Lec 1 PDF

Lecture No 01
Semester: 1st A
Engineering Technology
Subject Title
Mathematics-I
Recommended BOOKS
• Calculus by Thomas Finney
• Schaum’s series, Calculus, Schaum’s Series(Latest Edition)
• Schaum’s series, Complex, Variables Va Schaum’s series,
(Latest Edition)
• Antom, H. Calculus and Analytic Geometry, John Wiley
and Sons (Latest Edition)
• Talpur, Calculus and Analytic Geometry, Ferozsons (Latest
Edition)
• Yousuf, S.M. Mathematical Methods, Ilmi Kutab Khana
(Latest Edition)
COURSE CONTENTS
Weeks Planned Topics
Week 1: Complex numbers
Week 2: Argand diagram,
Week 3: De Moivre‟s theorem,
Week 4: Hyperbolic and inverse hyperbolic functions.
Week 5: Algebra of vectors and matrices, systems of linear equations.
Week 6: Derivative as slope, as rate of change (graphical representation).
Extreme values, tangents and normals, curvature and radius of
Week 7:
curvature.
Week 8: Differentiation as approximation.
Partial derivatives and their application to extreme values and
Week 9:
approximation
Week 10: Integration by substitution and by parts,
Week 11: Integration by parts
integration and definite integration as area under curve (graphical
Week 12:
representation). Reduction formulae
Week 13: Double integration and its applications
Week 14: Polar and Cartesian coordinates
Week 15: Polar curves, radius of curvature
Week 16: cycloid, hypocycloid, epicycloids and involutes of a circle
Today’s Topic
Complex Number
Lecture Contents
At the end of this lecture, students will be able to understand:
 History
 Number System
 Complex Numbers
 Operations on Complex Numbers
History
 Complex numbers were ﬁrst introduced by G.

Cardano
 R. Bombelli introduced the symbol 𝑖.
 A. Girard called “solutions impossible”.
 C. F.Gauss called “complex number”

(ComplexNumber) 6
Number System
Imaginary
Real Numbers
Number
Irrational Rational
Number Number
Natural Whole
Integer
Number Number
(ComplexNumber) 7
Complex Numbers
• A complex number is a number that can b express in

the form of"a+b𝒊".
• Where a and b are real number and 𝑖 is an imaginary.
• In this expression, a is the real part and b is the

imaginary part of complex number.
(ComplexNumber) 8
Complex Number
When we combine the real and
imaginary number then
complex number isform.
Real Imaginary Complex

Number Number Number
Complex Number
• A complex number has a real part and an imaginary part,
But either part can be 0 .
• So, all real number and Imaginary number are also
complex number.
(ComplexNumber) 10
Complex Numbers
Complex number convert our visualization into physical things.
(ComplexNumber) 11
COMPLEX NUMBERS
A complex number is a number consisting

of a Real and Imaginary part.
It can be written in the form
i  1
COMPLEX NUMBERS
 Why complex numbers are introduced???
Equations like x2=-1 do not have a solution within
the real numbers
x 2  1
x  1
i  1
i  1
2
COMPLEX CONJUGATE
 The COMPLEX CONJUGATE of a complex number

z = x + iy, denoted by z* , is given by
z* = x – iy
 The Modulus or absolute value
is defined by
z x y 2 2
COMPLEX NUMBERS
Equal complex numbers
Two complex numbers are equal if their

real parts are equal and their imaginary
parts are equal.
If a + bi = c + di,
then a = c and b = d
ADDITION OF COMPLEX NUMBERS
(abi)(cdi) (ac)(bd)i
Imaginary Axis
EXAMPLE
z2
z sum
z1
(2  3i)  (1 5i)
z2
 (2 1)  (3  5)i Real Axis
 3  8 i
SUBTRACTION OF COMPLEX
NUMBERS
(abi)(cdi) (ac)(bd)i
Imaginary Axis
Example z1 z2
( 2  3 i )  (1  5 i ) z2
zdiff
 ( 2  1 )  (3  5)i z2
Real Axis
 1  2i
MULTIPLICATION OF COMPLEX
NUMBERS
(a bi)(c di)  (acbd)(ad bc)i
Example
(2  3i)(1 5i)
 ( 2  1 5 )  (10  3)i
 13 13i
DIVISION OFACOMPLEX
NUMBERS
a  bi  
a  bi   c  di 
c  di  c  di  c  di 
ac  adi  bci  bdi 2

c d
2 2
ac  bd  bc  ad i

c d
2 2
EXAMPLE
6  7 i  
 6  7 i   1  2 i 
1  2 i  1  2 i  1  2 i 
6  12i  7i  14i 2 6  1 4  5i
 
1  2
2 2
1 4
2 0  5i 2 0 5i
    4 i
5 5 5
Assignment #1
Solve the following
(1+3i)+(2+5i)
(1+3i)-(2+5i)
(1+3i)x(2+5i)
(1+3i)÷(2+5i)

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Lecture No 01

 Complex numbers were ﬁrst introduced by G.

 R. Bombelli introduced the symbol 𝑖.

 A. Girard called “solutions impossible”.

 C. F.Gauss called “complex number”

• A complex number is a number that can b express in

• Where a and b are real number and 𝑖 is an imaginary.

• In this expression, a is the real part and b is the

Real Imaginary Complex

A complex number is a number consisting

It can be written in the form

 The COMPLEX CONJUGATE of a complex number

Equal complex numbers

Two complex numbers are equal if their

Solve the following

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