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    Anatomy and Embryology of The Pharynx1.pps

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    Немосјановић Ћудмила
    The document summarizes the anatomy and embryology of the pharynx. During embryological development, the pharynx is formed from pharyngeal arches, pouches, and clefts. The pharyngeal arches contribute to structures of the face, neck, and throat. The pharynx is divided into three parts - nasopharynx, oropharynx, and hypopharynx. It is lined by mucosa and contains muscles that aid in swallowing and speech. The pharynx serves respiratory, digestive, and protective functions in the throat.

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    Anatomy and Embryology of The Pharynx1.pps

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    Немосјановић Ћудмила
    164 views27 pages
    The document summarizes the anatomy and embryology of the pharynx. During embryological development, the pharynx is formed from pharyngeal arches, pouches, and clefts. The pharyngeal arches contribute to structures of the face, neck, and throat. The pharynx is divided into three parts - nasopharynx, oropharynx, and hypopharynx. It is lined by mucosa and contains muscles that aid in swallowing and speech. The pharynx serves respiratory, digestive, and protective functions in the throat.

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    Anatomy and Embryology of the Pharynx1.pps

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    The document summarizes the anatomy and embryology of the pharynx. During embryological development, the pharynx is formed from pharyngeal arches, pouches, and clefts. The pharyngeal arches contribute to structures of the face, neck, and throat. The pharynx is divided into three parts - nasopharynx, oropharynx, and hypopharynx. It is lined by mucosa and contains muscles that aid in swallowing and speech. The pharynx serves respiratory, digestive, and protective functions in the throat.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPS, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pps, pdf, or txt
    164 views27 pages

    Anatomy and Embryology of The Pharynx1.pps

    Uploaded by

    Немосјановић Ћудмила
    The document summarizes the anatomy and embryology of the pharynx. During embryological development, the pharynx is formed from pharyngeal arches, pouches, and clefts. The pharyngeal arches contribute to structures of the face, neck, and throat. The pharynx is divided into three parts - nasopharynx, oropharynx, and hypopharynx. It is lined by mucosa and contains muscles that aid in swallowing and speech. The pharynx serves respiratory, digestive, and protective functions in the throat.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPS, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pps, pdf, or txt
    of 27

    Anatomy and

    Embryology of the
    Pharynx
    Embryology
    Components of
    branchial/pharyngeal
    apparatus:
    1) Pharyngeal arches
    2) Pharyngeal pouches
    3) Pharyngeal
    clefts/grooves
    Pharyngeal (branchial) arches
     Derived from neural crest cells
     Resemble fish gills (branchia)
     Begin to develop early in the 4th week
     By end of 4th week, four pairs of arches are
    visible on the surface (not 5th and 6th ) and a
    buccopharyngeal membrane ruptures forming
    communication between primitive oral cavity and
    foregut
    Pharyngeal arches (cont.)
     Contribute to the
    formation of the neck as
    well as the face.
     Visible structures at 42
    weeks:
    1st arch: mandibular
    prominence, maxillary
    prominences, and the
    frontonasal prominence
    Pharyngeal arches (cont.)
     Core of mesenchymal tissue
    covered by surface ectoderm
    (outside) and by endodermal
    epithelium (inside)
     Ectoderm -> skeletal
     Mesoderm -> muscles with
    accompanying nerve
     Arterial component (aortic
    arches)
     Therefore, each arch carries
    nerve, muscle, bone and blood
    supply
    First pharyngeal arch

     Maxillary process (dorsal)


     Premaxilla, maxilla, zygomatic bone, portion
    of temporal bone
     Mandibular process (ventral)
     Contains Meckel’s cartilage which disappears
    except for dorsal end (incus & malleus) and
    mandible
    First pharyngeal arch
     Muscles of mastication, digastric (ant
    belly), mylohyoid, tensor tympani and
    tensor palatini
     Therefore, the accompanying motor nerve
    is the mandibular branch of trigeminal (V2)
    and sensory are V1, V2, and V3
     1st aortic arch practically disappears but
    forms the maxillary artery
    Second pharyngeal arch
     Reichert’s cartilage – stapes, styloid process,
    stylohyoid ligament, lesser horn and upper part
    of the hyoid
     Muscles include: stapedius, stylohyoid, digastric
    (post belly), auricular, and those of facial
    expression
     Facial nerve (CN VII)
     2nd aortic arch – stapedial & hyoid arteries
    Third pharyngeal arch
     Cartilaginous contributions include greater horn
    and lower part of hyoid
     Sole muscle: stylopharyngeus
     CN IX (Glossopharyngeal nerve)
     3rd aortic arch (quite large): common carotid, 1st
    portion of internal carotid (remainder dorsal
    aorta), and external carotid
    Fourth & sixth pharyngeal arch
     Cartilaginous contributions to larynx derived from fusion:
    thyroid, cricoid, arytenoid, corniculate, and cuneiform
     Muscles of 4th: cricothyroid, levator palatini, and
    pharyngeal constrictors are innervated by SLN (CN X)
     Muscles of 6th: intrinsics of larynx are innervated by RLN
    (CN X)
     4th aortic arch: L->arch of aorta & R->subclavian
     6th aortic arch: L & R pulmonary with ductus arteriosus
    on left
    Pharyngeal pouches (5)
     1st:tubotympanic recess->
    middle ear & eustacian
    tube -> TM
     2nd palatine tonsil/fossa
     3rd: inferior parathyroid
    (dorsal), thymus (ventral)
     4th: superior parathyroid
     5th: ultimobranchial body
    -> calcitonin producing C
    cells (parafollicular)
    Pharyngeal clefts/grooves (4)
     1st: external auditory
    meatus
     2nd-4th : epicardial
    ridge and cervical
    sinus (disappears)
    Anatomy of the pharynx
    Anatomy (cont.)
     Extends from base of skull to inferior
    border of cricoid cartilage anteriorly and
    inferior border of C6 posteriorly
     Widest portion (5cm) at hyoid
     Narrowest portion (1.5cm) at caudal end
     Divided into 3 parts: nasopharynx,
    oropharynx, and laryngo(hypo)pharynx
    Nasopharynx
     Respiratory function
     Anterior: choana (posterior nasal aperture)
     Posterior: pharyngobasilar membrane and
    superior constrictor muscle
     Superior: basilar portion of occipital bone
     Inferior: soft palate
    Oropharynx
     Digestive function
     Anterior: anterior tonsillar pillar
     Posterior: superior constrictor
     Superior: soft palate
     Inferior: base of tongue, superior epiglottis
     Laterally: palatoglossal and
    palatopharyngeal arches
    Hypopharynx
     Lies posterior to the larynx
     Superior: superior border of epiglottis and
    pharyngoepiglottic folds
     Inferior: inferior border of the cricoid
     Posterior/lateral: middle & inferior
    constrictors, bodies of C4-C6
     Anterior: laryngeal inlet
    Pharyngeal muscles
    Pharyngeal muscles
     External circular and internal longitudinal
    (opposite in remainder of GI tract)
     External: 3 constrictors (CN XI via X and
    ELN/RLN for middle and inferior) function to
    constrict wall of pharynx during swallow
     Internal: palatopharyngeus and
    salpingopharyngeus (CN XI via X) and
    stylopharyngeus (CN IX) act to elevate pharynx
    and larynx during speech/swallow
    Pharyngeal muscles
     Tensor veli palatini (V3) tenses soft palate
    & opens ET during yawn/swallow
     Levator veli palatini (CN XI via X) elevates
    palate during swallow/yawn
     Palatoglossus (CN XI via X) approximates
    tongue and soft palate
    Pharyngeal muscles
    Pharyngeal lymphatic drainage
     Oral cavity
     I, II, III
     Oro/hypopharynx
     deep II, III, IV
     Nasopharynx
     II, V, III
    Pharyngeal vessels
    Afferent innervation of pharynx

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