p − b 2(p − b ) p − c 2(p − c )
dUcKñaEdr b
≥
p
nig c
≥
p
eKán
p−a p−b p−c (p − a ) + ( p − b ) + ( p − c )
+ + ≥2
a b c p
p−a p−b p−c
a
+
b
+
c
≥2 Bit
dUcen¼ 1
A
+
1
B
+
1
C
≥4
R
r
.
sin sin sin
2 2 2
- 157 -
lMhat´TI74
k> cUrRsayfa sin
cos 2a
2
=
1
−
1
 x 
n  cos k 
1 2 
k = 0  2 sin 2 x 
 
 2k 
dMeNa¼Rs
Na¼Rsay
Rsay
k> Rsayfa sin
cos 2a
2
=
1
−
1
eKman cos 2a = 2 cos2 a − 1 nig sin 2a = 2 sin a cos a
2 cos2 a − 1
eK)an sin2 2a = 4 sin2 a cos2 a
cos 2a
2 cos 2 a 1
= −
4 sin 2 a cos 2 a 4 sin 2 a cos 2 a
1 1
= −
2 sin 2 a sin 2 2a
dUcenH cos 2a
=
1
−
sin 2 2a 2 sin 2 a sin 2 2a
1
 x 
n  cos k 
1 2 
k = 0  2 sin 2 x 
 
 2k 
- 158 -
eKman sin
cos 2a
2
=
1
−
1
yk a = 2kx+1 eK)an ³
x
cos
2k = 1 1
−
x x x
sin 2 k 2 sin 2 k + 1 sin 2 k
2 2 2
KuNGgÁTaMgBIr nwg 1
2k
eK)an ³
x
cos k
1 2 = 1 1
. −
2k sin 2 x 2k +1 sin 2 x 2 k
sin 2 x
2k 2k + 1 2k
 
n  1 1 
Sn = ∑  − 
k = 0  2k + 1 sin 2 x k 2 x 
 2 sin 
 2k + 1 2k 
1 1
= −
x
2n + 1 sin n + 1 sin x
2
dUcenH Sn =
1
x
−
1
.
2n + 1 sin n + 1 sin x
2
- 159 -

អនុគមន៍អិចស្ប៉ូ និងលោការីត ត្រីកោណមាត្រ PDF

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

អនុគមន៍អិចស្ប៉ូ និងលោការីត ត្រីកោណមាត្រ PDF

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

អនុគមន៍អិចស្ប៉ូ និងលោការីត ត្រីកោណមាត្រ PDF

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

lwm pl:ún nig Esn Bisidæ

1> esovePAKNitviTüafñak;TI11 kMritmUldæan nig kMritx<s;rbs;RksYg

4> 360 Problems for Mathematical Contests

5> Mathematical Olympiad Treasures

6> International Mathematical Olympiads 1959-1977

k> cUrbgðajfaRKb;cMnYnBit x eK)an f ( x ) ≥ 16 .

x> KNnaplbUk S = ∑  f  p k+ 1  .

K>TajrktY a énsIVút (a ) CaGnuKmn_én n .

15-eK[sIVútcMnYnBit (a ) kMnt;eday a = 1 nigTMnak;TMng

kMeNIn a = log (27 + 3 + 3 )

x>KNna b nig a CaGnuKmn_én n .

u = a nig u = (u ) Edl a > 2 .

k>cUrbgðajfa u > 2 cMeBaHRKb; n = 0 ;1 ; 2 ; .... .

X>KNna W ; V nig u CaGnuKmn_én n .

cUrRsayfa x + y = 1 + 2 log  2 +3 2 

X> (log (2 + 1)) − 3 log (2 + 1) + 2 = 0

un = log 2  1 +  . log 2 (n2 + n )

x>KNnaplbUk S = u + u + u + .... + u CaGnuKmn_én n

K>kMnt; n edIm,I[ S = 100 .

K>KNna Vn nig un CaGnuKmn_én n nig x .

k>cUrbgðajfa 2 . cos (n +41)π = cos n4π − sin n4π

K> KNnaplbUk S n = U 1 + U 2 + U 3 + ......... + U n

Edl 0 < a < π2 .

cUrbgHajfa Z n+1 = (cos a + i sin a ) Z n rYcTajrk

x¿ Tajrk U n CaGnuKmn_én n rYcTajrk alim →0

bgHajfa ABC CaRtIekaNEkg .

k> cUrbgðajfaRKb;cMnYnBit x eK)an f ( x ) ≥ 16 .

x> KNnaplbUk S = ∑  f  p k+ 1  .

tag t = ( 2 + 3 ) x > 0 enaH ( 2 − 3 ) x = 1t

dUcenHsmIkar (i ) Kµanb¤scMeBaH − 1 ≤ t < 3 .

smIkar (ii ) Gacsresr ³

-cMeBaH X = 1 enaH 2( ) = 1 naM[ x = 1 .

-cMeBaH X = 2 enaH 2( ) = 2 smmUl ( x − 1) = 1

tam (i ) nig (ii ) smIkarsmmUl ³

tamRkahVikeyIgeXIjfaExSekag (c ) nigbnÞat; (d ) kat;Kña

tamRkahVikeyIgeXIjfaExSekag (c ) nigbnÞat; (d ) kat;Kña

a = 1 nig TMnak;TMngkMeNIn a = log (4 + 2

K>TajrktY a énsIVút (a ) CaGnuKmn_én n .

eK)an b = 1 + 2 eday a = log (4 + 2 )

cMeBaH n = 0 eK)an b = 1 + 2 = 1 + 2 = 3 Bit

K>TajrktY a énsIVút (a ) CaGnuKmn_én n ³

eKTaj a = log (b − 1) eday b = 3 2n

nigTMnak;TMngkMeNIn a = log (27 + 3 n+1 3

eday a = log (27 + 3 + 3 )

eK)an ln(b ) = 3 ln(b ) tag c = ln(b )

enaH c = 3c naM[ (c ) CasIVútFrNImaRtmanersug q = 3

nigtY c = ln(b ) = ln(1 + 3 ) = ln 4 .

eKTaj ln(b ) = 3 ln 4 naM[ b = 4

naM[ a = log (b − 1) = log (4 − 1)

dUcenH b = 4 nig a = log (4 − 1 ) .

u = a nig u = (u ) Edl a > 2 . log 2 un

k>cUrbgðajfa u > 2 cMeBaHRKb; n = 0 ;1 ; 2 ; .... .

x>eKtag V = log u . bgðajfa V = V .

K>eKtag W = log V . bgðajfa (W ) CasIVútFrNImaRt

X>KNna W ; V nig u CaGnuKmn_én n .

cMeBaH n = 0 eK)an u = a > 2 Bit 0

]bmafavaBitcMeBaH n = k KW u > 2 Bit k

eyIgnwgRsayfavaBitcMeBaH n = k + 1 KW u > 2 Bit k +1

eday u > 2 enaH log u > 1