Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 70 views

    NDTM 2 LPT 200818082453 PDF

    Uploaded by

    MECHANICAL SMCET
    Liquid penetrant testing (LPT) is a nondestructive testing method used to detect surface-breaking defects in materials. It involves applying a liquid penetrant to the surface, removing excess penetrant, and applying a developer which draws penetrant from defects to the surface. The key steps are cleaning, penetrant application, excess removal, developer application, examination and evaluation, and post-cleaning. LPT is useful for detecting small surface defects but has limitations in that it only detects surface issues and parts must be properly cleaned. It is commonly used to inspect aircraft engine parts, tools, dies and pressure vessels.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    NDTM 2 LPT 200818082453 PDF

    Uploaded by

    MECHANICAL SMCET
    70 views21 pages
    Liquid penetrant testing (LPT) is a nondestructive testing method used to detect surface-breaking defects in materials. It involves applying a liquid penetrant to the surface, removing excess penetrant, and applying a developer which draws penetrant from defects to the surface. The key steps are cleaning, penetrant application, excess removal, developer application, examination and evaluation, and post-cleaning. LPT is useful for detecting small surface defects but has limitations in that it only detects surface issues and parts must be properly cleaned. It is commonly used to inspect aircraft engine parts, tools, dies and pressure vessels.

    Original Title

    ndtm-2-lpt-200818082453.pdf

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Liquid penetrant testing (LPT) is a nondestructive testing method used to detect surface-breaking defects in materials. It involves applying a liquid penetrant to the surface, removing excess penetrant, and applying a developer which draws penetrant from defects to the surface. The key steps are cleaning, penetrant application, excess removal, developer application, examination and evaluation, and post-cleaning. LPT is useful for detecting small surface defects but has limitations in that it only detects surface issues and parts must be properly cleaned. It is commonly used to inspect aircraft engine parts, tools, dies and pressure vessels.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    70 views21 pages

    NDTM 2 LPT 200818082453 PDF

    Uploaded by

    MECHANICAL SMCET
    Liquid penetrant testing (LPT) is a nondestructive testing method used to detect surface-breaking defects in materials. It involves applying a liquid penetrant to the surface, removing excess penetrant, and applying a developer which draws penetrant from defects to the surface. The key steps are cleaning, penetrant application, excess removal, developer application, examination and evaluation, and post-cleaning. LPT is useful for detecting small surface defects but has limitations in that it only detects surface issues and parts must be properly cleaned. It is commonly used to inspect aircraft engine parts, tools, dies and pressure vessels.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 21

    Unit-2

    SURFACE NDE METHODS


    LPT
    By
    GODWIN PITHALIS N E
    UNIT II SURFACE NDE METHODS
    Liquid Penetrant Testing - Principles, types and
    properties of liquid penetrants, developers,
    advantages and limitations of various methods,
    Testing Procedure, Interpretation of results.
    Magnetic Particle Testing- Theory of magnetism,
    inspection materials Magnetisation methods,
    Interpretation and evaluation of test indications,
    Principles and methods of demagnetization,
    Residual magnetism.
    Introduction
    •Penetrant Testing, or PT, is a nondestructive
    testing method that builds on the principle
    of Visual Inspection.
    •PT increases the
    “seeability” of small
    discontinuities that
    the human eye might
    not be able to detect
    alone.
    •In penetrant testing, a liquid with high
    surface wetting characteristics is applied to
    the surface of a component under test.

    •The penetrant “penetrates” into surface


    breaking discontinuities via capillary action
    and other mechanisms.

    •Excess penetrant is removed from the surface


    and a developer is applied to pull trapped
    penetrant back the surface.

    •With good inspection technique, visual


    indications of any discontinuities present
    become apparent.
    1. Pre-Cleaning or Surface Preparation
    2. Penetrant Application
    3. Excess Penetrant Removal
    4. Developer Application
    5. Examination, Interpretation and Evaluation
    6. Post-process cleaning
    Stages of LPT 4) Apply Developer
    1) Clean & Dry Component
    2) Apply Penetrant

    5) Examination, & Evaluation

    3) Remove Excess

    6) Post Clean Component


    • Parts must be free of dirt, rust, scale, oil,
    grease, etc. to perform a reliable inspection.

    • The cleaning process must remove


    contaminants from the surfaces of the part and
    defects, and must not plug any of the defects.
    Many methods of
    application are
    possible such as:
    – Brushing
    – Spraying
    – Dipping/
    Immersing
    – Flow-on
    – And more

    •Dwell Time
    •Sufficient time is allowed
    for the penetrant to enter
    any discontinuity open to
    the surface
    The removal technique depends upon the type of
    penetrant used, as stated earlier…
    – Water Washable
    – Solvent Removable
    – Post Emulsifiable
    •A coarse water spray is used to remove the excess
    penetrant.
    •The procedure used as a guideline for the
    inspection will specify water temperature (typically
    50-100°F) and pressure (typically not more than 40
    psi), etc.
    •The part is wiped with a clean dry cloth to remove the
    bulk of the excess penetrant.
    •Then, a cloth lightly dampened with solvent is used to
    remove any remaining penetrant on the surface
    •Suitable flash time is required to allow excess solvent
    to evaporate
    •When there is concern about removing much
    of the penetrant from the defect, a post
    emulsifiable system is used.
    •This involves an additional step in which an
    emulsifier is applied to the surface of the part
    after the penetrant dwell time.
    •The emulsifier is given just enough time to
    react with the penetrant on the surface
    to render it water washable but not enough
    time to diffuse into the penetrant trapped in
    the defects.
    The method of developer application is dependent
    on the type of developer used. The primary
    methods
    – Dry
    – Wet
    – Nonaqueous Wet
    Dry Powder Developer:
    •Prior to applying a dry powder developer, the
    component must be thoroughly dried. Drying is
    usually accomplished in a hot air circulating
    oven.
    •The developer is then applied by immersing the
    part in the powder or by dusting of the part with
    the powder.
    •The part can also be placed in a developer dust
    cloud chamber.
    •Wet developers are applied by immersing or
    spraying the part while it is still wet from the
    penetrant removal process.
    •The part is completely coated and the
    excess liquid allowed to drain to prevent
    pooling
    •The part is then dried in a hot air circulating
    oven.
    •Nonaqueous developer is applied by a aerosol
    spray to a thoroughly dried and cooled part.
    •A thin even coating should be applied. The
    coating should be white but still slightly
    transparent when performing a visible dye
    penetrant inspection, and even thinner when
    performing a fluorescent penetrant inspection.
    In this step the inspector evaluates the penetrant
    indications against specified accept/reject criteria and
    attempts to determine the origin of the indication.
    The indications are judged to be either relevant, non-
    relevant or false.
    A very important step of evaluation is to document
    findings on an inspection report form or other record
    keeping form.
    This may be supported with drawings or photos of
    indications, etc.
    The final step in the penetrant inspection
    process is to thoroughly clean the part that
    has been tested to remove all penetrant
    processing materials.
    The residual materials could possibly affect
    the performance of the part or affect its visual
    appeal
     Relative ease of use.

     •Can be used on a wide range of material types.


     •Large areas or large volumes of parts/materials
    can be inspected rapidly and at low cost.
     •Parts with complex geometries are routinely
    inspected.
     •Indications are produced directly on surface of
    the part providing a visual image of the
    discontinuity.
     •Initial equipment investment is low.
     •Only detects surface breaking defects.

     •Requires relatively smooth nonporous material.


     •Precleaning is critical. Contaminants can mask
    defects.
     •Requires multiple operations under controlled
    conditions.
     •Chemical handling precautions necessary
    (toxicity, fire, waste).
     •Metal smearing from machining, grinding and
    other operations inhibits detection. Materials
    may need to be etched prior to inspection.
     •Post cleaning is necessary to remove chemicals.
     Inspection of tools and die
     Inspection of Aircraft engine parts
     Inspection of tanks,vessels, reactors,
    piping,dryers and pumps etc

    You might also like