Pressed

RMM - Famous Inequalities Marathon 1 - 100
ROM A N IA N MAT HEMAT IC AL MAG AZINE
Founding Editor
DANIEL SITARU
Available online ISSN-L 2501-0099
www.ssmrmh.ro
www.ssmrmh.ro
FAMOUS
INEQUALITIES
MARATHON
1 – 100
www.ssmrmh.ro
Anderson’s inequality, Arkady’s inequality, Arslangic-Milosevic’s inequality

Bager’s inequalities, Bankhoff’s inequality, Barrero’s inequality,
Barrow-Janic’s inequality, Beatty’s inequality, Bencze’s refinements,
Blundon’s inequality, Bottema’s inequality, Bretschneider’s inequality,
Carlitz’s inequality, Child’s inequalities, Chung’s inequality,
Cioplea’s inequality, Cirtoaje’s inequality, Curry’s inequality,
Dinca’s refinement, Dordevic’s inequality, Doucet’s inequality,
Emmerich’s inequality, Erdos’ inequality, Euler’s refinement
Finta’s inequality,Gerasimov’s inequality, Gerretsen’s refinement,
Goldstone’s inequality, Goldner’s inequality, Gotman’s inequality
Groneman’s inequality, Janic’s inequalities, Katsuura’s inequality
Klamkin’s inequalities, Lessel-Pelling’s inequality, Liu’s inequality
Leuenberger-Carlitz’s inequality, Makowski’s inequality
Marghidanu’s refinement, Matic’s inequality, Milne’s inequality
Miloslavlevic’s inequality, Mitrinovic’s inequality, Mongolian inequality
Moser’s inequality, Murty’s inequality, Nabiev’s inequality
Nakajima’s inequality, Othov’s inequality, Pedoe’s inequality,
Rigby’s inequalities, Russian’s inequalities, Schaumberger’s inequality
Seclaman’s inequalities, Stanciu’s generalization, Thebault’s inequality
Thrucht’s inequalities, Tsintsifas inequality, Vasic’s inequality
Walker’s inequalities, Weisstein’s inequality, Wu’s inequality
Baitan's inequality, Banica's inequality, Bodan's inequality
Cerin's inequality, Groenman-Smeenk's identity, Ionescu-Leuenberger's
inequalities, Karamata's inequality, Maftei's inequality, Mitrinovic-Adamovic’s
www.ssmrmh.ro
inequality, Sandovici's inequality, Shan He Wu's inequality, Sondat's identity,

Stanciu's inequality, Szolloszy's inequality, Tepper's identity, Ursarescu's
inequality, Williams-Hardy's inequality, Yang's inequality
Proofs by
Soumava Chakraborty – Kolkata – India, Ravi Prakash-New Delhi-India
Kunihiko Chikaya-Tokyo-Japan, Imad Zak-Saida-Lebanon
Adil Abdullayev – Baku – Azerbaidian ,Marian Dincă – Romania
Nguyen Hung Viet – Hanoi – Vietnam ,Rovsen Pirguliyev – Sumgait –
Azerbaidjian , Myagmarsuren Yadamsuren-Darkhan-Mongolia
Soumitra Mandal-Chandar Nagore-India, Seyran Ibrahimov-Maasilli-
Azerbaidjian, Uche Eliezer Okeke-Anambra-Nigerie
Hamza Mahmood-Lahore-Pakistan, Soumava Pal – Kolkata – India
Rudra Bikash Mandal – Kharagpur – India
Rozeta Atanasova – Skopje, Kevin Soto Palacios – Huarmey – Peru
Pham Quy-Quang Ngai-Viet Nam, Martin Lukarevski-Skopje
Ngo Dinh Tuan-Quang Nam-Da Nang-VietNam, Manish Tayal-India
Nguyen Minh Triet - Quang Ngai – Vietnam,Le Viet Hung –Hai Lang-Vietnam
Mehmet Sahin-Ankara-Turkey, Marian Ursarescu-Romania
Abdilkadir Altintas-Afyonkarashisar-Turkey, Nirapada Pal-Jhargram-India
Dan Radu Seclaman-Romania, Khanh Hung Vu-Ho Chi Minh-Vietnam
Muhammad Alhafi-Aleppo-Syria, Do Huu Duc Thinh-Ho Chi Minh-Vietnam
Serban George Florin-Romania, George Apostolopoulos-Messolonghi-Greece,
Saptak Bhattacharya-Kolkata-India, Thanasis Xenos-Greece
www.ssmrmh.ro
1. In the following relationship holds:

ANDERSON’S INEQUALITY
+ + ≤
Solution 1 by Soumava Chakraborty-Kolkata-India
+ + ≤ ( ) (Anderson’s Inequality)
= , = , =
− − −
( ) ( ) ( )
(1) ⇔ ≤
⇔ ( + + )−( + + )≤ ( )
+ + ( + + )
⇔ ( + + )−( + + )≤
⇔( + + )( + + )− ( + + )≤ ( + + )
⇔ + + + ( + )+ ( + )+ ( + )− ( + + )≤
≤ ( + + )
⇔ + + + ( + + )≥ ( + )+ ( + )+ ( + )
The above is Schur inequality for =
Solution 2 by Kevin Soto Palacios –Huarmey- Peru
Probar en un triángulo : + + ≤
La desigualdad es equivalente:
+ + ≤
⇒ + + ≤
www.ssmrmh.ro
⇒ + + ≤
( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( )
⇒( )( )
+( )( )
+( )( )
≤
+ + + −
( + − )( − + )
⇒ ≤
( + + ) + −
⋅
( + − )
⇒ ≤ → ( + − )≤ ( + + )
( + + )
⇒ + − − ≥ → ( − )( − ) ≥ →
→ (Válido por desgiualdad de Schur)

2. ARKADY’S INEQUALITY – 1
In the following relationship holds:
( − ) ≤ + √ − ( − )
Solution by Soumava Chakraborty – Kolkata – India

Given inequality ⇔
∏( − )
− ≤ ( )+ √ −
⇔( + ) ≤ + √ −
⇔( + ) ≤ + √ −
= + √ − +
⇔ + √ − ≥( + ) = ( + )
www.ssmrmh.ro
⇔ + √ − ≥ ( + ) (1)
of (1) ⏞
≥ ( − ) + √ −
it is sufficient to prove:
( − ) + √ − ≥( + )
⇔ + − √ + √ − ( − )
≥ + + +
⇔ √ − − √ − − − √ ≥
⇔( − ) √ − + − √ ≥
which is true ∵ ≥ (Euler) (Proved)

3. In right triangle , − hypothenuse:
ARSLANGIC – MILOSEVIC’S INEQUALITY
≤ + − √ −
Proof 1 by Soumava Chakraborty-Kolkata-India

In right-angled ∆ , with hypotenuse = , =
= =
≤ + − √ − ⇔ ≤ + − √ −
⇔( )( )≤( )( )+
+( )( )− √ −
⇔ + − ≥√ −
www.ssmrmh.ro
⇔ + − ≥√ − (1)
( + )=
Let, ( ) = + −
( )= − −( (− )+ )
=( − )−( − )
=( − ){ − ( + )}
( )=− − + − (− )
=− − +
when ( ) = , either − = ⇒ = ⇒ =
< < or, + =
⇒ + + =
⇒ + = ⇒ =
But < < , neither = , or = ⇒ + ≠
( )= ⇒ =
when ( )= , ( )=− − + at = , ( ) attains a minima

√ √ √ √
( )≥ = + − ⋅ =√ −
√ √ √ √
+ − ≥√ −
⇒ (1) is proved and hence proved the
≤ + − √ −
www.ssmrmh.ro
Proof 2 by Kunihiko Chikaya-Tokyo-Japan
≤ + − √ − (*)
[ ]= =
(*) ⇔ ≤ + − √ − ⇔ − ≤ − √
( = + )
+ +
< − ≤√ − ⇔ < ≤√
+ + √ √ +
= ≤ =√
√ + √ +
Good Exercise for Quadratic function for Japanese Kids
Let = , = < < , then the given inequality can be
rewritten as ≤ + − √ − .
Let + = ⇒ = , we have ≤ − √ − ⇔
⇔ ( )= − ≤ − √ , which is true, because ( ) < ( ) ≤ √ for
< ≤√
www.ssmrmh.ro
Proof 4 by Imad Zak-Saida-Lebanon
≤ + − √ − (E) ⇔ + ≥ + √ −
upon squaring: + + ≥ + √ − + −√ ( + )
⇔( + ) √ − + −√ ≥
+
but ≤ = then we need to show that
( + ) √ − + −√ ≥ ⇔
( + ) √ − ≥ √ − ⇔
+ ≥ which is obviously true " = " at = , = √

BAGER’S INEQUALITY – 1
+ + ≥
Proof 1 by Adil Abdullayev-Baku-Azerbaidjian

www.ssmrmh.ro
+ +
=
≥ ⇔ + ≥ (Gerretsen)

+ − + − + −
+ + ≥
⇔ + − ≥
⇔ + ≥( + + ) − ( + )( + )( + ) +
⇔ + ≥ − + + +
⇔ + ≥ +
⇔ { ( + )+ ( + )+ ( + )} ≥ +
⇔ { ( − )+ ( − )+ ( − )} ≥ +
⇔ ( + + )≥ +
⇔ { + ( + )} ≥ + ⋅ ( )
( = )
⇔ + ( + )≥ ⇔ + ( + )≥
⇔ ≥ − - true (Gerretsen)
+ + ≥
www.ssmrmh.ro
Proof 1 by Kevin Soto Palacios –Huarmey- Peru
+ + ≥
Es bien conocido que: ( + + )= + +
Por la desigualdad de Cauchy:

( + + ) ∑ + ∑
+ + ≥ ≥
∑ ∑
Tenr en cuenta lo siguioente
+ + + + + ≥
→ + + + + + ≥( + + ) ≥ + + ≥
∑ + ∑ ∑
≥ ≥
∑ ∑
In , + + ≥ (Bager’s Inequality - 1)
+ − + − + −
⇔ + + ≥
⇔ + − ≥
⇔ + ≥( + + ) − ( + )( + )( + ) +
⇔ + ≥ − + + +
⇔ + ≥ +
⇔ { ( + )+ ( + )+ ( + )} ≥ +
⇔ { ( − )+ ( − )+ ( − )} ≥ +
www.ssmrmh.ro
⇔ ( + + )≥ +
⇔ { + ( + )} ≥ + ⋅ ( )
( = )
⇔ + ( + )≥ ⇔ + ( + )≥
⇔ ≥ − – true (Gerretsen)
+ +
=
+ +
≥ ⇔ + ≥
Proof 4 by Marian Dinca-Romania

Let , , be the coordinate complex of the , , , the vertex of triangle ,
+ + +
= − , = − , = −
= | − |, = | − |, =| − |
+ −
− − −
= = =
( − )( − ) ( − )( − ) ( − )( − )
− −
= = =
( − )( − ) − − − ⋅ − − −
Euler identity, use Vandermonde determinant
= ( − )− ( − )+ ( − ) = ( − )( − )( − )
⇒∑ ( )( )
= , we shall obtain for:
www.ssmrmh.ro
{ , , }→ − , − , − the following identity:
−
=
− − − ⋅ − − −
And
+ +
− −
= = ≥
|( − )||( − )| ( − )( − )
+
−
≥ =
( − )( − )
Proof 5 by Hung Nguyen Viet-Hanoi City-Vietnam
By expanding ⃗⋅ ⃗+ ⃗ ≥ with note that

⃗⋅ ⃗= + −
⃗⋅ ⃗= + −
⃗⋅ ⃗= + −
we obtain
+ +
+ + ≥ ( )
+ +
where is any point in the plain. When ≡ , which is the centroid of triangle
, and replacing ( , , ) by ( , , ), then (1) gives us
+ + ≥
From here and since
www.ssmrmh.ro
= , = , = ,
it follows that
+ + ≥
as desired.
In , + + ≥ (Bager’s Inequality – 2)
In , is the centroid.
is a parallelogram.
In , , , are the medians.
In , is the mid-point of and, and is the mid-point of
= =
www.ssmrmh.ro
In quadrilateral , = = and ∥
is a ∥ ⇒ = =
Of course, =
In , sides are = , = , = , and medians are
= , = , =
Bager’s inequality – 1 states that:
+ + ≥
Applying Bager’s inequality – 1 to ,
+ + ≥
⋅ ⋅ ⋅
⇒ + + ≥
⇒ + + ≥

≤ ≤ ≤ ≤
Proof by Adil Abdullayev – Baku – Azerbaidian
≤ ≤ ≤ ≤ .
Lemma 1.
www.ssmrmh.ro
≤ ≤
Lemma 2.
= ⋅ = ( − − )
=( + ) − .
Lemma 3.
= .
≤ ⇒ ≤
≤ ≤ ⇒ ≤ ≤ ⟺
⇔ ≤ ≤ .
≤ ⇔ ≤ + + .
?
⏞
≤ + + ⏞
≤ + + ⇔ ≥ .
BANKHOFF’S INEQUALITY - 2
+ + ≤ +
Proof 1 by Adil Abdullayev-Baku-Azerbaidian
+ +
= ≤ + ⇔ ≤ + − .
www.ssmrmh.ro
⏞
≤ + + ≤ + − ⇔ ≥
Let’s first show that: ≤ − (1)
= , = ⇒ =
(1) ⇔ ≤
( + + )
⇔ ≤ =
( + + + ) ( + + + )
⇔ ≤ ,which is the
Improved Euclidean Isoperimetric Triangle Inequality and (1) is proved.
Now, + + = + +
( + + )
= + + = ( + + )
((∑ +∑ ) + ) ( + + + )
= ⏞
≤
= + ≤ − + using (1)
= − + = +
8. In non – obtuse the following relationship holds:
BARRERO’S INEQUALITY – 1
+ + ≤
Proof by Kevin Soto Palacios – Huarmey – Peru

www.ssmrmh.ro
Probar en un triángulo no obtusángulo:
+ + ≤
Por la desigualdad de Cauchy:
√ +√ +√ + + ≥
≥ + +
AHORA BIEN:
√ +√ +√ ≤ ( + + )≤
+ + √ √
≤ ≤ × =
√ +√ +√ = + + ≤ =
Por transitividad se obtiene:
√
≥ + +
√
⇒ = ≥ + +
9. If , , ∈ ℝ, > 0 then in the following relationship holds:

BARROW – JANIC’S INEQUALITY
+ + ≤ + +
Proof 1 by Kevin Soto Palacios-Huarmey-Peru

Probar en un triángulo :
www.ssmrmh.ro
+ + ≤ + +
De la deisgualdad:
+ + ≥ (− ) ( + + ) ( )
Donde: , , ∈ ℝ, ∈ ℤ.
Sea: = , = , = , =
= , = , =
La desigualdad es equivalente (1)
+ + ≤ + +
Proof 2 by Ravi Prakash-New Delhi-India
+ + ≤ + +
Divide by and write it as

+ + ⋅ ( + + )≥
where = , = , =
=[ −( + )] +
where
= + − −( + )
It is sufficient to show ≥
But
= + − {− ( + )+ }
=( − ) ≥
www.ssmrmh.ro
10. In : + + = , + + =
BEATTY’S INEQUALITY – 1
( − )( − ) ( − )
≤ ≤ , = [ ]
Proof by Soumava Chakraborty – Kolkata – India

In ,∑ = ,∑ = ,
( )( ) ( )
Beatty’s Inequality ⇒ ≤ ≤
= − − , = + +
− = +
− =− + +
( − )( − )
≤
( + )(− + + )
⇔ ≤
⇔− ( + )+( + )( + )− ≤
⇔ ( + )≥ ( + ) (1)
Gerretsen ⇒ ≥ −
of (1) ≥ ( − )( + )
it suffices to show: ( − )( + ) ≥ ( + )
⇔ + − ≥ + +
⇔ ≥ ⇔ ≥ → true (Euler)
( − )( − )
≤
( ) ( )
Again, ≤ ⇔ ≥
www.ssmrmh.ro
⇔ ≤ ⇔√ ≤ + → true (Trucht’s Inequality)

√
( − )
≤

BENCZE’S REFINEMENT FOR IONESCU – WEITZENBOCK’S INEQUALITY
+ + ≥ √ ⋅ ⋅ , , ≥ √ ⋅
Proof by Pirkuliyev Rovsen-Sumgait-Azerbaijan

It is known that
= and = ⇒ = ( + − ) (*)
we have ( − − ) ≥ ⇒
⇒ + + + + + ≥ + − ⇒
⇒ + + + + + ≥
(∗)
≥ ( + − )=
⏞
and ( + + ) ≥ ⇒ + + ≥ √ ⋅ ⇒
⇒ + + ≥ √ ⋅ , ,

BENCZE’S REFINEMENT OF HADWIGER – FINSLER’S INEQUALITY
+
− ≥ −√ ≥ √

+
− ≥ −√ ≥ √
www.ssmrmh.ro
Desde que:
= , = , =
+ + = ( + + )
+
( + + )− ( + + )≥ −√ ≥ √
+
⇒( − )+( − )+( − )+√ ≥
+ + +
⇒ + + +√ ≥ + +
Desigualdad Popoviciu:
Sea una function a partir de un intervalo ⊆ ℝ × ℝ.
Si es covexa, entonces para cualesquiera tres puntos: , , de , se cumple
lo siguiente:
+ + + + +
( )+ ( )+ ( )+ ≥ + +
Desde que:
( )= , ( )= , ( )= , + + =
⇒ + + +√ ≥ + + …(LQQD)
∑ −√ ≥ √ , ∑ ≥√
+ +
+
⏞
≥ = =√

BENCZE’S REFINEMENT OF IONESCU – WEITZENBOCK’S INEQUALITY
+ + ≥ + ( + ) ( − ) + ( − ) ≥ √
www.ssmrmh.ro
Proof 1 by Kevin Soto Palacios – Huarmey – Peru

+ + ≥ + ( + ) ( − ) + ( − ) ≥ √
1) Siendo , , los lados de un triángulo, se cumple lo siguiente:

+ + = , + + = + + ,
+ + = ( − − )
Además:
− = > 0, − = > 0, − = > 0,
+ + =
= ( − )( − ) + ( − )( − ) + ( − )( − )
= − ( + + )+ + + = − +( + + )= ( + )
⇒ = + + = ( + )
2) Ahora bien:
− = − , − = − , − = −
Luego:
+ = , + = , + =
3) El área de un triángulo en función de , , se expresa de la siguiente
manera:
= ( − )( − )( − ) = ( + + )
( + ) +( + ) +( + ) ≥ ( + + )+ ( + + ) ( − ) + ( − )
⇒ + ≥ ( + + )+ ( + + ) − + −
www.ssmrmh.ro
⇒ + − − ≥ ( + + )+ −
⇒ ≥ ( + + )+ −
⇒ ( + + ) ≥ ( + + )→( + + ) ≥ ( + + )
(Lo cual es muy conocido)

La igualdad se alcanza cuando: = = = − = − = − ⇔ = =
Desde que: ∑( − ) ≥ , nos resulta:
( + + )+ ( + + ) ( − ) + ( − ) ≥
≥ √ ( + + ) … (LQQD)
Proof 2 by Myagmarsuren Yadamsuren-Darkhan-Mongolia
+ + ≥
⏟ + ( + ) ( − ) + ( − ) ≥
⏟ √
1) Lemma: √ ≤ + :⇒ √ ⋅ ⋅ ≤ ⋅( + )
⇓

√ ⋅ ≤ ⋅( + )
+ ⋅( + )⋅ ( − ) + ( − ) ≥
≥ √ + √ ⋅ ⋅ ( − ) + ( − ) =
= √ ⋅ + ( − ) = √ + ( − )
: √ + ( − ) ≥ √
www.ssmrmh.ro
14. In ∆ the following relationship holds:

BLUNDON-GERRETSEN’S INEQUALITY
( + )
≤ ≤ + +
( − )
( + )
≤ ≤ + +
( − )
(Blundon – Gerretsen’s Inequality)
( )
Let’s first prove ≤ ( )
Now, ≤ + − + ( − )√ −
(Baric Triangle Inequality → Rouche’s Inequality)
it suffices to prove:
( + )
+ − + ( − ) − ≤
( − )
⇔ ( − )( − + ) ≥ ( − )( − ) −
where =
⇔ ( − ) {( − + ) − ( − ) ( − )} ≥
⇔( − ) ( + + )≥ → true; ≥
( + )
≤
( − )
( )
Now, let’s prove: ( )
≤ + +
⇔ + + ≤ + + −
⇔ − ≥ ⇒ ≥ → true
www.ssmrmh.ro
( + )
≤ + +
( − )
Proof 2 by Soumitra Moukherjee-Chandar Nagore-India
( )
In , ≤ ( )
≤ + +
Lemma.
In any triangle ,
≤ + − + ( − ) ( − )
we need to prove,
( ⋅ + )
+ − + ( − ) ( − )≤
( − )
+
⇔ + ⋅ − + − − ≤
−
( )
⇔ + − + ( − )√ − ≤ ( )
, where = and ≥
⇔ ( + + )≥( − )+( − )− ( − )+
+ ( − ) ⋅ ( − )√ −
⇔ − + − ≥ ( − )( − ) ( − )
⇔( − + − ) ≥ ( − ) ( − )
⇔{ ( − ) −( − + )} ≥ ( − ) ( − )
⇔ ( − ) − ( − ) ⋅( − + )+( − + ) ≥
≥ ( − ) ( − )
⇔ ( − ) { ( − ) − ( − + )− ( − ) }+
+( − + ) ≥
www.ssmrmh.ro
⇔ ( − ) ( − − + )+( − + ) ≥
⇔ ( − ) ( − − + )+( − + ) ≥
which is true
( )
≤ ( )
(proved)
Again, ( + ) ≤( − )( + + )
⇔ + + ≤( − )+( − )+( − )
⇔ − ≥
⇔ ≥ , which is true
( )
≤ ( )
≤ + + (proved)

BLUNDON’S INEQUALITY
≤ + √ −
Proof by Kevin Soto Palacios-Huarmey-Peru
Tener presente lo siguiente en un triángulo:
=
= → =
≤ + √ −
⇒ ≤ + √ − (Blundon’s Inequality)
De la desigualdad de Gerretsen:
≤ + + → + + ≤ + √ −
+ + ≤ + √ − + − √
www.ssmrmh.ro
⇒ √ − + − √ ≥
⇒ ≥ → √ − + − √ ≥ √ − + − √ ≥

BOTTEMA’S INEQUALITY
( − )( − )( − ) ≤
( − )( − )( − ) = ( + − )( + − )( + − )≤ →
inequality cesaro = + , = + , = + →
( + − )( + − )( + − )=
= ≤ ( + )( + )( + ), but ( )≥ ( ) →
→( + + ) ≥ ( )
≤ ⋅ ⇔ ≤ .
Proof 3 by Seyran Ibrahimov-Maasilli-Azerbaidjian
( − )( − )( − ) ≤
≤ ⋅ , ≤
Gerretsen: ≤ + + ≤
+ ≤ , − − ≥
( − ) + ≥ ,( − )( + )≥
> 2 (Euler)
( − )( − )( − ) ≤ (Bottema’s Inequality)
⇔ ( − )( − )( − ) ≤
www.ssmrmh.ro
⇔ ≤ ⇔ ≤ √ = √ ( )
√
⇔ ≤ → true (Mitrinovic)
Proof 5 by Soumitra Moukherjee-Chandar Nagore-India

In , ≥ ( − )( − )( − )
Applying Ravi Transformations
Let be = + , = + and = + ; = + + and − = ,
− = and − =
The inequality changes to
( + ) ≥ ( + + ) ( )
We know
( + )≥
⇒ ( + ) ≥ ≥ ( + + )
( + + ) ≥ ( + + )⇒ ( + ) ≥ ( + + )
from statement (1) is proved

≥ ( − )( − )( − ) (proved)
( − )( − )( − ) ≤
Let be: − = , − = , − = , it follows:
www.ssmrmh.ro
= + , = + , = +
the inequality is equivalent to:
( + + ) ≤ ( + ) ( + ) ( + )
and use Tiberiu Popoviciu inequality for convex function
( )=− , >0
+ + + + +
− − − − ≥− − −
17. In convexe quadrilateral:

BRETSCHNEIDER’S INEQUALITY
⋅ ≥| ⋅ − ⋅ |
Proof 1 by Adil Abdullayev – Baku – Azerbaidian
BRETSCHNEIDER THEOREM ⇒
⇒ ⋅ = ⋅ + ⋅ − ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ( + )=
=( ⋅ − ⋅ ) + ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅( − ( + )) ≥
≥( ⋅ − ⋅ ) ⇒ ⋅ ≥( ⋅ − ⋅ ) ⇒
≥ .
Proof 2 by Marian Dincă – Romania
Demonstration without using Bretschneider’s theorem
Let: , , , the complex coordinate of the points , , , to consider the
following identity:
( − )( − ) = ( − )( − ) − ( − )( − )
( − )( − ) − ( − )( − ) = ( − ) − ( − ) − ( − ) + ( − ) =
= [( − ) − ( − )] − + + − = ( − )+ ( − )=
= ( − )( − )
www.ssmrmh.ro
and use the well – known inequality | − | ≥ | | − | | for any complex numbers
, ∈
Let = ( − )( − ) and = ( − )( − )
|( − )( − )| = |( − )( − ) − ( − )( − )| ≥ |( − )( − )| − |( − )( − )|
or |( − )||( − )| ≥ |( − )||( − )| − |( − )||( − )|

or ⋅ ≥| ⋅ − ⋅ |
CARLITZ INEQUALITY
( ) ≥
√
Solution 1 by Adil Abdullayev-Baku-Azerbadjan
√
( ) ≥ ⇔( ) ≥ ⇔ ≤ ⋅
√ √
LEMMA. ≤ ≤
√
√
≤ ≤ ⋅ = ⋅ .
√ √
Solution 2 by Hamza Mahmood-Lahore-Pakistan
Let ( ) = , ∈( , )
( ) is concave on ( , ). By Jensen’s inequality,
≥ ( ) + ( ) + ( ) where , , are the angles of
⇒ ≥ ( )⇒ ≥
√ √ √
⇒ ≥ ⇒ ≥ ⋅ ⋅ ⇒ ≥
( )
www.ssmrmh.ro
⇒( ) ≥ ⇒( ) ≥
√ √
( )
( ) ≥ ⇔( ) ≥ ⋅ =
√ √ √
⇔ √ ≥ ⇔ ≤ √
Klamkin’s inequality ⇒ ≤ ( + + )≤ √ (Mitrinovic)= √
19. In the following relationsip holds:
CHILD’S INEQUALITY GENERALIZED
+ + ≥ ⋅ , ∈ℕ
Proof by Soumitra Moukherjee - Chandar Nagore – India

Case 1: let the triangle be acute angled triangle.
Let ( ) = for all ∈ , , ʹ( ) = −
ʹʹ ( )= + >
∑
so applying Jensen’s Inequality, ≥ =
≥ ⋅
Case 2: let the triangle be obtused angle triangle
+
= = ≥ ⇒ ≥
+ + −
www.ssmrmh.ro
+ +
≥ ≥ ≥ ⋅

CHILD’S INEQUALITY – 2
+ + ≥

By Jensen:
+ +
+ + ≤ = ( °) =
Now, let go.
= > , = > , = >
the following inequality
( + + ) + + ≥ ↔ + + ≥ ≥ ∙ =
( + + )
+ + ≥
⏞
≥ ⋅ = ⋅ ⏞
≥ ⋅√ =
Proof 3 by Soumava Pal – Kolkata – India

www.ssmrmh.ro
Required to prove: In + + ≥
We know that ( ) is a convex function when ∈ , . Here , , lie in the
interval , .
So, we can apply Jensen inequality to ( ) on that interval and get,
+ + + +
≥ = =
+ + ≥
Proof 4 by Rudra Bikash Mandal – Kharagpur – India
+ +
≥
+ +
⇒ + + ≥
+ +
Now ≤
≥
+ +
+ + ≥ ≥ ⋅ =
+ +
Proof 5 by Rozeta Atanasova – Skopje

www.ssmrmh.ro
= + + ⏞
≥
⋅ = = = =
+ +

CHILD’S INEQUALITY – 3
+ + ≥
Proof 1 by Pham Quy-Quang Ngai-Viet Nam

We have:
− +
⋅ ⋅ = −
= − ⋅ (since = )
− +
≤ − ⋅ ⏞
≤ ⋅ =
⏞
≥ ≥ =
⋅ ⋅
Proof 2 by Seyran Ibrahimov – Maasilli – Azerbaidjan
+ + ⏞
≥
⋅ ⋅ ⋅
≥ = ≥
⋅ ⋅
www.ssmrmh.ro
Proof 3 by Soumava Pal-Kolkata-India
+ + ≥
⋅
= ≥ ⋅ =
⇒ + + ≥ √ =

CHILD’S INEQUALITY-4
+ + ≤

+ + ≤
Sea: = , = , =
De la siguiente desigualdad:
+ + ≥ + +√
www.ssmrmh.ro
+ + ≤ + + ≤
+ + ≤ (Child)
⏞
≤ = ⏞
≤ =

+ + ≤
Por: ≥
≤( , ) +( , )
≤( , ) +( , )
≤( , ) +( , )
+ + ≤ + + ≤
23. If ≥ ≥ ≥ , , , ∈ ℝ,
≤ , + ≤ + , + + ≤ + + then
www.ssmrmh.ro
CHUNG’S INEQUALITY
+ + ≤ + +
Proof 1 by Ravi Prakash - New Delhi – India
≥ ≥ ≥ , , , ∈ ℝ.
≤ , + ≤ + , + + ≤ + +
+ + =
= + ( + − )+ ( + + − − )=
= ( − )+( + )( − )+ ( + + )≤
≤ ( − )+( + )( − )+( + + ) =
= + ( + − )+ ( + + − − )=
= + + ≤ + + + +
[CS inequality]
⇒ + + ≤ + +
+ + ≤ + +
≥ ≥ ≥ , , , ∈ℝ
≤ , + ≤ + , + + ≤ + +
result: + + ≤ + +
let | |= ≥ , = , , because: ≤ | |, for any ∈
result:
≤ ≤| |= , + ≤ + ≤| |+| |= +
+ + ≤ + + ≤| |+| |+| |= + +
the function ( ) = , ≥ , is convex and increasing
www.ssmrmh.ro
imply: ʹ ( ) ≥ ʹ( ) ≥ ʹ( )≥
result: ( ) − ( )≥( − ) ʹ( )
( )− ( )≥ ( − ) ʹ( )=
where: = − , = ʹ( ) and: ≥ , + ≥ , + + ≥
and: ≥ ≥ ≥ , use Abel identity or inequality
= ( − )+( + )( − )+( + + )⋅ ≥
we obtain: + + ≥ + + , or =| | =
we shall obtain:

CIOPLEA’S INEQUALITY – 1
√ +√ +√ + + ≤
√ √ √
√ +√ +√ + + ≤
√ √ √
1) Tener en cuenta las siguientes desigualdades en un triángulo que han
sido demostradas anteriormente:
≥ + , ≥ + , ≥ + , ≥
www.ssmrmh.ro
⇒ + + + + + + ≤ … (A)
Es suficiente probar que:
+ ≥ + → + − + − =
= + − + + ≥
Siendo esto ultimo verdadero ya que: + ≥ →
→ (Válido por: MA ≥ MG)

Por la tanto tenemos en … (A)
⇒ + + + + + + ≤
≤ + + + + + + ≤ + ≤ + = … (LQQD)
Proof 2 by Myagmarsuren Yadamsuren-Darkhan -Mongolia
= √ +√ +√ + + ≤
√ √ √
⋅√ + ⋅√ + ⋅√ ≤ ( + + )( + + )
⋅√ + ⋅√ + ⋅√ ≤ ( + + ) + +
≤ ⋅ ( + + ) + +
www.ssmrmh.ro
+ + ⋅ + ⋅ + ⋅
= =
1. + + =
2. + + = ⋅ ⋅ + ⋅ ⋅ + ⋅ ⋅ =
+ + + ⋅ +
= + + = =
⋅ ⋅
+ ⋅ + + ⋅ +
≤ ⋅ ⋅ = ⋅ ≤
⋅
+ ⋅ + ⋅( + )
≤ ⋅ = = ⋅( + )⋅ ≤
⋅ ⋅ ⋅
≤ ⋅ + ⋅ =
( )⋅
Proof 3 by Soumava Chakraborty – Kolkata – India
= √ +√ +√ √ + + =
√ √ √ √
= + + + + + + =
+ + + − − −
= + + + = + + +
√ √ √ √ √ √
= + + + − + + (A)
√ √ √ √ √ √
Now, + + ≤ + + (1)
√ √ √
www.ssmrmh.ro
Again, + + ≥ =
√ √ √
⇒− + + ≤− (2)
√ √ √
≤ + + + − (using (A), (1) (2) )
≤ = =
≤ ⇔ √ +√ +√ + + ≤ ⇔
√ √ √
⇔ ≔ √ +√ +√ + + ≤
√ √ √
≤ ( + + ) + + ≤ ⇔
+ +
⋅ ≤ ⇔ ≤ − −
≤ + + ≤ − − ⇔ − ( + ) ≥
≔ ⇒ ≥ . − ( + ) ≥ ⇔ ( − )( + + )≥ ⇔
www.ssmrmh.ro
Proof 5 by Martin Lukarevski-Skopje
25. In , ≠ ≠ ≠ :
CÎRTOAJE’S INEQUALITY
+ + >√ −
− − −
Proof by Seyran Ibrahimov-Maasilli-Azerbaidjian
≠ ≠
+ + > √ − , | − | < ,| − | < , | − | <
+ + > + + = + + ≥ >√ −
− − −
CURRY’S INEQUALITY
√ ≤
+ +
www.ssmrmh.ro
Proof by Ngo Dinh Tuan-Quang Nam-Da Nang-VietNam
According to Heron Formula: = ( − )( − )( − )
⇒ = ( + + )( + − )( + − )( + − )
We have inequality ( + + )( + − )( + − )( + − )≤ √
⇔ ≥ ( + + )( + − )( + − )( + − )
+ − = + + = + +
Let + − = ⇒
= , = , =
+ − =
Need to prove that: ( + ) ( + ) ( + ) ≥ ( + + )
Because: ( + + )( + + ) ≤ ( + )( + )( + )
⇒ ≥ ( + + )( + + )( + + ) ≥ ( + + ) ( ) =
27. DINCA’S REFINEMENT FOR NESBITT’S INEQUALITY

If , , > 0 then:
( + + ) ( + + )
+ + ≥ ≥ ≥
+ + + ( + + ) ( + + )
Proof by Soumitra Mandal - Chandar Nagore – India
( )
∑ =∑ ≥ [Applying Bergstrom’s Ineq]
( )
( ) ∑
we will prove, ( )
≥ ( )
( )
⇒ ≥ where = + + and = + +
⇒ ≥ ( − )⇒ − − ( − )≥
⇒( − )( + − )≥
www.ssmrmh.ro
⇒( − ) ( + ) ≥ , which is true
again,
∑
≥ ⇒ ≥
∑
so,
∑ ∑
≥ ≥ ≥
+ ∑ ∑

DORDEVIC’S INEQUALITY
+ + ≤
Solution 1 by Manish Tayal-India
In :
∏
≤ ⇒ ≤
= ≤ = ≤
= + + ≤ + +
∑
⇒ ≤ ⇒ ≤ = ≤
Solution 2 by Adil Abdullayev-Baku-Azerbaidian

+ + ≤ ⇔ ( + + )≤ ⇔
⇔ ⋅ ≤ ⇔ ≤

www.ssmrmh.ro
+ + = ≤ = (Klamkin’s inequality)

DOUCET’S INEQUALITY
( + )≤ ≤( + )
( + )≤ ≤( + )
De la desigualdad de Gerretsen:
≤ + + → ≤ + + ≤ + +
⇒ − − ≥→ ( − )( + ) ≥ ⇔ ≥ (Inequality Euler)
≥ − → ≥ − ≥ +
⇒ ≥ → ≥ (Inequality Euler)
Proof 2 by Adil Abdullayev – Baku – Azerbaijan
( + )≤ ≤( + )
( + )≤ ⇔ ⋅ ⋅( + + )≤ ⇔
⇔ ( + + )≤( + + ) ⇔
⇔ ( + + ) ≤( + + ) .
≤( + ) ⇔ ( + + )≤( + + ) .
−( + ) + − = ⇔
= , = , = .
ROLLE THEOREM ⇒ − ( + ) + =
≥ ⇔ ( + ) − ≥ ⇔ ≤( + ) .
− + + ( + ) − = ⇔
www.ssmrmh.ro
= , = , = .
ROLLE THEOREM ⇒ − + + ( + )=
≥ ⇔ − + ( + ) ≥ ⇔ ≥ ( + )
Proof 3 by Soumitra Mandal - Chandar Nagore – India

The equation of the sides of the triangle.
− +( + + ) − =
whose roots are the sides of the triangle.
∑ = ,∑ = + + and =
The roots are real the derivative polynomial.
− + + + = , has only real roots.
(− ) − ⋅ ⋅( + + )≥ ⇒ − ( + + )≥
⇒ − ( + + )≥ ⇒ ≥ ( + ) (1)
Again, equation for ex-radii of the triangle
−( + ) + − = whose roots are , and .
= + , = = .
The roots are real, the derivative polynomial

− ( + ) + = , has only real roots.
( + ) − ⋅ ⋅ ≥ ⇒( + ) ≥ (2)
From relations (1) and (2), we have
( + )≤ ≤( + )
30. In right angle :
EMMERICH’S INEQUALITY
www.ssmrmh.ro
≥ +√
: radius of incircle, : radius of circumcirle

+ −
= ⋅ =
= ≥ ⇐ + =
+ − √ √ + −
= = +√
√ −
Proof 2 by Manish Tayal-India
∘
Without lose of generality say: ∢ = ⇒ + =
Also + ≥ ⇒ ≥
⇒ ≥√ ⇒ ≥√ ⇒ ( + )≥ √
+ ≥ √
Now
= , = ⇒ = ( )( )
, = , =
( + + ) + ( + ) ( + )
⇒ = ⇒ = = +
⋅ ⋅
www.ssmrmh.ro
≥ +√
Proof 3 by Adil Abdullayev-Baku-Azerbaidjan
≥ +√ ⇔ ≥ +√ ⇔ + ≤√ ⋅ ⇔
+ −
⇔( + ) ≤ = ( + )⇔( + ) ≤ ( + )
= = , = , + =
use the well – known inequality:

+
⋅ ≤ , , ∈[ , ]
√
+ − − −√
≤ = = = =
≥ = =√ +
√ −√ √ −
⋅
Proof 5 by Seyran Ibrahimov-Maasilli-Azerbaidjian
+ = °⇒ =
www.ssmrmh.ro
= , = = , ≥ +√
≥ + − +√ , ≥ ( + − ) +√
√ − ≥ + – , + ≤√ , ≤
31. In acuteangled :
ERDOS’ INEQUALITY
+ ≤ ( , , )
Proof by Soumitra Mandal-Chandar Nagore-India
+ ≤ { , , }= , , =
{ , , }
⇔ { , , }( + ) ≤ ( )
Now, + = ∑ = + + , where
, and are the mid – points of , and respectively and is the
circumcentre.
Now, we have,
{ , , }( + ) ≤ ⋅ + ⋅ + ⋅
= (area of ) + (area of )+(area of )= .
+ ≤ ( , , )
www.ssmrmh.ro

FINTA’S INEQUALITY
+ +
≤ <
+ +
Proof by Soumava Pal – Kolkata – India

Without loss of generality:
≥ ≥ (1)
⇒ ≥ ≥
⇒ ≥ ≥ ⇒ ≥ ≥ (2)
( , , ∈ , and is increasing in , )
Applying Chebyshev’s Inequality in (1) and (2)
∑ ∑
≥ ⇒ ≥ =
∑
+ > , + >
+ >
⇒( + ) >
>
⇒( + + ) > ⇒ >
⇒ > ⇒ >
Similarly: s > , > ⇒

www.ssmrmh.ro
∑
⇒ > ⇒ >
∑

GERASIMOV’S INEQUALITY
+ + + ≥
+∑ ≥ (Gerasimov’s Inequality)
⇔ +( + ) − ≥
⇔ ≤ + +
Now, ≤ + + (Gerretsen)
It suffices to show + + ≤ + +
⇔ ≤ ⇔ ≤ → true (Euler)
Proof 2 by Adil Abdullayev-Baku -Azerbadian
+ + + = −( + + )≥ ⇔
⇔ + + ≤ . Leybinis.
Proof 3 by Kevin Soto Palacios – Peru
+ + =( + ) − , ≤ + +
+ + + = +( + ) − ≥
≥ + + + − − −
+ + + ≥ − ≥ → ≥
GOLDNER’S INEQUALITY – 1
+ + ≥ , =[ ] − area
www.ssmrmh.ro
Proof 1 by Adil Abdullayev – Baku – Azerbaidjian
≥( )( )+( )( )+( )( )= ⏞
≥ ⇔ ≥
+ + ≥ ... (A)
Tener en cuenta lo siguiente:
= ( + + )( + − )( + − )( + − )
⇒ = ( + + )( + − )( + − ) −( − )
⇒ = (( + ) − )( −( − ) )
⇒ = (( + ) + ( − ) ) − −( − )
⇒ = ( + )+ − − −
Reemplazando en … (A):
+ + ≥− − − + + +
⇒≥ + + ≥ + + ⇔( − ) +( − ) +( − ) ≥
Proof 3 by Seyran Ibrahimov – Maasilli – Azerbaidjian
+ ≥
+ ≥ ⇒ ( + + )≥ ( )
+ ≥
⋅
( + + )≥ , ( + + )≥ , ≥ , ≥ (Euler)

= , = , = , =
Si: + + = ⇔ + + =
+ + ≥
www.ssmrmh.ro
≥
⇒ + + ≥
⇒ + + ≥
⇒( + )+( + )+( + )≥
⇒ + + ≥ →
→ + + + ( + + )≥
⇒( + + ) ≥ ⇔ + + ≥ √ … (Válido en un
triángulo )
Proof 5 by Marian Dinca – Romania
Let: = + , = + , = + , , , ∈ℝ
= ( + − )= ( + ) = ( + + )
= ( + )( + ) = ( + + + )=
= + ( + + )≥ ( + + )⇔
≥ ⇔ ( − ) ≥

GOTMAN’S INEQUALITY
≤ + + ≤ + + ≤ + ≤
≤ +
Lemma
www.ssmrmh.ro
≤ − √ −
≤ − √ − ⏞
≤ + √ − − √ − =
= + .
( + + ) + + ≥ ⇔( + + )⋅ ≥ ⇔
⇔ + + ≥ .
( + + ) = + ≤ + + =
= − − ⏞
≤ + + − − =
= + + =( + ) − ( − ⏞ (
) ≤ + ) .
+ ⏞
≤
2. + ≤ → Usar: ≤
+ + ≤ + ≤ + ≤
3. + + ≥ + +
Por desigualdad de Tereshin (Ya demonstrado anteriormente)
≥ +
www.ssmrmh.ro
+
+ +
≥ = = ≥ → ≥
Por la tanto: ∑ ≥∑
4) + + ≥
Desde que: = + + → Por la desigualdad de Cauchy:
= + + ≥ → ≥ → + + ≥
+ + + +
Por la cual utilizaremos los siguientes desigualdades para y algunas identidades
para su desarrollo:
( + + )≤ + + + (A) → (Esto ya se
demostro)
≤ + + (B) → (Esto ya se demostro)
= = → =
De: + + ≤ + (Elevando al cuadrado la expresión)

+ +
+ + + ( + + )≤ ( + + )+ + + +
( + + ) ≤ (M)
Si: = ⇔ = ( − )( − )( − ) → ( − )( − )( − ) =
− ( + + )+ ( + + )− = → + + = + = + +
Por la tanto: + + = + + (C) ∧ = + + (D)

+ + =( + + ) − ( + + )= ( − − ) (E)
www.ssmrmh.ro
⇒ (M): →
+ + + + +
→( + + ) ≤ = − −
Utilizando la desigualdad de Gerretsen:

≤ + + (F)
− − ≤ + +
Utilizando la desigualdad de Euler ≥ :
+ + ≤ + + =( + ) (G)
( + + ) ≤ − − ≤ + + ≤( + )
Por la tanto:
( + + ) ≤( + ) ⇔ + + ≤ +
GRONEMAN’S INEQUALITY
( + )
≥
+
Solution by Kevin Soto Palacios –Huarmey- Peru
→ Tener presentre que la dseigualdad de Gerretsen: ≥ −
De la desigualdad, lo reempazamos:
( )
≥ , por transitividad: ( − )( + ) ≥ + +
+ − ≥ + + → ≥ → ≥ (Des. Euler)
JANIC’S INEQUALITY – 1
( + + )≥ ( + + )
www.ssmrmh.ro
( + + )≥ ( + + )
+ + + +
≥ ⇔ ≥ ⇔
⇔ ≥ …( )
≤ ⇔ ≥ ⇒( )⇔ ≥
38. , , ∈ ℝ, ∈ ℤ. In :
KLAMKIN’S INEQUALITY
+ + ≥ (− ) ( ( )+ ( )+ ( ))
Solution 1 by Kevin Soto Palacios-Huarmey-Peru
+ + ≥ (− ) ( ( )+ ( )+ ( ))
Se puede reeescribir la ecuación como:
+ (− ) ( + )+ + + (− ) ≥
Compleatando cuadrados conveniemente:
+ (− ) ( + ) + + + (− ) ≥
≥( + )
+ (− ) ( + ) + + + (− ) ≥
≥ + +
Desde que: + (− ) ( + ) ≥
Por la cual falta probar que:
+ + (− ) ≥ + +
+ + ((− ) − ) ≥ ( )
1) Si: = → ( + + )= → ( )= ( + )= −
www.ssmrmh.ro
1) en ( ) → + − ( ) ( )≥
⇒( ( )− ( ))^ ≥
2) Si: = + → ( + + )= ( + )
Por lo tanto:
( )=− ( + )=− + ( ) ( )
2) en ( ) → + − ( ) ( )≥
⇒( ( )− ( )) ≥
La igualdad se alcanza cuando: ( )
= ( )
POR LA SIMETRIA se llega a que:
= =
( ) ( ) ( )
Solution 2 by Soumitra Mandal - Chandar Nagore – India
Case I: When is an even number i.e. =
+ + ≥ (− ) ( + + )
⇔ + + ≥− − −
⇔ + ( + )+( + ) +
+ + + ≥( + )
⇔( + + ) + + + ≥
≥ ( − )+ ( − )+
⇔( + + ) + + +
+ { ( − − )− }≥
⇔( + + ) +( − ) ≥
which is true
Case II: Let be an odd integer i.e. = +
+ + ≥ (− ) ( + + )
www.ssmrmh.ro
⇔ + + ≥
⇔ − ( + )+( + )
+ + + ≥( + )
⇔( − − ) + + +
≥ ( − )+ ( − )+
⇔( − − ) +( − ) ≥
which is true
Considering Case I and Case II,
+ + ≥ (− ) ( + + )
proved
KLAMKIN’S INEQUALITY – 4
≤ + √ −
Lemma.
> > >
olarsa, onda
+ + =
( − )( − )( − ) ≤ √ − olar.
Isbati: < + + = ⇒ < . Analoji
< ve < olar. Buradan alinir ki
ve - den en coxu biri - den boyuk olmaya biler.
Bu halda berabersizlik dogrudur. > > > .
halina baxaq. = − = − ve = − olsun.
www.ssmrmh.ro
= ( + )( + )( + ) ⇔
⇔ + + = + + + + + + + ⇔
⇔ + + + = + + + + = + + ⇔
⇔ = + + + ≥ + ⋅ ( ) ⇔ ≥ + ⋅ ( )
√ = olsun. + − ≤ ⇔( + ) +√ + + −√ ≤ ⇔
⇔ ≤√ − ⇔ ≤ √ − ⇔ ( − )( − )( − ) ≤ √ − .
Lemma:
Let > > > ∧ + + = .
( − )( − )( − ) ≤ √ − .
Let = = = ⇒ + = = = .
− − − ⏞
≤ √ − ⇔ ≤ + √ −

En un triángulo : Probar que:
≤ + √ −
Elevando al cuadrado la expresión:
≤( ) + √ − + ( ) √ −
Utilizando la desigualdad de Gerretsen:
≤ + + ≤ + − √ + √ −
Solo es suficiente probar:
+ + ≤ + − √ + √ −
⇒( − )+ √ − √ ≥ ⇔
www.ssmrmh.ro
⇔− ( − )+ √ ( − )=( − ) √ −
Siendo: √ − ≥ √ − >
Quenda demostrado que: ( − ) √ − ≥ ⇔ (Desigualdad de Euler)
√ > √ = × = > =
√ − >
⇒( − ) √ − ≥ ( ≥ by Euler)
⇒ √ − √ + − ≥
⇒ − √ − + √ − − ≥
⇒ − √ + √ − ≥ +
⇒ + − √ + √ − ≥ + + ≥
(Gerretsen)
⇒ + √ − ≥
⇒ + √ − ≥
≤ + − + ( − ) −
(Basic Triangle Inequality)
≤ + √ −
⇔ ≤ + √ − + √ −
it suffices to show that:
+ − + ( − ) − ≤ + √ − + √ −
www.ssmrmh.ro
⇔ ( − ) − ≤ + √ − + + √ −
⇔( − ) − ≤ + − √ + √ −
=( − − )+ − √ + √ −
= ( + )( − )+ −√ − −√
= ( + )( − )− −√ ( − )
=( − ) + − −√
⇔( − ) ( − )≤( − ) + − −√
⇔( − ) ( − )≤( − ) + + + − √ − −√ ( + )
⇔( − ) + + − √ − −√ ( + ) ≥
⇔ ( − ) + − √ − − √ ( + ) + ≥
⇔ ( − ) − − √ − − √ + − √ + ≥
⇔ ( − ) √ − + − √ + ≥
Using ≥ √ − + − √ ≥ − √ >
> √
√ − + − √ + >
⇒ ( − ) √ − + − √ + ≥
( ≥ → Euler)
KLAMKIN’S INEQUALITY
+ ≥
Proof by Adil Abdullayev-Baku-Azerbadjan
Gerretsen berabersizliyi:
www.ssmrmh.ro
≥ −
Proof 1
= −
= − ⇒ + + = ⇒
= −
⋅ + ⋅ + ⋅ ≤ ⇔ ≥ − .
Proof 2
+ −
= ≥ ⇔ ≥ −

LESSEL-PELLING’S INEQUALITY
+ + ≤ √ , −
Probar en un triángulo : + + ≤ √
Tener presente lo siguiente:
≤ ( − ), ≤ ( − )
( − )+ ( − )+ ≤ √
( − )+ ( − ) ≤ ( − )+ ( − ) ( + )
( − )+ ( − ) ≤ + ( − − ) ( )
+ + − −
( − )+ ( − ) ≤ −
( )( ) ( )( )
Pero: ≥ ,− ≤
www.ssmrmh.ro
( − )+ ( − ) ≤( − )→
→ ( − )+ ( − )≤ −
( − )+ ( − )+ ≤ − +
Demostraremos que:
− + ≤ √ → − ≤√ − ⇔√ >
Elevando al cuadrado la expresión:
− ≤ √ − → − ≤ + − √ →
→ − √ + ≥ → −√ ≥
Proof 2 (detalied) by Kevin Soto Palacios-Huarmey-Peru
Probar en un triángulo : + + ≤ √
Recordar lo siguiente en un triángulo :
( − ) √
= → = = ( − )≤ ( − )
+ + +
Por la tanto, si ≤ ( − ), ≤ ( − )
A continuación demostraremos que:
( − )+ ( − )≤ ( − )
Elevando al cuadrado la expresión se tiene:
( − )+ ( − )+ ( − )( − ) ≤ − →
→ ( + )− ≥ ( − )( − )
Elevando al cuadrado la expresión nuevamente:
+ − + −
⇒( ( + )− ) ≥ →
www.ssmrmh.ro
→( ( + )− )≥ ( −( − ) )
⇒ ( − ) +( ( + )− ) − ≥ →
→ ( − ) +( ( + )+ − )( ( + ) − − )≥
⇒ De: ( − ) +( ( + )+ − )( ( + ) − − )≥
+ + + − + −
⇒ ( − ) +( − ) − ≥
⇒ ( − ) +( − )(( + ) − − )≥
⇒ ( − ) −( − )( − ) ≥ → ( − ) ≥ (Lo cual es cierto)
Por la tanto:
+ + ≤ ( − )+ ( − )+ ≤ ( − )+ ≤ √
⇒ ( − )≤ √ − → − ≤ − √ +
⇒ − √ + ≥ → −√ ≥
LEUENBERGER-CARLITZ’S INEQUALITY
( + )≤ ≤ ( + ) +
Proof by Kevin Soto Palacios – Huarmey-Peru
( + )≤ ≤ ( + ) +
1. ≤ ( + ) +
De la desigualdad Gerretsen: ≤ + +
≤ + + ≤ ( + + )+
→ + + ≤ + + ⇔ ≥ → ≥ (Desigualdad de Euler)
2. ( + )≤
Por último, desde que:
www.ssmrmh.ro
≥ − → ≥ − ≥ + ⇔ ≥ → ≥
(Desigualdad de Euler)
LEUENBERGER’S INEQUALITY
≤ + + ≤
Proof by Soumava Chakraborty-Kolkata-India
≤ + + ≤ (Leuenberger’s Inequality)
AM-HM ⇒ + + ≥ = =
∑
≥ ≥ ⇒ ≥ ⇒ ≤ =
≤ ≤
44. In acute – angled the following relationship holds:

LIU’S INEQUALITY
( − )≤
Solution 1 by Soumava Chakraborty – Kolkata – India
≤ ( + )⇒ ≥ ; ( + > )
( + )
≥ = =
( + ) ( + ) +
( − )− ( + ) ( − )+
= =
+ +
It suffices to show:
www.ssmrmh.ro
( − )+
≥ ( − )
+
⇔ ( − )+ ≥ ( − )+ ( − )
⇔ ( − ( − )) ≥ ⇔ − ( − )≥
( > , as is acute – angled)
⇔ ( − ) ≤ , which is true, equality when = , that is when =
(Proved)
Solution 2 by Soumava Pal – Kolkata – India
Without loss of generality

∠ >∠ , → median, → altitude
is a point on , sucht that ∠ =∠ − ∠ ⇒ ∠ =∠ ⇒ =
Also midpoint of in isosceles .
⊥ ( ⊥ )⇒ ∥ (1)
= ∠ = ∠ (∠ =∠ From (1))
Drow circumcircle of . Now ∠ is acute, so with lie outside the circle,

since is diameter of the circle (∠ = °).
www.ssmrmh.ro
Let the circle intersect at . Since ∠ is acute, lies between and .
is cyclic ⇒ ∠ =∠ =∠ ⇒ ∠ = ∠ =
Now ∠ <∠ = −
⇒ ∠ > ( − )⇒ > ( − ). Equality holds if ∠ = ∠

MAKOWSKI’S INEQUALITY – 2
≤ ≤
Proof 1 by Kevin Soto Palacios – Huarmey-Peru

= = ∧ ≥ √
1. ≤ → ≤ →
2.
√
→ ( ) ≤ → ≤
2. ≤ → = ≥ √ → ≥ √ → ≥ →
≤ → ≤
In , ≤ ≤ (Makowski’s inequality)
www.ssmrmh.ro
≥ ⇔ ≥ ⇔ ≤
√
Isoperimetric inequality ⇒ ≤ ( + + )
√ √ √
⇒ ≤ ( )= ⇒ ≤ ⇒ ≤
√ ⋅
≤ → = ⋅ = (Proof)
≤ ⇔ ≤ ⇔ ≤ ⇔ ≥
≥ − (Gerretsen) it suffices to prove − ≥

⇔ ≥ ⇔ ≥ , which is true
(Proof of 2)
46. Refinement of Dorin Marghidanu’s lemmas
By Marian Dincă-Romania
Lemmas and it’s refinement:
Let ∈ ( , ), ∈( , )
≥ >
+ − +
Proof:
Use reverse Bernoulli inequality:
( − ) ≤ − , ∈ ( , ), ∈( , )
The reverse Bernoulli inequality is equivalent Bernoulli inequality:
( − ) ≥ − , for ≥ and ∈( , )
www.ssmrmh.ro
Let = ≥ and = ∈( , )
We obtain: ( − ) ≥ −( )⋅ = −
( − ) ≥ − ⇔ − ≥( − )
Proof Lemma:
Let = − , = − , , ∈( , )
− −
=( − ) = ≥ = =
( − ) − − ( − )( − )
= =
− + + − + −
MATIC’S INEQUALITY
+ + ≥ ⋅ , ∈ ℕ∗
+ + +
Proof by Hung Nguyen Viet-Hanoi City-Vietnam
Without loss of generality we can assume that ≥ ≥ . This implies
≥ ≥
+ + +
Hence according to Chebyshev’s inequality and using some known familiar
inequalities, we have
+ + ≥ ( + + ) + +
+ + + + + +
+ +
≥ ( + + )⋅ ≥ ⋅
( + + ) ( + + )
= ⋅ = ⋅
www.ssmrmh.ro
48. MILNE’S – INEQUALITY
( + + + ) + ≤( + )( + )
+ +
( + + + + + ) + + ≤
+ + +
≤( + + )⋅( + + )
( + ) ≤ , ∈ , ; ≥ , > 0; >0
+
Proof by Nguyen Hung Viet – Hanoi – Vietnam

By Cauchy – Schwarz inequality we have
= − + = −
+ + +
(
+ ⋯+ ) ( + ⋯ + )( + ⋯ + )
≤ − = .
( + ⋯+ ) + ( + ⋯+ ) ( + ⋯+ ) + ( + ⋯+ )
This completes the proof.

MILOSLAVLJEVIC’S INEQUALITY
≤ + + ≤
Proof 1 by Kevin Soto Palacios – Huarmey-Peru
≤ + + ≤
+ + ≤( + + ) + +
+ + ≤( )
www.ssmrmh.ro
+ + ≤
≤ → ≤
≤ ∏ ∑ , ≤∑ → Por ≥
≥ = ⇔ ≥ √
+ + ≥ √ ( ≥ )
( − ) ( − ) ( − )
= √
= √ ( − )( − )( − ) = √
= √ it suffices to show √ ≥ ⇔ ≥ ⇔ ≥
Now, ≥ − (Gerretsen)
It suffices to prove − ≥ ⇔ ≥ (true)
+ + ≥ , Also, + +
⏞
≤ + + ≤ =
Proof 3 by Rozeta Atanasova-Skopje
+ + ≤( ) ∗ ∗ =
www.ssmrmh.ro
( + + ) + + ≤
√
( × )≤ ∗ ∗ = =
≤ + +
+ + +
= + +
= ( + )+ ( + )+ ( + )
+ − + − + −
= + +
− − −
= + +
≤ + +
50. … , ≥ polygon circumscribed to a circle of radius
= , = , ∈ ,
MITRINOVIC’S GENERALIZED INEQUALITY
≥ , = semiperimeter
Proof by Soumitra Mandal - Chandar Nagore – India

LEMMA: If … ( ≥ ) is a convex polygon, is point inside the polygon
then:
≥
www.ssmrmh.ro
Proof:
= .
Using Radon’s Inequality
∑
≥ ≥ =
∑
hence,
≥ ⇒ ≥ ⇒ ≥
51. MONGOLIAN INEQUALITY

If , , ∈ ( , ∞) then:
+ + ( + )( + )( + )
≥

+ + ≥ √ (by AM-GM inequality)
+ +
⇒ ≥
Putting = + , = + , = + , we get,
+ +
≥ ( + )( + )( + )
+ + ( + )( + )( + )
≥
Proof 2 by Soumitra Mandal - Kolkata – India

www.ssmrmh.ro
+
∑ ( + )( + )( + ) + + ( + )( + )( + )
≥ ⇒ ≥
Proof 3 by Seyran Ibrahimov – Maasilli – Azerbaidjian
+ = , + = , + = , ≥ (to prove)
+ + √ ∙
≥ = =
⋅ ⋅
MOSER’S INEQUALITY
+ + ≥ +
Proof 1 by Adil Abdullayev-Baku-Azerbadjan
+ + ≥ + ⇔
⇔ ( − − )≥ + ⇔ ≥ + .
Gerretsen ⇒ ≥ − ⇔ ≥ − .
− ≥ + ⇔ ≥ .
( + + )≥ + ( + + )
( + + )
⇒ ( + + )( + + )≥ + ( + + )
⇒( + + )( ( + + )− ( + + ) )≥
⇒( + + ) ( + + )− ( + + ) ≥
⇒ Usaremos: + + ≥ + +
www.ssmrmh.ro
⇒( + + )( + + )≥ → (Válido por: ≥ )
⇒ + + ≥ √ , + + ≥
NABIEV’S INEQUALITY
≤ + +
Proof 1 by Adil Abdullayev – Baku – Azerbadjan
≤ ⋅ ⇔ ≥ ⇔ ≥ .
Gerretsen ⇒ ≥ − ⇔ ⇔ − ⋅ ≥ − = .
Recordar lo siguiente:
= , = , = =
+ + + +
≤ → ≤
( ) ( )
Por: ≥
+ +
+ + ≥ √ , ≥ →
+ +
→ ≤
( )

www.ssmrmh.ro
≤ + +
+ +
= = √ ⏞
≤ = + + =

NAKAJIMA’S INEQUALITY
+ + ≤ +
√
Proof 1by Kevin Soto Palacios – Huarmey-Peru
⇒ ( + + − )≤
√
Es bien conocido que:
+ + − =
⇒ ≤
√
⇒ ≥ √ → (Válido en un triángulo acutángulo )
Proof 2 by Soumitra Mandal-Chandar Nagore-India
( + + ) − ( + + )≤ +
√
⇔ − − − ≤ +
√
⇔ ≤ + + + ⇔ ≤ + + +
√ √
We need to prove, ≤ + + ≤ + + +
√
www.ssmrmh.ro
⇔ ≤ ⇔ √ ≤ ⇔ √ ≤ , where = .
√
⇔ √ ≤ ⇔ √ ≤ + + , which is true.
+ + ≤ + (proved)
√

I bring a tribute to the Japanese mathematician Soji Nakajima.
In Tahoku Mathematical Journal, 25 (1925), pp. 115-121, S. Nakajima proves
using mathematical analysis the following geometric inequality:
≥ + + − ⋅ , equivalent to
√
≥ + + − ⋅ (*)
√
I found an elementary proof, less used by us

= + ≥ , = + ≥ , = + ≥ , , , ∈ℝ
so, at the most one of the numbers , , , is negative.
= − = ( + )( + ) − ( + ) =
= ( + + )+ ( + + )− ( + + )− ( + + )=
= ( + + )≥ ⇒ = + +
(*) ⇔ ( + )( + )( + ) ≥ ( + + )⋅ ( + + )− ⋅ + +
√
Let be + + = , because its homogeneous

⇒ ( + )( + )( + ) = ( − )( − )( − ) = + + −
+ + − ≥ + + − ( + + ) ⇔
√
( + + ) ≥ , if one of the numbers , , is negative then

√
www.ssmrmh.ro
<0
and ( + + ) ≥ >
√
In the case when all are positive we use the means inequality
+ + ≥ ⋅ ⋅ = ( ) and it follows Nakajima’s inequality

+ + = − ( + )
given inequality ⇔ − − ⇔ ≤ + + +
√
It suffices to prove + + ⇔ ≥ ⇔ ≥
√ √
Now, ≥ − (Gerretsen)
It suffices to prove − ≥ ⇔ ≥
OTHOV’S INEQUALITY
+ + ≥
Proof 1 by Adil Adullayev-Baku-Azerbaidian
Lemma. + + ≥ √ .
⋅ ( ) ≥ ≥ ⋅ ⇔ ≥ .
Proof 2 by Rozeta Atanasova-Skopje
+ + + + ( + + )
≥ ⇒ + + ≥ ( )
www.ssmrmh.ro
+ +
= ( )
= = + + ≥ √ ( )
( )
From (1), (2) and (3) ⇒ + + ≥
+ +
= =
∗ ≥ ∗ √ =
Proof 3 by Seyran Ibrahimov-Maasilli-Azerbaidian

+ + ≥
+ + ≥( + + )( + − )( + − )( + − )
+ + ≥ + − + + − + + − + − + + − − − −
+ + ≥( + + − )( − − + )
+ + ≥ − − + + − − + +
+ − − + − + + −
( + + )≥ + +
Bunyakovsky inequality:
+ + ≥ + +
+ + ≥ √ (AM≥GM)= ( )
it suffices to show ( ) ≥
www.ssmrmh.ro
√
⇔ ( ) ≥ ⇔ ≥ ⇔ ≤
√ √ √
Now, ≤ (Euler) and ≤ (Mitrinovic)⇒ ≤ ⇒ ≤

= , = , = , =
( + + )≥ ( )
⇒ + + ≥
( + ) ( + ) ( + )
⇒ + + ≥
⇒( + ) +( + ) +( + ) ≥
⇒ ( + + )+ ( + )≥
⇒ + + ≥ + =
Por la tanto: ( + + )+ ( + )≥
56. In : , , – sides, = [ ].
In : , , - sides, = [ ]
PEDOE’S INEQUALITY
( + − )+ ( + − )+ ( + − )≥
Por Herón:
= ( + + )( + − )( + − )( + − )
= (( + ) − )( −( − ) )
= ( (( + ) + ( − )−( − ) −
=( ( + )+ − − − )→ =− − − + + +
www.ssmrmh.ro
=− − − + + +
Por Cauchy:
+ + + ≤
≤ + + + + + +
+ + + + + + ≤( + + )( + + )
+ + + ≤( + + )( + + )
57. In acute-angled the following relationship holds:
REFINEMENT OF GERRETSEN’S INEQUALITY
− (∑ )
≥ ≥
∏( + )
Proof by Kevin Soto Palacios – Peru
− ( + + )
≥
( + )( + )( + )
Recordar lo siguiente:
( + )
+ = , − = , + + =
=
−
≥
≥ → ≥
√ √
⇒ √ ≥ → √ ≥ → ≥ → ≥
( )
2. ( )( )( )
≥
Sea: = , = , =
( + + ) = + + + ( + )( + )( + )
( + )( + )( + ) = ( + )+ ( + )+ ( + )+
www.ssmrmh.ro
⇒ ( + + ) ≥ ( + )( + )( + )
⇒ ( + + )+ ( + )( + )( + ) ≥ ( + )( + )( + )
⇒ ( + + ) ≥ ( + )( + )( + )
⇒ Utilizaremos: + ≥ ( + ), + ≥ ( + ), + ≥ ( + )
⇒ ( + + )≥ ( + )+ ( + )+ ( + ) ≥ ( + )( + )( + )
⇒ ( + )+ ( + )+ ( + )≥
≥ ( + )+ ( + )+ ( + )+
⇒ ( + )+ ( + )+ ( + )≥ , Dividiendo ÷ ( )
⇒ + + ≥ (Válido par: ≥ )

REFINEMENTS OF EULER’S INEQUALITY
≤ ( + + )≤
In :
≤ + ( + + )≤
− orthocentre, − incentre
+ + = +
+ + ≤ + (INEQUALITY IN TRIANGLE 34)
+ + = + + ≥
1. ≤ ( + )⇔ ≥ → ( + )≤ ⇔ ≤
2. ≤ + ( + + )⇔ + + ≥ →
www.ssmrmh.ro
→ + ( + + )≤ ⇔ + + ≤ ∧ ≤

RIGBY’S INEQUALITY – 1
( − )
≥ √
( − )
≥ √
= + ( + + ) √
= + ⇒ ≥ … ( )
+
= +
√
Homogen ⇒ + + = . (A) ⇔ ∑ ≥ ... (B)
√
+√ +√ ⏞
≥ ⋅ ⋅√ ⋅√ = ⇔ ≥ ... (C)
( )
√
∑ ⏞∑
≥ = ⇔ (B)

RIGBY’S INEQUALITY – 2
+ + + ( + + )≥ ( + )+ ( + )+ ( + )
+ + + ( + + )≥ ( + )+ ( + )+ ( + )
⇒( − − + )+( − − + )+
+( − − + )≥
www.ssmrmh.ro
⇒ ( − − + )+ ( − − + )+
+ ( − − + )≥
⇒ ( − )− ( − ) + ( − )− ( − ) +
+ ( − )− ( − ) ≥
⇒ ( − )( − ) + ( − )( − ) + ( − )( − ) ≥ (Desigualdad
Schur)
61. RUSSIAN INEQUALITY – 1
If , , ∈ ( , ∞) then:
+ + >2
+ + +
Proof 1 by Rovsen Pirkuliyev – Sumgait – Azerbaidjian

Denote + + =
Using AM-GM ⇒
+
+ +
≤ = ⇒ =
+
+
+ +
≤ = ⇒ ≥
+
and ≥
Hence + + ≥ + + =
Equality is possible
= = = ⇒ impossible
www.ssmrmh.ro
>2
+
Proof 2 by Myagmarsuren Yadamsuren – Mongolia
⋅( + ) ⋅( + ) +
= ≥ ⋅ ≥ ≥ + =
( + ) + +
+
⋅ ⋅( + )
= = =
( + + )⋅( + ) + +
= = > =
+ ( + ) ( + ) + +
= =
+ +
62. RUSSIAN INEQUALITY-2
+ + > , , , >0
Proof 1 by Hamza Mahmood-Lahore-Pakistan

Since, , , > 0 ⇒ there exists , , > 0 such that = , = , =
+ + = + +
= + + + + + ≥ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ =
=
⋅ ⋅
www.ssmrmh.ro
⇒ + + ≥ ( )
⋅
Now Since > = > 27 ⇒ ⇒ ⋅ > ⇒ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ >
> ⋅ ⇒ ⋅ >
⇒ > ⇒ > ( )
⋅ ⋅
From (A) and (B),
+ + >
Therefore, + + > , , , >0
+ + + + + ≥ ⋅ = >
⋅
> ⇔ > ⋅ ⇔ > ⇔ > ⇔ >3

⋅
⋅ = ⋅ >8>3
Proof 3 by Seyran Ibrahimov-Baku-Azerbaidian
, , >0
+ + >
= = ⇒ >
www.ssmrmh.ro
= , = , = , + + >
+ + +
+ + = + + + + + >
⋅ ⋅ >
> ⋅√ ⋅ √
>√ √ = √ ↔ > 81
63. … , ≥ polygon circumscribed to a circle of radius
= , = , ∈ ,
SCHAUMBERGER’S INEQUALITY
+ +⋯+ ≥ , = [ … ]
Proof by Ravi Prakash - New Delhi – India
Suppose touch the circle at , at etc.

Note = = , = =
Now,
= + +⋯+ =
www.ssmrmh.ro
=( + )+( + ) + ⋯+( + )=
= [ + + ⋯+ ]
where + ⋯+ = , and >
+ +⋯+
⇒ ≥ ⇒ ≥
[ is a convex function on , ]
Also, = ( )= ( ) = ( + )
Similarly for other triangles.
= = ( + )= ( )=
where = semiperimeter of polygon.

We have:
( + + ⋯+ )
+ + ⋯+ ≥ = = ( )( )
But ≥ [ see (1) ]
+ + ⋯+ ≥
64. SECLAMAN’S INEQUALITY – 2

If > 1 then:
√ + −√
<
( + )√ − √ √
Solution by Soumitra Mandal-Chandar Nagore-India

Let : [ , + ] → ℝ, : [ , + ] → ℝ be two functions defined as
( )= √ for all ∈[ , + ] and ( ) = √ for all ∈[ , + ].

www.ssmrmh.ro
Now, and are both continuous on [ , + ], and are both differentiable

on [ , + ],
then by Cauchy Mean Value Theorem
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
= ( )
where ∈( , + ).
( + )√ − √
= ( + )
√ + −√
√ + −√
⇒ = < <
( + )√ − √ ( + ) √
√ + −√
<
( + )√ − √ √
65. In , = [ ]=
SECLAMAN’S INEQUALITY
+ +
( , , )≤ ≤ ( , , )
( + + )
≤ ≤ ⇒ ( , , ) = ( , , )= .
= = ⇒ =
⋅
+ + + +
= =
+ +
≤ ≤ ⇔ + + ≤ + + ≤ + +
+ +
⋅
www.ssmrmh.ro

+ +
= ⇒ ( , , )≤ ≤ ( , , )
( + + )
Clearly, ( , , )≤ + + =
⇒ ( , , )≤
it suffices to prove ≤ ( )
− ( + ) − ( + )
⇔ ≤ ⇔ ≤
+ +
≤ − ( + ) ⇔ ≥ ( + )⇔ ≥ +
Now, ≥ − (Gerrentsen)
It suffices to prove: − ≥ +
⇔ ≥ ⇔ ≥ → true (Euler)
+ +
( , , )≤
( + + )
Now, let ( , , )=
+ + + +
≤ ( , , )⇔ ≤
( ∑ )
⇔ + + ≤ ( + + )⇔ + ≤ + (1)
≥ , ≥ and ≥ , ≥
⇒ + ≥ + (Proved)⇒ ( ) is true
66. STANCIU’S GENERALIZATION OF NESBITT’S INEQUALITY
If , , , , > 0 then:
www.ssmrmh.ro
( + + )
+ + ≥ ≥
+ + + ( + )( + + )
+ + )(
≥ ≥
( + )( + + ) +
Proof by Soumitra Mandal- Chandar Nagore – India
= ≥
+ +
( )
≥( )( )
[Applying Bergstrom’s Inequality]
( + + ) ∑
≥
( + )( + + ) ( + )( + + )
( )
≥ where = + + and = + +
≥ ( − )⇔ ≥ ( − )⇔ − − ( − )≥
⇔( − )( + − )≥ ⇔( − ) ( + ) ≥ , which is
true
∑
again, ∑ ≥ ∑ ⇒( ≥
) ∑
( + + ) ∑
≥ ≥ ≥
+ ( + )( + + ) ( + )( + + ) +

THEBAULT’S INEQUALITY
+ + ≥
www.ssmrmh.ro
Solution 1 by Adil Abdulayev-Baku-Azerdbajan

+ + + = −( + + )≥ ⇔
⇔ ≥ − ≥ − = .
= −
=( + ) − ≥( + ) − ( + + ) (Gerretsen)
= −
If we can prove − ≥ , we’re done ⇔ − ≥
⇔ ≥ ⇒ ≥ → true
TRUCHT’S INEQUALITY – 1
+ ≥ √
+ ≥ √
+ + = +
= , = , =
+ + =
Es equivalente:
www.ssmrmh.ro
+ + ≥√
+ + ≥ + +
+ + ≥√
+ ≥ √ ⇒ ≤ + +
Gerretsen ⇒ ≤ + +
It suffices to prove + + ≤ + +
⇔ − − ≥ ⇔ − − ≥
⇔ ( + )( − )≥ which is true
≥
Proof 3 by Seyran Ibrahimov – Masalli – Azerbaidjian
+ ≥ √
+ + ≥
≤ + + - Gerretsen inequality
+ + ≥ + +
≥ + ≥ - Euler inequality
+ ≥ √
+ = ( + + )
+ = + + = + ( + + )≥ √ =
= ( + + )√
www.ssmrmh.ro
≥( + + )√ − ( + + )⟺
≥( + + ) −( + + )⟺
− ⟺
≥ −

TRUCHT’S – INEQUALITY – 2
+ ≥
Proof 1 by Kevin Soto Palacios –Huarmey- Peru
≤ + ⇔ Gerretsen: ≥ − →
→ + ≥ − ≥ → ≥
+ +
⋅ ≥ ⇔ ⋅ ≥ ⇔ + ≥ .
( + + ) + + ≥ ⇔
+ +
⇔ ⋅ ⋅ ≥ ⇔
+ +
⇔ ⋅ ⋅ ≥ ⇔ + ≥ .

www.ssmrmh.ro
TSINTSIFAS INEQUALITY
+ + ≥ √
+ + +
, , ∈ ( , ∞), − area
De la desigualdad Weizenbock (Refinamiento de Pohoata)
+ + ≥ + + → , , ≥
Sea: = , = , =
+ + ≥ ⋅ + ⋅ + ⋅
+ + + + + + + + +
Por desigualdad de Cauchy:
⋅ + ⋅ + ⋅ ≥
( + ) ( + ) ( + ) ( + ) ( + ) ( + )
( + + )
≥
∑ ( + )( + )
( + + ) ∑( ) + ( + + )
= =
∑ ( + )( + ) ∑ + ∑( ) +∑ +∑
∑( ) + ( + + )
= ≥
( + + ) + ∑( )
Por la tanto:
+ + ≥ ⋅ + ⋅ + ⋅ ≥
+ + + + + + + + +
≥ = √
71. In :
www.ssmrmh.ro
TSINTSIFAS – MURTY’S INEQUALITY
√
< + + <
− − −
Proof 1 by Soumitra Mandal – Kolkata – India
Let ( ) = for all ∈ ,
( )=− ≤ for all ∈ ,
+ + √
≤ =
, ,
< , , < ⇒ > , , >

− − −
√
< =
−
, ,
−
≥
− −
, ,
[since, ≥ − ]
Let ( )= for all ∈ ,
( )
( )= + > 0 for all ∈ ,
( ) ( )
+ + −
( ) ≥ =
−
www.ssmrmh.ro
( )>
√
< <
−
, ,
√
< + + ≤
− − −
+ + = ⋅ + ⋅ + ⋅
− − − − − −
Let ≥ ≥ ≥ ⇒ ≤ ≤ and
≥ ≥ , result use Cebyshev inequality:
⋅ + ⋅ + ⋅ ≤ + + + +
because the function: ( ) = , is concave, ∈ ,
see my papers:
Romanian Mathematical Magazine-Paper Variant, nr. 17, pp 41-43
√
√
result: + + ≤ = =
the function: ( ) = , ∈ , is convex
result: ( ) + ( ) + ( ) ≤ + + ( )= ⋅ =
we shall obtain:
√ √
+ + ≤ ⋅ =
− − −
www.ssmrmh.ro
≥ ≥ and ≥ ≥
using Cebyshev inequality result:
+ + ≥ ( + + ) + +
− − − − − −
+ + ≥ Well – known
the function ( ) = − , convex, ∈ ,
using Hardy – Litllewood – Polya
( )+ ( )+ ( )≤ + + ( )
the function ( ) = , ∈ , is convex
using Jensen: + + ≥ =
we shall obtain: + + ≥ ⋅ =
72. If , , ∈ ℝ, > 0 then in the following relationship holds:

VASIC’S INEQUALITY
√
+ + ≤ + +
√
+ + ≤ + +
∀ , , ∈ ℝ, > 0 → Vasic’s Inequality

+ +
⏞
≤ + + + +
www.ssmrmh.ro
≥ + + , ≤ (∗)
( + + ) ( )
(∗ ) = ≤ =
So, if we can show:
√
+ + ≤ + + ( )
we are done.
( )⇔ + + ≥ ( + + )
+ +
⇔ ≥ ( + + )
⇔ + + ≥ ( + + )
( > 0)
⇔( + + ) ≥ ( + + )
⇔ + + ≥ ( + + ) ( )
Let = , = , =
+ + ≥ + +
− + + ≥ ( + + ) ⇒ ( ) is true
Proof 2 by Kevin Palacios-Huarmey-Peru
≥ →
( )
Donde:
www.ssmrmh.ro
= ,
Sea: = , = = , = = , = =
Además: = = − , = = − , = = −
Por la tanto:
( + + ) ≥ + +
⇒√ ( + + )≥ + + ( )
Sea: = , = , = ⇔ = , = , =
La desigualdades equivalente:
√
( )(÷ ) → + + ≤ + +

WALKER’S INEQUALITY-1
+ + ≥( + + ) + +
⇒ + + ≥ + + + + + +
⇒ + + ≥ + + +
Realizamos lo siguientes cambios de variables:

= + ≥ , = + ≥ , = + ≥ ⇔( , , )≥
www.ssmrmh.ro
+ + + + + +
⇒ + + ≥ + + +
+ + + + + +
⇒ ( + ) ( + )+ ( + ) ( + )+ ( + ) ( + ) ≥
≥( + ) ( + )+( + ) ( + )+( + ) ( + )+ ( + )
⇒ ( + + )( + ) ≥
≥ ( + + )( + ) + ( + )+
⇒ ( + )( + ) + ( + )≥
≥ ( + )( + ) + ( + )+ ( + )+
⇒ ( + )( + ) + + ≥
≥ ( + )( + ) + + ( + )+
( + )( + ) = + + + + + +
( + )( + ) = + + + + + +
( + )= + + + + +
= + +
= + +
⇒ ( + )( + ) − ( + )( + ) =
= + + +
⇒ + + + − = + + +
www.ssmrmh.ro
⇒ + + + + + + ≥ ( + )
⇒ − − − + + + ≥
⇒( − + )+( − + )+( − + )≥
⇒ ( − ) + ( − ) + ( − ) ≥ (LQQD)
74. In acute – angled triangle the following relationship holds:
WALKER’S INEQUALITY – 2
+ + ≥ ( + )
Probar en un triángulo acutángulo : + + ≥ ( + )
( + + )≥ +
+ + ≥( + + )
Para ello hay que tener presente lo siguiente, en un triángulo :
1. + + =
2. + + =
= + +
Por desigualdad de Cauchy:
⇒( + + ) ≤
⇒( + + ) ≤ →
→( + + ) ≤ + +
www.ssmrmh.ro

In acute triangle prove that:
+ + ≥ ( + )
+ = ( + + ) – Carnot identity
= , = , =
+ + ≥( + + )
− − − ≥
≥ + + + + +
≥ ( + + )+ + +
+
≥ ( − )+ + +
+
≥ + + −
Let ≥ ≥ ≥ ⇒ ≥ , ≤ ≤
+ + − =
= ( − )+ ( + )
( + )+ ( − ) ( + )+ +
= ≤ = =
−
= =
+ + ≤ (well – known)
+ ≤ −
( − )+ ( + )≤
www.ssmrmh.ro
−
≤ ⋅( − )+ −
− + −
= + =

WEISSTEN’S INEQUALITY:
+ +
≤
+ +
Solution by Kevin Soto Palacios – Huarmey-Peru
En un triángulo . Probar que:
+ +
≤
+ +
Recordar las siguientes fórmulas:
+ +
+ + =
( − )( − )( − )
= = , =
+ +
( + + ) ( + + )
≤ → ≤ → ≤
+ + ( + + ) ( + + )
→( + + )( + + ) ( − )( − )( − ) ≤ ( + + )
→( + + ) ( + − )( + − )( + − )≤ ( + + )
→ Sea: = + , = + , = +
→ ( + + ) ≤ ( + )( + )( + ) ( + + + + + )
→ Se puede observar claramente que:
( + )( + )( + ) ≥ → Válido: ≥
www.ssmrmh.ro
Por la que quelda demonstrar:

( + + + + + )≥ ( + + ) ⇔
⇔( − ) +( − ) +( − ) ≥
76. If , , ∈ ( , ∞) then:
WU’S INEQUALITY – 1
( + + )( + + )( + + )≥( + + )
Proof 1 by Nguyen Minh Triet - Quang Ngai – Vietnam
By Holder inequality, we have:
( + + )( + + )( + + )≥
≥ ⋅ ⋅ + ⋅ ⋅ + ⋅ ⋅
=( + + ) (q.e.d)
The equality holds at = = .
Proof 2 by Rovsen Pirguliyev – Sumgait – Azerbaidjian
In
∈ ( ) such that ∢ =∢ =∢ = °
By the theorem of cosines we have:
= + +
= + +
= + +
www.ssmrmh.ro
= + + = °+ °+
√
+ ⋅ °= ( + + )
it is known that (Bottema 0 … Geometric inequalities)
( ⋅ ⋅ ) ≥
√
⇒ + + ⋅ + + ⋅ + + ≥
√
≥ ⋅ ⋅( + + ) or
√
( + + )⋅( + + )⋅( + + )≥( + + )

Proof 3 by Soumitra Mandal - Kolkata – India
+ + = ( + ) + ( − ) ≥ ( + )
www.ssmrmh.ro
( + + )≥ ( + ) ≥
( + )≥
( + + )≥ ≥
(proved)
Considering a triangle with sides , , included angle °, a triangle with sides
, included angle ° and another with sides , , included angle °, we
get.
√
= ( + + ) °=
⇒∑ = (1)
√
www.ssmrmh.ro
+ + = ( )
by cosine rule + + = ( )
+ + = ( )
From isoperimetric inequality for triangles
√
( ) ≥ ⇒ ≥
√
(substituting values from (1), (2), (3), (4) gives required inequality)
−
= + + + + + +
+ + + − − − − −
− − − = (say)
Now,
+ ≥ ⎫
⎪
+ ≥ ⎪
⎪
+ ≥ ⎪
+ ≥ AM-GM
⎬
⎪
+ ≥
⎪
⎪
+ ≥
⎪
+ + ≥ ⎭
Adding, we get + + + + + +
+ + + ≥ + +
+ + + + +
⇒ ≥ ⇒ ≥
www.ssmrmh.ro
Proof 6 by Myagmarsuren Yadamsuren – Ulanbataar-Mongolia

+ +
=
= + +
+ +
= + + ⇒ =
= + +
+ +
=
+ + ≥ ⎫
⎪
⎪
+ + ≥
⎬
⎪
+ + ≥ ⎪
⎭
+ +
+ + ≥ ⋅
≥( + + )
⋅ ⋅ ≥( + + )
Proof 7 by Le Viet Hung –Hai Lang-Vietnam
+ + ≥ ( + ) ⇔ ( − ) ≥
+ + ≥ ( + ) ⇔ ( − ) ≥
+ + ≥ ( + ) ⇔ ( − ) ≥
∴( + + )( + + )( + + )≥ ( + ) ( + ) ( + )
Use:
www.ssmrmh.ro
( + )( + )( + ) ≥ ( + + )( + + )⇔
⇔ ( − ) + ( − ) + ( − ) ≥
⇒ ( + ) ( + ) ( + ) ≥ ( + + ) ( + + ) ≥
≥( + + )
GOLDSTONE’S INEQUALITY
≤ ≤
Solution 1 by Kevin Soto Palacios – Huarmey – Peru

Tener en cuenta lo siguiente, el area “S” de un triángulo :
= = + + − − −
⇒ = ( ) = + + − − −
Demostraremos el lado izquierdo, a lo que es equivalente:
+ + − − − ≤ + +
⇒ + + ≥ + + → − + − + − ≥ … (LQQD)
( ) +( ) +( )
≥
+ +
Tener presente lo siguiente en un triángulo :
= ∧ = ( + + )( + − )( + − )( + − )
⇒ = ⇔ + > , + > , + >

( + + )( + − )( + − )( + − )
Elevando al cuadrado la expresión tenemos:
www.ssmrmh.ro
( ) ( ) +( ) +( )
⇒ ≥
( + + )( + − )( + − )( + − ) ( + + )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
⇒( )( )( )
≥ → Invirtiendo tenemos
( + − )( + − )( + − ) + +
⇒ ≤ ⇔
( ) ( ) +( ) +( )
( ) +( ) +( ) + +
⇔ ≤
( ) ( + − )( + − )( + − )
( + − )+( + − )+( + − )
⇒ + + ≤ →
( + − )( + − )( + − )
→ ≤
( + − )( + − )
− ( + − )( + − )
⇒ − = =
( + − )( + − ) ( + − )( + − )
−( −( − ) ) ( − )
= = ≥
( + − )( + − ) ( + − )( + − )
Solution 2 by Soumava Chakraborty – Kolkata – India
( ) ( )
In any , ≤ ∑ ≤
(Goldstone’s inequality)
Let’s first prove that: ≥ ,
( )
≥ ⇔ ≥ =
⇔ ≥ ( + )= +
= + +
www.ssmrmh.ro
∑ (∑ )
= + = + = +
∑ ∑
⇔ ≥ ⇔ − ≥ (2)
∑
We shall now prove that: − ≥ (3)
∑ − +
⇔ − ≥
( )(∑ −∑ )+ − −
= = ⇔ ≤ + −
Gerretsen ⇒ ≤ + +
∴ in order to prove (3), it suffices to prove that:
+ + ≤ + − ⇔ ≥ → true ⇒ (3) is true.
∴ to prove (2) and hence (1), it suffices to prove
∑ (∑ )
≥ ⇔ ≥
⇔ ( − ) + ( − ) + ( − ) ≥ ,
which is true ⇒ (2) and ∴ (1) is true
∴ ≥ ⇒ ≥ ⇒ ≥∑ ⇒ (a) is true
∑
Again, ∑ ≥ ( + + )= ( )= ≥ (∵ ≥ )
⇒ (b) is true (Proved)
78. If = , then:
KATSUURA’S INEQUALITY
<2 < < + <2 <

www.ssmrmh.ro
+
<√ < <
Proof 1 by Ravi Prakash - New Delhi – India
= <2 ∵ < <1
<2 =
Also, + > 2 for < <
∴ < + < +
< + =
Also
< = ⋅
− + −
⇒ <√ < ( + )
< ( + )=

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
< < < + <
( ) ( ) ( )
< √ < < ,∀ ∈ ,
(1) ⇔ <2 ⇔ < 1 → true ⇒ ( ) is true
Now, ∀ ∈ , , <
www.ssmrmh.ro
∴ <2⋅ = ⇒ (2) is true
Again ∀ ∈ , , < √ ⇒ > ⇒ > (i)
∴ + ≥ = > 2 (using (i)) =
⇒ (3) is true
Again, > > (∵ > > )
⇒ > + ⇒ (4) is true
Again (5) ⇔ >2⋅
⇔ >4 ⇔ >
⇔ >2 − ⇔ + >2
But + > ⇒ (5) is true
Again, > √ (∵ ≠ ) ⇒ (6) is true.
Again, > >

⇒ > +
⇒ > ⇒ (7) is true
79. In acute angled :

BAITAN’S INEQUALITY
www.ssmrmh.ro
− (∑ )
≥ ≥
∏( + )
(∑ )
Probar en un triángulo acutángulo :∏ ≥ ∏( )
≥
Dado que es un triángulo: , , >0

Recordar lo siguiente: ∑ =∏ ,
+ = , = −
Demostraremos que
1) ∏ ∏( + ) ≥ (∑ )
∏ ∏ ≥ ∏ ⇔ reduciendo: ∏( − )≥ ∏
A lo que es equivalente: ≥( + )( + )( + ) … (lo cual
demostraremos). Por: MA ≥ MG
( ) ( ) ( )
≥ ( + )( + )( + )
∑
Luego: ( + )( + )( + )≤ ≤ ≤
(∑ )
2) ≥ ⇒ (∑ ) ≥ ∏( + )
∏( )
Desde que es un triángulo acutángulo: → , , >0

Siendo: , , , se cumple la siguiente desigualdad:
( + )+( + )+( + )≥ ( + )( + )( + )
⇒ ( + + ) ≥ ( + )( + )( + )
Siendo: = , = , = → se obtiene:
(∑ ) ≥ ∏( + ) … (LQQD)
www.ssmrmh.ro
Solution 2 by Soumitra Mandal-Chandar Nagore-India
We know, + + ≤ . We need to prove,
−
⋅ ( + )≥
− − ( + )
∴ ⋅ ( + )= ⋅
− ( + )
= ⋅ = ( − )⋅ ⋅
( )
Now, we will prove,
( − )⋅ ≥
( )
⇔ ( − )≥ = ( − )
⇔ ≥ ( + )….( )
Now, applying A.M ≥ .

+ + +
≥ ( + )⇒
+
⇒ ≥ ( + )
∴ ≥∏ ( + ) (established statement (1))
∴ ∏ ( − )⋅ ≥ ∏ (established)
( )
www.ssmrmh.ro
−
∴ ⋅ ( + )≥ =
Again, applying A.M ≥ G.M,
( + ) ≥ ( + )
∑
∴ ∏ ( )
≥ (established)
− ∑
∴ ≥ ≥
∏ ( + )

( + ) ( )
+ = + = =
( ) ( )
Similarly, + = and + =
∏
(1) × (2) × (3) ⇒ ∏( + )=
(∏ )
(4)
∏ (∏ ) (∏ )
First inequality ⇔ ∏
≥ ∏
(∵ = − , etc., ∑ =∏ and using (4))
∏ (∏ ) (∏ )
⇔ ≥
∏ (∏ ) (∏ )
(∏ ) ∏ ∏ √
⇔∏ ≥ = ⇔∏ ≤ (a)
Let ( ) = ∀ ∈ ( , ), ( )= <0
www.ssmrmh.ro
+ + √
∴ ≤ =
√ √
⇒ ≤ ⇒ ≤
⇒ (a) is true ⇒ first inequality is true

( ∑ )
Second inequality ⇔ ∏( )
≥
⇔ ( + ) ≥ ( + )
⇔( + + ) ≥ (where = + etc)
→ true by AM-GM ⇒ second inequality is proved (Done)
80. In acute the following relationship holds:
BANICA’S INEQUALITY
−
≥ , =
( − )
+ − + − + −
= ⋅ ⋅
Numerator = (∑ − )(∑ − )(∑ − )
= − + −
=− + − ( ) −
= − − −
= {( + + ) −( − − ) − }−
www.ssmrmh.ro
= { ( + )− }−
= ( − − )−
( )
= ( − − − )
(1), (2) ⇒ =
( ) − − −
= ∴ =
− − −
− −
∴ = − − − −
( − )
− − −
( ) − − −
=
+ + −
?
Now, ⏞
≤ + + < + +
? ?
⇔ > ⇔ > → true ∴ < 12 + +
⇒ + + − > 0 (5)
Now, if − − − ≤ , then
(4), (5) ⇒ ( )
≤ ⇒ >0≥ ( )
⇒ Banica’s inequality holds true
Let us now consider − − − >0
i.e. > +( + ) . Then, (5) ⇒ ( )

>0
− − − −
∴ ≥ =
( − ) + + −
⇔ + + −
≥ − − −
www.ssmrmh.ro
⇔( + ) ≤ + + + (6)
Now, LHS of (6) ⏞

≤ ( + )( + + )
? ?
⏞
≤ + + + ⇔ + − − ⏞
≥
?
⇔( − )( + + ⏞
)≥ → true, ∵ ≥ (Euler)
⇒ (6) is true ⇒ Banica’s inequality is true (Proved)
81. In acute-angled the following relationship holds:
BODAN’S INEQUALITY
+ + ≥
√
Given inequality ⇔ ∑ ≥
⇔ ∑( + )≥ (1)
√
( )
Now, + = + = =
Similarly, + = , + =
∴ ( + )= + +
≥ ; (1), (2) ⇒ it suffices to prove:

( )
∏ ∏
≥ ⇔ ≥ ⇔ ≥
∏ ∏ ∏
⇔∏ ≥ √ ⇔∑ ≥ √ (3)
www.ssmrmh.ro
∵ ( )= ∀ ∈ , is convex,
∴ Jensen ⇒ ∑ ≥ = √ ⇒ (3) is true (Proved)
82. In :
CERIN’S INEQUALITY
+ −
+ − >
Proof by Mehmet Sahin-Ankara-Turkey

( + )−
+ − > ⇔( + − ) > ( + )−
+
( + + = )⇔( + − ) > ( + )−
−
⇔ ( − ) > ( − )−
⇔ − >2 − − + ⋅ −
⇔ − + + − > 0?
⇔ ⋅ − ( − )+( − ) > 0?
⇔ <0⇔ =( − ) − ⋅ ⋅( − ) < 0 (? )
=− + + < 0 (? )
⇔ − + > 0 (? )
= − =− <0
83. GROENMAN-SMEENK IDENTITY
www.ssmrmh.ro
, any point in the plane of does not belong to side lines , ,

, , orthocenters of , , . Prove: [ ]=[ ]
Reference: J.T. Groenman – D.J. Smeenk, CRUX 717
Designed by Abdilkadir Altintas-Afyonkarashisar-Turkey
Solution by Marian Ursarescu-Romania
We can choose with circumcenter in origin of axis.
Let , , ∈ ℂ so that ( ), ( ), ( )
= (1)
But = + + , = + + , = + + ⇒
+ + + +
= + + + + (2)
+ + + +
Now, we use these properties:

+
+ = + (3)
+
and =− (4)
www.ssmrmh.ro
From (1)+(2)+(4) ⇒ =
84. In :
IONESCU – LEUENBERGER’S GENERALIZED INEQUALITY – 1
√
+ + ≥ , ≥
Proposed by D.M. Bătinețu – Giurgiu; Daniel Sitaru – Romania

√
Probar en un triángulo : + + ≥ , ≥
+ + ≥ ( + + ) , sea = , = , =
⇒ + + ≥ + + ≥ ≥
√ √
≥ = =
√
Proof 2 by Nirapada Pal-Jhargram-India
+ + ⏞
≥ ⏞
≥
[ ] ( + + )
√
≥ [since + + ≤ √ ]= =
√ √
Proof 3 by Eliezer Okeke-Port Harcourt-Nigerie

√
In : Show ∑ ≥
( + + )
= ≥ =
( + + ) ( )
www.ssmrmh.ro
√
≥ = (Proved)
√
+ + ≥ ( − )
( )
√
√
≥ = =
( ) √ √

= ⋅ , = ⋅ , = ⋅
√
⋅ ⋅ ≤
+ + ≥ = ≥
( ) ( ⋅ ⋅ )
√
≥ = =
√
= + +
√
≥ ( )
≥ ≥ (Proved)
√
Proof 7 by Soumitra Mandal - Chandar Nagore-India

( )
We know, ≥ + + ⇒ ≥ ⇒ ≥( + + )
www.ssmrmh.ro
⇒ √ ≥ + + ⋅ ≥ ≥ ≥
( ) + + √
√
= (Proved)
85. In :
IONESCU – LEUENBERGER’S GENERALIZED INEQUALITY – 2
√
+ + ≥ , ≥ , , >0
( + ) ( + ) ( + ) ( + )
Proposed by D.M. Bătinețu – Giurgiu; Daniel Sitaru – Romania
+ + ≥
( + ) ( + ) ( + )
⏞
≥ ⏞
≥
[( + )( + )( + )] ( + + )( + )
√
≥ since ( + + ≤ √ )= =( )
( ) √ ( ) √

Probar en un triángulo
√
+ + ≥ , ≥ , , >0
( + ) ( + ) ( + ) ( + )
≥ + + ≥
( + ) + + +
≥ ( )( )
≥ ( ) √
. Por transitividad
www.ssmrmh.ro
√ √
≥ = =
( + ) ( + ) √ ( + ) ( + )
= + + ≥
( + ) ( + ) ( + ) ( + + ) ( + )
∵ + , + , + > 0,
, > 0 , , ,> 0
√
≥ =( )
= (Proved)
√ ( )
Proof 4 by Uche Eliezer Okeke-Anambra-Nigerie
≥ = ≥
[( + + )( + )] ( ) ( + )
≥
( )
= (Proved)
√
86. If , > 0, ≠ then:

KARAMATA’S INEQUALITY
− √ + √
>
− √ +√
Proof by Soumitra Mandal-Chandar Nagore-India
We will prove, < ( )

for all ∈ ( , ∞)
Let ( ) = − + − for all ∈ ( , ∞)
( − )
∴ ( )= + + − −
+ ( + )
( + ) ( + + )− ( − ) − ( + )
= =
( + )
www.ssmrmh.ro
( + ) − ( + ) +
=
( + )
( − )( − + − + − ) ( − ) ( − − + )
= =
( + ) ( + )
( )
= ≥ . So, ( )≥ for all ∈ ( , ∞). Hence, is
( )
increasing on ( , ∞). ∴ ( ) > ( ) = ⇒ − + ≥
√ √
∴ < ( )
. Now putting = . So, > (Proved)
√ √
87. In acute the following relationship holds:

MAFTEI’S INEQUALITY
≤ + + ≤
Solution 1 by Kevin Soto Palacios – Huarmey – Peru

Probar en un triàngulo acutàngulo
≤ + + ≤
Teniendo en cuenta las siguientes desigualdades en un
≥ ( − ), ≥ ( − ), ≥ ( − )
≤ + , ≤ + , ≤ +
( )
⇔ ≥ = =
+ ∑ +∑
+ + ≤ , ≥ , ≥ √
Ahora bien
www.ssmrmh.ro
+ + ≥ + + ≥√ = √ ≥
Por la desiguldad de Cauchy
+ + ≤ ( + + ) + + ≤
≤ + +
( − ) ( − ) ( − )
( )
+ + ≤ ⋅ ≤ ⋅ ≤ (LQQD)
Tener en cuenta que se ulilizo la siguiente identidad

( − )( − ) + ( − )( − ) + ( − )( − ) =
= ( + )∧ = ( − )( − )( − )
( + )
⇔ + + =
( − ) ( − ) ( − )
Por lo tanto
( )
+ + ≤ ⋅ ≤ ⋅ ≤ (LQQD)

( ) ( )
≤ + + ≤
+ + = + + ≥ (Bergstrom)
( )∑
WLOG, we may assume ≥ ≥ . Then, ≥ ≥ and ≤ ≤
∴ ≤ ≤ ( + )
www.ssmrmh.ro
⋅
⇒ ≥ ⇒ ≥ =
∑ ( + ) ∑ ( ) ( + ) +
(1), (2) ⇒ ∑ ≥ (3)
∴ in order to prove (a), it suffices to prove:
≥ (from (3)) ⇔ ≥ ( + )⇔ ≥ + (4)
Gerretsen ⇒ ≥ − ∴ in order to prove (a), it suffices to prove:

− ≥ + (from (4))
⇔ ≥ ⇔ ≥ → true, by Euler⇒ (a) is true
Now, ≥ etc ⇒ ≥ etc⇒ ≤ etc ⇒ ≤ etc (5)
∑ ⋅
∴∑ ≤ ∑ (using (5)) = ≤ =
⇒ (b) is true
≤ = ⋅( + + )≤
≥ ⋅( + + )⋅ + + =
= ⋅ ⋅ + + ≥ ⋅ ⋅ =
+ +
= ≥ = ≥
+ + ∑ ( − ) ⋅∑ −
⋅ √ ⋅
≥ ≥ =
⋅ ⋅ √ ⋅
www.ssmrmh.ro
88. MITRINOVIC – ADAMOVIC’S INEQUALITY
< , ∈ ,

We are to prove: − >0
Let ( ) = − , ∀ ∈ ,
( )
( )= + − = ( ) (say)
( )=− + + + − =
= ( − )+ + + −
≥ + + − (∵ ≥ )
( )
≥ + + − (∵ ≥ )
= ( + − )
Let ( ) = + −
∴ ( )= − + − = − − + −
= ( − ) ≥ (∵ ≥ ) ∵ ( ) = & ( ) ≥ ∀ ∈ ,
( )
∴ ( ) ≥ ( ) = ; (3) ⇒ ( )≥ (from (2))
∵ ( ) = & ( ) ≥ ∀ ∈ , ,∴ ( ) ≥ ( ) = ⇒ ( )≥
∵ ( ) = & ( ) ≥ , ∴ ( ) ≥ ( ) =
⇒ − ≥ ,∀ ∈ ,
Hence, it is obvious that ∀ ∈ , , > ⇒ <
(proved)
www.ssmrmh.ro
Let ( ) = − ( ) for all ≤ ≤
( )
( )= −( ) −
( )= ( ) ( − ), hence ( )≤ , ( )≤ ( )
⇒ ( )≤ ( )= ⇒ ≤ (proved)

SANDOVICI’S INEQUALITY
+ + ≥
Probar en un triángulo acutángulo : + + ≥
Dado que es un triángulo acutángulo: , , >0

Además: = ,
+ + = ∧ ≤ √
Por: MA ≥ MG
+ + ≥ √ … (Válido en un triángulo
acutángulo)
≥ √ ⇔
⇔ = + + ≥ √
Solo basta demostrar: √ ≤ √ = √ … (lqqd)

www.ssmrmh.ro
In acute : + + ≥ where = area of
We know, = ⋅ , = ⋅ and
= ⋅ . So, ∴ ∑ = ∑
≥ ≥ ∵ ≥ ( + − )
( + − )
= √ = / = [∵ = ] (proved)

+ − + − + −
= ⋅ ⋅
Numerator = (∑ − )(∑ − )(∑ − )
= − + −
=− + − ( ) −
=− + − ( ) −
= − − −
= {( + + ) −( − − ) }− −
= ( + )− −
= ( + − )−
www.ssmrmh.ro
= ( − − − )= { −( + ) }
{ −( + ) }( ) −( + )
∴ = =
∏
Now, ∑ ≥ ∏ = ∏
∏
∴ it suffices to prove: ∏
≥
⋅
⇔ ⋅ ( )
≥ (using (1)) ⇔ { ( ) }
≥
⇔ ≥ − ( + ) ⇔ ≤ + +
∴ it suffices to prove: + + ≤ + +
⇔ ≥ ⇔ ≥ → true (Euler) (Proved)
90. SECLAMAN’S INEQUALITY – 3:
If , , ≥ , + + = then: ( − )( − )( − ) + ≥
If , , ≥ , + + = find:
( ( + + )+ ( + + )+ )
Proposed by Dan Radu Seclaman-Romania
SECLAMAN’S INEQUALITY – 3: Let , , ≥ and + + = then
∏ ( − )+ ≥ find
+ +
( − )+ ≥ ⇔ − + − + ≥ ⇔
www.ssmrmh.ro
⇔ ≥ ⇔ ≥ ⇔ ≥
which is true ∴ ∏ ( − )+ ≥ (proved)
+ + = − ( + )+ +
= − + +
= − + = − +
( + + )
≤ + ≤ + = ( + + ) =
∴ + + = ( :)

, , ≥ , + + = ⇒ ( − )( − )( − ) + ≥ ;
( )
also find { ∑ + ∑ + }
(1) ⇔ −∑ +∑ − + ≥ ⇔∑ ≥ (2)
If at least 1 variable = , (2) ⇔ ∑ ≥ → true, as , , ≥
If all 3 variable > 0, √ ≤ = ⇒ ≤
⇒ ≤ ⇒√ ≥ (i)
www.ssmrmh.ro
Again, ∑ ≥ √ ≥ (using (i)) ⇒ (2) is true

Combining, (2) is true ∀ , , ≥ | + + =
⇒ (1) is true ∀ , , ≥ | + + =
Now, ∑ = (∑ ) − ( − )( − )( − )
= − + − ( )− = − +
∴ = + +
= − ∑ + ≤ − ∑ + ∑ (using (2))
= + ≤ + ∵ ≥
= + = ∴ = for = = =
Solution 3 by Dan Radu Seclaman-Romania

Let , , ∈ [ , ∞), such that + + = .
a) Prove that: ( − )( − )( − ) + ≥ .
b) Find the maximum value of the following expression:
( , , )= ( + + )+ ( + + )+ .
a) We have ( − )( − )( − ) = − + + + − .
But ( + + )( + + )≥ , wherefrom it follows
+ + ≥ and so ( − )( − )( − ) ≥ − (we have
equality if = = = ).
b) As + + = +( + + )( + + − − − ), for
any , , ∈ , and + + = , we obtain (taking into account point a)):
( − ) + ( − ) + ( − ) = ( − )( − )( − ) ≤ − .
www.ssmrmh.ro
So: ∑ − ∑ + ≤ − . Because ∑ = − ∑ , we obtain that:

+ + + ( + + + )≤ . (1)
As ∑ = + ( − ∑ )≤ − ∑ , we deduce that
+ + + ( + + )≤ . (2) (we took into account that
≤ = )
Adding the relationships (1) and (2) we obtain that ( , , ) ≤ with equality
if and only if = = = . So , , ( , , )= and its realized for
= = = .
91. SECLAMANS’S INEQUALITY – 4
If , ∈ ( ), ≥ ,( − ) = , = , ∈ , | | < 2 then:
( − ( + )+ )≥
Proposed by Dan Radu Seclaman-Romania
Elementary results, if ∈ (ℝ) then ⋅ =
and = . Now, ( − ) = ⇒ + = + = [∵ = ]
∴ − ( + )+ = − ( + )+ ( + )
= ( − ) + ( − ) ,∴ ( − ( + )+ )
= ( − ) + ( − )
= (( − ) +( − ) ) [∴ ( )= ( )]
= − + ( − ) − − ( − ) [where = √− ]
www.ssmrmh.ro
= − + ( − ) − + ( − )
= { − + ( − )} ⋅ − + ( − )
= [ { − + ( − )}] ≥ ∵ ( )=
∴ ( − ( + )+ )≥ (proved)
Solution 2 by Ravi Prakash-New Delhi-India
Let = where ∈ ℂ and =
× ×
= ( ) = ( ) ( )=| ( )|
Let = , = , , ∈ . Now,
×
[( + )( − )] = ( + )( + ) =| ( + )| ≥
But ( + )( − )= + ( )− ( )+ = + if =
∴ if = , then ( + )=| ( + )| ≥
Now, for the question,
=( − ) = − − + = − +
⇒ = ( + ). We have
− ( + )+ = − ( + )+ ( + )
= [( − + )+( − + )] = [( − ) +( − ) ]
∴ [ − ( + )+ ]= {( − ) +( − ) }≥
Solution 3 by Dan Radu Seclaman-Romania

Let , ∈ ( ), ≥ , fixed, such that ( − ) = and = . If
www.ssmrmh.ro
∈ with | | < 2, prove that: ( − ( + )+ )≥ .

Let , ∈ − , be the roots of the equation + + = , where ∈
with | | < 2 . We consider the matrix = + + and as = , we
have: ∙ =( + + )( + + )=
= +( + )( + ) + ( + )+ + =
= − ( + )+( + )+( − ) .
As ( − ) = , we obtain ∙ = − ( + )+ and if we take into
account that ∙ ≥ , we deduce that ( − ( + )+ )≥ .

SECLAMAN’S INEQUALITY – 5
+ +
≤ −
+ +
+ +
≤ − ⇔ ⋅( + + )≤( + )( − )⇔
+ +
⋅ ( − − )≤ − − ⇔
− − ≤( − − )⋅ ⇔ ≤ + +
?
Gerretsen ⇒ ≤ + + ≤ + + ⇔
− − ≥ ⇔( − )( + )≥ (Euler)
Proof 2 by Mehmet Sahin-Ankara-Turkey
∑ = ( + + ), ∑ = + ,∑ ≤
www.ssmrmh.ro
+ + ( + + ) ⋅
= ≤ ≤ −
+ + + +
⇔ ≤ ( + )( − )⇔ − − ≥
⇔( − )( + )≥ ⇔ ≥ (Euler)
We have, + + = , + + = + + and
≤ + − + ( − ) −
∑ ∑
∴ = ∵ = + =
∑ ( + )
( − − ) ( − − )
= =
( + ) ( + )
We need to prove,
( − − )≤ ( + )( − )= ( − − )
⇔ ≤ + +
We have, ≤ + − + ( − )√ − .
We need to prove
+ − + ( − ) − ≤ + +
⇔ ( − ) − ≤ ( − + )= ( − )( − )
⇔ − ≤ − ⇔ − ≤ − + ⇔
⇔ ≤( + ) , which is true. ∴ ≤ + + is established. So,
∴ ≤ − (proved)
www.ssmrmh.ro

+ + ( − )
≤ − −
+ + ⋅ ( − )( + )
a) ∑ = ( + + )= ( − − )
2) + + = +
3) ≥ ⇒ − ≥
∑ ( − − )
= =
∑ +
( − ) ( − )
= − − ≥ − − =
( − )( + ) ( + )
( − )
= − −
( + )
( − − ) ( − )
= ≤( − )− =
( + ) ( + )
(ASSURE)
( − − )≤( − ) ( + )− ( − )
≤ + +
≤ ( + + )= + + ≤
≤ + +
≥ + (ASSURE)
+ ≤ + = ( + )= ⋅ ≤ ⋅ =
93. SHAN HE WU’S INEQUALITY

If , > 0, ≠ then:
www.ssmrmh.ro
+
−√
√ < <2
+
−√
Solution 1 by Khanh Hung Vu-Ho Chi Minh-Vietnam

( )
√ √ √
We have = = =
√ √ √
√ √ √ ⋅ √
( ) ( )
By BCS, we have + ≥ ⇒ ≥ ⇒ ≥ ⇒
+ + + √ +√
⇒ +√ ≥ +√ ⇒ +√ ≥ ⇒
√ √
⇒ ≤ . The equality occurs when = (Absurd) ⇒ < 2 (1)
√ √
( )
On the other hand, we have + <( + ) ⇒ < ⇒ < ⇒
√
√
⇒ +√ < . We have + +√ < + +√ ⇒
√
√ √ √
⇒ + +√ < √ +√ ⇒ +√ < ⇒ >√ (2)
√ √
(1) and (2) ⇒ Q.E.D.
Solution 2 by Muhammad Alhafi-Aleppo-Syria

Since the inequality is homogenized we may assume that = so if = + then
+ = − and the inequality becomes: √ < <2⇔
⇔ − √ − < <( − ) ⇔ + − √ − −√ < < − +

√
the left inequality is equivalent to: −√ < −√ which follows from
> 2√ = the right inequality is equivalent to:

www.ssmrmh.ro
− + >0⇔( − ) >0
Solution 3 by Myagmarsuren Yadamsuren-Darkhan-Mongolia
1) RHS: + − √ > 0 True
( + ) − ( + )√ + >0⇔ + + = ( + )√ >0⇔
+
⇔ + + − ( + )√ + >
√ ⇒ √ ⇒
√
⇒ − √ > −√ ⇒ > (RHS)
√
2) LHS: √ + ≥√ (True)
≥
−√ ⋅ + ≥ −√ ⋅√ ⇔ −√ ⋅ + + √ − √ ≥
−√ + + − √ √ ≥ |⋅ √
− √ √ ⋅ + + − √ ≥
−√ ⋅√ ⋅ + + − √ ≥
+ + −√ ⋅√ ⋅ + + − √ ≥ + +
+ + −√ √ ≥( + )
+ + −√ ⋅√ ≥ +
+ + + +
+ √ − √ ≥ ⇒ −√ ≥ −√ √
√ √
√
−√ ≥√ −√ ⇔ ≥√ (LHS)
√

( ) √ ( )
√ < < . Let = , = ,√ =
√
www.ssmrmh.ro
(2) ⇔ < 2 (of course, > > )⇔ − <2 − ⇔ + <2 ⇔
+ +
⇔ +√ < + ⇔ + + ( + )< + + ⇔
⇔( + )+ − ( + )>0⇔ √ + −√ > 0 → true ⇒

⇒ (2) is true ∴ + < 2 → (2a)
( )
(1) ⇔ ( )
>2⇔ + − > 2( + − )⇔ + − >
( + ) ( + )
>2⋅ + − ( + )√ ⇔ ( + )√ − > ⇔
⇔ ( + )−√ > ⇔ − > → true by (2a) ⇒ (1) is true (Done)
94. SONDAT’S IDENTITY

If in acute , – orthocentre, - incentre, – circumcentre then:
( − ) ( − ) ( − )
( [ ]) =
Proof 1 by Do Huu Duc Thinh-Ho Chi Minh-Vietnam

∏( )
= . Let be centroid of . Since
= ⇒ = ⇒ =
We are going to calculate by using coordinates method.

( ; ); ( ; ); ( ; ). The coordinates of , , are respectively given
by: ( is semi-perimeter)
+ + + + + + + +
; ; ; ;
⋅ + ⋅ + ⋅ ⋅ + ⋅ + ⋅
; =
⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅
www.ssmrmh.ro
= ( ⋅ ⋅ ); ( ⋅ ⋅ )
So, the areal coordinates of , , are: : : ; : : ;
( ⋅ : ⋅ : ⋅ )
Using area formula in areal coordinates method, we have:
= ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⇒
⇒ ⋅ = ⋅ ( ⋅ − ⋅ )
⇒ ⋅ = ⋅ ( ⋅ − ⋅ )
We have: = = : = = , similarly:
+ − + −
= ; = ⇒
( − )( + − )
⇒ ( ⋅ − ⋅ )=
= [ ( − )( + − )] = ⋅ ( − )( − )( − )( + + ) =
( − )( − )( − )
=
( )( )( ) ∏( ) ∏( )
Therefore: ⋅ = = ⇒ =
∏( )
⇒ = = . Hence, we have Q.E.D.
Let’s take as the origin, ⃗ = ⃗, ⃗ = ⃗, ⃗ = ⃗ then | ⃗| = ⃗ = | ⃗| = ,

www.ssmrmh.ro
where is circumcentre of triangle. Centroid of triangle is ⃗+ ⃗+ ⃗
But divides in the ratio : . Thus, ⃗= ⃗+ ⃗+ ⃗

⃗ ⃗ ⃗
Also, ⃗= . Area of = ⃗ × ⃗ . Now, ⃗ × ⃗=
= ⃗+ ⃗ + ⃗ × ⃗ + ⃗ + ⃗
= ( − ) ⃗ × ⃗ + ( − ) ⃗ × ⃗ + ( − )( ⃗ × ⃗)
= , = , =
But ⃗ × ⃗ = where is unit normal to plane containing , ,
Thus, ⃗ × ⃗= where
=( − ) +( − ) +( − )
= [( − ) +( − ) +( − ) ]
( − )( + − ) + ( − )( + − )
=
+ ( − )( + − )
( − + − )+ ( − + − )+
= + ( − + − )− ( − )− ( − )
− ( − )
www.ssmrmh.ro
= [ ( − )+ ( − )+ ( − )− ( − )— ( − )− ( − )]
= [ − ] where
= =
= = − −
− −
− − − −
= ( − )( − ) + + + +
+ +
→ −
= ( − )( − ) = ( − )( − ) −
+ + − +
= ( − )( − )( − ) +
+
= ( − )( − )( − )( + + )
− −
and = = − −
= ( − )( − ) + + + + + +
= ( − )( − )[ − + ( − )+ ( − )]
= ( − )( − )( − )[ + + + + + ]
Thus, −
= ( − )( − )( − )[ + + + + + + + + ]
= ( − )( − )( − )( ) = ( − )( − )( − )
( − )( − )( − )
∴ =
www.ssmrmh.ro
( − ) ( − ) ( − )
⇒ ⃗ × ⃗ = ⋅
( )
( − ) ( − ) ( − )
=
( )
But =
( − ) ( − ) ( − )
∴ ⃗ × ⃗ =
( − ) ( − ) ( − )
=
Hence ( ) = ( − ) ( − ) ( − )

( ) ( ) ( )
In any ,( [ ]) =
Let = , = , =
( )( )( )( ) ∑ ∑
Then, ( [ ]) = =
∑ ∑ ∑ ∑ ∑
= = → (1)
= = + −( − − )= + + − ,
= = − and
= = + + − ∴ = + + −
∴ from (1), ( [ ]) =
− {( + + − ) +( − ) +( + + − ) }+( + + − )
=
= → (a)
Now, ( − ) ( − ) ( − ) = ∑ ( + )− (∑ )−
www.ssmrmh.ro
− (∑ )+ (∑ +∑ )− → (2)
Now, ∑ ( + )=∑ (∑ − ) = (∑ ){(∑ ) − ( )} −
= (∑ )(∑ ) − ( − − )− → (2a)
Again, − (∑ )=− { + ( − − )} =
=− − ( − − ) → (2b)
Also, − ∑ =− + (∑ ) ∑ − ( ) =
=− − − ( )( )
= −(∑ ) ( ∑ )+ ( + + )− → (2c)
Moreover, (∑ +∑ )= {∑ ( − )} =
= ⋅ −
= ( + + )− → (2d)
(2), (2a), (2b), (2c), (2d) ⇒ ( − ) ( − ) ( − )
= − − ( − − )−
− ( − − )+ ( + + )− ( )
= − + − + − − − − − → (3)
( ) ( ) ( )
∴ = (from (3) → (b)
( ) ( ) ( )
(a), (b) ⇒ ( [ ]) =

STANCIU’S INEQUALITY
+ ≥
www.ssmrmh.ro
+ ⏞
≥ =
+ + −
= ≥ since ≤
Proof 2 by Kevin Soto Palacios – Huarmey
Probar en un triàngulo + ≥
Aplicando la desigualdad de Cauchy
+ ≥ = ≥ (LQQD)
Proof 3 by Serban George Florin-Romania
+ ≥ ; , > 0, + ≥
⇒ + ≥ =
+ + −
+ ≥ ≥ = ∘
+ − − +
⇒ ≥ ⇒ ≤ (A)
Proof 4 by Eliezer Okeke-Nigeria

( )
= = . It suffices to show
+ ≥ , consider ( ) = ; ( ) ≥ ∀ ∈ ( , )
www.ssmrmh.ro
( )( )
⇒ ( )= is convex ⇒ + ≥ =
(Proved)
( )= , ( )=−
( )= ( + ) > 0, ∀ ∈ ( , )
≥ ≥ ; ≥ ⋅
√
− ( + )≥ ⋅
⋅ + ⋅ − ⋅ ≤
⋅ + ⋅ ≤ ; ( − )≤ (proved)
+ ≥ ⋅ =
⋅
= ⋅ =
⋅( ( − )− ( + ))
= ⋅ ≥ ⋅ =
( − )+ +
www.ssmrmh.ro

SZOLLOSY’S INEQUALITY
( − )+ ( − )+ ( − )≤ √
Proof 1 by George Apostolopoulos-Messolonghi-Greece
From Cauchy – Schwarz Inequality, we have
( − )+ ( − )+ ( − ) ≤
≤( + + )( − + − + − )≤
( + + )⋅ ≤ ⋅ . Namely:
( − )+ ( − )+ ( − )≤ ⋅√
Equality holds when the triangle is equilateral.
Proof 2 by Serban George Florin-Romania
+ +
( − )≤ √ , =
( − ) = √ ⋅√ − ≤ √ √ − =
=( + + )( − )= ( + + )
⇒ ( − )≤√ ⋅√ + + ≤ ⋅√
⇒√ + + ≤ ⇒ + + =
+ + ≤ + + = − − ≤
⇒ ≤ + +
GERRETSEN ≤ + + |⋅
≤ + + ≤ + +
⇒ ≥ ⇒ ≥ (Euler)
www.ssmrmh.ro
( − ) ≤ ( + + )( − + − + − )
= ( + + )≤ √ [∵ + + ≤ ]
≤ |⋅ √
∑ ⋅ ⋅ ( − )≤ ⋅ (ASSURE)
⋅ ⋅ ( − )
( + )⋅ = ( + )⋅ =
+
≤ ( + ) ⋅ (∗ )
a) ∑( + ) = ⋅ (∑( + )) ≤ ⋅∑ ≤
b) ∑ =∑ ( − ) = ( − + − + − )=
(*); a); b) ⇒ ∑( + ) ⋅ ≤ ∑ ( + ) ⋅∑ ≤√ ⋅ = ⋅
Szollosy’s inequality. In a triangle let , , be the sides of the triangle,
its semiperimeter and the circumradius. Prove that
( − )+ ( − )+ ( − )≤ √ .
Solution. The stronger inequality
( − )+ ( − )+ ( − ) ≤ ( + )√
holds. We use an equivalent form of the Gerretsen’s inequality [1]
+ + ≤ ( + ) . By Cauchy – Schwarz, we get
( − )+ ( − )+ ( − )≤( + + ) ( − )+( − )+( − )

www.ssmrmh.ro
≤ ( + )√
which prove the inequality.

[1] M. Lukarevski, An alternate proof of Gerretsen’s inequalities, Elem. Math. 72,
(2017), 2-8
97. TEPPER’S IDENTITY
!= (− ) ( − ) , ∈ℝ
Proof by Ravi Prakash-New Delhi-India

We have
( − ) = (− ) ⇒ (− ) ( − ) =
= (− ) (− )
= (− ) (− )
We have
( + ) = ⇒ ( + ) =
⇒ ( + ) =
( + ) + ( − ) ( + ) =
www.ssmrmh.ro
⇒ ( + ) + ( − ) ( + ) =
⇒ ( + ) + ( − ) ( + ) + ( − )( − ) ( + ) =
Repeating above procedure times, we get
(− ) ( ) = ; ≤ ≤ −
⇒ (− ) = ; ≤ ≤ −
Also, ∑ (− ) = ( − ) ( !)
And ∑ (− ) = . Thus,
(− ) ( − ) = (− ) (− )
+(− ) (− )
= (− ) ( ) + (− ) ( )(− ) != !
98. In acute :
URSARESCU’S INEQUALITY
√ +√ +√
≥
+ +
www.ssmrmh.ro
√ = ⋅ √ ; = ⋅ √ −
√ √
∑ √ ∑ √ √ +√ +√
= ⋅ = ⋅ =
∑ ( − ) ( − )+ ⋅( − )
∑ ∑
√ +√ +√
= ⋅ ≥
∑ √ − + √ −
√ √
√ +√ +√
≥ ⋅ =
∑ + ⋅( − + − )
√ √
√ +√ +√
= ⋅ =
√ +√ +√
Proof 2 by Saptak Bhattacharya-Kolkata-India
To show ∑ √ ≥∑ ⇔∑ ≥∑
⇔ ≥
www.ssmrmh.ro
By Ravi transformation;
= Incentre; = + ; = + ; = + ; = ; To show,
∑ ≥ ∑ √ . Put = ; = ; = ;Now, ∑ ≥∑ =∑
Thus, ∑ ≥ ∑ √ (Proved)

( ) ( ) ( )
We have, = , = and =
where = semi – perimeter and = area of
√ +√ +√ + +
∴ =
( − ) ( − ) ( − )
+ + + +
√ +√ +√
=
( − )+ ( − )+ ( − )
√ √ √
= where =
√ √ √
Let + − = , + − = and + − = then

www.ssmrmh.ro
= , = and = , then we are left to prove
+ + √ +
≥ √ ⇔ ≥
√ √ √
which is true ∵ √ is concave ∴ ≥ (Proved)

( )
√ √ √
In any , ⏞
≥
( )
(1) ⇔ ∑ √ ⏞∑
≥
( − ) ( − ) −
= = ⋅ =
( − )( − )
Similarly, = and =
∴ (2) ⇔ + + ≥√ − +√ − +√ −
⇔√ +√ +√ ≥√ + − +√ + − +√ + − (3)
Now, √ ≥ ( + − )+√ + − (i)
⇔ ≥ + − + + − + ( + − )( + − )
⇔ ≥ ( + − )( + − )⇔ ≥ −( − )
⇔( − ) ≥ → true ⇒ (i) is true
www.ssmrmh.ro
( ) ( )
⏞ √ +
Similarly, √ ≥ ⏞ √ + −
− + √ + − , and, √ ≥ +
√ + −
(i) + (ii) + (iii) ⇒ (3) is true (Proved)
99. If > 1 then:
WILLIAMS-HARDY’S INEQUALITY
+
< ⋅
− +
Proof 1 by Thanasis Xenos-Greece
+
< ⋅ ⇔ ( + ) − ( + )( − )<0
− +
( )= ( + ) − ( + )( − ), ≥
( )= ( + ) − ( − )
( )= ⋅( + + − )
( )= + + − , ≥
( )= ( − + )≤ , ≤ −
↓ [ , +∞)
>1⇒ ( )< ( )= ⇒ ( )<0⇒ ↓ [ , +∞)
>1⇒ ( )< ( )= ⇒ ↓ [ , ∞)
>1⇒ ( )< ( )=
For ≥ , let
( + )( − ) ( + )( + − − )
( )= − = −
+ +
www.ssmrmh.ro
+ +
= + − − = + − − −
( + ) +
( )= + + −
( + )
= − + − + −
( + )
− − ( + ) − − ( + ) ( − )
= − − = ( − )−
( + ) ( + )
( − )
= [( + ) − ( + ) ]
( + )
( − )
= [ + + − − − ]
( + )
( − ) ( − ) ( − )
= [ ( − ) − ( − )] = ⋅ > 0 ∀ > 1
( + ) ( + )
Thus, ( ) > ( ) = ∀ > 1
( + )( − ) +
⇒ > ∀ > 1 ⇒ < ∀ > 1
+ − +
Let ( ) = − + − , for all ∈ ( , ∞)
( − )
∴ ( )= + + − −
+ ( + )
( + ) ( + + )− ( − ) − ( + )
= =
( + )
( + ) − ( + ) +
=
( + )
( − ) − + − + − ( − ) ( − − + )
= =
( + ) ( + )
www.ssmrmh.ro
( )
= ≥ . So, ( )≥ for all ∈ ( , ∞). Hence is increasing on
( )
( , ∞). ∴ ( ) > ( ) = ⇒ − + >
∴ ( )
> (proved)
100. In :
YANG’S INEQUALITY
( − ) ( − )
− + ≤ ≤ + + −
− −
Lemma. − + ( − ) − −√ − ≤ ≤
≤ + + − ( − ) − − − .
EYLER ⇒ < ≤
− − − =( − ) − − ≥
( − )
≥ ( − ) =
− ( − )
( − )( ) ( ) ( − )
− + ≤ ≤ + + −
− −
Rouche ⇒ ≥ + − − ( − )√ −
? ( − )
≥ − +
−
( − ) ?
⇔ − + − ≥ ( − ) −
−
www.ssmrmh.ro
( ) ?
⇔ ( − )( − )− ≥ ( − )√ − (i)
?
∵ − ≥ , ∴ it suffices to prove: ( − ) − ≥ √ −
?
⇔ ( − ) − > ( − ) −
? ?
⇔( − + ) > ( − ) ( − )⇔ > → true ⇒ is true
Again, Rouche ⇒ ≤ + − + ( − )√ −
? ( − )
≤ + + −
−
( − )
⇔ − + − ≥ ( − ) −
−
which is (i) and which has been proved earlier ⇒ (2) is true (Proved)
www.ssmrmh.ro
Its nice to be important but more important its to be

nice
At this paper works a TEAM
This is RMM TEAM
To be continued!
Daniel Sitaru

Pressed

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Pressed

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Pressed

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

RMM - Famous Inequalities Marathon 1 - 100

ROM A N IA N MAT HEMAT IC AL MAG AZINE

Anderson’s inequality, Arkady’s inequality, Arslangic-Milosevic’s inequality

inequality, Sandovici's inequality, Shan He Wu's inequality, Sondat's identity,

1. In the following relationship holds:

Solution 1 by Soumava Chakraborty-Kolkata-India

→ (Válido por desgiualdad de Schur)

Solution by Soumava Chakraborty – Kolkata – India

which is true ∵ ≥ (Euler) (Proved)

Proof 1 by Soumava Chakraborty-Kolkata-India

< < or, + =

when ( )= , ( )=− − + at = , ( ) attains a minima

⇒ (1) is proved and hence proved the

Proof 2 by Kunihiko Chikaya-Tokyo-Japan

Let = , = < < , then the given inequality can be

⇔ ( )= − ≤ − √ , which is true, because ( ) < ( ) ≤ √ for

Proof 4 by Imad Zak-Saida-Lebanon

+ ≥ which is obviously true " = " at = , = √

Proof 1 by Adil Abdullayev-Baku-Azerbaidjian

Proof 2 by Soumava Chakraborty-Kolkata-India

Proof 1 by Kevin Soto Palacios –Huarmey- Peru

Es bien conocido que: ( + + )= + +

Por la desigualdad de Cauchy:

Proof 4 by Marian Dinca-Romania

Euler identity, use Vandermonde determinant

{ , , }→ − , − , − the following identity:

Proof 5 by Hung Nguyen Viet-Hanoi City-Vietnam

By expanding ⃗⋅ ⃗+ ⃗ ≥ with note that

In , sides are = , = , = , and medians are

Bager’s inequality – 1 states that:

Applying Bager’s inequality – 1 to ,

6. In the following relationship holds:

Proof by Adil Abdullayev – Baku – Azerbaidian

Let’s first show that: ≤ − (1)

Improved Euclidean Isoperimetric Triangle Inequality and (1) is proved.

Proof by Kevin Soto Palacios – Huarmey – Peru

Probar en un triángulo no obtusángulo:

Por la desigualdad de Cauchy:

Por transitividad se obtiene:

9. If , , ∈ ℝ, > 0 then in the following relationship holds:

Proof 1 by Kevin Soto Palacios-Huarmey-Peru

Proof 2 by Ravi Prakash-New Delhi-India

Divide by and write it as

Proof by Soumava Chakraborty – Kolkata – India

⇔ ≤ ⇔√ ≤ + → true (Trucht’s Inequality)

11. In the following relationship holds:

Proof by Pirkuliyev Rovsen-Sumgait-Azerbaijan

12. In the following relationship holds:

Proof by Kevin Soto Palacios – Huarmey – Peru

13. In the following relationship holds:

Proof 1 by Kevin Soto Palacios – Huarmey – Peru

1) Siendo , , los lados de un triángulo, se cumple lo siguiente:

(Lo cual es muy conocido)

Desde que: ∑( − ) ≥ , nos resulta:

14. In ∆ the following relationship holds:

15. In ∆ the following relationship holds:

16. In the following relationship holds:

Proof 5 by Soumitra Moukherjee-Chandar Nagore-India

from statement (1) is proved