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    Wyncie Cariño
    Here is a draft bond paper on concrete as a building material: Concrete as a Building Material Concrete is a composite material composed of coarse aggregate bonded together with a fluid cement that hardens over time. Most concretes used are lime-based concretes such as Portland cement concrete or concretes made with other hydraulic cements, where the aggregate is gravel or crushed rocks. Concrete is the most widely used man-made construction material. Concrete is composed of three key components that contribute to its strength: Water (5 points) Water acts as a lubricant for the cement particles to flow freely over and around the aggregate when mixed. It initiates the chemical reaction of hydration that causes

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    Clay PDF

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    Wyncie Cariño
    25 views26 pages
    Here is a draft bond paper on concrete as a building material: Concrete as a Building Material Concrete is a composite material composed of coarse aggregate bonded together with a fluid cement that hardens over time. Most concretes used are lime-based concretes such as Portland cement concrete or concretes made with other hydraulic cements, where the aggregate is gravel or crushed rocks. Concrete is the most widely used man-made construction material. Concrete is composed of three key components that contribute to its strength: Water (5 points) Water acts as a lubricant for the cement particles to flow freely over and around the aggregate when mixed. It initiates the chemical reaction of hydration that causes

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    Here is a draft bond paper on concrete as a building material: Concrete as a Building Material Concrete is a composite material composed of coarse aggregate bonded together with a fluid cement that hardens over time. Most concretes used are lime-based concretes such as Portland cement concrete or concretes made with other hydraulic cements, where the aggregate is gravel or crushed rocks. Concrete is the most widely used man-made construction material. Concrete is composed of three key components that contribute to its strength: Water (5 points) Water acts as a lubricant for the cement particles to flow freely over and around the aggregate when mixed. It initiates the chemical reaction of hydration that causes

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    25 views26 pages

    Clay PDF

    Uploaded by

    Wyncie Cariño
    Here is a draft bond paper on concrete as a building material: Concrete as a Building Material Concrete is a composite material composed of coarse aggregate bonded together with a fluid cement that hardens over time. Most concretes used are lime-based concretes such as Portland cement concrete or concretes made with other hydraulic cements, where the aggregate is gravel or crushed rocks. Concrete is the most widely used man-made construction material. Concrete is composed of three key components that contribute to its strength: Water (5 points) Water acts as a lubricant for the cement particles to flow freely over and around the aggregate when mixed. It initiates the chemical reaction of hydration that causes

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    CERAMICS

    & CLAY
    PRODUCTS
    DEFINITION

    • stiff
    • sticky fine-grained earth
    • typically yellow, red, or bluish-gray in color
    • often forming an impermeable layer in the
    soil

    It can be molded when wet, and is dried


    and baked to make bricks, pottery, and
    ceramics.

    CLAY
    CLAY
    3 PRINCIPAL FORMS

    SURFACE CLAY
    Found near the surface of the earth

    SHALE CLAY
    Subjected to high pressure until become relatively hard

    FIRE CLAY
    Found at deeper levels
    Usually have more uniform physical and chemical qualities
    PRODUCTS MADE OF CLAY

    CERAMICS
    materials produced with clay and introduced in an oven

    BRICKS
    Pieces of cooked clay of prismatic form pierced

    TILES
    Pieces of cooked clay utilized in covers or roofs
    TERRA-COTTA
    • Terra-cotta, meaning “fired earth”, is a clay product
    which has been used for architectural decorative
    purposes since the days of ancient Greece and
    Rome. Modern terra-cotta is machine extruded and
    moulded or pressed. The machine made product,
    usually refer to as a ceramic veneer, is a unit with
    flat face and flat or ribbed back. The moulded or
    pressed units, called architectural terra-cotta, are
    available in sculptured, as well as plain faces.
    BRICK BOND

    BONDING
    process of overlapping bricks
    BRICK BOND
    The manner in which bricks are arranged in a wall is obviously of great
    importance to the appearance and strength.

    INCORRECT WAY OF ARRANGING BRICKS


    This picture shows the correct arrangement of bricks showing
    the overlapping of bricks due to insertion of closer next to
    the corner brick.
    This makes the wall to act as a homogeneous body

    CORRECT ARRANGEMENT OF BRICKS


    • English
    • Double Flemish
    • Single Flemish
    • Heading
    • Stretching
    • Rat trap bond
    • Garden Wall

    DIFFERENT SYSTEMS OF BONDING


    ENGLISH BOND

     The facing bricks are laid in alternate courses of


    headers and stretchers.
    Queen-closer inserted next to quoin-headers to
    produce overlap.
     English bond is the strongest.

    DISADVANTAGE:
     Penetration of damp through transverse joints.
     Appearance not as good as Flemish bond.
    FLEMISH BOND ADVANTAGES OF FLEMISH BOND:
     It is highly economical.
    Walls one brick in thickness are easier to
    produce a fair face on both sides in Flemish
    than in English bond.
    1. Double Flemish bond The appearance of Flemish bond is more
    2. Single Flemish bond appealing to eye than that of English bond.

    The headers and stretchers


    alternate in each course.
     The lap is produced by placing a
    queen-closer next to the quoin-
    header in every course.
    Flemish bond is weaker than
    English bond.
    HEADING OR HEADER BOND
     Heading or Header Bond is laid on headers.
     Used for round quick sweeps
    Should never be used in straight work, as it is very weak
    STRETCHING OR STRETCHER BOND
     Bricks are laid in stretchers, as in the figure below.
    Used in walls of half-brick in thickness.
    Due to its constant occurrence in the last position it is also called
    Chimney Bond.
    GARDEN-WALL BOND
     Used for 9 inch walls.
    Used when a fair face is required on both sides.
     Wall is composed of three or four courses of stretchers alternating
    with one of headers, as in the figure below.
    RAT TRAP BOND
     It is made by placing the bricks on their sides having a cavity of 4″
    (100 mm)
     Alternate course of stretchers and headers.
     It is still used in India as an economical bond.
    Stretcher Bond
    HEADER
    Stacked Bond - Bricks stacked on top of each other in vertical rows
    Rowlock -
    laid on face,
    end visible

    Stretcher - long dimension horizontal


    & face parallel to the wall

    Soldier - Laid on its end, face parallel


    BRICK PAVING PATTERN
    BRICK PAVING PATTERN
    TILES
    TILES
    TILES
    Assessment Task:
    Long Bond Paper/ Yellow paper:

    1. What is concrete as a building materials? Give


    the definition and discuss. (5 points)

    2. Describe the 3 components/ composition of


    concrete and discuss the importance of these
    compositions when it comes to concrete strength.

    a. Water (5 points)
    b. Cement (5 points)
    c. Aggregates (5 points)

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