Abhidhammatthasangraha PDF

Awfa¤§©v_©-msMÖn 1
Awfa¤§©v_©-msMÖn
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kªxgr- c~Y© †R¨vwZ wf¶z
ivR eb wenvi, iv½vgvwU|
cÖ“d ms‡kva‡bt
kªxgr- Ávb wcÖq wf¶z
kªxgr- c~Y© †R¨vwZ wf¶z
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ZvwiLt- 22†k Ryb 2001 Bs‡iRx|

8B Avlvp 1408 evsjv|
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cvwjfvlvq weiwPZ cwifvlv-RvZxq Awfa¤§© MÖš’mg~‡ni g‡a¨

AvPvh©¨ Abyiæ×-K…Z ÒAwfa¤§Ì-m½‡niÓ ¯’vb AwZ D‡”P|
MÖ‡š’i bvgvbymv‡i Bnv Awfa‡¤§©i GKwU A_©-msMÖn ev mvi-
msMÖn| `vwÿYv‡Zï †Pvj †`kevmx AvPvh©¨ ey×`Ë-K…Z
Òiƒcviƒc-wefvMÓ G RvZxq GKLvwb ÿz`ªKvq c~eŸ©eË©x MÖš’|
ÒAwfa¤§Ì-m½‡niÓ iPwqZv AvPvh©¨ Abyiæ×I `vwÿYvZëvmx|
MÖš’Ø‡qi Zzjbv Kwi‡j †`Lv hvq, Abyiæ×-K…Z ÒAwfa¤§Ì-
m½‡niÓ welq-web¨vm wbcyYZi Ges Bnvi cwi‡”Q‡ì msL¨vI
AwaKZi| mgMÖ Awfa¤§-wcUK Ges Dnvi A_©-K_vwì
(fvl¨vwì) g‡a¨ Awfa¤§©-msµvšÍ †h mKj welq mwbœweó,
e¨vL¨vZ I Av‡jvwPZ nBqv‡Q H mg‡¯Íi mvi-m¼jb
ÒAwfa¤§Ì-m½‡nÓ| Dciš‘ AvPvh©¨ Abyiæ‡×i MÖ‡š’ Awfa¤§©-
cÖwZcv`¨ welqmg~‡ni AwZwi³ wePvi Ges Av‡jvPbvI `„ó nq|
GB MÖ‡š’i we‡klZ¡ GB †h, cvwj Awfa¤§©-mvwn‡Zï g‡a¨
hyMci¤úivq mwÂZ I cwiew×©Z Awfa¤§©-Ávb Bnv‡Z GKUv
cwiYZ AvKvi aviY Kwiqv‡Q| cÖavbZt BnviB Dci wbf©i
Kwiqv DËiKv‡j wmsnj, k¨vg I eªþ‡`k, we‡klZt †k‡lv³
†`‡k, Awfa‡¤§©i ZË¡ mg~n Av‡jvwPZ nBqv Avwm‡Z‡Q| ïay
cvwj‡ZB Bnvi Dci PvwiLvwb UxKvMÖš’ weiwPZ nBqv‡Q; h_vtø
(1) wmsn‡ji ¯’wei wegjeyw×-K…Z Ò†cvivY-UxKvÓ, (2) myg½j-
K…Z ÒAwfa¤§Ì-wefvebxÓ, (3) eªþ‡`kxq ¯’wei
m×¤§‡RvwZcvj-K…Z Òms‡Lc-eYœbvÓ, Ges (4) †jwW mvqv`-
K…Z ÒcigÌ-`xcbxÓ| GZØ¨ZxZ eªþ‡`kxq fvlvq weiwPZ
UxKv, `xcbx, gay, MwÜ I Av‡KŠ MYbvZxZ ewj‡jI P‡j|
eË©gvb mg‡q ci‡jvKMZ †kv‡q Rvb& AuvI (Shwe Zan
Aung) Zuvnvi æCompendium of Buddhist
Philosophy” bvgK myweL¨vZ Bs‡iRx MÖ‡š’ Ges Bnvi my`xN©
f‚wgKvq ÒAwfa¤§Ì-m½nÓ Ges cvwj ÒAwfa‡¤§©iÓ AwZ wek`

I my›ì cwiPq w`qv‡Qb| DnviB mvnv‡h¨ m¤úÖwZ eªþPvix
†Mvwe›` R¤§©Y-fvlvq ÒAwfa¤§Ì-m½‡niÓ Abyev` I mviv_©
cÖKvk Kwiqv‡Qb| wmsnj nB‡Z Wvt †W wmj&fv BsivRx fvlvq,
D³ MÖ‡š’i †h Abyev` I Zvrch©¨ cÖKvk Kwiqv‡Qb, Zvnv †kv‡q
Rvb& AvuI‡qi MÖ‡š’iB ûeû bKj, A_P Zb¥‡a¨ fz‡jI †Kv_vI
Zuvnvi bvg ch©¨šÍ D‡jøL Kiv nq bvB|
evsjv-fvlvq GB MÖ‡š’i wek` e¨vL¨v m‡gZ my‡eva¨ Abyev‡ì
GKvšÍ Afve wQj| BwZc~‡eŸ© kª‡×q Wvt ivgP›`ª eo–qv gnvkqB
meŸ©v‡MÖ GB `yiƒn Kv‡h©¨ eªZx nBqvwQ‡jb| Zuvnvi cy¯‡Í Ki Aci
¸Yv¸Y hvnvB nDK bv †Kb, Zvnv‡Z mydj GB nBqvwQj †h,
Zvnv ØvivømyMfxi Awfa¤§©-Ávbc~Y© ÒAwfa¤§©v_©-msMÖ‡niÓ cÖwZ
Rb-mvavi‡Yi `„wó AvK…ó nq|
†h w`b eË©gvb Abyev`K kª‡×q kªxhy³ ex‡i›`ªjvj gyrmywÏ
gnvkq cybivq ÒAwfa¤§Ì-m½‡niÓ Abyev` Kv‡h©¨ eªZx
nBqv‡Qb Rvwb‡Z cvwi, †m w`b nB‡Z we‡kl Avkv I AvMÖ‡ni
mwnZ m¤ú~Y© AvKv‡i Zvnv gyw`ªZ †`wLevi Rb¨ Awfjvlx nB|
Zuvnvi cÖwZ Avgvi mwbeŸ©Ü Aby‡iva GB wQj, †hb Zvnvi
Abyev` I e¨vLv hZ`~i m¤¢e mnR I cÖvÄj, wek` I my‡eva¨
nq| g~jMÖš’ Ges Bnvi Av‡jvP¨ welq¸wj †hiƒc `yieMvn, Avwg
Avkv Kwi‡Z cvwi bvB †h, wZwb Giƒc `ÿZvi mwnZ Zvnv
evsjvi cvVKM‡Yi wbKU Dcw¯’Z Kwi‡Z cvwi‡eb| Z‡e fimv
GB wQj †h, gyrmwÏ gnvkq ïay evsjv fvlvq my‡jLK b‡nb,
wZwb eªþ‡`kxq fvlvqI we‡kl cvi`k©x| we‡klZt Kvh©¨
e¨c‡`‡k wZwb eû ermi Awfa¤§©-P”P©vi cÖavb †ÿÎ eªþ‡`‡k
evm Kwiqv, Z_vKvi AwfÁ I L¨vZbvgv Awfavw¤§©KM‡Yi
mvwbœa¨ jv‡f Awfa¤§© Aa¨qb I Av‡jvPbvi my‡hvM¸wj MÖnY
KwiqvwQ‡jb| ¯^‡`‡k wdwiqv Avmvi ciI wZwb Zuvnvi `xN© K¤§©-

Rxe‡bi wewea AšÍiv‡qi g‡aÏ h_vmva¨ Awfa¤§© Av‡jvPbv
Kwiqv‡Qb| GZw`b c‡i Zuvnvi Øviv `ytmva¨ Kvh©¨wU myPviæiƒ‡c
m¤úvw`Z nBqv‡Q| Zuvnvi Abyev` I e¨vL¨v¸wj cvV Kwiqv
evsjvi cvVK-cvwVKv Awfa‡¤§©i wbM~p ZË¡mg~‡n Abvqv‡m
cÖ‡ekvwaKvi jvf Kwi‡eb| mZ¨B Zuvnvi Øviv evsjvi GKwU
gnv Afve c~Y© nB‡Z Pwjqv‡Q †`wLqv ü`‡q cigvb›` Abyfe
Kwi‡ZwQ| wZwb Avgv‡K Zuvnvi GB Ag~j¨ Ges mviMe&f©
cy¯‡Í Ki ÒgyLeÜÓ wjwL‡Z Aby‡iva Kwiqv Avgv‡K hvici bvB
evwaZ I AbyM„nxZ Kwiqv‡Qb|
¯^bvgab¨ cvwj A_©K_vKvi AvPvh©¨ ey×‡Nv‡li g‡Z ÒAwfÓ
Dcm‡M©i A_© Òhvnv AwaKZiÓ| AZGe m~ÎvwZwi³ a¤§© ev
ey‡×vc‡`kB Awfa¤§©| (AÌmvwjbx)| hvnv m~ÎwcU‡K mvaviY
fv‡e Dcw`ó, Zvnv Awfa¤§©-wcU‡K AmvaviY fv‡e wefvwRZ,
we‡køwlZ, Av‡jvwPZ I e¨vL¨vZ nBqv‡Q| ey‡×v‡Nv‡li
mgmvgwqK AvPvh©¨ ey×`Ë Zuvnvi Òiƒcviƒc-wefvMÓ bvgK MÖ‡š’
ewjqv‡Qb †h, Awfa‡¤§©i cÖavb cÖwZcv`¨ gvÎ PvwiwU welq,
h_vt- wPË, ˆPZwmK, iƒc I wbeŸ©vY; ms‡ÿ‡c ewj‡Z †M‡j,
gvÎ `yBwU welq, h_vt- iƒc I Aiƒc| ÒAwfa¤§©v_©-msMÖ‡niÓ
cÖ_g cwi‡”Q‡ì bvg-wPË-msMÖn; Bnvi cÖwZcv`¨ welq Pvwi
f‚wg-‡f‡` wP‡Ëi †kªYx-wefvM, A_©vr wPË| wØZxq cwi‡”Q‡ì
bvg-‰PZwmK-msMÖn; Bnv cÖwZcv`¨ welq ˆPZwmK mg~‡ni
†kªYx-wefvM,-A_©vr ˆPZwmK| Z…Zxq cwi‡”Q‡ì bvg cÖKxY©-
msMÖn; Bnvi cÖwZcv`¨ welq ˆPZwmK †f‡` wP‡Ëi msL¨v-wbY©q
Ges wP‡Ëi †e`bv, †nZz, K…Z¨, Øvi, Avj¤^b I ev¯‘-msMÖn,-
A_©vr wPË, ˆPZwmK I iƒc| PZz_© cwi‡”Q‡ì bvg exw_-msMÖn;
Bnvi cÖwZcv`¨ welq e¨w³‡f‡` I f‚wg‡f‡` wPË exw_,-A_©vr
wPË| cÂg cwi‡”Q‡ì bvg-exw_-gy³ wPË-msMÖn; Bnvi

cÖwZcv`¨ welq PZzweŸ©a f‚wg, cÖwZmwÜ, K¤§©, I gi‡YvrcwË Ges
fev½-wPË, A_©vr iƒc I wPË| lô cwi‡”Q‡ì bvg-iƒc-msMÖn;
Bnvi cÖwZcv`¨ welq iƒ‡ci †kªYx-wefvM, iƒ‡cvrcwËi µg I
wbeŸ©vY,-A_©vr iƒc I wbeŸ©vY| mßg cwi‡”Q‡ì bvg-mgy”Pq-
msMÖn; Bnvi cÖwZcv`¨ welq msL¨v-e×fv‡e iƒcviƒ‡ci
bvgKiY, †kªYx-wefvM I MYbv,-A_©vr wPË, ˆPZwmK iƒc|
Aóg cwi‡”Q‡ì bvg-cÖZ¨q-msMÖn; Bnvi cÖwZcv`¨ welq
cÖZxZ¨-mgyrcv` I cÖ¯’vb wbq‡g iƒcviƒ‡ci DrcwË-µg Ges
m¤^Ü wbY©q,-A_©vr wPË, ˆPZwmK I iƒc| beg cwi‡”Q‡ì bvg
K¤§©¯’vb-msMÖn; Bnvi cÖwZcv`¨ welq a¨vb, mgvwa I mgvcwË
Abykxjb Øviv wPË I Áv‡bi weïw× mvab I wegyw³ jvf,-
A_©vr wPË, ˆPZwmK I wbeŸ©vY| G fv‡e wePvi Kwi‡j
ÒAwfa¤§©v_©-msMÖ‡niÓ Av‡jvP¨ welq¸wjI Ny‡i wd‡i wPË,
ˆPZwmK, iƒc I wbeŸ©vY|
gyrmywÏ gnvkq AwZkq wbcyYZvi mwnZ cÖ‡Z¨K cwi‡”Q‡ì
g~jvbyMZ Abyev‡ì ci ms‡ÿcv_© eY©bv I Abykxjbx ms‡hvwRZ
Kwiqv Zuvnvi cy¯KÍ Lvwb‡K mvaviY Ges AmvaviY mKj †kªYxi
cvV‡Ki wbKU myMg Ges myL-cvV¨ Kwiqv Zzwjqv‡Qb|
ms‡ÿcv_© eY©bv¸wj †hgb Zuvnvi cÖLi wPšÍvkxjZv I Mfxi
Áv‡bi cwiPq cÖ`vb K‡i, Abykxjbx (cT&n-cy”QK) ¸wjI
†Zgb Zuvnvi wPšÍvi m~²Zv Ges we‡kølY-ÿgZvi †``xc¨gvb
cÖgvY ¯îƒ‡c cÖZxqgvb nq| Zuvnvi GB Af‚Zc~eŸ© K…wZ‡Z¡i Rb¨
Zuvnvi f‚qmx cÖksmv bv Kwiqv KË©‡e¨ AMÖmi nB‡Z cvwibv|
ey×-cÖewË©Z Avh©¨-a¤§© g‡bvweÁvb-m¤§Z Ges bxwZ-cÖavb|
Aciw`‡K Bnv wefR¨-ev`; Bnvi meŸ©Î êÁvwbK cÖYvjx‡Z
a‡¤§©i we‡kølY, jÿY Øviv a¤§©mg~‡ni bvbvKiY ev cÖKvi‡f`
Ges Dchy³ cÖÁwß ev cwifvlv Øviv †Áq Ges wP‡šÍq welq

mg~‡ni cwiPq cÖ`vb Kiv nBqv‡Q| webq I Awfa¤§© wcUKØ‡q
Aejw¤^Z êÁvwbK cÖYvjx‡K jÿ¨ Kwiqv AvPvh©¨ ey×‡Nvl
Dnv‡ì cÖ‡Z¨KwU‡K Òbe-mvMiÓ ewjqv cÖksmv Kwiqv‡Qb|
g‡bvweÁvb-m¤§Z I bxwZ-cÖavb Avh©¨-a‡¤§©i g~jm~Î
Òa¤§©c‡ìÓ hgK-e‡M©i cÖ_g Mv_vØ‡q e¨³ nBqv‡Qt-
Òg‡bvcyeŸ½gv a¤§v g‡bv‡mU&Vv g‡bvghv,
gbmv †P c`yU&‡Vb fvmwZ ev K‡ivwZ ev,
Z‡Zv bs `yK&Lg‡š^wZ P°sÕe en‡Zv c`sÓ| 1
Òg‡bvcyeŸ½gv a¤§v g‡bv‡mU&Vv g‡bvghv,
gbmv †P cm‡bœb fvmwZ ev K‡ivwZ ev,
Z‡Zv bs myLg‡š^wZ QvhvÕe AbcvwhbxÓ| 2
Ògbtc~eŸ© a¤§© hZ, gbt‡kªô, g‡bvgq|
cÖ`yó g‡b‡Z hw` †Kn K_v Kq
wK¤^v Kvh©¨ K‡i, Zv‡n `ytL DcRq;
c‡` c‡` RvZ-`ytL mÜvweZ nq,
hvbhy³ Pµ h_v AvewË©Z nq
AbymwiÕ hvb-evnx Rš‘ c`ØqÓ| 1
Ògbtc~eŸ© a¤§© hZ, gbt‡kªô, g‡bvgq|
cÖmbœ g‡b‡Z hw` †Kn K_v Kq
wK¤^v Kvh©¨ K‡i, Zv‡n myL DcRq;
m‡½ m‡½ RvZ-myL mÜvweZ nq
Qvqv h_v †`n m‡b Awe”Qbœ iqÓ| 2
G ¯’‡j gb nB‡Z‡Q wPË ev weÁvb; a¤§© ˆPZwmK,
†e`bviƒ‡c myL-`ytLI ˆPZwmK; fvlv I Kvh©¨ g‡bi evn¨
Awfe¨w³,-AZGe iƒc| myL-`ytL wbi‡cÿ, myL-`ytLvZxZ cig
myLB wbeŸ©vY| Awfa‡¤§©B D×…Z Dw³Ø‡qi g‡bvweÁvb-m¤§Z

wek` e¨vL¨v I Av‡jvPbv|
†eŠ×-a¤§©-mvabvi Pvwi cÖavb D‡Ïk¨t-
(1) Drcbœ AKzk‡ji ÿq-mvab;
(2) Abyrcbœ AKzk‡ji Abyrcv`b;
(3) Abyrcbœ Kzk‡ji Drcv`b; Ges
(4) Drcbœ Kzk‡ji msiÿY I mse×©b|
cvc nB‡Z weiwZ Ges `vbvw` cyY¨Kvh©¨ evn¨vPvi; Bnv‡Z
cvc-AKzkj mg~‡j DrcvwUZ nq bv| mg~‡j DrcvwUZ bv nB‡j
†hgb e„‡ÿi, †Zgb AKzk‡ji cybiærcwËi m¤¢vebv _v‡K| meŸ©
myL-`yt‡Li g~‡j bw›`-ivM ev feZ…òv, Awe`¨v ev †gvn| GB
`yB‡qi A‡kl wb‡iva Kwi‡Z bv cvwi‡j wPË cybivq myL-`yt‡Li
Aaxb nB‡Z cv‡i| AZGe Awe`¨v I Z…òvi g~jxf‚Z Avme I
Abykq webó Kiv Avek¨K| wbKv‡qi fvlvq ewj‡Z †M‡j,
†hgb Zvje„ÿ wkiwñbœ nB‡j cybivq Zvnv weiƒp nB‡Z cv‡i
bv, †Zgb fv‡eB †h mKj Avme ms‡K¬kKi, cybf©eKi, mì_,
`ytL-cwiYvgx, AbvM‡Z Rb¥-Riv-giY AvbqbKvix, Zrmg¯Í
cÖnxb, Dw”Qbœ-g~j, kxl©-wenxb Zvje„‡ÿ cwiYZ, Aw¯ÍZ¡-weiwnZ
I AbvM‡Z Abyrcvà¤§©x Kiv Avek¨K|
GB Rb¨B g‡bvweÁvb ev gb¯Í‡Ë¡i mvnv‡h¨ GZ Mfxi fv‡e,
m~²`wk©Zvi mwnZ I cy•Lvbycy•Liƒ‡c Òbvg-iƒ‡ciÓ ¯^fve,
jÿY, †kªYx wefvM, Kvh©¨, DrcwË I wb‡iv‡ai aviv I µg Ges
ci¯úi m¤^Ü BZ¨vw` ÁvbZt Rvbv Avek¨K| G‡nb cÖ‡qvRb-
cÖm~Z gb¯‘Ë¡ ev g‡bvweÁvb Avh©¨-ms¯‹…wZ‡Z ey× Ges
†eŠ×M‡Yi GKUv †kªô `vb|
bxwZg~jK Ges bxwZ cÖavb †eŠ× gb¯Í‡Ë¡i g~j ¯^xKvh©¨ e¯‘
GB †h, ÒwPË (cÖvK…wZK gb) ¯^fveZt cÖfv¯î (wb¤§©j, wbiÄb)
AvMš‘K-‡`v‡lB Zvnv cÖ`yó nqÓ| AvMš‘K-‡`vl nB‡Z‡Q Avme

ev Avmªe hvnv myßKv‡i _vwKqv ÒAbykqÓ Drcv`b K‡i|
Avgv‡ì wPšÍv, evK¨ I Kvh©¨¸wj wewfbœ Abyk‡qiB chy©¨Ìvb ev
evn¨-cÖKvk| hw` Avme¸wj wP‡Ëi c‡ÿ AvMš‘K-‡`vl nq, wPË
cybivq Zvnv‡ì Kej nB‡Z gyw³ A_ev wegyw³ jvf Kwi‡Z
cv‡i| ZvnviB Rb¨ ga¨g-wbKv‡qi i_-webxZ-m~‡Î mß weïw×i
AeZviYv| mß weïw×i wek` Av‡jvPbv Òweïw×i-gM&‡MiÓ
cÖÁv-wb‡Ï©‡k Ges mswÿß Av‡jvPbv ÒAwfa¤§©v_©-msMÖ‡niÓ 9g
cwi‡”Q‡`| mß weïw× g~L¨Zt wÎ-weïw×, h_vt- kxj, wPË I
Ávb| kxj-weïw×i cÖK…ó Dcvq ÒcÖvwZ‡gvÿ-mseivw`Ó
kxjmg~‡ni h_vh_ AvPiY I Abykxjb; wPË-weïw×i cÖK…ó
Dcvq a¨vb, mgvwa I mgvcwËi Af¨vm, A_©vr Òkg_-fvebvÓ;
Ges Ávb-weïw×i cÖK…ó Dcvq Òwe`k©b-fvebvÓ|
Òevwi‡RvÕe _‡j wL‡Ëv IK‡gvK‡Zv De&f‡Zv|
cwic&d›`Zx`s wPËs gvi‡ahs cnvZ‡eÓ\ a¤§c` 34
Òevwi nÕ†Z ¯’‡jvrwÿß evwiR †hgb
K‡i QU&dU& nvq, wPËI †Zgb
gvi-MÖvn Z¨wRev‡i nq‡i PÂjÓ|
gvQ †hgb ¯^¯’vb Rj nB‡Z ¯’‡j wbwÿß nB‡j, g„Zz¨ f‡q
cybivq ¯^¯’v‡b wdwiqv hvBevi Rb¨ QU&dU& K‡i, Avgv‡ì wPËI
†Zgb Bnvi ¯^vfvweK wb¤§©j Ae¯’v nB‡Z DwÌZ nBqv
A¯^vfvweK Ae¯’v I wµqvi mwnZ hy³ nB‡j PÂj nq,-c~eŸ©
¯^vfvweK Abvwej Ae¯’v wdwiqv cvBevi Rb¨| AZGe wPË hLb
PÂj nq, QU&dU& K‡i eywS‡Z nB‡e †h, wPË GK A¯^vfvweK
Ae¯’vq cwoqv, ms‡K¬kvaxb nBqv wb‡Ri wegyw³-jv‡fi Rb¨
e¨MÖ nBqv‡Q| g‡bvØv‡ii D‡×© exw_-hy³ MwZ‡Z Ae¯’vb wP‡Ëi
c‡ÿ A¯^vfvweK,- hLb Bnv myL-`ytL, KzkjvKzkj cÖf…wZi
mwnZ weRwoZ nq, c‡Âvcv`vb-¯‹‡Üi MÐx‡Z wePiY K‡i,

msmvivwfgyLx nq; Ges g‡bvØv‡ii wb‡æ exw_-gy³ MwZ‡Z
Ae¯’vb wP‡Ëi c‡ÿ ¯^vfvweK,-hLb Bnv myL-`ytL,
KzkjvKzk‡ji mxgvi evwn‡i wbeŸ©vYvj¤^x nBqv cigvb‡›` _v‡K|
†eŠ× †hvMvPvi m¤úÖ`v‡qi cÖwm× MÖš’ Òj¼veZvi m~‡ÎiÓ fvlvq
ewj‡Z †M‡j, Ò¯^MwZ‡Z w¯’Z evwiwa †hgb evqy-cÖnZ nB‡j
Zi½vwqZ nq Ges Zi½¸wj wVK evwiwaI bq, evwiwa nB‡Z
wewfbœI bq, ¯^cÖev‡n w¯’Z weÁvbI †Zgb welq-evZ¨vnZ nB‡j
Zi½vwqZ nBqv Pÿz-weÁvbvw` wewfbœiƒ‡c cÖZxqgvb nq Ges H
weÁvb¸wj wVK& Avjq-weÁvbI bq;- Zvnv nB‡Z m¤ú~Y© wewfbœI
bq|
Gfv‡e wePvi Kwi‡j fev½-wPË, Dnvi hZ cwiYwZ, hZ
Kvh¨©, Zr mnMZ, Zr mnRvZ, Zr m¤úªhy³ hZ a¤§© ev
ˆPZwmK, Zèj¤^xq hZ Avj¤^b ev welq mg¯ÍB ÒwPË Ó A_ev
ÒwPËMZÓ|
Giƒc GK e¨vcK A‡_©B AvPvh¨© ey×‡Nvl ÒwPË Ó kãwU
MÖnY Kwiqv‡Qb Zvunvi ÒAÌmvwjbxÓ bvgK cÖwm× A_©-K_vq|
Òa¤§©c‡ìÓ c~‡eŸ©v×…Z Mv_vØ‡qI a¤§©mg~n‡K g‡bvgq ewjqv
eY©bv Kiv nBqv‡Q|
gyrmywÏ-gnvkq wP‡Ëi msÁv wb‡Ï©k Kwi‡Z wMqv
m¼xY©fv‡e Òhvnv [Avj¤^b] wPšÍv K‡i ZvnvB wPË| *** ÒwPšÍv
K‡iÓ A_© Avj¤^b MÖnY K‡i, Avj¤^b Rv‡b, Avj¤^b AeMZ
nqÓ gZ cÖKvk Kwiqv _vwK‡jI (c„t 12), wZwb Zvunvi cy¯‡Í Ki
eû¯’v‡b wPË‡K e¨vcK A‡_©B MÖnY Kwiqv‡Qb|
wP‡Ëi AveiK a¤§©¸wji mvaviY bvg ÒbxeiYÓ| Dnviv
msL¨vq cvuP Ges Dnv‡ì bvg h_vµ‡g Kvg”Q›`, e¨vcv`,
¯Í¨vb-wg×, J×Z¨-KyK…Z¨ I wewPwKrmv| a¨v‡bi cÖvi‡¤¢B GB
cÂ bxeiY‡K wbi¯Í Kwi‡Z nq, Zvnv Kwievi Dcvq a¨v‡bi cÂ

A½, h_vt- weZK©, wePvi, cÖxwZ, myL I GKvMÖZv| gyrmywÏ-
gnvkq my›ì fv‡e †`LvBqv‡Qb wKiƒ‡c weZK© ¯Í¨vb-wg‡×i,
wePvi wewPwKrmvi, cÖxwZ e¨vcv‡ì, myL J×Z¨-KyK…‡Zï Ges
GKvMÖZv Kvg”Q‡›ì cÖwZcÿ ev we‡ivax a¤§© nq (c„t 37)|
wP‡Ëi MfxiZi ¯Í‡i bxeiY¸wj AeifvMxq ms‡hvRb Ges
AviI AwaK Mfxi ¯Í‡i D×©fvMxq ms‡hvRb iƒ‡c cÖZxqgvb
nq| bxeiY Ae¯’vq cÂ AveiK a¤§©‡K wbi¯Í Kwi‡Z kª×vw` †h
cÂ¸‡Yi cÖ‡qvRb nq, AeifvMxq ms‡hvRb Ae¯’vq Dnv‡ì
mwnZ hywS‡Z nB‡j D³ cÂ¸Y‡K ÒBw›`ª‡qÓ Ges D×©fvMxq
Ae¯’vq Dnv‡ì mwnZ msMÖvg Kwi‡Z nB‡j Dnvw`M‡K Òe‡jÓ
cwiYZ Kwi‡Z nq| a¨vb, mgvwa Ges mgvcwËB Dnvw`M‡K
wbi¯Í, civwRZ I civf‚Z Kwievi Dcvq ¯îƒc cÂ¸Y‡K µ‡g
ÒBw›`ª‡qÓ I Òe‡jÓ cwiYZ K‡i|
Awfa‡¤§©i a¤§©-msMÖnvsk AvcvZ `„wó‡Z eoB G‡jv‡g‡jv
g‡b nBevi K_v| Dnvw`M‡K mymw¾Z Ges myk„•LwjZ Kwi‡Z
nB‡j g‡b Kwi‡Z nB‡e †h, a¤§©-mvabv, Ávb-mvabv Ges K¤§©-
mvabvi cÖavb AšÍivq nB‡Z‡Q wewPwKrmv, mskq ev m‡›`n|
GB wewPwKrmvi `yBwU w`K& Ges cÖ‡Z¨K w`‡K `yBwU Ask Av‡Q|
evg w`‡K cÖ_gvs‡k Pvwi †PZwöj Ges ewnivs‡k Akª×v;
Wvbw`‡K cÖ_gvs‡k Zwgmªv Ges ewnivs‡k Awe`¨v| †PZwö‡ji
cÖwZcÿ †h kª×v¸Y Dnvi jÿY m¤úÖ¯‹›`b, Djøçb ev
D”Pvwfjvl Ges Akª×vi cÖwZcÿ †h kª×v¸Y-Dnvi jÿY
m¤úÖmv` ev wP‡Ëi mij wek¦vm| Zwgmªvi cÖwZcÿ †h cÖÁv¸Y
Dnvi jÿY gb¯‹vi Ges Awe`¨vi cÖwZcÿ †h cÖÁv¸Y Dnvi
jÿY †Q`b| AeifvMxq wewPwKrmv-ms‡hvRb cwinv‡ii Dcvq
`k©b-m¤ú`, †mªvZvc‡bœi `„wó‡Z wbeŸv©Y-`k©b Ges D×©fvMxq
wewPwKrmv-ms‡hvRb cwinv‡ii Dcvq fvebv,-kg_ I we`k©b|

wewPwKrmvi mwnZ Dnvi AbyK‚j I cÖwZK‚j a¤§©¸wj‡K
h‡_vchy³ fv‡e ¯Í‡i ¯Í‡i web¨¯Í Kwiqv Dnv‡ì cÖ‡Z¨KwUi
Awfa¤§©-ewY©Z jÿY, K…Z¨, im, c`¯’vb I cÖZz¨c¯’vb (Pig
cwiYwZ) jÿ¨ Kwiqv Ges Dnv‡ì ci¯ú‡ii m¤^Ü¸wj wePvi
Kwiqv-Awfa¤§©-cv‡V AMÖmi nB‡jB a¤§©-msMÖ‡ni we‡klZ¡ I
cvwicvU¨ cwiùzU I ü`q½g nB‡e|
g‡bvweÁvb gv‡ÎiB cÖavb Av‡jvP¨ welq bvg, Aiƒc, wPË,
ˆPZwmK I wbeŸ©vY; A_©vr gb, g‡bvRxeb I g‡bi Abyf‚wZ|
iƒc, ‡`n A_ev R‡oi mwnZ Bnvi †MŠY m¤^Ü gvÎ, g~L¨ m¤^Ü
b‡n| g‡bvweÁvb-D™¢ve‡bi c‡_ KZK¸wj evav Av‡Q| cÖ_g
evav, iƒ‡ci cwifvlvq Aiƒc‡K, †`‡ni cwifvlvq g‡bi
e¨vcvi¸wj‡K cÖKvk Kwi‡Z nq| wØZxq evav, hLbB †Kvb
g‡bi e¨vcvi N‡U, wPË-‰PZwmK mg¯Í‡iB mw¤§j‡b Zvnv N‡U|
GB e¨vcv‡ii g‡a¨ Avj¤^b ev welqI GK, ev¯‘ ev AvaviI
GK| wPË-‰PZwmK †KvbwU c~‡eŸ©, †KvbwU c‡i bv nBqv hyMcr
Awe‡”Q`ïƒ‡c mgyw`Z nq| G RvZxq e¨vcvi¸wj µgvMZ
cÖZ¨‡eÿY ev gvbwmK ch©¨‡eÿY Øviv jÿ¨ Kwiqv, we‡kølY Øviv
H¸wj‡K we‡køwlZ Kwiqv wPË-‰PZwmKvwì ¯îƒc I m¤^Üvw`
wbY©q Kwi‡Z nq| GB cÖm‡½ AvPvh©¨ ey×‡Nvl Zuvnvi
ÒAÌmvwjbxÓ bvgK Awfa¤§©-A_©K_vq, Òwgwj›`-cÖkœÓ bvgK MÖš’
nB‡Z ¯’wei bvM‡m‡bi gZ D×…Z Kwiqv, wb‡æv³ AwfgZ cÖKvk
Kwiqv‡Qbt-
Òhw` bvbv cÖKv‡ii Rj wK¤^v bvbv cÖKv‡ii ˆZj GK cv‡Î
Xvwjqv, mvivw`b gš’b Kwiqv, Dnv‡ì eY©, MÜ I i‡mi cv_©K¨
jÿ¨ Kwiqv, (bvwmKv Øviv) AvNªvY Kwiqv, A_ev (wRnŸv Øviv)
Av¯^v`b Kwiqv Dnv‡ì bvbvKiY (cv_©K¨-wbY©q) m¤¢e nq,
ZvnvI KwVb KvR ewjqv †jv‡K e‡j| wKš‘ mg¨K& m¤^y×

GKvj¤^‡b w¯’Z Aiƒcx wPË-‰PZwmK a¤§©mg~‡ni cÖ‡Z¨KwU‡K
(h_vh_ jÿY Øviv) c„_K Kwiqv Ges fvlvq cÖKv‡ki Rb¨
Dchy³ cÖÁwß (cwifvlv) D™¢veb Kwiqv AwZ KwVb KvR
Kwiqv‡Qb| Z‡×Zz Avqy®§vb ¯’wei bvM‡mb (wgwj›` ivRv‡K
ewjqv‡Qbt-) ÒgnvivR! fMevb AwZ `ytmva¨ Kvh©¨ m¤úv`b
Kwiqv‡Qb GBRb¨ †h, wZwb GKvj¤^‡b eË©gvb Aiƒcx wPË-
‰PZwmK a¤§©mg~‡ni eë¯’vb wb‡Ï©k Kwiqv‡Qbt- Bnv ¯úk©, Bnv
†e`bv, Bnv msÁv, Bnv †PZbv, Bnv wPË|Ó
GB g‡bvweÁv‡bi cðv‡Z KZK¸wj †eŠ× `vk©wbK gZ‡K
¯^Ztwm×iƒ‡c MÖnY Kiv nBqv‡Q, h_vt-
(1) cÖZxZ¨-mgyrcv`, †nZz-cÖZ¨qZv, Kvh©¨-KviYZvt- Dnv
_vwK‡j Bnv nq, Dnvi DrcwË‡Z Bnvi DrcwË nq, Dnv bv
_vwK‡j Bnv nq bv, Dnvi wb‡iv‡a Bnvi wb‡iva nq| Awfa¤§©v_©-
msMÖ‡ni fvlvq, Z™¢ve-Z™¢vex| gvÎ GKwU †nZz ev KviY e‡k
wKQyB N‡U bv| cÖZ¨q-mvgMÖx ev KviY-mgev‡qB mKj NUbv
N‡U, meŸ©-e¨vcvi mvwaZ nq| GB †hvMv‡hv‡Mi g‡a¨B e¨vcvi-
mva‡bi mvg_©¨ _v‡K, Z`wZwi³ †Kvb kw³i cÖ‡qvRb nq bv|
(AÌmvwjbx)
(2) bvg-iƒc ev cÂ¯‹ÜvwZwi³ †Kvb AvÍ-c`v_© bvB| gvbe-
‡`‡ni g‡a¨ Ggb †Kvb AvÍv ev †eËv bvB hvnv †¯^”Qvµ‡g †h
†Kvb GK Bw›`ªq‡K Øvi ¯îƒ‡c MÖnY Kwiqv `k©b-kªeYvw` Kvh©¨
m¤úv`b Kwi‡Z cv‡i| gvbe-‡`‡ni ‡hiƒc Awaôvb ev Ae¯’vb
Dnv‡Z Pÿz-‡kªvÎvw` cÖ‡Z¨K AšÍivqZb ev Bw›`ª‡qi ciZš¿ZvI
†hgb Av‡Q, ¯^vZš¿Ï †Zgb Av‡Q| hw` Zvnv bv nB‡e, Z‡e
†Kvb e¯‘ wRnŸvi mxgv AwZµg Kwiqv D`‡i cÖweó nB‡j Avgiv
Dnvi wZ³Zv ev wgóZv Abyfe Kwi‡Z cvwi bv †Kb? (wgwj›`-

cT&‡nv)
(3) †Kvb e¯‘ GKvKx Drcbœ nq bv| hLb wPË Drcbœ nq,
ZLb Dnvi mwnZ KZK¸wj ˆPZwmK Ges ˆ`wnK wµqv I
Ae¯’všÍi Drcbœ nq| †hLv‡b ¯úk© Drcbœ nq, †mLv‡b Dnvi
mwnZ Awew”Qbœfv‡e †e`bvw` ˆPZwmK ev gvbwmK a¤§©¸wjI Kg
†ekx Drcbœ nq| iƒ‡ci †ÿ‡ÎI †hLv‡b Òc„w_exÓ Drcbœ nq
†mLv‡b Dnvi mwnZ Awew”Qbœfv‡e Ac&, †ZR I evqy Kg †ekx
Drcbœ nq| (AÌmvwjbx)
(4) bvg-iƒ‡ci g‡a¨ ÒA‡b¨vb¨Ó m¤^Ü| †hgb wP‡Ëvrcv‡ì
m‡½ m‡½ KZK¸wj ˆ`wnK e¨vcvi N‡U, †Zgb ˆ`wnK e¨vcv‡ii
m‡½ m‡½ KZK¸wj gvbwmK e¨vcvi N‡U| GB A‡_© ÒKvhš^hs
wPËs †nvwZ, wPËš^‡hv Kv‡hv †nvwZÓ| (gR&wSg-wbKvh, Dcvwj-
m~Ë)| †hgb GKw`‡K Pÿz-‡kªvÎvw` A½-cÖZ¨‡½i êKj¨ NwU‡j
`k©b-kªeYvw` wP‡Ëi Kvh©¨ m¤úvw`Z nB‡Z cv‡ibv, †Zgb
Aciw`‡K msÁv-‡e`wqZ-wb‡iva-mgvcwË‡Z wPË-e„wËi m¤ú~Y©
wb‡iva NwU‡j meŸ© evK& ms¯‹vi (ePb-wµqv) Ges Kvq-ms¯‹vi
(ˆ`wnK-wµqv, i³-mÂvjb, cÖvY-wµqv BZ¨vw`) wbiæ× nq|
(gwÀg-wbKvh, gnv‡e`jø I Pzjø †e`jø myË)|
†eŠ× g‡bvweÁv‡bi mwnZ m¤úwK©Z ÒiƒcÓ wK? ÒiƒcÓ k‡ã
mvaviYZt eySvq Rxe-RMr, Ro-RMr, RxešÍ †`n, g„Z †`n
Ges Zrm¤úwK©Z me wKQy| g„Z †`n weÁvb-iwnZ, ï®‹ Kvôer
A‡PZb, AZGe Dnv Ro-RM‡ZiB AšÍM©Z| GB †`n Ges
Bnvi ms¯’vbvw` cÖZ¨ÿ kvixi-weÁv‡bi (Anatomy-i)
Av‡jvP¨ welq| g‡bvweÁv‡b †`‡ni ms¯’vbvw` Av‡jvPbv
wb®úÖ‡qvRb| RxešÍ †`‡ni g‡a¨ Pÿz-‡kªvÎvw` cÂ AšÍivqZb
ev Áv‡bw›`ªq wP‡Ëi Awfe¨w³i c‡ÿ Øvi ¯îƒc| Dnv‡ì ga¨
w`qv Rxe A_ev Ro-RM‡Zi mwnZ wP‡Ëi m¤^Ü ¯’vwcZ nq|

hw` ïay PÿzivqZb‡K wePvh©¨ e¯‘iƒ‡c MÖnY Kwi, Z‡e †`wL
Dnvi cÖmv`-As‡ki mwnZB g‡bvweÁv‡bi m¤^Ü, †h‡nZz GB
cÖmv`-Ask (Retina, sensitive portion) Av‡Q ewjqvB
Pÿz-‡MvPivMZ iƒc ev `„k¨ e¯‘i mwnZ Pÿzi NÆb-cÖwZNÆb nq;
Ges GB NÆb-cÖwZNÆbB-Pÿz-weÁv‡bi ms‡hvM mn-
¯ú‡k©vrcwËi KviY nq| Pÿz-‡kªvÎvw` cÂ AšÍivqZb-MÖvn¨
iƒc-kãvw` ewnivqZb-ms¯ú‡k©B Ro-RM‡Zi mwnZ
g‡bvweÁv‡bi m¤^Ü| c„w_ex, Ac&, †ZR I evqy GB PvwiwU
R‡oi g~j Dcv`vb ev gnvf‚Z ewjqv ¯^xK…Z| c`v_©-weÁv‡bi
(Physics Gi) `„wó‡Z GB PvwiwU `ªe¨ ev e¯‘ we‡kl| c„w_ex
A‡_© hveZxq KwVb e¯‘, Ac& A‡_© Rjxq e¯‘, †ZR A‡_© Dò
e¯‘ Ges evqy A‡_© cÖYvgx e¯‘| †hgb ewnR©M‡Z evjyKv, cÖ¯iÍ ,
Kvô cÖf…wZ, †Zgb ¯^‡`‡nI †Kk-‡jvg-bLvw` c„w_ex-RvZxq
KwVb e¯‘ (gR&wSg-wbKvh, gnvnwÌc‡`vcg myË)| wKš‘
g‡bvweÁv‡bi c‡ÿ H Pvwi gnvf‚Z Pvwi Bw›`ªq-MÖvn¨ ¸Y, h_vt-
KvwVb¨ (†jwW mvqv‡ì g‡Z Òe¨vcKZvÓ), †ønZ¡, DòZ¡ I
MwZkxjZ¡| e¯‘Zt g‡bvweÁv‡bi w`K& nB‡Z wePvi Kwi‡j,
hveZxq iƒcB RxešÍ †`n I R‡oi wewfbœ ¸Y| iƒ‡cvrcwËi µg
Ges BZi we‡kl †`LvBevi Rb¨B Rxe-RM‡Zi †kªYx-wefvM I
Awaôvb Awfa‡¤§©i Av‡jvP¨-welq nBqv‡Q|
Awfa‡¤§© Rxe-RM‡Zi Awaôvb I µg-web¨v‡mi mvnv‡h¨
wP‡Ëvrcv‡ì aviv I µg Ges wPË-‰PZwm‡Ki †kªYx-wefvM I
BZi-we‡kl eySvBevi †Pôv Av‡Q| meŸ© wb‡æ Kvg-‡jvK, Z`~‡×©
iƒc-‡jvK, Z`~‡×© Aiƒc-‡jvK, Z`y‡×© †jv‡KvËi-RMr| Kvg-
‡jv‡Ki Pvwi ¯Íi, meŸ© wb‡æ wbiq, meŸ© D‡×© Qq Kvg-‡è‡jvK,
g‡a¨ †cÖZ-‡jvK I gbyl¨-‡jvK| iƒc-‡jv‡K †lvjwU wewfbœ ¯Íi,
Aiƒc-‡jv‡K Pvwi ¯Íi Ges †jv‡KvËi As‡k Aó ¯Íi Kíbv Kiv

nBqv‡Q| H H bvgxq †Kvb †jvK Ges Dnv‡ì Awaevmx †Kn
Av‡Q wKbv, GB cÖ‡kœi Av‡jvPbv wb®úÖ‡qvRb| †hgb †`‡ni
DËv‡ci n«vm-e„w× I µg wb×©vi‡Yi Rb¨ µg-wPwýZ
_v‡g©vwgUv‡ii, Rj-evqyi DËv‡ci n«vm-e„w× I µg wb×©vi‡Yi
Rb¨ µg-wPwýZ †e‡ivwgUv‡ii, A_ev R‡ji n«vm-e„w× I
D”PZv-bxPZvi µg wb×©vi‡Yi Rb¨ µg-wPwýZ Kvô-`‡Ði
eë¯’v, †Zgb wP‡ËvrcwËi µg Ges wPË-‰PZwm‡Ki †kªYx‡f`
I BZi-we‡kl wb×©vi‡Yi Rb¨B A‡bKvs‡k KwíZ RxeM‡Yi
Awaôvb I µg-web¨v‡mi eë¯’v|
†eŠ×-Awfa‡¤§© Pvwi †jv‡Ki Abyhvqx PvwiwU f‚wg wb×©viY
Kwiqv wP‡Ëi ¯Íi Ges †kªYx-wefvM wb‡Ï©k Kiv nBqv‡Q| Kvg-
f‚wg‡Z wePiYKvix wPË¸wj KvgvePvix, iƒc-f‚wg‡Z wePiYKvix
wPË¸wj iƒcvePvix, Aiƒc-f‚wg‡Z wePiYKvix wPË¸wj
AiƒcePvix Ges †jv‡KvËi-f‚wg‡Z wePiYKvix wPË¸wj
†jv‡KvËivePvix| gyrmywÏ gnvkq h_v_© wb‡Ï©k Kwiqv‡Qb †h,
iƒc, Aiƒc I †jv‡KvËivePvix wPË¸wj a¨vb-wPË (reflective)
Ges mvaviY wPË¸wj KvgvePvix, AZGe Aa¨vqx (non-
reflective) Ges Bnv‡ì cÖwZwµqv Kzkj A_ev AKzkj,
Bnviv wµqvwš^Z A_ev wecvKx, ms¯‹viR A_ev Ams¯‹viR,
†jvf-‡Øl-‡gvng~j A_ev A‡jvf-A‡Øl-A‡gvng~j, A_©vr
m‡nZzK| Kvg-f‚wgi D‡×© Aew¯’Z a¨vb-wPË mg~‡ni cÖwZwµqv
Kzkj, AZGe Zb¥‡a¨ AKzk‡ji ¯’vb bvB| †jv‡KvËi wPË¸wj
RvMwZK KzkjvKzk‡ji AZxZ, wµqvwš^Z Ges djcÖm~ e‡U|
wµqv-wPË¸wji we‡klZ¡ †`LvB‡Z wMqv gyrmyw×-gnvkq h_v_©
wb‡Ï©k Kwiqv‡Qb †h, Dnviv wµqvwš^Z e‡U wKš‘ wecvKx bq|
Dnv‡ì Øviv gvbe-Pwi‡Îi cwieË©b mvwaZ nq bv| Aiƒc-mxgv
ch©¨šÍ wPË¸wj †jŠwKK, †h‡nZz Dnviv fevwfgyLx, fevej¤^x,

†jv‡KvËi wPË¸wj †jv‡KvËi, †h‡nZz Dnviv wbeŸ©vYvwfgyLx,
wbeŸ©vYvej¤^x|
a¨vb-f‚wg-As‡k bq mgvcwË Abymv‡i Awfa‡¤§© wP‡Ëi
†kªYx‡f` I msL¨v MYbv Kiv nBqv‡Q| bq mgvcwËi bvg
h_vµ‡g cÖ_g iƒc-a¨vb-mgvcwË, wØZxq iƒc-a¨vb-mgvcwË,
Z…Zxq iƒc-a¨vb-mgvcwË, PZz_© iƒc-a¨vb-mgvcwË, cÖ_g Aiƒc-
a¨vb-mgvcwË, wØZxq Aiƒc-a¨vb-mgvcwË, Z…Zxq Aiƒc-a¨vb-
mgvcwË, PZz_© Aiƒc-a¨vb-mgvcwË, Ges msÁv-‡e`wqZ-wb‡iva
mgvcwË| iƒc-mgvcwË As‡k wP‡Ëi Pvwi ¯Íi, Aiƒc mgvcwË
As‡k Pvwi ¯Íi Ges msÁv-‡e`wqZ-wb‡iva mgvcwË As‡k Pvwi-
gvM©-¯Íi I Pvwi dj-¯Íi| m~Î wcU‡K ewY©Z Pvwi iƒc-a¨vb
mgvcwË‡K Awfa¤§©-wcU‡K Ges Awfa¤§©v_©-msMÖ‡n cuvP iƒc-
a¨vb mgvcwËiƒ‡c MYbv Kiv nBqv‡Q| GB cÂ a¨vb-µg
†jv‡KvËi-¯Í‡i cÖ‡Z¨K gv‡M© I d‡j cÖhy³ Kwiqv AvU
†jv‡KvËi wPË‡K Pwjøk ewjqv MYbv Kiv nBqv‡Q| wKš‘ Aiƒc-
f‚wg‡Z wbwÏ©ó eviwU wP‡Ëi †ejvq D³ wbqg cÖ‡qv‡M wPË
MYbvi wewa cÖ`vb Kiv nq bvB| gyrmywÏ-gnvkq Bnvi KviY
cÖ`k©b Kwi‡Z wMqv gšÍe¨ Kwiqv‡Qb,-ÒiƒcvePi cÂwea a¨v‡b
Avj¤^‡bi †Kvb cv_©K¨ Avek¨K K‡i bv| GKwea Avj¤^‡bB
cÂwea a¨vb Drcbœ nB‡Z cv‡i| **** wKš‘ AiƒcvePi wP‡Ë
a¨vbv‡½i wee¾©bZv bvB, GBRb¨ GB wPË mg~n meŸ©_v cÂg
a¨vwbK Ges D‡cÿv I GKvMÖZvB Bnv‡ì a¨vbv½| GB
AiƒcvePi-a¨vb-wP‡Ëi Avj¤^‡bi cv_©K¨ †nZz Bnv PZzweŸ©aÓ
(c„t 43)| Avwg Zuvnvi e¨vL¨vi †hŠw³KZv A¯^xKvi Kwibv|
wKš‘ Avgvi k¼v nq †h, D³ wbq‡g Aiƒ‡ci †ÿ‡Î wPË-MYbv
Kwi‡j AvcwË DwV‡Z cv‡i| hw` Aiƒ‡ci D‡×© †jv‡KvËi
f‚wg‡Z cÖ‡Z¨K Avj¤^b m¤ú‡K© Pvwi A_ev cÂ a¨vb-wP‡Ëi

D™¢e m¤¢e nq, Zvnv nB‡j Aiƒc-f~wg‡Z H wbq‡gi e¨wZµg
NwU‡e †Kb? Avgvi g‡b nq, GB †Mvj‡hv‡Mi KviY eû c~eŸ©
nB‡Z †eŠ×-mvwn‡Z¨ Pwjqv Avwm‡Z‡Q| cvwj ÒcÂ-wbKv‡qiÓ
KZK¸wj m~‡Î cvZÄj-`k©b Abyhvqx Pvwi a¨vb ev mgvcwËi
Ges KZK¸wj m~‡Î (`xN©-wbKv‡qi mvgT&T-dj I gR&wSg-
wbKv‡qi gnv-Am&mcyi-myË) gvÎ bq mgvcwËi D‡jøLI eY©bv
Av‡Q| GB cÖ‡f‡ì KviY I gxgvsmv Zb¥‡a¨ †Kv_vI †`wL‡Z
cvB bv| cvZÄj-`k©b Abymv‡i Pvwi mgvcwËi bvg h_vµ‡g
mweZK©, wbweŸ©ZK©, mwePvi I wbweŸ©Pvi| Zb¥‡a¨ bq mgvcwËi
D‡jøL A_ev eY©bv KzÎvwc `„ó nq bv| GB mgm¨vi mygxgvsmv
Kwi‡Z nB‡j Avgvw`M‡K eva¨ nBqv g‡b Kwi‡Z nB‡e †h,
Avj¤^b ev †a¨q e¯‘ hvnvB nDK bv †Kb, H Avj¤^‡b w¯’Z
Ae¯’vq Pvwi, A_ev Awfa¤§© MYbvbymv‡i cÂ mgvcwË nB‡e|
wPË-‰PZwmK Ges iƒ‡ci g‡a¨ ci¯ú‡ii m¤^Ü wePviI wbY©q
Kwievi mnvqZvi Rb¨ ÒcU&VvbÓ bvgK cvwj Awfa¤§©-wcU‡Ki
mßg MÖ‡š’ Ò†nZzÓ ÒAvj¤^bÓ BZ¨vw` PweŸkwU cÖZ¨q wb‡Ï©k Kiv
nBqv‡Q| ey×‡Nvl cÖgyL AvPvh©¨M‡Yi wbq‡g gyrmywÏ gnvkq AwZ
my›ìfv‡e H cÖZ¨q¸wj ¯îƒc wb‡Ï©k Ges †eŠ× g‡bvweÁv‡b
Dnv‡ì cÖhyR¨Zv Av‡jvPbv Kwiqv‡Qb| ÒAbšÍiÓ I
ÒmgbšÍiÓ, Òa¨vbÓ I ÒK¤§©Ó, ÒwecvKÓ cÖf…wZ KwZcq
cÖZ¨‡qi wb‡Ï©k m¤ú‡K© Avgvi eû e³e¨ _vwK‡jI GB ¯’v‡b
Dnv‡ì AeZviYv Kwiqv gyLe‡Üi cwimi ew×©Z Kiv m½Z g‡b
Kwi bv|
cvVK jÿ¨ Kwi‡eb †h, ÒAwfa¤§©v_©-msMÖ‡nÓ g‡bv-
weÁv‡bi GKwU AZ¨vek¨Kxq welq Av‡`Š ¯’vb cvq bvB|
Zb¥‡a¨ g‡bvweÁv‡bi w`K& nB‡Z Rb¥, g„Zz¨ cÖf…wZ wel‡qi
Av‡jvPbv Av‡Q| wKš‘ ¯^cœ I myhywß m¤^‡Ü †Kvb D‡jøL `„ó nq

bv| GB welqwU Òwgwjw›`-cÖkœÓ Ges KwZcq cÖvPxb
ÒDcwbl‡`Ó Kg †ekx Av‡jvwPZ nBqv‡Q|
cvVK AviI jÿ¨ Kwi‡eb †h, †hgb fviZe‡l©i Ab¨vb¨
`k©‡b, †Zgb †eŠ×-Awfa‡¤§©, gw¯Í‡®‹i cwie‡Ë© ü`q-ev¯‘‡K
†K›`ª¯’vbxq Kwiqv gb¯ÍË¡ Dc¯’vwcZ Kiv nq bvB| wK †eŠ×-
MÖ‡š’, wK Avqy‡eŸ©`-kv‡¯¿, wK fviZe‡l©i Acivci kv¯¿-MÖ‡š’
ü`q, dzm&dzm& Ges gw¯Í‡®‹i wµqv m¤^‡Ü h_v_© Áv‡bi cwiPq
wg‡j bv; MÖxK&-`k©‡bi Ae¯’vI Z‰_eP| GB êÁvwbK ÎæwU
¯^‡Ë¡I ÒAwfa‡¤§©Ó †h mKj gb¯Í‡Ë¡i Av‡jvPbv Kiv nBqv‡Q,
Zvnv AwZ we¯§qKi| KwZcq ¯’‡j Dnvi wbKU AvaywbK
g‡bvweÁvb nvi gvwb‡Z eva¨|
cvV‡Ki wbKU MÖš’, MÖš’Kvi Ges MÖš’-cÖwZcv`¨-wel‡qi
cwiPq cÖ`vb Kiv gyLeÜ-‡jL‡Ki KË©‡eï g‡a¨| hw` GB
gyLe‡Ü Avwg Dchy³fv‡e GB wZ‡bi cwiPq w`‡Z mÿg nBqv
_vwK, Zvnv nB‡j wbR‡K K…Zv_© g‡b Kwie|
KwjKvZv wek¦we`¨vjq BwZ
14/ 7 /40 kªx‡eYxgvae eo–qv
e³e¨
ÒAwfa¤§Ì-m½‡niÓ e½vbyev` I ms‡ÿcv_© cÖKvwkZ nBj|
Bnv gyL¨Zt wekvj Awfa¤§©-wcU‡Ki GKwU myk„•Ljve× ÒnvZ-
eBÓ Ges Z`vbylw½K AviI wKQy| ÒgyLe‡ÜÓ Bnvi h‡_vwPZ
cwiPq Av‡Q| eªþ‡`‡k hw` †Kn Awfa¤§©-wcUK Aa¨q‡bi B”Qv
K‡ib, Z‡e Zuvnv‡K meŸ©v‡MÖ GB nvRvi eQ‡ii RbwcÖq
ÒAwfa¤§Ì-m½nÓ gyL¯’ I AwaMZ Kwi‡Z nq| Bnv‡Z mgMÖ
Awfa¤§©-wcUK †hb Zuvnvi nv‡Zi gyVvi wfZi Avwmqv c‡o,
Bnvi mßL‡Ði †Kv_vI wZwb w`kvnviv nb bv| †mB mvZ LÐ,-
(1) a¤§-m½bx, (2) wef½, (3) avZzK_v, (4) cyM&Mj-cT&TwË,
(5) K_veÌy, (6) hgK Ges (7) cU&Vvb|
cwÐ‡Ziv cÖgvY cvBqv‡Qb †h, Òa¤§-m½bxÓ, Òwef½Ó Ges
ÒcU&VvbÓ GLb †hgbwU Av‡Q, wVK& †Zgb fv‡eB L„óc~eŸ© PZz_©
kZvãxi cÖ_g fv‡M A_©vr gnvcwiwbeŸ©v‡Yi 100 ermi c‡i,
An©rM‡Yi êkvjx¯’ wØZxq gnvm½xwZ‡Z AaxZ nBqvwQj|
ey‡×i gnvcwiwbeŸ©v‡Yi 236 ermi c‡i, a¤§©v‡kv‡Ki ivR‡Z¡i
Aóv`ke‡l©, Z`ªƒc ÒavZzK_vÓ, cyM&Mj-cT&TwËÓ Ges ÒhgKÓ
GLb †hgb Av‡Q †Zgwb fv‡e, cvUwjcy‡Î (cvUbvq) Z…Zxq
gnvm½xwZ‡Z AaxZ nq|
ev¯ÍweK c‡ÿ Òa¤§-m½YxÓ Ges weivUKvq ÒcU&VvbBÓ
Awfa‡¤§©i weï× mvivsk| Zb¥‡a¨ Òa¤§©-m½YxÓ mgMÖ AšÍR©MZ
I ewnR©M‡Zi hveZxq e¨vcvi‡K A_©vr wPË-‰PZwmK I iƒc‡K
bxwZ ev K¤§© I K¤§©dj Abymv‡i Kzkj, AKzkj I Ae¨vK…‡Z
†kªYxfvM Kwiqv ch©¨‡eÿY Kwiqv‡Q| GBiƒ‡c GBL‡Ð wZbwU
cÖavb wefvMt- (1) wPË-‰PZwm‡Ki we‡kølY, (2) iƒ‡ci
(R‡oi) we‡kølY, (3) wb‡ÿc, (ms‡ÿc, c~eŸ© ewY©‡Zi mswÿß
weeiY)| A_ev PvwiwU cÖavb wefvM ewjqvI aiv hvB‡Z cv‡it-

(1) Kzkj-a¤§©; (2) AKzkj-a¤§©; (3) Ae¨vK…Z-a¤§© Ges (4)
wb‡ÿc| Zb¥‡a¨ Kzkj-wPËmg~n Kzkj-a¤§©; AKzkj-wPËmg~n
AKzkj-a¤§©; wecvK-wPË, wµqv-wPË Ges iƒc-Ae¨vK…Z-a¤§©|
Ae¨vK…Z gv‡b Kzkj ev AKzkj AvKv‡i hvnv AwbwÏ©ó| BnvB
we‡k¦i meŸ©¯^ Ges a¤§©-m½Yxi Av‡jvP¨|
Bnv ejv Am½Z b‡n †h, Òa¤§-m½YxiÓ m¤úv`b-cÖYvjx
†gv‡Ui Dci we‡kølY-g~jK Ges wef‡½i cÖYvjx eis ms‡kølY-
g~jK| Òwef‡½iÓ Av‡jvP¨ welqt- (1) cÂ¯‹Ü, (2)
Øv`kvqZb, (3) Aóv`k avZz, (4) PvwimZ¨, (5) ØvweskwZ
Bw›`ªq, (6) cÖZxZ¨-mgyrcv`, (7) Pvwi ¯§„wZ-cÖ¯’vb, (8) Pvwi
mg¨K&-cÖavb, (9) Pvwi Fw×cv`, (10) mß ‡eva¨½, (11)
Avóvw½K gvM©, (12) a¨vb, (13) Pvwi AcÖ‡gq, (14) wkÿvc`
(cÂkxj), (15) Pvwi cÖwZmw¤¢`v, (16) Ávb-wef½, (17)
ÿz`ªe¯‘ wef½, (wP‡Ëi AKzkj Ae¯’vi `xN© ZvwjKv), (18) a¤§©-
ü`q wef½, (c~eŸ© ewY©‡Zi mswÿß eY©bv)|
wef‡½i cÖ_g wZb Aa¨vq,-GKc‡ÿ a¤§©-m½Yxi cwic~iK,
Aci c‡ÿ avZz-K_vq wfwËg~j| KviY wef‡½i GB wZb
Aa¨vq‡K wfwË Kwiqv, bvbv w`K& w`qv, bvbvfv‡e bvbv cÖYvjx‡Z
¯‹Ü-AvqZb-avZz m¤^‡Ü cÖ‡kœvËi”Q‡j †PŠÏ Aa¨vq-e¨vcx
Av‡jvPbvB GB ÒavZz-K_vÓ| avZzK_v I cyM&Mj-cT&TwË mß
L‡Ði g‡a¨ ÿz`ª-K‡jei |
ÒcyM&Mj-cT&TwËÓ e¨ZxZ Aewkó Qq LÐ Awfa‡¤§©i
Av‡jvPbv-Òbvg-iƒ‡ciÓ e¨vcvi‡K cvigvw_©K fv‡e MÖnY c~eŸ©K
m¤úv`b Kiv nB‡jI GB cyM&Mj-cT&TwË‡Z eënvwiK fv‡eB
Z_v-Kw_Z cy˜Mj ev e¨w³-we‡kl‡K MÖnY I Av‡jvPbv Kiv
nBqv‡Q| h_vt- mg¨K& m¤^y×, cÖ‡Z¨K ey×, Avh¨©-cy˜Mj I
Zvnv‡ì bvbv †kªYx, †MvÎf‚, ˆkÿ¨, A‰kÿ¨ Ges c„_M&Rb

(†jvf-PwiZ, ‡Øl-PwiZ, †gvn-PwiZ, †jvf-‡Øl-PwiZ
BZ¨vw`)|
A‡kv‡Ki ivR‡Z¡i c~eŸ© nB‡Z ÒK_v-eÌyÓ, cÖPwjZ weï×
ey×-evK¨ Aej¤^‡b An©r-¯’wei †gvM&Mwj cyË wZm&m KË©„K
msM„nxZ nq Ges ZvunviB bvqK‡Z¡ Awa‡ewkZ Z…Zxq
gnvm½xwZ‡Z AaxZ I M„nxZ nq| gZvšÍiMÖvnxI weiƒ×evw`M‡Yi
wg_¨vwfg‡Zi cÖZz¨Ëi w`‡Z wMqv Bnvi m¼jb Avek¨K
nBqvwQj|
Òhg‡KiÓ Av‡jvP¨-welqt- (1) g~j-hgK (Kzkj, AKzkj,
Ae¨vK…Z m¤^‡Ü), (2) ¯‹Ü-hgK, (3) AvqZb-hgK, (4) avZz-
hgK, (5) mZ¨-hgK, (6) ms¯‹vi-hgK, (7) Abykq-hgK,
(8) wPË-hgK, (9) a¤§©-hgK, Ges (10) Bw›`ªq-hgK| Bnv‡K
hgK (hyM¥) ejv nBqv‡Q,-KviY ¯^cÿxq I cÖwZcÿxq cÖkœhyMj
I Z`yËi Øviv D³ `k Aa¨v‡q eëüZ mgMÖ cvwifvwlK k‡ãi
A_©‡K wek` I wbðqv_©‡evaK Kiv nBqv‡Q, †hb Zvnv‡Z Ø¨_©
ev KwíZv_© ev Ab¨ †Kvbiƒc D‡Ïk¨-ewnf©‚Z A_© Av‡ivc Kiv
bv hvq| cvV‡Ki †KŠZ‚nj e„w×i Rb¨ ÒmZ¨-hgKÓ nB‡Z GKwU
`„„óvšÍ wèt-
ÒmeŸ©wea Ò`ytL-‡e`bvÓ wK Ò`ytL-
mZ¨Ó? nvu|
Ò`ytL-mZ¨Ó wK
meŸ©wea Ò`ytL-‡e`bvÓ?
bv; myL-‡e`bv `ytL b‡n
e‡U, wKš‘ `ytL-mZ¨Ó|
Bnvi Zvrch¨© GB †h,Ò`ytL-mZ¨Ó RvwZ (genus); Ges myL,

`ytL, A`ytL-AmyL meŸ©wea †e`bv Dnvi †kªYx (species)|
meŸ©wea †e`bv AwbZ¨-¯^fve ewjqv `ytL-wecvKx I `ytL-m‡Zï
mga¤§©x; myZivs `ytL-m‡Zï AšÍM©Z|
Awfa‡¤§©i wekvj I AZ¨vek¨Kxq mßg LÐB ÒcU&VvbÓ|
Bnvi A_© cÖavb-KviY| Òbvg-iƒ‡ciÓ hveZxq e¨vcv‡ii
ci¯úi m¯úK© ev KviY wbY©qB Bnvi cÖwZcv`¨ welq|
eënvwiK fv‡e I fvlvq hvnv‡K Avwg, Zzwg, kÎæ, wgÎ, ivRv,
cÖRv, b`x, ceŸ©Z, bMi, M„n BZ¨vw` ejv nq, Zvnv cvigvw_©K
fv‡e I A‡_© ïay ÒDrcwË-wejqkxj e¨vcviÓ| GB wnmv‡e
cU&Vvb cÖZxZ¨-mgyrcv‡ìB wek`Zg I c~Yv©½ e¨vLv| cÖZxZ¨-
mgyrcv‡` hvnv Øv`k wb`vbvKv‡i mw¾Z I e¨vL¨vZ, cU&Vv‡b
ZvnvB PweŸk cÖKvi cÖZ¨qvKv‡i AZxe wekìƒ‡c cÖgvwYZ I
cÖ`wk©Z| Awfa‡¤§©i g~j cÖwZcv`¨ welq bvg-iƒ‡ci ÒAwbZ¨ZvÓ
I ÒAbvÍZvÓ| Zvnv GB cU&Vv‡b P‚ovšÍ fv‡e gxgvswmZ|
Awfa¤§© I m~‡Îi g‡a¨ Av‡jvP¨ welq m¤^‡Ü †Zgb †Kvb
ev¯ÍweK cv_©K¨ bvB; hvnv wKQy cv_©K¨ Df‡qi welq-web¨vm I
m¤úv`b m¤^‡Ü| m~ÎwcU‡K hvnv Dcw`ó, Awfa¤©§-wcU‡K Zvnv
cy•Lvbycy•Liƒ‡c we‡køwlZ, m¤^Ü-wbiƒwcZ I cÖgvwYZ| Ab¨fv‡e
ewj‡Z †M‡j Òbvg-iƒcÓ m¤^‡Ü Awfa¤§© †hB cig m‡Z¨
DcbxZ; m~‡Î Zvnv Rb-mgv‡R Zvnv‡ìB fvlvq e¨vL¨vZ|
GBRb¨ m~‡Îi fvlv eënvwiK, Ò†evnvi-ePbÓ,-mË¡, AvÍv, Rxe,
Rb¥, g„Zz¨, †è, eªþv, Zzwg, Avwg BZ¨vw`| Awfa‡¤§©i K_v
cvigvw_©K,-ÒcigÌ ePbÓ,-¯‹Ü, AvqZb, avZz, Pz¨wZ,
cÖwZmwÜ, mšÍwZ, AbvÍv BZ¨vw`| m~‡Îi fvlv Av‡Q, †m fvlvq
Zi½ Av‡Q, D”Q¡vm Av‡Q, D`vb Av‡Q, Mv_v Av‡Q, DÏxcbv
Av‡Q, Acvq Av‡Q, Acvq-fq Av‡Q, †è-eªþv Av‡Q,
†è‡jvK-eªþ‡jv‡Ki AvKl©Y Av‡Q, wbeŸ©v‡Yi mymgvPvi Av‡Q|

Awfa¤§© †hb fvlvnxb,-ïay †Q`b, we‡kølY, wefvRb, ch¨©‡eÿY
Ges ˆbe©¨w³K cig mZ-Áv‡bi D™¢vmb| m‡½ m‡½ wPi PÂj
eënvwiK RM‡Zi wbie‡kl wejq-mvab|
Awfa‡¤§© Ávbv¾©b e¨ZxZ †Kn cÖK…Z a¤§©-K_K nB‡Z cv‡i
bv| m~‡Îi Dc‡`k ÒcÖvYxe‡a weiZ _vK; Bnv AKzkj, `ytL-
wecvKxÓ| cÖgvY? m~Î bxie| Awfa¤§©B Bnvi m‡šÍvl-RbK
cÖgvY w`‡e| GRb¨ m×‡¤§© ÒcÖZ¨v‡`k-ev‡ìÓ cÖ‡qvRb nq
bvB, Awfa¤§©B gvbe RvwZi †mB Avw` Kvjxq ÒwKiƒ‡cÓ? GB
AbymwÜrmv‡K mš‘ó Kwiqv‡Q| Ges GB fvi‡ZiB Avh¨©-‡kª‡ôi
gy‡L aŸwbZ KivBqv‡Q-ÒMnKviK! wÙ&‡Vvwm, cyb †Mns b
KvnwmÓ| KviY gbbkxjZvi Pig cwiYwZ GB Awfa¤§©| ZvB
Z…Zxq wcUK `yieMvn, wKš‘ AbeMvn b‡n | Aek¨ †h †Kvb
b~Zb welq wkÿv Kwi‡Z nB‡j, cÖv_wgK evavmg~n AwZµg
Kwi‡Z nq; GLv‡bI Z`ªƒc; †mRb¨ mvabv Avek¨K| we`¨vjq-
cvV¨ R¨vwgwZ, exRMwYZ, c`v_©-we`¨v BZ¨vw` AwaMZ Kwievi
mvabv I `ÿZv, we‡kølY-‡KŠkj I ms‡kølY-ÿgZv hvnvi
Av‡Q, Zvnvi Awfa¤§© AvqË¡ Kwievi kw³I Av‡Q|
kxjm¤úbœZv, msjMœZv I GKwbô mvabvB g~j-K_v| GB Kv‡h¨©
mvsmvwiK RxweKv A¾©‡bi ev iƒc, kã, MÜ, imvw` PwiZv_©
Kwievi †Kvb mvnvh¨ nq bv, eis Z`‡š^lxi c‡ÿ Bnv mg‡qi
Aceënvi| myZivs kxjm¤úbœ bv nB‡j †Kn `k©bv‡jvPbvq
msjMœ¯^fve I GKwbô nB‡Z cv‡i bv| cÖv_wgK evav mg~n
AwZµg Kwievi ci, µwgK AMÖm‡ii m‡½ m‡½, we¯§qgvLv
cÖxwZi i‡m I Af‚Zc~eŸ© Áv‡bi Av¯^v‡` wkÿv_x©i ü`q-gb
DË‡ivËi AvcøyZ nB‡Z _v‡K| ev¯ÍweK nbjyjyi Ae¯’vb,
†b‡cvwjqv‡bi Awfhvb, ivwkqvi kvmb-Zš¿, R¨vwgwZi mgm¨v-
c~iY, AvKv‡ki bÿÎ-MwZ BZ¨vw` AeMZ nIqv A‡cÿv wK

wP‡Ëi AKzkj-e„wË `g‡bi I Kzkj-e„wË msMV‡bi †KŠkj-
cÖYvjx wkÿv Kiv ¸iæZi KË©e¨ b‡n?
Awfa¤§© Aa¨q‡bi c~‡e©Ÿ †eŠ×-a‡¤§©i g~j-wkÿv PZzivh©¨ mZ¨
I Bnvi ˆbwZK D‡Ïk¨ m¤^‡Ü weï× aviYv A¾©b Avek¨K|
huvnviv Bnv A¾©b Kwiqv‡Qb, ZuvnvivB Awfa¤§© cv‡V DcK…Z
nB‡Z cv‡ib| KviY Awfa¤§©v‡jvPbv Zuvnv‡ì GB jä aviYv I
wkÿv‡K ïay cybive„wËi AeKvk cÖ`vb K‡ibv, `vk©wbK AšÍÏw„© ó
ms‡hvM Kwiqv †mB aviYv I wkÿv‡K cÖZ¨ÿ cig-Áv‡b
cwiYZ, MwVZ I cwiew×©ZI K‡i|
evsjv-fvlvq `k©b g~jK MÖš’ weij| GB we¯§qKi Awfa¤§©‡K
wfwË Kwiqv wPšÍvkxj wkwÿ‡Ziv eû Dcv‡`q MÖš’ iPbv Kwi‡Z
cv‡ib Ges ZÏ¦viv RvZxq mvwnZ¨‡K Hk¦h©¨kvjx Kwievi cweÎ
KË©eÏ m¤úvw`Z nB‡Z cv‡i| D”Pv‡½i mvwnZ¨ RvZxq m¤ú`|
wekvj wÎwcUK hvnvi a¤§©-MÖš’, Zvnvi mvwnZ¨-`vwi`ª¨ wK
†kvPbxq b‡n? Awfa‡¤§© D”P †kªYxi mvwn‡Zï my¯^v`y I cywóKi
Lv`¨ mwÂZ Av‡Q| G m¤^‡Ü GKRb wPšÍvkxj Bs‡i‡Ri AwfgZ
cÖwYavb †hvM¨t-
æThe study of Buddhist psychology is endless,
and that is the beauty and fascination of it,
Throughout, it is the same as science, there are
always fresh channels of thought to be
investigated, by the aid of fundamental laws.
æThe more one learns, the more one finds
greater material for work, and the more one
studies the system, the more does one find its
far-reaching demonstrations of explanations.
æThe higher understanding may indeed be said

to be secret knowledge, but anyone may attain to
this higher understanding by the cultivation of
the mind prescribed in the methods given to us
all. through His compassion for all living things
by our Greatest Teacher, Gautama Buddha”.
æThe Nature of Consciousness”.
ÒAwfa‡¤§©i Av‡jvPbv GK AdzišÍ e¨vcvi| ev¯ÍweK BnvB

Bnvi †mŠ›`h©¨, BnvB Bnvi hv`ygš¿| wVK Ro-weÁv‡bi g‡Zv,
g~j-bxwZi mnv‡q Áv‡bi AbymÜv‡bi Rb¨ be be cš’v Bnvi
meŸ©Î wPi we`¨gvb|
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ZZ gnËi DcKiY RywU‡e| GB ixwZ †h hZ †ekx M‡elYv
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cvB‡eÓ|
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wKš‘ Avgv‡ì gnvwkÿK †MŠZg-ey× meŸ© cÖvYxi cÖwZ AbyK¤úv
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Z`byhvqx wP‡Ëi Abykxj‡b †h †Kn D”PZi Ávb AwaKvi
Kwi‡Z cv‡ibÓ|
ey‡×i RxeÏkvq Zuvnvi wfÿz-m•N Awfa¤§©‡K Zuvnv‡ì
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cvIqv hvq| a¤§©‡mbvcwZ mvwicyË Kwn‡jb,-
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meŸ-dvwjdzjvø mvjv, wèŸv g‡T MÜv m¤úevhwšÍ| K_s iƒ‡cb,
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3| AbvMvgx-gvM©-wPË|
4| AinZ¡-gvM©-wPË|
PZzwe©a †jv‡KvËi wecvK wPËt-
5| †mªvZvcwË-dj-wPË|
6| mK…`vMvgx-dj-wPË|
7| AbvMvgx-dj-wPË|
8| AinZ¡-dj-wPË|
meŸ©ï× GB Aówea †jv‡KvËi
Kzkj I wecvK wPË|
¯§viK Mv_vÑ Pvwi gvM© Abymv‡i Kzkj I PZzwe©a,
hvnv cvK Zvnv dj; AbyËi Aówea|
Dcmsnv‡i wPË-MYbv
AKzkj evi wPË, Kzkj GKzk,
QwÎk wecvK wPË, wµqv wPË wek|
Kv‡g‡Z Pzqvbœ wPË, iƒ‡c‡Z cbi,
Øv`k Aiƒc wPË, Aó AbyËi|
G‡KvbbewZ wPË GBiƒ‡c nq;
GKkÕ GKzk wKsev wePÿY Kq|
EbbeŸB cÖKvi wPË wKiƒ‡c GKkÕ GKzk cÖKvi wP‡Ë cwiMwYZ
nBqv‡Q?
[8 cÖKvi †jv‡KvËi wP‡Ëi cÖ‡Z¨KwU‡K a¨vbv‡½i cÂwea
†hvM Abymv‡i MÖnY Kwiqv, H AvU cÖKvi wPË‡K (855) Pwjøk
†kªYx‡Z cwiYZ Kiv nBqv‡Q|]
1| weZK©-wePvi-cÖxwZ-myL-GKvMÖZv mwnZ cÖ_g a¨vb
†mªvZvcwË-gvM©-wPË|
2| wePvi-cÖxwZ-myL-GKvMÖZv mwnZ wØZxq a¨vb †mªvZvcwË-
gvM©-wPË|
3| cÖxwZ-myL-GKvMÖZv mwnZ Z…Zxq a¨vb †mªvZvcwË-gvM©-
wPË|
4| myL-GKvMÖZv mwnZ PZz_© a¨vb †mªvZvcwË-gvM©-wPË|
5| D‡cÿv GKvMÖZv mwnZ cÂg a¨vb †mªvZvcwË-gvM©-wPË|
GB cÂ †mªvZvcwË-gvM©-wPË| †mBiƒc mK…`vMvgx-gvM©-wPË,
AbvMvgx-gvM©-wPË, AinË-gvM©-wPË| meŸ©ï× weskwZ cÖKvi
gvM©-wPË| †mBiƒc weskwZ cÖKvi dj-wPË| Dfqwea wPË
GKz‡b Pwjøk cÖKvi †jv‡KvËi-wPË cwiMwYZ|
¯§viK Mv_vt- cÖwZwPË a¨vb-A‡½ cuvP¸Y Kwi,

‡jv‡KvËi-wPË Z‡e Pwjøk wePvwi|
iƒc-wPË a¨vb-‡f‡` hy³ cÂ a¨v‡b,
Z_v †jv‡KvËi; wKš‘ Aiƒc cÂ‡g|
cÖ_gvw`1 cÖwZ a¨v‡b wPË GKv`k,
AwšÍg cÂg a¨v‡b wPË wKš‘ †ZÕk|
mßwÎskr cyY¨ wPË2 evqvbœ wecvK3;
GKkÕ GKzk wPË ey‡ai wefvM|
GB ch©¨šÍ Awfa¤§©v_© msMÖ‡n ÒwPË-msMÖn-wefvMÓ bvgK
cÖ_g cwi‡”Q`|

wPË msMÖ‡ni ms‡ÿcv_© eY©bv|
wÎwcUKt- mg¨K& m¤^y‡×i m×¤§© ms‡ÿcZt kxj, mgvwa I
cÖÁv| Z`bymv‡i GB a¤§©-MÖš’ webq, m~Î I Awfa¤§©Ñ GB wZb
fv‡M wef³ wÎi‡Zœi Avavi wÎwcUK|
webq-wcUKt- webq wcU‡K g~jZt wfÿz I wfÿz-m‡•Ni ÿy`-ª
e„nr hveZxq ewnivPiY m¤^Üxq weav‡biB mwbœ‡ek| Bnvi wkÿv
kxj| GBiƒ‡c webq-wcUK Òkvmb-wewaÓ I Ò`Û-wewaÓ|
1
A_©vr cÖ_g, wØZxq, Z…Zxq, Ges PZz_© a¨v‡bi cÖ‡Z¨K a¨v‡b GMvi wPË| h_v:-
iƒcveP‡ii cÖ_g a¨v‡b Kzkj, wecvK I wµqv Abymv‡i wZb wPË| AiƒcveP‡ii
cÖ_g, wØZxq, Z„Zxq Ges PZz_© a¨vb-wPË bvB| †jv‡KvË‡ii cÖ_g a¨v‡b, gvM© I
dj wnmv‡e, AvU wPË| cÖ_g a¨vwbK meŸ© †gvU GB GMvi wPË| ‡mBiƒc 2q,
3q, 4_© a¨v‡bi cÖ‡Z¨K a¨v‡b I GMvi wPË| wKš‘ cÂg-a¨vwbK wPË iƒcveP‡i
wZb, AiƒcveP‡i evi Ges †jv‡KvË‡i AvU| meŸ©ï× ‡ZBk cÂg-a¨vwbK wPË|
2
†jvKxq 17 + †jv‡KvËi 20 = 37 cyY¨-wPË|
3
†jvKxq 32 + ‡jv‡KvËi 20 = 52 wecvK-wPË|
m~Î-wcUKt- m~Î-wcU‡K Z…òv, wg_¨v`„wó, Abykq,

wg_¨vmsKívw` m¤^‡Ü cÖ‡qvRbvbyiƒc cÖ`Ë ey‡×i Drmvn c~Y©
a‡¤§©vc‡`k wjwce×| GB iƒ‡c Bnv Òh_v-cÖ‡qvRb-wewaÓ|
Awfa¤§©-wcUKt- Awfa‡¤§©i wkÿv h_vf~Z `k©b ev cÖÁv|
myZivs Ògvbyl wK,Ó Ògvby‡li jÿ¨B ev wKÓ Òcvwicvwk¦©K
Ae¯’vi mwnZ Zvnvi m¤^ÜB ev wKÓ BZ¨vw` h_vf~Z wePvi I
gxgvsmv Kwi‡Z hvBqv Awfa‡¤§©i Av‡jvP¨ welq wPË, ˆPZwmK,
iƒc I wbeŸ©vY,Ñ GB PZzwe©a nBqv‡Q| Bnv‡Z †mB j‡ÿï
AbyK‚j I cÖwZK‚j welqI †nZz g~jK we‡kœlY Øviv cÖ`wk©Z|
GBiƒ‡c Awfa¤§©-wcUK Òkxj-`k©bÓ|
Av‡jvPbvi cÖKvit- GB Awfa¤§© Bnvi Av‡jvP¨ wel‡qi
wePvi I gxgvsmv cvigvw_©K fv‡eB m¤úv`b Kwiqv‡Q,-eënvwiK
A‡_© b‡n|
m¤§wZ-mZ¨ I cigv_©-mZ¨t- wgwj›` iv‡Ri Òi_Ó ïay `ªe¨-
m¤¢v‡ii-we‡klvKv‡ii mwbœ‡e‡ki Ae¯’v gvÎ| `ªe¨-m¤¢vi‡K ev`
w`qv Òi‡_iÓ we`¨gvbZv bvB| GB Rb¨ Avqy®§vb bvM‡mb
wRÁvmv KwiqvwQ‡jb, Òi_ †Kv_vqÓ? Òi_Ó ÒeënvwiK-mZ¨Ó
ev Òm¤§wZ-mZ¨Ó| †jvK-hvÎv wbeŸ©v‡ni myweav_© meŸ©m¤§wZµ‡g
`ªe¨-m¤¢v‡ii mwbœweó Ae¯’v‡K Òi_Ó ejv nq gvÎ| myZivs hvnv
ÒeënvwiK-mZ¨Ó Zvnv `ªe¨-m¤¢v‡ii Dci wbf©i K‡i | wKš‘
cvigvw_©K mZ¨ Ab¨ wKQyi Dci wbf©ikxj b‡n; Bnv Abb¨-
mv‡cÿ| eënvwiK-mZ¨vbymv‡i i_, M„n, f~wg, ceŸ©Z, cyiæl,
¯¿x, cyÎ, Kb¨v, Kvj, w`K&, K‚c, b`x, P›`ª, m~h©¨ BZ¨vw`
we`¨gvb| wKš‘ cvigvw_©K fv‡e Awe`¨gvb cigv_©-mZ¨ ev
Ab‡cÿ-mZ¨vbymv‡i mË¡ ev AvÍv we`¨gvb bvB; cÂ-¯‹ÜB
we`¨gvb| Afve-‡evaK cÖZ¨ÿ Dw³ Kwi‡Z nB‡j ewj‡Z
nq,øwbtmË¡ ev AbvÍB we`¨gvb|
cvigvw_©K-mZ¨-Ávb jv‡fi Avek¨KZvt- GB cvigvw_©K

mZ¨ eywSqv I Z`bymv‡i Rxeb MVb Kwiqv m¤§wZ-m‡Zï
cÖfv‡evrcbœ wg_¨v-`„wó I Z¾wbZ msmvi-`ytL nB‡Z wPi-gyw³i
Rb¨ GB ÒAwfa¤§©Ó,- GB Òkxj-`k©bÓ-AZzjbxq I Acwinvh©¨
Aej¤^b|
wPËt- hvnv wPšÍv K‡i ZvnvB wPË| wK wPšÍv K‡i? welq ev
Avj¤^b1 wPšÍv K‡i| GLv‡b ÒwPšÍv K‡iÓ A_© Avj¤^b MÖnY K‡i,
Avj¤^b Rv‡b, Avj¤^b AeMZ nq| ÒwPËÓ, ÒgbÓ, ÒweÁvbÓ
GKv_©-‡evaK; Bnv‡ì †h †Kvb GKwU Ab¨ `yBwUi cÖwZkã
iƒ‡c eëüZ nq| Zvnv‡ì jÿY h_vµ‡g wPšÍb, gbb I
weRvbb; BnvivI GKv_©-‡evaK| Avj¤^b weRvbb wP‡Ëi ¯^fve|
‰PZwmKt- ˆPZwmK ev wPË-e„wËi msL¨v evqvbœ| wØZxq
Aa¨v‡q Bnv‡ì cÖ‡Z¨KwU e¨vL¨vZ nBqv‡Q| Bnviv wewfbœ
mgev‡q wP‡Ëi mwnZ GKm‡½ Drcbœ I wb‡iva nq Ges GK
Avj¤^b I GK ev¯‘ MÖnY K‡i| wPË ¯^fveZt fv¯î; wKš‘
ˆPZwm‡Ki ms‡hv‡M wPË ˆPZwm‡Ki ¯^fvevbyiƒc Ae¯’v cÖvß nq|
Zvnv nB‡jI wPË Bnvi ÒweRvbbÓ ¯^fve cwiZ¨vM K‡i bv;
ˆPZwmK wP‡Ëi Avkªq wfbœ Drcbœ nB‡Z cv‡i bv| wKš‘ wPË
ˆPZwm‡Ki mvnvh¨ wfbœ Drcbœ nB‡Z cv‡i| wØcÂ-weÁv‡b ïay
meŸ©-wPËmvaviY mß ˆPZwmK hy³ _v‡K| BnvB cÖK…Z wPË| Bnv
†Øl-‰PZwmK ev †jvf-‰PZwmK ev Ab¨vb¨ ˆPZwmK wenxb nBqv
Drcbœ nq| wKš‘ †Øl-‰PZwmK ev †jvf-ˆPZwmKvw` wP‡Ëi
Avkªq e¨ZxZ Drcbœ nB‡Z cv‡i bv| GB A‡_© wPËB †e`bv,
1
| Ro ev ARo hvnv‡K Aej¤^b Kwiqv wPË Drcbœ nq Zvnv‡K wP‡Ëi ÒwelqÓ
ev ÒAvj¤^bÓ ev ÒAej¤^b ev ÒAvi¤^YÓ| GB m¤^‡Ü we¯—…Z Av‡jvPbv Z…Zxq
cwi‡”Q‡ì ÒAvj¤^b msMÖ‡nÓ `ªóe¨|
msÁv, ms¯‹vivwì g‡a¨ †kªô| Òg‡bvcyeŸ½gv g‡bv‡mU&Vv,

g‡bvgqvÓ|
iƒct- Ro-c`v_©| ˆk‡Z¨ ev DËv‡c hvnvi cwieË©b N‡U
ZvnvB ÒiƒcÓ ev Ro-c`v_©| Awfa‡¤§© Ro-c`v_©‡K Bnvi
¸Yvejx‡Z cwiYZ Kwiqv cvigvw_©K fv‡e ch©‡eÿY I
Av‡jvPbv Kiv nBqv‡Q| Bnv‡ì msL¨v AóweskwZ| Bnv lô
cwi‡”Q‡` Av‡jvwPZ nBqv‡Q|
wbeŸ©vYt- wbeŸ©vY Z…òv-ÿq, cyb¾©‡b¥i wb‡iva| Bnv ey‡×i I
‡eŠ‡×i Pig jÿ¨| Z…òvB `yt†Li †nZz; myZivs hvnv Z…òvi
wbeŸ©vY, Zvnv `yt†LiI wbeŸ©vY| Z…òv‡K ‰Zj Ges `ytL‡K `xc-
wkLv Kíbv KwiqvB Z…òv-ÿ‡qi Ae¯’v‡K `xc-wbeŸ©v‡Yi Ae¯’vi
DcgvKv‡i ejv nBqv‡Q| BnvI lô cwi‡”Q‡ì †klfv‡M
Av‡jvwPZ nBqv‡Q|
1| KvgvePi wPËt- fywg ev DrcwË ¯’vb Abymv‡i wPË Pvwi
fv‡M wef³t- †h me wPË iƒc, kã, MÜ, im ev ¯úÖóe¨‡K
Avj¤^b Kwiqv I Kvg-Z…òvi m¤úwK©Z nBqv Drcbœ nq, Zvnv
KvgvePi wPË| Bnv Kvg‡jv‡Ki mË¡M‡Yi wbKU we`¨gvb Z…òvi
AšÍM©Z wPË Ges Kzkj, AKzkj, wecvK I wµqv‡f‡` PZzwe©a|
2| iƒcvePi-wPËt- iƒcvePi-wPË a¨vb-wPË Ges Kvg-Z…òv
ew¾©Z| wKš‘ iƒc-Z…òv ev iƒc-‡jv‡Ki mË¡M‡Yi wbKU we`¨gvb
Z…òvi AšÍM©Z| iƒc-wPË Kzkj, wecvK I wµqv‡f‡` wÎwea|
cÖwZfvM1 wbwgËvKv‡i msÁvR iƒc‡K Avj¤^b KwiqvB GB iƒc-
a¨vb-wPË Drcbœ nq|
3| AiƒcvePi-wPËt- AiƒcvePi-wPËI a¨vb-wPË| Bnv ïay
cÂg-a¨vwbK| AvKvkvw` AiƒcB Bnvi Avj¤^b| Bnv Kvg-Z…òv
1
| beg cwi‡”Q‡ì wbwgË-wefvM `ªóe¨|
I iƒc-Z…òv Dfq Z…òv ew¾©Z| wKš‘ Aiƒc-Z…òv ev Aiƒc-

‡jv‡Ki mË¡M‡Yi wbKU we`¨gvb fe-Z…òvi AšÍM©Z| Kzkj,
wecvK I wµqv‡f‡` Aiƒc-wPË wÎwea|
4| †jv‡KvËi-wPËt- KvgvePi, iƒcvePi I AiƒcvePi-
wP‡Ëi mvaviY bvg †jvKxq-wPË| KviY Bnviv ms¯‹vi I
ewnR©M‡Zi (†jv‡Ki) cÖfv‡e cÖfvevwš^Z Avj¤^b MÖn‡Y Drcbœ
nq| C`„k cÖfvevwš^Z Avj¤^b cwiZ¨vM Kwiqv wPË hLb
wbeŸ©vY‡K Avj¤^b Kwiqv Drcbœ nq, ZLb Dnv †jv‡KvËi-wPË|
gvM© I dj‡f‡` †jv‡KvËi-wPË wØwea| BnvI a¨vb-wPË|
1| KvgvePi-wPË|
(1) Øv`k AKzkj-wPË|
AKzkj-wPËt- †hB wPË Rxeb-`yt†Li Ges †mB `yt†Li †nZz
Z…òvi RbK, cwi‡cvlK I cwie×©K †mB wPËB AKzkj| Ges
†hB wPË Dnv‡ì ÿq-KviK I aŸsm-mvaK ZvnvB Kzkj-wPË|
GB A‡_© †jvf-‡Øl I †gvn AKzk‡ji †nZz| †jvf Ges †Ø‡li
†nZzI †gvn| myZivs AKzkj-wPË †nZz ev g~j Abymv‡i wÎweatø
†jvf-g~jK, †Øl-g~jK I †gvn-g~jK| †nZz‡K †Kb e„ÿ-g~‡ji
mwnZ Zzjbv Kiv nBqv‡Q Zvnv Z…Zxq cwi‡”Q‡` Ò†nZz-msMÖ‡nÓ
`ªóe¨| G¯’‡j Bnv g‡b ivwL‡Z nB‡e †h, †hgb †jvf-g~jK
wP‡Ë †Zgb †Øl-g~jK wP‡ËI Ò‡gvnÓ we`¨gvb| myZivs †jvf-
g~jK wPË ev¯ÍweK c‡ÿ wØ-‡nZzK;ø†jvf-‡gvn-†nZzK| Z`ªƒc
†Øl-g~jK wPËI wØ-‡nZzK,ø‡Øl-‡gvn-‡nZzK| wKš‘ †gvn-g~jK
wPË g~jvšÍi-weiwnZ A_©vr ïay †gvn-†nZzK| †jvf-g~jK wPË
mg~‡n †gvn we`¨gvb _vwK‡jI †jv‡fi cÖvavb¨ †nZz Bnvw`M‡K
†jvf-g~jK ejv nBqv‡Q| †Øl-g~jK wPË m¤^‡ÜI Z`ªƒc| †gvn-
g~jK wP‡Ë †jvf ev †Øl we`¨gvb _v‡K bv| Avevi †jvf-g~jK
wP‡Ë †Øl Ges †Øl-g~jK wP‡Ë †jvf we`¨gvb _vwK‡Z cv‡i bv|
KviY †jv‡fi ¯^fve Avjš^b‡K Dc‡fvM I iÿv Kiv; †Ø‡li
¯^fve Avj¤^b‡K aŸsm Kiv| GBRb¨ GB `yB wecixZ ¯^fve-
m¤úbœ †nZzi GKwea wP‡Ë we`¨gvb Am¤¢e|
(1) Øv`k AKzkj wPË|
(K) ‡jvf-g~jK-wPË-1-8t- ‡jvf-g~jK-wPË ev¯ÍweK c‡ÿ
GKwU| wKš‘ Ò‡e`bvÓ, Ò`„wóÓ I Òms¯‹v‡iiÓ wewfbœ mgv‡e‡k
Bnv Aówea nBqv‡Q| Ò‡e`bvÓ †f‡` Bnv †mŠgbm¨ ev D‡cÿv
mnMZ| Ò`„wóÓ †f‡` Bnv Ò`„wó-m¤cÖhy³ ev `„wó-wecÖhy³| `„wó-
wecÖhy³ nB‡j ÒgvbÓ ˆPZwmK-m¤cÖhy³ nBevi AeKvk nq|
Òms¯‹viÓ †f‡` GB wPË Amvs¯‹vwiK ev mmvs¯‹vwiK|
‡jvf-wP‡Ëi †e`bvt- †mŠgbm¨ ev Abyf~Z Avb›` †jvf-g~jK
wP‡ËvrcwËi m‡½ m‡½ AM¤¢xi ¯^fve e¨w³i wbKU Drcbœ nq|
D‡cÿv-†e`bv ejv nq ZLb, hLb Avb›` Abyf~Z nq bv| M¤¢xi
¯^fve e¨w³i wbKUB †jvf-g~jK wP‡ËvrcwË m‡½ D‡cÿv-†e`bv
Drcbœ nq| †jv‡fi g~j †mŠgbm¨-mnMZ wPË nB‡Z D‡cÿv-
mnMZ wP‡Ë MfxiZi| `„óvšÍ ¯îƒc ejv hvB‡Z cv‡i, hw` †Kn
`qvciek nBqv `yBRb wfÿzK‡K GK GK UvKv wfÿv †`b Ges
Zvnv‡Z hw` GK Rb Avb›` Abyfe K‡i, Ab¨ Rb Avb›`
Abyfe K‡i bv, Z‡e ewj‡Z nB‡e †jv‡fi g~j H Abyf~Zvb›`
wPË nB‡Z Abbyf~Zvb›` wP‡Ë MfxiZi| GK UvKvi AwaK wfÿv
cvB‡j GB wØZxq wfÿz‡Ki wP‡Ë Abyfe-‡hvM¨ Avb›` Drcbœ
nBZ|
`„wót- G¯’‡j Ò`„wóÓ wg_¨v`„wó 62 cÖKvi wg_¨v`„wó we¯ÍvwiZ
eY©bv `xN©-wbKv‡qi Òeªþ-Rvj-m~‡ÎÓ cvIqv hvq| GB cy¯‡Í Ki
mßg cwi‡”Q‡Ì cvVK G m¤^‡Ü Av‡jvPbv †`wL‡Z cvB‡eb|
†jvfbxq Avj¤^b‡K ïf, myL, wbZ¨ I AvZ¥v ewjqv MÖnYB `„wói

jÿY ev ¯^fve| Am×¤§© kªeY, AKj¨vY wgÎZv, Avh©¨M‡Yi
A`k©‡b”Qv I A‡nZz-g~jK wPšÍvB wg_¨v `„wó DrcwËi KviY|
wg_¨v`„wó gnv cvc| Bnvi cwiYvgøe×g~j wg_¨v-aviYv| †nZz-
g~jK wPšÍvB Bnv Ac‡bv`‡bi Dcvq| Zx_©-øv‡b, cvc-aŸsm, cyÎ-
g~L-`k©b Øviv cybœvg biK nB‡Z cwiÎv‡Yi Rb¨ fvh©¨v MÖnY,
BZ¨vw` Kvh©¨ hw` C`„k AwfcÖv‡q Kiv nq, Z‡e wPË wg_¨v`„wó-
mnMZ nq| wKš‘ hw` Hiƒc Kvh©¨vw` jvfRbK I wnZKi b‡n
RvwbqvI ïay AvZ¥-gh©©¨v`v iÿv_© m¤úvw`Z nq, Z‡e Dnv ÒgvbÓ
m¤cÖhy³| wKš‘ hw` Dnv wg_¨v`„wó RvwbqvI AvÍ-gh©¨v`vi cÖkœ bv
DwV‡jI, myL-‡e`bvi Rb¨ m¤úvw`Z nq, Z‡e Dnv Ò`„wóÓ-
ÒgvbÓ Dfq weew¾©Z †jvf-wPË|
ms¯‹vit- †hB wPË Avj¤^‡bi cÖfve e¨ZxZ, †Kvbiƒc Drmvn
e¨ZxZ, wfZi evwni †Kv_vI nB‡Z †Kvbiƒc D‡ËRbv
e¨wZ‡i‡K, ïay ¯^xq ¯^fve †nZz, Zxÿèfv‡e Drcbœ nq, †mB wPË
Amvs¯‹vwiK| mmvs¯‹vwiK wPË axifv‡e, Avj¤^b mgvM‡g ev
wb‡Ri ev c‡ii Drmvn D‡ËRbv mv‡cÿ nBqv Drcbœ nq|
myZivs mmvs¯‹vwiK wP‡Ëi m‡½ Ò¯Í¨vb-wg×Ó ˆPZwmK mshy³
_v‡K| GBRb¨ Amvs¯‹vwiK wPË mmvs¯‹vwiK wPË nB‡Z AwaK
cÖej|
DrcwËµg-cÖ_g †jvf-wPËt- iƒc, kã, MÜ, im, ¯cÖóe¨ ev
fve-Avj¤^b‡K mvi I g½jKi g‡b Kwiqv, ZrZr Avj¤^‡b
Avb‡›ì mwnZ, Zxÿèfv‡e, Drmvn e¨wZ‡i‡K, AMÖ-cðvr
we‡ePbv bv Kwiqv, GB wPË ¯^xq ¯^fve †nZz Drcbœ nq|
wØZxq †jvf-wP‡Ë Òms¯‹viÓB we‡klZ¡| Bnv iƒcvw`
Avj¤^b‡K mvi I g½jKi g‡b Kwiqv, wb‡Ri Øviv ev c‡ii
Øviv A_ev Avj¤^‡bi Øviv DrmvwnZ, cÖ‡ivwPZ nBqv, Avb‡›ì

mwnZ, wKš‘ BZ¯ÍZt Kwiqv Drcbœ nq|
Z…Zxq †jvf wP‡Ë Ò`„wó-wecÖhy³ZvÓB we‡klZ¡| Bnv iƒcvw`
Avj¤^‡b wg_¨v`„wó Øviv cwiPvwjZ bv nBqvI, ïay AvÍ-gh©¨v`v
iÿvi Rb¨, wKsev Dc‡fv‡Mi Rb¨ Drmvn e¨wZ‡i‡K Zxÿèfv‡e
Drcbœ nq|
PZz_© †jvf-wP‡Ë Òmmvs¯‹vwiKZvÓB we‡klZ¡; Ab¨_v Z…Zxq
wP‡ËiB Abyiƒc|
5g, 6ô, 7g, 8g †jvf-wP‡Ë †mŠgb‡mï Afvetø D‡cÿv
†e`bvB we‡klZ¡| Ab¨_v GB wPË PZzóq h_vµ‡g 1g, 2q, 3q,
4_© wP‡Ëi Abyiƒc|
ejeËvt- GB Aówea †jvf-wP‡Ëi g‡a¨ø (1) †mŠgbm¨
mnMZ wPË A‡cÿv, D‡cÿv-mnMZ wPË ejeËi| (2) `„wóMZ-
wecÖhy³ wPË A‡cÿv `„wóMZ m¤cÖhy³ wPË ejeËi| (3)
mmvs¯‹vwiK wPË nB‡Z Amvs¯‹vwiK wPË ejeËi| Ges †e`bv,
`„wó I ms¯‹v‡ii g‡a¨ ms¯‹vi ejevb, †e`bv ejeËi, `„wó
ejeËg| D‡cÿv I `„wó m¤cÖhy³ nB‡j, mmvs¯‹vwiK wPË
Amvs¯‹vwiK wPË A‡cÿv ejeËi nq| AZGe cÖ_g wPË nB‡Z
lô wPË ejeËi| mßg wPË nB‡Z wØZxq wPË ejeËi| 4_© wPË
A‡cÿv 3q, Z`‡cÿv 8g, Z`‡cÿv 7g, Z`‡cÿv 2q,
Z`‡cÿv 1g, Z`‡cÿv 6ô, Z`‡cÿv 5g, wPË Abyµ‡g
ejeËi|
K¤§©c_t- Pzwi, KvgvPvi, wg_¨v-evK¨, wcïb-evK¨,
mw¤¢bœvjvc, Awfa¨v, wg_¨v`„wó GB mvZwU †jvf-g~jK K¤§©| GB
mßwea †jvf-g~jK AKzkj K‡¤§©i cÖ‡Z¨KwU, Aówea †jvf-g~jK
wP‡Ëi g‡a¨ †h †Kvb GK wP‡Ëi Ae¯’v jBqv m¤úvw`Z nBqv
_v‡K| myZivs wP‡ËvrcwËi AvKv‡i ‡jvf-wPË Aówea nB‡jI,
mßwea K¤§©-c_ cÖvwß‡Z Bnv 56 Qvàvbœ cÖKvi nq| †jvf

¸iæZi cvc-wP‡Ëi ‡nZz bv nB‡jI Bnvi we`~iY `xN©Kvjxb
mvabv mv‡cÿ|
Òiv‡Mv Aà&-mve‡¾v, `Ü-weivMxÓ|
wZK-wbcvZ, gnve¹, 18|
(L) †Øl-g~jK wPË-9-10t- Avj¤^b‡K nbb Kwievi B”Qv
Drcbœ nB‡jB wP‡Ëi ÒcÖwZNÓ Ae¯’v| cÖwZN-nb& avZz wb®úbœ|
Bnvi A_© nbb Kiv| gvbwmK `ytL-†e`bv cÖwZN wP‡Ëi wbZ¨
mnPi| †`Š¤§©bm¨ AwcÖq (Awbó) Avj¤^b-Abyfe jÿY wewkó
Ges †e`bv-¯‹‡Üi AšÍM©Z| cÖwZN ev †Øl PÛ-¯^fve-m¤úbœ;
Ges ms¯‹vi-¯‹‡Üi AšÍM©Z| Avj¤^‡bi Awbó mva‡b DfqB
GK-¯^fve-wewkó| cÖwZN-wP‡Ë GKwea †e`bv,ø†`Š¤§©bm¨|
†jvf-wP‡Ë wØwea †e`bv,ø†mŠgbm¨ I D‡cÿv| †jvf-wP‡Ë
†`Š¤§©bm¨ _v‡K bv Ges cÖwZN-wP‡Ë †mŠgbm¨ ev D‡cÿv †e`bvi
¯’vb bvB| myZivs cÖwZN-wPË †e`bvbymv‡i wefvM Kiv hvB‡Z
cv‡i bv| ms¯‹vi Abymv‡iB Bnvi `yB cÖKvi wefvM|
†Øl-wP‡Ëi K¤§©c_t- cÖvwYea, Pzwi, wg_¨v evK¨, wcïb evK¨,
ciæl evK¨, mw¤¢bœvjvc I e¨vcv`; GB mßwea AKzkj K¤§© †Øl-
g~jK| Bnvi †h †Kvb GKwU Kvh©¨ m¤úv`b Kv‡j, wPË wØwea
†Øl-g~jK wP‡Ëi g‡a¨ †Kvb GKwUi Ae¯’v cÖvß nq| cÖvwYea
A‡bK mgq †jvf †nZzR ewjqvB g‡b nq| ev¯ÍweK c‡ÿ
cÖvwYe‡ai mwnZ †jv‡fi †nZz m¤^Ü b‡n;øÒDcwbkªqÓ m¤^Ü|
ÒcU&Vv‡bÓ1 D‡jøL Av‡Q ÒivMs Dcwbm&mvh cvYs nbwZÓ|
1
| Awfa¤§©-wcU‡Ki mßg L‡Êi bvg ÒcU&VvbÓ| Bnv evsjv cÖwZkã ÒcÖavb-
KviYÓ|
Rxwe‡Zw›`ªq †Q`b-gyn~‡Ë© NvZ‡Ki wP‡Ë cÖwZNB wµqvkxj

_v‡K, †jvf Abyrcbœ _v‡K| gvs‡mi Rb¨ †jvf e‡U, wKš‘ ea-
wµqvwU meŸ©Î †Øl-g~jK|
cÖwZN wP‡Ë Cl©v, gvrmh©¨ I †KŠK…Z¨ c„_K c„_K fv‡e hy³
nq| Zvnv‡ì Avj¤^‡bi wewfbœZv †nZz GK wP‡Ë GKm‡½ hy³
n‡Z cv‡i bv|
†Øl gnvcvc| ˆgÎx Bnvi cÖwZcÿ| ˆgÎx-wPË Drcv`b Øviv
†Øl-wP‡Ëi we`~iY A`xN©-Kvj mv‡cÿ| Ò†`v‡mv gnvmve‡¾v,
wLàweivMxÓ|
A½yËi-wZK-wbcvZ, gnveM&M 18|
(M) †gvn-g~jK wPË-11-12t- †gvn-wPË GKgvÎ D‡cÿv-
‡e`bv-mnMZ| Bóvwbó †ev‡ai Afve †nZz †gvn-wP‡Ë †mŠgbm¨
ev †`Š¤§©b‡mï ¯’vb bvB| †gv‡ni AvwaK¨ †nZz wPË Avj¤^‡b
Awfwb‡e‡k Amg_©; †mBRb¨ Bnv wewPwKrmv ev J×Z¨
m¤úÖhy³| †gvnv”Qbœ wPË Avj¤^‡bi cÖK…Z ¯^fve Rvwb‡Z Aÿg|
‡mRb¨ wPË ÒBnvÓ bv ÒDnvÓ, ÒGiƒcÓ bv ÒAbïƒcÓ C`„k
mskq-‡`vjvq `ywj‡Z _v‡K| wP‡Ëi GB †`vjvqgvb Ae¯’vB
wewPwKrmv| wKš‘ wPË hLb Avj¤^‡b GKvMÖ nB‡Z cv‡i bv,
Avj¤^b nB‡Z cybt cybt wewÿß nB‡Z _v‡K, ZLb wP‡Ëi
J×‡Zï ev PvÂ‡jï Ae¯’v| ÒJ×Z¨Ó meŸ© AKzkj-wPË-
mvaviY ˆPZwmK nB‡jI, Ges Z‡ØZz Bnv †jvf-g~jK I †Øl-
g~jK wP‡Ë we`¨gvb _vwK‡jI, †gvn-wP‡Ë Bnv cÖej ewjqv,
†gvn-wPË‡K ÒJ×Z¨-m¤úÖhy³Ó ejv nBqv‡Q| †jvf-wP‡Ë
†jv‡fi I †Øl-wP‡Ë †Ø‡li cÖvej¨ _vKv‡Z J×‡Zï wµqv
Abyf‚Z nq bv|
†gvn-wPË wewPwKrmv I J×Z¨ m¤úÖhy³ ewjqv Avj¤^b‡K `„p

fv‡e MÖnY Kwi‡Z cv‡i bv; Z¾b¨ GB wPË ÒDcv`v‡bÓ1
cwiYZ nB‡Z cv‡i bv; myZivs cÖwZmwÜ NUvB‡ZI Aÿg _v‡K|
wKš‘ hLb cÖwZmwÜ N‡U, ZLb Bnv wecvK (dj) cÖ`vb K‡i|
†gvn gnvcvc Ges Bnvi we`~iYI `xN©Kvj mv‡cÿ| Ò†gv‡nv
gnvmve‡¾v, ØÜweivMxÓ|
A½yËi-wZK-wbcvZ|
†gvn-wPËØ‡q †hgb †e`bvi cv_©K¨ bvB, DfqB GKgvÎ
D‡cÿv-‡e`bv mshy³, †Zgb Bnv‡ì g‡a¨ ms¯‹v‡iiI wewfbœZv
bvB| Zvnvi KviY †gv‡ni ¯^fv‡e ZxÿèZv I Drmv‡ni Afve|
†jvf-wP‡Ëi ÒD‡cÿvÓ †mŠgb‡mï kgZv RwbZ; wKš‘ †gvn-
wP‡Ëi ÒD‡cÿvÓ †mŠgbm¨-‡`Š¤§©bm¨ Df‡qi Afve RwbZ|
†gvn-wPË‡K Ò†gvg~n-wPËÓ ejv nq| Ò†gv‡nb g~n¨wšÍ
AwZm‡hb msg~n¨wšÍ, g~jšÍi weiwn‡ZvÕwZ †gvg~nvwbÓ| †hB wPË
†jvf-†Ølvw`-Ab¨g~j weiwnZ nBqv ïay †gvn Øviv g~w”QZ nq,
cÖg~w”QZ nq, ZvnvB Ò†gvg~n-wPËÓ|
cÖZxZ¨-mgyrcv` a‡¤§© Z_v Pvwi Avh©¨-m‡Z¨, Áv‡bv`q nB‡j
†gvn we`~wiZ nq| m~Î-wcU‡K †gvn Awe`¨v bvg cÖvß nBqv‡Q|
GB †gvn ev Awe`¨v we`~wiZ nB‡j †gvn g~jK wP‡ËvrcwË †hgb
Am¤¢e nq, †Zgwb ‡jvf-g~jK I †Øl-g~jK wP‡ËvrcwËI Am¤¢e
nq| KviY †jvf Ges †Ø‡li †nZzI GB †gvn| Awe`¨vi we`~i‡Y
we‡`¨vrcwË‡Z †h ïay AKzkj mmvs¯‹v‡ivrcwË iæ× nq Zvnv
b‡n, Kzkjvw` ms¯‹viI wb‡iva cÖvß nq|
KzkjvKzkj meŸ©wea ms¯‹viB AwbZ¨ Ges cyb¾©b¥`vqK;
myZivs `ytL,øÒm‡eŸ m•Lviv `yK&LvÓ| GB †gvnB
1
| Dcv`vb-NYxf‚Z Z…òv-hvnvi K‡¤§© cwiYZ nBevi ¶gZv nq|
ms¯‹v‡ivrcwËi cÖavb KviY| myZivs GB `yišÍ kÎæi cÖfve

cÖnZ KivB gvb‡ei gyL¨ jÿ¨ nIqv DwPZ| Òa¤§-c`Ó I
e‡jtø
Òc_e¨v GKi‡¾b mM&Mm&m Mg‡bb ev
meŸ-‡jvKvÕwac‡”Pb †mvZvcwË-djs eisÓ| 178
ÒmgMÖ c„w_exi GK”QÎ ivRZ¡ nB‡Z, ¯^M©-myL nB‡Z,
GgbwK wÎ‡jv‡Ki AvwacZ¨ nB‡ZI †mªvZvcwË-dj DrK…óÓ|
AKzk‡ji ms‡ÿcv_© eY©b mgvß Kwievi c~‡eŸ© GB gvÎ
e³e¨ †h, AKzk‡ji cwiYvg Ò`ytLÓ| Bnvi Kvh©¨ Kzk‡ji
weiæ×vPiY; AvKvi KjywlZ fve| Bnvi Avï KviY AbywPZ
Ògb¯‹viÓ1øwP‡Ëi AbywPZ Avj¤^b MÖnY| g~j KviY †jvf-‡Øl-
‡gvn|
AKzk‡ji ms‡ÿcv_© eY©bv mgvß|
(2) Aóv`k A‡nZzK wPË|
wÎwea g~j †f‡` Øv`k cÖKvi AKzkj wPË wefvM Kwiqv
cÖ`k©‡bi ci, GLb A‡nZzK wPË Av‡jvPbvi Kv‡j, †mB
A‡nZzK wP‡Ëi AšÍM©Z c~eŸ©Rb¥-K…Z-AKzkj-wecvK (dj)
wKiƒ‡c cieË©x Rxe‡bi cÖeË©‡bi mgq wP‡Ë Drcbœ nq, Zvnv
cÖ`wk©Z nB‡Z‡Q|
1
| cv`-UxKvt- Òa¤§-m½Yx‡ZÓ Kzkj-wPË meŸ© cÖ_g Av‡jvwPZ nB‡jI
gnv¯’wei Abyi“× Zuvnvi ÒAwfa¤§Ì-m½‡nÓ AKzkj-wPË‡KB cÖ_g Av‡jvP¨-
welq Kwiqv‡Qb| Bnvi wK †Kvb KviY Av‡Q? A_©Kv‡iiv e‡jb †h, cÖwZmwÜi
ci meŸ© cÖ_g Drcbœ wPË †jvf-g~jK| GB wP‡Ëi cwifvlv Òfe-wbKvwš—-
‡jvf-RebÓ| GRb¨ †jvf-g~jK wPË‡KB Avw` ewY©Ze¨ welq Kiv nBqv‡Q|
⊇
Ògb¯‹viÓ ev gbwmKvi GKwU g‡bve„wË, hvnv gb‡K Bnvi wel‡q Awfg~Lx
Kwiqv iv‡L|
Pÿz, `„k¨gvb iƒc Ges gb¯‹v‡ii mw¤§j‡b †h wPË Drcbœ nq

Zvnv ÒPÿz-weÁvbÓ|
Ò†kªvÎ, kã Ges gb¯‹v‡ii mw¤§j‡b †h wPË Drcbœ nq Zvnv
Ò†kªvÎ-weÁvbÓ|
NªvY, (bvwmKv), MÜ Ges gb¯‹v‡ii mw¤§j‡b †h wPË Drcbœ
nq Zvnv ÒNªvY-weÁvbÓ|
ÒwRnŸv, im Ges gb¯‹v‡ii mw¤§j‡b †h wPË Drcbœ nq Zvnv
ÒwRnŸv-weÁvbÓ|
ÒKvqv, ¯úÖóe¨1 Ges gb¯‹v‡ii mw¤§j‡b †h wPË Drcbœ nq
Zvnv ÒKvq-weÁvbÓ|
wPË Pÿvwì mvnv‡h¨ iƒcvw` Avj¤^b AeMZ nq| myZivs
weÁv‡bi DrcwË Pÿvw` ev¯‘ Ges iƒcvw` Avj¤^b, gb¯‹vi Ges
Av‡jvKvw` Ab¨vb¨ eû cÖZ¨‡qi Dci wbf©i K‡i| GB ev¯‘,
Avj¤^b I gb¯‹vi BZ¨vwì g‡a¨ †h †Kvb GKwUi Afve nB‡j
ÒweÁv‡biÓ DrcwË Am¤¢e nBqv c‡o| myZivs weÁvbI
cÖZ¨qvwì ms‡hv‡M Drcbœ nq| †m Rb¨ weÁvbI AwbZ¨ I
AbvÍ|
hLb †Kvb Avj¤^b Pÿz-Øv‡i Dcw¯’Z nq, ZLb wPË Rvwb‡Z
cv‡i †h, Pÿz-Øv‡iB Avj¤^b Dcw¯’Z nBqv‡Q, †kªvÎ wKsev Ab¨
Øv‡i b‡n| wP‡Ëi C`„k ÒRvbbÓ Pÿz-weÁvb|
Zrci wPË H Pÿz-Øv‡i AvMZ Avj¤^b‡K webv evavq
Avwm‡Z w`qv †hb MÖnY Kwij| wP‡Ëi GB wbw®Œq MÖnY Kvh©¨wU
Òm¤úÖZx”QÓ| Ges GB Òm¤úÖZx”QÓ-Kvh©¨ m¤úv`bKvjxb wP‡Ëi
Ae¯’vq Òm¤úÖZx”Q-wPËÓ| GB Òm¤úÖZx”Q-wPËÓ g‡bvig ev
Ag‡bvig Avj¤^b wbw®Œq fv‡eB MÖnY K‡i|
1
Kvqvi welq|
Zrci wPË H iƒcvj¤^b‡K (c~eŸ©-ÁvZ iƒcvj¤^bvwì mwnZ

†hb Zzjbv Kwiqv) cixÿv Kwij| Bnv wP‡Ëi mšÍxiY Kvh©¨ Ges
GB wPË mšÍxiY-wPËÓ| GB mg¯ÍB wP‡Ëi wbw®Œq, AcÖwZ‡ivax
Ae¯’v| GBme Ae¯’v wecvKve¯’v| GB ÒPÿz-weÁvbÓ,
Òm¤úÖZx”Q-wPËÓ, ÒmšÍxiY-wPËÓ mg¯ÍB wecvK-wPË| Z`ªƒc
†kªvÎ-weÁvb, NªvY-weÁvb, wRnŸv-weÁvb, Kvq-weÁvb, mg¯ÍB
wecvK-wPË|
Bnv Rxe‡bi wbw®Œq Ask (passive-side)| Bnvi Dci
Avgv‡ì †Kvb AvwacZ¨ bvB| ewnR©MZ nB‡Z GB Qvc
(impression) wbišÍi Pÿvw` cÂ-Øv‡i cwZZ nBqv wecvK-
wPË Drcbœ Kwi‡Z‡Q|
GKwU cÖùzwUZ †Mvjvc-dzj †hb Pÿz c‡_ cwZZ nBj| wPË
ZrcÖwZ AvewË©Z nBqv Rvwbj †h, Pÿzi KvR nBj, Ab¨
Bw›`ª‡qi b‡n| Bnv Pÿz-weÁvb| Zrci wPË Bnv MÖnY Kwij;
Bnv m¤úÖZx”Q-wPË| Dnv‡K †Mvjvc-dzj ewjqv wPwbj; Bnv
mšÍxiY wPË| G ch©¨šÍ wPË H dz‡ji cÖwZ wbw®Œq Ae¯’vcbœ| Bnv
wP‡Ëi wecvKve¯’v| GB ch©¨šÍ wPË H †Mvjvc-dz‡ji cÖwZ †Kvb
cÖKvi m¤úÖhy³ †nZz (†jvf, ‡Øl, ‡gvn, A‡jvf, A‡Øl ev
A‡gvn) Øviv cwiPvwjZ nq bvB| GRb¨ GBme wecvK-wPË
A‡nZzK| wKš‘ Zrci hLb H dzjwU cvBevi ev bv cvBevi I
Dc‡fv‡Mi ev Abyc‡fv‡Mi B”Qv R‡b¥ ZLb wP‡Ëi mwµq Ae¯’v
ev K¤§©ve¯’v Drcbœ nq; †nZz ms‡hvM nq| GBiƒ‡c GBme
wecvKwPË A‡nZzK|
Pÿz weÁvbvw` D‡cÿv mnMZ †Kb? Pÿz-weÁvb, †kªvÎ-
weÁvb, NªvY-weÁvb Ges wRnŸv-weÁv‡b ev¯‘ Ges Avj¤^b `yeŸ©j
fv‡e mw¤§wjZ nq| GRb¨ g‡bvig, Ag‡bvig Dfqwea Avj¤^‡b
GBme weÁvb-D‡cÿv-†e`bv mnMZ|
ÒAÌmvwjbx‡ZÓ ey×‡Nvl e‡jb †h, Pvwi ev¯‘-iƒc A_©vr

Pÿz-‡kªvÎ-NªvY-wRnŸv-Dcv`viƒcα| iƒc, kã, MÜ, im GB
PvwiwUI Dcv`viƒc| Dcv`viƒ‡ci mwnZ Dcv`viƒ‡ci wgjb
msNl©YvKv‡i Drcbœ nq bv| GBRb¨ GB wecvK-weÁvb PZzóq
D‡cÿv-mnMZ|
Kvq-weÁvb `ytL ev myL mnMZ †Kb? Kvq-weÁv‡bi Avj¤^b
wKš‘ ¯úÖóe¨ (KwVbZv ev †KvgjZv, DòZv ev kxZjZv, fvwiZ¡
ev †eM)| GB ®úÖóe¨ Avj¤^‡bi msNl©Y, Kvq-cÖmv` AwZµg
Kwiqv, †mB cÖmv` iƒ‡ci wbkªq gnvf‚Z‡Kα AvNvZ K‡i|
f‚Ziƒ‡ci mwnZ f‚Ziƒ‡ci msNl©Y cÖej| GBRb¨ Kvq-weÁvb
Kzkj wecv‡K `ytL-mnMZ; Kzkj wecv‡K myL-mnMZ| gk‡Ki
Kvg‡o Ò`ytL-mnMZ Kvq-weÁvbÓ Drcbœ nq; c~eŸ©Rb¥-K…Z
AKzkj K¤§©-‡nZz †`n C`„k ¯^fve-m¤úbœ nBqv‡Q| gjq-ceb-
¯ú‡k© ÒmyL-mnMZ Kvq-weÁvbÓ Drcbœ nq; c~eŸ©Rb¥-K…Z Kzkj
K¤§©-‡nZz †`n C`„k ¯^fve-m¤úbœ nBqv‡Q ‡h, Giƒc ¯ú‡k©
Giƒc †e`bv Drcbœ nq|
m¤úÖZx”Q-wPË D‡cÿv mnMZ †Kb? Pÿz cÖf…wZ wØcÂ-
weÁv‡bi1 ciB m¤úÖZx”Q-wPË Drcbœ nq| wKš‘ Bnv‡ì ev¯‘i
cv_©K¨ iwnqv‡Q| Pÿz-weÁv‡bi ev¯‘ Pÿz; †kªvÎ-weÁv‡bi ev¯‘
†kªvÎ; NªvY-weÁv‡bi ev¯‘ NªvY (bvwmKv); wRnŸv-weÁv‡bi ev¯‘
wRnŸv; Kvq-weÁv‡bi ev¯‘ Kvqv; m¤úÖZx”Q-wP‡Ëi ev¯‘ ü`q2|
wØcÂ-weÁv‡bi ev¯‘i mwnZ m¤úÖZx”Q wP‡Ëi ev¯‘i cv_©K¨
α
PZzwe©a †gŠwjK iƒc (Ro-kw³) Òf‚Z-iƒcÓ ev Ògnvf‚ZÓ| GB gnvf‚‡Zvrcbœ
iƒc ÒDcv`v-iƒcÓ 6ô cwi‡”Q‡` iƒc-msMÖn `ªóe¨|
1
wØcÂ-weÁvb= P¶z-weÁvb, †kªvÎ-weÁvb, NªvY-weÁvb, wRnŸv-weÁvb, Kvq-
weÁvb GB cÂ weÁvb KzkjvKzkj wnmv‡e wØcÂ weÁvb| wØcÂ A_©vr `k|
2
ev¯‘ I ü`q ev¯‘ m¤^‡Ü 3q cwi‡Q‡ì Òev¯‘-msMÖn `ªóe¨Ó|
iwnqv‡Q| GB cv_©K¨ †nZz m¤úÖZx”Q-wPË ¯^-cÿxq ev¯‘i

mvnvh¨ cvq bv; GRb¨ `yeŸ©j| Ges GB `yeŸ©jZv cÖhy³ CwáZ
AbxwáZ †Kvbiƒc Avj¤^‡bi imvbyfe Kwi‡Z cv‡i bv| †m Rb¨
Bnv D‡cÿv-mnMZ|
mšÍxiY-wPËt- ÒAKzkj wecvK mšÍxiY-wPËÓ, ÒKzkj wecvK
mšÍxiY-wPËÓ DfqB D‡cÿv-‡e`bv mnMZ| wKš‘ Kzkj wecv‡K
Avj¤^b hw` AwZ gnr nqø Z‡e Kzkj mšÍxiY-wPË myL-mnMZ
nq|
`yB RvZxq wecvK weÁv‡bi cv_©K¨t- AKzkj-wecvK ev¯‘I
K…Z¨‡f‡` mßwea| Kzkj-wecvK ev¯‘, K…Z¨ I †e`bv †f‡`
Aówea| wµqv-wPË K…Z¨, Øvi I Avj¤^b †f‡` wÎwea| AKzkj
wecvK- ÒD‡cÿv mnMZ mšÍxiY-wPËÓ cÖwZmwÜi mg‡qI wecvK
cÖ`vb K‡i A_©vr Acv‡q cÖwZmwÜ NUvq| myZivs fev½, Pz¨wZI
Bnvi wecvK cÖ`v‡bi ¯’vb| Kzkj wecvK ÒD‡cÿv-mnMZ-
mšÍxiY-wPËÓ cÖwZmwÜi mgqI wecvK cÖ`vb K‡i, A_©vr
gbyl¨Kz‡j cÖwZmwÜ NUvq| wKš‘ Rb¥vÜ, ewai, weKjv½ ev
weK…Z-gw¯Í®‹ Kwiqv _v‡K| fev½, Pz¨wZI Bnvi wecvK ¯’vb|
ÒmyL mnMZ Kzkj wecvK mšÍxiYÓ ïay cÂØvi-exw_‡Z wecvK
cÖ`vb K‡i| Ag‡bvig Avj¤^‡bi ¯ú‡k© cÂØvwiK AKzkj-
wecvK-wPË Drcbœ nq| GB AKzkj-wecvK-wP‡Ëi DrcwË-¯’vb
Pÿz, †kªvÎ, NªvY, wRnŸv Ges Kvq| g‡bvig Avj¤^‡bi ¯ú‡k©
cÂØvwiK Kzkj-wecvK-wPË Drcbœ nq| GB Kzkj wecvK-wP‡Ëi
DrcwË ¯’vb I Pÿz, †kªvÎ, NªvY, wRnŸv, Ges Kvq| AKzkj Kvq-
weÁvb `ytL-†e`bv mnMZ; wKš‘ Kzkj Kvq-weÁvb myL-‡e`bv
mnMZ|
ÒwecvKÓ Øviv wK eySvq? Avg, KvuVvj BZ¨vw` dj ZiæY
Ae¯’v AwZµg Kwiqv cwiYZ Ae¯’v cÖvß nq; †mB Ae¯’v‡K
cwicÿ Ae¯’v ejv nq| †mBiƒc KzkjvKzkj K¤§©I ZiæY Ae¯’v

AwZµg Kwiqv cwiYZve¯’v cÖvß nq; ZvnvB cwic°ve¯’v ev
wecvKve¯’v| †Kvb K¤§© m¤úv`b Kv‡j wP‡Ë †h Kzkj ev AKzkj
†PZbv (D‡Ïk¨) we`¨gvb _v‡K, ZvnvB wP‡Ëi K¤§©ve¯’v| GB
†PZbvi †eM _vwgqv †M‡jI Bnvi kw³,- ex‡Ri AšÍwb©wnZ
cÖ”Qbœ Ziæi gZ wPË-mšÍwZ‡Z myßfv‡e iwnqv hvq| Bnv
Abykqve¯’v ev cÖ”Qbœve¯’v| GB cÖ”Qbœ-kw³ hver ¯^fvevbyiƒc
KviYvw` bv cvq Zver kZ mnmª-Kívewa wPË-mšÍwZi AbyMZ
_v‡K| GZ`& m¤^‡Ü Òa¤§-c‡`Ó D³ nBqv‡Q|
Òbvwn cvcs KZs K¤§s m¾yLxiÕe gy”PwZ|
WnšÍs evjg‡š^wZ f¯§v”Q‡bœvÕe cve‡KvÓ\
hLb KzkjvKzkj cÖZ¨qvw` Dcw¯’Z nq, ZLb myß K¤§© wecvK
cÖ`v‡bi my‡hvM MÖnY K‡i| wK K‡i? gi‡Yvb¥yL m‡Ë¡i cÖwZmwÜ-
wP‡Ë Avj¤^bvKv‡i wbR‡K Dc¯’vwcZ K‡i, wK¤^v K¤§©-m¤úv`b
Kv‡j eënvh©¨ DcKiYvwìƒcx wbwgË‡K Dc¯’vwcZ K‡i, wK¤^v
MšÍe¨ f‡ei wbwgË‡K Dc¯’vwcZ K‡i1| GgZve¯’vq Avgiv
ewj‡Z cvwi,- Bnv K‡¤§©i cwiYZve¯’v Ges K¤§© wecvK w`‡Z‡Q|
Zrci cieË©x f‡ei fev½-wP‡Ëi Avj¤^bvKv‡i, H K¤§© ev K¤§©-
wbwgË ev MwZ-wbwgË hve¾xeb fev½-K…Z¨ mvab Kwi‡Z _v‡K
Ges my‡hvMvbymv‡i Pÿvw` Øv‡i wecvK-K…Z¨ m¤úv`b K‡i|
A‡nZzK wµqv-wPË-16-18t- cÂØvwiK Avj¤^‡bi †Kvb GK
Avj¤^b hLb fev½-†mªvZ wQbœ K‡i, ZLb wPË fev½vj¤^b
cwiZ¨vM Kwiqv H Avj¤^‡bi w`‡K AvewË©Z nq| wP‡Ëi GB
cÖKvi AveË©bve¯’vi bvgB ÒAveË©b-wPËÓ| GB wP‡Ë gb¯‹v‡iiB
cÖvavb¨| wP‡Ëi GB AveË©bve¯’v nB‡ZB Bnvi exw_-ågY Avi¤¢
1
cÂg cwi‡”Q‡ì ÒPz¨wZ-cÖwZ-mwÜÓ `ªóe¨|
nq| GB AveË©b-wPË wµqv-wPË| Ges wP‡Ëi C`„k Ae¯’vqI

†Kvb cÖKvi †nZz Bnv‡Z we`¨gvb _v‡K bv| GBRb¨ Bnv
A‡nZzK|
wKš‘ g‡bvØvwiK Avj¤^‡bi ¯ú‡k© hLb fev½-cÖevn wQbœ nq
Ges wPË H fev½vj¤^b cwiZ¨vM Kwiqv H g‡bvØvwiK Avj¤^‡b
AvewË©Z nq, ZLb Bnv Òg‡bvØvwiK-wPËÓ ev Òeë¯’vcbÓ
(†evÌcb) wPËÓ| BnvI wµqv-wPË Ges A‡nZzK|
Ònwm‡Zvrcv` wµqv-wPËÓ ev Ònvwm-Drcv`K A‡nZzK wµqv-
wPËÓ ïay An©‡Zi wPË| c„_M&R‡bi wbKU ev ˆkÿ¨ cy`&M‡ji
wbKU GB wPË Drcbœ nq bv| wKš‘ ÒcÂØviveË©bÓ I
g‡bvØviveË©b wµqv-wPËØq c„_M&Rb, ˆkÿ¨, An©Z mK‡ji wbKU
Drcbœ nq| ÿxYvm‡ei e`b gÐ‡j †jvKxq Rb-mvaviY ev
‰k‡ÿï b¨vq ivMbxq fv‡e ¯’zj wel‡q nvwm weKwkZ nq bv|
my² Ava¨vwÍK welqB Zuvnvi gy‡L wbweŸ©Kvi nvwm dzUvBqv _v‡K|
M„aªK‚U ceŸ©‡Z gnv‡gŠ`&Mj¨vqb hLb m~Px‡jvg †cÖZ‡K
†`wLqvwQ‡jb, ZLb Zuvnvi g‡b GB fve RvwMqvwQj †h, ÒGB
Ae¯’v Avwg AwZµg KwiqvwQÓ Ges m‡½ m‡½ Zuvnvi gyL-gÐ‡j
nvwm-†iLv Drcbœ nBqvwQj| Bnv †jvKxq wµqv-
wPË,øÒnvwm‡Zvrcv` wµqv-wPËÓ Ges †nZz-cÖZ¨q weiwnZ|
Aj¼vi-kv‡¯¿ nvwmi QqwU ¯Í‡ii K_v D‡jøL Av‡Q| Avgiv
hvnv‡K gyP&‡K nvwm ewj Zvnv Òw¯§ZÓ; wKš‘ nvwm Clr `šÍ-
weKv‡k ÒnwmZÓ, g„`y kã mn ÒwenwmZÓ, g¯ÍK mÂvj‡b
ÒDcnwmZÓ Akªæel©‡Y ÒAcnwmZÓ Ges †`nv‡›`vj‡b
ÒAwZnwmZÓ bvg cÖvß nq| ÿxYvm‡eiv cÖ_g I wØZxqvKv‡i,
Kj¨vY-c„_M&Rb I ˆkÿ¨MY cÖ_g Pvwi AvKv‡i nvwmqv _v‡Kb|
c„_M&R‡bi nvwmi `Lj wKš‘ meŸ©¯‡Í i|
c„_M&Rb Pvwi †mŠgbm¨ mnMZ †jvf-wP‡ËvrcwË‡Z Ges Pvwi

†mŠgbm¨ mnMZ gnvKzkj wP‡ËvrcwË‡Z nvwmqv _v‡Kb| ˆk‡ÿ¨
nvwm weKwkZ nq Pvwi †mŠgbm¨ mnMZ gnvKzkj wP‡ËvrcwË‡Z|
ÿxYvm‡ei nvwm †mŠgbm¨ mnMZ Ávb-m¤úÖhy³ gnvwµqv
wPËØ‡q Ges nwm‡Zvrcv` wP‡Ë cÖKwUZ nq| wbibykq wPË-
mšÍwZ‡Z Drcbœ-K¤§© wecvK cÖ`vb Kwi‡Z cv‡i bv|
A‡nZzK wP‡Ëi ms‡ÿc eY©bv mgvß|
(3) †kvfb-wPË|
(K) gnvKzkj-wPËt- KvgvePi Kzkj-wPË ev¯ÍweK c‡ÿ
GKwUgvÎ wPË| wKš‘ †e`bv, Ávb I ms¯‹v‡ii wewfbœ cÖKvi
ms‡hv‡M Bnv nxb, ga¨g, DËg nBqv _v‡K| Ges †mB ms‡hvM
Abymv‡i-Bnvi AvU cÖKvi weKvk| †e`bvbymv‡i Bnv †mŠgbm¨ ev
D‡cÿv mnMZ| ms¯‹vi †f‡` Amvs¯‹vwiK ev mmvs¯‹vwiK|
Ávb †f‡` Ávb-m¤úÖhy³ ev Ávb-wecÖhy³|
†mŠgb‡mï KviYt- kª×v evûj¨, `„wó-weïw×, Kzkj-wecvK
`k©bB †mŠgbm¨ DrcwËi KviY| myZivs †mŠgbm¨ Drcv`b
Kwi‡Z nB‡j ey×, a¤§©, msN, kxj, `vb, †èZv I Dckgvwì
¸Y ¯§iY Kwiqv kª×vi DrKl© mvab Avek¨K| Ges iæÿ-¯^fve
I `ytkxj e¨w³i msmM© cwie¾©b, kvšÍ mykxj e¨w³i mvnPh©¨,
kª×v-RbK m~Îvw` Ave„wË I cÖZ¨‡eÿY Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| m‡eŸ©vcwi
†mŠgbm¨ jv‡fi AvMÖnkxjZvB gyL¨ welq| ejeZx kª×vi
Afv‡eB wPË D‡cÿv-mnMZ nq| `„wó-weïw× I Kzkj-wecvK
m¤^‡Ü ÁvbvfveI ÒD‡cÿv-‡e`bviÓ KviY|
Ávb-m¤úÖhy³ nBevi KviYt- 1| Kzkj-Kv‡h©ï cÖK…wZ
Abymv‡iI wPË Ávb-m¤úÖhy³ nq| whwb c‡ii wn‡Zi Rb¨
a‡¤§©vc‡`k `vb K‡ib, wKsev a¤§©-Kw_K Øviv a‡¤§©vc‡`k
cÖ`v‡bi my‡hvM myweav Kwiqv †`b, wKsev wb‡Ï©vl wkívqZb

kvixwiK K¤§©vqZb, wPwKrmvjq, we`¨vjq BZ¨vw` Rb-wnZKi
cÖwZôvb cÖwZôv K‡ib, cÖwZôvi Rb¨ bvbvwea mvnvh¨ K‡ib,
Z‡e Zuvnvi †mB Kvh©¨ Ávb-m¤úÖhy³ Kzkj-K¤§©|
2| whwb Òfvex R‡b¥ cÖÁvevb nBeÓ GB m¼í Kwiqv bvbv
cÖKvi `vbvw` Kzkj Kvh©¨ K‡ib, kxj-cvjb K‡ib, fvebv
K‡ib, Z‡e Zuvnvi †mB Kvh©¨vw` Ávb-m¤úÖhy³ Kzkj-K¤§©|
3| kª×v, ¯§„wZ, exh©¨, mgvwa, cÖÁv GB c‡Âw›`ªq‡K myMwVZ
Kwievi Rb¨ †h me Kvh©¨ Kiv nq Ges myMwVZ nB‡j Zvnvi
Dci wbf©i Kwiqv †h me K¤§© m¤úvw`Z nq, ZvnvI Ávb-
m¤úÖhy³|
4| kg_ I we`k©b fvebv Øviv wP‡Ëi †K¬k `~ixf‚Z Ae¯’vq
Drcbœ Kzkj K¤§©I Ávb-m¤úÖhy³|
Amvs¯‹vwiK I mmvs¯‹vwiKt- wPË hLb wbR ¯^fve-‡nZz
wbRe‡j Kzkj fve RvMÖZ K‡i, Kvq-K¤§© ev evK&-K¤§© m¤úv`b
K‡i, ZLb wPË Amvs¯‹vwiK nq| †mBfv‡e Drcbœ nB‡Z bv
cvwiqv hw` evwn‡ii Avj¤^‡bi mvnv‡h¨ ev c‡ii D‡ËRbvq,
cÖ‡ivPbvq ev wb‡Ri wPšÍv-wePv‡ii ci Kzkj-wPË Drcbœ nq I
K¤§©vw` m¤úv`b Kiv nq, Z‡e wPË mmvs¯‹vwiK nq|
Amvs¯‹vwiK wPË mmvs¯‹vwiK wPË nB‡Z ejeËi| †mBiƒc
†mŠgbm¨ wPË D‡cÿv wPË nB‡Z Ges Ávb-m¤úÖhy³ wPË Ávb-
wecÖhy³ wPË nB‡Z ejeËi|
c~eŸ©-R‡b¥i cyY¨-ms¯‹vi, bx‡ivMZv, †fvRb, Avevm¯’vb, FZz
BZ¨vw` ewnR©MZ nB‡Z Drcbœ my‡hvM Amvs¯‹vwiK wP‡ËvrcwËi
KviY I mnvq| mvaviYZt C`„k my‡hv‡Mi Afv‡eB wPË
mmvs¯‹vwiK nq|
†nZzt- Ávb-wecÖhy³-K¤§© wØ‡nZzK| A_©vr Bnv‡Z ïay

ÒA‡jvfÓ I ÒA‡ØlÓ †nZzØq we`¨gvb| wKš‘ Ávb-m¤úÖhy³ K¤§©
wÎ‡nZzK| KviY Geswea K‡¤§© H `yB Kzkj †nZzi m‡½
ÒA‡gvnÓ ev ÒÁvbIÓ m¤úÖhy³ _v‡K| wÎ‡nZzK Kzkj wØ‡nZzK
Kzkj nB‡Z ejeËi| KiYxq Kzkj‡K wÎ‡nZzK Kwievi †Póv
†gavexi Kvh©¨|
Kzkj K¤§©c_t- `vb, kxj, fvebv, AcPvqb ev m¤§vb, †mev,
cyY¨`vb, cyY¨vby‡gv`b, a¤§©-kªeY, a‡¤§©vc‡`k I `„wóFRyZv ev
mZ¨-Ávb-mÂq, GB `k cÖKvi K¤§© Kzkj-K¤§© GB Kzkj K¤§©
m¤úv`‡bi mgq wPË Aó gnvKzkj-wP‡Ëi †h †Kvb GKwUi
Ae¯’v jBqv m¤úvw`Z nq| `k Kzkj-K¤§©-c‡_i mwnZ, AvU
gnvKzkj-wP‡Ëi BnvB m¤úK©|
gnvKzkj-wP‡Ëi µgt- Dc‡iv³ `kwea Kzkj K‡¤§©i g‡a¨
†h †Kvb GKwU hw` †Kn †¯^”Qvq, mvb‡›`, †K¬kvw` `~ixKiYv_©,
cÖÁvi e„w×i Rb¨ ev ci-`ytL we‡gvP‡bi Rb¨ Am¼zwPZ wP‡Ë
mnmv m¤úv`b K‡ib, ZLb cÖ_g wPË; m¼zwPZ wP‡Ë wØav wP‡Ë
ev c‡ii Drmvn mv‡cÿ nBqv m¤úv`b Kwi‡j wØZxq wPË;
A‡bï †`Lv‡`wL wKš‘ ¯^xq wP‡Ëi ¯^fve †nZz `ªæZfv‡e I
mvb‡›` m¤úv`b Kwi‡j Z…Zxq wPË; A‡bï †`Lv‡`wL wKš‘
cÖ‡ivPbvq I BZ¯ÍZt Kwiqv mvb‡›` m¤úv`b Kwi‡j PZz_© wPË
Drcbœ nq|
D‡cÿv †e`bvi mwnZ D³ Pvwifv‡e m¤úv`b Kwi‡j
h_vµ‡g 5g, 6ô, 7g I 8g wPË Drcbœ nq|
(L) gnvwecvK wPËt- GB Aówea gnvKzk‡ji wecvK
m‡nZzK-wecvK-wPË| Pvwi¯’v‡b GB gnvKzkj wecvK `vb K‡i|
Z`vj¤^b, cÖwZmwÜ, fev½ Ges Pz¨wZ‡Z| GB m‡nZzK Kvg-
Kzkj kw³ Abymv‡i wecvKvKv‡i mßwea Kvg-myMwZ‡ZB
cÖwZmwÜ Rb¥vq| GB mßwea Kvg-myMwZ wK? gbyl¨-‡jvK,

PvZzg©nvivwRK, Îqw¯¿sk, hvg, ZzwlZ, wb¤§©vY-iwZ, Ges
ciwbw¤§©Z-ekeË©x †è‡jvK| ÒA‡nZzK Kvg-Kzkj wecvK
mšÍxiY-wPËÓ gbyl¨‡jv‡K cÖwZmwÜ cÖ`vb Kwi‡jI Zvnv †h
Rb¥vÜ, ewai, weK…Z-gw¯Í®‹, weKjv½ ev K¬xe Kwiqv Rb¥vq Zvnv
c~‡eŸ© ejv nBqv‡Q| Awf‡Áiv e‡jb †h, ey×M‡Yi cÖwZmwÜ-wPË
Ò†mŠgbm¨ mnMZ Ávb-m¤úÖhy³ Amvs¯‹vwiK ˆgÎx-wPËÓ|
KvgvePi AvU cÖKvi wPË A_©vr †jvfg~jK Pvwi wPË Ges
gnvKzkj Pvwi wPËB †mŠgbm¨-mnMZ; myZivs †mŠgbm¨ hvnv‡Z
meŸ©`v Kzkj RvZxq I Ávb-m¤úÖhy³ nq, Z¾b¨ ¯§„wZgvb _vKv
cÖ‡Z¨K Kzkjv_©xi KË©e¨| Z¾b¨ wbqZ ˆgÎx I gyw`Z-wPË
Drcv`‡bi Af¨vm KivB mym½Z| Ges cÖwZN-wPË meŸ©_v
cwiZ¨vR¨,ø weler cwiZ¨vR¨|
Òa¤§©c`Ó †NvlYv Kwi‡Z‡Qtø
†gËvwenvix †hv wfK&Ly cm‡bœv ey×-mvm‡b;
AwaM‡”Q c`s mšÍs m•Lviƒcmgs myLsÓ| 368|
Aó m‡nZzK KvgvePi wecvK-wPË g‡bvig Avj¤^b ev
wcÖqvwcÖ‡qi ga¨¯’ Avj¤^b Abymv‡i †mŠgbm¨ ev D‡cÿv-mnMZ
nq|
(M) Aówea gnvwµqv-wPËt- gnvwµqv-wPË ïay An©‡Zi wPË|
AbvMvgxi wbKUI GB wPË Drcbœ nq bv| ey×MY †h a¤§©-
Dc‡`k cÖ`vb K‡ib, Zuvnv‡ì ZrKvjxb wPË GB gnvwµqv-
wPË| ïay a‡¤§©vc‡`k b‡n, †jvKxq Kzkj-wPË gvÎB An©r,
cÖ‡Z¨K ey×, mg¨K& m¤^y‡×i wP‡Ë gnvwµqv-wPË nBqv Drcbœ
nq| wµqv-wPË ewj‡Z GB eySvq †h, wP‡Ëi wµqv Av‡Q, wKš‘
†m wµqvi wecvK bvB; KviY KzkjvKzk‡ji †nZz bó nBqv
wMqv‡Q| GRb¨ Zvnv‡ì K…Z K¤§© A¼zwiZ nq bv,øÒ†Z
LxbvexRv AweiæjwnQ›`vÓ| ¯’wei A½ywjgv‡ji Rxeb Bnvi cÖK…ó

`„óvšÍ| GB wµqv-‡PZbv PwiÎ‡K KzkjvKzk‡j iƒcvšÍwiZ K‡i
bv, KviY C`„k wP‡Ë A‡jvf-A‡Øl-A‡gvn †nZz Øviv ÒAbykqÓ
aŸsm cÖvß| ÒAbykqÓ A_© myß Z…òv, hvnv fvexKv‡j wecvK
Drcbœ Kwievi kw³ aviY K‡i| gnvwµqv-wPË †e`bv, Ávb I
ms¯‹vi †f‡` gnvKzkj wP‡Ëi m`„k|
KvgvePi KzkjwPË, wecvK-wPË Ges wµqv-wPË‡K µ‡g
gnvKzkj-wPË, gnvwecvK-wPË Ges gnvwµqv-wPË ejv nq|
ÒgnvÓ we‡klY Òwe¯ÍvwiZv‡_©Ó eëüZ nBqv‡Q; KviY
KvgveP‡ii Kzkj eû mnmª †KvwU Rb¥-ci¯úiv cÖevwnZ nq|
gnvwecvK I gnvwµqv-wPË BnviB dj I wµqv; GB Kvi‡Y
BnvivI ÒgnvÓ k‡ã we‡kwlZ| iƒcviƒc ev †jv‡KvË‡ii Kzkj
wKš‘ cieË©x R‡b¥B wecvK `vb K‡i| C`„k K¤§© I d‡j
eëavbnxbZv ev AvbšÍh©¨ †nZz Bnviv ÒAvbšÍwiKÓ Kzkj|
AKzkj-K¤§© AKzkj-K¤§©x‡K Zvnvi Awb”Qv m‡Ë¡I `yMw© Z
cÖvß Kivq| †mRb¨ AKzk‡ji Ab¨ bvg ÒcvcÓ ÒAKzmjvwb wn
AË-mgw½‡bv m‡Ë Awb”Q‡šÍ‡he Acvhs cv‡cwšÍ, Z¯§v
cvcvbxÕwZ ey”PwšÍÓ| kª×vw` my›ì ¸Yhy³ ewjqv Ges †mŠfvM¨
Drcv`b K‡i ewjqv Kzk‡ji Ab¨ bvg Ò†kvfbÓ| ÒKzÓi c‡ÿ
hvnv kj¨ ¯îƒc ZvnvB ÒKzkjÓ| A_ev cvc weaŸsm‡b hvnv
ÒKzkÓ-hy³ ZvnvB ÒKzkjÓ|
2| iƒcvePi wPË|
iƒcvePi wPË a¨vb-wPË| KvgvePi Kzkj wPË‡K wKiƒ‡c
iƒcvePi a¨vb-wP‡Ë DbœxZ Kiv hvq ZvnvB AwZ ms‡ÿ‡c
Av‡jvPbv Kwie| ïay weï× RjB †hgb †g‡N cwiYZ nB‡Z I
Db¥y³ evZv‡m wePiY Kwi‡Z cv‡i, †Zgwb kxj-weï× wPËB
a¨vb-wP‡Ë DbœwgZ nB‡Z I kvwšÍ‡Z wePiY Kwi‡Z mÿg nq|

whwb iƒc-wPË ev a¨vb-wPË Drcbœ I MVb Kwi‡Z m¼í K‡ib,
Zuvnv‡K AwZ mveav‡b b~¨bK‡í cÂkxj cvjb Kwi‡Z nq; Ges
Zuvnvi wb¾©b-wenvix nIqv, AšÍZt mvgwqK wb¾©bZv, Avek¨K|
evm-M„n-RwbZ, ÁvwZ-cwiRb-RwbZ, mvsmvwiK jvf-ÿwZ,
RbZv, Kvh©¨fvi, †`k-ågY, kvixwiK e¨vwa I MÖšv’ w` RwbZ
evav, DrKÉv cwiZ¨vM Avek¨K| Zrci wZwb Dchy³ ¸iæi
civgk©vbyhvqx, Z`fv‡e ¯^xq PwiZvbyhvqx K¤§©¯’vb wbeŸ©vPb
Kwi‡eb| K¤§©-¯’vb=fvebv-K‡¤§©i Avj¤^b ev welq|
wbeŸ©vwPZ K…r‡ø ev Avj¤^‡b w¯’i`„wó Ave× Kwiqv GKvMÖZvi
mwnZ Dnv wP‡Ë gyw`ªZ Kwi‡Z cybt cybt †Póv Kwi‡Z nq; Zrci
mg‡q Ggb GK Ae¯’v Drcbœ nq, hLb H Avj¤^b Db¥xwjZ
†b‡Î ev wbgxwjZ †b‡Î mgcwigv‡Y my¯úó nq| H P¤§©-Pÿz-`„ó
Avj¤^‡bi bvg ÒcwiK¤§©Ó wbwgË; Ges GB gbðÿz `„ó
Avj¤^‡bi bvg ÒD`&MÖn-wbwgËÓ| D`&MÖn A_© g‡bvM„nxZ| GB
ÒD`&MÖn-wbwg‡ËÓ wPË‡K GKvMÖ Kwi‡Z Kwi‡Z mg‡q Ggb GK
Ae¯’v Drcbœ nq †hb, H wbwg‡Ëi Af¨šÍi nB‡Z GK wb¤§©j,
D¾¡j AvKvi ewnM©Z nB‡Z‡Q| GB Ae¯’vcbœ wbwgË ÒcÖwZfvM-
wbwgËÓ| cwiK¤§© I D`&MnÖ -wbwgË jBqv †h a¨vb Zvnv
ÒcwiK¤§©-a¨vbÓ| AKw¤úZ ÒcÖwZfvM-wbwgËÓ jBqv †h a¨vb
Zvnv ÒDcPvi-a¨vbÓ| cÖwZfvM-wbwg‡Ëi DrcwËi m‡½ m‡½
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ev Kvg-‡jv‡Ki a¨vb-wP‡Ëi Avi¤¢| GB DcPvi a¨v‡bi wPË
KvgveP‡ii Ò†mŠgbm¨ mnMZ Ávb m¤úÖhy³ Kzkj-wPËÓ| wKš‘
ï®‹-we`k©K An©r nB‡j KvgveP‡ii Ò†mŠgbm¨-mnMZ Ávb-
m¤úÖhy³ wµqv-wPËÓ| GB DcPvi a¨vb-wP‡Ëi cÖ_g Re‡bi1

cvwifvwlK bvg ÒcwiK¤§©Ó A_©vr a¨vb-wPË DrcwËi c~eŸ©ve¯’v ev
cÖ¯‘Z nBevi wPË| wØZxq Reb ÒDcPviÓ A_©vr a¨vb-wP‡Ëi
mgxcPvix wPË| GB DcPv‡ii cieË©x Reb ÒAby‡jvgÓ|
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nBevi Dchy³ nq| Aby‡jv‡gi cieË©x Reb Ò†MvÎf‚Ó| GB
‡MvÎf‚ Reb ch©¨šÍ KvgveP‡ii ÒDcPvi-a¨vbÓ| GB †MvÎf‚
Re‡bi cieË©x RebB ÒAc©Yv RebÓ| GB Ac©Yv RebB
iƒcveP‡ii a¨vb-wPË| cÖwZfvM-wbwg‡Ëi DrcwË‡Z KvgQ›`,
e¨vcv`, ¯Í¨vb-wg×,J×Z¨-‡KŠK…Z¨ I wewPwKrmv GB cÂ bxeiY
DÌvbkw³ nxb nq ewjqv wPË DcvPvi-mgvwa cÖvß nq|
a¨vbv‡½i DrcwË‡Z Ac©Yvi DrcwË nq| weZK©-wePvi-cÖxwZ-
myL-GKvMÖZvB a¨vb-wP‡Ëi gyL¨ A½ ev DcKiY|
Ac©Yv wP‡Ëi c~Y© GKvMÖZv; BnvB c~Y© a¨v‡bi Ae¯’v|
iƒcvePi Kzkj wPË, GB cÖKv‡i mg¨K& mgvwaØviv, kxj‡K wfwË
Kwiqv, mg¨K& ¯§„wZ I mg¨K& e¨vqv‡gi mvnv‡h¨ Drcbœ Kiv hvq|
GB iƒc-wPËB Kzkj ¸iæ-K¤§©|
iƒcvePi Kzkj-wPË-1-5t- iƒcvePi cÖ_g a¨vb-wP‡Ë weZK©,
wePvi, cÖxwZ, myL, GKvMÖZvB a¨vbv½iƒ‡c we`¨gvb _v‡K|
Zb¥‡a¨ ÒweZK©Ó †mB wPË-e„wË ev ˆPZwmK hvnvi AvKl©‡Y wPË
†a¨q-welq MÖnY K‡i| weZK© GB AvKl©‡Y wPË-‰PZwm‡Ki
RoZv f½ Kwiqv Ò¯Í¨vb-wg‡×iÓ cÖwZcÿZv K‡i| GRb¨
weZK© a¨vbv½| cybt cybt Avj¤^b gbb Bnvi ¯^fve; wPË‡K
1
Reb=‡eM| wPË hLb Akwb †e‡M Bnvi wel‡q cybt cybt cwZZ nB‡Z _v‡K
ZLb wP‡Ëi Reb ev †e‡Mi Ae¯’v| BnvB wP‡Ëi K¤§©kxj| (active) Ae¯’v|
4_© cwi‡”Q‡` exw_-msMÖn `ªóe¨|
Avj¤^bvwfgy‡L AvKl©Y Bnvi Kvh©¨| Bnvi Ab¨ bvg ÒwPšÍvÓ|

weZK© Øviv wPË †hB Avj¤^b MÖnY K‡i †mB Avj¤^‡bi ¯^fve
Rvwbevi Rb¨ ÒwePviÓ Zvnv‡Z cybt cybt wbg¾b K‡i|
Abyg¾b Bnvi jÿY; GB jÿY †nZz Bnv cÖÁv-¯^fve-m¤úbœ|
GB wbg¾b †nZz wPË wewPwKrmvi Øviv †`vjvwqZ nB‡Z cv‡i
bv| wePvi GBiƒ‡c wewPwKrmvi cÖwZcÿ Ges myZivs a¨vbv½|
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¯^fve-m¤úbœ; ZvB wPË‡K m¤úÖmvwiZ K‡i Ges e¨vcv` Øviv
DrKwÚZ nB‡Z †`q bv| GB Kvi‡Y ÒcÖxwZÓ e¨vcv‡ì cÖwZcÿ
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hÌ myLs ZÌ b wbhg‡Zv cxwZÓ| KviY cÖxwZøms¯‹vi-¯‹Ü;
myLø‡e`bv-¯‹Ü; myL kvixwiK I gvbwmK `ytL‡K weZvwiZ
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cÖmªeY `k©‡b ÒcÖxwZiÓ mÂvi nq| Zß A‡½ kxZj Rjvwf‡l‡K
Ges wø» Rjcvbv‡šÍ Ziæ-Qvqvq Dc‡ek‡b Zvnvi my‡Lv`q nq,
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Awÿ-Zviv wfbœ Avi wKQyB †`wL‡Z w`qvwQj bv| GBRb¨
GKvMÖZv eû Avj¤^b-ågYkxj KvgQ‡›ì cÖwZcÿ Ges a¨vbv½
wPË‡K GBiƒ‡c ÒweZK©Ó †a¨q wel‡q Av‡ivnY Kivq; ÒwePviÓ
wbgw¾Z Kwiqv iv‡L; ÒcÖxwZÓ ùzwiZ K‡i; ÒmyLÓ msMVb K‡i
Ges ÒGKvMÖZvÓ wbe× Kwiqv iv‡L| cÖ_g a¨vb-wP‡Ë GB cÂ
a¨vbv½ Drcbœ nBqv wP‡Ëi Ggb Ae¯’v m„Rb K‡i †h, Zvnv‡Z
cÂ bxeiY DwK-SzuKuxi ch©¨šÍ AeKvk cvq bv| GB a¨vbv‡½i
Abye‡j wPË cÂ-bxeiY‡K cixÿv K‡i I R¡vjvBqv †`q ewjqv
Geswea wP‡Ëi gvb ÒSvbÓ ev Òa¨vbÓ|
wØZxq a¨vb-wPË ÒweZK©Ó-ew¾©Z| A_©vr wPË Avj¤^‡bi

mwnZ mycwiwPZ nIqv‡Z, wPË‡K Avj¤^‡b cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ †Kvb
cÖKvi cÖ‡Póv Kwi‡Z nq bv| webv weZ‡K©B wPË a¨vbvj¤^‡b
GKvMÖ nq|
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wePvi Dfq A‡½i Kvh©¨ Avi Abyf‚Z nq bv| Bnvi A_© GB †h,
wPË µ‡g AwaK `ÿ nB‡Z‡Q|
PZz_© a¨v‡b cÖxwZ, myL Ges GKvMÖZvB gyL¨ _v‡K|
cÂg a¨vb cÖxwZ-ew¾©Z| D‡cÿvB my‡Li ¯’vb AwaKvi
K‡i| myZivs D‡cÿv I GKvMÖZvB cÂg a¨vb-wP‡Ëi gyL¨ A½|
Avj¤^b wnmv‡e cÂwea iƒc wP‡Ëi †Kvb cv_©K¨ bvB| ïay
a¨vbv‡½i µwgK wee¾©bvbymv‡iB iƒc-wPË cÂwea nBqv‡Q|
DcPv‡ii Ae¯’vqI ¯Í¨vb-wg‡×i AcMg‡b weZK©, wewPwKrmvi
AcMg‡b wePvi, e¨vcv‡ì AcMg‡b cÖxwZ, J×Z¨-‡KŠK…‡Zï
AcMg‡b myL Ges KvgQ‡›ì AcMg‡b GKvMÖZv a¨vbv‡½i
AvKv‡i Drcbœ nq| hLb wPË-‰PZwmK meŸ©‡Zvfv‡e
cÖwZfvMwbwg‡Ë Awc©Z I wbgw¾Z nq, wP‡Ëi ZrKvjxb Ae¯’vi
bvg ÒAc©YvÓ| Ac©Yv c~Y© mgvwai Ae¯’v| GB Ae¯’vq wPË
m¤ú~Y© RvMÖZ _v‡K, wKš‘ ewnwiw›`ªq wbw®Œq nq; A_©vr Pÿz,
†kªvÎ, NªvY, wRnŸv I Kvq, Zvnv‡ì Avj¤^b iƒc, kã, MÜ, im
I ¯úÖó‡eï mwnZ mw¤§wjZ nB‡jI gb¯‹v‡ii Afv‡e Ò¯úk©Ó
Drcbœ nq bv| GBiƒc GKvMÖZv Øviv wPË AZxe kw³kvjx I
AZxe Zxÿè nq| Ges c`v_©ivwRi h_v-¯^fve A_©vr AwbZ¨-
`ytL-AbvÍ ¯^fve †``xc¨gvb nq| ZØviv ÒcÖÁvÓ Drcbœ nq|
cÖÁv ØvivB Z…òvÿq m¤¢e nq| iƒca¨v‡bi D‡Ïk¨ wPË‡K
kw³kvjx Kwiqv cÖÁv-jv‡fi Rb¨ Dc‡hvMx Kiv| bZzev ïay
a¨vb wnmv‡e Bnv g~jëvb b‡n| wPË‡K GKvMÖ I Zxÿè Kwiqv
h_vf‚Z `k©‡bi Dc‡hvMx Kwi‡Z cv‡i ewjqvB iƒcvePi a¨vb

g~jëvb| iƒcvePi a¨v‡b †è-Rb¥-jvf BZ¨vw` †eŠ×-a‡¤§©i
jÿ¨ wnmv‡e AcÖavb welq| KviY †eŠ‡×i jÿ¨ ÒwbeŸ©vYÓ|
iƒcvePi a¨vb Òkg_Ó, wKš‘ GB kg_ a¨vbR cwiï×, kw³kvjx
I Zxÿè wP‡Ë hw` †Kn, iƒc-m¤úbœ, †e`bv-m¤úbœ, msÁv-m¤úbœ,
ms¯‹vi-m¤úbœ, weÁvb-m¤úbœ hvnv wKQy Drcbœ nq †mB
mg¯Í‡KB AwbZ¨, `ytL, Abv‡Íi AvKv‡iB weï× Áv‡bi mwnZ
`k©b K‡ib Ges †mB †mB ÒwelqÓ nB‡Z wPË‡K wdivBqv
wbeŸ©v‡Y †K›`ªxf‚Z K‡ib, Z‡e wZwb ey‡Sb ÒBnvB kvwšÍ, BnvB
DËg! †hgb mg¯Í ms¯‹v‡ii (g‡bve„wËi) wbe„wË, mg¯Í Dcwai
cwiZ¨vM, Z…òvÿq, weivM, wb‡iva, wbeŸ©vYÓ| wKš‘ Zuvnvi †mB
kvšÍ Ae¯’vi cÖwZ hw` Z…òv Drcbœ nq, Z‡e wZwb wbeŸ©vYvj¤^b
MÖnY Kwi‡Z cv‡ib bv| Zvnvi wecv‡K iƒc-‡jv‡K Rb¥ MÖnY
K‡ib gvÎ|
iƒcvePi wecvK-wPË-6-10t- KvgvePi wPË Kzkj I AKzkj
weavq Bnvi wecvKI Kzkj I AKzkj wØwea| wKš‘ iƒcvePi wPË
meŸ©`v Kzkj ewjqv Bnvi wecvKI meŸ©`v Kzkj RvZxq|
KvgvePi Kzkj my‡hvM Abymv‡i GK mgq ev Ab¨ mgq
wecvK cÖ`vb K‡i| wKš‘ iƒcvePi Kzkj cÖej kw³kvjx ewjqv
cieË©x R‡b¥B wecvK cÖ`vb K‡i| Bnv Kzkj ¸iæK‡¤§©i wecvK,
GRb¨B K¤§©-Rxe‡b I d‡jvrcwË-Rxe‡b †Kvb AšÍi (duvK)
bvB| GB cÖKv‡i iƒcvePi Kzkj dj-cÖ`v‡b AšÍi iwnZ ewjqv
Bnv ÒAvbšÍwiK KzkjÓ| Bnv Øviv †èf‚wg‡Z Rb¥ nq| cÂg-
a¨vb-wecvK Òe„nr-djÓ, ÒAmsÁvmË¡vÓ I cÂwea ï×vev‡m
cÖwZmwÜ| Ab¨vb¨ wecv‡Ki b¨vq GB wecvKI ¯^Zt Drcbœ nq|
iƒcvePi wµqv-wPË-11-15t- An©‡Zi wPË-mšÍwZ Abykq
iwnZ ewjqv Zuvnviv hLb iƒcvePi a¨vb K‡ib ZLb Zuvnv‡ì
†mB iƒc-a¨vb-wPË GB wµqv wP‡Ëi AvKv‡iB Drcbœ nq|

†mBRb¨ wµqv-wPË‡KI Kzkj-wP‡Ëi b¨vq †`Lvq|
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bxei‡Yi we`~iYKvix weZK©vw` a¨vbv½ ˆPZwmK¸wj gvÎ D‡jøwLZ
nBqv‡Q|
iƒcvePi wP‡Ëi ms‡ÿcv_© eY©bv mgvß|
3| AiƒcvePi wPË|
Aiƒc mË¡M‡Yi wP‡Ëi Abyiƒc Ae¯’v GB gbyl¨ †jv‡K
gbyl¨MY ¯^ ¯^ wP‡Ë Drcbœ Kwi‡Z cv‡ib| BnvI a¨vb-wPË Ges
Bnvi Avj¤^bI cÖÁwß| GB wPË cÂg a¨vwbK; myZivs Bnvi
gyL¨ A½ D‡cÿv I GKvMÖZv| iƒcvePi a¨v‡b my`ÿ †hvMxB
Aiƒca¨vb-wPË Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ †PwóZ nBevi AwaKvix|
AiƒcvePi Kzkj-1-4t- AvKv‡ki Aw¯ÍZ¡ I wekvjZv Avgiv
P›`ª, m~h©¨vwì ØvivB Abyfe Kwi| hvnvi AšÍ bvB A_©vr DrcwË
I aŸsm bvB ZvnvB AbšÍ| AvKvk DrcwË I wejqnxb ewjqv
AvKvkI AbšÍ| GB AbšÍ AvKvk‡K Aej¤^b Kwiqv †h Kzkj
wPË Drcbœ nq ZvnvB ÒAvKvkvbšÍvqZb Kzkj-wPËÓ| GLv‡b
ÒAvqZbÓ k‡ã ÒAvj¤^bÓ eySvB‡Z‡Q| Ges ÒAbšÍÓ GB
we‡klYwUi ciwbcvZ nBqv‡Q|
iƒcvePi cÂg-a¨vb jvf Kwievi ci a¨vbx hLb eywS‡Z
cv‡ib †h, kvixwiK `ytL-‰`b¨ kix‡ii Aw¯ÍZ¡ †nZz, ZLb wZwb
iƒ‡c weivMx nb| Ggb wK a¨v‡bi iƒcvej¤^b‡K ch©¨šÍ weiw³i
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cvwiqv, wZwb Aiƒc-a¨v‡b g‡bv‡hvMx nb Ges ÒAbšÍ
AvKvk‡KÓ a¨v‡bi Avj¤^b K‡ib| meŸ©wea iƒc-msÁv
(cÖwZfvM-wbwgË) m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c AwZµg Kwiqv, cÖwZN-msÁvq
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Zvnvw`‡M‡Z) gb¯‹vi hy³ bv Kwiqv- ïay ÒAbšÍ AvKvkÓ
(cÖÁwß) aviYv jBqv, wPË‡K AbšÍ AvKv‡ki mwnZ GKxf‚Z
Kwiqv Kvjhvcb K‡ib| GBiƒ‡c AbšÍ AvKvk‡K Avj¤^b Kwiqv
Aiƒc-a¨vb Kwi‡Z nB‡j, c~eŸ©K…Z¨vKv‡i iƒcveP‡ii ÒKiæYv-
a¨vbÓ Kiv we‡aq| KviY KiæYv wPË‡K Ac‡ii `ytL
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wP‡Ë AvwgZ¡ bvB, ˆØZ fve bvB, AvÍ-ci †f`Ávb bvB|
AvKvk Amxg, AvKvk AbšÍ, AvKvk meŸ©Î, cÖ‡Z¨K wKQy‡Z
AvKvk we`¨gvb| †gNvšÍiv‡j AvKvk, MÖn-bÿÎvejxi g‡a¨
AvKvk, †`‡ni cÖwZ †jvgK‚‡c AvKvk| Zrci a¨vbxi g‡b nq,
†gN AšÍwn©Z nBqv wMqv‡Q, bÿÎvejx wbweqv wMqv‡Q, mm¤¢vi
c„w_ex A`„k¨ nBqv wMqv‡Q, wb‡RI AvKv‡k jxb nBqv wMqv‡Q,
ïay AbšÍ AvKvk, wbivKvi k~b¨B wPË AwaKvi Kwiqv Av‡Q|
Bnv ÒAvKvkvbšÍvqZb Kzkj wPËÓ|
ÒweÁvbvbšÍÓ a¨vb Kwievi c~‡eŸ© iƒcveP‡ii Ògyw`Zv-a¨vbÓ
Øviv wPË‡K `ÿ Kiv KË©e¨| weÁvb ev wP‡Ëi DrcwË-wejq
Av‡Q| GB A‡_© weÁvb mvšÍ nB‡jI AbšÍ AvKvk‡K Avj¤^b
Kiv‡Z, Bnv‡K AbšÍ ejv nBqv‡Q| wPË AbšÍ AvKv‡ki mwnZ
wbR‡K GKxf‚Z Kwievi ci †mB AbšÍ AvKvkgq ÒAbšÍ
wPË‡KÓ Avj¤^b Kwiqv a¨vb K‡i| Bnv ÒweÁvbvbšÍvqZb
KzkjwPËÓ|
Zrci g‡b K‡i †h, GB AbšÍ wPËI ÒwKQy bvÓ Bnvi
fMœvskI Aewkó bvB, A_©vr Bnv Awe`¨gvb| GB aviYv, wP‡Ëi
GB Ae¯’v ÒAvwKÂbvqZb Kzkj wPËÓ| wKÂ‡bi (wKQyi) Afve
AwKÂb| AwKÂ‡bi fve ÒAvwKÂbÓ|
GB Z…Zxq Aiƒc a¨vb Kzkj wP‡Ëi kvšÍ axi Ae¯’v‡K-hvnv

msÁvI b‡n, AmsÁvI b‡n Zvnv‡K-Aej¤^b Kwiqv wPË a¨vb-
gMœ nq| Bnv ÒˆbemsÁvbvmsÁvqZb Kzkj-wPËÓ| BnvB PZz_©
Aiƒc a¨vb Kzkj wPË|
iƒcvePi cÂwea a¨v‡b Avj¤^‡bi †Kvb cv_©K¨ Avek¨K K‡i
bv| GKwea Avj¤^‡bB cÂwea a¨vb Drcbœ nB‡Z cv‡i| c„w_ex
K…rø‡K wKsev Ab¨ †Kvb K…r‡ø K ev k¦vm-cÖk¦vm‡K Avj¤^b MÖnY
Kwiqv cÖ_g, wØZxq, Z…Zxq, PZz_© I cÂg a¨vb-wPË Drcbœ Kiv
hvq| myZivs iƒcvePi cÂwea a¨v‡bi cv_©K¨ GB Avj¤^b-‡nZz
b‡n; a¨vbv‡½i µwgK wee¾©b †nZzB Bnv cÂwea| wKš‘
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Ges †mB Avj¤^b nB‡Z DÑvUb-jä ÒAbšÍ AvKvkÓ
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ÒAbšÍ AvKvkÓ AwZµwgZe¨ Ges cÖ_g ÒAiƒc-weÁvbÓ
Avjw¤^Ze¨| Z…Zxq Aiƒc a¨v‡b D³ cÖ_g ÒAiƒc-weÁvbÓ
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Avjw¤^Ze¨| PZz_© Aiƒc a¨v‡b H bvw¯Ífve ev ÒAvwKÂbÓ
AwZµwgZe¨ Ges Høbvw¯Ífve ev AvwKÂb Avj¤^‡bvrcbœ
kvšÍfveøZ…Zxq Aiƒc a¨vb-wPË Avjw¤^Ze¨| wP‡Ëi GB kvšÍ
Ae¯’v ¯’zj msÁvI b‡n, m~² AmsÁvI b‡n| wP‡Ëi GBiƒc
Ae¯’v PZz_© Aiƒc a¨vb Kzkj wPË|
AiƒcvePi wecvK-wPË-5-8t- AiƒcvePi wecvK wPË a¨vbv½

†f` AiƒcvePi wP‡ËiB Abyiƒc;- D‡cÿv Ges GKvMÖZvB gyL¨
a¨vbv½|
AiƒcvePi wµqv-wPË-9-12t- AiƒcvePi wµqvwPË An©‡Zi
wPË; An©‡Ziv hLb Aiƒc-a¨vb K‡ib ZLb Zuvnv‡ì wbibykq
wPË-mšÍwZ‡Z GB a¨vb-wPË Kzkj-wPË bv nBqv wµqv-wPË nBqv
Drcbœ nq|
AiƒcvePi wP‡Ëi ms‡ÿcv_© eY©b mgvß|
iƒcviƒc †jvKvwì †Kvb cÖKvi †fŠMwjK Ae¯’vb Av‡Q wKbv Ges Z_vq
Geswea mË¡ we`¨gvb Av‡Q wKbv GB cÖkœ ¯^ZtB g‡b Dw`Z nq| wKš‘ hw`
my¯’ wP‡Ë cÖZ¨‡eÿY Kiv hvq, Z‡e Bnv ¯úóxf‚Z nq †h GB Ro-RM‡Z
Rx‡ei µ‡gvbœwZ Zvnvi wP‡Ëi µ‡gvbœwZ Abymv‡iB msmvwaZ nBqv
Avwm‡Z‡Q| Awfa¤§©-wcUK wP‡Ëi µ‡gvbœwZ cÖ`k©b Kwiqv‡Q| Z`vbylw½K
Rx‡ei †kªYxfvMI D‡jøL Kwiqv‡Q| ci‡jvKMZ ¯’wei Avb›` ˆg‡Îq
g‡nv`‡qi wkl¨ Wv³vi ió Zuvnvi æThe Nature of
ConsciousnessÓ bvgK AwZ Dcv‡`q MÖ‡š’ (hvnv Òa¤§-m½wYiÓ
g¤§©vbyev`) ewj‡Z‡Qbt-
The range of beings in the universe, and the great
range of super-normal consciousness, may come as a
shock to the materialistic scientist. who pays all his
attention to the study of a few objects on this earth. But to
the mathematical astronomer the idea can not appear to
be new, and must, indeed, be obvious.
If my scientific proof is scanty, it is because our
knowledge of the universe is scanty. In the astronomical
time-scale mankind is at the very beginning of its
existence on this earth.
E.R. Rost.Lt.-Col.
I. M. S. O. B. E. K. IÌI., M. R. C. S. Eng.
L. R. C. P. Lond.
4| †jv‡KvËi wPË|
†jv‡KvËi Kzkj wPË-1-4t- KvgvePi, iƒcvePi, AiƒcvePi
GB wZb f‚wgi Kzkj K¤§© Pz¨wZ-cÖwZmwÜi AvKv‡i AwbZ¨ I
AwbwðZ Rxeb cÖevn‡K `xN© Kwiqv _v‡K| KviY, Kzkj-K¤§©-
e‡j Bnv Rb¥-giYkxj Rxeb-mÂq| †jv‡KvËi wPË wKš‘ GB
mÂ‡qi AcPq K‡i, A_©vr †cŠbtcywbK Rb¥-g„Zz¨‡K wb‡iva
K‡i|
KvgvePi wPË DcPvi mgvwai ga¨ w`qv †hB cÖYvjx‡Z
iƒcvePi a¨vb-wP‡Ë DbœwgZ nq, †mB cÖYvjx‡ZB Dnv †jv‡KvËi
gvM©-wP‡Ë I dj-wP‡Ë DbœwgZ nq| fev½ †mªvZ wQbœ nBevi ci
KvgvePi Ò†mŠgbm¨ mnMZ Ávb-m¤úÖhy³ Kzkj-wPËÓ Reb-
¯’v‡b Pvwi wPËÿY ev wZb wPËÿY RweZ nq,øg›` ev wÿcÖ
eyw×-m¤úbœ cyiæl wnmv‡e| †MvÎf‚-Reb wbeŸ©vYvj¤^b MÖnY K‡i;
Ges c„_M&Rb-‡MvÎ cwiZ¨vM Kwiqv †jv‡KvËi †Mv‡Î AvewË©Z
nB‡j gvM©ÿY Drcbœ I wbiæ× nq| GBÿ‡Y (1) `ytL-mZ¨
cÖKwUZ nq, (2) AvÍev`, kxj-eªZ-civgk©, wewPwKrmv aŸsm nq,
(3) wbeŸ©vY cÖZ¨ÿxf‚Z nq, (4) Aóvw½K gv‡M©i Abykxjb nq|
AÜKvi ivwÎ‡Z we`y¨wØKv‡k †hgb f‚wg, b`x, AvKvk, ceŸ©Z
hyMcr ÿYgvÎ bqb-‡MvPi nq, ‡Zgwb GB wPËÿ‡Y GB Pvwi
welq Pvwi m‡Zï AvKv‡i hyMcr ÿYgvÎ cÖKwUZ nq| Bnv
Ò†mªvZvcwË-gvM©-wPËÓ| G wPË wbeŸ©vY-gyLx †mªv‡Z cwZZ,
myZivs Bnvi Acvq-MwZ wbiæ×,ømyMwZB mywbwðZ welq nq|
GRb¨ †mªvZvcbœ Òm‡¤^vwa-civqYÓ|
†jv‡KvËi wP‡Ëi µ‡gvbœwZi Ae¯’v PvwiwU µ‡gvbœZ ¯Í‡i
wefvM Kwiqv cÖ`wk©Z nBqv‡Q| Z`bymv‡i Bnv Pvwi gvM©|
h_vø‡mªvZvcwË-gvM©, mK…`vMvgx-gvM©, AbvMvgx-gvM© I An©r-

gvM©| gvM© A_© c_, Dcvq| A_©Kv‡iiv e‡jbøÒwK‡j‡m
gv‡i‡šÍv M”QZxÕwZ gM&‡MvÓ| A_©vr †hB Dcv‡q wP‡Ëi †K¬k
mg~n‡K ÿq Kwi‡Z Kwi‡Z µ‡gvbœwZi c‡_ AMÖmi nIqv hvq,
†mB DcvqB gvM©| GB gvM© ev Dcvq Abykxj‡bi Ae¯’v| GB
Pvwi¯Íi wewkó gv‡M©i cÖ_g ¯Íi †mªvZvcwË gvM©| Bnv Øviv GB
eySvq †h, wPË wbeŸ©vYvwfgyLx †mªv‡Z cwZZ A_©vr wPË Bnvi
†jvKxq a¤§©vwfgyLx-fve cwinvi Kwiqv GLb †jv‡KvËivwfgyLx
nBqv‡Q| kª×v, ¯§„wZ, exh©¨, mgvwa, cÖÁv cÖf…wZ †evwa-cÿxq
a‡¤§©i Abykxj‡b hLb wP‡Ë wg_¨v`„wó I wewPwKrmv cybiærcwË-
kw³-nxb nBqv aŸsm nq, ZLb Zuvnv‡K Ò†mªvZvcbœÓ ev GB
wbeŸ©vYvwfgyLx †mªv‡Z cwZZ cyiæl ejv nq| A_©vr Pvwi Ò`„wóMZ
m¤úÖhy³ †jvf-wPËÓ I ÒwewPwKrmv m¤úÖhy³ †gvn-wPËÓ GB cÂ
AKzkj wPË †mªvZvc‡bœi wbKU Avi wKQy‡ZB Drcbœ nq bv|
Dnviv m¤ú~Y© aŸsm cÖvß nBqv hvq| wKš‘ KvgivM I e¨vcv`
A_©vr `„wóMZ wecÖh³ y †jvf-wPË Ges cÖwZN-wPË Drcbœ nB‡Z
cv‡i| Geswea AbykxwjZ wP‡Ëi Ae¯’v †mªvZvcwË-dj-wPË|
†mªvZvcbœ †mB R‡b¥ wØZxq-gvM© jvf bv Kwi‡j AbwaK mvZevi
ch©¨šÍ Kvg‡jv‡K Rb¥ MÖnY K‡ib|
Zrci kª×vw` Kzkj a‡¤§©i Mvp Abykxj‡b Dnviv cUz nq;
ZØviv KvgivM I e¨vcv` Zbyf‚Z nq, wKš‘ mgyw”Qbœ nq bv, A_©vr
`„wó-wecÖhy³ †jvf-wPË Ges cÖwZN-wPË ÿxYfv‡e Drcbœ nB‡jI
Zuvnv‡K KvqK‡¤§© ev ePx K‡¤§© cwiPvwjZ Kwi‡Z cv‡i bv|
Zvnvi dj ¯îƒc GB wØZxq gvM©vwaKvix‡K giYv‡šÍ GKevi gvÎ
Kvg‡jv‡K Rb¥ MÖnY Kwi‡Z nq| GRb¨ Zuvnvi bvg
ÒmK…`vMvgxÓ, A_©vr mK…r (GKevi) AvMgYKvix|
kª×vw` hLb Abykxj‡b cUzZi nq ZLb Dnviv KvgivM I

e¨vcv` mgyw”Qbœ Kwiqv †d‡j| ZLbI wKš‘ iƒc-ivM I Aiƒc-
ivM, gvb-J×Z¨-Awe`¨v wb‡ktwlZ iƒ‡c we`~iY Kwi‡Z mÿg
nq bv, Zvnviv ÿxYfv‡e wPË-mšÍwZ‡Z we`¨gvb _v‡K| wKš‘
KvgivM I e¨vcv‡ì m¤ú~Y© aŸsm Kvg‡jv‡K Rb¥ MÖnY wb‡iva
K‡i| Zvnv‡Z wZwb Z…Zxq gv‡M© DbœxZ nb Ges ÒAbvMvgxÓ
bv‡g Kw_Z nb| AbvMvgx hw` cÂg-a¨vbx cyiæl nb, Z‡e
Pz¨wZi ci ï×ev‡m, A_ev wbæZi a¨vb-m¤úv`‡b wbæZi
eªþ‡jv‡K cÖwZmwÜ MÖnY K‡ib| wZwb Kvg-‡jv‡K AvMgb K‡ib
bv ewjqvB ÒAbvMvgxÓ|
Abykxj‡b hLb kª×vw` †evwa-cÿxq a¤§© cUzZg nq, ZLb
ÁvbI cUzZg nq Ges PZz_© gv‡M©i Abykxjb m¤ú~Y© nq| Zvnvi
dj ¯îƒc mgMÖ cvca¤§© cybiærcwË-kw³-nxb nBqv g~‡jvw”Qbœ
nq,ømgyrcvwUZ nq| mg¯Í †K¬k-Awi GBiƒ‡c nZ nIqvq GLb
wZwb ÒAn©rÓ| wZwb eywS‡Z cv‡ib Zuvnvi cybR©b¥ iwnZ nBqv
wMqv‡Q, eªþPh©¨-Rxeb hvwcZ, KiYxq m¤úvw`Z, GZ`~‡×© Avi
wKQy bvB; Bnv AbyËi! Bnv †jv‡KvËi! Bnv APjv kvwšÍ! BnvB
wbeŸ©vY!
dj-wPË-5-8t- gvM©-wPË Abykxj‡bi Ae¯’v; dj-wPË
AbykxwjZ Ae¯’v| gvM©-wP‡Ëi Abyµ‡g dj-wPËI PZzwe©a|
†jv‡KvË‡i wµqv-wPË aiv nq bvB| gvM©-wPË GK ÿwYK|
An©‡Zi wbibykq wPË-mšÍwZ‡Z †jv‡KvËi dj-Reb Kzkj-
wµqv-Re‡bi b¨vq Drcbœ nq| GBRb¨ c„_K wµqv-Reb
cwiMYbv Kiv nq bvB|
†jv‡KvËi wP‡Ëi ms‡ÿcv_© eY©b mgvß|
Abykxjbx|
1| Awfa¤§© I Bnvi Av‡jvP¨ welq m¤^‡Ü wK Rvb? Ges wK
fv‡e Bnv Av‡jvwPZ nBqv‡Q?
2| eënvwiK mZ¨ I cvigvw_©K mZ¨ wK? cvigvw_©KmZ¨-
Ávb jv‡fi Avek¨KZv wK?
3| wPË ewj‡Z wK eyS? Bnvi cÖwZkã¸wj Ges cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki
jÿY ej? f‚wg A_© wK? Z`bymv‡i wPË wefvM Ki I eY©b Ki|
4| ÒAKzkjÓ ewj‡Z wK eyS? Bnvi †nZz wK wK? cÖ‡Z¨K
AKzkj †nZz nB‡Z †h †h wPË Drcbœ nq Zvnv‡ì msL¨v I bvg
ej|
5| †jvfg~jK wP‡Ëi DrcwËµg eY©b Ki| Zvnviv mg-kw³
m¤úbœ b‡n †Kb? Zvnv‡ì ewjôZvi µg cÖ`k©b Ki|
6| mmvs¯‹vwiK I Amvs¯‹vwiK wP‡Ë cÖ‡f` wK?
7| †jvfg~jK K¤§© wK wK? Zvnv‡ì mwnZ †jvfg~jK wP‡Ëi
m¤úK© wK?
8| `„wó ewj‡Z wK eyS? Ò`„wóMZ wecÖh³ y Ó †jvf-wP‡Ëi
GKwU `„óvšÍ `vI| †jvf wfbœ Ab¨ g~jK wP‡Ë `„wó Drcbœ nq bv
†Kb?
9| †jvf-wP‡Ë ÒgvbÓ ˆPZwmK KLb hy³ nq? `„óvšÍ Øviv
eySvBqv `vI|
10| †jvf-wPË `gb Kwievi Dcvq wK?
11| cÖwZN k‡ãi A_© wK? Bnvi mwnZ †`Š¤§©b‡mï cÖ‡f` I
mv`„k¨ eY©b Ki|
12| †Øl-g~jK wPË †e`bv Abymv‡i wefvM Kiv nq bvB
†Kb? †Ø‡lvrcwËi KviY wK? Bnvi `~ixKi‡Yi DcvqBev wK?
13| †Øl-g~jK AKzkj K¤§© wK wK? Dnv‡ì mwnZ †Øl-

wP‡Ëi m¤úK© wK? cÖvwYea wK †jvf‡nZzK? AwfgZ cÖgvwYZ
Ki|
14| †gvn-g~jK wP‡Ëi jÿY wK? †gvn-wP‡Ë ÒJ×‡ZïÓ
wewkóZv wK? GB wP‡Ë †e`bv I ms¯‹v‡ii cv_©K¨ bvB †Kb?
15| †gvn-g~jK wPË cÖwZmwÜ cÖ`vb Kwi‡Z cv‡i wK?
†Zvgvi DË‡ii KviY †`LvI| †gvn aŸs‡mi Dcvq wK?
16| †jvf-wP‡Ëi D‡cÿv-‡e`bv I †gvn-wP‡Ëi D‡cÿv-
‡e`bv wK GKB KviY-m¤¢~Z? DËi mg_©b Ki|
17| †jvf, †Øl, †gv‡ni AKzkjZv I ÿqkxjZvi ZviZg¨
m¤^‡Ü wK Rvb?
18| †jvKxq wPË I †jv‡KvËi wP‡Ëi cÖK…wZMZ cv_©K¨ wK?
19| A‡nZzK wPË ewj‡Z wK eySvq? Bnv‡ì †kªYxfvM
wKiƒc? cÖ‡Z¨K †kªYx‡Z Zvnv‡ì msL¨v I bvg¸wj D‡jøL Ki|
20| ÒAveË©b-wPËÓ Kvnv‡K K‡n? ÒwØcÂ-weÁvbÓ ewj‡Z
wK eyS? m¤úÖZx”Q wP‡Ëi ev¯‘ I Avj¤^b wKiƒc? mšÍxiY wP‡Ëi
K…Z¨ wK? ÒcÂØviveË©b-wPËÓ I g‡bvØviveË©b-wPËÓ ewj‡Z wK
eyS?
21| Kvq-weÁv‡bi †e`bv m¤^‡Ü hvnv hvnv Rvb eY©b Ki|
22| ÒwecvKÓ ewj‡Z wK eySvq? c~eŸ©Rb¥K…Z KzkjvKzk‡ji
ÒA‡nZzK wecvK-weÁvbÓ Avgv‡ì ev¯Íe Rxe‡b KLb I
wKiƒ‡c Drcbœ nq `„óvšÍ w`qv eySvBqv `vI| Ges Zvnv‡ì g‡a¨
†Kvb& †Kvb&wU cÖwZmwÜ NUvq I †Kvb&wU wKiƒc cÖwZmwÜ NUvq
ZvnvI eY©b Ki|
23| nwm‡Zvrcv`-wPË m¤^‡Ü hvnv Rvb ej|
24| ÒKzkj-wPËÓ ewj‡Z wK eyS? Bnvi †nZz m¤^‡Ü wK
Rvb?
25| gnvKzkj-wP‡Ëi msL¨v KZ? GB msL¨vi KviY wK?

26| Ávb-m¤úÖhy³ I Ávb-wecÖhy³ ewj‡Z wK eyS?
27| Kzkj wP‡Ëi ejeËv m¤^‡Ü wK Rvb?
28| KvgvePi Kzkj‡K ÒgnvKzkjÓ ejv nq †Kb?
29| iƒc wP‡Ëi DrcwË-cÖYvjx eY©b Ki|
30| a¨vbv½ ewj‡Z wK eyS? wK ¸‡Y Bnviv a¨vbv½? ÒcÖxwZÓ
I Òmy‡LÓ cv_©K¨ wK? cÖ‡Z¨K a¨vbv‡½i cÖwZcÿ eY©b Ki|
31| iƒc-a¨vb-wP‡Ë I Aiƒc-a¨vb-wP‡Ë cv_©K¨ I mvgÄm¨
wK? wµqv-wPË ewj‡Z wK eyS?
32| iƒc-wPË I Aiƒc-wP‡Ëi mvaviY bvg Ògn`MZ wPËÓ
†Kb? gn`MZ a¨v‡bi Avek¨KZv eY©b Ki| Z…òvÿ‡qi c‡ÿ
iƒcviƒc a¨vb wK mvnvh¨ Kwi‡Z cv‡i? Bnviv †jvKxq †Kb?
33| Aiƒc-a¨v‡bi Avj¤^b m¤^‡Ü GKwU cÖeÜ wjL|
34| Aiƒc-a¨vb Abykxj‡bi c~‡eŸ© iƒcveP‡ii ÒKiæYvÓ
Ògyw`ZvÓ ÒD‡cÿvÓ a¨v‡b `ÿZv A¾©‡bi Avek¨KZv wK?
35| †jv‡KvËi wPË ewj‡Z wK eySvq? Bnvi KqwU gvM© Ges
wK wK? cÖ‡Z¨K gv‡M©i bvg Ki‡Yi mv_©KZv cÖ`k©b Ki|
36| wewfbœ †kªYxi †mªvZvc‡bœi welq wK Rvb? Ò†è-
KzjsKzj †mªvZvcbœÓ Ògbyl¨-KzjsKzj †mªvZvcbœ ewj‡Z wK eySvq?
37| mK…`vMvgx Kvg-f‡e cÖwZmwÜi KviY wK?
38| AbvMvgx‡K D×©‡mªvZv ejv nq †Kb? †jv‡KvË‡ii
wµqvwPË bvB †Kb?
39| An©Ë¡ cÖvwßi ciÿ‡Y wbR-m¤^‡Ü An©‡Zi wKiƒc Ávb
nq? ÒiZbmy‡ËiÓ †hB Mv_vq An©‡Zi Ae¯’v ewY©Z nBqv‡Q
Zvnv Ave„wË Ki|
40| 89 cÖKvi wPË wKiƒ‡c 121 cÖKvi wP‡Ë cwiMwYZ nq?
41| f‚wg‡f‡`, RvwZ‡f‡`, Kzkj wecvK I wµqv‡f‡` wP‡Ëi

†kªYx fvM Ki|
42| wb‡Ri eënv‡ii Rb¨ wP‡Ëi GKwU AvbyµwgK ZvwjKv
cÖ¯‘Z Ki Ges Dnv KÉ¯’ ivL|
43| ¯§viK-Mv_v¸wj Ave„wË Ki|
wØZxq cwi‡”Q`|
ˆPZwmK msMÖn|
1| GKÎ ÒDrcwËÓ, Ò†ivaÓ wP‡Ëi mwnZ;
GK ÒAvj¤^bÓ, Òev¯‘Ó GKÎ M„nxZ|
wPËm‡b hy³‡nb evqvbœwU e„wË,
ZvÕiv m‡e cvBqv‡Q ÒˆPZwmKÓ L¨vwZ|
2| Zvnv‡ì †kªYxfvM wK cÖKvi?
(K) mvZ cÖKvi meŸ©-wPË-mvaviY ˆPZwmKt- (1) ¯úk©, (2)
†e`bv, (3) msÁv, (4) †PZbv, (5) GKvMÖZv, (6) Rxwe‡Zw›`ªq,
(7) gb¯‹vi|
(L) Qq cÖKvi cÖKxY© ˆPZwmKt- (1) weZK©, (2) wePvi, (3)
Awa‡gvÿ, (4) exh©¨, (5) cÖxwZ, (6) Q›`| GB †Zi cÖKvi
ˆPZwm‡Ki mvaviY bvg ÒAb¨-mgvbÓ ˆPZwmK|
(M) †PŠÏ cÖKvi AKzkj ˆPZwmKt- (1) †gvn, (2) An«x, (3)
AbcÎcv, (4) J×Z¨; (5) †jvf, (6) `„wó, (7) gvb; (8) †Øl,
(9) Cl©¨v, (10) gvrmh©¨, (11) †KŠK…Z¨; (12) ¯Í¨vb, (13)
wg×, (14) wewPwKrmv|
(N) Ewbk cÖKvi †kvfb-mvaviY ˆPZwmKt- (1) kª×v, (2)
¯§„wZ, (3) n«x, (4) AcÎcv, (5) A‡jvf, (6) A‡Øl, (7)
ZÎga¨¯’Zv, (8) Kvq-cÖkªwä, (9) wPË-cÖkªwä, (10) Kvq-
jNyZv, (11) wPË-jNyZv, (12) Kvq-g„`yZv, (13) wPË-g„`yZv,
(14) Kvq-K¤§©Y¨Zv, (15) wPË-K¤§©Y¨Zv, (16) Kvq-cÖ¸YZv,

(17) wPË-cÖ¸YZv, (18) Kvq-FRyZv, (19) wPË-FRyZv|
(O) wZb cÖKvi weiwZ ˆPZwmKt- (1) mg¨K& evK¨, (2)
mg¨K& K¤§©, (3) mg¨K& AvRxe|
(P) `yB cÖKvi AcÖ‡gq ˆPZwmKt- (1) KiæYv, (2) gyw`Zv|
(Q) GK cÖKvi cÖ‡Áw›`ªq ˆPZwmKt- (1) cÖ‡Áw›`ªq|
Dc‡iv³ (N) nB‡Z (Q) ch©¨šÍ cuwPk cÖKvi ˆPZwmK‡K
Ò†kvfb-‰PZwmKÓ ejv nq|
3| ¯§viK-Mv_v| G ch©¨šÍ Avgiv cvBjvgt-
Ab¨-mgvb †Zi, †PŠÏ AKzkj,
†kvfb cuwPk mn evqvbœ mKj|
‰PZwm‡Ki m¤úÖ‡qvM|
GBme ˆPZwmK wP‡Ëi mwnZ,
cÖ‡Z¨‡KB wK cÖKv‡i nq ms‡hvwRZ,
†m welq GBÿY nÕ†Z‡Q ewY©Zt-
mvZ ˆPZwmK hy³ meŸ©wPË m‡b;
QqwU cÖKxY© hy³ h_v‡hvM¨ ¯’v‡b;
†PŠÏ ˆPZwmK-‡hvM AKzkj wP‡Z;
†kvfb mshy³ nq †kvf‡bi mv‡_|
4| cÖ‡Z¨K ˆPZwmK KZ cÖKvi wP‡Ë m¤úÖhy³ nq?
(1) GB mvZ cÖKvi meŸ©wPË-mvaviY ˆPZwmK 89 cÖKvi
wP‡Ëi m‡½ Drcbœ nq|
cÖKxY©-‰PZwm‡Ki g‡a¨t-
(2) ÒweZK©Ó ïay wØ-cÂ weÁvb-ew¾©Z KvgvePi wPË

mg~‡ni g‡a¨ Ges GMvi cÖKvi cÖ_g a¨vb-wP‡Ë,ømeŸ©ï× cÂvbœ
wP‡Ë Drcbœ nq|1
(3) ÒwePviÓ wKš‘ H mg¯Í wP‡Ë Ges GMvi cÖKvi wØZxq
a¨vb-wP‡Ë,ø meŸ©ï× QlwÆ wP‡Ë Drcbœ nq|
(4) ÒAwa‡gvÿÓ wØ-cÂ weÁvb I wewPwKrmv-mnMZ wPË-
ew¾©Z Aewkó AvUvËi wP‡Ë Drcbœ nq|
(5)Òexh©¨Ó cÂØviveË©b, wØ-cÂ weÁvb, m¤úÖZx”Q wPË I
mšÍxiY wPË e¾©b Kwiqv Aewkó wZqvËi wP‡Ë Drcbœ nq|
(6)ÒcÖxwZÓ †`Š¤§©bm¨-mnMZ wPË, D‡cÿv-mnMZ wPË,
Kvq-weÁvb I PZz_©-a¨vb-wPË e¾©b Kwiqv Aewkó GKvbœ wP‡Ë
Drcbœ nq|
(7) ÒQ›`Ó A‡nZzK I †gvn-g~jK wPË e¾©b Kwiqv Aewkó
EbmËi wP‡Ë Drcbœ nq|
5| ewY©Z µg Abymv‡i Qq cÖKxY© ˆPZwmK ew¾©Z I mshy³
wP‡Ëi msL¨v h_vµ‡gt-
¯§viK-Mv_vtøQlwÆ, cÂvbœ, µ‡g GKv`k, †lvj,
mËi I Kzwo wPË cÖKxY© wenxb|
cÂvbœ, QlwÆ wPË Avi AvUvËi,
wZqvËi I GKvbœ Avi EbmËi|
cÖKx‡Y©i m¤úÖ‡qvM †R‡bv eivei|
1
weZK©, wePvi I cÖxwZ a¨vbv½ ewjqv Zvnv‡ì m¤úÖhy³ wPË-msL¨v, †gvU wPË
msL¨v 121 MÖn‡Y MYbv Kiv nBqv‡Q|
6| AKzkj ˆPZwm‡Ki m¤úÖ‡qvM|

(8) K| Ò†gvnÓ, ÒAn«xÓ, ÒAbcÎcvÓ, ÒJ×Z¨Ó, GB Pvwi
ˆPZwmK ÒmeŸ©-AKzkj-wPË-mvaviYÓ| Dnviv Øv`k AKzkj
wP‡Ë Drcbœ nq|
(9) L| Ò†jvfÓ Aówea †jvf-mnMZ wP‡Ë, Ò`„wóÓ Pvwi
`„wóMZ m¤úÖhy³ wP‡Ë, ÒgvbÓ Pvwi `„wóMZ wecÖh³ y wP‡Ë Drcbœ
nq|
(10) M| Ò†ØlÓ, ÒCl©¨vÓ, Ògvrmh©¨Ó, Ò†KŠK…Z¨Ó GB Pvwi
cÖKvi ˆPZwmK Ò cÖwZN m¤úÖhy³ wPËØ‡qÓ Drcbœ nq|
(11) N| Ò¯Í¨vbÓ, Òwg×Ó cuvP cÖKvi mmvs¯‹vwiK wP‡Ë
Drcbœ nq|
(12) O| ÒwewPwKrmvÓ wewPwKrmv-mnMZ wP‡Ë Drcbœ nq|
7| ¯§viK-Mv_vt- meŸ©vcy‡Y¨ Pvwi a¤§©, wZb †jvf-g~‡j,
Pvwi †Øl-g~‡j, `yB mms¯‹vi nÕ†j;
wewPwKrmv wewPwKrmv-wP‡Ëi mwnZ
hy³ nq; Ab¨ m‡b nq bv wgwjZ|
PZzÏ©k ˆPZwmK cÂ weav‡b,
m¤úÖhy³ nÕ†q _v‡K AKzkj g‡b|
8| †kvfb ˆPZwm‡Ki m¤úÖ‡qvM|
(13) K| †kvfb ˆPZwm‡Ki g‡a¨ Ewbk cÖKvi †kvfb-
mvaviY-‰PZwmK EblwÆ cÖKvi †kvfb-wP‡Ëi cÖ‡Z¨KwU‡Z
we`¨gvb _v‡K|
(14) L| ÒweiwZ ˆPZwmKÎqÓ †jv‡KvËi wP‡Ëi meŸ©ve¯’vq
wbqZ GKÎxf‚Z nBqv we`¨gvb _v‡K| ÒwKš‘ †jvKxq wP‡Ëi
g‡a¨ KvgvePi Kzkj wP‡ËÓ GB ˆPZwmKÎq KLbI KLbI
Drcbœ nq| hLb Drcbœ nq ZLb ci¯úi c„_K fv‡e Drcbœ

nB‡Z †`Lv hvq|
(15) M| ÒKiæYvÓ I Ògyw`ZvÓ bvgK AcÖ‡gq ˆPZwmKØq
KvgvePi Kzkj-wP‡Ëi, m‡nZzK KvgvePi wµqv-wP‡Ëi Ges
cÂg a¨vb-ew¾©Z gn`MZ wP‡Ë,ømeŸ©ï× GB AvUvk wP‡Ë
KLbI KLbI Drcbœ nq| hLb Drcbœ nq ZLb ci¯úi c„_K
fv‡e Drcbœ nq| †Kvb †Kvb AvPv‡h©ï gZ GB †h, D‡cÿv-
mnMZ wP‡Ë KiæYv I gyw`Zv we`¨gvb _v‡K bv|
(16) N| ÒcÖÁvÓ Øv`k Ávb-m¤úÖhy³ KvgvePi wP‡Ë,
cuqwÎk gn`MZ I †jv‡KvËi wP‡Ë,øGB mvZPwjøk wP‡Ë Drcbœ
nq|
9| ¯§viK-Mv_vt- EwbkwU ˆPZwmK R‡b¥ EblwÆ wP‡Z,
wÎ-weiwZ †lvj wP‡Z, `yB Aó weskwU‡Z|
mvZPwjøk wPË-gv‡S cÖÁv nq cÖKvwkZ|
†kvf‡b †kvf‡b GB m¤úÖ‡qvM Pvwi gZ\
10| AwbqZ I wbqZ ˆPZwmK-msMÖn|
(K) gvrmh©¨, †KŠK…Z¨, Cl©¨v, weiwZ, KiæYv,
gyw`Zv I gvb ¯Í¨vb, wg× ivL Rvbvtø
†hvMbxq wPË gv‡S c„_K nBqv
Kf‚ hy³ nq, Kf‚ _v‡K A‡hvwRqv|
AwbqZ ˆPZwmK GB GKv`k;
RvwbI wbqZ-‡hvMx Avi hZ †kl \1
1
Cl©¨v, gvrmh©¨, †KŠK…Z¨ ˆPZwmKÎq †Ølg~jK wP‡ËB Drcbœ nq| wKš‘
Bnv‡ì Avj¤^b wewfbœ, GBRb¨ Bnv GKm‡½ Drcbœ nB‡Z cv‡i bv| Cl©¨v
Drcbœ nB‡j †mB wP‡Ë gvrmh©¨ ev †KŠK…Z¨ Drcbœ nq bv| gvrmh©¨ Drcbœ nB‡j
Cl©¨v ev †KŠK…Z¨ Drcbœ nq bv| c‡ii Òm¤ú`Ó Drmbœ wèvi B”Qv nB‡j Cl©¨v
(L) ZvÕ‡ì msMÖn-wewa h‡_vwPZ fv‡e

e¨vL¨v Kwi‡ZwQ Avwg ïb Z‡e G‡etø
†jv‡KvË‡i QqwÎk, cuqwÎk gn`M‡Z,
AvUwÎk jä nq Kvg‡jvK cyY¨-wP‡Ë|
mvZvk AcyY¨ wP‡Ë, A‡nZzK wP‡Ë evi,
Giƒ‡c msMÖn-wewa nq GB cÂKvi|
Drcbœ nq| wb‡Ri m¤úwË †Mvc‡bi B”Qvi m‡½ gvrmh©¨ Drcbœ nq| cyY¨-K¤§©
Am¤úv`b ev cvc-K¤§© m¤úv`b‡K Avj¤^b Kwiqv †KŠK…Z¨ Drcbœ nq| GBRb¨
Bnviv hwÌ †Ølg~jK wP‡ËB Drcbœ nq, Avj¤^‡bi cv_©K¨ †nZz GKÎ‡hv‡M GK
wP‡Ë Drcbœ bv nBqv wfbœ wfbœ †Ølg~jK wP‡Ë Drcbœ nq| GRb¨ Bnviv AwbqZ-
‡hvMx ˆPZwmK| A_©vr Geswea wP‡Ë m¤úÖhy³ nBevi AwaKvi _vwK‡jI wbZ¨
m¤úÖhy³ nB‡Z cv‡i bv|
weiwZ ˆPZwmKÎq Aówea †jv‡KvËi wP‡Ë meŸ©`v GKxf‚Z nBqvwP‡Ëi
¯^fv‡e cwiYZ nBqvwe`¨gvb _v‡K; wKš‘ KvgvePi Aó Kzkj-wP‡Ë hLb evK&-
`yðvwiÎ¨ e¾©b Kiv nq ZLb Òmg¨K&-evK¨Ó ˆPZwmK Drcbœ nq, e¾©b bv
Kwi‡j nq bv| †mBiƒc Kvq-`yðvwiÎ¨ e¾©‡b Òmg¨K&-K¤§©Ó Drcbœ nq, e¾©b bv
Kwi‡j nq bv| Òwg_¨vRxeÓ e¾©‡b Òmg¨K&-AvRxeÓ Drcbœ nq, bZyev nq bv|
Bnv‡ì Avj¤^b wewfbœ, GB Kvi‡Y Bnviv GK¶‡Y GKwP‡Ë Drcbœ nB‡Z cv‡i
bv| †jvKxq weiwZ-wP‡Ëi Avj¤^‡bi cÖ‡qvRb|
ÒKi“YviÓ Avj¤^b c‡ii `ytL; gyw`Zvi Avj¤^b c‡ii m¤ú`| GB
Avj¤^‡bi wewfbœZv †nZz ci¯úi wewfbœ nBqv Drc`¨gvb wP‡Ë Zvnviv Drcbœ
nq|
ÒgvbÓ ˆPZwmK †jvf-g~jK `„wó-wecÖhy³ wP‡Ë Drcbœ nB‡jI ÒAvwg †kªôÓ
GBiƒc fve _vwK‡jB Bnv Drcbœ nq|
cÂwea mmvs¯‹vwiK wP‡Ë Ò¯—¨vb-wg×Ó ˆPZwmKØq Drcbœ nBevi AeKvk
_vwK‡jI, wPË-‰PZwmK hLb Avj¤^b MÖnY Kwi‡Z cv‡i, ZLb Zvnviv Drcbœ
nBevi AeKvk cvq bv| wKš‘ mmvs¯‹vwiK wPË hw` Avj¤^b mn¨ Kwi‡Z ev MÖnY
Kwi‡Z bv cv‡i, A_©vr hLb wPË M−vwbhy³ I AK¤§©Y¨ nq, ZLb Ò¯—¨vb-
wg‡×iÓ DrcwËi AeKvk N‡U| GBiƒ‡c BnvivI ÒAwbqZ-‰PZwmKÓ|
Aewkó GKPwj−k ˆPZwmK wbqZ-‡hvMx A_©vr †hvMbxq wP‡Ë wbqgvbymv‡i
wbZ¨ m¤úÖhy³ (Drcbœ) nq|
11| †jv‡KvËi wP‡Ë ˆPZwmK-msMÖn|

†jv‡KvË‡ii Aówea cÖ_g a¨vb-wP‡Ë QwÎk cÖKvi ˆPZwmK
hy³ _v‡K| h_vt- Ab¨-mgvb †Zi, AcÖ‡gq-ew¾©Z †kvfb
ˆPZwmK †ZBk|
†mBiƒc wØZxq a¨vb-wP‡Ë weZK©-ew¾©Z, Z…Zxq a¨vb-wP‡Ë
weZK©-wePvi ew¾©Z, PZz_© a¨vb-wP‡Ë weZK©-wePvi-cÖxwZ-ew¾©Z
Ges cÂg a¨vb-wP‡Ë weZK©-wePvi-cÖxwZ ew¾©Z, wKš‘ D‡cÿv-
‡e`bv-mnMZ cÖ_g a¨v‡bv³ ˆPZwmK¸wj hy³ nq| Aówea
†jv‡KvËi wP‡Ë cÂwea a¨vb †f‡` GB cÂwea msMÖn|
12| ¯§viK-Mv_vt- QwÎk I cuqwÎk, †PŠwÎk h_vµ‡g,
†ZwÎk, ewÎk a¤§© cÂ †jv‡KvËi a¨v‡b|
13| gn`MZ wP‡Ë ˆPZwmK msMÖn|
gn`MZ wP‡Ëi g‡a¨ cÖ_g a¨vwbK wPËÎ‡qi †h †KvbwU‡Z
ÔAb¨-mgvbÓ †Zi ˆPZwmK, weiwZÎq ew¾©Z evBk Ò†kvfb-
‰PZwmKÓ, meŸ©ï× GB cuqwÎk ˆPZwmK hy³ nq| GLv‡b
ÒKiæYvÓ I Ògyw`ZvÓ wKš‘ ci¯úi c„_K fv‡e hy³ nq| wØZxq
a¨vwbK wP‡Ë weZK© ew¾©Z, Z…Zxq a¨vwbK wP‡Ë weZK©-wePvi
ew¾©Z, PZz_© a¨vwbK wP‡Ë weZK©-wePvi-cÖxwZ ew¾©Z Ges cÂg
a¨vwbK wP‡Ë weZK©-wePvi-cÖxwZ ew¾©Z wKš‘ D‡cÿv mnMZ,-
Dc‡iv³ cÖ_g a¨v‡bi ˆPZwmK mg~n hy³ nq| wKš‘ cbi cÖKvi
cÂg a¨vwbK wP‡Ë AcÖ‡gq ˆPZwmKØq cvIqv hvq bv| GBiƒ‡c
mvZvk cÖKvi gn˜MZ wP‡Ë cÂwea a¨vb-‡f‡` cÂwea msMÖn|
14| ¯§viK-Mv_vt- cuqwÎk I †PŠwÎk, †ZwÎkI µg g‡Z,
ewÎk I wÎk a¤§© cÂwea gn˜M‡Z|
15| KvgvePi †kvfb wP‡Ë ˆPZwmK-msMÖn|

K| KvgvePi †kvfb wP‡Ëi g‡a¨-
(1) Kzkj-wP‡Ëi cÖ_g hyM‡j †Zi ÒAb¨-mgvbÓ ˆPZwmK,
cuwPk †kvfb ˆPZwmK,-meŸ©‡gvU AvUwÎk ˆPZwmK hy³ nq|
G¯’‡j Bnv `ªóe¨ †h, AcÖ‡gqØ‡qi I weiwZÎ‡qi cÖ‡Z¨KwU
ci¯úi c„_K nBqv hy³ nq| †mBiƒc GB AvUwÎk ˆPZwmK
nB‡Z-
(2) wØZxq wPË-hyM‡j, cÖ‡Áw›`ªq ˆPZwmK ew¾©Z mvBwÎk
ˆPZwmK hy³ nq|
(3) Z…Zxq hyM‡j, cÖ‡Áw›`ªq m¤úÖhy³ I cÖxwZ-ew¾©Z
mvBwÎk hy³ nq|
(4) PZz_© hyM‡j, cÖ‡Áw›`ªq I cÖxwZ-ew¾©Z QwÎk ˆPZwmK
hy³ nq|
L| (5-8) Aówea m‡nZzK KvgvePi wµqv wP‡Ë weiwZÎq
ew¾©Z cuqwÎk ˆPZwmK, D³ Pvwi hyM‡ji wbq‡g PZzweŸ©a
AvKv‡i hy³ nq|
M| (9-12) †mBiƒc Aówea m‡nZzK KvgvePi wecvK-wP‡Ë
AcÖ‡gq I weiwZ ew¾©Z †ZwÎk ˆPZwmK D³ Pvwi hyM‡ji
wbq‡g PZzweŸ©a AvKv‡i hy³ nq| PweŸk cÖKvi KvgvePi †kvfb-
wP‡Ë hyMj Abymv‡i evi cÖKvi msMÖn GBiƒ‡c MwYZ nq|
16| ¯§viK-Mv_vt-
m‡nZzK †kvf‡bi PvwiwU hyM‡j,
AvUwÎk, mvÕwÎkØq, QwÎkwU wg‡j|
m‡nZzK gnvwµqv PZzhy©M¥ gv‡S,
cuÕwÎk, †PŠwÎkØq, †ZwÎkB iv‡R|
Pvwi m‡nZzK gnvwecvK hyM‡j,
†ZwÎk, ewÎkØq, GKwÎk wg‡j|

ew¾©Z ˆPZwmK-msMÖntø
m‡nZzK gnvwµqv Avi gn˜M‡Z,
ÒweiwZiÓ we`¨gvb bvB †Kvbg‡Z|1
AbyË‡i ÒAcÖ‡gqÓ bvB we`¨gvb;
gnvwecv‡K DfqB K‡i AšÍ×©vb|2
wewkó ˆPZwmK-msMÖntø
†jv‡KvË‡i a¨vbv‡½i Av‡Q wewkóZv;
Òa¨vbv½Ó I ÒAcÖ‡gqÓ gn˜M‡Z Z_v|3
cwi‡Î êwkó¨c~Y© wZbwU ÒweiwZÓ
ÒÁvbÓ ˆPZwmK mn ÒAcÖ‡gqÓ, ÒcÖxwZÓ|4
1
†jvKxq weiwZÎ‡qi Kzkj ¯^fve †nZz gnvwµqv I gnvwecvK wP‡Ë Zvnviv
Drcbœ nq bv| weiwZi Avj¤^b cwiZ¨Rbxq e¯‘, wKš‘ gn˜MZ wP‡Ëi Avj¤^b
ÒcÖwZfvM-wbwgËÓ| GBiƒ‡c Avj¤^‡bi wewfbœZvq gn˜MZ wP‡Ë weiwZ ˆPZwmK
hy³ nq bv|
2
AcÖ‡gq ˆPZwm‡Ki Avj¤^b ÒmË¡Ó, wKš‘ †jv‡KvËi wP‡Ëi Avj¤^b ÒwbeŸ©vYÓ|
wewfbœ Avj¤^b GK wP‡Ë Drcbœ nq bv| ÒKi“YvÓ Ògyw`ZvÓ `yB AcÖ‡gq
ˆPZwmK gnvwµqvq (An©Z hLb Ki“Yv I gyw`Zv cÖ`k©b K‡ib) Drcbœ nB‡jI,
gnvwecvK wP‡Ë Drcbœ nq bv, KviY BnvivI Kzkj ¯^fvem¤úbœ| DfqweiwZ
I AcÖ‡gq ˆPZwmK|
3
†jv‡KvËi I gn˜MZ wP‡Ë weZK©vw` a¨vbv‡½i µwgK wee¾©bZvB êwkó¨|
ÒKi“YvÓ Ògyw`ZvÓ gn`&M‡Zi cÖ_g Pvwi a¨v‡b Drcbœ nq| cÂg a¨v‡b Drcbœ
nq bv| KviY cÂg a¨v‡bi Ab¨Zi A½ ÒD‡c¶vÓ| BnvB AcÖ‡gq ˆPZwm‡Ki
we‡klZ¡|
4
cwi‡Î A_©vr KvgvePi †kvf‡b weiwZ ˆPZwmK ci¯úi wewfbœ nBqv Drcbœ
nq; wKš‘ gnvwecvK I gnvwµqvq Bnviv †gv‡UB Drcbœ nq bv| ÒÁvbBÓ cÖ_g
hyM‡ji mwnZ wØZxq hyM‡ji Ges Z…Zxq hyM‡ji mwnZ PZz_© hyM‡ji we‡klZ¡|
ÒcÖxwZÓ cÖ_g `yB hyM‡j Drcbœ nq, wKš‘ †kl `yB hyM‡j A_©vr D‡c¶v mnMZ
wP‡Ë Drcbœ nq bv| AcÖ‡gq ˆPZwmKØqI c„_K fv‡e Drcbœ nq| BnvB Bnv‡ì
wewkóZv A_©vr msMÖn-wbqg-f½Zv|
17| AKzkj wP‡Ë ˆPZwmK-msMÖn|

(1) †jvf-g~jK cÖ_g Amvs¯‹vwiK wP‡Ë,- Ab¨-mgvb †Zi
ˆPZwmK, Pvwi meŸ©-AKzkj-wPË-mvaviY ˆPZwmK, GB m‡Zi
ˆPZwm‡Ki mwnZ Ò†jvfÓ Ges Ò`„wóÓ ˆPZwmK,ømeŸ©ï× Ewbk
ˆPZwmK hy³ nq| †mBiƒc wØZxq Amvs¯‹vwiK wP‡Ë, D³ m‡Zi
ˆPZwm‡Ki mwnZ Ò†jvfÓ Ges ÒgvbÓ ˆPZwmKømeŸ©ï× Dwbk
ˆPZwmK hy³ nq|
(2) wKš‘ Z„Zxq Amvs¯‹vwiK wP‡Ë, D³ m‡Zi ˆPZwm‡Ki
g‡a¨ ÒcÖxwZÓ ew¾©Z nBqv Ò†jvfÓ Ges Ò`„wóÓ mshy³ nBqv
AvVvi ˆPZwmK hy³ nq| PZz_© Amvs¯‹vwiK wP‡Ë, D³ m‡Zi
ˆPZwm‡Ki g‡a¨ ÒcÖxwZÓ ew¾©Z nBqv Ò†jvfÕ Ges ÒgvbÓ
mshy³ nBqv AvVvi ˆPZwmK hy³ nq|
(3) wKš‘ cÂg Amvs¯‹vvwiK wPË cÖwZN m¤úÖh³ y | GB wP‡Ë
cÖv¸³ cÖ_g wP‡Ëi m‡Zi ˆPZwmK, †Øl, Cl©¨v, gvrmh©¨,
†KŠK…Z¨, PZzóq mn, cÖxwZ ew¾©Z, GKz‡b Kzwo ˆPZwmK hy³
nq| Cl©¨v, gvrmh©¨, †KŠK…Z¨ wKš‘ cÖ‡Z¨‡KB c„_K fv‡e hy³
nq|
(4-6) cÂwea mmvs¯‹vwiK wP‡Ë cÖv¸³ cÂwea Amvs¯‹vwiK
wP‡Ëi ch©¨vqvbymv‡i Ò¯Í¨vbÓ, Òwg×Ó ˆPZwmKØq †hvM Kwi‡jB
Zvnv‡ì ˆPZwmK cvIqv hvB‡e|
(7) ÒJ×Z¨Ó mnMZ wP‡Ë Q›` I cÖxwZ ew¾©Z Ab¨-mgvb
GMvi ˆPZwmK I meŸ©-AKzkj-wPË-mvaviY Pvwi
ˆPZwmK,ømeŸ©‡gvU GB cbi ˆPZwmK hy³ nq| †mBiƒc
ÒwewPwKrmvÓ mnMZ wP‡ËI ÒAwa‡gvÿÓ weiwnZ, wewPwKrmv-
mnMZ cbi a¤§© (ˆPZwmK) hy³ nq|
GBiƒ‡c evi cÖKvi AKzkj wP‡Ëi cÖ‡Z¨KwU‡Z ˆPZwmK-
m¤úÖ‡qvM cÖ`k©b Kwi‡Z hvBqv ˆPZwmK-msMÖn mßav nBqv‡Q|
18| ¯§viK-Mv_vt- Ewbk, AvVvi, Kzwo, GKzk I Kzwo,

evBk, cbi a¤§© mvZ fv‡M †nwi|
mvaviY Pvwi a¤§©, mgv‡bi `k|
meŸ© AKzk‡j hy³ GB PZzÏ©k|
19| A‡nZzK wP‡Ë ˆPZwmK-msMÖn|
A‡nZzK wP‡Ëi g‡a¨ (1) Ònwm‡Zvrcv`Ó wP‡Ë ÒQ›`Ó
weiwnZ Øv`k ÒAb¨-mgvbÓ ˆPZwmK hy³ nq|
(2) eë¯’vcb-wP‡Ë1 ÒQ›`Ó I ÒcÖxwZÓ ew¾©Z GKv`k Ab¨-
mgvb ˆPZwmK hy³ nq| †mBiƒc Ò†mŠgbm¨ mnMZ mšÍxiY
wP‡ËÓ Q›`-exh©¨ ew¾©Z GKv`k Ab¨-mgvb ˆPZwmK hy³ nq|
(3) ÒcÂØviveË©bÓ I Òm¤úÖZx”Q-ØqÓ bvgK g‡bvavZzÎ‡q
Ges A‡nZzK cÖwZmwÜ-hyMj bvgK ÒD‡cÿv mšÍxiYÓ wPËØ‡q
Q›`-cÖxwZ-exh©¨ ew¾©Z Ab¨-mgvb `k ˆPZwmK hy³ nq|
(4) ÒwØ-cÂ-weÁv‡bÓ cÖKxY©-‰PZwmK ew¾©Z ïay Òmß-
meŸ©wPË-mvaviYÓ ˆPZwmK hy³ nq|
GBiƒ‡c AvVvi cÖKvi A‡nZzK wPË‡K ˆPZwmK-ms‡hv‡Mi
MYbvbymv‡i Pvwi fv‡M fvM Kiv nBqv‡Q|
20| ¯§viK-Mv_vt- Øv`k I GKv`k, `k, mvZ, PZzbx© wZ
Aóv`k A‡nZzK wP‡Ëi msMÖn-ixwZ|
meŸ© A‡nZz‡K hy³ mß mvaviY,
Ab¨¸wj hy³ nq DwPZ hLb|2
†ZwÎk msMÖn †gvU we¯Ívi-K_b|
ˆPZwmK-m¤úÖ‡qvM-msMÖn Rvwbqv,
1
†evÌcb; cvVvš—i) †evU&Vb| BnvB g‡bvØviveË©b wPË|
2
A‡nZzK wP‡Ëi cÖ‡Z¨KwU‡K mßwea ÒmeŸ©-wPË-mvaviY ˆPZwmKÓ I h‡_vchy³
fv‡e ÒcÖKxY© ˆPZwmKÓ hy³ nq|
wPË-we‡køl‡Y Av‡Q myweav nBqv|

G ch©¨šÍ Awfa¤§©v_©-msMÖ‡n ˆPZwmK-msMÖn bvgK
wØZxq cwi‡”Q`|
ˆPZwmK-msMÖ‡ni ms‡ÿcv_© eY©bv|
KvgvePi, iƒcvePi, AiƒcvePi I †jv‡KvËi-f‚wg Abymv‡i
wPË-wefvM cÖ`k©‡bi ci, †mB mgy`q wP‡Ëi DcKiY-f‚Z wPË-
e„wË ev ˆPZwmK m¤^‡ÜB GB wØZxq cwi‡”Q‡` Av‡jvwPZ
nBqv‡Q| wP‡Ëi mwnZ GK m‡½ Drcbœ nq, GK m‡½ wbiæ×
nq, GK Avj¤^b I GK ev¯‘ MÖnY K‡i, Ggb wPË-hy³ evqvbœ
cÖKvi wPË-e„wËi bvg ˆPZwmK|1
Pvwi fzwgi wPËmg~n g~jZt mvZwU gvÎ ˆPZwm‡Ki mw¤§j‡b
MwVZ| h_vtø ¯úk©, †e`bv, msÁv, †PZbv, GKvMÖZv,
Rxwe‡Zw›`ªq I gb¯‹vi| GBRb¨ GB mß ˆPZwm‡Ki bvg ÒmeŸ©-
wPË-mvaviY ˆPZwmKÓ| Zvnviv cÖ‡Z¨K wPË-wµqvi m‡½
we`¨gvb _v‡K| GK wnmv‡e Zvnv‡ì cÖ‡Z¨KwU GK GKwU wPË|
hw` 89 cÖKvi wPË †KejgvÎ GB mß ˆPZwmK ms‡hv‡M MwVZ
nBZ, Zvnv nB‡j Avgiv ïay GK †kªYxi wPËB cvBZvg| wKš‘
Kzkj, AKzkj, Ae¨vK…Z (Kzkj ev AKzk‡ji AvKv‡i AwbwÏ©ó)
¯^fvem¤úbœ AviI cuqZvwjøk cÖKvi ˆPZwmK iwnqv‡Q| Zvnviv
bvbvwea wKš‘ wewae× mgev‡q GB mß meŸ©-wPË-mvaviY-
‰PZwmK-MwVZ †gŠwjK wP‡Ëi mwnZ hy³ nBqv Pvwi f‚wgi
EbbeŸB †kªYxi wPË Drcbœ K‡i| we¯ÍvwiZ fv‡e ewj‡Z †M‡j
GKkZ GKzk ‡kªYxi wPË Drcbœ K‡i| GB cwi‡”Q‡` cÖ_gZt
GB evqvbœ cÖKvi ˆPZwm‡Ki ¯^fve Abymv‡i †kªYx-fvM cÖ`wk©Z
1
13 c„ôvq `ªóe¨|
nBqv‡Q| wØZxqZt cÖ‡Z¨K ˆPZwmK KZ cÖKvi wP‡Ë m¤úÖh³ y

nq Zvnv cÖ`wk©Z nBqv‡Q| Z…ZxqZt cÖ‡Z¨K wP‡Ë KZ cÖKvi
ˆPZwm‡Ki msMÖn (`jve× DrcwË) nq, Zvnv cÖ`wk©Z nBqv‡Q|
GBiƒc †kªYxfvM, m¤úÖ‡qvM I msMÖn cÖ`k©‡b wK jvf? jvf GB
†h, Bnv Øviv wPË‡K we‡kølY, msMVb I wbqgb Kwievi myweav
nq| m‡eŸ©vcwi GB wP‡Ëi cðv‡Z _vwKqv †h ÒAvwgÓ bvgK
ÒAvÍvÓ bvgK wKQy wPË‡K cwiPvwjZ Kwiqv Avwm‡Z‡Q ewjqv GK
wg_¨v`„wó, wg_¨v-AwfgZ gvby‡li Dci AvwacZ¨ Kwi‡Z‡Q, †mB
wg_¨v aviYvi g~‡jvrcvU‡bi Dcvq jvf nq| †mB Dcvq, †mB
mg¨K& `„wó jv‡fi Rb¨ ˆPZwm‡Ki †kªYx-fvM cÖ`k©b Kwi‡Z
hvBqv cÖ_g MÖnY Kiv nBqv‡Qø
(K) mvZ cÖKvi meŸ©-wPË-mvaviY ˆPZwmKt-
1| ¯úk© (dm&m)ø mvaviYZt Z¡wMw›`ªq MÖvn¨ ¸YB ¯úk©|
wKš‘ `vk©wbK A‡_© Pÿz, †kªvÎ, NªvY, wRnŸv, Kvqv I g‡bi mwnZ
Zvnv‡ì ¯^ ¯^ wel‡qi Òmw¤§jb-‡evaBÓ ¯úk©| Z¡wMw›`ª‡qi
mwnZ Dnvi wel‡qi mw¤§jb nB‡jI hw` gb †m mw¤§j‡b hy³
bv nq, Z‡e Òmw¤§jb-‡evaÓ nq bv, myZivs Ò¯úk©Õ Drcbœ
nBqv‡Q ejv hvq bv| AZGe Pÿz-ms¯ú‡k©i DrcwËi Rb¨
Pÿz+eY©+gb GB wZbwUi mw¤§jb Avek¨K| Av‡jvKvw` cÖZ¨qI
Acwinvh©¨| †mBiƒc †kªvÎ+kã+gb GB wZbwUi Òmw¤§jb-
‡ev‡aÓ †kªvÎ-ms¯úk© Drcbœ nq; Aek¨ G¯’‡j evqyI Acwinvh©¨
cÖZ¨q| GBiƒ‡c Ò¯úk©Ó Pÿvw` Qq Bw›`ªq Abyhvqx Qq †kªYx‡Z
fvM Kiv hvq| h_vtø Pÿz-ms¯úk©, †kªvÎ-ms¯úk©, NªvY-
ms¯úk©, wRnŸv-ms¯úk©, Kvqv-ms¯úk© I gb-ms¯úk©| Kvqv,
NªvY I wRnŸv c‡_ †h ¯úk© Drcbœ nq, Zvnv‡Z Zvnv‡ì wel‡qi
mwnZ Zvnv‡ì msNl©Y Øviv Drcbœ nq| Pÿz, †kªvÎ, I gbt-
c‡_ †h ¯ú‡k©vrcwË nq Zvnv msNl©Y Øviv bv nB‡jI

msNl©YvKv‡i Drcbœ nq| wRnŸvq †ZuZzj msNl©Y Øviv †hgb
jvjv S‡i, Zvnvi `k©‡b, kªe‡Y I gb‡bI wRnŸvq jvjv Drcbœ
nq| GBRb¨ ejv nBqv‡Q ÒmjvqZb-c”Phv dm&‡mvÓ| myZivs
Bw›`ªq I Zvnvi wel‡qi mw¤§jbiƒc R‡oi wµqvwU ¯úk© b‡n,
†mB mw¤§jb m¤^‡Ü ÒwP‡Ëi AeMwZBÓ ¯úk©| GB A‡_© Ò¯úk©Ó
GKwU g‡bve„wË ev ˆPZwmK Ges Bnv meŸ©-wPË-mvaviY|
2| †e`bvt- ¯ú„ó Avj¤^‡bi Òim-‡evaÓ †e`bv| Avj¤^‡bi
imvbyfe Bnvi K…Z¨| †h †Kn †h †Kvb Avj¤^b Abyfe K‡i, †m
Dnv Av¯^v‡ì mwnZ ev we¯^v‡ì mwnZ A_ev ¯^v`-we¯^v` nxb
ga¨¯’ fv‡e Abyfe K‡i| GB wÎwea Abyf‚wZ (†e`bv) e¨ZxZ
Ab¨ †Kvb cÖKvi Abyf‚wZ nB‡Z cv‡i bv| †e`bvi Ab¨wea
cÖ‡f`vw` KvwqK I gvbwmK wnmv‡e nBqv‡Q gvÎ| myZivs
Abyf‚wZ Abymv‡i †e`bv (1) myL †e`bv, (2) `ytL †e`bv, (3)
A`ytL-AmyL †e`bv GB wÎwea| wKš‘ kvixwiK myL-‡e`bv, `ytL-
‡e`bv Ges gvbwmK †mŠgbm¨, †`Š¤§©bm¨, D‡cÿv †e`bv, GB
cÂ Bw›`ªq-cÖ‡f` †e`bv| A_©vr Kv‡qw›`ªq I g‡bw›`ªq †f‡` GB
cÂwea †e`bv| Òdm&m-c”Phv †e`bvÓ|
3| msÁv (mT&Tv)tø †Kvb Avj¤^b Pÿvw` Bw›`ªq-c‡_
†hBiƒc cÖwZfvZ nq, †mBiƒc ÁvbB †mB Avj¤^b m¤^Üxq
msÁv| K‡qKRb AÜ GKwU n¯Íxi wewfbœ cÖZ¨½ ¯úk© Kwij|
†h cv`¯úk© Kwij †m g‡b Kwij n¯Íx ¯Í¤¢ m`„k| †h ïÐ ¯úk©
Kwij †m fvwej n¯Íx mc©vK…wZ| †h KY© ¯úk© Kwij †m fvwej
n¯Íx m~‡c©i (Kzjvi) Zzj¨| n¯Íx m¤^‡Ü BnvB A‡Üi aviYv ev
msÁv| Z`ªƒc msÁv, Avj¤^b Bw›`ªq-c‡_ †hgbwU cÖwZfvZ nq
wVK& †Zgb ÁvbUzKz| GB msÁv Øviv GK Avj¤^b nB‡Z Ab¨
Avj¤^b‡K c„_K Kwi‡Z I cybivq wPwb‡Z cviv hvq gvÎ|

Avj¤^b m¤^‡Ü msÁv Øviv B‡ZvwaK Ávb R‡b¥ bv; ÒmsÁvÓ,
ÒweÁvbÓ, ÒAwfÁvÓ, ÒcÖÁvÓ, cÖf…wZ Avj¤^b m¤^‡Ü Áv‡bi
µ‡gvbœwZi wewfbœ Ae¯’v ÁvcK kã| Zb¥‡a¨ ÒmsÁvÓ Avj¤^b
m¤^‡Ü cÖv_wgK Ávb| Avj¤^‡bi eënvi, cÖ‡qvRb ev cÖK…wZ
m¤^‡Ü †Kvb Ávb msÁv Øviv Drcbœ nq bv| wkï †h Qwe-K…Z¨
weovj‡K cwiwPwýZ Kwi‡Z cv‡i, Zvnv Zvnvi c~eŸ©jä Òweovj-
msÁvÓ Øviv|
4| †PZbvt- Ò†P‡ZZxÕwZ †PZbvÓ| hvnv wPšÍv Kivq Zvnv
†PZbv| †PZbv mnRvZ ˆPZwmK¸wj‡K (1) wb‡Ri A½xf‚Z
Kwiqv Avj¤^‡b †hvM K‡i I Zvnv‡ì Kv‡h©¨ D‡Ïk¨ wb×©viY
K‡i Ges K¤§©wmw×i Rb¨ cÖ‡ivwPZ K‡i| Bnv ÒmnRvZ-
‡PZbvÓ| (2) †jvfvw` †nZz ms‡hv‡M GB †PZbv ÒK‡¤§©Ó cwiYZ
nq Ges ms¯‹viiƒ‡c wPË-mšÍwZ‡Z cÖ”Qbœ _v‡K I AeKvk
cvB‡j evK&-K‡¤§© ev Kvq-K‡¤§© cÖKvwkZ nq| hLb Bnv
KzkjvKzk‡j cwiewË©Z nq ZLb ÒbvbvÿwYK-‡PZbvÓ| K¤§©-
m¤úv`b-Kvj I d‡jvrcwË-Kvj wewfbœ ewjqv Bnv bvbvÿwYK|
ÒbvbvÓ A_© wewfbœ|
5| GKvMÖZv (GKM&MZv)tø GKwU gvÎ wel‡q wP‡Ëi wbðj
Ae¯’vB GKvMÖZv| GKvMÖZv hLb cwic~Y©Zv cÖvß nq, ZLb Dnv
ÒmgvwaÓ bv‡g AwfwnZ nq| Avj¤^b nB‡Z wP‡Ëi Awe‡ÿcZv
Bnvi jÿY| wPË hLb Bnvi wel‡q GKvMÖ nq, ZLb Zvnv‡Z
wbe× _v‡K, welq nB‡Z wewÿß nq bv| GKvMÖZv Bnvi
m‡nvrcbœ ˆPZwm‡Ki Dci cÖvavb¨ Kwiqv Zvnv‡ì g‡a¨ cÖgyL
(†kªô) nq| gvbwmK kvwšÍ Bnvi im ev mvivsk| GKvMÖ ev
mgvwnZ wPË h_vh_ †`wL‡Z cvq, myZivs ÒÁvbÓ Bnvi cwiYvg
dj| GKvMÖZv e¨ZxZ wPË Bnvi welq ev Avj¤^b MÖnY Kwi‡Z

cv‡i bv| cÿvšÍ‡i meŸ© wbæ †kªYxi KxUvw` cÖvYx‡ZI GB
ÒGKvMÖZviÓ A¼zi we`¨gvb Av‡Q|
6| Rxwe‡Zw›`ªqt- wP‡Ëi Rxebx-kw³| wPË-cÖevn cybt cybt
f½ nB‡jI GB kw³i e‡j, ¯‹‡Üi wbeŸ©vY bv nIqv ch©¨šÍ,
cybt cybt Drcbœ nB‡Z _v‡K| GB kw³ wPË-mšÍwZi Dci
B›`ªZ¡ (AvwacZ¨) K‡i ewjqvB Bnv‡K RxwZ‡Zw›`ªq ejv
nBqv‡Q| hwÌ Ab¨vb¨ ˆPZwm‡Ki ¯^ ¯^ K…Z¨ iwnqv‡Q, GB
Rxwe‡Zw›`ªq ˆPZwm‡Ki K…Z¨ H me ˆPZwm‡Ki cÖevn‡K DrcwË-
w¯’wZ-f½ ch©¨šÍ cvjb I iÿv Kiv| GBRb¨ Abycvjb Bnvi
jÿY| AÌmvwjbx‡Z D³ Av‡Q ÒAbycvwj‡Z D`Ks weh
Dàjv`xwbÓ| A_©vr Kgj-`Ð-w¯’Z Rj †hgb Kg‡ji mRxeZv
iÿv K‡i, †Zgwb Rxwe‡Zw›`ªq mnRvZ-wPË-‰PZwmK‡K RxweZ
iv‡L| Ò†PZbvÓ Bnvi mnRvZ-‰PZwm‡Ki Kvh©ëjx wb×©viY
Kwiqv †`q; wKš‘ †PZbvi Ges Bnvi mnRvZ-‰PZwm‡Ki kw³
Rxwe‡Zw›`ªq-‰PZwm‡Ki Dci wbf©i K‡i| Rxwe‡Zw›`ªqB
Bnvw`M‡K Rxebxkw³ `vb K‡i|
7| gb¯‹vi (gbwmKvi)tøgb‡hvM; g‡bi wµqv;
AÌmvwjbx‡Z D³ Av‡Q Òcywig gb‡Zv wemw`ms gbs K‡ivZxÕwZ
g‡bvwmKv‡ivÓ| gb¯‹vi gb‡K c~eŸ©ve¯’v nB‡Z wfbœve¯’vcbœ
K‡i| Bnv wÎwea Ae¯’vq m¤úvw`Z nq|
(K) Avj¤^b-cÖwZcv`K (cwiPvjK) gb¯‹vi| †mB cÖwZmwÜ-
wPË nB‡Z cÖengvb wPË-mšÍwZ cybt cybt Avj¤^b-gy³ nBqv
wbiæ× nB‡jI cybt cybt fev½vj¤^‡b hy³ nq| wP‡Ëi GB iƒc
Avj¤^‡b ms‡hvM-ÿgZvB Ògb¯‹viÓ| mviw_ †hgb Ak¦‡K jÿ¨-
¯’‡j cwiPvjbv I Dc¯’vcb K‡i, GB Ògb¯‹viIÓ wPË‡K
Avj¤^‡b cwiPvjb I ms‡hvM K‡i| (L) fev½vj¤^b cwiZ¨vM

Kwiqv hLb wPË cÂØv‡i AvewË©Z nq, ZLb gb¯‹vi wPË-
mšÍwZ‡K Avj¤^bvwfg~Lx Kwiqv iv‡L| Bnv exw_-cÖwZcv`K
gb¯‹vi| (M) g‡bvØviveË©b-gbwmKvi Avj¤^b‡K RebvwfgyLx
Kwiqv iv‡L| Bnv Reb-cÖwZcv`K gb¯‹vi| G¯’‡j (K) Avj¤^b
cÖwZcv`K gb¯‹viB e³e¨| m¤úÖh³ y a¤§©‡K (ˆPZwmK‡K
Avj¤^‡b cwiPvjbvq gb¯‹vi mviw_ m`„k| Ò†PZbvÓ Avj¤^b
wb‡Ï©k K‡i, wKš‘ gb¯‹vi †mB Avj¤^‡b jÿ¨ iv‡L| gb¯‹v‡ii
Geswea wµqv evwn‡ii Avj¤^‡bi D‡ËRbvqI nB‡Z cv‡i,
A_ev ¯^ZtB Af¨šÍi nB‡Z Drcbœ nB‡Z cv‡i| GB gb¯‹v‡iB
wP‡Ëi cÖ_g wµqv Avi¤¢ nq| cÂØviveË©b wP‡Ë gb¯‹v‡ii
cÖvavb¨B we`¨gvb| wPË †h Avj¤^b MÖnY K‡i G wel‡q Zvnvi
wbZ¨ mnvq Ògb¯‹viÓ| gb¯‹vi wPË‡K Avj¤^b-k~b¨ nB‡Z †`q
bv|
(L) Qq cÖKvi cÖKxY©-‰PZwmK|
ÒcÖKxY©Ó we‡klYwUi A_© we¯ÍxY©, Am¤^Ü| GB ˆPZwmK¸wj
†kvfbv‡kvfb wPË‡ÿ‡Î we¯ÍvwiZ nBqv c‡o, A_©vr mshy³ nq|
†hgb Ò†gvnÓ A‡kvfb wP‡Ë Ges kª×v †kvfb wP‡Ë Ave×
_v‡K, GB Qq ˆPZwmK †Zgb †kvfb-wP‡Ë ev A‡kvfb-wP‡Ë
Ave× _v‡K bv, Dfqwea wP‡Ë Bnv‡ì ms‡hvMvwaKvi Av‡Q|
GBRb¨ Bnv‡ì bvg ÒcÖKxY©-‰PZwmKÓ| Bnviv hLb †kvfb-
wP‡Ë hy³ nq, ZLb Kzkj K‡¤§© mvnvh¨ K‡i| hLb A‡kvfb-
wP‡Ë hy³ nq, ZLb AKzkj K‡¤§©i mnvq nq|
1| weZK© (weZ°)1t- wPšÍv; Avj¤^‡b wPË‡K Av‡ivnY Kivb

weZ‡K©i K…Z¨| weZK© Zvnvi mnRvZ ˆPZwmK‡K Avj¤^‡b †hb
enb Kwiqv jBqv hvq| Ò†PZbvÓ Avj¤^b wbeŸ©vPb K‡i,- †hb
kKUv‡ivnx| Ògb¯‹viÓ †mB Avj¤^‡b jÿ¨ iv‡L,-‡hb mviw_|
wKš‘ ÒweZK©Ó mnRvZ-‰PZwmK‡K †mB Avj¤^‡b Uvwbqv jBqv
hvq,-‡hb Ak¦| gb¯‹vi KË©„K cwiPvwjZ nBqv weZK© ev wPšÍv
hLb wPË‡K †PZbv-wbeŸ©vwPZ wbeŸ©vYvj¤^‡b cwiPvjbv K‡i,
ZLb GB weZK© Ò†jv‡KvËi mg¨K&-m¼íÓ AvL¨v cÖvß nq| wPË
weZK© Øviv Avj¤^b MÖnY Kwi‡j Ab¨vb¨ m¤úÖh³ y ˆPZwmK
Avj¤^‡b ¯^ ¯^ Kvh©¨ m¤úv`b K‡i| weZK© Ò¯Í¨vb-wg‡×iÓ
cÖwZcÿ; GRb¨ Bnv a¨vbv½ A_©vr a¨vb-wPË MV‡bi Ab¨Zg
DcKiYf‚Z ˆPZwmK|
2| wePvi2 t- weZK© Øviv wPË †hB Avj¤^b MÖnY K‡i, wePvi
†mB Avj¤^‡bi ¯^fve Rvwbevi Rb¨, Zb¥‡a¨ cybt cybt wbg¾b
c~eŸ©K †mB Avj¤^‡b cÖewË©Z (Drcvw`Z) nB‡Z _v‡K| Abyg¾b
Bnvi jÿY| †Kvb gwjb cvÎ cwi®‹vi Kwievi Rb¨ GK n‡¯Íi
Øviv Dnv MÖnY I aviY Kwiqv ivLv weZ‡K©i Kv‡h©ï mwnZ
Zzjbxq; Ges Ab¨ n¯Í Øviv cybt cybt Nl©Y wePv‡ii Kv‡Ri
b¨vq| wePvi wewPwKrmvi cÖwZcÿ, GRb¨ Bnv a¨vbv½|
3| Awa‡gvÿ (Awa‡gvK&L)tø c~Y©gyw³| wK nB‡Z gyw³?
mskq nB‡Z; ÒBnvÓ bv ÒDnvÓ wP‡Ëi Geswea †`vjvqgvb
AwbðqZv nB‡Z gy³ nBqv wm×v‡šÍi Ae¯’v| †mB wm×všÍ mZ¨
nB‡ZI cv‡i, bv nB‡ZI cv‡i| Bnv wP‡Ëi †`vjvqgvb Ae¯’vi
cÖwZcÿ| Avj¤^‡b B›`ªKx‡ji gZ wbðj fve A_©vr wm×v‡šÍi
1
37 c„ôv `ªóe¨|
2
37 c„ôv `ªóe¨
Ae¯’v Bnvi jÿY| eb¨-c‡_ Pwj‡Z Pwj‡Z †hb †Kn Ggb GK

¯’v‡b DcbxZ nBj †h, H ¯’v‡b c_ wØav wfbœ nBqv `yB w`‡K
`yBwU Pwjqv‡Q| c_Pvix GB `yBwU c‡_i AbymiYxqwU hZÿY
wm×všÍ Kwi‡Z bv cv‡i, ZZÿY Zvnvi msk‡qi Ae¯’v| wKš‘
hLb, wVK& c_ nDK, ev bv nDK, GKwUi AbymiY Kwievi
wm×všÍ Kwiqv †d‡j, ZLb Zvnvi wP‡Ëi Awa‡gv‡ÿi Ae¯’v|
4| exh©¨ (wewiq)tø exiZ¡; Aaëmvq; K¤§©kw³| Kvh©¨vi¤¢
Bnvi ¯^fve; evavi ci evav AwZµg Bnvi K…Z¨,øGRb¨ Bnvi
Aci bvg ÒcivµgÓ| wP‡Ëi µwgK MwZ iÿv K‡i ewjqv Bnv
ÒDrmvnÓ| weiæ× kw³ cÖwZnZ K‡i ewjqv Ò¯’vgÓ1 | wPË-
mšÍwZ aviY K‡i ewjqv ÒaxwZÓ| cÖMnÖ 2 I Dc¯Í¤¢b3 Bnvi
jÿY| exh©¨ †KŠmx‡`ï cÖwZcÿ| Avh©¨-Aóvw½K gv‡M© Bnv
mg¨K&-e¨vqvg; mß‡eva¨‡½ exh©¨-‡eva¨½; Fw×-cv‡` exh©¨ Fw×|
GB exh©¨-‰PZwmKB kveKnviv KvVweovj‡K ¯^xq jv½yj mvnv‡h¨
b`xi Rj †mPb Kwiqv †mªvZevwnZ kve‡Ki D×v‡i iZ
KwiqvwQj| GB exh©¨-‰PZwmKB kvK¨gywbi wP‡Ë c~YZ © v cÖvß
nBqv D`MxZ nBqvwQjtøÒAvgvi Z¡K Ges øvqy Ges Aw¯’ ï®‹
nBqv hvDK! ï®‹ nBqv hvDK Avgvi kixi, i³, gvsm! ZeyI
cyiæ‡li kw³ e‡j hvnv cÖvße¨, cyiæ‡li D`¨‡g, cyiæ‡li
civµ‡g hvnv AwaMg¨, Zvnv bv cvIqv ch©¨šÍ D`¨g Pwj‡Z
_vwK‡eÓ| †hB Òexh©¨Ó A½ywjgvj‡K `my¨ KwiqvwQj, †mB
Òexh©¨BÓ Kzkj-c_ cÖvß nBqv Zuvnv‡K Ain‡Z¡ DbœwgZ
KwiqvwQj| †h a‡¤§©i evYx ÒAËvwn AË‡bv bv‡_v †Kvwn bv‡_v
1
¯’vg (¯’v + gb&)= kw³|
2
cÖMÖn= `„p MÖnY, eÜb|
3
Dc¯—¤¢b= cZb-‡iva-KiY, ¯—¤¢b †hgb M„‡ni|
c‡iv wmhvÓ? †m a‡¤§©i AbyMvgxi c‡ÿ exh©¨ ˆPZwm‡Ki

Abykxj‡bi Avek¨KZv KZ †ekx! Òexh©¨Ó `k-cviwgZvi
Ab¨Zg| Acvq f‡q DwØMœZv exh©¨ cÖ‡qv‡Mi KviY| `vb-kxj-
fvebvw` Kzkj K¤§© Drmvn-civµ‡gi mwnZ m¤úv`‡bi wbZ¨
Af¨vm Kwi‡jB exh©¨ µ‡g cwic~YZ © v cÖvß nq|
5| cÖxwZ1 (cxwZ)tø cxbbv‡_© cÖxwZ| GB ˆPZwmK wPË‡K
cÖmvwiZ K‡i; cÖùzwUZ c‡Ùi gZ wPË‡K cÖdzjZ ø vq weKwkZ
K‡i| myZivs ÒcÖdzjZ ø vÓ, Òm‡šÍvlÓ Bnvi cÖwZkã| A_©Kv‡iiv
Bnvi cÂwea ¯Í‡ii K_v e‡jbt- cÖxwZ †ivgvÂKi nB‡j
ÿzw`ªKv, we`y¨wØKv‡ki b¨vq nB‡j ÿwYKv, wPË‡K Zi‡½i b¨vq
D”QwmZ Kwi‡Z _vwK‡j AeµvwšÍKv2, MMbPvix wen‡½i gZ
DavI Kwi‡j D‡ØMv Ges meŸ© kixi e¨vc„Z Kwiqv `xß I
Kw¤úZ Kwi‡j ùziYv bv‡g AwfwnZ nq| cÖxwZ e¨vcv‡ì
cÖwZcÿ, GRb¨ Bnv a¨vbv½, †evwaiI A½| †Kvb wel‡q cÖxwZ
bv _vwK‡j †m wel‡q DbœwZ jvf Kiv hvq bv| ey×vby¯§„wZ,
a¤§©vby¯§„wZ, m•Nvby¯§„wZ, kxjvby¯§„wZ, Z¨vMvby¯§„wZ, †èZvby¯§„wZ,
Dckgvby¯§„wZ, iæÿ e¨w³i msmM© Z¨vM, kvšÍ e¨w³i mvnPh©¨,
Avb›``vqK m~Îve„wË, m‡eŸ©vcwi cÖxwZ-e×©‡bi AvMÖnkxjZv, GB
cÖxwZ-‰PZwmK Abykxj‡bi Dcvq| ÒcÖxwZÓ ms¯‹vi ¯‹Ü,
Ò†mŠgbm¨Ó †e`bv ¯‹Ü| cÖxwZi m‡½ †mŠgbm¨ wbZ¨ Drcbœ
nB‡jI, cÖxwZ-nxb nBqv ‡mŠgbm¨ Drcbœ nB‡Z cv‡i| Dcv‡`q
civbœ †fvR‡b †mŠgb‡mï m¤¢vebv _vwK‡Z cv‡i, cÖxwZi m¤¢vebv
_v‡K bv|
1
37 k c„ôv `ªóe¨|
2
¶zw`ªKvi wecixZ; cybt cybt DrcwËkxjv|
6| Q›`t- B”Qv gvÎB Q›`; wKš‘ GLv‡b Z…òvQ›` Awf‡cÖZ

b‡n| KË…©Kvg¨Zv-Q›`B GLv‡b DwÏó welq| Bnv wPKxl©v ev
Kwievi B”Qv;- cvBevi ev Dc‡fv‡Mi B”Qv b‡n| `vb-wP‡Ë Q›`
hy³ nq, †jvf hy³ nq bv, †mBiƒc meŸ© Kzkj wP‡Ë|
KË©„Kvg¨Zv-Q›` Avj¤^b B”Qv Kwi‡jI Z…òvi b¨vq Av¯^v`v_©
Avmw³i mwnZ B”Qv K‡i bv| GB Q›` e×g~j Z…òv nB‡Z
ejeËi| †mB Ae¯’vq Bnv ÒQ›`vwacwZÓ ÒQ›`-Fw×-cv`Ó bvg
cÖvß nq Ges Z…òv aŸs‡m mÿg nq|
ÒQ›`Rv‡Zv AbK&Lv‡Z gbmv P dz‡Uv wmhv,
Kv‡gmy P AàwUe×wP‡Zv D×s‡mv‡ZvÕwZ ey”PwZÓ|
a¤§c`- 128
wbeŸ©vYvj¤^‡bi cÖwZ †h Q›`, Zvnv Kvgbv-g~jK b‡n; Bnv
Kvgbv-AcÖwZe×|
mß-meŸ©wPË-mvaviY ˆPZwmK Ges Qq cÖKxY©-‰PZwmK, GB
†Zi cÖKvi ˆPZwm‡Ki mvaviY bvg ÒAb¨-mgvb ˆPZwmKÓ|
ÒA‡Twn A‡Tms ev mgvbv AT-mgvbvÓ| GB †Zi cÖKvi
ˆPZwmK wb‡Riv †kvfbI b‡n, A‡kvfbI b‡n,øBnviv Ae¨vK…Z
ev AwbwÏ©ó| Bnviv †kvfb-‰PZwm‡Ki mwnZ hy³ nB‡j †kvfb
K‡¤§© mvnvh¨ K‡i, A‡kvfb ˆPZwm‡Ki mwnZ hy³ nB‡j
A‡kvfb K‡¤§© mvnvh¨ K‡i| ÒcÖKxY©-‰PZwmKÓ meŸ©-wPË-
mvaviY b‡n|
(M) †PŠÏ cÖKvi AKzkj ˆPZwmK|
1| †gvnt- Ògyh&nZxÕwZ †gv‡nv; gyh&nwšÍ mËv G‡ZbvÕwZ
†gv‡nv| hØviv mË¡MY gyn¨gvb nBqv _v‡K; ZvnvB †gvn ev
AÁvbZv| m~Î-wcU‡K Bnv ÒAwe`¨vÓ AvL¨v cvBqv‡Q| AÜKvi
†hgb e¯‘wbPq‡K XvwKqv iv‡L Ges Pÿzi `„wó-kw³‡K e¨_©
Kwiqv †`q, †Zgwb †gvn Avj¤^‡bi h_v_© ¯^fve‡K XvwKqv iv‡L

Ges wP‡Ëi Kj¨vY I mZ¨-`„wó‡K e¨_© Kwiqv †`q| Avj¤^‡bi
h_v_© ¯^fve‡K Av”Qv`b KivB †gv‡ni ¯^fve| Kzkj K‡¤§©i w`K&
w`qv †gvn AÁvbZv e‡U, wKš‘ cvcK¤§© m¤úv`bv_© bvbv Dcvq
wb×©vi‡Y ÿgZvcbœ ewjqv †gvn Òwg_¨v-ÁvbÓ ev ÒKzcÖÁvÓ|
†gv‡ni b¨vq Ò†jvfÓ, Ò`„wóÓ, ÒweZK©Ó, ÒwePviÓ cvc-cÿ cÖvß
nBqv wg_¨v-Ávb-MwZ cÖvß nq| †gvn meŸ© AKzk‡ji g~j,
myZivs ÒmeŸ©-AKzkj-wPË-mvaviYÓ| †jvf-‡Ø‡li g~jI GB
†gvn| cÖÁv Bnvi cÖwZcÿ| AÜKvi †hgb Av‡jv‡Ki AfvevÍK,
†gvnI †Zgb cÖÁvi AfvevÍK| Av‡jv‡Ki e„w×‡Z †hgb AÜKvi
Avcbvcwb n«vm cvB‡Z _v‡K, †Zgb cÖÁvi e„w×‡Z †gvn
Avcbvcwb n«vm cvB‡Z _v‡K| wP‡Ëi AÜZv-DrcwË †gv‡ni
jÿY; Avj¤^‡bi h_v_© ¯^fve (AwbZ¨-`ytL-AbvÍ ¯^fve)
Av”Qv`b Bnvi K…Z¨; †nZz-Ávb-weiwnZ nBqv Avj¤^b-MÖnY
Bnvi DrcwË KviY| GBiƒ‡c †gvn Pvwi Avh©¨-mZ¨ I cÖZxZ¨-
mgyrcv` a¤§©‡K Rvwb‡Z †`q bv, eywS‡Z †`q bv| †gvn
kw³kvjx nB‡jI aŸsmkxj| kª×vgq wP‡Ëi `vb-kxj-fvebv
Øviv cÖÁvi µwgK e„w×i m‡½ m‡½ Bnv wejyß nB‡Z _v‡K|
2| An«x (AwnixK)tø Kvq-`yðwi‡Z, evK&-`yðwi‡Z,
g‡bv`yðwi‡Z j¾vnxbZv, N„YvnxbZvB An«x| eivn †hgb
gvby‡li cwiZ¨³ cyixl fÿ‡Y †Kvbiƒc N„Yv‡eva K‡i bv,
jw¾Z nq bv, An«xK e¨w³I †Zgwb m¾‡bi cwiZ¨³ cvcK‡¤§©
N„Yv ev j¾v K‡i bv| AvÍ-gh©¨v`v-ÁvbnxbZvB Bnvi DrcwË-
¯’j| Òn«xÓ Bnvi cÖwZcÿ|
3| AbcÎcv (A‡bvËà)tø Kvq`yðwiZvw` cÖwZd‡j
fqnxbZvB AbcÎcv| ÎvmnxbZv Bnvi jÿY| cZ½ †hgb
AwMœwkLv Avwj½‡b fqnxb, AbcÎcxI †Zgwb cvcK¤§©

m¤úv`‡b Îvmnxb|
4| J×Z¨ (D×”P)tø Avj¤^b nB‡Z wP‡Ëi Dr‡ÿcYB
J×Z¨ ev J×…Z¨| wP‡Ëi AkvwšÍ Bnvi jÿY, Aw¯’iZv-m¤úv`b
Bnvi K…Z¨, Aeëw¯’ZZv Bnvi cwiYvg dj, Ges AbywPZ
gb¯‹vi Bnvi gyL¨ KviY| f¯§¯Í‚‡c `ÐvNvZ Kwi‡j f¯§ivwk
†hgb Dr‡ÿwcZ nB‡Z _v‡K GB ˆPZwmKI wPË‡K Avj¤^b
nB‡Z cybt cybt Dr‡ÿcY Kwi‡Z _v‡K|1
5| †jvft- wjáv, Avmw³| †jvf wPË‡K iƒcvw` Avj¤^‡b
Avm³ Kwiqv iv‡L| GBiƒ‡c cÖwZwôZ ivwLqvB Kvq-K¤§©, evK&-
K¤§© I gbt-K¤§© m¤úv`b Kivq| GBRb¨ †jvf †nZz| Z¨Rbxq
Avj¤^b AcwiZ¨vM Bnvi jÿY Ges Dnv‡K iÿv I Dc‡fvM
Kiv Bnvi ¯^fve| ¯^Ë¡MY‡K myL gixwPKvq cÖjyä Kwiqv Rb¥-
g„Zzï cÖev‡n fvmvBqv WzevBqv, fvmvBqv WzevBqv `yt‡Li mgy‡`ª
cwiPvjbv Bnvi K…Z¨| GBRb¨ Bnv AKzkj| m~Î-wcU‡K Bnv
ÒZ…òvÓ bvg cÖvß nBqv‡Q, KviY Dc‡fv‡M Bnv wbe„Ë nq bv,
Bnv AZ…ß wccvmv| Amš‘wó Bnvi weKvk ev AvKvi| Z‡×Zz
ÒRqg½j-Aó-Mv_vqÓ ¯’wei-Kwe Bnv‡K Òmnmª-evûÓ iƒ‡c
wPwÎZ Kwiqv‡Qb| GB wPË-e„wËwUB PZzivh©¨-m‡Zï Òmgy`q-
mZ¨Ó| Avj¤^‡bi wewfbœZv Abymv‡i Bnv Kvg-Z…òv, fe-Z…òv
ev wefe-Z…òvi AvKvi aviY Kwiqv wPË‡K cwiPvjbv K‡i|
1
cvwj Ges evsjv fvlvq ÒD×iYÓ kãwU cvIqv hvq| Dfq fvlvq Bnvi GKB
A_©-ÒD‡ËvjbÓ, ÒD×viÓ| Dr + a„ + AbU& fv‡e A_ev Dr + ü + AbU&| GB
`yB avZz ms‡hv‡MB GB kãwU wb®úbœ| cvwj‡Z Bnvi we‡klYvKvi ÒD×ZÓ Ges
evsjv‡ZI ÒD×ZÓ ev ÒD×…ZÓ| cvwj‡Z D×‡Zi fve †hgb D×”P, evsjv‡Z
†Zgwb D×‡Zi fve ÒJ×Z¨Ó Ges D×…‡Zi fve ÒJ×Z¨Ó| wKš‘ evsjv‡Z
ÒD×ZÓ A‡_© ÒAwkóÓ, ÒAwebxZÓ Òi“¶ÓI eySvq|
†jvf wPË‡K c‡ii m¤úwËi Awfgy‡L a¨vb (wPšÍv) Kivq ewjqv

Bnvi bvg ÒAwfa¨vÓ| Avj¤^b‡K g‡bvig Kwiqv, iwÄZ Kwiqv
wPË‡K Avj¤^‡bi w`‡K AvKl©Y K‡i; ZvB Bnvi bvg ÒivMÓ|
wKš‘ Avj¤^b m¤^‡Ü AwbZ¨, `ytL, AïwP, AbvÍ-Áv‡bv`‡qi m‡½
m‡½ †mB Avj¤^‡bi cÖwZ †jvf n«vm cvB‡Z _v‡K| A‡jvf ev
ˆb®‹vg¨ Bnvi cÖwZcÿ| †jvf AKzk‡ji †nZz e‡U, Kzk‡ji wKš‘
ÒDcwbkªqÓ| ÒivMs wbm&mvq `vbs †`wZ, mxjs iK&‡LwZ,
D‡cvm_K¤§s K‡ivwZ, mgvwas fv‡ewZÓ| gvbyl †è‡jvK,
iƒc‡jvK Ges eªþ‡jv‡Ki my‡L †jvfcivqY nBqv `vb-kxj-
fvebvw` Kzkj K¤§© Kwiqv _v‡K| GBme K¤§© m¤úv`bKvixi
wP‡Ë †jvf-‰PZwmK m¤úÖhy³ _v‡K bv; GBRb¨ Bnviv Kzkj-
K¤§©| GBiƒ‡c †jvf Kzk‡ji c‡ivÿ KviY (Dcwbkªq) nq,
Ò†nZzÓ nq bv|
6| `„wó (wÙ&wV)tø `„wó ewj‡Z GLv‡b wg_¨v`„wó, wecixZ
`k©b, wg_¨v-gZev` eywS‡Z nB‡e| wg_¨v`„wó-m¤úbœ g‡b K‡i
Zvnvi AwfgZB mZ¨; Ab¨ me wg_¨v| GBiƒc wg_¨vq
Awfwb‡ek (AvMÖnhy³ gbtms‡hvM) `„wói jÿY| Ávb
Avj¤^b‡K Bnvi h_v_© ¯^fve Abymv‡i eywS‡Z cv‡i; `„wó wKš‘
Avj¤^‡bi h_v_© ¯^fve cwiZ¨vM Kwiqv, Bnvi Ah_v_© ¯^fve
MÖnY K‡i| Ò†gvnÓ Avj¤^‡bi h_v_© ¯^fve XvwKqv Ah_v_© ¯^fve
cÖ`k©b K‡i| Ò†jvfÓ †mB Ah_v_© ¯^fv‡ei w`‡K wPË‡K
AvKl©Y K‡i; Ò`„wóÓ Zvnv MÖnY K‡i| GBiƒ‡c †jvfB cÖZ¨ÿ
fv‡e `„wó-‡KvY‡K weZ_ Kwiqv wg_¨v-`„wó‡Z cwiYZ K‡i|
GBRb¨ †jv‡fi mwnZ `„wói AeëwnZ m¤^Ü,- Òwg”QwÙ&wV
†jvf-g~‡jb RvhwZÓ| wg_¨v`„wó ciKvj, KzkjvKzkj, K¤§©dj
eywS‡Z cv‡i bv| AwbZ¨‡K wbZ¨, `ytL‡K myL, AbvÍ‡K AvÍv g‡b
K‡i| Òmg¨K&-`„wóÓ Bnvi cÖwZcÿ1|
7| gvbtÑ ÒgT&TZxÕwZ gvbÓ| AvwgZ¡-‡eva| A‡bï m‡½
Zzjbv Kwiqv ÒgvbÓ wbR‡K †kªô g‡b K‡i| Ò†PZm DbœwZt,
A‡b¨f¨ AvÍb DrKl©vwfgv‡bv gvb DP¨‡ZÓ| Awfa¤§©‡Kvkt|
aŸRvmg~‡ni g‡a¨ †KZz (e„nr cZvKv) †hgb †kªô, †Zgb
Ab¨vb¨ e¨w³i g‡a¨ wbR‡K †kªô g‡b KivB Ògv‡biÓ jÿY|
Ò`„wóÓ Ges ÒgvbÓ DfqB cÂ¯‹Ü‡K ÒAv¯^v`gqÓ g‡b K‡i|
Z‡×Zz Dfq †jvfg~jK wP‡Ë Drcbœ nq| Ò`„wóÓ cÂ¯‹Ü‡K
ÒAvwgÓ iƒ‡c wbZ¨, myL, ïf I AvÍv ewjqv MÖnY K‡i| GBRb¨
Bnvi iÿv_© bvbvwea kxj-eªZ m¤úv`b K‡i| wKš‘ ÒgvbÓ `„wó-
M„nxZ ÒAvwgÓ†K A‡bï mwnZ †mŠ›`h©¨, †KŠjxb¨, eyw×gËv,
we`¨veËv, a¤§©Ávb, PwiÎ cÖf…wZ bvbv wel‡q Zzjbv K‡i Ges
†kªô g‡b K‡i| mgKÿ ev bxP g‡b KivI gv‡bi jÿY;-KviY
Zvnv‡ZI cwigvc ev Zzjbv iwnqv‡Q, AvwgZ¡-‡eva iwnqv‡Q|
Ò†jvfÓ, Ò`„wóÓ, ÒgvbÓ GB ˆPZwmKÎq †jvf-cÿxq A_©vr
†jvfg~jK wP‡ËB Drcbœ nq| ÒAwbZ¨-ÁvbÓ I ÒwPË-g„`yZvÓ
Bnvi cÖwZcÿ|
8| †Øl (†`vm)tø `~lY (†`vl Rb¥vb) ¯^fve wewkó
g‡bve„wËB †Øl| Avj¤^b‡K nbb K‡i ewjqv Bnvi Ab¨ bvg
ÒcÖwZNÓ| Avj¤^‡bi wnZ-my‡Li wec` AvKv•Lv K‡i ewjqv Bnv
Òe¨vcv`Ó| †Øl †Øl‡Ki A½-cÖZ¨½vwì weK…Z fve Drcv`b
Øviv †`n‡K `~wlZ K‡i Ges Zvnvi wPË‡K Z‡ZvwaK `~wlZ
K‡i| wKš‘ A‡bï †Øl Øviv wØó wbR‡K `~wlZ nB‡Z †Ìqv bv
†Ìqv wØ‡ói wb‡Ri DciB wbf©i K‡i| †µva ev PÐZv Bnvi
1
16k c„ôv `ªóe¨|
jÿY| GB PÐ-jÿ‡Y †Øl welai mc© nB‡ZI fxlYZi; `ªæZ

wemc©Y ¯^fv‡e Akwb-wbcvZ Zzj¨; AšÍ`v©n K…‡Z¨ `vevwMœ m`„k|
AvÍvwnZ mva‡b kÎæmg; meŸ©kt AwnZ mva‡b c~wZ-g~Îer|
wcZ…nZ¨v, gvZ…nZ¨v, An©Z-nZ¨v, ey‡×i kix‡i i³cvZ,
m•N‡f` cÖf…wZ hZ ¸iæZi cvcK¤§© Av‡Q, mg¯ÍB †Øl-g~jK|
†Kn Avgvi Awbó Kwi‡j wKsev Avgvi wcÖq e¯‘i ev wcÖqR‡bi
Awbó Kwi‡j, A_ev AwcÖqR‡bi DcKvi Kwi‡j †Øl Drcbœ
nq| †jv‡fi ¯^fve Avj¤^b iÿv I Dc‡fvM Kiv| wKš‘ †Ø‡li
¯^fve Avj¤^b aŸsm Kiv ÒˆgÎxÓ Bnvi cÖwZcÿ|
[wesk c„ôvq †Øl-wP‡Ëi ms‡ÿcv_© `ªóe¨]|
9| Cl©¨v (Bm&mv)tø cikªxKvZiZv| A‡bï gvb, hkt, ¸Y,
†mŠfvM¨ I myL-mg„w×-AmwnòzZv I Z¾wbZ wPË-‡ÿvf Cl©¨vi
jÿY| Bnv‡ì DrmbœZv-mvab Bnvi K…Z¨| ciwb›`v,
†`vlv‡ivc, wQ`ªv‡š^lY, wec`-Kvgbv Cl©¨vi Awfe¨w³ ev
AvKvi| Cl©¨v meŸ©‡Zvfv‡e AwnZKi I fq¼i AKzkj ˆPZwmK;
Ògyw`ZvÓ Bnvi cÖwZcÿ ev cÖZ¨vbxK; Df‡qi Avj¤^b c‡ii
m¤ú`| wKš‘ gyw`Zv GB Avj¤^b‡K Awfb›`b Kwiqv, gnr nq,
Ges Cl©¨v Bnvi aŸsm Kvgbv Kwiqv nxb nq|
10| gvrmh©¨ (g”Qwih)tø AvÍ-m¤úwË m‡½vc‡b”Qv| ÒGB
GB m¤ú` Avgvi nDK, A‡bï bv nDKÓ| ÒAvgvi jä m¤úwË
Avgvi cÖ‡qvRbv‡_©, A‡bï Rb¨ b‡nÓ, GBiƒ‡c AvÍ-m¤úwËB
gvrm‡h©ï Avj¤^b| jä ev jwfZe¨ m¤ú` AvÍ-cÖ‡qvRbv_©
†Mvcb Kwiqv ivLv gvrm‡h©ï jÿY| gvrm‡h©ï Kvi‡Y gvbyl
`vbvw` ciwnZ m¤úv`‡b Aÿg _v‡K| A‡b¨ wKQy jvf Kwiqv‡Q
ev Kwi‡e Rvwbqv †h wPË‡ÿvf R‡b¥, Zvnv Cl©¨v| hvnv wb‡Ri
jv‡fi Avkv wQj, wKš‘ jä nBj bv; Z¾b¨ †h wPË‡ÿvf Zvnv
gvrmh©¨| GB `yB ˆPZwmK †Ølg~jK wP‡ËB hy³ nq, wKš‘

Avj¤^‡bi cv_©K¨-‡nZz GK wP‡Ë Drcbœ nq bv| ÒKiæYvÓ Bnvi
cÖwZcÿ| gvrm‡h©ï Aci bvg K…cYZv, ¯^v_©ciZv, bxPZv|
gvrmh©¨ wPË‡K m¼zwPZ Kwiqv iv‡L, cÖmvwiZ nB‡Z †`q bv|
Bnv D`viZv, e`vb¨Zv, gnË¡ cÖf…wZ wP‡Ëi DbœZ Ae¯’v MV‡bi
cwicš’x|
11| †KŠK…Z¨ (Kz°z”P)t- †L`, Aby‡kvPbv, AbyZvc,
wecÖwZmvi Ges Z¾wbZ DrKÚv I D‡ØMB †KŠK…Z¨| [Kz
(Kzrwmr) + K…Z¨v (Kvh©¨) = KzK…Z¨v; KzK…Z¨v + ò¨ ¯^v‡_© =
†KŠK…Z¨]| GB D‡ØM `yB AvKv‡i wP‡Ë Drcbœ nq| (1) ÒKzkj-
K¤§© Kiv nBj bvÓ; (2) ÒAKzkj-K¤§© Kiv nBjÓ| AKzkj-
K‡¤§©i c~eŸ© mwÂZ Af¨vm cwiZ¨vM Kwiqv Kzkj-K¤§© m¤úv`b
Kwi‡Z cviv hvB‡Z‡Q bv ewjqv †h Aby‡kvPbv ZvnvI †KŠK…Z¨|
†KŠK…Z¨ †`Š¤§©bm¨ †e`bv-hy³; GRb¨ †ØlwPË mnMZ| wKš‘
Cl©¨v I gvrmh©¨ weew¾©Z nBqv Drcbœ nq| ÒJ×Z¨-‡KŠK…Z¨Ó
cÂ-bxei‡Yi Ab¨Zg| ÒcÖkªwäÓ Df‡qi cÖwZcÿ|
†Øl, Cl©¨v, gvrmh©¨ I †KŠK…Z¨ ˆPZwmK PZzóq cÖwZN
m¤úÖhy³ wP‡ËB Drcbœ nq|
12| ¯Í¨vb (_xb)tø [‰¯Í¨ + ³ fv‡e] wP‡Ëi AjmZv;
Avj¤^b m¤^‡Ü m‡¼vPbkxjZv I A¯úóZv; AK¤§©Y¨Zv;
Abyrmvn| ¯Í¨vb-wPË Kzkj Avj¤^b MÖnY Kwi‡Z †ivM-`yeŸ©j
n‡¯Íi b¨vq ïay kw³nxb b‡n; Awb”QyK| wP‡Ëi civµg webvk
Bnvi K…Z¨| ÒwPË-jNyZvÓ I ÒweZK©Ó Bnvi cÖwZcÿ|
13| wg×t- [wgn& + ³ fv‡e]| bvg-Kv‡qi A_©vr †e`bv-
msÁv-ms¯‹v‡ii AK¤§©Y¨Zv, Avj¤^‡b m‡¼vP-fve| m¤úÖhy³
ˆPZwm‡Ki civµg webvk Bnvi K…Z¨| ¯Í¨vb-wg× Df‡qi
K…Z¨,ø D`¨g‡K webvk Kiv| Df‡qi jÿY AK¤§©Y¨Zv|

Zvnv‡ì K…Z¨ Ges jÿ‡Yi GKZ¡ †nZz cÂ bxei‡Y Zvnviv
hyMjiƒ‡c M„nxZ nBqv‡Q| ÒKvq-jNyZvÓ I ÒweZK©Ó wg‡×i
cÖwZcÿ|
14| wewPwKrmv (wewPwK”Qv)tø mskq, wØgwZ| wPË hLb
ÒnuvÓ Ges ÒbuvÓi g‡a¨ Nwoi cwi‡`vj‡Ki gZ †`vwj‡Z _v‡K
ZLb wewPwKrmvi Ae¯’v| †Kvb wel‡q gxgvsmvi AÿgZv †nZz
wP‡Ëi Aw¯’iZv Bnvi jÿY| bvbv Avj¤^‡b wPË‡K cwiågY
Kivb wewPwKrmvi K…Z¨| AwbðqZv Bnvi cwiYvg dj| wP‡Ëi
GKvMÖZv ev mgvwa-hvnv Øviv cÖÁv jvf nq, Zvnv Øviv
wewPwKrmvI `~ixf~Z nq| wewPwKrmv bv _vwK‡j Ávb-wccvmv
Drcbœ nq bv| GB wnmv‡e wewPwKrmv Áv‡bi Dcwbkªq; †nZz
b‡n|
GB †PŠÏ cÖKvi AKzkj ˆPZwm‡Ki g‡a¨-‡gvn, An«x,
AbcÎcv I J×„Z¨ ÒmeŸ©-AKzkj wPË-mvaviYÓ| †jvf, `„wó,
gvb ïay †jvfg~jK wP‡Ë Drcbœ nq ewjqv GB wZb ˆPZwm‡Ki
mvaviY bvg Ò†jvf-wÎKÓ| †Øl, Cl©¨v, gvrml©¨, †KŠK…Z¨ GB
Pvwi ˆPZwmK ïay †Ølg~jK wP‡Ë Drcbœ nq ewjqv Bnv‡ì
mvaviY bvg Ò†Øl-PZzóqÓ| ¯Í¨vb-wg× ˆPZwmKØq †jvfg~jK I
†Ølg~jK Dfqwea AKzkj wP‡Ë Drcbœ nq ewjqv GB `yBwUi
mvaviY bvg ÒAKzkj-cÖKxY©Ó| ÒwewPwKrmvÓ ïay †gvn-wP‡Ë
mshy³ nq, Ges GKK| GBRb¨ Bnvi mvaviY bvgKiY
Am¤¢e| Z‡e ÒGK †gŠwjK ˆPZwmKÓ ejv hvB‡Z cv‡i|
(N) Ewbk cÖKvi †kvfb-mvaviY ˆPZwmK|
1| kª×v (m×v)tø [kªr (Ae¨q) + av + O fv‡e + ¯¿xs Avc&
= kª×v| kªªr = wek¦vm|]| †eŠ×-`k©‡b kª×v a‡¤§© AÜwek¦vm
b‡n, hyw³-m½Z wek¦vm ev c‡ivÿ Ávb| wP‡Ëi wb¤§©jZv I

D”PvKv•Lv kª×vi jÿY| m”Q mwj‡j †hgb P›`ª-m~‡h©ï ¯îƒc
cÖwZdwjZ nq, †Zgwb kª×v-wb¤§©j wP‡ËB ey×vw` kª‡×q e¯‘
M„nxZ nq;øcÂ-bxeiY (Kvg”Q›`, e¨vcv`, ¯Í¨vb-wg×, J×Z¨-
‡KŠK…Z¨, wewPwKrmv) wbe„Ë _v‡K| n¯Ínxb †hgb iZœvw` `k©b
Kwi‡jI MÖnY Kwi‡Z Aÿg, weËnxb †hgb †fvM-my‡L ewÂZ,
exRnxb nB‡j †hgb km¨vw` jvf nq bv, †Zgwb kª×v bv
_vwK‡j, `vb-kxj-fvebvw` cyY¨-K¤§© m¤úv`b Kiv hvB‡Z cv‡i
bv| kª×v ØvivB cyY¨-K¤§©vw` M„nxZ, K…Z I dwjZ nq| GRb¨
kª×v n¯Í-weË-exR m`„k| Ab¨ Zxw_©‡qi hyw³-nxb AÜ-wek¦vm
kª×v b‡n| Dnv kª×vi AvKv‡i Òwg_¨v-Awa‡gvÿÓ, Ò`„wóÓ,
m¤úÖZx”Q (gvwbqv jIqv) gvÎ| Akª×v Bnvi cÖwZcÿ| GKwU
`„óvšÍ wètø GKRb cw_K Zvnvi AcwiwPZ †`‡ki †Kvb iv¯Ív
w`qv hvB‡Z hvB‡Z GK bvwZ-ÿz`ª b`x Zvnvi Mgb-c‡_ evav
Rb¥vBj| b`x‡Z †Lqv †bŠKv wKsev †mZz, †KvbwU bvB| †m
†`wLj b`xi Aci cv‡i GKRb cÖvPxb f`ª‡jvK e„ÿ”Qvqvq
ewmqv wekªvg-myL Dc‡fvM Kwi‡Z‡Qb| Zuvnv‡K b`xcvi nBevi
Dcvq wRÁvmv Kwi‡j, wZwb Dc‡`k w`‡jb, Òb`xwU nuvwUqv cvi
nIqv hvq, Kvco wfwR‡e bv, AvwgI cvi nBqv AvwmqvwQÓ|
cw_K g‡b g‡b wPšÍv Kwi‡Z jvwMj;øÒGB e¨w³i K_v
wek¦vm‡hvM¨ wKbv? b`xi `yB w`‡Ki µwgK iv¯ÍvwU b`x Øviv
wew”Qbœ; b`xi Dfq ˆmK‡Z cw_KM‡Yi PjvP‡ji c_-wPý
iwnqv‡Q| f`ª‡jvK Avgv‡K wg_¨v ewjevi †Kvb KviY bvBÓ|
GBiƒ‡c wm×všÍ Kwiqv cw_K AMÖmi nBj Ges cÖwZ c`‡ÿ‡c
wUwcqv wUwcqv cixÿv Kwi‡Z Kwi‡Z Pwj‡Z jvwMj| cwi‡k‡l
wbivc‡` ci-cv‡i DËxY© nBj| f`ª‡jvKwUi Dc‡`k cw_K
AÜ-wek¦v‡m MÖnY K‡i bvB| h_v m¤¢e wePvi c~eŸ©K MÖnY
KwiqvB mveav‡b b`x cvi nB‡ZwQj| b`x cvi nBevi mgq

Zvnvi kª×vi Ae¯’v Ges AMÖm‡ii m‡½ m‡½ Zvnvi kª×v
DË‡ivËi ejeZx nB‡ZwQj| b`x DËx‡Y©i cieË©x Ae¯’v
kª×vZxZ;øZLb cw_K I f`ª‡jvK b`xi DËiYxqZv m¤^‡Ü
mgÁvbx| Ges DfqB DËxY©| ey‡×i Dc‡`k GBiƒ‡c MÖnYB
kª×vi KvR| GBiƒ‡c kª×ve‡j feb`x DËxY© nB‡Z nq|
2| ¯§„wZ (mwZ)tø hØviv Kzkj Avj¤^b ¯§iY Kiv hvq
ZvnvB Ò¯§„wZÓ| ¯§„wZ ewj‡Z mg¨K& ¯§„wZB eySvq| AKzkj welq
g‡b DVv Ò¯§„wZÓ b‡n, Zvnv AKzkj-wP‡ËvrcwË; `„wó| ¯§„wZ
wP‡Ëi Kzkj Ae¯’v‡K meŸ©`v RvMÖZ iv‡L| ¯§„wZ GBiƒ‡c
AKzkj Ae¯’v‡K Drcbœ nBevi AeKvk bv w`qv wPË‡K Kzk‡j
wbhy³ iv‡L| ÒKzkj-AcwiZ¨vMÓ Dnvi jÿY| ÒAwe¯§„Z
mZK©ZvÓ Bnvi K…Z¨| ¯§„wZ meŸ©wea Kzkj K‡¤§© we`¨gvb _v‡K|
KY©avi-nxb ZiYx I ¯§„wZ-nxb wPË GKB `yÏ©kvcbœ| wnZvwnZ
wbeŸ©vP‡bI ¯§„wZi ÿgZv Av‡Q| GBiƒc wbeŸ©vPb KwiqvB ¯§„wZ
wnZ‡K MÖnY I e×©b K‡i, Zvnv‡ZB AwnZ ew¾©Z nq| fMevb
ewjqv‡Qb,øÒmwZs L¦vÕns wfK&L‡e, meŸwÌKs e`vgxÕwZ| Ò†n
wfÿzMY, Avwg ¯§„wZ‡K meŸ©wea Kzkj-D‡Ïk¨-wmw×`vÎx ewjqv
_vwK; Bnv meŸ©wea Kzk‡j we`¨gvbÓ| kª×v, ¯§„wZ, GKvMÖZv I
cÖÁvi ¯^fve Avj¤^‡b wbgMœ nq| ÒAÌ-mvwjbxÓ e‡j,ø
Avj¤^‡b Afvmgvb A_©vr wbg¾b ¯§„wZi jÿY; Awe¯§„wZ
(cÖgv`-aŸsm) Bnvi K…Z¨; iÿY I Avj¤^bvwfgywLZv Bnvi
cwiYvg dj| Kvqv, †e`bv, msÁv-ms¯‹vi I wPË m¤^‡Ü ¯§„wZi
Abykxjb ¯§„wZ-MV‡bi Dcvq| Bnv Avj¤^‡b ¯Í‡¤¢i b¨vq `„pfv‡e
cÖwZwôZ _v‡K| Ges Pÿvw` Øvi‡K AKzkj nB‡Z iÿv-e¨vcv‡i
Ò†`ŠevwiK-m`„kÓ| Òm‡¤§vnÓ Bnvi cÖwZcÿ; ÒAcÖgv`Ó Bnvi
Ab¨ bvg|
3| n«x (wnix)tø Kvq-`yðwiZvw`‡Z-j¾v, N„YvB Òn«xÓ| AvÍ-

gh©¨v`v‡eva Bnvi KviY, GRb¨ Òn«xÓ wbR wPË nB‡Z Drcbœ
nq| ÒAR&SË mgyU&Vvbv wnix bvgÓ| Z‡×Zz n«x AvÍvwacwZ|
Kzjeay †hgb AvÍ-‡MŠie wg_¨vPvi‡K N„Yv K‡i, n«xgvb e¨w³I
†Zgwb AvÍ-‡MŠi‡e cvc‡K N„Yv K‡i| An«x Bnvi cÖwZcÿ|
4| AcÎcv (IËà)tø Kvq`yðwiZvw` cvc K‡¤§© fq,
DwØMœZvB AcÎcv| †jvK-wb›`v, `yM©wZ-fq, ivR-`Ð-fq
BZ¨vw` ewnR©M‡Zi AvwacZ¨B AcÎcvi KviY| GBiƒc Îv‡mi
Kvi‡Y cvc-e¾©b Bnvi K…Z¨| Òci Mvie e‡mb cvc‡Zv
DËvmb‡Zv †ewmhv weh IËàsÓ|
n«x Ges AcÎcv hvnvi Av‡Q, cvc e¾©‡bi Rb¨ Zvnvi Ab¨
mvnv‡hï Avek¨K K‡i bv| GB `yB Kzkj-g‡bve„wËB gvbyl‡K
BZi cÖvYx nB‡Z †kªô Kwiqv ivwLqv‡Q| Ges GB g‡bve„wËØq
cvc e¾©‡b eû kw³kvjx| GRb¨ GB `yB a¤§© †jvK cvjK|
5| A‡jvft- †jv‡fi cÖwZcÿ A‡jvf| Bnv Kzkj K‡¤§©i
†nZz; Ae¨vK…‡ZiI †nZz| Kzkj-K¤§©-d‡ji cÖwZ A‡jvfB
Ae¨vK…Z wPË, wb®‹vg wPË Drcbœ K‡i| †hB †jvf †fv‡M”Qvi
AvKv‡i, Avj¤^‡b jMœfv‡e wP‡Ë Drcbœ, †mB †jvf‡K we`~ixZ
Kwiqv, †jvfbxq †fvM-m¤ú`‡K cyixlivwki b¨vq cwiZ¨vM
Kwiqv, A‡jvf Drcbœ nq| cÙ-c‡Î evwi-we›`yi b¨vq Avj¤^‡b
wP‡Ëi ÒAjMœZvÓ jÿY GB A‡jvf| ÒAcwiMÖnYÓ Bnvi K…Z¨|
ÒZ…òv-ÿqÓ Bnvi cwiYwZ| A‡jvf `v‡bi †nZz| ˆb®Œvg¨,
Abwfa¨v weivM Bnvi Ab¨ bvg| †jvf Avj¤^‡b jMœ ¯^fve;
A‡jvf AjMœ ¯^fve; hvnv AjMœ ZvnvB gy³| myZivs A‡jvfB
gyw³|
6| A‡Øl (A‡`vm)tø †Ø‡li cÖwZcÿ A‡Øl| Bnvi jÿY

APÐZv, AK‡VviZv, AbyK‚j wg‡Îi b¨vq| AwnZKi Avj¤^‡bi
cÖwZ †h †Øl Drcbœ nq, †mB †Øl‡K we`~wiZ Kwiqv c~Y© P‡›`ªi
†mŠg¨ fve Drcv`b Bnvi K…Z¨| BnvB ÒAe¨vcv`-avZzÓ|
A‡Ø‡li ¯^fve P›`b-cÖ‡j‡ci b¨vq kvwšÍKi| A‡Øl
mwµq,øBnvB Ò†gËvÓø‰gÎx ev wnZ-Kvgbv| ÒAwnsmvÓ Bnvi
Aci bvg| ÒA‡gvnÓ fvebvi †nZz; ÒA‡jvfÓ `v‡bi †nZz Ges
A‡Øl kx‡ji †nZz| Òm‡eŸ mËv feš‘ mywLZvÕËvÓ ˆgÎx ev A‡Øl
Abykxj‡bi gš¿| A‡Øl hvnvi cÖwZ †cvlY Kiv hvq, Zvnvi
cÖvY-ea Kwievi, m¤úwË niY Kwievi, e¨wfPvi mg_©b Kwievi
Ges Zvnvi m‡½ wg_¨v, ciæl, wcïb evK¨vw` eënvi Kwievi
iwZ _vwK‡Z cv‡i bv| AvÍ-wnZvwfjvlx I wbR‡K cvcwjß
†`wL‡Z B”Qv K‡i bv| GBiƒ‡c A‡Øl kx‡ji KviY nBqv
_v‡K| †Øl †hgb gnvcvc, A‡Øl †Zgb gnvcyY¨ Ges Kzk‡ji
Ab¨Zg †nZz|
7| ZÎga¨¯’Zv (ZÎgR&SËZv)tø wP‡Ëi ÒjxbÓ I
ÒJ×Z¨Ó `yB welg Ae¯’vi ga¨¯’ Ae¯’vB ZÎga¨¯’Zv| GBiƒ‡c
wPË-‰PZwm‡Ki mgZv-iÿv Bnvi K…Z¨| wbi‡cÿZv Bnvi
jÿY| wPË-‰PZwm‡Ki cÖwZ wbi‡cÿZv‡K, kKUve× mywkwÿZ
Ak¦Ø‡qi cÖwZ mviw_i mg`wk©Zvi b¨vq `ªóe¨| kvixwiK
(øvqweK) myL-`ytL-nxb Abyf‚wZ‡K ÒA`ytL-AmyL-‡e`bvÓ Ges
gvbwmK myL-`ytL nxb †e`bv‡K ÒD‡cÿvÓ ejv nq| GB
†kvfb-‰PZwmK ZÎga¨¯’vZv‡KI ÒD‡cÿvÓ ejv nq| wKš‘ GB
ÒZÎga¨¯’ZvÓ †e`bv b‡n, Bnv meŸ© Kzkj-wPË-mvaviY †kvfb
ˆPZwmK| †e`bv wb‡R KzkjvKzkj ew¾©Z wecvK; GB
ÒZÎga¨¯’ZvÓ Kzkj ˆPZwmK,ø Bnv †eva¨‡½i ÒD‡cÿvÓ,
eªþ-wenv‡ii D‡cÿv, ms¯‹v‡iv‡cÿv| Bnv ÁvbR, †e`bvR
b‡n| GB ÁvbR D‡cÿv KvgveP‡ii Kzkj, m‡nZzK wµqv I

Kzkj-wecvK wP‡Ë we`¨gvb| wKš‘ †e`bvR D‡cÿv GZØ¨ZxZ
AKzkj wP‡ËI we`¨gvb| myZivs ÁvbR D‡cÿv I †e`bvR
D‡cÿv GKB wP‡Ë we`¨gvb _vwK‡Z cv‡i| wKš‘ Awfa‡¤§©
†e`bvR D‡cÿv Abymv‡iB wPË-wefvM Kiv nBqv‡Q|
8| Kvq-cÖkªw×, 9| wPË-cÖkªwä (cm&mw×)tø ÒKvqÓ GLv‡b
bvg-Kvq, A_©vr †e`bv, msÁv I ms¯‹vi| ÒwPËÓ A_© Kzkj-
wPË| cÖkªwä A_© cÖkvwšÍ| BnvøÒJ×Z¨-‡KŠK…‡ZïÓ cÖwZcÿ
Ges mß †eva¨‡½i Ab¨Zg A½| hvnvi Kvq-cÖkªwä I wPË-
cÖkªwä `yeŸ©j, Zvnvi Kzkj K‡¤§© wPË-myL jvf nq bv| ¯’‡j
D×…Z gr‡mï b¨vq Zvnvi wPË D‡ØM-m¼zj nq| wKš‘ hvnvi Bnv
cÖej Zvnvi wPË kxZj-mwj‡j wbwÿß gr‡mï b¨vq, myL I
kvwšÍ jvf K‡i; Kzkj-K‡¤§© wPË-myL R‡b¥|
10| Kvq-jNyZv; 11| wPË-jNyZv (jûZv)tø †e`bv, msÁv
I ms¯‹v‡ii kxNª kxNª cwieË©bkxjZvB ÒKvq-jNyZv| Kzkj-
wP‡Ëi kxNª kxNª cwieË©bkxjZv (Avj¤^b MÖnY-ÿgZv) wPË-
jNyZv; hvnvi Bnv `yeŸ©j, cyY¨K‡¤§© Zvnvi wPË cÖmvwiZ nq bv,
m¼zwPZ nBqv _v‡K; Zß-cvlv‡Y cÖwÿß c‡Ùi b¨vq mimZvnxb
nq| wKš‘ huvnvi Bnv ejeZx Zuvnvi wPË cyY¨K‡¤§© we`y¨‡Ø‡M
cÖmvwiZ nq; kxZj R‡j cÖwÿß c‡Ùi b¨vq cÖdzjø I mim
_v‡K| Ò¯Í¨vb-wg×Ó Bnvi cÖwZcÿ|
12| Kvq-g„`yZv; 13| wPË-g„`yZv (gy`yZv)tø g„`y A_©
†Kvgj| g„`yi fve g„`yZv ev †KvgjZv| hvnvi Kvq-g„`yZv, wPË-
g„`yZv `yeŸ©j, Zvnvi wPË cyY¨K‡¤§© Zb¥q nB‡Z cv‡i bv;økÎæ-
n‡¯Í ew›`K…Z †hv×vi gvbwmK Ae¯’v cÖvß nq| wPË †hb
cÖ¯iÍ xf‚Z nq| wKš‘ huvnvi Bnv cÖej, Zuvnvi wPË cyY¨K¤§©
m¤úv`‡b wcÖq ÁvwZ-cwi‡ewóZ †hv×vi wP‡Ëi b¨vq g„`yj I

Zb¥q nq| ÒgvbÓ, Ò`„wóÓ Bnvi cÖwZcÿ| KviY GB †K¬kØq
wP‡Ëi K‡VviZv m¤úv`‡b Lye cUz|
14| Kvq-K¤§©Y¨Zv; 15| wPË-K¤§©Y¨Zv- (K¤§T&TZv)tø
ÒK¤§©Ó GLv‡b Kzkj-K¤§©| K¤§©Y¨Zv=Kzkj K¤§© m¤úv`‡b
†hvM¨Zv| hvnvi Bnv `yeŸ©j, †m Kzkj K‡¤§© wPË‡K h‡_”Qv
wbhy³ Kwi‡Z cv‡i bv, cÖwZev‡Z wbwÿß Zzlivwki b¨vq weKxY©
nBqv hvq| wKš‘ hvnviv Bnv mej, wZwb wPË‡K cyY¨ K‡¤§©
h‡_”Qv wbhy³ Kwi‡Z cv‡ib; wPË weKxY© nq bv; eis cÖwZev‡Z
wbwÿß myeY©-L‡Ði b¨vq h‡_”Qv ¯’vwcZ nq| `vb-kxj-fvebvw`
Kzkj K‡¤§© wP‡Ëi K¤§©-kw³ aŸsm-Kvix cÂ-bxeiY Bnvi
cÖwZcÿ|
16| Kvq-cÖ¸YZv, 17| wPË-cÖ¸YZv- (cv¸T&TZv)tø
cÖ¸Y A_© `ÿ, wbcyY| cÖ¸‡Yi fve cÖ¸YZv, A_©vr wPË-
‰PZwm‡Ki mgwófv‡e I e¨wófv‡e Kzkj Kg© m¤úv`‡bi
wbcyYZv, `ÿZv, AwfÁZv| hvnvi Bnv `yeŸ©j Zvnvi wPË
cyY¨K¤§© m¤úv`‡b Kw¤úZ nq, AvnZ nq A¯^v”Q›`¨ †eva
K‡i;- Mfxi R‡j wbwÿß e¨w³i b¨vq| huvnvi Bnv cÖej,
Zuvnvi wPË cyY¨K¤§© m¤úv`‡b Kw¤úZ nq bv, w¯’i _v‡K, AvnZ
nq bv, ¯^”Q›` _v‡K; Mfxi R‡j wbwÿß RjP‡ii b¨vq|
Akª×vw` Bnvi cÖwZcÿ|
18| Kvq-FRyZv, 19| wPË-FRyZv (D¾yKZv)tø FRyi
fve FRyZv, mijZv| hvnvi Bnv `yeŸ©j †m cyY¨-K¤§© m¤úv`‡b
wemgMwZ cÖvß nq| KLb jxb, KLb D×Z, KLb AebZ, KLb
DbœZ, myivcv‡bvb¥Ë e¨w³i c_-Mg‡bi b¨vq wPË Aw¯’i MwZ
cÖvß nq| huvnvi Bnv cÖej wZwb mgfv‡e, mywbwÏ©ó wbq‡g `vb-
kxj-fvebvw` Kzkj-K¤§© m¤úv`b Kwi‡Z cv‡ib| gvqv, kvV¨

Bnvi cÖwZcÿ|
kª×vw` Ewbk cÖKvi †kvfb-‰PZwmK EblwÆ †kvfb wP‡Ë
mshy³ nq| GB Rb¨ Bnviv †kvfb-mvaviY ˆPZwmK|
(O) wZb cÖKvi weiwZ ˆPZwmK|
(1) mg¨K& evK¨ (m¤§evPv)tø wg_¨v ev‡K¨ weiwZ, wcïb
ev‡K¨ weiwZ, ciæl ev‡K¨ weiwZ, m¤úÖjvc ev‡K¨ weiwZ,øGB
PZzwe©a evK&-`yðvwi‡Î¨ wP‡Ëi weiwZ ev Abvmw³B mg¨K& evK¨,
myfvwlZ evK¨| A_©vr mZ¨-ev‡K¨, wgjbvÍK ev‡K¨, gayi ev‡K¨ I
wnZ-a¤§© ev‡K¨ iwZ|
(2) mg¨K& K¤§© (m¤§vK¤§všÍ)tø cÖvwYe‡a weiwZ, A`Ë MÖn‡Y
weiwZ, e¨wfPv‡i weiwZ, GB wÎwea Kvq-`yðvwi‡Î¨ wP‡Ëi
Abvmw³B mg¨K& K¤§©| `qv-K‡¤§©, `vb-K‡¤§© I eªþP‡h©¨ iwZ|
(3) mg¨K AvRxe (m¤§vRxe)tø wg_¨v-RxweKvq Abvmw³
mg¨K&-AvRxe| Bnv RxweKv¾©‡bi Rb¨ evK& ev Kvq-`yðwi‡Z
weiwZ| `yðwi‡Zi cÖwZ wP‡Ëi wegyLxfve ev Awb”Qv nB‡ZB
wP‡Ë ÒweiwZÓ Drcbœ nq| `yðwiZvbyhvqx Kvh©¨ m¤úv`‡bi
my‡hvM cvBqvI- kª×v, n«x, AcÎcvi Abye‡j †mB `yðwi‡Zi
cÖwZ †h weiwZ Drcbœ nq, Zvnv Òm¤úÖvß weiwZÓ| BnvB GLv‡b
DwÏó| ïay eË©gvb Kvjxq Avj¤^b m¤^‡ÜB GB weiwZ Drcbœ
nq| kxj-MÖnY-Kvi‡Y `yðwi‡Z †h weiwZ, Zvnv Òmgv`vb
weiwZÓ| Bnvi Avj¤^b eË©gvb I fwel¨r Kvjxq| wbibykq
wP‡Ëi †h `yðwi‡Z weiwZ, Zvnv Òmgy‡”Q`-weiwZÓ| Bnv
†jv‡KvËi wP‡ËB m¤¢e| Bnv wbeŸ©vYvj¤^b m¤¢‚Z| †jvKxq-
weiwZi Avj¤^b wKš‘ weiwZ-‡hvM¨ e¯‘| †hgb cÖvwY-e‡a weiZ
wP‡Ë Avj¤^b ÒRxwe‡Zw›`ªqÓ|
(P) `yB cÖKvi AcÖ‡gq ˆPZwmKt-

1| KiæYvt- c‡ii `ytL Ac‡bv`‡bi B”Qvi bvg KiæYv|
`ytLvwff‚‡Zi wbivkªq fve `k©b KiæYv DrcwËi KviY|
wewnsmvi (wbôziZvi) Dckg-mvab KiæYvi K…Z¨| c‡ii-`ytL-
AmnbZv KiæYvi ¯^fve| gvrmh©¨ Bnvi cÖwZcÿ| ci-`yt‡L
ü`q Kw¤úZ Kwiqv †`q ewjqv ÒAbyK¤úvÓ Bnvi Ab¨ bvg|
Òm‡eŸ mËv meŸ-`yK&Lv cgy”Pš‘Ó, BnvB KiæYvi fvebvi gš¿|
KiæYvi Avj¤^b c‡ii Ò`ytLÓ| gvrmh©¨ wPË‡K m¼zwPZ Kwiqv
AvwgZ¡gq K‡i| KiæYv wPË‡K cÖmvwiZ Kwiqv AvwgZ¡nxb K‡i|
gvrm‡h©ï n«vm-e„w×i Abycv‡Z KiæYvi e„w×-n«vm nq|
2| gyw`Zvt- c‡ii kªx, m¤ú`, hkt, jvf, Hk¦h¨© BZ¨vw`
†mŠfvM¨ `k©‡b wbR wP‡Ëi Avb›`B Ògyw`ZvÓ| A‡bï m¤ú`
Aby‡gv`b gyw`Zvi jÿY| Cl©¨vi aŸsm-mvab Bnvi K…Z¨|
Òm‡eŸ mËv h_v-jäv m¤úwË‡Zv gv weM”Qš‘Ó gyw`Zvi fvebvi
gš¿| gyw`Zvi Avj¤^b c‡ii Òm¤ú`Ó| gyw`Zvi e„w×-n«v‡mi
Abycv‡Z Cl©¨vi n«vm-e„w× nq| ÒCl©¨vÓ ivÿmx; Ògyw`ZvÓ †èx|
KiæYv I gyw`Zvi Avj¤^b h_vµ‡g m‡Ë¡i Ò`ytLÓ I
Òm¤ú`Ó| mË¡-msL¨v AcÖ‡gq ewjqv BnvivI AcÖ‡gq-‰PZwmK|
A‡Øl ev ˆgÎx, ZÎga¨¯’Zv ev D‡cÿv mn KiæYv I gyw`Zv
m¤^Üxq fvebvi bvg Òeªþ-wenvi-fvebvÓ ev DrK…ó Rxeb-
hvcb|
(Q) GK cÖKvi cÖ‡Áw›`ªq ˆPZwmK|
1| cÖ‡Áw›`ªq (cwTw›`ªq)tø Avj¤^‡bi h_v_© ¯^fve m¤^‡Ü
ÁvbB cÖÁv| cÖRvbb (cvigvw_©K fv‡e Rvbb) Bnvi jÿY|
cÖÁv hLb †gvn‡K civwRZ Kwiqv Avj¤^‡bi h_v_© ¯^fve
DÑvwUZ Kwievi Dc‡hvMx kw³ aviY K‡i, ZLb Bnv
cÖ‡Áw›`ªq| AwacwZ A‡_© Bw›`ªq ejv nBqv‡Q| cÖÁv †gv‡niB

cÖwZcÿ| [‡gvn-‰PZwmK `ªóe¨]| ÒmsÁvÓ, ÒweÁvbÓ, ÒcÖÁvÓ-
ÒÁvÓ avZz wb®úbœ kã| ïay DcmM© †hv‡M Avj¤^b m¤^‡Ü Áv‡bi
µ‡gvbœZ ¯Í‡ii bvgKiY nBqv‡Q gvÎ| msÁv m¤^‡Ü 65-66
c„ôvq Av‡jvwPZ nBqv‡Q| ÒweÁvbÓ Avj¤^‡bi AwbZ¨-jÿYI
†f` Kwi‡Z cv‡i| wKš‘ †jv‡KvËi gvM© cvB‡Z cv‡i bv| cÖÁv
wKš‘ msÁv I weÁv‡bi Kvh©¨ mn †jv‡KvËi-gvM©-Áv‡bi
AwaKvix| GB cÖÁv Aóvw½K gv‡M© Òmg¨K& `„wóÓ †eva¨‡½ Òa¤§©-
wePviÓ, Kzkj-g~‡j ÒA‡gvnÓ, fvebv-K‡¤§© Òm¤úÖÁvbÓ,
mgvwa‡Z Òwe`k©bÓ, Fw×cv‡` ÒgxgvsmvÓ, cÖZxZ¨-mgyrcv`-
a‡¤§© Awe`¨vi cÖwZcÿ Òwe`¨vÓ| ÒcÖÁvÓ Avj¤^‡bi h_v_© ¯^fve
I Ah_v_© ¯^fve †f` K‡i| Ò¯§„wZÓ †mB Ah_v_© ¯^fve
cwiZ¨vM Kwiqv h_v_© ¯^fve MÖnY I iÿv K‡i| ÒcÖÁvÓ welqwU
cÖKvwkZ K‡i; Ò¯§„wZÓ H cÖKvwkZ welqwU‡K †`Ševwi‡Ki b¨vq
cvnviv †`q Ges ¯Í‡¤¢i cÖvq Dnv‡Z †cÖvw_Z _v‡K| ÒcÖÁvÓ c_
wb‡Ï©k K‡i, Ò¯§„wZÓ wPË‡K †mB c‡_ w¯’Z iv‡L| ÒcÖÁvÓ e‡j
Ò†Kkvw` AïwPÓ, ¯§„wZ e‡j Ò ZvB Z! AïwPB ZÓ! Ges GB
Áv‡b wPË‡K ey‡×vc‡`‡ki cÖwZ bwgZ K‡i| ÒcÖÁvÓ wPË‡K
wbeŸ©vY-c_ D™¢vwmZ Kwiqv cÖ`k©b K‡i| Ò¯§„wZÓ wPË‡K c_-
åsk nB‡Z iÿv K‡i I AMÖmi Kivq; ÒGKvMÖZvÓ wPË‡K †mB
GKB j‡ÿ¨ wbweó iv‡L| Òexh©¨Ó wKš‘ Zvnv‡ì cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki g‡a¨
kw³-mÂvi K‡i|
A‡jvf, A‡Øl, A‡gvn Kzk‡ji g~j| ÒAÌmvwjbx‡ZÓ
AvPvh©¨ ey×-‡Nvl ewjqv‡Qbtø A‡jvf gvrmh©¨-g‡ji, A‡Øl
`ytkxjZvi Ges A‡gvn Kzkj-wPË-Abbykxj‡bi cÖwZcÿ|
A‡jvf `v‡bi †nZz, A‡Øl kx‡ji †nZz, A‡gvn fvebvi †nZz|
A‡jv‡fi Øviv AbwaK MÖnY, A‡Øl Øviv cÿcvZ e¾©b Ges
A‡gvn Øviv AwecixZ `k©b nBqv _v‡K| A‡jvf we`¨gvb

†`vl‡K †`vl ewjqv ¯^xKvi K‡i, A‡Øl we`¨gvb ¸Y‡K ¸Y
ewjqv cÖPvi K‡i, A‡gvn h_vh_ ¯^fv‡K h_vh_ fv‡e ey‡S,
MÖnY K‡i I e¨³ K‡i| A‡jv‡fi wcÖq-we‡”Q`-`ytL, A‡Ø‡li
AwcÖq-mgvMg-`ytL, A‡gv‡ni B”Qv-weNvZ-`ytL R‡b¥ bv|
A‡jv‡fi Rb¥-`ytL, A‡Ø‡li Riv-`ytL, Ges A‡gv‡ni giY-
`ytL Abyf‚Z nq bv| A‡jvf M„n¯’ Rxeb‡K, A‡gvn cÖeªwRZ
Rxeb‡K Ges A‡Øl Dfq Rxeb‡K myLgq K‡i| we‡klZt
A‡jvf †cÖZ-‡jv‡K, A‡gvn wbiq-‡jv‡K Ges A‡Øl wZh©¨K-
‡hvwb‡Z DrcwË eviY K‡i| A‡jvf Avm½-wjávq, A‡Øl †f`-
‡Póvq Ges A‡gvn AÁvbR D‡cÿvq evav cÖ`vb K‡i| GB
ˆPZwmKÎq h_vµ‡g ˆb®Œvg¨-Ávb, Ae¨vc`-Ávb I Awewnsmv-
Ávb| AviI ewj‡Z †M‡j µ‡g ÒAïwP ÁvbÓ, ÒAcÖ‡gq ÁvbÓ
I ÒavZzÓ (h_v-¯^fve) Ávb| A‡jvf-Kvg-myL-e¾©b, A‡Øl
K…”Q«-mvabv e¾©b, A‡gvn ga¨-c_vbymiY| A‡jvf ¯^M© †jv‡Ki,
A‡Øl eªþ-‡jv‡Ki Ges A‡gvn Avh©¨-Rxe‡bi cÖZ¨q| A‡jvf
AwbZ¨-Áv‡bi mwnZ, A‡Øl `ytL-Áv‡bi mwnZ Ges A‡gvn
AbvÍ-Áv‡bi mwnZ IZ‡cÖvZ fv‡e RwoZ|
evqvbœ cÖKvi ˆPZwmK cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki ms‡ÿcv_© eY©bvq BnvI
e³e¨ †h, huvnviv wPË-‰PZwmK m¤^‡Ü wKqr cwigv‡YI Ávbv¾©b
Kwi‡eb, Zuvnv‡ì c‡ÿ ˆPZwm‡Ki Òm¤úÖ‡qvMÓ I ÒmsMÖnÓ
eySv KwVb nB‡e bv| cv`-UxKvq A‡cÿvK…Z `yiƒn Ask¸wj
e¨vL¨vZ nBqv‡Q|
ˆPZwmK msMÖ‡ni ms‡ÿcv_© eY©b mgvß|
ˆPZwmK m¤^‡Ü Abykxjbx|

1| ˆPZwmK ewj‡Z wK eyS? wP‡Ëi mwnZ Bnvi cv_©K¨ wK?
Df‡qi jÿY ej|
2| ˆPZwm‡Ki †kªYx-fvM eY©b Ki Ges Giƒc wefv‡Mi
mv_©KZv wK? ÒmeŸ©wPË-mvaviYÓ I ÒcÖKxY©Ó ˆPZwm‡Ki mv`„k¨
I Amv`„k¨ wK? ÒAb¨-mgvbÓ ˆPZwmK ewj‡Z wK eyS?
3| meŸ© AKzkj mvaviY ˆPZwmK¸wji bvg Ki|Ò†jvf-
wÎKÓ I Ò†Øl-PZzóqÓ ewj‡Z wK eyS?
4| Avj¤^‡b wbg¾b-¯^fve ˆPZwmK¸wji bvg ej I
cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki m¤^‡Ü hvnv Rvb ej| A‡jvf, A‡Øl A‡gv‡ni K…Z¨
eY©b Ki|
5| msÁv, weÁvb I cÖÁvi welq wK Rvb? †PZbv, gb¯‹vi I
weZ‡K©i Zzjbvg~jK mgv‡jvPbv Ki| J×Z¨, wewPwKrmv I
†KŠK…‡Zï êwkó¨ wK? Zzjbvg~jK Av‡jvPbv Ki|
6| cÖxwZ I †mŠgbm¨, †jvf I Q‡›`, `„wó I gv‡b, Cl©¨v I
gvrm‡h©¨, KiæYv I gyw`Zvq, †jv‡f I †Ø‡l, n«x I AcÎcvq,
†gvn I cÖÁvq, cÖÁvq I ¯§„wZ‡Z cv_©K¨ wK? Ges wbR wP‡Ë
Zvnv‡ì wµqv m¤^‡Ü ¯§„wZgvb _vK I eywS‡Z hZœevb nI|
7| jNyZv I g„`yZvq cv_©K¨ wK? Bnv‡ì cÖwZcÿ wK?
†jvK-cvjK ˆPZwmK wK wK? Ges Zvnviv †jvK-cvjK †Kb?
8| cÖ‡Z¨K ˆPZwm‡Ki jÿY, K…Z¨, ¯^fve, c`¯’vb,
cÖZz¨c¯’vb m¤^‡Ü GKwU ZvwjKv cÖ¯Z ‘ Ki Ges cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki
cÖwZcÿ D‡jøL Ki|
9| ˆPZwm‡Ki m¤úÖ‡qvM I msMÖn ewj‡Z wK eyS? wbqZ I
AwbqZ ˆPZwmK ewj‡Z wK eySvq? AwbqZ ˆPZwmK¸wji bvg
Ki| wbqZ ˆPZwm‡Ki msL¨v KZ? †Øl wP‡Ëi AwbqZ ˆPZwmK

wK wK?
10| weiwZ ˆPZwm‡Ki m¤úÖ‡qvM I msMÖn eY©b Ki| weiwZ
KZ cÖKvi I wK wK?
11| AcÖ‡gq ewj‡Z wK eyS? AcÖ‡gq ˆPZwmK KZwU Ges
wK wK? Zvnv‡ì m¤úÖ‡qvM I msMÖn eY©b Ki| Òeªþ-wenviÓ
ewj‡Z wK eyS? ÒcÖZ¨n AšÍZt wZbevi wPË-FRyZvi mwnZ GB
fvebv Abykxjb Kiv DwPZÓ| Bnvi mg_©‡b hyw³ cÖ`k©b Ki|
12| wecvK-wP‡Ë weiwZ I AcÖ‡gq ˆPZwmK we`¨gvb bvB
†Kb? gn˜MZ wP‡Ë weiwZ ˆPZwm‡Ki Awe`¨gvbZvi KviY wK?
13| †jvKxq weiwZ I †jv‡KvËi weiwZi cv_©K¨ wK?
†jvKxq weiwZi Avj¤^b¸wji G‡K G‡K D‡jøL Ki|
14| A‡nZzK wP‡Ëi ˆPZwmK msMÖn Kqfv‡M wef³?
Zvnv‡ì ˆPZwmK msMÖn eY©b Ki|
15| KvgvePi †kvfb wP‡Ëi Øv`k cÖKvi msMÖn wKiƒ‡c
MwYZ nBqv‡Q? Zvnv‡ì ˆPZwmK msMÖn eY©b Ki|
16| KvgvePi m‡nZzK wµqvwPË weiwZ-ew¾©Z †Kb?
17| AKzkj wPË‡K ˆPZwmK msMÖ‡ni Rb¨ Kqfv‡M I wK
fv‡e fvM Kiv nBqv‡Q? cÖ‡Z¨K fv‡Mi ˆPZwmK msMÖn cÖ`k©b
Ki|
18| †jv‡KvËi I gn˜MZ wP‡Ëi ˆPZwmK msMÖn m¤^‡Ü hvnv
Rvb wjL|
19| AKzkj ˆPZwm‡Ki m¤úÖ‡qvM I †kvfb ˆPZwm‡Ki
m¤úÖ‡qvM eY©b Ki Ges Zvnv‡ì ¯§viK-Mv_v Ave„wË Ki|
20| ew¾©Z ˆPZwmK-msMÖ‡ni I wewkó ˆPZwmK msMÖ‡ni
¯§viK-Mv_v Øq Ave„wË Ki Ges eySvBqv `vI|
21| ˆPZwm‡Ki GBiƒc †kªYxfvM, m¤úÖ‡qvM I msMÖ‡ni Øviv

wK DcKvi?
22| ÒCl©¨vi AaxbZvq Rxeb hvcbÓ I Ògyw`Zvi Abykxj‡b
wPË-MVbÓ GB `yB e¨vcv‡i †Kvb&wU ex‡ii KvR? †Kb?
23| gvrm‡h©ï †meK I KiæYvi †me‡Ki g‡a¨ †K AwaK
kw³kvjx? Awfg‡Zi ¯^c‡ÿ hyw³ `vI|
24| a¤§©c` ev Ab¨vb¨ m~Î nB‡Z cÖ‡Z¨K wPË-‰PZwm‡Ki
mgvšÍivjevK¨ msMÖn Ki Ges KÉ¯’ Ki|
Z…Zxq cwi‡”Q`|
cÖKxY© msMÖn|
1| m~Pbv-Mv_v- wZàvbœ ¯^fve mn wPË-‰PZwmK,
h_v‡hvM¨ m¤úÖ‡qvM n‡q‡Q ewY©Z|
†e`bv I †nZz, K…Z¨, Øvi, Avj¤^b,
ev¯‘i msMÖn G‡e Kwie eY©b
wP‡Ëi DrcwË †f‡`, †hBwU †hgb|
2| wP‡Ëi †e`bv-msMÖn|
†e`bv wÎweatø myL †e`bv, `ytL †e`bv, A`ytL-AmyL
†e`bv| A_ev, cybivq, Bnv‡K (KvwqK I gvbwmK Abymv‡i)
cuvP fv‡M fvM Kiv hvqtø myL, `ytL, †mŠgbm¨, †`Š¤§©bm¨,
D‡cÿv| Zb¥‡a¨ GKgvÎ (c~eŸ©Rb¥-K…Z) Kzkj-wecvK Kvq-
weÁvb myL-mnMZ; †mBiƒc GKgvÎ (c~eŸ©Rb¥-K…Z¨) AKzkj-
wecvK Kvq-weÁvbB `ytL mnMZ| wÎwea gvbwmK †e`bvi g‡a¨-
(1) †mŠgbm¨, mnMZ wP‡Ëi msL¨v meŸ©ï× evlwÆ| h_vø
†jvf-g~jK †mŠgbm¨ mnMZ wPË Pvwi, Øv`k KvgvePi †kvfb-
wPË, myL mšÍxiY wecvK-wPË GK, nwm‡Zvrcv` wµqv wPË GK,
GKz‡b AvVvi †mŠgbm¨ mnMZ KvgvePi wPË| gn˜MZ I

†jv‡KvËi a¨vb-wP‡Ëi g‡a¨ cÖ_g, wØZxq, Z…Zxq I PZz_© a¨v‡bi
Pzqvwjøk wPË †mŠgbm¨ mnMZ| meŸ©ï× evlwÆ wPË|
(2) ïay `yB cÖKvi cÖwZN-m¤úÖhy³ wPË wKš‘ †`Š¤§©bm¨
mnMZ|
(3) Aewkó cÂvbœ wPË D‡cÿv mnMZ|
3| ¯§viK-Mv_v- myL, `ytL I D‡cÿv †e`bv wÎweav;
†mŠgbm¨, †`Š¤§©bm¨ mwnZ cÂav|
myL G‡K, `ytL Z_v; `y¤§©bt `yÕg‡b,
evlwÆ‡Z †mŠgbm¨, D‡cÿv cÂv‡bœ|
4| wP‡Ëi †nZz-msMÖn|
†nZz msMÖ‡n, †nZz Qq cÖKvi- †jvf, †Øl, †gvn, A‡jvf,
A‡Øl, A‡gvn|
cÂØviveË©b wPË, wØcÂ-weÁvb, m¤úÖZx”Q, mšÍxiY,
eë¯’vcb Ges nwm‡Zvrcv`-GB AvVvi wPË A‡nZzK| [A_©vr
D³ Qq †nZzi †Kvb †nZz Øviv Bnviv Avj¤^‡b cÖwZwôZ nq bv]|
Aewkó 71 GKvËi wPË m‡nZzK| [A_©vr D³ Qq †nZzi g‡a¨
†Kvb GK ev Z‡ZvwaK †nZz Øviv Bnviv Avj¤^‡b cÖwZwôZ nq]|
Zb¥‡a¨ †gvng~jK wPËØq GK †nZzK| evKx `k AKzkj wPË,
Øv`k KvgvePi †kvfb-wPË, GB evBk cÖKvi wPË wØ‡nZzK| evi
cÖKvi Ávbm¤úÖhy³ KvgvePi †kvfb-wPË Ges cuqwÎk cÖKvi
gn˜MZ †jv‡KvËi wPË, GB mvZPwjøk wPË wÎ‡nZzK|
5| ¯§viK-Mv_v- †jvf, †Øl, Avi †gvn AKzkj †nZz h_v,

A‡jvf, A‡Ølv‡gvn Kzkjve¨vK…Z Z_v|
A‡nZzK Aó`k, GK †nZzK wØ,
wØ‡nZzK ØvweskwZ, mvZPwjøk wÎ|
6| wP‡Ëi K…Z¨-msMÖn|
K…Z¨-msMÖ‡n wP‡Ëi K…Z¨ ev Kvh©¨ †PŠÏ cÖKvi, h_vø
(1) cÖwZmwÜ (cwUmwÜ); (2) fev½ (fe½); (3) AveË©b
(Ave¾b); (4) `k©b (`m&mb); (5) kªeY (meY); (6) NªvY
(Nvhb); (7) Av¯^v`b (mvhb); (8) ¯úk© (dzmb); (9)
m¤úÖZx”Q (m¤úwU”Qb); (10) mšÍxiY (mšÍxiY); (11) eë¯’vcb
(†evÌcb); (12) Reb (Reb); (13) Z`vj¤^b (Z`vi¤§Y);
(14) Pz¨wZ (PzwZ);
wKš‘ hw` wP‡Ëi GB †PŠÏ cÖKvi Kvh©¨‡K Ò¯’vbÓ Abymv‡i
†kªYx-fvM Kiv hvq, Z‡e Zvnviv ¯’vb‡f‡` `k cÖKvi nBqv
c‡o|1
[K…Z¨ Abymv‡i wP‡Ëi †kªYx-fvM Kwi‡j †`Lv hvq]
(1) Ewbk cÖKvi wPË, cÖwZmwÜ, fev½ I Pz¨wZ K…Z¨ m¤úv`b
K‡i| h_vø (K) `yB D‡cÿv mnMZ mšÍxiY wPË; (L) Aó
gnvwecvK wPË; (M) bq cÖKvi iƒcviƒc wecvK wPË|
(2) wØwea wPË AveË©b-K…Z¨ m¤úv`b K‡i|
(3) †mBiƒc wØwea wPË `k©b, kªeY, NªvY, Av¯^v`b, ¯úk© I
m¤úÖZx”Q-K…Z¨ m¤úv`b K‡i|
1
ÒK…Z¨Ó Ges Ò¯’v‡biÓ g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ ïay P¶vw` cÂ-Bw›`ªq‡K jBqv; cÂ-
weÁvb wPË wnmv‡e GKB cÖKvi, ïay P¶vw` wnmv‡e cÂwea| †kªYx wnmv‡e GK
†kªYxq| †hgb Ny‡Ui Av¸b, Zz‡li Av¸b, Kv‡Vi Av¸b, Av¸b wnmv‡e GK
†kªYxi| wKš‘ Zzlvw` wnmv‡e bvbvwea|
(4) wÎwea wPË mšÍxiY-K…Z¨ m¤úv`b K‡i| g‡bvØviveË©b1

GKvKxB cÂ Øv‡i eë¯’vcb-K…Z¨ m¤úv`b K‡i|
(5) AveË©bØq-ew¾©Z cÂvbœ cÖKvi KzkjvKzkj-dj-wµqv-
wPË Reb-K…Z¨ m¤úv`b K‡i|
(6) Aó gnvwecvK wPË Ges mšÍxiYÎq-GB GMvi wPË
Z`vj¤^b-K…Z¨ m¤úv`b K‡i|
[GK †kªYxi wPË GK ev Z‡ZvwaK K…Z¨ m¤úv`b Kwi‡Z cv‡i]
†mB K…Z¨-Kvix I ¯’vb¯’ wP‡Ëi g‡a¨ø
(1) `yB D‡cÿv-mnMZ-mšÍxiY wPË cÖwZmwÜ, fev½ Pz¨wZ,
Z`vj¤^b I mšÍxiY, GB cÂ K…Z¨ m¤úv`b Kwi‡Z cv‡i|
(2) AvU cÖKvi gnvwecvK wPË cÖwZmwÜ, fev½, Pz¨wZ,
Z`vj¤^b GB Pvwi cÖKvi K…Z¨ m¤úv`b Kwi‡Z cv‡i|
(3) bq cÖKvi gn˜MZ wecvK cÖwZmwÜ, fev½, Pz¨wZ GB
wZb cÖKvi K…Z¨ m¤úv`b Kwi‡Z cv‡i|
(4) †mŠgbm¨ mšÍxiY, mšÍxiY I Z`vj¤^b GB `yB K…Z¨
m¤úv`b Kwi‡Z cv‡i| eë¯’vcb wPË †mBiƒc eë¯’vcb I
AveË©b GB `yB K…Z¨ m¤úv`b Kwi‡Z cv‡i|
(5) Aewkó wPË¸wji g‡a¨ cÂvbœ Reb-wPË g‡bvavZzÎq
Ges `k cÖKvi wØcÂ-weÁvb gvÎ GK GKwU K…Z¨ cÖ‡Z¨‡K
DrcwË Kv‡j m¤úv`b Kwi‡Z cv‡i|
1
3q c„ôv, (M) 17| D‡c¶v-mnMZ g‡bvØviveË©b-wPË| Bnvi Ab¨ bvg
Òeë¯’vcb-wPËÓ| KviY cÂ-ØvwiK Avj¤^b Reb-¯’v‡b wKiƒc eëüZ nB‡e
Zvnvi eë¯’v GB wPËB Kwiqv †`q|
7| ¯§viK-Mv_vt- K…Z¨ msL¨v PZzÏ©k cÖwZmwÜ Avw`;

`k-¯’vb wP‡ËvrcwË cÖKvwkZ hw`|
AvUlwÆ, wØ-bevó, `yB h_vµ‡g
GK, wØ, wÎ, PZztcÂ, K…Z¨-¯’vb M‡Y|
8| wP‡Ëi Øvi-msMÖn|
Pÿz cÖf…wZ Øvi Abymv‡i wP‡Ëi †kªYx wefvMB Øvi-msMÖn|
Øv‡ii msL¨v Qqt- Pÿz-Øvi, †kªvÎ-Øvi, NªvY-Øvi, wRnŸv-Øvi,
Kvq-Øvi, g‡bvØvi|
Zb¥‡a¨ PÿzB Pÿz-Øvi, †kªvÎB †kªvÎ-Øvi| GBiƒc
Ab¨vb¨¸wj| wKšÍ g‡bvØvi ewj‡Z fev½ eywS‡Z nB‡e|
Pÿz-ØvwiK 46 cÖKvi wPËt-
(K) cÂ ØviveË©b wPË ..... 1
(L) Pÿz-weÁvb ..... ..... 2
(M) m¤úÖZx”Q wPË ... ... 2
(N) mšÍxiY wPË .... .... 3
(O) eë¯’vcb wPË ........... 1
(P) KvgvePi Reb-wPË .... 29
(Q) Z`vj¤^b ................. 8
46
GB †QPwjøk cÖKvi wPË Pÿz-Øv‡i h_v‡hvM¨ fv‡e (wPË Ges
Avj¤^b Abymv‡i) Drcbœ nq|
†mBiƒc †kªvÎ, NªvY, wRnŸv I Kvq-Øv‡ii cÖ‡Z¨K Øv‡i
cÂØviveË©bvw` 46 cÖKvi wPË Drcbœ nq| GB 46 cÖKvi Pÿz
ØvwiK wP‡Ëi m‡½, 2 †kªvÎ-weÁvb, 2 NªvY-weÁvb, 2 wRnŸv-
weÁvb, 2 Kvq-weÁvb, GB AvU cÖKvi wecvK, weÁvb †hvM
Kwi‡j 54 Pzqvbœ cÖKvi wPË cvIqv hvq, Zvnviv KvgvePi wPË-

Ges cÂ-Øv‡ii ga¨ w`qv Drcbœ nq|
g‡bvØv‡i wKš‘ g‡bvØviveË©b wPË GK cÖKvi, cÂvbœ cÖKvi
Reb-wPË Ges GMvi cÖKvi Z`vj¤^b wPË,-GB mvZlwÆ cÖKvi
wPË Drcbœ nq|
Øvi-wegy³-wPËtø Ewbk cÖKvi wPË cÖwZmwÜ, fev½ I Pz¨wZ-
K…Z¨ m¤úv`b K‡i| †mB K…‡Zï mgq Zvnviv Øvi-wegy³|1
(1) †mB ØvwiK wPË¸wji g‡a¨-wØcÂ weÁvb 10, gn˜MZ
Reb 18, †jv‡KvËi Reb 8, GB QwÎk wPË h‡_vwPZ, iƒ‡c GK
ØvwiK|
(2) g‡bvavZzÎq (cÂ ØvieË©b 1 + m¤úÖZx”Q 2) cÂ-
ØvwiK, A_©vr Pÿz cÖf…wZ cÂØv‡i Drcbœ nq|
(3) †mŠgbm¨ mnMZ mšÍxiY wPË 1, eë¯’vcb wPË 1,
KvgvePi Reb 29, GB GKwÎk wPË Qq ØvwiK|
(4) D‡cÿv mnMZ mšÍxiY 2, gnvwecvK 8, GB `k wPË
KLb Qq ØvwiK, KLb Øvi-wegy³|
(5) gn˜MZ wecvK wPËmg~n wbqZ Øvi-wegy³ A_©vr ïay
cÖwZmwÜ, fev½ I Pz¨wZ-K…Z¨ m¤úv`b K‡i|
9| ¯§viK-Mv_vt- GKØvix, cÂØvix, QqØvix wPË,
QqØvix Kfz gy³ wbZ¨ Øvigy³|
QwÎk I wZb wPË, GKwÎk µ‡g
`k, bq, cÂ fvM Øvi-‡f‡` M‡Y|
1
Avj¤^b hLb P¶vw` Øvi-c‡_ AvMgb c~eŸ©K fev½‡”Q`, fev½Pjb Ges
Øvivbyhvqx weÁvb Drcbœ K‡i, ZLb wPË ØvwiK| wKš‘ cÖwZmwÜ, fev½ I Pz¨wZ-
K…Z¨ K¤§©-e‡j wm×; Øvi-e‡j b‡n| GBRb¨ GBme K…Z¨-Kvix wPË Øvi-wegy³|
10| wP‡Ë Avj¤^b-msMÖn|

Avj¤^b-msMÖ‡n Avj¤^b Qq cÖKvit- (1) iƒcvj¤^b, (2)
kãvj¤^b, (3) MÜvj¤^b, (4) imvj¤^b, (5) ¯úÖóe¨vj¤^b, (6)
a¤§©vj¤^b| Zb¥‡a¨ ïay iƒcB (`„k¨gvb eY© B) iƒcvj¤^b| †mBiƒc
kãB kãvj¤^b; MÜB MÜvj¤^b, im imvj¤^b, c`v‡_©i KwVbZv-
‡KvgjZv, DËvc-‰kZ¨, MwZ-fvwiZ¡B ¯úÖóe¨vj¤^b1| wKš‘
a¤§©vj¤^b cybiwc Qq cÖKvitø (1) cÖmv`-iƒc, (2) m~²iƒc, (3)
wPË, (4) ˆPZwmK, (5) wbeŸ©vY Ges (6) cÖÁwß|
Zb¥‡a¨ Pÿz-ØvwiK wP‡Ëi Avj¤^b ïay iƒc ev eY©; ZvnvI
Avevi eË©gvbKvjxq| †mBiƒc †kªvÎ-ØvwiK wP‡Ëi Avj¤^b kã;
NªvY-ØvwiK wP‡Ëi Avj¤^b MÜ; wRnŸv-ØvwiK wP‡Ëi Avj¤^b im;
Kvq-ØvwiK wP‡Ëi Avj¤^b ¯úÖóe¨| GB cÂ-ØvwiK wPË ïay
Dcw¯’Z Avj¤^bB MÖnY K‡i| wKš‘ g‡bvØvwiK wP‡Ëi Qq cÖKvi
Avj¤^bB f‚Z, fwel¨r ev eË©gvbKvjxq; wKsev kw³ Abymv‡i
Kvj-wegy³ Avj¤^b (wbeŸ©vY, cÖÁwß)|
cÖwZmwÜ, fev½ I Pz¨wZ bvgK Øvi-wegy³ wP‡Ëi Avj¤^b
Ae¯’vbymv‡i Qq cÖKvi| Zvnviv mvaviYZt AeëwnZ c~eŸ©eË©x
R‡b¥ Drcbœvbyiƒc Qq-Øvi-M„nxZ Avj¤^b Ges eË©gvb ev
AZxZKvjxq; wKsev cÖÁwß| Dnviv meŸ©m¤§wZµ‡g ÒK¤§©Ó
ÒK¤§© wbwgËÓ ev ÒMwZ-wbwgËÓ bv‡g AwfwnZ nq|
†mB me wP‡Ëi g‡a¨tø
(1) Pÿz-weÁvbvw` h_vµ‡g iƒcvw` GK GK cÖKvi Avj¤^bB
MÖnY K‡i| wKš‘ g‡bvavZzÎq iƒcvw` cÂ Avj¤^b MÖnY K‡i|
Aewkó KvgvePi wecvK mg~n Ges nwm‡Zvrcv`-wPË
Kvg‡jv‡Ki meŸ© cÖKvi (Qq cÖKvi) Avj¤^bB MÖnY K‡i|
1
¯úÖóe¨= (¯ú„k& + Ze¨) Kvqv-¯ú„k¨, Kvqv Øviv ¯úk©-‡hvM¨|
(2) Øv`k AKzkj-ew¾©Z meŸ© Ávb-wecÖhy³ KvgvePi Reb-wPË

†jv‡KvËi Avj¤^b-ew¾©Z meŸ© Avj¤^b MÖnY K‡i| (3) Ávb-
m¤úÖhy³ KvgvePi Kzkj-wPË Ges cÂg-a¨vb bvgK AwfÁv-
Kzkj-wPË AinZ¡ gvM© I dj ew¾©Z meŸ© Avj¤^b MÖnY K‡i|
(4) Ávb-m¤úÖhy³ KvgvePi wµqv-wPË, wµqv-AwfÁv, Ges
eë¯’vcb wPË †h †Kvb Ae¯’vq meŸ©vj¤^b MÖnY K‡i| (5)
AiƒcvePi wP‡Ëi g‡a¨ wØZxq Ges PZz_© Aiƒc a¨vb-wPË
gn˜MZ Avj¤^b MÖnY K‡i| (6) Aewkó gn˜MZ-wPËmg~‡ni
mK‡jB cÖÁwß-Avj¤^b MÖnY K‡i| (7) †jv‡KvËi-wPË mg~n
wbeŸ©vYvj¤^b MÖnY K‡i|
11| ¯§viK-Mv_vt- Kv‡g‡Z cuwPk wPË, Qq gn˜M‡Z,
GKzk cÖÁwß MÖ‡n, wbeŸ©vYvó wP‡Z|
wek wPË †jv‡KvËi Kwiqv e¾©b,
MÖnY Kwiqv _v‡K Ab¨ Avj¤^b|
cÂ wPË MÖ‡n Ab¨ meŸ© Avj¤^b,
AinZ¡-gvM©-dj Kwiqv e¾©b|
meŸ© Avj¤^b MÖ‡n Qqwea wPË,
G msMÖn GBiƒ‡c mßav wef³|
12| wP‡Ëi ev¯‘-msMÖn|
ev¯‘ msMÖ‡n ev¯‘ Qq cÖKvit- Pÿz, †kªvÎ, NªvY, wRnŸv, Kvq
Ges ü`q| Kvg‡jv‡K GB mgy`qB jvf nq| wKš‘ iƒc-‡jv‡K
NªvY, wRnŸv, Kvq GB wZbwU we`¨gvb bvB| Aiƒc-‡jv‡K ev¯‘
bvB|
(1) Zb¥‡a¨ cÂ-weÁvb-avZz h_vµ‡g I m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c ïay cÂ
cÖmv`-ev¯‘‡K Avkªq Kwiqv cÖewË©Z nq|
(2) cÂØviveË©b Ges m¤úÖZx”Q bvgK g‡bvavZz ïay ü`q-

ev¯‘‡K Avkªq Kwiqv cÖewË©Z nq|
(3) g‡bvweÁvb avZzi AšÍM©Z mšÍxiY wPË, gnvwecvK,
cÖwZN wPËØq, †mªvZvcwË-gvM©wPË, nmb-wPË Ges iƒcvePi wPË,
ü`q-ev¯‘‡K Avkªq Kwiqv cÖewË©Z nq|
(4) wKš‘ Aewkó KzkjvKzkj-wPË, wµqv-wPË, AbyËi-wPË
ü`q-ev¯‘i Avkª‡q ev Abvkª‡q cÖewË©Z nq|
(5) Aiƒc wecvK-wPË ü`q-ev¯‘i Avkªq e¨ZxZ cÖewË©Z
nq|
13| ¯§viK-Mv_vt- Kvg-f‡e Qq ev¯‘ Kwiqv Avkªq,
mvZwU weÁvb-avZz cÖewË©Z nq|
iƒc-f‡e wZb ev¯‘ Kwiqv Avkªq,
PvwiwU weÁvb-avZz cÖewË©Z nq|
Aiƒ‡c‡Z †Kvb ev¯‘ Avkªq e¨ZxZ,
gvbm-weÁvb-avZz nq cÖewË©Z|
wZqvwjøk wPË nq ev¯‘i AvwkªZ;
AvwkªZ I AbvwkªZ weqvwjøk wPZ
Aiƒc-wecvK wKš‘ m`v AbvwkªZ|
GB ch©¨šÍ Awfa¤§©v_©-msMÖ‡n cÖKxY©-msMÖn bvgK
Z…Zxq cwi‡”Q`|
cÖKxY© msMÖ‡ni ms‡ÿcv_© eY©bv|
f‚wg, RvwZ, m¤úÖ‡qvMvw` †f‡` wPË EbbeŸB cÖKvi nB‡jI
cÖ‡Z¨KwUi GKgvÎ ¯^fve ÒAvj¤^b-weRvbbÓ| meŸ©-wPË-
mvaviY ˆPZwmK Ò¯úk©Ó EbbeŸB cÖKvi wP‡Ë Drcbœ nBqv
EbbeŸB cÖKvi Ae¯’v cÖvß nB‡jI meŸ©ve¯’vq Dnvi Ò¯úk©bÓ
¯^fve| †mBiƒc †e`bvi ÒimvbyfeÓ ¯^fve| GBiƒ‡c evqvbœ
cÖKvi ˆPZwm‡Ki evqvbœ cÖKvi ¯^fve| myZivs EbbeŸB wP‡Ëi I

evqvbœ cÖKvi ˆPZwm‡Ki wZàvbœ cÖKvi ¯^fve| Bnv cÖ_g I
wØZxq Aa¨v‡q Av‡jvwPZ nBqv‡Q| GB Z…Zxq cwi‡”Q‡ì
cÖKxY©-msMÖ‡n EbbeŸB cÖKvi wP‡Ëi †e`bv, †nZz, K…Z¨, Øvi,
Avj¤^b I ev¯‘-‡f‡` †kªYx-fvM Kiv nBqv‡Q| †e`bvw`
KzkjvKzk‡j Ave× bv _vwKqv meŸ© RvZxq wP‡Ë cÖKxwiZ ev
we¯Í…Z nq| Bnv‡ì GB meŸ©mvaviY cÖKxY© ¯^fvevbymv‡i, ¯’wei
Abyiæ× Bnv‡ì ÒcÖKxY©-msMÖnÓς bvgKiY Kwiqv‡Qb|
†e`bv-msMÖnt- †e`bv-‡f‡` wP‡Ëi msMÖnB †e`bv-msMÖn|
†e`bv m¤^‡Ü 69 Zg c„ôvq Av‡jvwPZ nBqv‡Q| G¯’‡j cvVK-
cvwVKvi myweav_© D‡cÿv-‡e`bv-mnMZ cÂvbœ wP‡Ëi ZvwjKvwU
gvÎ †Ìqv †Mjt- †jvf-g~jK Pvwi wPË, †gvn-g~jK `yB wPË,
A‡nZzK †PŠÏ wPË, gnvKzkj, gnvwecvK I gnvwµqvq evi wPË,
cÂg-a¨v‡b †ZBk wPË, meŸ©ï× GB cÂvbœ wPË D‡cÿv-‡e`bv-
mnMZ|
†nZz-msMÖnt- †nZz ‡f‡` wP‡Ëi msMÖn †nZz-msMÖn| Ò†nZzÓ
ewj‡Z wK eySvq? A_©Kv‡iiv e‡jb Òwn‡bvwZ-cwZU&VvZxÕwZ
†nZzÓ| A_©vr †hB mKj ˆPZwmK wPË‡K Bnvi Avj¤^‡b
cÖwZwôZ Kwiqv iv‡L, †mB mKj ˆPZwmK Ò†nZzÓ| †nZzi GB
¸Y-e‡j, Zuvnviv †nZz‡K e„ÿ-g~‡ji mwnZ Zzjbv Kwiqv‡Qb|
e„‡ÿi g~j †hgb e„ÿ‡K f‚wg‡Z mycÖwZwôZ Kwiqv iv‡L Ges f‚wg
nB‡Z im AvKl©Y Kwiqv e„ÿ I Zvnvi kvLv-cÖkvLv-cÎ-
cy®ú‡K mÄxweZ iv‡L I ew×©Z K‡i, †Zgwb †nZzI Avj¤^‡b
ς
cvwj ÒcwKYœKÓ we‡klY c`| Bnvi A_© we¯—…Z; we‡kl; wgkª; †hgb
ÒcwKYœK-K_vÓ| Bnvi evsjv cÖwZkã cÖKxY©, cÖKxY©K b‡n| ÒcÖKxY©KÓ
we‡kl¨c`; A_© we¯—vi|
wPË‡K cÖwZwôZ Kwiqv iv‡L Ges Avj¤^b nB‡Z im AvKl©Y

Kwiqv wP‡Ëi wPšÍv, evK¨, Kvh©¨‡K mÄxweZ, ew×©Z I djevb
K‡i| GB A‡_© †jvf-‡Øl-‡gvn Ges A‡jvf-A‡Øl-A‡gvn
†nZz| wØZxq cwi‡”Q‡ì ms‡ÿcv_© eY©bvq GB Qq ˆPZwmK
m¤^‡ÜI Av‡jvwPZ nBqv‡Q| G¯’‡j cybiæw³ Kwi‡Z nB‡Z‡Q
†h, †gvn c`v_©-ivwRi we‡klZt cÂ¯‹‡Üi cÖK…Z ¯^fve‡K
(AwbZ¨-`ytL-AbvÍ-¯^fve‡K) Av”Qv`b Kwiqv wbZ¨-myL-ïf-AvÍv
ewjqv cÖKvk K‡i| GRb¨ †gvnv”Qbœ wPË Avj¤^‡bi imv¯^v`‡bi
Rb¨ Dnv‡Z Avm³ nBqv _v‡K| ZLb H †gvnR Avmw³ ev
†jvf †nZz‡Z cwiYZ nq Ges wPË‡K Avj¤^‡b cÖwZwôZ ivwLqv
Avj¤^b‡K iÿv I Dc‡fvM Kwievi Rb¨ wPË‡K cÖ‡ivwPZ Kwi‡Z
_v‡K| Z`bymv‡i gbtK¤§©, evK&K¤§©, Kvq-K¤§©vw` m¤úvw`Z nq|
Aci w`‡K †gvnv”Qbœ wPË hw` M„nxZ Avj¤^‡b Av¯^v` jv‡f evav
cÖvß nq, Z‡e ÒcÖwZNÓ Drcbœ nq; ZLb †gv‡ni mwnZ †Øl hy³
nq Ges Avj¤^b‡K aŸsm Kwievi Rb¨ Zvnv‡Z cÖwZwôZ nBqv
_v‡K| †Øl-g~jK bvbvwea wPšÍv (e¨vcv`), eû Kvh©¨, eû evK¨,
m¤úv`‡b wbhy³ _v‡K| GBiƒ‡c †jvf-‡Øl-‡gvn †nZzi AvKv‡i
AKzkj K¤§© m¤úv`b Kivq| GBRb¨ Bnviv AKzk‡ji †nZz|
cÿvšÍ‡i A‡gvn ev cÖÁv Avj¤^‡bi h_v_© ¯^fve DÑvwUZ
Kwiqv cÖ`k©b K‡i| myZivs Av¯^v` Abyfe Kwiqv †jvf ev Z…òv
Drcbœ nq bv| †hLv‡b Ò†jvfÓ bvB, †mLv‡b †jv‡fi e¨_©Zv I
bvB| †hLv‡b e¨_©Zv bvB, †mLv‡b ÒcÖwZNÓ Drcbœ nq bv|
ÒA‡jvf Ges ÒA‡ØlÓ A‡gvn-g~jK| GB †nZzÎq hLb wPË‡K
Avj¤^‡b mycÖwZwôZ Kwiqv iv‡L, ZLb wPË †mB †mB Avj¤^b
nB‡Z ˆb®Œvg¨, ˆgÎx I cÖÁvg~jK wPšÍv, Kvh©¨ I evK¨-imB
AvniY K‡i Ges wbR‡K wbivc` I †K¬k-gy³ K‡i| A‡nZzK
wPË fvmgvb ˆkev‡ji b¨vq, Avj¤^‡b AcÖwZwôZ|
wÎwea Kzkj †nZz Ávb-m¤úÖhy³ Kzkj wP‡Ë GKÎxf‚Z nBqv

Drcbœ nq| Ávb-wecÖhy³ Kzkj wP‡Ë ïay A‡jvf I A‡Øl
†nZzØq GKÎ‡hv‡M Drcbœ nq|
K…Z¨-msMÖnt- wP‡Ëi K…Z¨-Abymv‡i †kªYx wefvMB K…Z¨-
msMÖn| †hB K¤§©-Øviv GK ÒRb¥Ó Drcbœ nq, †mB K¤§©-‡eM ÿq
nBqv †M‡j wKsev Ab¨ †Kvb cÖejZi Dc‡”Q`K K¤§©-Øviv iæ×
nBqv †M‡j, †mB ÒRb¥Ó wbiæ× nBqv hvq| RbK-K¤§©-‡e‡Mi
Geswea wb‡iva‡K Avgiv †jŠwKq fv‡e Òg„Zz¨Ó ewjqv _vwK|
†mB wb‡iva-ÿ‡Yi ev g„Zz¨-ÿ‡Yi Awe‡”Q‡` A_©vr AeëwnZ
ciÿ‡Y Ab¨ K¤§©-wecvK cÖ`v‡bi AeKvk cÖvß nq| †Kvb jä
R‡b¥i GBiƒc Aemv‡b, Ab¨ GK K¤§© †mB AeKv‡ki ga¨ w`qv,
†mB A¯Ígvb R‡b¥i mwnZ D`xqgvb R‡b¥i (f‡ei) ms‡hvM
Kivi ÿYKvj e¨vcx Kv‡h©ï bvg ÒcÖwZmwÜ-K…Z¨Ó ev K¤§©-‡nZzi
mwnZ K¤§©-wecv‡Ki cybt ms‡hvM-Kvh©¨| Bnv‡K †jŠwKq A‡_©
Avgiv ÒcybRb¥Ó ewj| GB Kvh©¨wU Ewbk cÖKvi cÖwZmwÜ
weÁv‡bi g‡a¨, Ae¯’vbymv‡i, †Kvb GKwU Øviv m¤úvw`Z nq|
†hB cÖwZmwÜ-weÁvb bexb R‡b¥i mwnZ cÖwZmwÜ, NUvq,
†mB cÖwZmwÜ-weÁvb, cÖwZmwÜ-ÿ‡Yi cieË©x ÿY nB‡Z exwZ-
wP‡ËvrcwËi Abycw¯’wZ‡Z (4_© Aa¨vq `ªóe¨), f‡ei (Aw¯Í‡Z¡i)
A½ ev KviY iƒ‡c, AvgiY cÖevwnZ nB‡Z _v‡K| f‡ei
A½iƒcx Geswea cÖwZmwÜ-weÁv‡bi bvg Òfev½Ó|
†Kvb GK Avj¤^‡bi ¯ú‡k© H fev‡½i, ¯^xq Avj¤^b
cwiZ¨vM Kwiqv H ¯ú„ó Avj¤^bvwfgy‡L, AveË©‡bi bvg
ÒAve¾©bÓ ev ÒAveË©b-K…Z¨Ó| GB K…Z¨ Ògb¯‹viBÓ cÖgyL|
72 Zg c„ôv (L) `ªóe¨|
†mB Avj¤^b-`k©b `k©b-K…Z¨, Avj¤^b-kªeY kªeY-K…Z¨
BZ¨vw`| Bnv‡ì m¤úwK©Z weÁvbB Pÿz-weÁvbvw` cÂ-weÁvb|
wP‡ËvrcwË wnmv‡e cÂ-weÁvb GKwea| GB cÂweÁvb-¯’v‡b

wP‡Ëi Ò`k©bvw`Ó cÂK…Z¨ m¤úvw`Z nq| GBiƒ‡c ¯’vb msL¨v
`k| GB cÂ-weÁvb KzkjvKzk‡ji wecvK Abymv‡iB wØcÂ-
weÁvb|
†mB wØcÂ-weÁvb-M„nxZ iƒc, kã, MÜ, im ev ¯úÖóe¨‡K
evav bv w`qv, wP‡Ëi wbw®Œq fv‡e cÖwZMÖnYB Òm¤úÖZx”Q-K…Z¨Ó|
cvwj Òm¤úwU”QbÓ k‡ãi A_© MÖnY, mg_©b|
ms+cÖwZ+B”Qv=m¤úÖZx”Qv| cÂweÁvb-M„nxZ Avj¤^b‡K cybt
B”QvKvix ev MÖnYKvix wPËB Òm¤úÖZx”QÓ ev Òm¤úÖZx”Q-wPËÓ|
†mB m¤úÖZx”Q-wPË-mgw_©Z Avj¤^‡bi jÿY-wePviB ÒmšÍxiY-
K…Z¨Ó| Ges H Avj¤^b jBqv wPË wK Kwi‡e, Zvnvi eë¯’v
KivB Òeë¯’vcb-K…Z¨Ó| eë¯’vc‡bi ci, †mB eë¯’vbyhvqx
wP‡Ëi Akwb-‡e‡M cybt cybt †mB Avj¤^bvbyf‚wZ ÒReb-K…Z¨Ó|
Ry=AbU&=Reb=‡eM; †eMevb| Reb-wPË A_© †eMevb wPË,
wµqvkxj ev K¤§©kxj wPË| wPË-exw_i GB Reb-¯’v‡bB ms¯‹vi
ev K¤§© cybM©wVZ nq| ÒZrÓ A_©vr †mB Reb-M„nxZ Avj¤^‡bi
cybiv‡jvPbv ÒZ`vj¤^b-K…Z¨Ó| Avj¤^‡bi Abyf‚wZ Reb-K…Z¨;
Reb-K…‡Zï Abyf‚wZ Z`vj¤^b-K…Z¨Ó| giYKv‡j fev½-wP‡Ëi
†mB cÖwZmwÜ Kv‡j M„nxZ Avj¤^b-cwiZ¨vM ÒPz¨wZÓ-K…Z¨Ó|
†Kvb e¨w³ we‡k‡li ÒcÖwZmwÜ-wPËÓ, Òfev½-wPËÓ Ges
ÒPz¨wZ-wPËÓ GKB wPË| Zvnv‡ì †nZz, ms¯‹vi, m¤úÖhy³ a¤§©
Ges Avj¤^b GKB cÖKvi; ïay wÎwea K…Z¨vbymv‡i GKwea wPË
wÎwea bv‡g cwiwPZ|
ÒwPËÓ Ges Zvnvi ÒAvj¤^bÓ wbišÍi cwieË©bkxj nB‡jI
Bnvi ÒK…Z¨Ó I K…Z¨ m¤úv`‡bi Ò¯’vbÓ wbqwgZ| GB AbyÿY
cwieË©bkxj wPË, wbwÏ©ó `k cÖKvi ¯’v‡b, †PŠÏ cÖKvi K…Z¨ GK
wbwÏ©ó wbq‡g m¤úv`b Kwi‡Z Kwi‡Z, cybt cybt A_P Awew”Qbœ
fv‡e cwiewË©Z nBqv cÖewË©Z (Drcbœ I cÖevwnZ) nB‡Z‡Q|

wbišÍi cwieË©bkxj wP‡Ëi K…‡Zï wbwÏ©óZv‡K wP‡Ëi wbZ¨Zv
ewjqv åg nq| Geswea åg nB‡ZB ÒAvwgÓ ev ÒAvÍvÓ KwíZ
nBqv‡Q| `xc-wkLvi K…‡Zï wbwÏ©óZv Av‡Q| wKš‘ `xc-wkLv
wbZ¨ b‡n|
†Kvb †Kvb wPË GKvwaK K…Z¨ m¤úv`‡b ÿgZvcbœ nB‡jI,
GKKv‡j GKwUgvÎ K…Z¨ m¤úv`b K‡i, GKKv‡j GKvwaK K…Z¨
m¤úv`b Kwi‡Z cv‡i bv|
Øvi-K_vt- iƒc-kãvw` Avj¤^b MÖnYv_© wPË-‰PZwm‡Ki
wbM©gb I cÖ‡ek-c_ ¯îƒc Pÿz, †kªvÎ cÖf…wZ‡K ÒØviÓ ejv
nBqv‡Q| Pÿz-cÖmv`-iƒcB Pÿz-Øvi, †kªvÎ-cÖmv`-iƒcB †kªvÎ-
Øvi| †mBiƒc Ab¨vb¨¸wj| wKš‘ g‡bvØvi ewj‡Z
Òfev‡½vc‡”Q`Ó eywS‡Z nB‡e| KviY fev‡½vc‡”Q‡ì ga¨
w`qvB wP‡Ëi exw_-ågY Avi¤¢ nq,- ÒAveË©b-wPËÓ (Ave¾©b-
wPË) Drcbœ nq| PZz_© cwi‡”Q‡ì Òexw_-msMÖ‡nÓ Bnvi
Av‡jvPbv `ªóe¨|
(1) GKØvwiK wPËtø Pÿz-weÁvbØq `k©b-K…Z¨ mvab K‡i
ewjqv ïay Pÿz-ØvwiK| GBiƒ‡c †kªvÎ-weÁvbØq †kªvÎ-ØvwiK;
NªvY-weÁvbØq NªvY-ØvwiK; wRnŸv-weÁvbØq wRnŸv-ØvwiK; Kvq-
weÁvbØq Kvq-ØvwiK| wKš‘ 18 cÖKvi gn˜MZ Reb- (5
iƒcKzkj + 5 iƒcwµqv + 4 AiƒcKzkj + 4 Aiƒcwµqv) I 8
cÖKvi †jv‡KvËi Reb (4 gvM© + 4 dj) Reb-K…Z¨ mvab
Kwi‡Z GKgvÎ g‡bvØvwiK| GB QwÎk wPË ¯^ ¯^ Øvi Abymv‡i
GKØvwiK|
(2) cÂØvwiK wPËtø g‡bvavZzÎq (1 cÂ-ØviveË©bwPË + 2
m¤úÖZx”Q wPË) cÖ‡Z¨‡K cÂ-weÁvb-M„nxZ iƒcvw` cÂvj¤^b
MÖnY K‡i| GBRb¨ Bnviv cÂØvwiK|
(3) Qq ØvwiK wPËtø 1 †mŠgbm¨-mnMZ-mšÍxiY-wPË + 1

eë¯’vcb wPË + 29 KvgvePi Reb (12 AKzkj, 8 gnvKzkj,
8 gnvwµqv, 1 nwm‡Zvrcv` wµqv) GB GKwÎk wPË Qq Øv‡i
Drcbœ nq|
(4) KLbI Qq ØvwiK, KLbI Øvi-wegy³ wPËtø 2 cÖKvi
D‡cÿv-mnMZ mšÍxiY wPË hLb cÖwZmwÜ, fev½ I Pz¨wZ-K…Z¨
m¤úv`b K‡i, ZLb Øvi-wegy³| wKš‘ Z`vj¤^b I mšÍxiYK…Z¨
m¤úv`b Kv‡j ØvwiK| Aó gnvwecvK wPË cÖwZmwÜ, fev½ I
Pz¨wZ-K…Z¨ m¤úv`b Kv‡j Øvi-wegy³| wKš‘ Z`vj¤^b-K…Z¨
m¤úv`b Kv‡j Øvi-wegy³ b‡n| ÒZ`vj¤^b-K…Z¨ m¤úv`b Kv‡jÓ
A_© GB †h, hLb Z`vj¤^b-¯’v‡b wPË Drcbœ nq|
(5) wbqZ Øvi-wegy³ wPËtø 5 cÖKvi iƒcvePi wecvK wPË
Ges 4 cÖKvi AiƒcvePi wecvK wPË ïay cÖwZmwÜ, fev½ I
Pz¨wZ-K…Z¨ m¤úv`b K‡i| GBRb¨ GB bq cÖKvi gn˜MZ wecvK
wPË wbZ¨ Øvi-wegy³|
10| Avj¤^b-K_vt- `yeŸ©j e¨w³ †hgb hwói Aej¤^‡b DwÌZ
nq, wPË-‰PZwmKI Z`ªƒc iƒc, kã, MÜvwì Aej¤^‡b Drcbœ
nq| GBiƒc hvnvi Aej¤^‡b †hB wPË-‰PZwmK Drcbœ nq,
ZvnvB †mB wPË-‰PZwm‡Ki Aej¤^b| GB Aej¤^‡b wPË-
‰PZwmK †hb Szwj‡Z _v‡K, ZvB Bnvi Ab¨ bvg ÒAej¤^bÓ;
Bnv‡Z iwgZ ewjqv ÒAvi¤§YÓ, wePiY K‡i ewjqv Ò†MvPiÓ,
Bnv‡K †fvM¨-e¯‘iƒ‡c eënvi K‡i ewjqv ÒwelqÓ Ges Bnv
wPË-‰PZwm‡Ki wbevm-¯’vb, ZvB ÒAvqZbÓ bv‡gI AwfwnZ
nq| ev¯ÍweK GB ÒAvj¤^bBÓ wPË-‰PZwm‡Ki Kvh©¨-‡ÿÎ| Ges
GB Avj¤^b wbeŸ©vPb, MÖnY I ZrcÖwZ wP‡Ëi aviYvi DciB
wP‡Ëi KzkjvKzkj wbf©i K‡i| Avj¤^b e¨ZxZ wPË-‰PZwm‡Ki
Aw¯ÍZ¡ bvB| Ges wPË-‰PZwmK e¨ZxZI Avj¤^‡bi Aw¯ÍZ¡ bvB|
Bnviv ci¯úi mv‡cÿ; Df‡qi ci¯úi m¤^ÜB †eŠ×-`k©‡bi

cU&Vv‡b ÒAvj¤^b-cÖZ¨qÓ AvL¨v cvBqv‡Q| wPË-‰PZwmK
AšÍR©MZ Ges Avj¤^b ewnR©MZ| Bnv nB‡ZB eySv hvq, †eŠ×-
`k©b evn¨vbyf‚Z c`v_©mg~n‡K KíbvgvÎ g‡b K‡i bvB; Ges GB
Kvi‡Y GB m×¤§©‡KI Ògvqv-ev‡ìÓ ch©¨vqf‚³ Kiv hvq bv|
Avj¤^b m¤^‡Ü m×¤§© mg¨K& `„wóB wb‡ÿc Kwiqv‡Q; wg_¨v`„wó
e¾©b Kwiqv‡Q| g‡bvØvi-M„nxZ Qq †kªYxi-Avj¤^‡bi mvaviY
bvg Òa¤§©vj¤^bÓ| Pÿz cÖf…wZ c‡Âw›`ªq MÖvn¨ iƒcvw` cÂ †kªYxi
Avj¤^b e¨ZxZ, ïay g‡bvM„nxZ-we`¨gvb ev Awe`¨gvb, f‚Z ev
Af‚Z- mg¯Í wKQyB Òa¤§©vj¤^bÓ| Zb¥‡a¨ cuvP cÖKvi ÒcÖmv`-
iƒcÓ †lvj cÖKvi Òm~²-iƒcÓ I ÒwbeŸ©vYÓ lô cwi‡”Q‡`, ÒwPË-
‰PZwmKÓ cÖ_g I wØZxq cwi‡”Q‡` Ges ÒcÖÁwßÓ Aóg
cwi‡”Q‡` `ªóe¨| exw_-gy³ wP‡Ëi Avj¤^b gi‡Yvb¥yL m‡Ë¡i
giY-Kv‡j, K¤§©-e‡j, Qq Øv‡ii †h †Kvb GK Øv‡i Dcw¯’Z
nq| (1) †m †`wL‡Z cvq, †hb †m D‡cvm_ cvjb Kwi‡Z‡Q,
wKsev a¤§©-‡`kbv kªeY Kwi‡Z‡Q ev Ab¨wea Kzkj K¤§© ev
AKzkj K¤§© Kwi‡Z‡Q| ZLb ejv hvB‡Z cv‡i, Zvnvi
cÖwZmwÜ-wPË ÒK¤§©‡KÓ Avj¤^b Kwiqv‡Q| (2) A_ev Z`ªƒc K¤§©
m¤úv`bKvjxb iƒc, kã, MÜvw` hvnv Dcjä nBqvwQj ev
m¤úv`‡bi DcKiY nBqvwQj, †mB ÒK¤§©-wbwgËÓ Dcw¯’Z nq|
(3) A_ev †hB f‡e Rb¥ MÖnY Kwi‡Z hvB‡Z‡Q, †mB f‡ei
wbwgË [†è‡jvK nB‡j D`¨vb, cy®úgvjv, i_vw`; gbyl¨-‡jvK
nB‡j wcZ…-gvZ…-g~wË© BZ¨vw`; Acvq MwZ nB‡j biKvwMœ cÖf…wZ]
Dcw¯’Z nq| GB cÖwZmwÜ-wPËB ¯^Kxq Avj¤^b mn †mB f‡ei
fev½ wPË nBqv AvgiY cÖevwnZ nq| Ges †mB f‡ei Aemv‡b,
Pz¨wZ-wPË nBqv GB Avj¤^b cwiZ¨vM K‡i| (cÂg cwi‡”Q‡`
ÒPz¨wZ-cÖwZmwÜÓ `ªóe¨)| BnvivB Øvi-wegy³ Ewbk cÖKvi wP‡Ëi
cÖwZmwÜ, fev½ I Pz¨wZ-K…Z¨ m¤úv`bKvjxb Avj¤^b| wPË hLb

†hB K…Z¨ m¤úv`b K‡i, ZLb Zvnv‡K †mB wPË ejv nq| hLb
wPË cÖwZmwÜ-K…Z¨ m¤úv`b K‡i, ZLb Bnv cÖwZmwÜ-wPË; hLb
Pz¨wZ-K…Z¨ m¤úv`b K‡i, ZLb Pz¨wZ-wPË BZ¨vw`|
Kvj-wegy³ Avj¤^bt- hvnvi DrcwË I wejq Av‡Q, Zvnvi
f‚Z, fwel¨r, eË©gvb KvjI Av‡Q| wejxb nBqv †M‡j f‚Z ev
AZxZ Kvj, hLb cybiærcbœ nB‡e ZLb fwel¨r Kvj, Drcbœ
Ae¯’vq eË©gvb Kvj| ÒwbeŸ©vYÓ DrcwË-wejqnxb ewjqv Kvj-
wegy³ Avj¤^b|
wPËvbymv‡i Avj¤^b wbiæcY|
(1) †ZBk cÖKvi KvgvePi wecvK, cÂØviveË©b Ges
nwm‡Zvrcv`,- GB cuwPk cÖKvi wPË KvgvePi Avj¤^b MÖnY
K‡i| KvgvePi Avj¤^b wK wK? Pzqvbœ cÖKvi KvgvePi wPË,
evqvbœ cÖKvi ˆPZwmK I AvUvBk cÖKvi ÒiƒcÓ mgMÖfv‡e
KvgvePi Avj¤^b|
(2) Øv`k AKzkj wPË Ges Aówea Ávb-wecÖhy³ KvgvePi
Reb (4 Kzkj I 4 wµqv), GB wek wPË †jv‡KvËi Avj¤^b
e¨ZxZ Ab¨ meŸ©wea Avj¤^b MÖnY K‡i| †jv‡KvËi Avj¤^b wK
wK? Pwjøk cÖKvi †jv‡KvËi wPË, QwÎk cÖKvi ˆPZwmK (13
Ab¨-mgvb ˆPZwmK I AcÖ‡gq ew¾©Z 23 †kvfb ˆPZwmK)
Ges wbeŸ©vY mgMÖ fv‡e †jv‡KvËi Avj¤^b|
(3) Pvwi Ávb-m¤úÖhy³ gnvKzkj, GK AwfÁv-Kzkj-wPË
(iƒcvePi cÂg a¨vb-wPË), GB cuvP wPË AinZ¡-gvM© I AinZ¡-
dj-ew¾©Z meŸ© Avj¤^b MÖnY K‡i|
(4) Pvwi Ávb-m¤úÖhy³ KvgvePi wµqvwPË, GK wµqv

AwfÁv (iƒcvePi cÂg-a¨vb wµqv-wPË), Ges eë¯’vcb wPË,-
GB Qq wPË meŸ© Avj¤^b MÖnY K‡i|
(5) AiƒcvePi wØZxq I PZz_© a¨v‡bi Kzkj-wecvK-wµqv,
GB Qq wPË gn˜MZ Avj¤^b MÖnY K‡i| A_©vr h_vµ‡g Aiƒc
a¨v‡bi cÖ_g I Z…Zxq a¨vb-wPË‡K Avj¤^b MÖnY K‡i| gn˜MZ
Avj¤^b wK wK? mvZvBk cÖKvi gn˜MZ wPË, cuqwÎk cÖKvi
ˆPZwmK (13 Ab¨-mgvb, weiwZÎq ew¾©Z 22 †kvfb ˆPZwmK)
mgMÖfv‡e gn˜MZ Avj¤^b|
(6) iƒcvePi-wPË cbi Ges cÖ_g I Z…Zxq Aiƒc-Kzkj-
wecvK-wµqv wPË Qq, GKz‡b GB GKzk wPË cÖÁwß Avj¤^b
(cÖwZfvM wbwgË) MÖnY K‡i|
(7) †jv‡KvËi gvM© I dj Abymv‡i AvU wPË ïay wbeŸ©vY-
Avj¤^b MÖnY K‡i|
Dc‡iv³ µg‡K 1, 5, 6, 7, 2, 3, 4 AvKv‡i mvRvB‡j,
Mv_vi µ‡gi mwnZ meŸ©‡Zvfv‡e wgwjqv hvB‡e|
Avj¤^bvbymv‡i wPË-msMÖn|
(1) KvgvePi Avj¤^bMÖvnx wPËtø KvgvePi wPË 54, Kzkj
I wµqv AwfÁv (iƒc cÂg a¨vb-wPË) 2, GB Qvàvbœ wPË|
(2) gn˜MZ Avj¤^bMÖvnx wPËtø 12 AKzkj, 1
g‡bvØviveË©b, 8 gnvKzkj, 8 gnvwµqv, 2 Kzkj I wµqv
AwfÁv, 3 weÁvbvbšÍvqZb, 3 ˆbemsÁvbvmsÁvZb wPË,
meŸ©‡gvU muvqwÎk wPË|
(3) cÖÁwß Avj¤^bMÖvnx wPËtø 12 AKzkj, 1 g‡bvØviveË©b,
8 gnvKzkj, 8 gnvwµqv, 15 iƒcvePi, 3 AvKvkvbšÍvqZb, 3
AvwKÂbvqZbømeŸ©‡gvU cÂvk wPË|
(4) a¤§©vj¤^bMÖvnx wPËtø 10 wØcÂ weÁvb I g‡bvavZz-wÎK

ev` Aewkó (89-13) wQqvËi wPË|
(5) wbeŸ©vYvj¤^b-MÖvnx wPËtø 1 g‡bvØviveË©b wPË, 4 Ávb-
m¤úÖhy³ gnvKzkj, 4 Ávb-m¤úÖhy³ gnvwµqv, 2 Kzkjwµqv
AwfÁv, 8 †jv‡KvËi, GB Ewbk wPË wbeŸ©vY‡K Avj¤^b MÖnY
Kwi‡Z mÿg|
(6) iƒcvj¤^b-MÖvnx wPËtø 2 Pÿz-weÁvb, 3 g‡bvavZz, 1
g‡bvØviveË©b, 29 KvgvePi Reb, 11 Z`vj¤^b, 2 Kzkj I
wµqv AwfÁv- GB AvUPwjøk wPË|
Z`ªƒc kãvj¤^b, MÜvj¤^b, imvj¤^b, ¯úÖóe¨vj¤^b MÖnY
Kwiqv cÖ‡Z¨K Avj¤^‡b 48 wPË Drcbœ nq| ïay Pÿz-weÁv‡bi
¯’v‡b µ‡g †kªvÎ-weÁvb, NªvY-weÁvb, wRnŸv-weÁvb, I Kvq-
weÁvb †hvM Kwi‡j H H Avj¤^b-MÖvnx wPË I wPË-msL¨v
wgwj‡e|
12| ev¯‘-msMÖnt- wPË-‰PZwm‡Ki Avavi I Avkªq¯’vb
wnmv‡e Pÿz, †kªvÎ, NªvY, wRnŸv, Kvqv I ü`q‡K ev¯‘ ejv
nBqv‡Q| Òev¯‘Ó A_© emwZ-¯’vb| Pÿz-cÖmv`B Pÿz ev¯‘, †kªvÎ-
cÖmv` †kªvÎ ev¯‘ BZ¨vw`| wKš‘ gw¯Í®‹ hveZxq øvqyi †K›`ªiƒ‡c
wPË-wµqvi Ab¨Zi mnvq nB‡jI gw¯Í®‹ I øvqyi mRxeZv
ü`&wcÐ-‡cÖwiZ i‡³i Dci wbf©i K‡i| GBRb¨ ü`&wcÐB
g‡bvweÁvb I g‡bvavZzwÎ‡Ki ev¯‘ ewjqv †eŠ×-`vk©wbKMY
KË©„K M„nxZ nBqv‡Q| Òa¤§-c‡`Ó wPË‡K ¸nvkvqx ejv
nBqv‡Q| ü`q-¸nv ÒAvÍviÓ evm¯’vb ewjqv ey‡×i c~eŸ© nB‡Z
fviZxq `vk©wbKM‡Yi aviYv|
mß-weÁvb-avZz wK? `yB cÖKvi Pÿz-weÁvbB Pÿz weÁvb-
avZz| `yB cÖKvi †kªvÎ-weÁvbB †kªvÎ-weÁvb-avZz, Z`ªƒc NªvY-
weÁvb-avZz, wRnŸv-weÁvb-avZz, Kvq-weÁvb-avZz| GB cÂ-
weÁvb‡K ÒavZzÓ e‡j †Kb? A_©Kv‡iiv e‡jb Òhvnv wbR& wbR&

¯^fve aviY K‡i, A_©vr AvÍvi ¯^fve aviY K‡i bv, ZvnvB avZz|
GB cÂ-weÁv‡bi ¯^fve ¯^ ¯^ ev¯‘i ÒK…Z¨-RvbbÓ| Pÿz-
weÁv‡bi ¯^fve Pÿz-ev¯‘i `k©b-K…Z¨ AeMZ nIqv| Pÿz wfbœ
Ab¨ wKQyB GB `k©b-K…Z¨ m¤úv`b Kwi‡Z cv‡i bv; Ges Pÿz-
weÁvb wfbœ Ab¨ †Kvb weÁvb GB `k©b-K…Z¨ AeMZ nB‡Z
cv‡i bv| GB `k©b-¯^fve-wewkóZvi Kvi‡Y Pÿz I ÒavZzÓGes
`k©b-K…Z¨-Rvbb-¯^fve-wewkóZvi Kvi‡Y Pÿz-weÁvbI avZz|
†mBiƒc Ab¨vb¨ ÒweÁvb-avZzÓ eywS‡Z nB‡e|
cÂØviveË©b-wPË Ges m¤úÖZx”Q-wPËØ‡qi mvaviY bvg
g‡bvavZz| GB wPËÎq ÒgbbÓ ¯^fve-wewkó| wK gbb K‡i?
cÂØviveË©b-wPËÒgb¯‹v‡iiÓ wb‡Ï©wkZ iƒcvw` Avj¤^b gbb
K‡i; m¤úÖZx”Q-wPË cÂ-weÁvb-M„nxZ Avj¤^b gbb K‡i|
GBiƒc gbb-¯^fve-wewkó ewjqv, GB wZb wPË Òg‡bvavZz-
wÎKÓ| Aewkó A_©vr 21 Kzkj, 12 AKzkj, 24 wecvK Ges
19 wµqv, GB 76 cÖKvi wP‡Ëi mvaviY bvg Òg‡bvweÁvb
avZzÓ| KviY Zvnv‡ì mK‡ji GKB ¯^fve,-ÒAvj¤^b
weRvbbÓ| cuvP cÖKvi cÂ-weÁvb avZz, GK cÖKvi
g‡bvavZzwÎK, GK cÖKvi g‡bvweÁvb-avZzB GKz‡b Òmß-
weÁvbavZzÓ| 89 cÖKvi wPË‡K avZz Abymv‡i wefvM Kwi‡j GB
Òmß weÁvb avZzÓi mwnZ Awfbœ nq| cÂ weÁvb-avZz
KzkjvKzk‡ji wecvKvbymv‡i wØcÂ weÁvb nB‡jI, cÂ ev¯‘i
ÒK…Z¨-RvbbÓ ¯^fvevbymv‡i cÂwea|
(1) wØ-cÂ weÁvb h_vµ‡g Pÿz cÖf…wZ cÂ cÖmvìƒc‡K
wbkªq Kwiqv Drcbœ nq|
(2) g‡bvavZzwÎK ü`q-ev¯‘i wbkª‡q Drcbœ nq|
(3) 3 mšÍxiY-wPË, 8gnvwecvK, 2 cÖwZN-wPË, 1

†mªvZvcwË-gvM©-wPË, 1 nmb-wPË, 15 iƒcvePi-wPË ü`q ev¯‘i
Avkª‡q Drcbœ nq| GB 43 wPË ev¯‘i Avkª‡qB Drcbœ nq, webv
Avkª‡q Drcbœ nB‡Z cv†i bv| Zb¥‡a¨ cÖmv`-iƒ‡ci Avkª‡q 10
wØ-cÂ weÁvb Ges ü`q-ev¯‘i Avkª‡q evKx †ZwÎk wPË Drcbœ
nq|
(4) 8 †jvfg~jK wPË, 2 †gvng~jK wPË, 1 g‡bvØviveË©b
wPË, 8 gnvKzkj, 8 gnvwµqv, 4 Aiƒc Kzkj, 4 Aiƒc-wµqv,
†mªvZvcwË-gvM©-wPË e¨ZxZ 7 †jv‡KvËi wPË,- GKz‡b GB
weqvwjøk cÖKvi g‡bvweÁvb-avZz ü`q-ev¯‘i wbkª‡qI Drcbœ
nq| Awbkª‡q I Drcbœ nq| A_©vr Aiƒc-‡jv‡K Awbkª‡q Drcbœ
nq| Kvg I iƒc‡jv‡K wbkª‡q Drcbœ nq|
(5) Pvwi cÖKvi Aiƒc-wecvK wbZ¨ ü`q-ev¯‘i Awbkª‡q
Drcbœ nq|
iƒc I Aiƒc-m‡Ë¡i Aw¯ÍZ¡ m¤^‡Ü Mr. s. z Aung e‡jb,
ÒOur assertions about grades of superhuman
beings will be laughed at in the West. such
beings can not be proved to exist. Neverthless,
comperative anatomy has done a little service
toward showing the likelihood of a reguler
gradation of beings, which dose not necessarily
stop at man. Again. we who have been
accustomed to associate mind with brain, may
scoff at the idea of the Arupa-world. and yet
modern hypnotism, in a small way, shows
likelihood of the existence of a world with
thougth, minus brainactivity. How far these
buddhist beliefs are, or are not, borne out by

modern science, it is for each scientific
generation to declare.Ó page 284, Compendium
of Philosopy. Avgv‡ì mvaviY Áv‡b Bnv‡ì Òm¤¢vweZvÓ
Dcjwä Kwi‡Z cvwi| Òev¯ÍweKZviÓ Rb¨ DbœZZi Ávb
Avek¨K|
cÖKxY© msMÖ‡ni ms‡ÿcv_© eY©bv mgvß|
cÖKxY©-msMÖn m¤^‡Ü Abykxjbx|
1| ÒcÖKxY©-msMÖnÓ ewj‡Z wK eyS? Bnvi Av‡jvP¨ welq wK
wK?
2| Ò†e`bvÓ wK? Ges Bnv KZ cÖKvi? ÒBw›`ªq-cÖ‡f`
†e`bvÓ gv‡b wK?
3| †mŠgbm¨ I D‡cÿv †e`bv-hy³ wPË¸wji bv‡gv‡jøL Ki|
myL, `ytL I †`Š¤§©bm¨ †e`bv-hy³ wPË wK wK?
4| Ò†nZzÓ I Ò†nZz-msMÖnÓ ewj‡Z wK eySvq? ÒA‡nZzK-
wPËÓ, Òm‡nZzK-wPËÓ gv‡b wK? ÒKzkj-‡nZzÓ I ÒAKzkj-
‡nZzÓ ¸wji bvg Ki|
5| AKzkj wPË wÎ‡nZzK nB‡Z cv‡i wK? DËi mg_©b Ki|
GK †nZzK wPË wK wK? wØ‡nZzK wPË¸wji bvg Ki| wÎ‡nZzK
wP‡Ëi msL¨v I bvg D‡jøL Ki|
6| wP‡Ëi ÒK…Z¨Ó wK Ges wK wK? cÂweÁvb- Ò¯’v‡bÓ wK
wK K…Z¨ m¤úvw`Z nq? cÖ‡Z¨K K…Z¨ m¤^‡Ü hvnv Rvb ej| †Kvb&
K…Z¨ e‡j Avgiv Avgv‡ì ms¯‹vi ev PwiÎ‡K bexbvKv‡i MVb
Kwi‡Z cvwi?
7| ÒK…Z¨Ó I Ò¯’v‡bÓ cÖ‡f` wK? Aó gnvwecvK-wPË wK wK

K…Z¨ m¤úv`b Kwi‡Z cv‡i? gnvKzk‡ji wecvK BnRxe‡b †Kvb&
¯’v‡b d‡j?
8| ïay GK GKwU K…Z¨ m¤úv`bKvix wPË¸wji bvg ej,
Ges Zvnv‡ì †Kvb&wU wK K…Z¨ m¤úv`b K‡i, ZvnvI D‡jøL Ki|
9| `yB K…Z¨ m¤úv`bKvix wPË¸wji bvg I Zvnv‡ì K…Z¨
eySvBqv ej| †Kvb& †Kvb& wPË ÒcÖwZmwÜÓ- K…Z¨ m¤úv`b Kwi‡Z
cv‡i? Bnv KzkjvKzkj-‡f‡` I wµqv-‡f‡` cÖ`k©b Ki|
10| ÒAveË©b-K…Z¨ ewj‡Z wK eyS? †Kvb& †Kvb& wPË GB
K…Z¨ m¤úv`b Kwi‡Z cv‡i? GB cÖ‡kœi DË‡ii Rb¨ †h †Póv
Kwi‡ZQ, Bnv †Kvb& K…Z¨?
11| †Zvgvi eË©gvb f‡ei cÖwZmwÜ, fev½ I Pz¨wZ-K…Z¨
m¤^‡Ü wK eywSqvQ ej| Zvnv‡ì cv_©K¨ †Kv_vq?
12| Pÿz cÖf…wZ l‡ow›`ªq‡K ÒØviÓ ejv nBqv‡Q †Kb?
Òg‡bvØviÓ ewj‡Z wK eyS?
13| †kªvÎ-ØvwiK wPË KqwU I wK wK? g‡bvØvwiK wPË¸wji
bvg Ki|
14| KLbI ØvwiK Ges KLbI Øvi-wegy³, Giƒc wPË¸wji
bvg ej Ges Zvnviv Giƒc nq †Kb?
15| wbqZ Øvi-wegy³ wPË wK wK?
16| Øvi‡f‡` wPË Kqfv‡M wef³ Ges wKiƒc? cÖ‡Z¨K
fv‡Mi wPË-msL¨v ej|
17| wP‡Ëi Avj¤^b ewj‡Z wK eyS? Bnvi cÖwZkã¸wji
D‡jøL Ki I Zvrch©¨ ej| Avj¤^b KZ cÖKvi I wK wK?
18| ¯úÖóe¨ I a¤§©vj¤^b m¤^‡Ü GKwU cÖeÜ wjL| wP‡Ëi
Avj¤^b wbeŸ©vP‡b mveavbZvi cÖ‡qvRb wK? ÒA‡mebv P
evjvbsÓ, ÒcwÐZvbÂ †mebvÓ| Bnv‡ì Avj¤^b wK?
19| Kvj Abymv‡i cÂ-ØvwiK I g‡bvØvwiK Avj¤^‡bi

cv_©K¨ I mvgÄm¨ eY©b Ki| ÒKvj-wegy³ Avj¤^bÓ ewj‡Z wK
eyS? Avwg AvR PÆMÖv‡g Ave¯’vb Kv‡j, ey× Mqvi c~eŸ©`„ó
†evwa`ªæg‡K gbð‡ÿ †`wL‡ZwQ| Bnv Øvi I Kvj wnmv‡e wK
cÖKvi Avj¤^b?
20| Øvi-wegy³ wP‡Ëi Avj¤^b KZ cÖKvi? GZ`&m¤^‡Ü hvnv
Rvb ej| mšÍxiY wP‡Ëi Øvi I Avj¤^b m¤^‡Ü wK Rvb?
21| meŸ© Avj¤^b MÖnY Kwi‡Z cv‡i Ggb wPË¸wji
bv‡gv‡jøL Ki| †jv‡KvËi wPË e¨ZxZ Ab¨ †Kvb& †Kvb& wPË
wbeŸ©vYvj¤^b MÖnY Kwi‡Z cv‡i?
22| Avj¤^b-msMÖn wKiƒ‡c mvZ fv‡M wef³ nBqv‡Q Zvnv
wekìƒ‡c eY©bv Ki| †jvKxq weiwZi Avj¤^b¸wj wbY©q Ki|
†jv‡KvËi weiwZi Avj¤^b wK?
23| Avj¤^b-msMÖ‡ni ¯§viK-Mv_v Ave„wË Ki I eySvBqv
`vI|
24| ÒwP‡Ëi ev¯‘Ó ewj‡Z wK eyS? ü`q-ev¯‘ wK?
25| ev¯‘ e¨ZxZ wPË Drcbœ nB‡Z cv‡i wK? †Kvb& †Kvb&
wPË wbZ¨ ev¯‘i AvwkªZ?
26| iƒc-f‡ei ev¯‘ wK wK? Aiƒ‡c ev¯‘ bvB †Kb?
27| iƒc-f‡e KqwU weÁvb-avZz Drcbœ nq Ges wK wK?
28| mßweÁvb-avZz m¤^‡Ü we¯Í…Z eY©b Ki|
29| ev¯‘i KLb AvwkªZ I KLb AbvwkªZ wPË¸wji bvg
ej|
30| ev¯‘i wbqZ AbvwkªZ wPË wK wK?
gšÍe¨t- cÖ‡Z¨K Aa¨v‡qi ci Abykxjbv_© KZ¸wj cÖkœ cÖ`Ë
nBqv‡Q; wKš‘ GB mgy`q cÖkœ wKQy‡ZB ch©¨vß b‡n| wkÿv_©xiv
wb‡R wb‡R AviI eû cÖkœ Ges DËi cÖ¯‘Z Kwiqv wbR cÖ‡qvRb
mvab Kwi‡Z cv‡ib| wkÿbxq welqwU KZ`~i AwaMZ nBqv‡Q,

Zvnv GB cÖ‡kœvËi cÖ`v‡bi †Póv‡ZB aiv cwo‡e|
PZz_© cwi‡”Q`|
exw_-msMÖn|
1| m~Pbv-Mv_vt- wP‡ËvrcwË msMÖnvw` ewY©evi ci,
ms‡ÿ‡c‡Z wPË-exw_ Kwie †MvPit-
c~eŸ©wPË, ciwPË h‡_vwPZ µ‡g,
ÒcÖwZmwÜÓ ÒcÖeË©bÓ GB `yB Kv‡j,
c„_K c„_K KwiÕ f‚wg I cy˜M‡j|
2| exw_-msMÖ‡n Qq †kªYxt- cÖ‡Z¨K †kªYxi Avevi Qq
Dc‡kªYx| Bnv‡ì cÖ‡Z¨KwU eywS‡Z nB‡e| h_vt-
(1) Qq ev¯‘; (2) Qq Øvi; (3) Qq Avj¤^b; (4) Qq weÁvb;
(5) Qq exw_; (6) Qq AvKv‡i wel‡qi (Avj¤^‡bi) DrcwË|
exw_-gy³ wP‡Ë K¤§©, K¤§©-wbwgË I MwZ-wbwgË GB wZb
cÖKvi wel‡qi DrcwË nBqv _v‡K|
c~eŸ© cwi‡”Q‡` (1) ev¯‘, (2) Øvi I (3) Avj¤^b m¤^‡Ü
Av‡jvwPZ nBqv‡Q| Z`bymv‡i †mB mgy`q eywS‡Z nB‡e| Zrci
(4) Qq cÖKvi weÁvbt- Pÿz-weÁvb, †kªvÎ-weÁvb, NªvY-weÁvb,
wRnŸv-weÁvb, Kvq-weÁvb I g‡bvweÁvb| (5) Øvi Abymv‡i Qq
cÖKvi exw_t- PÿzØvi-exw_, †kªvÎØvi-exw_, NªvYØvi-exw_,
wRnŸvØvi-exw_, KvqØvi-exw_ I g‡bvØvi-exw_| A_ev
Zvnvw`M‡K ÒweÁvbÓ Abymv‡i ejv hvB‡Z cv‡i,ø Pÿz-weÁvb-
exw_, †kªvÎ-weÁvb-exw_, NªvY-weÁvb-exw_, wRnŸv-weÁvb-exw_,
Kvq-weÁvb-exw_ I g‡bvweÁvb-exw_| GBiƒ‡c Øv‡ivrcbœ-exw_
I weÁv‡bvrcbœ-exw_ m¤^Ühy³|
meŸ©‡kl (6) Qq AvKv‡i wel‡qi (Avj¤^‡bi) DrcwË

GBiƒ‡c eywS‡Z nB‡e †h, ¯úóZv Abymv‡i Avj¤^b cÂØv‡it-
AwZ-gnr, gnr cwiË1, ev AwZ cwiË| Ges g‡bvØv‡itø
wef‚Z, ev Awef‚Z|
3| cÂ Øvi-exw_|
wKiƒ‡c (cÂØvi-exw_ eywS‡Z nB‡e)?
cÖ‡Z¨K Ò¯’v‡bÓ2 wP‡Ëi DrcwË-ÿY w¯’wZÿY I f½ÿY
Abymv‡i wZbÿ‡Y GK ÒwPËÿYÓ nq| iƒcvj¤^b mß`k wPËÿY
e¨vwcqv GK (cÂØvwiK) wPË-exw_‡Z we`¨gvb _v‡K| BnvB
iƒcvj¤^‡bi Avqy| GK wPËÿY ev GKvwaK wPËÿY AZxZ
nBevi ci, w¯’wZ cÖvß nB‡jB cÂvj¤^‡bi †h †Kvb GK
Avj¤^b, cÂØv‡ii h‡_vwPZ Øv‡i, Dcw¯’Z nBqv _v‡K| myZivs
exw_-ch©Üb-cÖYvjx GBiƒctø
(K) GK wPËÿ‡Y AZxZ nBevi ci hLb †Kvb GK
iƒcvj¤^b PÿzØv‡i Dcw¯’Z nq, ZLb `yB wPËÿY fev½ Pj‡b I
fev‡½vc‡”Q‡` AwZevwnZ nq| Zrci Pÿz-ØviveË©b-wPË †mB
iƒcvj¤^‡b AvewË©Z nBqv Drcbœ I wbiæ× nq (1g wPËÿY)|
Z`bšÍi †mB iƒcvj¤^b‡K †`wL‡Z cvBqv Pÿz-weÁvb (2q
wPËÿY), cÖwZMÖnY Kwiqv m¤úÖZx”Q wPË (3q wPËÿY), cixÿv
Kwiqv mšÍxiY wPË (4_© wPËÿY), eë¯’v Kwiqv eë¯’vcb wPË
(5g wPËÿY) h_vµ‡g Drcbœ I wbiæ× nq| Zrci Reb-¯’v‡b
G‡KvbwÎsk KvgvePi-Reb-wP‡Ëi g‡a¨ Ae¯’vbymv‡i †hBwU
1
cwiË= Aí, Zz”Q, mmxg|
2
95 Zg c„ôv `ªóe¨|
myweav cvq †mBwU, mvaviYZt mß wPËÿY RweZ1 nq (6ô

nB‡Z 12k wPËÿY)|
GB Reb-wP‡Ëi Avï wecvK ¯îƒc ÒZ`vj¤^b-wecvK-wPËÓ
h‡_vwPZ fv‡e cÖevwnZ nB‡Z _v‡K (13k-14k wPËÿY)|
Zrci wPË fev‡½ cwZZ nq|
G ch©¨šÍ exw_-wP‡ËvrcwË‡Z †PŠÏ wPËÿY, (Zrc~‡eŸ©)
fev½-Pj‡b `yB wPËÿY I AZxZ fev‡½ GK wPËÿY, meŸ©ï×
mß`k wPËÿY cwic~Y© nBj| Geswea Avj¤^b‡K AwZ ¯úóZvi
Rb¨, ÒAwZ-gn`vj¤^bÓ ejv nq|
(L) `yB ev wZb wPËÿY AZxZ nBevi ci hw` Avj¤^b
PÿzØv‡i I g‡bvØv‡i Dcw¯’Z nq, Z‡e GB wej¤^ †nZz Reb-
¯’vb nB‡ZB (wPË) fev‡½ cwZZ nq; ÒZ`vj¤^bÓ Drcbœ nB‡Z
cv‡i bv| GB cÖKv‡i Avj¤^b‡K Ògn`vj¤^bÓ ejv nq|
(M) Pvwi, cuvP, Qq, mvZ, AvU ev bq wPËÿY AZxZ nBevi
ci hw` Avj¤^b PÿzØv‡i I g‡bvØv‡i Dcw¯’Z nq, Reb-wPË
Drcbœ nBevi AeKvk nq bv; †Kej eë¯’vcb¯’v‡b (wPË) `yB
wPËÿY cÖewË©Z (cybt cybt Drcbœ) nq| GB cÖKvi Avj¤^b
ÒcwiË-Avj¤^bÓ|
(N) `k, GKv`k, Øv`k, PZzÏk © ev cÂ`k wPËÿY AZxZ
nBevi ci †hB Avj¤^b wbiæ‡×vb¥yL PÿzØv‡i I g‡bvØv‡i
Dcw¯’Z nq Ges eë¯’vcb-¯’v‡b †cuŠwQ‡Z cv‡i bv, ZvnvB
ÒAwZ-cwiË-Avj¤^bÓ| GgZve¯’vq fev½-cÖev‡n K¤úb DwÌZ
nq gvÎ; exw_-wPË Drcbœ nq bv|
1
wPË Avj¤^b cybt cybt Dcjwä K‡i|
†hgb PÿzØv‡i, †Zgb Aewkó †kªvÎvw` Øv‡i| GB cÂ Øv‡ii

ÒZ`vj¤^bÓ, ÒRebÓ, Òeë¯’vcbÓ Ges Ò†gvNÓ1 †kªYx bvgK
Pvwi †kªYxi Avj¤^bB Pvwi cÖKvi Òwel‡qvrcwËÓ bv‡g ÁvZe¨|
4| ¯§viK-Mv_vt- cÂØvi-exw_ wPË mß K…Z¨2 K‡i;
wP‡ËvrcwË Abymv‡i †PŠÏÿY a‡i|
Pzqvbœ wP‡Ëi msL¨v GB cÂ Øv‡i|
GB ch©¨šÍ cÂØv‡i exw_-wP‡ËvrcwË cÖYvjx|
5| KvgvePi g‡bvØvi-exw_|
g‡bvØv‡i (fev‡½) wef‚Z (¯úó) Avj¤^b Dcw¯’Z nBevi ci
fev½-‡mªv‡Z K¤úb Avi¤¢ nq| Zrci g‡bvØviveË©b-wPË Reb-
wPË Ges Z`vj¤^b-wecvK-wPË µ‡g Drcbœ I wbiæ× nq A_©vr
wPË fev½-‡mªv‡Z cybt cybt cwZZ nq| wKš‘ Avj¤^b hLb
Awef‚Z (A¯úó) nq, ZLb Re‡bi ciB wPË fev½-‡mªv‡Z
cwZZ nq; Z`vj¤^b-wecvK-wPË Drcbœ nq bv|
6| ¯§viK-Mv_vt- g‡bvØvi-exw_-wPË wZb K…Z¨ K‡i;
wP‡ËvrcwË Abymv‡i `kÿY a‡i;
Pwjøk I GK wPË D‡V g‡bvØv‡i3
1
†gvN= Zz”Q, e¨_©, wbõj| KviY GB †kªYxi Avj¤^‡bi Øviv exw_-wP‡ËvrcwË
nq bv|
2
AveË©b, `k©b-kªeYvw` cÂ-weÁvb, m¤úÖZx”Q, mš—xiY, eë¯’vcb, Reb I
Z`vj¤^b GB mßK…Z¨| AveË©bvw` cuvP ¯’v‡b GK GK wPË¶Y, Re‡b mvZ I
Z`vj¤^‡b `yB,-‡gvU 14 wPË¶Y|
3
54 cÖKvi KvgvePi wPË nB‡Z wØcÂ weÁvb I g‡bvavZzwÎK,- GB 13 wPË
ev` hvBqv evKx 41 wPË KvgveP‡ii g‡bvØvwiK exw_ wPË| Bnviv g‡bvØviveË©b,
Reb I Z`vj¤^b, GB wZb K…Z¨ K‡i; GB wZb K…Z¨ m¤úv`b Kwi‡Z
g‡bvØviveË©b ev eë¯’vcb ¯’v‡b 1 wPË¶Y, Re‡b 7, I Z`vj¤^‡b 2 wPË¶Y,
GB `k wPË¶Y e¨wqZ nq|
7| Ac©Yv Reb wPË-exw_|

Ac©Yv-Reb-wPË mg~‡n wKš‘ Avj¤^‡bi Òwef‚ZÓ Ges
ÒAwef‚ZÓ †f` bvB| A_©vr wef‚Z Avj¤^‡bB Ac©Yv Drcbœ nq|
GB exw_‡Z Z`vj¤^bI Drcbœ nq bv| KviY GB Reb-¯’v‡b
AvU cÖKvi Ávb-m¤úÖhy³ KvgvePi Re‡bi g‡a¨ †h †Kvb
GKwU, wZb ev Pvwi wPËÿ‡Yi Rb¨, h_vµ‡g Drcbœ I wbiæ×
nq| GB exw_i GB wPËÿY¸wj‡K ÒcwiK¤§©Ó, ÒDcPviÓ,
ÒAby‡jvgÓ Ges Ò†MvÎf‚Ó (GB cvwifvwlK) bv‡g AwfwnZ Kiv
nq1| Z`bšÍi Zvnviv h‡_vwPZfv‡e (cy˜Mjvbyiƒ‡c) PZz_© ev
cÂg wPËÿ‡Y wbiæ× nq ewjqv, †mB PZz_© ev cÂg ÿ‡YB2 26
cÖKvi gn˜MZ I †jv‡KvËi Reb-wP‡Ëi g‡a¨ †h †Kvb GKwU
h_vM„nxZ wbwgËvbymv‡i (1) Ac©Yv-exw_‡Z AeZiY K‡i|
Zrci (4_© ev 5g wPËÿ‡Yi ci) Ac©Yvi Aemv‡b wPË fev‡½B
cwZZ nq| (A_©vr Z`vj¤^b Drcbœ nq bv)|
GLv‡b †mŠgbm¨ mnMZ Re‡bi AbšÍ‡i †mŠgbm¨ mnMZ
Ac©YvB Avkv Kiv hvq; Ges D‡cÿv mnMZ Re‡bi AbšÍ‡i
D‡cÿv-mnMZB| cybiwc Kzkj RebvbšÍi Zvnvi dj ¯îƒc
Kzkj Reb Ges dj PZzó‡qi g‡a¨ bx‡Pi (AinZ¡ dj e¨ZxZ)
djÎq; wµqv-Re‡bi AbšÍi wµqv-Reb I AinZ¡-dj Avkv
Kiv hvq|
1
36 c„ôv `ªóe¨|
2
Ac©Yv Drcbœ nBevi _vwK‡j 4_© ev 5g wPË¶‡Y Drcbœ nq, bZzev †gv‡UB
Drcbœ nq bv| (1) cwiK¤§© fvebvi kg_ ev we`k©b wbwgËvbymv‡i| c„_M&Rb I
ˆk¶¨ cy`&M‡ji †gvU 44wU Ac©Yv-Reb-wPË-exw_t-
8| ¯§viK-Mv_vt- ØvwÎskr myL-cyY¨ Ac©Yv Rebς;

Ac©Yv Øv`k wPË D‡cÿv hLb(1)|
myL-wµqv Aó wP‡Ë Reb Ac©Yv(2) ;
D‡cÿv wµqvq Qq Ac©Yv MYbv(3)|
wÎ‡nZzK Kvg-cy‡Y¨ †h Ac©Yv Rv‡M,
ˆkÿ¨ I c„_M&Rb `yÕR‡b Zv j‡f|
wÎ‡nZzK Kvg-wµ‡q †h Ac©Yv Rv‡M,
Zvnv wKš‘ jvf K‡i ïay exZiv‡M|
GB ch©¨šÍ g‡bvØvwiK exw_-wP‡Ëi DrcwË wbqg|
9| Z`vj¤^b-wbqg|
meŸ©Øv‡i, hw` †Kvb Avj¤^b Ag‡bvig nq Z‡e Bnv AZxZ
AKzkj K‡¤§©i wecvK,-cÂ weÁv‡b, m¤úÖZx‡”Q, mšÍxi‡Y,
Z`vj¤^‡b dj cÖ`vb K‡i; Ges g‡ivig nB‡j AZxZ Kzkj
K‡¤§©i wecvK; hw` Avj¤^b AZ¨šÍ g‡bvig nq, Z‡e mšÍxiY
Ges Z`vj¤^b †mŠgbm¨-mnMZ nq| C`„k wecv‡K, †mŠgbm¨
mnMZ wµqv-Re‡bi Aemv‡b Z`vj¤^bI †mŠgbm¨-mnMZ nq;
A_ev hw` wµqv-Reb D‡cÿv-mnMZ nq, Z‡e ZrcieË©x
Z`vj¤^b-ÿYI D‡cÿv-mnMZ nq| A_ev hw` Reb †`Š¤§©bm¨-
ς
32 cÖKvi †mŠgbm¨ mnMZ Kzkj-wPË, h_v- 4iƒcvePi Kzkj (5g a¨vb
ew¾©Z), Pvwi gv‡M©i cÖ‡Z¨KwU‡Z 4wU Kwiqv †mŠgbm¨ mnMZ †jv‡KvËi Reb-
wPË 16, wb‡æi djÎ‡qi cÖ‡Z¨KwU‡Z 4wU Kwiqv 12; †gvU 32 Ac©Yv-Reb-
wPË| (1) 12 D‡c¶v mnMZ Kzkj wPËt-cÂg a¨vb iƒcvePi Kzkj 1,
AiƒcvePi Kzkj 4, †jv‡KvËi cÂg a¨vb 7; †gvU 12 wPË| (2) exZivM
An©‡Zi 14wU Ac©Yv Re‡bi g‡a¨, †mŠgbm¨ mnMZ Ávb-m¤úÖhy³ iƒcvePi
wµqv 4, AinZ¡-dj †mŠgbm¨ a¨vb-wPË 4 GB AvU Ac©Yv Reb †mŠgbm¨
mnMZ wµqv Reb| (3) Ges iƒcvePi wµqv 5g a¨v‡b 1, Aiƒc wµqv 4,
AinZ¡-dj 5g a¨vb 1; GB Qq D‡c¶v mnMZ wµqv-Reb|
mnMZ nq, Z‡e Z`vj¤^b-ÿY I fev½mg~n DfqB D‡cÿv-

mnMZ nBqv _v‡K|
†mBRb¨, †mŠgbm¨-cÖwZmwÜ‡Ki †`Š¤§©bm¨ Rebvemv‡b hLb
Z`vj¤^b Drcbœ nq bv, ZLb Zr¯’v‡b c~eŸ© mwÂZ cwiËvj¤^b
(54 cÖKvi KvgvePi wPË I 28 cÖKvi iƒc) Aej¤^b Kwiqv
D‡cÿv-mnMZ mšÍxiY (AvMš‘K fev½) Drcbœ nq| AvPvh©¨‡ì
AwfgZ GB †h, Zrciÿ‡YB fev½-cvZ nq| Zuvnviv AviI
e‡jb †h, (1) ïay KvgvePi Rebvemv‡b, (2) Kvg‡jvK¯’
mË¡M‡Yi Rb¨, (3) KvgvePi Avj¤^‡bB Z`vj¤^b Avkv Kiv
hvq|
10| ¯§viK-Mv_vt- Kvg‡jvK-wP‡Ë, Kvg-Rebvemv‡b,
wef‚Z, gnr AwZ Avj¤^b nÕ†j,
e‡j ÒZ`&-Avj¤^bÓ †mB Avj¤^‡b|
GB ch©¨šÍ Z`vj¤^b-wbqg|
11| Reb-wbqg|
Reb-wP‡Ëi g‡a¨ cwiË1 Reb-exw_‡Z KvgvePi-Reb-mg~n
mvZevi ev Qqevi RweZ (†eMcÖvß) nq; A_ev ev¯‘ wKsev
Avj¤^‡bi `yeŸ©jZvi mgq, giYvmbœKv‡j ev g~”Q©vKv‡j cuvPevi
RweZ nq| fMev‡bi hyM¥Fw× cÖ`k©b Kv‡j `ªæZfv‡e wPË
cÖZ¨‡eÿY Kwi‡Z, Pvwi ev cuvPevi gvÎ Reb-wPË RweZ nBZ
ewjqv Kw_Z Av‡Q| Avw`-Kw¤§©M‡Yi wPË, cÖ_g Ac©Yvq Ges
gn˜MZ Re‡b I AwfÁv-Re‡b meŸ©`v GK wPËÿY gvÎ RweZ
nBqv fev‡½ cwZZ nq|
1
KvgveP‡ii Re‡bi cvwifvwlK bvg ÒcwiË-RebÓ| cwiË A_© mmxg, h_v
cwiËvf|
Pvwi gvM©-wP‡Ëi DrcwË GK GK wPËÿ‡YB nBqv _v‡K|

Zrci †mB exw_‡ZB dj-wPËmg~n cÖ‡Z¨KwU `yB ev wZb wPËÿY
e¨vwcqv gvM©vbyiƒ‡c Drcbœ nq; Zrci wPË fev‡½ cwZZ nq|
wb‡iva-mgvcwËKv‡j (a¨v‡b wPËe„wË wbiæ× nBevi Kv‡j)
PZz_© Aiƒc-wP‡Ëi (ˆbemsÁv-bvmsÁvi) Reb `yBevi gvÎ
RweZ nBqv wb‡iva cÖvß nq| Ges †mB Ae¯’v nB‡Z cybiæÌvb
Kv‡j, AbvMvgx-dj-wPË ev An©Z-dj-wPË, cy˜Mjvbyiƒ‡c
GKevi Drcbœ nBqv wbiæ× nq Ges Z`bšÍi fev‡½ cwZZ nq|
cÖ‡Z¨K mgvcwË-exw_‡Z1 fev½-‡mªv‡Zi b¨vq exw_-wbqg
bvB| eû Reb-ÿY (mvZev‡ii AwaK) Drcbœ nB‡Z cv‡i|
12| ¯§viK-Mv_vt- cwiË-Reb R‡e mß wPËÿY;
gvM© I AwfÁvq R‡e GKÿY|
Aewk‡ó eûKó Dc‡R Reb|
G ch©¨šÍ Reb-wbqg|
13| cy˜Mj †f‡` exw_-wP‡Ëi wewfbœZv|
wØ‡nZzK ev A‡nZzK cÖwZmwÜ‡Ki2 wbKU wµqv-Reb Ges
Ac©Yv-Reb Drcbœ nq bv| Bnviv Kvg-myMwZ‡Z Rb¥ MÖnY
Kwi‡jI Ávb-m¤úÖhy³ Kzkj K‡¤§©i wecvK †fvM Kwi‡Z cv‡i
bv| Ges `yM©wZ‡Z Rb¥ MÖnY Kwi‡j Ávb-wecÖhy³
gnvwecvKivwkI jvf K‡i bv|
wÎ‡nZzK cÖwZmwÜKM‡Yi g‡a¨ ÿxYvmeM‡Yi KzkjvKzkj
Reb-jvf nq bv| †mBiƒc ˆkÿ¨ (†mªvZvcbœ, mK…`vMvgx,
1
mgvcwË= cuvP a¨vb-mgvcwË Ges gv‡M©i Pvwi dj-mgvcwË| mg¨Kiƒ‡c cÖvwßB
mgvcwË= mg& + AvcwË (cÖvwß)|
2
hvnv‡ì cÖwZmwÜ-wPË `yB †nZz m¤úÖhy³ Zvnviv wØ‡nZzK cÖwZmwÜK; †mBiƒc
cÖwZmwÜ-wPË A‡nZzK nB‡j, Zvnvw`M‡K A‡nZzK cÖwZmwÜK ejv nq|
AbvMvgx, AinZ gvM©¯’) Ges c„_M&R‡bi wµqv-Reb-jvf nq

bv| ˆkÿïv `„wó-m¤úÖhy³ ev wewPwKrmv-m¤úÖhy³-Reb jvf
K‡ib bv| AbvMvgx cy˜M‡jiv cÖwZN RebI jvf K‡ib bv|
Avh©¨M‡Yi1 wbKUB †jv‡KvËi-Reb ¯^ ¯^ gvM© I djvbymv‡i
mgyrcbœ nq|
14| ¯§viK-Mv_vt- An©‡Zi Pzqvwjøk, ˆk‡ÿï Qvàvbœ;
Aewkó cy˜M‡ji exw_ †h Pzqvbœ|
G ch©¨šÍ cy˜Mj-wefvM|
15| f‚wg-‡f‡` exw_-wPË|
KvgvePi f‚wg‡Z c~eŸ© ewY©Z meŸ©wea exw_-wPË h‡_vwPZ
(f‚wg I cy˜Mjvbyiƒ‡c) Dcjä nq|
iƒcvePi f‚wg‡ZI Z`ªƒc; ïay cÖwZN-Reb-exw_ I Z`vj¤^b
ew¾©Z| AiƒcvePi f‚wg‡ZI Z`ªƒc; Z‡e cÖ_g gvM©-Reb-exw_,
iƒcvePi wPË-exw_, nmb-wPË-exw_ I wb‡æi Aiƒc-wPË ew¾©Z|
meŸ©‡jv‡K, Pÿz cÖf…wZ †hB †hB cÖmvìƒ‡ci Afve Av‡Q,
†mB †mB ØvwiK exw_-wPË Drcbœ nq bv| AmsÁmË¡M‡Yi †Kvb
Ae¯’v‡ZB †Kvb wP‡ËvrcwË bvB|
16| ¯§viK-Mv_vt- exw_-wPË Kv‡g Avkx, PZztlwó iƒ‡c,
Aiƒ‡c‡Z weqvwjøk, †RÕ†bv GBiƒ‡c|
G ch©¨šÍ f‚wg-wefvM|
17| GB cÖKv‡i, Qq ØvwiK wPË-exw_, h_vm¤¢‚Z fev½ Øviv
wehy³ nBqv, AvgiY Awe‡”Q‡` cybt cybt Drcbœ I cÖevwnZ
nq|
G ch©¨šÍ Awfa¤§©v_©-msMÖ‡n exw_-msMÖn bvgK
PZz_© cwi‡”Q`|
1
†mªvZvcbœ gvM©¯’ nB‡Z An©r dj¯’ ch©¨š— Aó Avh©¨-cy`&Mj|
exw_-msMÖ‡ni ms‡ÿcv_© eY©bv|

cÖ_g wZb cwi‡”Q‡` wPË-‰PZwm‡Ki msMÖn, m¤úÖ‡qvM,
cÖ‡f` BZ¨vw` eY©bvi ci, GB PZz_© cwi‡”Q‡` KvgvePivw` f‚wg-
‡f‡`, wØ‡nZzK-wÎ‡nZzK cy˜Mj-‡f‡`, AveË©b-wPË I Pÿz-
weÁvb BZ¨vw` c~eŸ©eË©x wPË I cieË©x wPËvbyµ‡g wPË-exw_
cÖ`wk©Z nB‡Z‡Q|
GB Òexw_Ó wK? Ges ÒwPË-exw_Ó ewj‡ZB ev wK eySvq?
Òexw_Ó A_© c_| Ges ÒwPË-exw_Ó wP‡Ëi ågY-c_| Pÿvw`
Øvi-c‡_ Avj¤^‡bi ¯ú‡k© fev½ Ae¯’v nB‡Z wPË RvMÖZ nBqv,
wbwÏ©ó ¯’vbvwì1 ga¨w`qv wbwÏ©ó K…Z¨vw` mgvcbv‡šÍ, cybt fev‡½
cwZZ nq| wPË-ci¯úivi GB mg¯Í Kvh©¨ m¤úv`bB wP‡Ëi
exw_-ågY, BnvB wPË-exw_| Geswea exw_‡Z Drcbœ wPË
ci¯úivB Òexw_-wPË| wPË GBiƒ‡c Avj¤^‡bi ¯ú‡k© †mB
fev½ve¯’v nB‡Z DwÌZ nBqv H H wbwÏ©ó ¯’v‡b, H H wbwÏ©ó
K…Z¨ mgvcbv‡šÍ cybt fev‡½ cwZZ nq| GBiƒ‡c wPË-ci¯úiv
AkªvšÍ fv‡e exw_ I fev‡½ DwVqv-cwoqv Pwjqv‡Q| wKš‘ wPË-
ci¯úiv fev‡½i ga¨ w`qv GBiƒc `ªæZ MwZ‡Z exw_i ci exw_
AwZµg K‡i †h, AjvZ-P‡µi Av‡jv-‡iLvi wKsev Pjw”P‡Îi
cv_©‡Kï b¨vq GB wPË-ci¯úivi cv_©K¨ Avgv‡ì mvaviY
Áv‡b aiv c‡i bv| †mBRb¨ GB AmsL¨ wPË-ci¯úiv‡K GKwU
gvÎ wPË ewjqv cÖZxwZ R‡b¥| cÖZxwZ R‡b¥ †h, wP‡Ëi GKwU
gvÎ Abyf‚wZ, hvnv evK¨ Øviv e¨³ nq †h, ÒAvwg AvgwU
†`wL‡ZwQÓ, Zvnv GKwU gvÎ wP‡Ëi wµqv|
1
wP‡Ëi †PŠÏ cÖKvi K…Z¨ I `k cÖKvi ¯’vb 95 c„ôvq K…Z¨-msMÖ‡n `ªóe¨|
wP‡Ëi C`„kx GKwU gvÎ Abyf‚wZ‡Z, Pvwi †kªYxi mnmª mnmª

exw_i DrcwË m¤^‡Ü c‡i Av‡jvwPZ nB‡Z‡Q| GB Òexw_-wPËÓ
I Òfev½Ó DfqB ¯^ ¯^ Avj¤^b, K…Z¨ I ¯^fve m¤^‡Ü wecixZ
fvevcbœ| GB MÖ‡š’i 105 Zg c„ôvq, cvVK, fev½ m¤^‡Ü
cÖv_wgK Av‡jvPbv †`wLqv‡Qb| Zi½-nxb b`x-‡mªv‡Zi b¨vq
fev½ kvšÍfv‡e cÖengvb; wKš‘ evZ¨vNv‡Z †hgb kvšÍ b`x-
cÖev‡n Zi‡½v”Q¡vm nq, †Zgwb Pÿvw` Øvi-c‡_ Avj¤^‡bi
AwfNv‡Z fev½-cÖev‡n wP‡ËvrcwË nq| bexb Avj¤^‡bi ¯ú‡k©
fev½vj¤^b cwiZ¨vM Kwiqv, wP‡Ëi †mB bexb Avj¤^b MÖnY
(gbb) ÒwPË-wbqgÓ| b`x-Zi‡½i D”Q¡vm Av‡Q, P‚ov Av‡Q,
cZb Av‡Q| wP‡ËiI DrcwË Av‡Q, w¯’wZ Av‡Q, f½ Av‡Q|
fev½vj¤^b cwiZ¨vM Kwiqv, bexbvj¤^b gbbB wP‡Ëi ÒDrcwËÓ;
†mB jä Avj¤^‡b wP‡Ëi Awbe„wËB Òw¯’wZÓ; Ges wbe„wË ev
AšÍ×©vbB Òf½Ó| †Kvb †Kvb †eŠ×-`vk©wbK (h_v ¯’wei b›`)
wP‡Ëi Òw¯’wZ-ÿYÓ A¯^xKvi K‡ib| wKš‘ w¯’wZ ewj‡Z wP‡Ëi
wbðjve¯’v b‡n| †hgb exw_‡Z, †Zgb fev½ve¯’vq wPË wPi-
cÖengvb| wP‡Ëi DrcwË-ÿ‡Yi ci f½vwfgyLx ÿYwUB Òw¯’wZ
ÿYÓ| wP‡Ëi ÒÿYÓ ewj‡Z GK wbwg‡li, ev A½ywji GK Zzox
(UzmKx) mg‡qi eû †KvwU-kZ-mnmª fv‡Mi GK fvM mgq| GK
Zzox mg‡qi g‡a¨ A‡bK †KvwU-kZ-mnmª Ò†e`bvÓ Drcbœ nq
ewjqv A_©K_vq D³ Av‡Q| GBiƒc GK DrcwË-ÿY, GK
w¯’wZ-ÿY I GK f½-ÿY,- GB cÖKvi wZb ÿ‡Y GK ÒwPËÿYÓ
nq| GB GK wPËÿYB GK wP‡Ëi Avqy| wP‡Ëi `ªæZkxjZvi
Dcgv wg‡j bv ewjqv meŸ©Á ey×‡KI ¯^xKvi Kwi‡Z nBqv‡Q|
(A½yËi wbKvq, GK wbcvZ)| AvaywbK êÁvwb‡KivI e‡jbtø
ÒThe vibration rate of consciousness is the
shortest possible wave-length, and is at the
extreme end of the spectrum, and is equivalent to

the diameter of an electron, which is the cube-
root of a millionth of a meterÓ.
The Nature of Consciousness.
AvPvh©¨ ey×‡Nvl, Zuvnvi AÌmvwjbx bvgK a¤§-m½wYi
AÌK_vq, cÂØvi-exw_ m¤^‡Ü, eû Dcgv cÖ`k©b Kwiqv‡Qb|
Zb¥‡a¨ meŸ©vwaK Rb-wcÖq DcgvwU GLv‡b M„nxZ nBj| cÂØvi-
exw_i Abyev‡ì mwnZ GB DcgvwU ïay g‡bv‡hvM c~eŸ©K
wgjvBqv Aa¨qb Kwi‡j, wPË-exw_ I exw_-wPË m¤^‡Ü †gvUvgywU
GK cwi®‹vi aviYv Rwb¥‡e|
1| GK Avgª-e„‡ÿi bx‡P GK 1| wP‡Ëi fev½ Ae¯’v|
e¨w³ Kvc‡o gyL XvwKqv
wb`ªv hvB‡Z‡Q|
2| GK `g&Kv evZvm Avg 2| AZxZ fev½-Kvj| Øvi-
Mv‡Qi Dci w`qv ewnqv †Mj| c‡_AvMZ Avj¤^b GK wPË-
ÿ‡Yi Rb¨ fvev½-‡mªv‡Zi
mwnZ cÖevwnZ nBj|
3| Zvnv‡Z kvLv †`vwjqv DwVj| 3| fev½-Pjb Kvj|
GKwPËÿ‡Yi Rb¨ fev‡½
K¤úb Dcw¯’Z nBj|
4| Ges GKwU Avgª e„šÍ-Pz¨Z 4| fev½-Dc‡”Q` Kvj|
nBqv f‚cwZZ nBj| GB GK wPËÿ‡Y fev½ ¯^xq
Avj¤^b cwiZ¨vM Kwij|
5| cZb-k‡ã †jvKwU RvwMqv 5| Ògb¯‹v‡iiÓ RvMiY

DwVj| Kvjt- bexb Avj¤^‡bi w`‡K
Ògb¯‹viÓ AveË©b Kwij;
BnvB cÂØviveË©b wPË|
GBLv‡b exw_-ågY Avi¤¢
nBj| Bnv exw_i cÖ_g
wPËÿY|
6| Ges gyL-e¯¿ AcmvwiZ Kwiqv 6| Pÿz-weÁvb Kvj;
AvgªwU `k©b Kwij| 2q wPËÿY|
7| Zrci djwU KzovBqv jBj| 7| m¤úÖZx”Q-Kvj; 3q
wPËÿY|
8| Ges gÏ©b ev cixÿv Kwij| 8| mšÍxiY-Kvj; 4_©
wPËÿY|
9| Dnv Av¯^v‡`vc‡hvMx myc° 9| eë¯’vcb-Kvj; 5g
Avgª ewjqv wb×©viY Kwij| wPËÿY|
10| cwi‡fvM Kwij| 10| Reb-Kvj; 6ô-
12k wPËÿY|
11| Òcwi‡fvM KwiqvwQÓ GB 11| Z`vj¤^b-Kvj; 13k-
¯§„wZ Dc‡fvM Kwij| 14k wPËÿY|
12| cybt wb`ªvgMœ nBj| 12| cybt fev½-Kvj A_©vr

wPË fev½-¯’v‡b, fev½-
K…‡Z¨ I fev½vej¤^‡b
cybt wbhy³ nBj| Kvnvi
e‡j? ÒRxwe‡Zw›`ªqÓ
ˆPZwm‡Ki e‡j| BnvI
ÒwPË-wbqgÓ|
GB Dcgvq wK eySv †Mj? eySv †Mj †h, Avj¤^‡bi Kvh©¨
cÖmv`-iƒ‡c ¯úk©; AveË©b-wP‡Ëi (gb¯‹v‡ii) Kvh©¨ welqvwfgyLx
fve; Pÿz-weÁv‡bi Kvh©¨ `k©b; m¤úÖZx‡”Qi Kvh©¨ Avj¤^b MÖnY;
mšÍxi‡Yi Kvh©¨ cixÿv; eë¯’vc‡bi Kvh©¨ cixÿv‡šÍ Avj¤^b‡K
wKiƒc eënvi Kwi‡e, Zvnv wb×©viY; Re‡bi Kvh©¨ Avj¤^‡bi
imvbyfe; Z`vj¤^‡bi Kvh©¨ Re‡bi Kv‡h©¨ imvbyfe| Avj¤^‡bi
¯ú‡k© fev½-wPË RvMÖZ nBqv D³ wbwÏ©ó ¯’vbmg~‡n wbwÏ©ó
Kvh©¨vw` m¤úv`b Kivi bvg wP‡Ëi Òexw_-ch©ÜbÓ GB exw_i
Reb-¯’v‡bB wPË mwµq, BnvB ÒK¤§©-feÓ1| cÂØviveË©b I
g‡bvØviveË©b A‡nZzK-wµqv-wPË2| wØ-cÂweÁvb, m¤úÖZx”Q,
mšÍxiY I Z`vj¤^b wecvK cÖ`v‡bi ¯’vb; GB ¯’vb mg~‡n GBme
wPË RvMÖZ e‡U, wKš‘ wbw®Œq I †nZz-weiwnZ3 wKš‘ Zb¥‡a¨ hw`
Avj¤^b ÒAwZ-gnrÓ nq Z‡e Z`vj¤^‡b, †mB exw_i Re‡biB
Avï wecvK Drcbœ nq; AwZ-gnr bv nB‡j Drcbœ nq bv; Ges
1
12 AKzkj, 8 gnvKzkj, 8 gnvwµqv, 1 nwm‡Zvrcv`, GB 29 cÖKvi KvgvePi
Reb-wPËB KvgvePi-K¤§©|
2
3q c„ôvi (M) `ªóe¨|
3
62 Zg c„ôvq GB mKj wP‡Ëi ˆPZwmK-msMÖn `„‡ó Bnv‡ì wbw®ŒqZv I
A‡nZzKZvi KviY eySv hvB‡e|
wØ-cÂweÁvb, m¤úÖZx”Q I mšÍxiY-¯’v‡b c~eŸ©Rb¥-K…Z

KzkjvKyk‡ji wecvK-weÁvb Drcbœ nq1|
Dc‡iv³ Av‡gªvcgv ÒAwZ-gn`vj¤^bÓ m¤^‡Ü|
(K) AwZ-gn`vj¤^b-exw_| GK wPËÿY AZx‡Zi ci fev½
Pjbt-
Zx b ` c we m Y g R R R R R R R Z Z f
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
(L) gn`vj¤^b-exw_| `yB wPËÿY AZx‡Zi ci fev½ Pjbt-
Zx Zx b ` c we m Y g R R R R R R R f f
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
wZb wPËÿY AZx‡Zi ci fev½-Pjbt-
Zx Zx Zx b ` c we m Y g R R R R R R R f
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
(M) cwiËvj¤^b-exw_| Pvwi wPËÿY AZx‡Zi ci fev½-
Pjb| GB exw_‡Z wPË g‡bvØviveË©‡b wZb wPËÿY cÖeË©‡bi ci
fev‡½ cwZZ nq|
Zx Zx Zx Zx b ` c we m Y g g g f f f f
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
GBiƒ‡c 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 ev 9 wPËÿY AZx‡Zi ci fev½-
Pjb Avi¤¢ nB‡j wPË Òg‡bvØviveË©bÓ nB‡ZB fev‡½ cwZZ
nq| GBiƒ‡c cwiËvj¤^b-exw_ Qq cÖKv‡i DrcwËi m¤¢vebv
Av‡Q| Zb¥‡a¨ cÖ_g cÖKviB Dc‡i cÖ`wk©Z nBqv‡Q| cvVKMY
BnvI jÿ¨ Kwi‡eb †h, GB exw_‡Z wPË Re‡b †cuŠ‡Q bv;
1
3q c„ôvi (K), (L) Ges 23k-26k c„ôv `ªóe¨|
m‡¼Zv_©t- Zx = AZxZ fev½, b = Pjb, ` = Dc‡”Q`, c = cÂØviveË©b, we
= cÂ weÁvb, m = m¤úÖZx”Q, Y = mš—xiY, g = g‡bvØviveË©b, R = Reb, Z
= Z`vj¤^b, f = fev½| \ DrcwË-w¯’wZ-f½-¶YÎq|
myZivs KzkjvKzkj K¤§©I GB exw_-wPË Øviv MwVZ nq bv|

nvj&Kv wP‡Ë Ag‡bv‡hvwMZvi mwnZ Avj¤^b MÖnY, GB exw_iB
KvimvwR|
(N) AwZ-cwiËvj¤^b-exw_| 10-15 wPËÿY AZx‡Zi ci
fev½-Pjb| cÖ_g-exw_tø
Zx Zx Zx Zx Zx Zx Zx Zx Zx Zx b b f f f f f
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \\ \ \ \ \
6ô exw_t-
Zx Zx Zx Zx Zx Zx Zx Zx Zx Zx Zx Zx Zx Zx Zx b b f
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
GB Avj¤^b exw_-Drcv`‡b A‡gvN (Ae¨_©) b‡n,- ‡gvN|
cÂØvwiK Avj¤^b hyMcr `yB Øv‡iiB AwaKv‡i AvMgb K‡i|
iƒcvj¤^b †hB Òÿ‡YÓ Pÿz-cÖmv‡` ¯ú„ó nq, †mB Òÿ‡YÓ
g‡bvØv‡iI ¯ú„ó nq Ges fev½-Pj‡bi cÖZ¨q nq| Bnv
cÂØvwiK exw_i wgkª-g‡bvØvi-exw_| kãvw` m¤^‡ÜI GB wbqg|
`ÐvnZ N›Uv-aŸwbi Abyi‡ei b¨vq cÂØvwiK exw_, Avj¤^‡bi
weM‡gI, cybt cybt Drcbœ I cÖevwnZ nB‡Z _v‡K|
ZvB ejv nBqv‡Qø

Òiƒcs cVg-wP‡Ëb, ZxZs `ywZh-‡PZmv,
bvgs ZwZh-wP‡Ëb, AÌs PZzÌ †PZmvÓ|
D³ Mv_vbymv‡i cÖ‡Z¨K PÿzØvi-exw_i AbšÍ‡i h_v‡hvM¨
ÒZ`byeË©K-g‡bvØvi-exw_Ó I Òï×-g‡bvØvi-exw_Ó Drcbœ nq|
A_©vr meŸ©v‡`Š GK Pÿz weÁvb-exw_, Z`bšÍi AZxZ‡K (m`¨
weMZ Avj¤^b‡K) gbb Kwiqv wØZxq Z`byeË©K g‡bvØvi-exw_,
Z`bšÍi bvg-cÖÁwß‡K gbb Kwiqv Z…Zxq Òï× g‡bvØvi-exw_Ó,
Z`bšÍi A_©-cÖÁwß‡K gbb Kwiqv (Avj¤^‡bi ¸Yvejx m¤^‡Ü
aviYvw` MVb Kwiqv) PZz_© Òï× g‡bvØvi-exw_Ó Drcbœ nq|

Avj¤^b‡K wbwðZiƒ‡c Rvwbevi Rb¨, cÖ‡Z¨K cÂØvi-exw_i
mn‡hvMx GB wZb g‡bvØvi-exw_, GKwUi ci GKwU, kZ
mnmªevi Drcbœ nq| Zvnv‡Z Bnvi Reb-¯’v‡b K¤§© bexf‚Z I
MwVZ nq| ZvB ejv nq- K¤§m&&m Kvi‡Kv bwÌÓ| exw_¯’ wPË-
ci¯úiv, †hgb cÖ‡Z¨K exw_i ci, †Zgb exw_i cÖ‡Z¨K
Ò¯’v‡bÓ cÖ‡Z¨K wPËÿ‡Yi ci, wbiæ× nq I cybiærcbœ nq|
GBiƒc DVv-bvgv Øviv Pjw”P‡Îi Awfbq Kwiqv exw_-ci¯úivi
cÖ‡Z¨K exw_, Z`vj¤^b-¯’v‡b mgvß nq I fev½cvZ nq| cybt
DwVqv cwoqv exw_-ågY, cybt fev‡½ cZb| cybt ågY, cybt
cZb| GB fv‡eB wPË Pwjqv‡Q, GB fv‡eB KvR K‡i| wPË,
Zvnv nB‡j, KZ PÂj! KZ AwbZ¨! GB cÖKv‡iI ÒAwbZ¨ZvÓ
I ÒAbvÍZvÓ m¤^‡Ü we`k©b-fvebv Kwi‡Z nq| Bnv mZ¨ e‡U
Òd›`bs, Pcjs wPËs `yiK&Ls `ywbœevihsÓ; BnvI mgcwigv‡Y
mZ¨ †h, C`„k wPË‡K ÒDRys K‡ivwZ †gavwe DmyKv‡ivÕe
†ZRbsÓ|
KvgvePi g‡bvØvi-exw_|
cÂØv‡i †hvRbv-AbyeÜb e¨ZxZ, Qq cÖKvi g‡bvØvwiK
KvgvePi Avj¤^‡bi g‡a¨ †h †Kvb GKwUi mvnv‡h¨ Drcbœ wPË-
exw_B ÒKvgvePi g‡bvØvi-exw_Ó| Øv`k AKzkj wPË, 8
gnvKzkj, 8 gnvwµqv, 8 m‡nZzK gnvwecvK, 3 mšÍxiY, 1
g‡bvØviveË©b, 1 nwm‡Zvrcv` wPË,ømeŸ©ï× GB GKPwjøk wPËB
KvgvePi g‡bvØvi-exw_‡Z DrcwËkxj wPË| GLv‡b g‡bvØvi
ewj‡Z Òï× g‡bvØviÓ eywS‡Z nB‡e; cÂ-weÁv‡bi ÒAbyeË©K-
g‡bvØviÓ b‡n|
cÂØv‡ii c~eŸ©M„nxZ Avj¤^b, wKsev Zrm¤^Üxf‚Z Avj¤^b,

cieË©x mg‡q KviY-jv‡f, ï×-g‡bvØv‡i Drcbœ nq| c~eŸ©`„ó
Ò†evwa-`ªægÓ hw` AvR ¯§„wZ‡Z Dcw¯’Z nq, wKsev †mB †evwa-
`ªæg m¤^Üxq †h mg¯Í welq, Abygvb ev m„Rb-ÿgv Kíbv m„Rb
K‡i, Z‡e ewj‡Z nB‡e,øGB mg¯Í welq Òï×-g‡bvØvwiKÓ|
g‡bvØvwiK exw_-wP‡Ëi wÎwea K…Z¨, (1) g‡bvØviveË©b, (2)
Reb Ges (3) Z`vj¤^b| Avj¤^b Awef‚Z nB‡j Z`vj¤^b-K…Z¨
mvwaZ nq bv, ïay cÖ_g `yB K…Z¨B mvwaZ nq|
ï×g‡bvØvwiK exw_i †iLv¼b|
1| wef‚Zvj¤^b-exw_|
f b ` g R R R R R R R Z Z f
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
2| Awef‚Zvj¤^b-exw_|
f b ` g R R R R R R R f
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
GB ï×-g‡bvØvwiK-exw_‡Z g‡bvØviveË©b wPËB Òeë¯’vcb-
K…Z¨Ó mvab K‡i| A_©vr cÂØvi-exw_‡Z hvnv Òeë¯’vcb-wPËÓ
I Òeë¯’vcb-K…Z¨Ó, ZvnvB ï× g‡bvØvi-exw_‡Z
Òg‡bvØviveË©b-wPËÓ I Òg‡bvØviveË©b-K…Z¨Ó| ÒcigÌ-`xcbxÓ
g‡bvØvivj¤^b‡K Pvwi †kªYx‡Z fvM Kwiqv‡Qb| h_vtø (1)
AwZwef‚Z, (2) wef‚Z, (3) Awef‚Z, (4) AwZ-Awef‚Z| GB
Pvwi †kªYxi g‡a¨ cÖ_g `yB †kªYxi Avj¤^b Re‡b †cuŠ‡Q, †k‡li
`yB †kªYxi Re‡b †cuŠ‡Q bv| Ab¨vb¨ UxKvKviMY g‡bvØvi-exw_i
RebvbbyM Avj¤^b‡K cwinvi Kwiqv‡Qb|
Ac©Yv-Rebt- gn˜MZ ev †jv‡KvËi-a¨vb-wP‡Ëi RebB
Ac©Yv-Reb-wPË| ÒGKM&Ms wPËs Avi¤§‡Y A‡àZxÕwZ Aàbv|
wPË hLb m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c Avj¤^‡b wbg¾b c~eŸ©K Awc©Z nBqv _v‡K,

ZLb wP‡Ëi Ac©Yvi Ae¯’v| ÒweZK©Ó ˆPZwmK mvaviYZt
wPË‡K Avj¤^‡b wb‡ÿc K‡i; wKš‘ Bnv a¨vbv½-iƒ‡c wPË‡K
Avj¤^‡b wbgw¾Z Kwiqv iv‡L| GKvMÖ wP‡Ëi C`„k
Avj¤^bgqZvB Ac©Yv ev c~Ym © gvwa∴| Avj¤^b (cÖwZfvM-wbwgË)
my®úófv‡e wP‡Ë gyw`ªZ bv nB‡j Ac©Yv Drcbœ nq bv| GBRb¨
Ac©Yv-wP‡Ëi Avj¤^b meŸ©`v Òwef‚ZÓ| Ac©Yv-wPË AZxe kvšÍ
¯^fve, webxeiY; Z‡×Zz Bnv Z`vj¤^‡b-Ave× nB‡Z cv‡i bv|
Ávb-wecÖhy³ wØ‡nZzK Reb A‡cÿvK…Z Aw¯’i ¯^fve ewjqv,
kvšÍ-¯^fve Ac©Yv-Re‡bi Dcwbkªq (KviY) nB‡Z cv‡i bv;
†mBRb¨ Ávb-m¤úÖhy³ wÎ‡nZzK KvgvePi-RebB Ac©Yvi
Dcwbkªq| ÒcwiK¤§©Ó bvgK Reb-wPËÿ‡Y kª×v, exh©¨, ¯§„wZ,
GKvMÖZv I cÖÁv-cÖ‡Z¨KwU mgZv cÖvß nq| ÒDcPviÓ bvg‡aq
Reb-wPËÿ‡Y, wPË Ac©Yvi mgxcPvix| ÒAby‡jvg-ÿ‡YÓ
Ac©Yv-DrcwËi hveZxq cÖwZK‚j Ae¯’v we`~wiZ nBqv, wPË
weï×, AbyKzj, Dc‡hvMx I Ac©Yv-en nq| PZz_© Reb
Ò†MvÎf‚-ÿ‡YÓ wPË KvgvePi-‡MvÎ ev c„_M&Rb-‡MvÎ Awff‚Z
Kwiqv, iƒcviƒc ev †jv‡KvËi-‡Mv‡Î Avwef‚©Z nBevi Rb¨,
Z`yc‡hvMx Avj¤^b MÖnY K‡i| Bnvi AeëwnZ cieË©x
Rebÿ‡YB Ac©Yv-a¨vb Drcbœ nq| BnvB Ac©Yv-Reb| Avw`-
K¤§©xi wPË GB cÂg Re‡bi ciB fev‡½ cwZZ nq| wÿcÖ ev
g›`-cÖvÁ cy˜Mjvbymv‡i Ac©Yv-Reb PZz_© ev cÂg wPËÿ‡Y
wbiæ× nq|
wewfbœ †e`bv-mnMZ Reb-wP‡Ëi g‡a¨ ci¯úi Av‡meb
(†cŠbtcywbK Af¨vm) nB‡Z cv‡i bv, GBRb¨ †mŠgbm¨-Re‡bi
∴
35k-36-k c„ôv `ªóe¨|
Dcwbkª‡qi †mŠgbm¨-Ac©Yv Drcbœ nq Ges D‡cÿv-Re‡bi

Dcwbkª‡q D‡cÿv-Ac©YvB Drcbœ nq|
ˆkÿ¨ I c„_M&R‡bi wbKU 32 cÖKvi †mŠgbm¨-mnMZ Ac©Yv
Drcbœ nq; Ges 12 cÖKvi D‡cÿv-mnMZ Kzkj-cÂg-a¨v‡bi
Ac©Yv Drcbœ nq|
wKš‘ exZivM An©‡Zi 14 cÖKvi Ac©Yv-Reb-wP‡Ëi g‡a¨,
8wU †mŠgbm¨-mnMZ Ávb-m¤úÖhy³ wµqv-Re‡bi Dcwbkª‡q
Ges 6wU D‡cÿv-mnMZ Ávb-m¤úÖhy³ wµqv-Re‡bi Dcwbkª‡q
Drcbœ nq| (123k-124k c„ôvi cv`-UxKv `ªóe¨)|
DcPvi ev †jvKxq a¨vb-exw_i b·v|
f b ` g K Pv by †Mv f f
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
Ac©Yv Reb-exw_i b·v|
f b ` g K Pv by †Mv a¨v f f
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
m‡¼Zv_©t- f= fev½, b= fev½-Pjb, `= fev‡½vc‡”Q`, g=
g‡bvØviveË©b, K= cwiK¤§©, Pv= DcPvi, by= Aby‡jvg, †Mv= †MvÎf‚, a¨v=
Ac©Yv-a¨vb|
Z`vj¤^b-K_vt- †Kvb Avj¤^b KzkjI b‡n, AKzkjI b‡n|
Z‡e Avj¤^b †h g‡bvig ev Ag‡bvig †eva nq, Zvnv Avj¤^‡bi
cÖwZ wP‡Ëi c~eŸ©vw¾©Z aviYv Abymv‡i| GB c~eŸ©-jä aviYv,
Dcw¯’Z Avj¤^‡bi ¯ú‡k©, wecvK-AvKv‡i Drcbœ nq| cÂ-
weÁvb, m¤úÖZx”Q, mšÍxiY I Z`vj¤^b-¯’v‡bi mwnZB GB
wecvK m¤^Üxf‚Z| Z‡e Reb-¯’v‡b Bnv bexf‚Z nq| †hB
Avj¤^b Kzkj-wecvK Drcbœ K‡i, ZvnvB Bó ev g‡bvig;
Bw”QZe¨ A‡_© Bó; evÃbxq| Awbw”QZe¨ A‡_© Awbó, AevÃbxq,
Ag‡bvig| evwÃZ nDK, ev AevwÃZ nDK wecvK ¯^ZtB Drcbœ

nq; Bó ev Awbó Avj¤^b wecvK-wPË‡K eÂbv Kwi‡Z cv‡i bv|
`c©Y¯’ gyL”Qwei Dci †hgb KvnviI †Kvb KË…©Z¡ bvB, Bnv
K¤§©R gyL-gÐ‡jiB cÖZxK, †Zgb GB Z`vj¤^b-wP‡Ëi DciI
KvnviI †Kvb AvwacZ¨ bvB,- Bnv †mB exw_¯’ Re‡biB Avï
cÖwZwµqv,- fev‡½ †hb DcwPZ nB‡Z hvB‡Z‡Q| Ges AeKvk
cvB‡j cÂ-weÁvbvw`‡Z ev cÖwZmwÜ-weÁvbvKv‡i cybt dj`vb
Kwi‡e|
†mŠgbm¨-mnMZ wP‡Ëi mwnZ, †mŠgbm¨ ev D‡cÿv-mnMZ
wecv‡KiB ÒAbšÍi-cÖZ¨qÓ, †`Š¤§©bm¨-mnMZ wecv‡Ki mwnZ
GB m¤^Ü nq bv| A_©vr †mŠgbm¨-wP‡Ëi Awe‡”Q‡` †`Š¤§©bm¨-
wecvK Drcbœ nq bv| GBRb¨ †mŠgbm¨ cÖwZmwÜ‡Ki (hvnvi
cÖwZmwÜ-wPË, myZivs fev½ †mŠgbm¨-mnMZ) †Kvb GK
wPËexw_‡Z hw` †`Š¤§©bm¨ Reb Drcbœ nq, Z‡e †mB †`Š¤§©bm¨-
Re‡bi Aemv‡b, Z`vj¤^‡bvrcwËi AbeKv‡k, Zr¯’‡j GK
wPËÿ‡Yi Rb¨ ÒD‡cÿv-mnMZ mšÍxiY-wPËÓ Drcbœ nq;
Zrci fev½-cvZ nq| C`„k D‡cÿv-mšÍxiY‡K ÒAvMš‘K-
fev½Ó ejv nq|
Z`vj¤^b-¯’v‡b `yB wPËÿwYK| `yB wPËÿ‡Yi AeKvk bv
nB‡j, Z`vj¤^b-wP‡ËvrcwË e¨ZxZ, Reb-¯’vb nB‡ZB fev½-
cvZ nq|
KvgvePi wP‡Ëi AwZgn`vj¤^‡bi cÖZ¨‡qB KvgvePi-wPË-
exw_‡Z Z`vj¤^‡bvrcwË m¤¢e| Ac©Yv-wPË-exw_ webxeiY ewjqv,
gn˜MZ I †jv‡KvË‡ii Avj¤^b ÒAwZ-gnrÓ ev Òwef‚ZÓ
nB‡jI Z_vq Z`vj¤^b-wecvK-wPË Drcbœ nq bv|
Reb-K_vt- GB MÖ‡š’i 36k c„ôvq cv`-UxKvq Ges 150
Zg c„ôvq Reb m¤^‡Ü wKwÂr Av‡jvwPZ nBqv‡Q| ÒRebÓ
k‡ãi avZ¡v_© Øviv Ò†eMÓ, ÒMgbÓ eySvB‡jI `vk©wbK A‡_© Bnv

wP‡Ëi †eM, wP‡Ëi MgbB eySvq| Avj¤^‡b wP‡Ëi Mgb A_©
mwµq fv‡e wP‡Ëi Avj¤^b Dcjw×| Ò†h MZ¨Ìv †Z ey×¨ÌvÓ|
m¤úÖZx”Q-wPË wbw®Œq fv‡e Avj¤^b MÖnY K‡i,- Bnv ¯^vaxbZv-
nxb, †mªvZ-evwnZ Kvô L‡Ði b¨vq; Bnv fvM¨, A`„ó| wKš‘
Reb-wPË Avj¤^b‡K mwµqfv‡e (Akwb †e‡M) MÖnY K‡i, Rv‡b
I eënvi K‡i| Bnv ¯^vaxb, Bnv cyiælKvi; Ges Kz¤¢x‡ii b¨vq
AbyK‚j-cÖwZK‚j †mªv‡Z Pjb-ÿg| GB Reb-¯’v‡b wPË ¯^vfvweK
Ae¯’vq 7 wPËÿY Avj¤^b Dcjwä K‡i| cÖ_g Reb Av‡me‡bi
(Af¨v‡mi) Afv‡e `yeŸ©j; wØZxq Reb wbR kw³ I cÖ_g Reb
nB‡Z cÖvß-kw³-ms‡hv‡M, cÖ_g Reb nB‡Z ejeËi| †mBiƒc
Z…Zxq Reb wØZxq Reb nB‡Z, Ges PZz_©, Z…Zxq nB‡Z
ejeËi| 5g, 6ô, 7g Reb cZ‡bvb¥yL ewjqv µgkt
`yeŸ©jZi| cÖ_g Re‡bi wecvK †mB R‡b¥B d‡j; dwjevi
AeKvk bv cvB‡j Dnv ÿxY-exR nBqv hvq| mßg Reb
cZ‡bvb¥yL nB‡jI cÖ_g Reb nB‡Z ejeËi| GBRb¨ Bnvi
wecvK; cieË©x R‡b¥ d‡j; †mB R‡b¥ dwjevi AbeKv‡k ÿxY-
exR nBqv hvq| g‡aï cuvP Re‡bi dj‡bvc‡hvMx kw³ eû kZ
mnmª Rxeb,øwbeŸv©Y bv cvIqv ch©¨šÍ, mÄxweZ _v‡K| Z‡e
BwZg‡a¨ wecixZ ev AbyK‚j K¤§© Øviv mwÂZ wecvK‡K cwieË©b
A_©vr n«vme×©b Kiv hvq| Ab¨ AvKv‡i ewj‡Z †M‡j GK
¯^fv‡ei Reb (K¤§©) hZB myMwVZ nB‡Z _v‡K, wecixZ
¯^fv‡ei wecvK-kw³ ZZB n«vm cvB‡Z _v‡K| Bnv bv nB‡j
Rx‡ei DbœwZ I gyw³ Am¤¢e nBZ| Re‡b Re‡b †h kw³-
mÂviY, Zvnv ÒAv‡meb-cÖZ¨qÓ| Av‡meb-cÖZ¨q K‡¤§© K‡¤§©
cÖZ¨q Ges ïay Reb¯’v‡b m¤úvw`Z nq| Kzkj-kw³ Kzkj-
RebB MÖnY Kwi‡Z cv‡i, AKzkj Reb Zvnv cv‡i bv| GBRb¨
†mŠgbm¨-Reb †mŠgbm¨-Ac©Yvi, D‡cÿv-Reb D‡cÿv-Ac©Yvi

DrcwËi mnvq| ÒRebÓ m¤^‡Ü Ab¨vb¨ K_v Abyev‡` wek`|
cy˜Mj-‡f‡` exw_-K_vt- wØ‡nZzK I wÎ‡nZzK, wPË m¤^‡Ü
31k c„ôv, Ges A‡nZzK-cÖwZmwÜ m¤^‡Ü 26k-27k c„ôv
`ªóe¨| A_©Kv‡iiv e‡jb wØ‡nZzK I A‡nZzK cÖwZmwÜ-wP‡Ëi
¯^fve ÒwecvKveiYÓ| A‡gvn ev cÖÁv‡nZzi Afv‡eB Dnv N‡U|
GBRb¨ hvnv‡ì cÖwZmwÜ-wPË wØ‡nZzK ev A‡nZzK, Zvnviv
Ac©Yv-Reb ev gn˜MZ-exw_ Drcv`b Kwi‡Z cv‡i bv,
†jv‡KvËi Z `~‡ii K_v| wµqv-Reb ïay An©‡Zi wPË| 30k-
40k, 44k c„ôv `ªóe¨| ïay Bnv b‡n; C`„k cÖwZmwÜK, hw`
Kvg-myMwZ‡Z Rb¥-MÖnY K‡i, Z‡e Ávb-m¤úÖhy³ Kzkj K‡¤§©i
wecvK Ges `yM©wZ‡Z Rwb¥‡j Ávb-wecÖhy³ gnvwecvKI †fvM
Kwi‡Z cv‡i bv| Bnv wVK& †hb DìvgqMÖ¯Í abxi jä-my‡fvR¨
Dc‡fv‡M AÿgZv| abxi Av‡ivM¨-‡Póv KË©e¨; Kzkjv_©xi
Kzkj-K¤§©‡K DrK…ó wÎ‡nZzK Kwievi †Póv Z‡ZvwaK KË©e¨|
An©‡Zi 44 exw_-wPËt- 23 KvgvePi wecvK, 20 wµqv-wPË,
1 AinZ¡ dj-wPË|
mß ˆk‡ÿï 56 exw_-wPËt- 4 `„wó-m¤úÖhy³ I 1 wewPwKrmv-
m¤úÖhy³-wPË ew¾©Z 7 AKzkj-wPË, 21 Kzkj-wPË, 23 Kvg-
wecvK, 3 dj-wPË, 2 AveË©b-wPË| wKš‘ we‡klZ¡ GB †h,
†mªvZvcbœ I mK…`vMvgx cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki 51 Ges AbvMvgxi 49 exw_-
wPË Drcbœ nq| cÖv¸³ 56 cÖKvi exw_-wPË nB‡Z 3 gv‡M©i
Kzkj I 2 dj-wPË ev` hvBqv †mªvZvc‡bœi 51 exw_-wPË Drcbœ
nq| Ges 2 cÖwZN, 2 gvM©-Kzkj I 1 AbvMvgx dj-wPË ev`
hvBqv mK…`vMvgxi 51 exw_ Drcbœ nq| 6 AKzkj (D×Z wPË
e¨ZxZ) I 1 AinZ¡-Kzkj ev` hvBqv AbvMvgxi 49 exw_ Drcbœ
nq|
Aewkó c„_M&R‡bi 17 †jvKxq Kzkj, 12 AKzkj, 23 Kvg

wecvK, 2 AveË©b, meŸ©ï× 54 exw_-wPË Drcbœ nq|
f‚wg-‡f‡` exw_-K_vt- 11 cÖKvi Kvgf‚wgi mË¡M‡Yi wbKU
Pÿz-‡kªvÎvw` Qq Øvi we`¨gvb| †mBRb¨ Zvnv‡ì wbKU Qq-
ØvwiK exw_-wPË Drcbœ nq| ïay 9 cÖKvi gn˜MZ wecvK Drcbœ
nq bv| GBRb¨ Kvg-f‚wg‡Z exw_-wP‡Ëi msL¨v Avkx|
16 cÖKvi iƒc-f‚wgi g‡a¨ ÒAmsÁ-mË¡-f‚wgÓ ev` hvBqv,
evKx 15 cÖKvi iƒcf~wg‡Z NªvY-wRnŸv-KvqØvwiK exw_-wPË
Drcbœ nq bv| AwaKš‘ cÖwZN-Reb I Z`vj¤^bI Drcbœ nq
bv| GB f‚wg‡Z 64 cÖKvi exw_-wPË Drcbœ nqt- 8 †jvf-wPË,
2 †gvn-wPË, 2 Pÿz-weÁvb, 2 †kªvÎ-weÁvb, 2 m¤úÖZx”Q, 3
mšÍxiY, 3 A‡nZzK-wµqv, 8 gnvKzkj, 8 gnvwµqv, 9 gn˜MZ
Kzkj, 9 gn˜MZwµqv Ges 8 †jv‡KvËi|
Aiƒc f‚wg‡Z cÂ-cÖmvìƒc bvB; Z¾b¨ wØcÂ-weÁvb,
g‡bvavZzwÎK, mšÍxiYÎq GB †lvj cÂØvwiK exw_-wPË Drcbœ
nB‡Z cv‡i bv| Kvg-f‚wg‡ZI Rb¥v‡Üi Pÿz-weÁvb, ewa‡ii
†kªvÎ-weÁvb Drcbœ nq bv| D³ 16 exw_-wPË e¨ZxZ 2 cÖwZN-
Reb, 8 gnvwecvK, 1 †mªvZvcwË-gvM©-wPË, 15 iƒcvePi wPË, 1
nmb wPË, 4 Aiƒc wecvKI Drcbœ nq bv| meŸ©‡gvU 47 wPË
Drcbœ nq bv,-42 exw_-wPË Drcbœ nqt- 8 †jvf-g~jK, 2
†gvn-g~jK, 1 g‡bvØviveË©b, 8 gnvKzkj, 8 gnvwµqv, 4
Aiƒc-Kzkj, 4 Aiƒc-wµqv, †mªvZvcwË-gvM©-wPË ew¾©Z 7
†jv‡KvËi| AvKvkvbšÍvqZb f‚wg‡ZB GB 42 exw_-wPË mg¯ÍB
Drcbœ nq| wKš‘ weÁvbvbšÍvqZb f‚wg‡Z GB 42 exw_-wPË
nB‡Z AvKvkvbšÍvqZ‡bi 1 Kzkj I 1 wµqv-wPË ev` hvBqv
evKx 40 exw_-wPË Drcbœ nq| GB cÖKv‡i c~eŸ© c~eŸ© AvqZ‡bi
Kzkj I wµqv-wPË ev` hvBqv AvwKÂbvqZbf‚wg‡Z 38 Ges

ˆbemsÁvbvmsÁvqZb f‚wg‡Z 36 exw_-wPË Drcbœ nq|
†Kvb GK f‡e cÖwZmwÜi ciB †mB cÖwZmwÜ-wPË 15 ev 16
wPË-ÿY fev½ve¯’vq _v‡K| Z`bšÍi Òfe-wbKwšÍÓ bvgK †jvf-
Reb-wPË g‡bvØvi-exw_‡Z Drcbœ nBqv, GB bexb Rb¥‡K
Awfb›`b K‡i I cybt fev‡½ cwZZ nq| BnvB GB bexb f‡ei
cÖ_g exw_| [wbKwšÍ A_© Òbw›ìvM-mnMZvÓ Z…òv| Bnvi ms¯‹…Z
cÖwZkã ÒwbKwšÍÓ]| GB cÖ_g exw_ nB‡Z Avi¤¢ Kwiqv QqØvwiK
wPË-exw_, f‚wg, cy˜Mj, Øvi I Avj¤^b Abymv‡i DrcwËi
Abyiƒ‡c, AvgiY, ïay fev½ Øviv cybt cybt LwÐZ nBqv, wbišÍi
cÖewË©Z nq| exw_i mwnZ fev‡½i Ges fev‡½i mwnZ exw_i
ÒAbšÍi cÖZ¨qÓ| Ges exw_¯’ wPË-ci¯úivi g‡aÏ ci¯úi
ÒAbšÍi-cÖZ¨qÓ m¤^Ü| myZivs †mB Awew`Z Avw` nB‡Z mË¡
we‡k‡li †h wPË-exw_ I fev½, fev½ I wPË-exw_ Awe‡”Q‡`
DwVqv cwoqv bexf‚Z myZivs cwiewË©Z nB‡Z nB‡Z cÖevwnZ
nB‡Z‡Q, Zvnv ïay An©‡Zi Pz¨wZ-wP‡ËB wPiZ‡i wb‡iva cÖvß
nq,- GB DVv-bvgvi wbeŸ©vY nq| GB ZË¡ meŸ©kt Ávb-‡MvPi
Kwievi †mŠfvM¨ nB‡j, Òkvk¦Z-D‡”Q`-AvÍev`-mrKvqÓ cÖf…wZ
hveZxq wg_¨v`„wó cÖnxY nBqv hvq| `„wó-wewPwKrmvi k¥kvbB
†jv‡KvË‡ii wmsn-Øvi|
exw_-msMÖ‡ni ms‡ÿcv_© eY©bv mgvß|
exw_-msMÖ‡ni Abykxjbx|
1| exw_-wPË I fev‡½ cv_©K¨ wK? cÂØvi-exw_i Lvm ¯’vb
I K…Z¨ wK wK? exw_i mwµq I wbw®Œq ¯’vb I K…Z¨ cÖ`k©b Ki|
2| ÒRebÓ ewj‡Z wK eywSqvQ? ÒRebÓ m¤^‡Ü hvnv hvnv
Rvb me ej| wØ‡nZzK cÖwZmwÜ‡Ki Ac©Yv-Reb Drcbœ nq bv
†Kb? †jv‡KvËi I gn˜MZ exw_i Reb m¤^‡Ü wK Rvb, mwe¯Ívi

eY©b Ki|
3| cÂ-ØvwiK I g‡bvØvwiK Avj¤^‡bi †kªYxfvM eY©b Ki|
cÖ‡Z¨K cÖKvi Avj¤^‡bi mwnZ Zrm¤úwK©Z exw_ eySvBqv ej|
4| AvMš‘K fev½ I g~j-fev½ m¤^‡Ü wK Rvb? †mŠgbm¨
cÖwZmwÜ‡Ki †`Š¤§©bm¨-Rebvemv‡b Z`vj¤^b DrcwËi m¤¢vebv
bv _vwK‡j, wPË †mvRvmywR g~j-fev‡½ cwZZ nB‡Z cv‡i wK?
DË‡ii KviY ej|
5| cy˜Mj I f‚wg‡f‡` exw_-wPË wbY©q Ki| exw_-wP‡Ëi
wb‡iva wKiƒ‡c I KLb nq? exw_-wPË PZzivh©¨ m‡Zï †Kvb&
m‡Zï AšÍM©Z?
cÂg cwi‡”Q`|
exw_-gy³ wPË-msMÖn|
1| m~Pbv-Mv_vt- cÖeË©b D`xwiZ exw_-wPËvKv‡i;
G‡e Kwn hZ me mwÜi e¨vcv‡i|
2| exw_-gy³ wPË-msMÖ‡ni Av‡jvP¨ welq PZzweŸ©a| Zvnv‡ì
cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki Avevi PvwiwU Kwiqv Dc‡kªYx Av‡Qtø
(1) PZzweŸ©a f‚wg; (2) PZzweŸ©a cÖwZmwÜ; (3) PZzweŸ©a K¤§©;
(4) PZzweŸ©a gi‡YvrcwË|
PZzweŸ©a f‚wg|
(K) Acvq-f‚wg; (L) Kvg-myMwZ f‚wg; (M) iƒcvePi f‚wg;
(N) AiƒcvePi f‚wg|
(K) Acvq-f‚wg1 cybiwc PZz×©vtø (1) wbiq-‡jvK; (2)

wZh©¨K-‡hvwb; (3) †cÖZ-welq; (4) Amyi-Kvq|
(L) Kvg-myMwZ f‚wgi mß ¯Íi2tø
1
cyY¨ RwbZ ÒAqÓ ev myL AcMZv‡_© ÒAcvqÓ; wbM©Zv‡_© ÒwbiqÓ| cvcevb
m‡Ë¡i DrcwË-¯’vb ewjqv Bnviv ÒAcvq-f‚wgÓ| hvnv‡ì †gi“`Ê †mvRv
D×©gyLx b‡n, wZh©¨K fv‡e c„w_exi mwnZ mgvš—ivj, ZvnviB ÒwZh©¨K-
RvwZÓ,cï-c¶x I RjPivw`| Aby¶Y ¶zr-wccvmvq cxwoZ Z…Zxq cÖKvi
AvcvwqK mË¡ Ò†cÖZÓ| myi-¸Y-weiwnZ AvcvwqK mË¡B Amyi; Bnviv eû †kªYx‡Z
wef³| A_©Kv‡iivI e‡jb †h, wbiq-‡jv‡Ki †fŠMwjK Ae¯’vb Av‡Q; †lvj
†kªYxi wbiq-evmx Aó gnvwbi‡q evm K‡i| wKš‘ †k‡lv³ AvcvwqK mË¡Î‡qi
wbwÏ©ó †Kvb f‚wg ev †jvK bvB| GBRb¨ Ò†hvwbÓ, ÒwelqÓ, ÒKvqÓ kã †hv‡M,
RvwZ, DrcwË¯’vb I mg~n ev †kªYx‡f‡` Zvnviv D³ nBqv‡Q|
2
(1) Pµevj¯’ meŸ©wea mË¡ nB‡Z meŸ©vwaK gbb-kw³ m¤úbœ I hyw³ev`x mË¡B
gbyl¨| gvbe-wPš—v e¨ZxZ Ab¨ m‡Ë¡i wPš—v ÒPZzivh©¨-mZ¨Ó gbb Kwi‡Z cv‡i
bv| KviY Acvqevmxiv gnv`yt‡L wbgMœ, ZvB `ytL wb‡iv‡avcvq wPš—v Kwievi
kw³ I Aemi Zvnv‡ì bvB| Zvnviv `ytL †fvM K‡i, wKš‘ Dnvi KviYvw` ey‡S
bv| iƒcviƒc mË¡M‡Yi Rxe‡b my‡Li fvM AZ¨š— †ekx| GRb¨ Zuvnviv `ytL-
gzw³i Avek¨KZv ey‡Sb bv| c¶vš—‡i, gbyl¨ myL-`ytL Df‡qi mg-Abyf‚wZ,
Z¾b¨ `ytL-gyw³i c_ gbbkxjB Avwe®‹vi K‡i| gbyl¨ †hgb iƒcviƒc I
†jv‡KvËi-wPË wbR wP‡Ë Drcbœ Kwi‡Z cv‡i, †Zgb PZzweŸ©a AvcvwqK m‡Ë¡i
nxb Ae¯’v cÖ`k©‡bI AcUz b‡n| Ab¨vb¨ f‚wg myK¤§©-`y®‹‡¤§©i dj †fv‡Mi ¯’vb|
gbyl¨-‡jvK K¤§©-m¤úv`‡biI ¯’vb| GBRb¨ gbyl¨-Rb¥ †è-Rb¥ nB‡ZI
`yj−©f|
(2) PvZz¤§©nvivwRK †èM‡Yi g‡a¨t-
ÒcyiwÌ‡gb aZiU&‡Vv, `K&wL‡Yb weiƒj&n‡Kv,
cw”Q‡gb weiƒcK&‡Lv, Kz‡e‡iv DËis w`ms|
PËv‡iv †Z gnvivRv †jvK-cvjv hmm&wm‡bv|
(3) kµ, cÖRvcwZ, ei“Y, Ckvb cÖf…wZ 33 Rb mn cyY¨Kvix †èZvi
evmf‚wgB Îqw¯¿sk †è‡jvK| (5) Zzwl‡Zi †èMY wecyj cwigv‡Y wbR wbR
kªx-m¤úwËØviv wbZ¨ üó Zzó wP‡Ë evm K‡ib| (4) g‰nk¦h©¨kvjx †èKz‡ji
bvgB hvg| g„ZzïvR hg nB‡Z Bnviv c„_K †èZv| (6) wbR wbR †fvM-m¤úwË
(1) gbyl¨-‡jvK; (2) PvZz¤§©nvivwRK †è‡jvK; (3)

Îqw¯¿sk †è‡jvK; (4) hvg †è‡jvK; (5) ZzwlZ †è‡jvK;
(6) wb¤§©vY-iwZ ‡è‡jvK; (7) ci-wbw¤§©Z-ekeË©x †è‡jvK|
c~‡eŸ©v³ Pvwi Acvq-f‚wg mn GKz‡b GB GKv`k KvgvePi-f‚wg
cwiMwYZ|
(M) iƒcvePi f‚wgi 16 cÖKvi ¯Íi1tø
cÖ_g a¨vb-f‚wg,ø (1) eªþ-cvwil`, (2) eªþ-cy‡ivwnZ, (3)
gnveªþv| wØZxq a¨vb-f‚wg,ø (4) cwiËvf, (5) AcÖgvYvf, (6)
Avfv¯î| Z…Zxq a¨vb-f‚wg,ø (7) cwiË-ïf (8) AcÖgvYïf,
(9) ïfvKxY©| PZz_© a¨vb-f‚wg,ø (10) e„nr-dj, (11) AmsÁ-
mË¡; Ges ï×vevm f‚wgi (12) Ae„nvt, (13) AZß, (14)
my`k©b, (15) my`k©x, I (16) AKwbô|
wb¤§©v‡Y iwZ Av‡Q ewjqv Bnviv wb¤§©vY-iwZ| (7) ciwbw¤§©Z-‡fvM-m¤úwË AvÍ-

ekeË©x Kwi‡Z cv‡ib ewjqv Bnv‡ì bvg ciwbw¤§©Z-ekeË©x|
1
a¨vbvw` DËg ¸Yvejx huvnv‡Z e„nr A_©vr gnè¯’v cÖvß nBqv‡Q, e„w× êcyj¨
cÖvß nBqv‡Q, wZwbB eªþv| gnveªþvi mfvm`-eªþ-cvwil`; ÒgnvÓ kãwU Dn¨|
gnveªþvi cy‡ivfv‡M w¯’Z ewjqv eªþ-cy‡ivwnZ| gnveªþv= eû mnmª GKPvix
eªþv| ÒgnvÓ GLv‡b msL¨vevPK; eû| †`nvfv mmxg ewjqv cwiËvf| Amxg
weavq AcÖgvYvf; Ges we”QywiZ nq ewjqvB Avf¯î| ïf-Nbxf‚Z I APj
iwk¥cyÄ| ZØviv AvKxY© ïfvKxY©|; cvVvš—‡i ïf-K…rø| D‡c¶v-a¨vb-e‡j
DrcwË †nZz Zuvnviv Awfew×©Z wecyj cyY¨-d‡ji AwaKvix, ZvB Zuvnviv Òe„nr-
djÓ| msÁv-weivM-fvebv †nZz Drcbœ iƒc-mË¡B AmsÁ-mË¡| KvgivM I
cÖwZNvbyk‡qi Ac‡bv`‡b ï×gbv AbvMvgx I An©‡Zi evmf‚wgB Òï×vevm-
f‚wgÓ| GB ï×vev‡mi cÖ_g Zjevmxiv AíKv‡ji g‡a¨ ¯^¯’vb cwiZ¨vM K‡ib
bv ewjqv Ae„nvt| wØZxq Zjevmxiv †Kvb wPË-cwi`vn Øviv Zß nb bv ewjqv
AZß| cwiï× cÖÁv-P¶zm¤úbœ †nZz myôziƒ‡c `k©b K‡ib ewjqv Z…Zxq
Zjevmxiv my`k©b| Ges myôzZiiƒ‡c `k©b †nZz ZrcieË©x Zjevmxiv my`k©x|
Ab¨ †Kvb f‚wgi Kwbô b‡nb ewjqv cÂg Zjevmxiv AKwbô| BnvivI AwbZ¨-
a¤§©v`xb|
(N) AiƒcvePi f‚wgi Pvwi ¯Íitø

(1) AvKvkvbšÍvqZb; (2) weÁvbvbšÍvqZb; (3)
AvwKÂbvqZb; (4) ˆbemsÁv-bvmsÁvqZb|
3| ¯§viK-Mv_vt- ewÂZ c„_M&Rb ï×vevm-f‚wg,
†mBiƒc †mªvZvcbœ, mK…r-AvMvgx|
AmsÁ, Acvq-f‚wg Avh©¨-Awelq;
evKx f‚wg Avh©¨vbvh©¨ meŸ©-jä nq|
GB ch©¨šÍ f‚wg PZzóq|
4| PZzweŸ©a cÖwZmwÜ|
PZzweŸ©a cÖwZmwÜtø (1) Acvq-cÖwZmwÜ; (2) Kvg-myMwZ-
cÖwZmwÜ; (3) iƒcvePi cÖwZmwÜ; (4) AiƒcvePi cÖwZmwÜ|
Zb¥‡a¨ Kvg-‡jvK-cÖwZmwÜtø ÒD‡cÿv-mnMZ mšÍxiYÓ1
bvgK AZx‡Zi AKzkj wecvK Acvq-f‚wg‡Z, cÖwZmwÜ-ÿ‡Y,
cÖwZmwÜ MÖnY K‡i; Zrci fev½; Ges ch©ëmv‡b Pz¨wZ-wPË
nBqv wQbœ nq| BnvB GK cÖKvi Acvq-cÖwZmwÜ|
wKš‘ ÒD‡cÿv-mnMZ mšÍxiYÕ(1) bvgK AZx‡Zi Kzkj-
wecvK, Kvg-myMwZ‡Z, Rb¥vÜvw` gbyl¨M‡Yi I f‚g¨vwkªZ wbæ
†kªYxi Amyivwì cÖwZmwÜ, fev½ I Pz¨wZi AvKv‡i cÖewË©Z nq|
Aówea gnvwecvK(2) meŸ©ve¯’vq, Kvg-myMwZ‡Z cÖwZmwÜ,
fev½ I Pz¨wZi AvKv‡i cÖewË©Z nq| GB bq cÖKvi Kvg-myMwZ
cÖwZmwÜ, D³ Acvq-cÖwZmwÜ mn `kwea KvgvePi-cÖwZmwÜ
ewjqv cwiMwYZ|
1
3q c„ôv 7g wPË; (1) H 15k wPË; (2) 4_© c„ôvi 9g-16k wPË|
KvgvePi m‡Ë¡i Avqy®‹vjtø

Pvwi Acvq¯’ m‡Ë¡i, Ges gby‡lï I we-wbcvwZK Amy‡ii
Avqy®‹v‡ji †Kvb wbwÏ©ó wbqg bvB1|
PvZz¤§©nvivwRK †èM‡Yi Avqyi cwigvY wè¨-‡jv‡Ki MYb-
ixwZ Abymv‡i 500 ermi; wKš‘ gvby‡li el©-MYbvq
90,00,000 beŸB jÿ ermi*| Dnvi PZz¸©Y Îqw¯¿s‡ki;
Zvnvi PZz¸©Y hv‡gi; Zvnvi PZz¸©Y Zzwl‡Zi; Zvnvi PZz¸©Y
wb¤§©vY-iwZi Zvnvi PZz¸©Y ciwbw¤§©Z-ekeË©xi Avqy®‹vj|
5| ¯§viK-Mv_v- bqkÕ GKzk †KvwU QÕwbhyZ el©,
GB ciekeË©x-‡è-Avqy-kxh©|
6| iƒcviƒc-cÖwZmwÜ|
iƒcvePi cÖwZmwÜtø cÖ_g a¨v‡bi wecvK, cÖ_g a¨vb-
f‚wg‡Z, cÖwZmwÜ, fev½ I Pz¨wZi AvKv‡i cÖewË©Z nq| Z`ªƒc
wØZxq a¨v‡bi wecvK Ges Z…Zxq a¨v‡bi wecvK wØZxq-a¨vb-
f‚wg‡Z,øPZz_© a¨v‡bi wecvK Z…Zxq a¨vb-f‚wg‡Z,øcÂg a¨v‡bi
wecvK PZz_© a¨vb-f‚wg‡Z-cÖwZmwÜ, fev½ I Pz¨wZi AvKv‡i
cÖewË©Z nq|
wKš‘ AmsÁ mË¡M‡Yi ïay iƒ‡ci (kix‡ii) cÖwZmwÜ nq|
Z`ªƒc Zvic‡iI A_©vr cÖeË©bKv‡j Ges Pz¨wZi mgqI ïay iƒcB
cÖewË©Z I wbiæ× nq|
BnvB iƒcveP‡ii Qq cÖKvi cÖwZmwÜ|
1
Acvq¯’ mË¡M‡Yi Avqy K¤§©vbymv‡i nBqv _v‡K| †hB K¤§© e‡j Rb¥ nq, hver
†mB K¤§©ej ¶q bv nq, Zver Z_vq `yM©wZ †fvM K‡i| Amyi m¤^‡ÜI Z`ªƒc;
†Kn mßvn Kvj, †Kn Kí ch©¨š— Z_vq evm K‡i| gbyl¨ m¤^‡ÜI GB wbqg|
wKš‘ gvby‡li g‡a¨ whwb `xN©-Rxwe wZwb kZel© ev Z‡ZvwaK Kvj euvwP‡Z cv‡ib,
wKQy‡ZB `yB kZ el© euvwP‡Z †`Lv hvq bv| *gbyl¨ †jv‡Ki cÂvk erm‡i
PvZz¤§©nvivwRK †è †jv‡Ki GKw`b|
iƒc-m‡Ë¡i Avqy®‹vj|
GB eªþ-cvwil‡ì Avqy®‹vj GK K‡íi1 Z…Zxqvsk| eªþ-
cy‡ivwn‡Zi A×©-Kí; gnveªþvi GK Kí| cwiËv‡fi `yB Kí;
AcÖgvYv‡fi Pvwi Kí; Avf¯^‡ii Aó Kí; cwiËï‡fi †lvj
Kí; AcÖgvY-ï‡fi ewÎk Kí; ïfvKx‡Y©i †PŠlwÆ Kí; e„nr-
d‡ji Ges AmsÁ-mË¡M‡Yi cuvP kZ Kí|
Ae„nvi Avqy®‹vj GK mnmª Kí; AZ‡ßi `yB mnmª Kí;
my`k©‡bi Pvwi mnmª Kí; my`k©xi AvU mnmª Kí; Ges AKwb‡ôi
†lvj mnmª Kí|
Aiƒc-‡jv‡Ki cÖwZmwÜ|
Aiƒc-‡jv‡Ki cÖ_g-a¨v‡bi wecvK cÖ_g Aiƒc f‚wg‡Z Ges
ZrcieË©x wecvK mg~n, h_vµ‡g, ZrcieË©x f‚wg mg~‡n
cÖwZmwÜ, fev½ I Pz¨wZi AvKv‡i cÖewË©Z nq| BnvB PZzweŸ©a
AiƒcvePi-cÖwZmwÜ|
Aiƒc m‡Ë¡i Avqy®‹vj|
Bnv‡ì g‡a¨ AvKvkvbšÍvqZb-cÖvß †èM‡Yi Kzwo nvRvi
Kí Avqy-cÖgvY; weÁvbvbšÍvqZb-cÖvß †èM‡Yi Pwjøk nvRvi
Kí; AvwKÂbvqZb cÖvß †èM‡Yi lvU nvRvi Kí Ges
ˆbemsÁv-bvmsÁvqZb-cÖvß †èM‡Yi Avqy-cÖgvY Pzivwk-nvRvi
Kí|
1
iƒc-‡jv‡K †Kvb m~h©¨ bvB ewjqv wèv ivÎ †fÌ bvB| ZÎ¯’ †èM‡Yi Avqy
Kí Øviv cwiwgZ nq| Kí Avevi kix‡ii cwigv‡Yi Dci wbf©i K‡i| eªþ-
cvwil` †èM‡Yi kixi-cwigvY A×© †hvRb; Avqy®‹vjI A×© Kí| AKwb‡ôi
kixi-cÖgvY mnmª †hvRb, Avqy®‹vjI mnmª Kí|
7| ¯§viK-Mv_vt- cÖwZmwÜ, fe-A½, Pz¨wZ-wPË Avi,

f‚wg, RvwZ, m¤úÖhy³-a¤§©, ms¯‹vi,
Avj¤^‡b, GK f‡e m`v GKvKvi|
G ch©¨šÍ PZzweŸ©a cÖwZmwÜ|
8| PZzweŸ©a K¤§©|
K| K…Z¨vbymv‡i K¤§© PZzweŸ©atø
(1) RbK; (2) Dc¯Í¤¢K; (3) DccxoK; (4) DcNvZK|
L| cÖwZmwÜ-ÿ‡Y dj-cÖ`v‡bi ch©¨vq-Abymv‡i K¤§©
PZzweŸ©atø
(1) ¸iæ K¤§©; (2) giYvmbœ K¤§©; (3) AvPwiZ K¤§©; (4)
K…ZZ¡ K¤§©|
M| cÖeË©‡bi dj-cÖ`v‡bi Kvj Abymv‡i K¤§© PZzweŸ©atø
(1) BnRxe‡b dj Abyfebxq,øÒ`„ó-a¤§©-‡e`bxqÓ|
(2) wVK& cieË©x Rxe‡b dj Abyfebxq,øÒDcc`¨
†e`bxqÓ|
(3) cieË©x wØZxq Rb¥ nB‡Z †h †Kvb R‡b¥ dj
Abyfebxq,øÒAci ch©¨vq †e`bxqÓ|
(4) Òf‚Zc~eŸ© K¤§©Ó,øhvnvi dj-cÖ`vb-kw³ GK mgq
ÒwQjÓ,øGLb ÒÿxY-exRÓ|
N| dj-cÖ`v‡bi ¯’vb Abymv‡itø
(1) AKzkj; (2) KvgveP‡i dj` Kzkj; (3) iƒcveP‡i
dj` Kzkj Ges (4) AiƒcveP‡i dj` Kzkj|
Dc‡iv³ AKzkj K¤§©-Øvivbymv‡i wÎweatø Kvq-K¤§©, evK&-
K¤§©, gbt-K¤§©| Zvnv wKiƒ‡c cÖ‡f`xK…Z?
cÖvYvwZcvZ, A`Ë-MÖnY, wg_¨vKvgvPvi1 eûj cwigv‡Y Kvq-

Øv‡i m¤úvw`Z nq ewjqv, Kvqvi ga¨ w`qv Awfe¨w³ cvq;
GBRb¨ GB wÎwea K‡¤§©i mvaviY bvg ÒKvq-K¤§©Ó|
wg_¨vevK¨, wcïb-evK¨, ciæl-evK¨ Ges m¤úÖjvc-evK¨,
evK&-Øv‡i eûj cwigv‡Y m¤úvw`Z nq ewjqv, ev‡Kï ga¨ w`qv
Zvnviv cÖKvwkZ nq; GBRb¨ Bnviv ÒevK&K¤§©Ó|
Awfa¨v, e¨vcv` I wg_¨v`„wó2 Ab¨Î (Kvq I evK&Øv‡i)
weÁwßi AvKv‡i3 cÖKvwkZ nB‡jI4 g‡bB (Reb-wP‡Ë) eûj
cwigv‡Y Drcbœ nq; GBRb¨ GB wZbwU ÒgbtK¤§©Ó|
[1] Bnv‡ì g‡a¨ cÖvYvwZcvZ, ciæl-evK¨ I e¨vcv` †Øl-
g~jK; wg_¨vKvgvPvi, Awfa¨v Ges wg_¨v-`„wó †jvf-g~jK|
Aewkó PvwiwUI `yB g~j nB‡ZI5 Drcbœ nq| (18k-19k c„ôv
`ªóe¨)|
wP‡Ëi DrcwË-Abymv‡i †kªYxfvM Kwi‡j GB `kwea AKzkj-
K¤§© Øv`k cÖKvi6 nq|
1
`k AKzkj K‡¤§© ÒmyivcvbÓ M„nxZ nq bvB †Kb? g~j UxKvq D³
Av‡Q,Òmyivcvbs wc G‡Ìe m½hn&ZxÕwZ| im m•Lv‡Zmy Kv‡gmy wg”QvPvi-
fve‡ZvÕwZ eyËsÓ|
2
74-75 c„ôvq Awfa¨v, 77 c„ôvq e¨vcv`, 75-76 c„ôvq wg_¨v`„wói A_©
`ªóe¨|
3
weÁwßi AvKv‡i,A_©vr KvqØv‡i Bw½Z-Bmvivq, evK&Øv‡i evK¨vKv‡i| weÁwß
m¤^‡Ü 6ô cwi‡”Q` `ªóe¨|
4
ÒnB‡jIÓ kã Øviv Bnv eySvB‡Z‡Q †h, gbt K¤§©-ï× g‡b Ave× _v‡K bv,
Kvqvq I ev‡K¨ Awfe¨³ nq|
5
ÒnB‡ZIÓ k‡ãi ÒIÓ Øviv `k AKzk‡ji Z…Zxq g~j Ò†gvn‡KÓ D‡Ïk
Kwi‡Z‡Q|
6
[2] KvgvePi KzkjI K¤§©-Øvivbymv‡i wÎweatø Kvq-Øv‡i

Drcbœ nB‡j Kvq-K¤§©; evK&-Øv‡i Drcbœ nB‡j evK-K¤§© Ges
g‡bvØv‡i Drcbœ nB‡j gbt-K¤§©| `vb-kxj-fvebvi AvKv‡iI
Z`ªƒc wÎwea| wKš‘ wP‡Ëi DrcwË-Abymv‡i hw` †kªYx wefvM Kiv
nq, Z‡e Aówea1| A_ev cybivq, K‡¤§©i AvKv‡i `k cÖKvitø
(1) `vb, (2) kxj, (3) fvebv, (4) AcPvqb, (5) êqve„Z¨
(6) cyY¨`vb, (7) cyb¨vby‡gv`b, (8) a¤§©-kªeY, (9) a‡¤§©vc‡`k,
(10) `„wó-FRy K¤§©2| GB Øv`k AKzkj3 Ges Aó gnvKzkj4
GKz‡b wek wPË KvgveP‡ii K¤§© ewjqv cwiMwYZ|
iƒcvePi-Kzkj ïay gbtK¤§©| Zvnv fvebvgq (wP‡Ëi DrKl©-
mvab) Ges Ac©Yv-Reb-mshy³| a¨vbv½vbymv‡i Bnv cÂwea5|
†mBiƒc AiƒcvePi-Kzkj gbtK¤§©| ZvnvI fvebvgq (wP‡Ëi
DrKl©-mvab) Ges (cÂga¨v‡bi) Ac©Yv-Reb-mshy³| Avj¤^b-
‡f‡` Bnv PZzweŸ©a6|
1
2q c„ôvi 1-12 AKzkj wPË|
2
AcPvqb= ¸Y-‡kªô I e‡qv †R¨ô‡K m¤§vb, c~Rv| fvebv= kg_ I we`k©b|
êqvK…Z¨= †mev, cwiPh©¨v, wb‡Ri Kv‡Ri b¨vq †`‡ki I `‡ki KvR Kiv|
Aw¾©Z cyY¨ Rb-mvaviY‡K wejvBqv †Ìqv cyY¨-`vb; Bnv gvrm‡h©ï cÖwZc¶|
Avb›` wP‡Ë A‡bï m¤úvw`Z cyY¨K‡¤§©i cÖksmvB, cyY¨vby‡gv`b| wnZKi
Dc‡`k g‡bv‡hvM c~eŸ©K kªeY I ¯§„wZ‡Z msi¶YB a¤§©-kªeY| Abwfgvb wP‡Ë
a‡¤§©vc‡`k `vb, wbie`¨ K¤§©-wkí-we`¨v-welqK Av‡jvPbv a¤§©-‡`kbv| mg¨K&
`„wó-A¾©bB `„wó-FRy K¤§©| D³ 2, 4, 5, kx‡ji Aš—M©Z| 3, 8, 9, 10
fvebvi Aš—M©Z Ges 1, 6, 7 `v‡bi ch©¨vqf‚³|
3
2q c„ôvi (1-12) `ªóe¨|
4
4_© c„ôvi (1-8) `ªóe¨|
5
38 k c„ôvi `ªóe¨|
6
43 k c„ôvi `ªóe¨|
J×Z¨-m¤úÖhy³1 AKzkjwU e¨ZxZ Aewkó (GKv`k) AKzkj

Acvq-f‚wg‡Z cÖwZmwÜ Rb¥vq| Ges cÖeË©bKv‡j Øv`k cÖKvi
AKzkj mg¯ÍB, mßwea AKzkj-wecv‡Ki AvKv‡i2 Kvg‡jv‡Ki
(myMwZ-`yM©wZ) meŸ©Î Ges iƒc-‡jv‡K h‡_vwPZ fv‡e (ev¯‘-
Øvivbymv‡i) Drcbœ nq|
KvgvePi KzkjI Kvg-myMwZ‡ZB cÖwZmwÜ Rb¥vq| Ges
cÖeË©b-Kv‡jI Z`ªƒc gnvwecvK ivwk Drcbœ K‡i| wKš‘ A‡nZzK
wecvK AvUwUB Kvg‡jv‡Ki meŸ©Î I iƒc‡jv‡K h‡_vwPZ fv‡e
Drcbœ nq| †mB KvgvePi Kzk‡ji g‡a¨ wÎ‡nZzK DrK…ó Kzkj3
wÎ‡nZzK cÖwZmwÜ (cÖ_g) NUvq; Ges †mB cÖeË©b-Kv‡jB †lvj
cÖKvi wecvK (8 m‡nZzK + 8 A‡nZzK) Drcbœ K‡i| wÎ‡nZzK
wbK…ó I wØ‡nZzK DrK…ó Kzkj wØ‡nZzK cÖwZmwÜ NUvq; Ges
†mB cÖeË©b-Kv‡j wÎ‡nZz weiwnZ Øv`k wecvK (8 A‡nZzK + 4
wØ‡nZzK) Drcbœ K‡i| wØ‡nZzK wbK…ó Kzkj A‡nZzK cÖwZmwÜ
NUvq Ges †mB cÖeË©b-Kv‡j (8 cÖKvi) A‡nZzK wecvKB Drcbœ
K‡i|
1
2q c„ôvq D‡j−wLZ †gvng~jK ÒD‡c¶v mnMZ J×Z¨ m¤úÖhy³Ó AKzkj
wPËwU|
2
3q c„ôvi 1-7 AKzkj-wecvK wPË|
3
Kzkj K¤§© m¤úv`b Kv‡j †hgb GKw`‡K wPË‡K AvÍ-cÖksmv I ciwb›`v nB‡Z
i¶v Kiv Avek¨K, †Zgb Ab¨w`‡K †mB Kzk‡ji mydj-DrcwË m¤^‡Ü ejeZx
kª×viI cÖ‡qvRb| C`„kfv‡e, cybt cybt m¤úv`‡b, Kzkj K¤§© DrK…óZv cÖvß nq,
wei“× kw³ Øviv Bnvi wecvK-DrcwË e¨vnZ nq bv| †hB Kzkj m¤úv`‡bi
mgq, wPË AKzkj-fve-cwi‡ewóZ _v‡K, wP‡Ë weiw³, Aby‡kvPbv Drcbœ nq, ev
MZvbyMwZK fveB we`¨gvb _v‡K, kª×vI `yeŸ©j _v‡K, †mB Kzkj ÒAegÓ ev
wbK…ó †kªYxi| wbK…ó Kzk‡ji wecvK `yeŸ©j| cÖwZc¶ Øviv Bnvi DrcwË i“×
nBevi m¤¢vebv _v‡K|
†Kvb †Kvb AvPv‡h©ï AwfgZ GB †h, Amvs¯‹vwiK Kzkj

mmvs¯‹vwiK wecvKivwk Drcbœ K‡i bv; Ges mmvs¯‹vwiK Kzkj
Amvs¯‹vwiK wecvKivwk Drcbœ K‡i bv| †mB gZ MÖnY Kwi‡j
Dc‡iv³ cÖYvjx Abymv‡i wecvK msL¨v [16, 12, 8 ¯’‡j]
h_vµ‡g 12, 10, 8 nq|
10| iƒcvePi Kzkj cÖ_g-a¨vb Aí cwigv‡Y fvebv Kwi‡j
fvebvKvix eªþ-cvwil‡` Drcbœ nb| Dnvi ga¨g cwigv‡Y
fvebvq eªþ-cy‡ivwn‡Z Ges DËgi‡c fvebvq gnveªþ-‡jv‡K
Drcbœ nb1|
†mBiƒc wØZxq I Z…Zxq a¨v‡bi Aí cwiwgZ fvebvq
cwiËv‡f; ga¨g fvebvq AcÖgvYv‡f; Ges DrK…ó fvebvq
Avf¯î †è‡jv‡K Drcbœ nb|
PZz_© a¨v‡bi Aí fvebvq cwiË-ï‡f, ga¨g fvebvq
AcÖgvY-ï‡f Ges DrK…ó fvebvq ïfvKxY© †è‡jv‡K Drcbœ
nb|
cÂg a¨vb fvebv Øviv Òe„nr-djÓ †è‡jv‡K Ges msÁvi
cÖwZ weivM Drcv`b D‡Ï‡k¨ GB a¨vb fvebv Øviv AmsÁm‡Ë¡
Drcbœ nb| wKš‘ Òï×vev‡mÓ ïay AbvMvgxiv Drcbœ nb2|
whwb AiƒcvePi Kzkj h_vµ‡g fvebv K‡ib, wZwb
(Z`byµ‡g PZzweŸ©a) Aiƒc-f‚wg‡Z Drcbœ nb|
1
a¨vb-jv‡fi ci cybt cybt Af¨vm (Av‡meb) bv Kwi‡j cwiË ev Aí;
Acwic~Y© Af¨v‡m ga¨g; Ges meŸ©kt cwic~Y© Af¨vm Øviv a¨vb DËgve¯’v cÖvß
nq|
2
AbvMvgxi g‡a¨ cÂg a¨vwb‡KivB ï×vev‡m Ges Zwbœæ a¨vwb‡Kiv Zwbœæ f‚wg‡Z
Drcbœ nb|
11| ¯§viK-Mv_vt- gn˜MZ cyY¨ K…Z nq †hB f‚‡g,

Zv`„k wecvK d‡j mwÜ-cÖeË©‡b|
GB ch©¨šÍ K¤§©PZzóq|
12| gi‡YvrcwË|
Avqyÿq, K¤§©ÿq Avqy-K¤§© Df‡qi hyMcr ÿq Ges
Dc‡”Q`K K¤§©,ø GB Pvwi Kvi‡Y g„Zy¨ msNwUZ nq| GB
cÖKv‡i hvnviv gi‡Yv¤§yL, Zvnv‡ì giY-Kv‡j, K¤§©-e‡j,
QqØv‡ii †Kvb GKwU‡Z, Ae¯’vbymv‡itø
(1) cieË©x f‡ei AwfgyLxf‚Z cÖwZmwÜRbK ÒK¤§©Ó Dcw¯’Z
1
nq | A_ev-
(2) †mB K¤§©-m¤úv`bKvjxb hv`„k iƒc, kã, MÜvw` Abyf‚Z
nBqvwQj, ev m¤úv`‡bi DcKiY nBqvwQj, †mB ÒK¤§©-wbwgËÓ
Dcw¯’Z nq| A_ev-
(3) †hB AbšÍi f‡e Rb¥-MÖnY Kwi‡Z hvB‡Z‡Q, †mB
Drc`¨gvb f‡e Dcjfbxq (`yMw© Z) wbwgË ev Dc‡fvM¨ (myMwZ)
wbwgË Dcw¯’Z nq|
Zrci, Avmbœ wPËw¯’Z †mB Avj¤^b‡K wbf©i Kwiqv Awew”Qbœ
wPË- mšÍwZ,øDnv cwiï× nDK ev Dc‡K¬khy³
nDK,ødj‡bvb¥yL K‡¤§©i AvKv‡i Ges MšÍe¨ f‡ei Abyiƒ‡c,
†mB fevwfgy‡L cÖewË©Z nq| ïay cybR©b¥-Drcv`bÿg K¤§©B,
wbR‡K Avevi Drcbœ Kwievi Rb¨, (wbwgËvKv‡i) †Kvb GK
Øv‡i Dcw¯’Z nq|
1
ÒK¤§©Ó Dcw¯’Z nq= wZwb g‡b K‡ib †hb wZwb wb‡R †mB K¤§© m¤úv`b
Kwi‡Z‡Qb| 28 k c„ôv I 109 c„ôv `ªóe¨|
GBiƒ‡c gi‡Yvb¥yL m‡Ë¡i wbKU giYvmbœ-exw_-wPËvemv‡b,

A_ev-fev½-ÿ‡q, Pz¨wZ-wPË,øeË©gvb f‡ei †kl wPËve¯’v-
Drcbœ nq I wbiæ× nq| GB Pz¨wZ-wP‡Ëi wb‡ivavemv‡b Ges
wb‡iv‡ai AbšÍ‡i, †mB giYvmbœ-wPË-M„nxZ Avj¤^b‡K wbf©i
Kwiqv, f‡e f‡e ms‡hvMKvix ÒcÖwZmwÜ-wPËÓ Drcbœ nBqvB
h_v‡hvM¨1 cieË©x f‡e cÖwZwôZ nq| GB cÖwZmwÜ-wP‡Ëi,
Kvg‡jv‡K ev iƒc‡jv‡K, ev¯‘ _v‡K; Aiƒc‡jv‡K ev¯‘ _v‡K bv|
GB cÖwZmwÜ-wPË †mB me ms¯‹vi Øviv Drcbœ nq, hvnviv
Awe`¨vbyk‡q Ave„Z, hvnviv fe-Z…òvbykq g~jK, hvnviv (¯úk©,
†e`bvw`) m¤úÖhy³ ˆPZwmK Øviv cwi‡cvwlZ Ges hvnviv
mnRvZ bvgiƒ‡ci Awaôvb †ÿÎ ewjqv AwabvqK ¯îƒc|
13| cÖwZmwÜ|
giYvmbœ exw_‡Z Reb-wPË (wPË I ev¯‘i `yeŸ©jZv †nZz)
`yeŸ©jfv‡e Drcbœ nq; Ges cuvP wPËÿY gvÎ Avkv Kiv hvB‡Z
cv‡i| †mBRb¨ gi‡Yi mgq wPË-exw_‡Z hLb Avj¤^b cÖK…Z
cÖ¯vÍ ‡e Dcw¯’Z nq, ZLb cÖwZmwÜ-wP‡Ëi Ges fev‡½i
K‡qKÿY H Dcw¯’Z Avj¤^b MÖn‡Yi †hvM¨ Ae¯’v cÖvß nq| GB
Kvi‡Y Kvg‡jv‡K cÖwZmwÜ MÖn‡Yi mgq Qq Øv‡ii †h †Kvb GK
Øv‡ii mvnv‡h¨ eË©gvb ev AZxZ Avj¤^bvKv‡i ÒK¤§©-wbwgËÓ ev
ÒMwZ-wbwgËÓ Dcjä nq| wKš‘ ÒK¤§©Ó ïay AZxZ Avj¤^bvKv‡i
1
h_vins= h‡_vwPZ A_©vr myMwZ ev `yM©wZ-Mvgx ms¯‹vi Dc‡hvMx| Aiƒ‡ci
Pz¨wZ‡Z D×©Zb Aiƒ‡c, ev wÎ‡nZzK Kvg-myMwZ‡Z Rb¥ nq, wbæZi Aiƒ‡c Rb¥
nq bv| iƒc‡jvK nB‡Z Pz¨Z nB‡j A‡nZzK cÖwZmwÜ nq bv| wØ ev wÎ‡nZzK
cÖwZmwÜ nq| Kvg‡jv‡Ki wÎ‡nZz‡Ki Pz¨wZ‡Z wZb f‡eB Rb¥ nB‡Z cv‡i; wKš‘
wØ ev wÎ‡nZz‡Ki Pz¨wZ‡Z Kvg‡jv‡KB cÖwZmwÜ nq|
GKgvÎ g‡bvØv‡iB M„nxZ nq| Dc‡iv³ mg¯ÍB KvgveP‡ii

Avj¤^b|
iƒcveP‡ii cÖwZmwÜi mgq cÖÁwßi AvKv‡i ÒK¤§©-wbwgËÓ
Avj¤^b nq| †mBiƒc AiƒcveP‡ii cÖwZmwÜi mgq gn˜M‡Zi
AvKv‡i ev cÖÁwßi AvKv‡i ÒK¤§©-wbwgËÓ h_v‡hvM¨ (cÖwZmwÜ-
wPËvbyiƒc) Avj¤^b nq|
ïay RxweZ-beKB1 cÖwZmwÜi AvKv‡i AmsÁ mË¡M‡Yi g‡a¨
Avwef‚©Z (cÖwZwôZ) nq| †mRb¨ Zvnvw`M‡K ÒiƒcmwÜKÓ ejv
nq|
Aiƒc‡jv‡K hvnv‡ì cÖwZmwÜ nq Zvnviv Aiƒc cÖwZmwÜK|
Aewk‡óiv iƒcviƒc cÖwZmwÜK|
14| ¯§viK-Mv_vt- Aiƒc nB‡Z †Kn Pz¨Z nq h‡e,
wb‡æi Aiƒc Z¨wRÕ E×©viƒc j‡f2;
wKsev wÎ‡nZzK Kv‡g cÖwZmwÜ n‡e|
iƒ‡c Pz¨wZ j‡f mwÜ A‡nZz ew¾©Z;
(ZvB wØ ev wÎ‡nZzK RvwbI wbqZ)|
Kv‡g wÎ‡nZzK-Pz¨wZ R‡b¥ meŸ© f‡e;
Aci †nZzi d‡j ïay Kvg-j‡f|
GB ch©¨šÍ Pz¨wZ I cÖwZmwÜi µg|
15| fev½-‡mªvZ|
GBiƒ‡c hvnviv cÖwZmwÜ MÖnY Kwiqv‡Q (wbeŸ©vY-cÖvß nq
bvB), Zvnv‡ì †mB cÖwZmwÜ-wPË, †mB mg‡qi M„nxZ Avj¤^b
iÿv Kwiqv, cÖwZmwÜi cieË©x ÿY nB‡Z Awew”Qbœ gvbmvKv‡i,
1
lô cwi‡”Q‡ì iƒc-Kjvc `ªóe¨| Rxwe‡Zw›`ªq Ges ï×vóKiƒcB RxweZ
beK|
2
D×©Zi Aiƒc-a¨vb-wP‡Ë Zwbœæ¯’ Aiƒc-wecvK ¶xY-exR nBqv hvq|
exw_-wP‡ËvrcwËi Abycw¯’wZ‡Z, b`x-‡mªv‡Zi b¨vq cÖevwnZ

nB‡Z _v‡K| Geswea wPË-cÖevnB Òfev½-mšÍwZÓ, KviY BnvB
f‡ei A½ ev KviY| cwi‡k‡l Pëb (giY) cÖfv‡e Pz¨wZ-wPË
nBqv (Avj¤^b cwiZ¨vM Kwiqv) wbiæ× nq| Zrci cÖwZmwÜ
cÖf…wZ i_-P‡µi b¨vq AvewË©Z nB‡Z nB‡Z cÖevwnZ nB‡Z
_v‡K|
16| ¯§viK-Mv_vt- GB f‡e cÖwZmwÜ, fev½, exw_ I Pz¨wZ,
fevšÍ‡i cybt mwÜ, fev½vw`, MÖwnÕixwZ
G wPË-mšÍwZ e‡n AvewË©qv AbyÿY;
Giƒ‡c ÒAaªæeÓ! ey‡S we`k©‡b1 eyaMY|
†mB †nZz wPiZ‡i myeªZ n‡qb Zuviv,
ZvÕ†ZB mÜvb j‡f †Kgb APy¨Z-aviv!
†m mÜvb-Ávb-e‡j †ø‡ni eÜb wQwoÕ,
cwiYv‡g nb mg-wbeŸ©v‡Yi2 AwaKvix|
GB ch©¨šÍ Awfa¤§©v_© msMÖ‡ni exw_-gy³-msMÖn bvgK
cÂg cwi‡”Q`|
exw_-gy³ wP‡Ëi ms‡ÿcv_© eY©bv|
Rxe‡bi `yB Ask,øÒcÖeË©bÓ I ÒcÖwZmwÜÓ| †Kvb GK
cÖwZmwÜ-ÿ‡Yi cieË©xÿY nB‡Z †mB f‡ei Pz¨wZ-ÿY ch©¨šÍ
cÖeË©b-Kvj| Ges Pz¨wZ-ÿ‡Yi cieË©x cÖwZmwÜ-ÿYB cÖwZmwÜ
Kvj| PZz_© cwi‡”Q‡` exw_-wP‡Ëi AvKv‡i GB cÖeË©b-Kv‡ji
wPË-e¨vcvi ewY©Z nBqv‡Q| GLb GB cÂg cwi‡”Q‡` exw_-gy³
wP‡Ëi AvKv‡i, cÖwZmwÜ-ÿ‡Yi wPË-e¨vcvi ewY©Z nB‡Z‡Q|
1
cwUm•Lvh= cybt cybt AwbZ¨ fvebv Øviv|
2
mg-wbeŸ©vY= wbi“cwa‡kl wbeŸ©vY|
cÖwZmwÜ-wPË exw_-gy³| GB cÖwZmwÜ-Kvj meŸ©kt c~Y©v½ fv‡e

eY©bv Kwi‡Z nB‡j,ø (K) †Kv_vq cÖwZmwÜ nq, (L) KZ cÖKvi
cÖwZmwÜ nq, (M) Kvnvi Øviv Kvnvi cÖwZmwÜ nq Ges (N) wK
cÖYvjx‡Z cÖwZmwÜ nq,øGB Pvwi wel‡qi h‡_vwPZ Av‡jvPbv
Avek¨K| Z`bymv‡iB GB exw_-gy³ wPË-msMÖ‡ni Av‡jvP¨
welq,ø (K) PZzweŸ©a f‚wg, (L) PZzweŸ©a cÖwZmwÜ, (M) PZzweŸ©a
K¤§© Ges (N) PZzweŸ©a gi‡YvrcwË,øGB PZzweŸ©a nBqv‡Q|
cÖwZmwÜ PZzweŸ©a f‚wg‡ZB msmvwaZ nq| GBRb¨ PZzweŸ©a
f‚wg¯’ cÖwZmwÜK m‡Ë¡i ¯Íi cÖ`Ë nBqv‡Q| Ges Zvnv‡ì
Avqy®‹vjI D‡jøL Kiv nBqv‡Q| Pvwi f‚wgi mË¡M‡Yi wefvM
cÖ`k©K GKwU b·v cÖ`Ë nBjtø
GKwÎk †jvK-f~wg
‰bemsÁvbvmsÁvqZb
AvwKÂbvqZb
4 Aiƒc weÁvbvbšÍvqZb f~wg
AvKvkvbšÍvqZb
16 iƒc AKwbô f~wg
my`k©x
(5 ï×vevm my`k©b f~wg)
AZß
Ae„nvt
PZz_© e„nr dj AmsÁ-mË¡ a¨vb-f~wg
Z…Zxq cwiËïf AcÖgvY-ïf ïfvKxY© a¨vb-f~wg
wØZxq cwiËvf AcÖgvYvf Avf¯î a¨vb-f~wg
cÖ_g eªþcvwil` eªþ-cy‡ivwnZ gnveªþv a¨vb-f~wg
7 Kvg-myMwZ ciwbw¤§©Z-ekeË©x f‚wg
wb¤§©vY-iwZ
ZzwlZ
hvg
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PvZz¤§©nvivwRK
gbyl¨-‡jvK-f‚wg
4 Acvq wbiq wZh©¨K ‡cÖZ Amyi f‚wg
Zrci GB Pvwi f‚wg‡Z KvnvØviv cÖwZmwÜ nq, GB welq

Av‡jvPbv Kwi‡Z hvBqv PZzweŸ©a K‡¤§©i K_v ewj‡Z nBqv‡Q|
Ges wK cÖYvjx‡Z cÖwZmwÜ nq, Zvnv Pz¨wZ-cÖwZmwÜ‡Z cÖ`wk©Z|
cÖwZmwÜ I cÖeË©‡bi mgq wecvK-¯‹Ü I K¤§©Riƒc-Drcv`K
KzkjvKzkj-‡PZbvB RbK-K¤§©| cÖwZmwÜB wecvK Drcv`‡bi
gyL¨ ¯’vb| cÖeË©bKv‡j Z`vj¤^b, fev½, cÂ-weÁvb, m¤úÖZx”Q
I mšÍxiY wecvK cÖ`v‡bi ¯’vb| cÖeË©‡bi mgq Ab¨vb¨ K¤§© Øviv
cwi‡cvwlZ ev evav cÖvß nB‡j RbK-K¤§© Z`bymv‡i wecvK
Drcv`‡b mÿg ev Aÿg nq| RbK-K¤§© meŸ©`v AZxZ K‡¤§©i

wecvK| Ewbk cÖKvi cÖwZmwÜ weÁv‡bi g‡a¨ Ae¯’vbymv‡i GKwU
gvÎ weÁvb cÖwZmwÜi mgq cÖwZmwÜ-K…Z¨ m¤úv`b K‡i| K…Z¨-
msMÖ‡ni 96 c„ôv `ªóe¨| Dc¯Í¤¢K K‡¤§©i K…Z¨ RbK-K¤§©‡K
mvnvh¨ Kiv, cwi‡cvlY Kiv, †hb Dnv dj-cÖ`vb Kwi‡Z cv‡i|
Dc¯Í¤¢K, DrcxoK I DcNvZK K¤§© eË©gvb Rxe‡bi K¤§©fe|
Bnviv Reb-¯’v‡bB m¤úvw`Z nq| DrcxoK K‡¤§©i K…Z¨ RbK-
K‡¤§©i wecvK‡K `yeŸ©j Kiv ev evav †Ìqv| wKiƒ‡c? Dc¯Í¤¢K-
K¤§©‡K hLb ZLb, †hLv‡b †mLv‡b evav cÖ`v‡b| Kzkj RvZxq
DrcxoK-K¤§©, AKzkj RvZxq Dc¯Í¤¢K-K¤§©‡K, Ges AKzkj
RvZxq DrcxoK-K¤§© Kzkj Dc¯Í¤¢K‡K evav †`q, `yeŸ©j K‡i|
DcNvZK-K¤§©, DrcxoK K‡¤§©i b¨vq Bnvi wecixZ RvZxq
K¤§©‡K evav cÖ`vb K‡i| Z‡e GZ`yf‡qi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ GB †h,
ïay evav cÖ`v‡bB ev `yeŸ©j Ki‡YB DcNvZ‡Ki Kvh©¨ ch©ëwmZ
b‡n| RbK-K¤§©‡K m¤ú~Y© aŸsm Kwiqv DcNvZK wb‡Ri dj
Drcv`b K‡i| ¯’wei A½ywjgv‡ji Rxe‡b DcNvZK K‡¤§©i my›ì
`„óvšÍ wg‡j|
†Kvb e¨w³ hw` D×©vwfgy‡L GK LÐ †jvóª wb‡ÿc K‡i, Z‡e
Dnv wKQy `~‡i DwVqv cybt f‚cwZZ nq| H †jvóª-L‡Ð H e¨w³i
kw³-mÂvi RbK-K‡¤§©i mwnZ Zzjbxq| Dnvi RoZ¡
cwi‡cvlK-K¤§©| Dnvi D×©-MwZ‡Z evqyi evav cÖ`vb DrcxoK-
K¤§©| wKš‘ gva¨vKl©‡Yi evav I Ae‡k‡l wecixZ c‡_ A_©vr
wbævwfgy‡L cwiPvjbv I meŸ©‡k‡l f‚Z‡j Avbqb DcNvZK-K¤§©
¯îƒc| DcNvZK‡K Dc‡”Q`KI ejv nq| iæwkqvi mgªv‡Ui
RbK-K¤§© Zuvnv‡K ivR-wmsnvm‡bi DËivwaKvix iƒ‡c Rb¥ MÖnY
KivBqvwQj| Dc¯Í¤¢K-K¤§© mgªvU-‡fvM¨ myL-m¤ú` w`‡ZwQj;
DrcxoK-K¤§© Øviv wZwb MZ gnvmg‡ii mgq eû kvixwiK I
gvbwmK `ytL †fvM Kwi‡ZwQ‡jb| Ae‡k‡l DcNvZK-K¤§©

Zuvnv‡K cÖv‡Y bvk KwiqvwQj|
hw` †Kn eË©gvb Rxe‡b wb®‹vg `vb K¤§© m¤úv`b K‡i, Z‡e
Dnv Zvnvi AZxZ `vb-K‡¤§©i cwi‡cvlK ev Dc¯Í¤¢K| wKš‘
†jv‡fi DrcxoK K¤§©| GB `vb-ms¯‹vi cÖej nBqv †jvf‡K
aŸsm Kwi‡j, Z‡e H `vb-K¤§© †jv‡fi DcNvZK K¤§© nB‡e|
hw` †Kn †Kvb cÖvYx‡K `ytL †`q, Z‡e Dnv Zvnvi †Øl-wP‡Ëi
Dc¯Í¤¢K| KiæYvi DrcxoK Ges ea Kwi‡j KiæYvi DcNvZK|
myZivs †`Lv hvB‡Z‡Q †h, Dc¯Í¤¢K, DrcxoK I DcNvZK
K¤§©B Avgv‡ì Rxe‡bi mwµq Ask, Bnv Reb-¯’v‡bB m¤úvw`Z
nq| GB mwµq-Ask AZx‡Zi DrcwËf‡ei (ms¯‹v‡ii) cÖfv‡e
†hgb ejevb, `yeŸ©j ev aŸsm cÖvß nq| †Zgwb eË©gvb
K¤§©f‡ei cÖfv‡e I ejevb, `yeŸ©j ev aŸsm cÖvß nq| `„óvšÍ
¯îƒc ejv hvB‡Z cv‡i †h, hw` †Kn ÒK¤§©-¯’vbÓ fvebv Kwi‡Z
B”Qv K‡ib, Z‡e Bnv Zvnvi GB f‡ei mwµq Ask| Ges GB
mwµq Ask‡K Zvnvi AZxZ Rxe‡bi AbyK‚j ms¯‹vi mvnvh¨
Kwiqv ejevb Kwi‡e| wKš‘ cÖwZK‚j ms¯‹vi kw³ Abymv‡i evav
w`‡e ev aŸsm Kwi‡e| Ges eË©gvb Rxe‡bI mywkÿv, Kj¨vY-
wgÎZv, H m¼í‡K mvnvh¨ Kwi‡e, wKš‘ Kzwkÿv I cvc-wgÎZv
kw³ Abymv‡i evav w`‡e ev aŸsm Kwi‡e| GB cÖKv‡i Dc¯Í¤¢K,
DrcxoK I DcNvZK K¤§©,- ¸iæ, Avmbœ, AvPwiZ (Af¨¯Í) I
K…Z¨ ev DcwPZ-K¤§©iƒ‡c Rxe‡bi mwµq Ask‡K mvnvh¨ Kwiqv
wecvK-cÖ`v‡bi mg‡qi I ¯’v‡bi ZviZg¨ msNUb K‡i|
Zb¥‡a¨ cÖwZmwÜ mgq dj-cÖ`v‡bi ch©¨vqvbymv‡i ¸iæ-K¤§©B
meŸ©v‡MÖ dj-cÖ`vb K‡i| Bnv Kzkj I AKzkj wØwea| Bnvi
Kvh©¨ Rbb, Dc¯Í¤¢b, Drcxob I DcNvUb nB‡Z cv‡i| Kzkj
¸iæ-K¤§© iƒcveP‡ii cÂwea Ac©Yv a¨vb-wPË Ges AiƒcveP‡ii
PZzweŸ©a Ac©Yv a¨vb-wPË| Bnv‡ì m¤úv`b I Abykxjb

Kvg‡jv‡KI m¤¢e; Ges Zvnv‡ì mvaviY bvg Ògn˜MZ K¤§©Ó|
myZivs Kzkj ¸iæ-K¤§© ïay gbt-K¤§©| AKzkj ¸iæ ïay
Kvg‡jv‡KB m¤¢e| Bnv cÂwea,øwcZ…nZ¨v, gvZ…nZ¨v, An©Z-
nZ¨v, ey‡×i kixi nB‡Z i³-cvZ Ges m•N-‡f`| e×-g~j
wg_¨v`„wóI ¸iæ K¤§©; wKš‘ Bnv gi‡Yi c~eŸ©ÿ‡YI ms‡kvwaZ
nB‡Z cv‡i ewjqv GB †kªYx‡Z f‚³ Kiv nq bvB| GB ¸iæ-K¤§©
Ab¨ K‡¤§©i A‡MÖ wecvK `vb K‡i ewjqv, A_©vr GB K¤§©-
m¤úv`‡bi fe Ges wecvK-`v‡bi f‡ei g‡a¨ †Kvb AšÍi
(duvK) bvB ewjqv Bnvi Aci bvg AvbšÍixq ev AvbšÍvh©¨-K¤§©|
¸iæ K‡¤§©i ciB kw³ I ch©¨vqvbymv‡i giYvmbœ-K‡¤§©i ¯’vb|
gi‡Yvb¥yL m‡Ë¡i meŸ©‡kl Reb-wPËB giYvmbœ-K¤§©,øms‡ÿcZt
Avmbœ-K¤§©| GB wPËB Zvnvi cieË©x Rxe‡bi MwZ I cÖK…wZ
wbeŸ©vPb Kwiqv _v‡K| wKš‘ gi‡Yvb¥yL e¨w³ Øviv †Kvb ¸iæ-K¤§©
hw` †mB Rxe‡b m¤úvw`Z nBqv _v‡K, Z‡e †mB ¸iæ-K¤§©B
Zvnvi RbK-K¤§© nq| Z`fv‡e GB Avmbœ-K¤§© RbK-K¤§©
wbeŸ©vPb K‡i| Avmbœ-K¤§© `yeŸ©j ewjqv Bnvi Drcv`b-kw³
bvB| gi‡Yvb¥yL m‡Ë¡i wbKU AKzkj wbwgË Dcw¯’Z nB‡j,
Kj¨vYKvgx wgÎMY, Zvnv‡K Zvnvi K…Z Kzkj K¤§©vw` ¯§iY
KivBqv, ev ZrKv‡j Kzkj-K¤§©vw` m¤úv`b KivBqv H wbwgË‡K
`~ixf‚Z Kwi‡Z cv‡ib| Giƒc fv‡e `~ixKiY DcNvZK K¤§©|
g„Zz¨-kh¨v-iPbv Kwiqv gi‡Yvb¥y‡Li Avmbœ K¤§©‡K mycwiPvwjZ
Kiv cÖ‡Z¨K KjŸvKv•Lixi cweÎ KË©e¨|
gi‡Yvb¥y‡Li wbKU hvnv‡Z AKzkj wbwgË Avwm‡Z AeKvk bv
cvq Giƒc fv‡e wZwb wb‡RI meŸ©`v Kzkj ¯§„wZ Avbqb
Kwi‡eb; ˆgÎx-wPË Drcbœ Kwi‡eb| wKš‘ mviv Rxeb Cl©¨v,
gvrmh©¨, e¨vcv` wP‡Ëi Af¨vm Kwi‡j, ˆgÎx-wPË Drcv`b m¤¢e
nq bv; wenŸjZv Dcw¯’Z nq, ZØviv AKzkj wbwgËB AvMgb

K‡i| myZivs wKiƒ‡c gwi‡Z nq, ZvnvI wkÿv Kiv Avek¨K|
¸iæ ev Avmbœ K‡¤§©i Afv‡e AvPwiZ ev Af¨¯Í-K¤§©B
giYvmbœ-exw_‡Z Dcw¯’Z nq| GBRb¨ Kzkj-K¤§© GKevi gvÎ
m¤úv`b Kwiqv ÿvšÍ _vKv DwPZ b‡n| cybt cybt Af¨v‡m Dnv
¯^fv‡e cwiYZ Kiv KË©e¨| †mB Rb¨B fMevb Dc‡`k
w`qv‡Qbtø
ÒcyT&T‡Â cywi‡mv Kwhiv Kwhiv‡_bs cybàybs,
Zg&wn Q›`s Kwhiv_ my‡Lv cyT&Tm&m D”Pv‡hvÓ|
a¤§c`, 118
cÿvšÍ‡i cÖgv` ekZt †Kvb AKzkj K¤§© m¤úvw`Z nB‡jI
Dnv KLbI cybt m¤úv`b Kwi‡e bv, Ggb wK ¯§„wZ‡ZI Avbqb
Kwi‡e bv| KviY GKwU welq cwiZ¨v‡Mi AvKv‡i nDK ev
MÖn‡Yi AvKv‡iB nDK hZB ¯§iY Kiv hvq, Zvnv ZZ Mfxi
fv‡e wP‡Ë gyw`ªZ nq Ges ÒAvPwiZÓ K‡¤§© cwiYZ nq| GBRb¨
fMevb mZK©evYx Zzwjqv ewjqv‡Qbt-
Òcvc‡Â cywi‡mv Kwhiv, b Zs Kwhiv cybàybs,
b Zg&wn Q›`s Kwhiv_ `yK&‡Lv cvcm&m D”P‡hvÓ|
a¤§c`, 117
Ò¸iæ-K¤§©Ó, giYvmbœKv‡j Aby¯§wiZ ÒAvmbœ-K¤§©Ó Ges
cÖvZ¨wnK Rxe‡b wbqwgZ fv‡e m¤úvw`Z ÒAvPwiZ K¤§©Ó Bn
Rxe‡bi K¤§©| GB wZb †kªYxi K¤§© e¨ZxZ †h KzkjvKzkj K¤§©
BnRxe‡b Ges AZxZ Rxeb-ci¯úivq m¤úvw`Z nBqv _v‡K
Zvnv ÒK„ZZ¡ K¤§©Ó ev ÒDcwPZ K¤§©Ó| ¸iæ-Avmbœ-AvPwiZ
K‡¤§©i wecvK Dcc`¨ †e`bxq| wKš‘ DcwPZ K‡¤§©i wecvK
Acich©¨vq †e`bxq Ges `„ó a¤§© †e`bxq| DcwPZ K¤§©, ¸iæ-
Avmbœ-AvPwiZ K¤§©Îq nB‡Z Aí kw³m¤úbœ, wKš‘ Bnvi

msL¨vwaK¨ †nZz Bnv meŸ©vwaK djevb K¤§© MVb K‡i|
GB PZzweŸ©a K‡¤§©i g‡a¨ Ò¸iæ-K¤§©Ó we`¨gvb _vwK‡j ZvnvB
AbšÍi f‡e cÖwZmwÜ NUvq| Z`fv‡e ÒAvmbœ-K¤§©Ó| Avm‡bœi
Afv‡e ÒAvPwiZ K¤§©Ó AvPwiZ K‡¤§©i Afv‡e ÒDcwPZ K¤§©Ó
cÖwZmwÜ-K…Z¨ m¤úv`b K‡i|
K‡¤§©i dj-cÖ`v‡bi Kvj Dnvi Reb-¯’v‡bi wPËÿ‡Yi Dci
wbf©i K‡i| 141 c„ôvi ÒReb-K_vÓ `ªóe¨| cÖ_g Re‡bi K¤§©
†mB Rxe‡bB dj cÖ`vb K‡i; myZivs †mB Rxe‡bB Abyfebxq|
Bnvi cvwifvwlK bvg Ò`„ó-a¤§©-‡e`bxqÓ; A_©vr eË©gvb Rxe‡bB
Abyfebxq| hw` †mB Rxe‡b dj cÖ`v‡bi AeKvk bv cvq,
A_ev weiæ× kw³kvjx K¤§©Øviv cÖwZnZ nq, Z‡e Dnv cieË©x
†Kvb Kv‡j dj `vb Kwi‡Z cv‡i bv| ZLb Dnv ÿxY-exR nBqv
hvq| GgZve¯’vq Bnvi ÒA‡nvwmÓ bvg †Ìqv nBqv‡Q|
ÒA‡nvwmÓ wµqvc`, Bnvi A_© ÒwQjÓ, A_©vr hvnv AZx‡Z wQj,
GLb ÿxY-exR nBqv‡Q| Avgiv ÒA‡nvwmÓ K¤§©‡K Òf‚Zc~eŸ©-
K¤§©Ó ewjqvB Abyev` KwiqvwQ| ¸iæK¤§©I `„óa¤§©-‡e`bxq;
†è`‡Ëi cwiYvg Bnvi `„óvšÍ|
meŸ©‡kl mßg Re‡bi (ev¯‘i `yeŸ©jve¯’vq cÂ Re‡bi) K¤§©
cieË©x wØZxq R‡b¥B djevb nq; GRb¨ Bnvi bvg ÒDcc`¨
†e`bxq K¤§©Ó| hw` †mB cieË©x R‡b¥ wecvK-cÖ`v‡bi AeKvk
bv cvq, wKsev weiæ× K¤§© Øviv evav cÖvß nq, Z‡e DnvI
Òf‚Zc~eŸ© K‡¤§©Ó cwiYZ nq| wKš‘ hw` AeKvk cvq Z‡e RbK-
K¤§©iƒ‡c wecvK `vb K‡i| hw` Zvnv bv cv‡i Z‡e cieË©x
cÖeË©b Kv‡jI Dc¯Í¤¢b, Drcxob, ev DcNvZ Kwi‡Z cv‡i bv|
g‡aï cuvP ev wZb Reb-wPËÿ‡Yi K¤§© Z…Zxq Rb¥ nB‡Z
wbeŸ©vY jvf bv nIqv ch©¨šÍ, †h †Kvb R‡b¥ djevb nB‡Z
cv‡i| GRb¨ Bnvi bvg ÒAci-ch©¨vq-‡e`bxq K¤§©Ó| GB K¤§©

cÖwZmwÜi mgq Ges Aemi cvB‡j cÖeË©‡bi mgq wecvK `vb
K‡i| An©Z gnv †gŠ˜Mj¨vq‡bi `ÐvNvZ-g„Zz¨ Bnvi `„óvšÍ|
†hB mKj K¤§© ¯^xq `yeŸ©jZv †nZz wecvK w`‡Z cv‡i bv,
A_ev wecvK-cÖ`vb-ÿg nBqvI weiæ× K¤§© Øviv cÖwZnZ nIqvq
wecvK cÖ`v‡bi mgq AwZevwnZ nBqv hvq, †mB mg¯Í K¤§©B
ÒA‡nvwmÓ K¤§© ev Òf‚Zc~eŸ© K¤§©Ó| Bnv Kzkj ev AKzkj †h
†Kvb RvZxq nB‡Z cv‡i|
Avgiv †hB kvixwiK Kvh©¨ m¤úv`b Kwi, †hB evK¨, D”PviY
Kwi, †hB wPšÍv cÖevwnZ Kwi Zvnv‡KB mvaviYZt ÒK¤§©Ó bv‡g
AwfwnZ Kwi| g~jZt gb GKvKxB wPšÍv K‡i Ges †mB wPšÍv
ev‡K¨ I kvixwiK Kv‡h©¨ weKwkZ nq| wKš‘ ey× e‡jb
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K¤§© ewjqv _vwK| Ò†PZbvÓ meŸ©wPË-mvaviY ˆPZwmK| 66 c„ôv
`ªóe¨| wKš‘ †jvf-‡Ølvw` AKzkj-‡nZz ev A‡jvf A‡Ølvw`
Kzkj-‡nZz-ms‡hv‡M †PZbv ÒK‡¤§©Ó cwiYZ nq Ges ms¯‹viiƒ‡c
wPË-mšÍwZ‡Z cÖ”Qbœ _v‡K I my‡hvM cvB‡j ev‡K¨ ev Kv‡h©¨
cÖKvk cvq| †PZbvi Afv‡e Pÿzcvj ¯’we‡ii c`Nv‡Z msNwUZ
KxU-aŸsm e¨vcviwU K‡¤§© cwiYZ nBqvwQj bv| ea-‡PZbv
jBqv mc©-å‡g i¾y‡K AvNvZ Kwi‡jI AKzkj K¤§© Kiv nq|
cÿvšÍ‡i ea-‡PZbv weiwnZ wP‡Ë i¾y-å‡g mc©‡K nZ Kwi‡jI
K¤§© MwVZ nq bv| myZivs †PZbv-nxb kvixwiK, evPwbK ev
gvbwmK e¨vcvi K¤§© MVb Kwi‡Z cv‡i bv| gva¨vKl©Y †hgb
Ro-kw³, †nZz-mshy³ †PZbvI †Zgb gvbmkw³| RM‡Zi
hveZxq kw³i b¨vq K¤§©I GKwU kw³| †hB gva¨vKl©Y c`v_©‡K
f‚cvwZZ K‡i, gva¨vKl©‡Yi inm¨ D‡™¢` Kwiqv, †mB gva¨vKl©Y
e‡jB gvbyl f‚c„ô nB‡Z D‡×© Mgb K‡i| †hB K¤§©-kw³ Rxe‡K
euvwaqv iv‡L K¤§©-ZË¡ AeMZ nB‡j, gvbyl †mB K¤§© ØvivB gyw³
Avbqb Kwi‡Z cv‡i| ÒAËvwn AË‡bv bv‡_v, †Kvwn bv‡_v c‡iv
wmhvÓ?
K‡¤§©i KviY wK? K‡¤§©i Avw` Awb‡Y©q, wKš‘ Bnvi KviY
wbY©q Kiv hvq| GB †h bvg-iƒcÓ hvnv Z_v Kw_Z ÒAvwgÓ
m„Rb Kwiqv Av‡Q, Zvnv K¤§© Kwievi Rb¨ eva¨| Bnv
l‡ow›`ª‡qi ga¨ w`qv AbeiZ ewnR©MZ I AšÍR©MZ nB‡Z
AvNvZ cÖvß nB‡Z‡Q| †mB AvNvZ ev ¯úk© nB‡Z †e`bv Drcbœ
nq| †mB †e`bv nB‡Z, Awe`¨vwff‚Z nBqv Z…òv Drcbœ
nB‡Z‡Q| wKš‘ †e`bvi h_vh_ cÖK…wZ m¤^‡Ü ¯§„wZgvb _vwK‡j
Z…‡òvrcwË nq bv| GB Awe`¨vR Z…òvB myZivs K‡¤§©i KviY|
Òweïw×-gv‡M©Ó D³ Av‡Qtø
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my× a¤§v ceËwšÍ; G‡eZs m¤§ `m&mbsÓ|
A_©vr K‡¤§©i KviK bvB, wecv‡KiI †fv³v bvB, †Kej wPË-
‰PZwmK-a¤§© cÖewË©Z (DwVqv cwoqv cÖevwnZ) nB‡Z‡Q| BnvB
weï× Ávb| cvigvw_©K mZ¨vbymv‡i †Kvb ARo, Ae¨q,
Awebk¦i ÒAvÍvÓ †èZvi AvKv‡i ev gby‡lï AvKv‡i ev Ab¨
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kw³i ¯^íKvj¯’vqx weKvk,øeënvwiK fv‡e mË¡ ev cÖvYx bv‡g
AwfwnZ nq| hvnv‡K mË¡ ev cÖvYx ejv nq, Zvnv †Kej
RovR‡oi (bvgiƒ‡ci) ms‡hvM gvÎ| Ro ïay KZK¸wj kw³ I
¸‡Yi weKvk gvÎ| Zvnv cieË©x cwi‡”Q‡` Av‡jvwPZ nB‡Z‡Q|
wPËI DrcwË-wejq-kxj ˆPZwm‡Ki mswgkªY wfbœ Ab¨ wKQy
b‡n| Zvnv GB cuvP Aa¨v‡q Av‡jvwPZ nBqv‡Q| hw` K‡¤§©i
KviK wbY©q Kwi‡Z nq, Z‡e ewj‡Z nq, †nZz mshy³
Ò†PZbvBÓ K‡¤§©i KviK, Ges †e`bvB K‡¤§©i dj‡fv³v|
Ò†PZbvÓ I Ò†e`bvÓ AwbZ¨ a¤§©x ˆPZwmK gvÎ| wgwj›`-ivR

wRÁvmv Kwi‡jb Òf‡šÍ bvM‡mb, K¤§© †Kv_vq _v‡KÓ? ¯’wei
DËi w`‡jb, ÒgnvivR, GB wejqkxj wP‡Ëi †Kv_vI K¤§© RgvU
nBqv _v‡K bv, wKsev Ab¨ †Kvb ¯‹‡ÜI Rgv _v‡K bv| Avgª
e„‡ÿi †`‡n †hgb †Kv_vI Avgª Rgv iwnqv‡Q ewjqv †Kn wb‡Ï©k
Kwi‡Z cv‡i bv, A_P AeKvk cvB‡j Avgª gyKzj D˜MZ nq,
†Zgwb cÂ-¯‹‡Ü ev †Kvb GK ¯‹‡Ü K¤§© Rgv nBqv _v‡K bv,
A_P AeKvk cvB‡jB dj d‡j| ˆbmwM©K kw³ I bxwZi b¨vq
K¤§©I gvbwmK kw³ I bxwZ| GRb¨ ey× K¤§©‡K PZzweŸ©a
AwP‡šÍ¨‡qi g‡a¨ Ab¨Zi AwP‡šÍ¨q iƒ‡c MY¨ Kwiqv‡Qb|
ÒA‡½vËi wbKv‡qÓ ey× ewj‡Z‡Qbt-
Ò†n wfÿzMY, hw` †Kn e‡j †h, Zvnv‡K Zvnvi K¤§© dj
†fvM Kwi‡ZB nB‡e, Z‡e a¤§©-Rxe‡bi Avek¨KZv nBZ bv
Ges `ytL-gyw³i †Kvb AeKvkI cvIqv hvBZ bv| wKš‘ hw`
†Kn e‡j †h, gvbyl hvnv ecb K‡i ZvnviB dj-‡fvM K‡i,
Z‡e a¤§©-Rxe‡bi Avek¨KZv Av‡Q Ges m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c `ytL-
gyw³iI AeKvk iwnqv‡QÓ|
wP‡ËvrcwË wnmv‡e Øv`k AKzkj-wPËB AKzkj K¤§© Ges Aó
gnvKzkj I bq cÖKvi gn˜MZ KzkjB Kzkj K¤§©| Rxe‡`n ¯^ ¯^
K‡¤§©i `„k¨gvb cÖwZg~wË©| GB meŸ©e¨vcx K¤§©kw³ Avgv‡ì
¯^fve‡K,- cÖ”Qbœ g‡bve„wË‡K m‡½ m‡½ enb Kwiqv jBqv hvq|
myZivs †jvKxq c„_MRb‡K †Kn Zvnvi AZxZ ev eË©gvb Øviv
wbwðZiƒ‡c wePvi Kwi‡Z cv‡i bv| †Kvb GK we‡kl ÿ‡Y †Kvb&
e¨w³ wKiƒc Avgiv ïay ZvnvB wePvi Kwiqv ewj‡Z cvwi| Zvnvi
fwel¨Z m¤^‡Ü †KnB wbwðZ nB‡Z cv‡i bv| e¨w³ we‡k‡li
g„Zz¨ ïay ÿY¯’vqx NUbvi ÿY¯’vqx cwiYvg| g„Zz¨ †`n‡K Amvi
Kwiqv †d‡j Ges Ab¨ GK †`n Drcbœ nq| wKš‘ GB cieË©x
†`n c~eŸ©eË©x †`n nB‡Z m¤ú~Y© wfbœ b‡n; KviY †Kvb GK giY-
gyn~‡Ë© †hB K¤§© cÖevwnZ nq, Zvnv ØvivB cieË©x †`n Drcbœ nq
Ges †mB Rxeb-cÖevn-cwiPvjK K¤§©-kw³ ZLbI mÄxweZ
_v‡K| RbK-Rbbx GB Ro-DcKiY Drcv`‡b mvnvh¨-Kvix
gvÎ| RM‡Zi ÿz`ª e„nr hveZxq NUbv hLb GK myk„•Ljve×
weavb Øviv wbqwgZ nB‡Z‡Q, †Kvb jxjvg‡qi jxjvq ev
B”Qvg‡qi B”Qvax‡b nB‡Z‡Q bv, ZLb Bnv eySv AZ¨šÍ mnR
†h, g„Zzï ci cybR©‡b¥i AeKvk I my‡hvM †mB weavb e‡jB
Drcbœ nq|
`k AKzkj-K¤§© m¤^‡Ü Ávb †jvKxq mg¨K&-`„wó| Ges
AKzk‡ji g~j †h †jvf, †Øl, †gvn- GB ÁvbI †jvKxq mg¨K&-
`„wó| g~j Abymv‡i AKzkj-K¤§© wePvi Kwi‡j welqwU cÖvÄj
nBqv hvq| `k Kzkj-K¤§© m¤^‡Ü Ges Zvnv‡ì g~j A‡jvf,
A‡Øl, A‡gvn m¤^‡Ü ÁvbI †jvKxq mg¨K&-`„wó| g~jvbymv‡i
Kzkj-K¤§© eywSevi †Póv Kwi‡j, G m¤^‡Ü eû K‚U cÖ‡kœi ¯^ZtB
gxgvsmv nBqv hvq|
†jvf cwiZ¨vMB Ò`vbÕ| `vb meŸ© Kzk‡ji Avw` I meŸ©
KzkjK¤§©-mvaviY| `vb-‡PZbv †jv‡fi DrcxoK I DcNvZK|
†jvf ev Z…òvB meŸ©wea `yt‡Li †nZz; Ò`vbÓ GB †nZzi g~‡j
KzVvivNvZ| mvwgl `vb †jvKxq Kzkj-K¤§©| wbivwgl `vb
†jv‡KvËi Kzkj| mvwgl A_© GLv‡b iƒc, kã, MÜ, im I
¯úÖó‡eï Rb¨ Z…òvhy³| wbivwgl A_© wb®‹vg ev H cÖKvi Z…òv-
nxb|
ÒkxjÓ m¤^‡Ü 86-87 c„óvq weiwZ ˆPZwm‡Ki ms‡ÿcv_©
eY©b `ªóe¨| kxj‡K `yB †kªYx‡Z fvM Kiv nBqv‡Q,øevwiZ-kxj
I PvwiÎ-kxj| cÂkxj, Aókxj, `kkxj cÖf…wZ gyL¨Zt Kvq-
evK&-`yðvwi‡Î weiwZ,- Bnviv evwiZ-kxj| Bnv g~jZt meŸ©Rx‡e
ˆgÎx I KiæYvi DciB wbf©i K‡i,øBnvB Awnsmv| mgMÖ m~Î-

wcUK‡K eûj cwigv‡Y evwiZ-kx‡ji wkÿv-fvÐvi ejv hvB‡Z
cv‡i| hvnv‡K mvaviYZt wkóvPvi ejv nq ZvnvB PvwiÎ-kxj|
Bnv g~jZt wPË-g„`yZv, †mev Ges K…wói Dci wbf©i K‡i| kxjB
mf¨Zv, kxjB AvwfRvZ¨| kxjB a¤§©-Rxe‡bi wfwË| c~Rbxq‡K
c~Rv, m¤§vwbZ‡K m¤§vb, †mev cwiPh©¨v, mØënvi, m`vPiY
cÖf…wZ PvwiÎ-kx‡ji AšÍM©Z| mgMÖ Òwebq-wcUKÓ
cy•Lvbycy•Liƒ‡c GB wel‡qiB Dc‡`k w`‡Z‡Q|
ÒfvebvÓ `yBwU welq wb‡Ï©k K‡i,ø Drcv`b I e×©b| †hB
Kzkj-wPË Abyrcbœ, Zvnvi Drcv`b Ges †hB Kzkj wPË Drcbœ,
Zvnvi e×©b Kivi bvg ÒfvebvÓ| Z`y‡Ï‡k¨ wPË‡K mgvwnZ I
mykw³kvjx Kivi bvg Òkg_-fvebvÓ Ges g~L¨Zt cÂ¯‹Ü
m¤^‡Ü AwbZ¨-`ytL-AbvÍ-Áv‡bvrcv`b Òwe`k©b-fvebvÓ| beg
cwi‡”Q‡` Bnv Av‡jvwPZ| ÒK¤§©-¯^KxqZv-ÁvbÓ A_©vr cÖ‡Z¨K
Rxe Zvnvi wbR K‡¤§©iB `„k¨gvb cÖwZg~wË©,-GB cÖKvi Ávbv¾©b-
‡PóvB Ò`„wó-FRy-K¤§©Ó|
cÖ‡Z¨K Kzkj-K¤§©‡K Ávb-m¤úÖhy³ Kiv DwPZ| Zvnv
nB‡jB Bnv wÎ‡nZzK nq| cÖ‡Z¨K Kzkj-K‡¤§©i D‡Ïk¨ wPË-
ïw× A_©vr Z…òvÿq| GB D‡Ïk¨B Kzkj-K¤§©‡K Ávb-m¤úÖhy³
A_©vr wÎ‡nZzK K‡i| GB cÖKv‡i wÎ‡nZzK K¤§© Avb›` g‡b cybt
cybt m¤úv`b Kwi‡j Dnv DrK…óZv cÖvß nq|
12| g„Zz¨ Pvwi Kvi‡Y msNwUZ nq| ¯^Kxq mË¡-wbKv‡qi
`xN©Zg Avqyi mgcwiwgZ Avqy-ÿ‡q hLb †Kvb m‡Ë¡i †`nvšÍi
nq, ZLb Zvnv‡K Avqy-ÿ‡q g„Zz¨ ejv nq| wKš‘ hw` RbK-K¤§©
cÖ`Ë kw³i n«vm nBqv †`nvšÍi nq, Z‡e Dnv K¤§©-ÿ‡q g„Zz¨|
mË¡ wbKv‡qi `xN©Zg Avqy I RbK-K¤§©-cÖ`Ë Avqy, GB Dfq
hw` mgcwiwgZ nq Ges Zvnv‡ì GK m‡½ ÿq nBqv †`nvšÍi
nq, Z‡e Bnv Dfq-ÿq-g„Zz¨| wKš‘ Avqy Ges K¤§© Df‡qi kw³
we`¨gvb _vwKevi Kvjxb, hw` †Kvb weiæ× kw³i cÖfv‡e
KvnviI †`nvšÍi nq, Z‡e Dnv Dc‡”Q`K-K¤§© †nZz-g„Zz¨|
Bnv‡K AKvj-g„ZzÏ ejv nq|
Dc‡”Q`-g„Zz¨ BZi cÖvYxi g‡a¨ AZ¨waK msNwUZ nq|
Dc‡”Q`K-K¤§© Øviv Dc‡”Q`-g„Zz¨ nBqv _v‡K Ges Ab¨ A‡bK
mnmª Kvi‡YI Bnv msNwUZ nq| g~j‡f‡` Dnv AvU fv‡M
cÖ`wk©Z nBqv‡Q| (1) evZ; (2) wcË; (3) †kø®§v RwbZ e¨vwa;
(4) Zvnv‡ì mwbœcvZ RwbZ e¨vwa; (5) ewnt cÖK…wZ nB‡Z
Drcbœ wecwË, (f‚K¤úb, eRª, So, e„wó, hvb-f½ BZ¨vw`); (6)
Òwemg cwinviRvÓ A_©vr wecixZ fv‡e, AbywPZ fv‡e `ªe¨vwì
eënvi; (7) AvKw¯§K AvµgY; (8) K¤§©-wecvK A_©vr
DrcxoK I DcNvZK K¤§©-cÖfv‡e Drcbœ e¨vwa BZ¨vw`| Rx‡ei
`ytL I g„Zzï KviY ïay K¤§© b‡n; we‡k¦i MVb-cÖYvjxB Bnv‡K
g„Zz¨kxj Ges myZivs `ytL-gq Kwiqv‡Q| GLv‡bB †jv‡KvË‡ii
Avek¨KZv|
Pz¨wZ-cÖwZmwÜ Aa¨vqbKv‡j wb‡æi K‡qKwU welq g‡b ivLv
Avek¨Ktø
1| Pz¨wZ-wPË I cÖwZmwÜ-wPË cÖ‡Z¨KwU GK GK wPË-
ÿwYK| fev‡½i cÖwZmwÜ Kvjxb M„nxZ Avj¤^b-cwiZ¨vMB
Pz¨wZ-wPË ev gi‡YvrcwË|
2| Pz¨wZ, cÖwZmwÜ I fev‡½i exw_ bvB; myZivs Zvnv‡ì
RebI bvB| wecvK-wP‡ËiI Reb bvB|
3| Pz¨wZ-wPË exw_-gy³| Avmbœ-wP‡Ëi exw_ †kl nBqv
†M‡j, GK wPË-ÿ‡Yi Rb¨ Pz¨wZ-wPË Drcbœ nq Ges
fev½vj¤^b cwiZ¨vM K‡i| Pz¨wZi ciB cÖwZmwÜ-wPË Drcbœ
nq| GB Dfq wP‡Ëi g‡a¨ fev½-cvZ N‡U bv|
4| AvMgbKvix f‡ei c‡ÿ hvnv cÖwZmwÜ-wPË, ZvnvB †mB

AvMZ f‡ei fev½-wPË Ges ZvnvB †mB f‡ei wem¾©‡bi mgq
Pz¨wZ-wPË| Zvnv‡ì ci¯úi m¤^Ü AbšÍi, mgbšÍi, bvw¯Í,
weMZ| Ges Zvnviv exw_-gy³ wecvK-wPË| 106 c„ôv `ªóe¨|
5| Avmbœ-K¤§©, ev¯‘i `yeŸ©jZv †nZz, `yeŸ©j; GB Kvi‡Y
Bnvi RbK-kw³ bvB| Bnvi K…Z¨ b~Zb Rb¥ wb×©viY; Ges Bnv
K¤§©, K¤§©-wbwgË ev MwZ-wbwgË Drcv`b Øviv H wb×©viY-K…Z¨
m¤úv`b K‡i| Ges †mB wb×©viY Abymv‡i cÖwZmwÜ-weÁvb
cÖwZmwÜ-K…Z¨ m¤úv`b K‡i|
gšÍe¨tø wkÿv_©xiv GLb wb‡RivB cÖkœ I Z`yËi wbeŸ©vPb
Kwi‡Z cvwi‡eb|
exw_-gy³ cwi‡”Q‡ì ms‡ÿcv_© eY©bv mgvß|
lô cwi‡”Q`|
iƒc-msMÖn|
1| m~Pbv-Mv_vt- wPË-‰PZwmK-ZË¡ cÖ‡f`vw` hZ,
G ch©¨šÍ cÂva¨v‡q n‡q‡Q ewY©Z|
D‡Ïk, wefvM, g~j, Kjvc, DrcwË,
G cÂ AvKv‡i wè iƒ‡ci wee„wZ|
2| iƒc-mgy‡Ïk ev cÖKvi †f`|
iƒc ev Ro-kw³ wØweat- Pvwi gnvf‚Z iƒc; Ges GB Pvwi
gnvf‚‡Zvrcbœ iƒc| GB wØwea iƒc GKv`k fv‡M wef³| wKiƒ‡c
GKv`k?
(1) gnvf‚Ziƒctø c„w_ex-avZz, Avc-avZz, †ZR-avZz, evqy-
avZz|
(2) cÖmvìƒctø Pÿz, †kªvÎ, NªvY, wRnŸv, Kvq|
(3) †MvPi-iƒctø iƒc, kã, MÜ, im Ges Avc-avZz ew¾©Z

f‚ZÎq bvgK ¯úÖóe¨|
(4) fve-iƒctø ¯¿xfve, cysfve|
(5) ü`q-iƒctø ü`q-ev¯‘|
(6) RxweZ-iƒctø Rxwe‡Zw›`ªq|
(7) Avnvi-iƒctø KejxK…Z Avnvi|
GB AvVvi cÖKvi iƒc Ab¨ cÖKv‡iI cÖ‡f` Kiv hvB‡Z
cv‡i| (K) ¯^ ¯^ ¯^fve Abymv‡i; (L) gyL¨ jÿY Abymv‡i; (M)
K¤§©vw` wewfbœ cÖZ¨q Øviv wb®úv`b Abymv‡i; (N) cwieË©bkxjZv
Abymv‡i; (O) we`k©b fvebvi Avj¤^b Abymv‡i|
(8) cwi‡”Q`-iƒctø AvKvk-avZz|
(9) weÁwß-iƒctø Kvq-weÁwß, evK&-weÁwß|
(10) weKvi-iƒctø jNyZv, g„`yZv, K¤§©Y¨Zv|
(11) jÿY-iƒctø DcPq, mšÍwZ, RiZv, AwbZ¨Zv| wKš‘
GLv‡b ïay iƒ‡ci DrcwË ÒDcPqÓ I (DcP‡qi) ÒmšÍwZÓ
GB bv‡g ewY©Z nBqv‡Q| GBiƒ‡c GMvi cÖKvi iƒc ¯^Kxq
¸Yvbymv‡i wePvi Kwi‡Z †M‡j AvUvk cÖKvi nq|
3| ¯§viK-Mv_vt- f‚Z, cÖmv`, welq, fve I ü`q,
RxweZ, Avnvi mn Aóv`k nq|
cwi‡”Q` I weÁwß, weKvi, jÿY,
Awb®úbœ `k; †gvU AvUvk MYb|
GB ch©¨šÍ iƒc-mgy‡Ïk|
4| iƒc-wefvM|
GB mKj iƒc A‡nZzK, mcÖZ¨q, mvme, ms¯‹…Z, †jvKxq,
KvgvePi, Abvj¤^b, AcÖnvZe¨, Ava¨vwÍK ev evwn¨Kvw` †f‡`
wef³ Kwi‡Z †M‡j eûav Kiv hvB‡Z cv‡i|
Zvnv wK cÖKvi?
(1) cÂ cÖmv`-iƒc Ava¨vwÍK, evKx me evwn¨K|
(2) cÂ cÖmv`-iƒc I ü`q-iƒc,ø GB QqwU ev¯‘-iƒc; evKx
me Aev¯‘-iƒc|
(3) cÂ cÖmv` I weÁwßØq- GB mvZwU Øvi-iƒc; evKx me
AØvi-iƒc|
(4) cÂ cÖmv`, fveØq Ges Rxwe‡Zw›`ªq- GB AvUwU Bw›`ªq-
iƒc; Aewkó ¸wj Awbw›`ªq-iƒc|
(5) cÂ cÖmv` I mß welqø GB Øv`kwU ¯’‚j-iƒc, mwšÍK-
iƒc, mcÖwZN-iƒc; evKx m~²iƒc, `~iiƒc, AcÖwZN-iƒc|
(6) K¤§©Riƒc M„nxZ (Dcvw`Yœ) iƒc; Aewkó ¸wj AM„nxZ
(Abycvw`Yœ) iƒc|
(7) eY©vqZb `„k¨gvbiƒc; evKx me A`„k¨gvbiƒc|
(8) Pÿz, †kªvÎ Am¤ú„³ iƒc; NªvY, wRnŸv, Kvq, m¤ú„³
iƒc| Ges GB cuvPwUB †MvPi-MÖvnx iƒc| evKx ¸wj †MvPi
AMÖvnx iƒc|
(9) eY©, MÜ, im, IR, Ges Pvwi gnvf‚Z-iƒc,øGB AvUwU
AwewbfvR¨-iƒc; Aewkó me wewbfvR¨-iƒc|
5| ¯§viK-Mv_vt- G cÖKv‡i Ro-¸Y AvUvk cÖKv‡i,
Ávbxiv wefvM K‡i kix‡i, evwn‡i|
GB ch©¨šÍ iƒc-wefvM|
6| iƒc-mgyÌvb|
K¤§©, wPË, FZz I Avnvi,øGB Pvwi welq Øviv iƒ‡ci mgyÌvb
(Ae¯’všÍi) nq|
(1) K¤§©-mgyÌvb iƒctøcÖwZmwÜ-ÿY nB‡Z ÿ‡Y ÿ‡Y
Kvg‡jv‡Ki I iƒc‡jv‡Ki cuwPk cÖKvi KzkjvKzkj K¤§© K¤§©R
iƒc Drcbœ K‡i|
(2) wPË-mgyÌvb iƒctø Aiƒc wecvK I wØcÂ weÁvb ew¾©Z
75 cÖKvi wPË cÖ_g fev‡½i cÖ_g ÿY nB‡Z, DrcwËi ÿ‡Y
ÿ‡Y wPËR iƒc Drcv`b K‡i| GLv‡b Ac©Yv-Reb Ch©¨vc_‡KI
`„p K‡i| eë¯’vcb wPË Ges ÒKvgvePi-RebÓ ÒCl¨©vÓ
weÁwßI Drcv`b K‡i; †Zi cÖKvi †mŠgbm¨ Reb nmb-wPËI
Drcv`b K‡i|
(3) FZz-mgyÌvb iƒctø kx‡ZvÂ bvg‡aq †ZR-avZz hLb
w¯’wZÿY cÖvß nq, ZLb Ae¯’vbymv‡i †`n¯’ ev evwn¨K FZz-
mgyÌvb iƒc Drcv`b K‡i|
(4) Avnvi-mgyÌvbiƒctø Avnviøhvnvi Ab¨ bvg IRtø
hLb cwicvK nBqv †`‡ni A½xf‚Z nB‡Z _v‡K Ges hLb
w¯’wZcÖvß nq, ZLbB Avnvi mgyÌvb iƒc Drcv`b Kwi‡Z _v‡K|
Zb¥‡a¨ Òü`q-iƒcÓ Ges ÒBw›`ªq-iƒcÓ K¤§©R| ÒweÁwßØqÓ
wPËR| ÒkãÓ wPËR I FZzR| ÒjNyZvw`ÎqÓ FZz-wPË-Avnvi
m¤¢‚Z ÒAwewbfvR¨ iƒcÓ Ges ÒAvKvk-avZzÓ Pvwi Kvi‡YB
Drcbœ nq| ÒjÿY-iƒc-PZzóqÓ GB KviY PZzó‡qi †KvbwU
Øviv Drcbœ nq bv|
7| ¯§viK-Mv_vt- K‡¤§© Aóv`k iƒc, wP‡Ë cÂ`k,

FZyrcbœ Î‡qv`k, Avnv‡i Øv`k|
iƒ‡cvrcwË Avw` ïay ¯^fv‡e weKvk;
jÿY iƒ‡c‡i †Kn K‡ibv cÖKvk|
GB ch©¨šÍ iƒc-mgyÌvb-bxwZ|
8| iƒc-Kjvc|
†h mKj iƒc GKm‡½ Drcbœ nq, GKm‡½ wb‡iva cÖvß nq,
GK wbkªq MÖnY K‡i Ges GKm‡½ we`¨gvb _v‡K, Zvnv‡ì
mgevq GK Kjvc ev ¸”Q| GB ¸Yvbymv‡i †kªYxfvM Kwi‡j
GKzk cÖKvi iƒc-Kjvc nq|
bq cÖKvi K¤§©-mgyÌvb Kjvct-
(1) Rxwe‡Zw›`ªq, AwewbfvRïƒc, Pÿz mn Pÿz-`kK|
(2) Rxwe‡Zw›`ªq, AwewbfvRïƒc, †kªvÎ mn †kªvÎ-`kK|
(3) Rxwe‡Zw›`ªq, AwewbfvRïƒc, NªvY mn NªvY-`kK|
(4) Rxwe‡Zw›`ªq, AwewbfvRïƒc, wRnŸv mn wRnŸv-`kK|
(5) Rxwe‡Zw›`ªq, AwewbfvRïƒc, Kvq mn Kvq-`kK|
(6) Rxwe‡Zw›`ªq, AwewbfvRïƒc, ¯¿xfve mn ¯¿xfve-`kK|
(7) Rxwe‡Zw›`ªq, AwewbfvRïƒc, cysfve mn cysfve-`kK|
(8) Rxwe‡Zw›`ªq, AwewbfvRïƒc, ü`q-ev¯‘ mn ev¯‘-`kK|
(9) Rxwe‡Zw›`ªq, AwewbfvRïƒc, ..... RxweZ beK|
Qq cÖKvi wPË-mgyÌvb Kjvct-
(1) Aówea AwewbfvRïƒ‡ci Ab¨ bvg Òï×vóKÓ|
(2) GB ï×vóK Kvq-weÁwß mnøÒKvq-weÁwß beKÓ|
(3) ï×vóK, kã, evK&-weÁwß mnøÒevK&-weÁwß-`kKÓ|
(4) ï×vóK, jNyZv, g„`yZv, K¤§©Y¨Zv mnø ÒjNyZvw`
GKv`kKÓ|
(5) Kvq-weÁwß, ÒjNyZvw` GKv`kKÓ mn ÒKvq-weÁwß-

jNyZvw` Øv`kKÓ|
(6) evK&-weÁwß, kã, ÒjNyZvw` GKv`kKÓ mn
ÒÎ‡qv`kKÓ|
Pvwi cÖKvi FZz-mgyÌvb Kjvctø
(1) ï×vóK|
(2) ï×vóK, kã mn,øÒkã beKÓ|
(3) ï×vóK mn jNyZvw` GKv`kK,øÒjNyZvw` GKv`kKÓ|
(4) ï×vóK, kã mn jNyZvw` Øv`kK,øÒkã-jNyZvw`
Øv`kKÓ|
`yB cÖKvi Avnvi-mgyÌvb Kjvctø
(1) ï×vóK|
(2) ï×vóK mn jNyZvw` GKv`kK|
Dc‡iv³ Òï×vóKÓ I Òkã-beKÓ wØwea FZz-mgyÌvb
Kjvc evwn‡iI Drcbœ nq| Aewkó mg¯Í Kjvc Ava¨vwÍK A_©vr
ïay Rxe-‡`‡nB Drcbœ nq|
9| ¯§viK-Mv_vt- K‡¤§© bq, wP‡Ë Qq, FZz Pvwi M‡Y,
Avnv‡i Kjvc `yB,øGKzk GKz‡b|
AvKvk, jÿY Pvwi Kjvcv½ b‡n,
G‡Kvrcbœ b‡n ZvÕiv cwÐ‡Ziv K‡n|
GB ch©¨šÍ Kjvc‡hvRbv|
10| iƒ‡cvrcwËi µg|

Kvg‡jv‡Ktø
Kvg‡jv‡Ki mË¡MY GB mg¯Í iƒc h‡_vwPZ fv‡e cÖeË©‡bi
mgq cwic~Y©vKv‡i cÖvß nq|
†¯^`R I Jccvw`K m‡Ë¡i cÖwZmwÜi mgq Pÿz, †kªvÎ, NªvY,
wRnŸv, Kvq, fve, ev¯‘ GB mß `kK AwaK c‡ÿ, Ges b~¨b
c‡ÿ wZb `kK Drcbœ nq| A_©vr KLbI KLbI Pÿz, †kªvÎ,
NªvY, I fve,øGB Pvwi `kK Drcbœ nq bv| †mB †nZz Zvnv‡ì
Kjvc-nvwb nq|
cÿvšÍ‡i Me&fvkq mË¡M‡Yi Kvq, fve, ev¯‘,øGB wZb `kK
Drcbœ nq| KLbI ev fve-`kK Drcbœ nq bv| cÖeË©b-Kv‡j
µ‡g Pÿz-`kKvw` Drcbœ nq|
GB cÖKv‡i cÖwZmwÜi mgq nB‡Z K¤§©-mgywÌZ iƒc-Kjvc-
mšÍwZ, wØZxq wPË-ÿY nB‡Z wPË-mgywÌZ, w¯’wZÿY nB‡Z
FZz-mgywÌZ Ges cwicv‡Ki mgq nB‡Z Avnvi-mgywÌZ iƒc-
Kjvc-mšÍwZ, Kvg‡jv‡K, `xc-wkLvi b¨vq, b`x-‡mªv‡Zi b¨vq
hve`vqy Awew”Qbœ fv‡e cÖevwnZ nB‡Z _v‡K|
giY-Kv‡j iƒ‡ci wµqvtø
giY-Kv‡j, Pz¨wZ-wP‡Ëi mß`k wPËÿY c~‡eŸ©,øw¯’wZÿY
nB‡Z Avi K¤§©R iƒc-Kjvc Drcbœ nq bv| c~‡eŸ©vrcbœ K¤§©R
iƒc-Kjvc Pz¨wZ-wPËÿY ch©¨šÍ cÖevwnZ nBqv wbiæ× nq|
Zrci wPËR I AvnviR iƒc-Kjvc wew”Qbœ nq| meŸ©‡k‡l FZz-
mgywÌZ iƒc-Kjvc-ci¯úiv g„Z K‡jei ch©¨šÍ cÖevwnZ nq|
11| ¯§viK-Mv_vt- AvgiY Ro-kw³ G bxwZ AvP‡i;
cÖwZmwÜ nÕ†Z cybt G bxwZB a‡i|
12| iƒc‡jv‡Kt-
wKš‘ iƒc‡jv‡K NªvY, wRnŸv, Kvq I fve `kK Ges AvnviR
iƒc-Kjvc Drcbœ nq bv| †mRb¨ Z_vq cªwZmwÜ Kv‡j Pÿz-
‡kªvÎ-ev¯‘ `kKÎq I RxweZ-beK,øGB Pvwi cÖKvi K¤§©mgywÌZ
iƒc-Kjvc Ges cÖeË©bKv‡j wPË I FZz mgywÌZ iƒc-Kjvc
Drcbœ nq|
AmsÁ-mË¡M‡Yi Ggb wK Pÿz, †kªvÎ, ev kã-KjvcI Drcbœ
nq bv| Z`ªƒc Zvnviv wPË-mgywÌZ iƒc-Kjv‡cI ewÂZ|
†mBRb¨ Zvnv‡ì cÖwZmwÜi mgq Zvnviv RxweZ-beK gvÎ Ges
cÖeË©‡bi mgq Z‡ZvwaK kã-ew¾©Z FZz-mgywÌZ iƒc-KjvcI
cÖvß nq|
GB cÖKv‡i Kvg, iƒc I AmsÁ,øGB wZb †jv‡K cÖwZmwÜ
I cÖeË©bKvjvbymv‡i wØwea iƒ‡cvrcwË eywS‡Z nB‡e|
13| ¯§viK-Mv_vt-
Kv‡g‡Z AvUvk iƒc; iƒ‡c †ZBk cvB;
m‡Zi AmsÁ-‡jv‡K; Aiƒ‡c‡Z bvB|
weKvi, RiZv, kã, P‚¨wZ-mwÜKv‡j;
Abyf‚Z b‡n; wKš‘ cÖeË©b wg‡j|
GB ch©¨šÍ iƒ‡cvrcwË µg|
14| wbeŸ©vb-KvÐ|
wbeŸ©vb-hvnv †jv‡KvËi ewjqv cwiMwYZ Zvnv,øPvwi gvM©-
Ávb Øviv cÖZ¨ÿ Kwi‡Z nq| Bnv Pvwi gv‡M©i I Pvwi d‡ji
Avj¤^b Ges ÒevbÓ (eÜb) bvgK Z…òv nB‡Z ewnM©gb| Bnv
¯^fvevbymv‡i GKwea| wKš‘ b¨vqm½Z Awfe¨w³i Dcvq Abymv‡i
wØwea,ømDcvw`‡kl wbeŸ©vb-avZz Ges Abycvw`‡kl wbeŸ©vb-
avZz| †mBiƒc AvKvi †f‡` wÎwea,øk~b¨, AwbwgË, AcÖwYwnZ|
15| ¯§viK-Mv_vt-
ÒAPz¨Z-AbšÍc`, AK…Z I †jvKvZxZÓ,
Z„òv-gy³ gnwl©iv Kwiqv‡Q cÖPvwiZ
wbeŸ©v‡b‡i| †mBiƒc Z_vMZMY
cigv‡_© Kwiqv‡Q PZz×©v eY©btø
wPË, ˆPZwmK, iƒc, wbeŸ©vb cig|
GB ch©¨šÍ Awfa¤§v_©-msMÖ‡n iƒc msMÖn bvgK
lô cwi‡”Q`|
iƒc-msMÖ‡ni ms‡ÿcv_© eY©bv|
G hver 1-3 cwi‡”Q‡` wPË-‰PZwm‡Ki wefvM Ges 4-5
cwi‡”Q‡` cÖeË©bKvjxb I cÖwZmwÜ Kvjxb wPË-‰PZwm‡Ki
Kvh©¨vejx we‡kølY Kiv nBqv‡Q| GLb GB lô cwi‡”Q‡` iƒc-
¯‹‡Üi ¸Y †f‡` 28 cÖKvi bvgKiY, Zvnv‡ì Ava¨vwÍK-
evwn¨Kvw` †f‡` wefvM, Ae¯’v-cwieË©‡bi KviY, Kjvc I
DrcwË-µg, GB cÂvKv‡i eY©b Kiv hvB‡Z‡Q|
†eŠ×-`k©b Ro-RMZ‡K Bnvi ¸Y I kw³‡Z cwiYZ
KwiqvB ch©¨‡eÿY Kwiqv‡Q Ges eywSqv‡Q †h, BnvI
g‡bvRM‡Zi b¨vq wbišÍi cwieË©‡bi cÖevn| hvnv kx‡Z m¼zwPZ
I DËv‡c cÖmvwiZ nq ZvnvB ÒiƒcÓ| ÒiƒcÓ mvaviY A‡_© Ro-
c`v_©; †jŠwKK A‡_© eY© I AvKvi; Ges we‡klv‡_© Ro-c`v‡_©i
¸Yvejx‡K eySvq| Awfa‡¤§© GB we‡klv‡_©B Bnv Av‡jvwPZ
nBqv‡Q|
1| Ro-c`v_© gvÎB ¯’vb AwaKvi Kwiqv _v‡K| myZivs
Ò¯’vbve‡ivaKZvÓ ev Òwe¯Í„wZÓ R‡oi GKwU †gŠwjK ¸Y| Bnvi
AšÍM©Z ¸Y KwVbZv-‡KvgjZv| KwVbZv I †KvgjZv Zzjbv
g~jK; †hgb Kvc©vm R‡ji Zzjbvq KwVb e‡U, gvwUi Zzjbvq
wKš‘ †Kvgj| myZivs Kvc©vm‡K KwVb ev †Kvgj ejv Ab¨ e¯‘i

mwnZ Bnvi Zzjbvi Dci wbf©i K‡i| R‡oi GB we¯Í…wZ I
KwVbZv-‡KvgjZv ¸‡Yi cwifvlv Òc„w_ex-avZzÓ| ÒcÌiZxÕwZ
c„w_exÓ| cvwj ÒcÌiwZÓ A_© we¯Í…Z nIqv| c„w_ex kã Øviv
†Kn †hb GB Avgv‡ì evmf‚wg c„w_ex‡K bv ey‡Sb| Aek¨
c„w_exUvI Ro c`v_© Ges BnviI Ab¨vb¨ ¸‡Yi mwnZ Òc„w_ex-
avZzÓ ¸YI we`¨gvb Av‡Q| R‡oi GB Òwe¯Í…wZÓ ¸Y‡K ÒavZzÓ
ejv nBqv‡Q, KviY meŸ©ve¯’vq Ro Zvnvi GB wewkó we¯Í…wZ ¸Y
ev ¯^fve aviY K‡i|
R‡oi Avi GKwU †gŠwjK ¸Y Òmsmw³Ó| GB ¸Y e‡j Ro
wcÐxf‚Z nB‡Z cv‡i| Zij c`v_©,ø‡hgb Rj,øwØav wef³
nB‡jI ¯^Zt cybt Roxf‚Z nq GB Òmsmw³iÓ Kvi‡Y Ges
R‡jB GB msmw³-¸Y cÖKU| GBRb¨ GB msmw³i cwifvlv
ÒAvc-avZzÓ| Avc& A_© eÜb| GB Avc-avZz ev msmw³ †hgb
R‡j, †Zgb †jŠn`‡Ð, myeY©L‡ÐI we`¨gvb|
R‡oi Z…Zxq †gŠwjK ¸Y ÒZvcÓ| Zvcnxb c`v_© bvB|
Dò-kxZj Zv‡ci Zzjbv g~jK Ae¯’v gvÎ| Bnvi cwifvlv
Ò†ZR-avZzÓ| `», DËß, Av‡jvwKZ, cwicvK Kwievi kw³B
GB †ZRavZz|
R‡oi PZz_© †gŠwjK ¸Y ÒMwZkxjZvÓ| Ges Bnvi cwifvlv
Òevqy-avZzÓ| hvnv cÖevwnZ nq A_©vr MwZkxj ZvnvB evqy| P›`ª,
m~h©¨, MÖn, bÿÎ Bnv‡ì evqy-avZz-¸‡YB ¯^ ¯^ K‡ÿ Nywi‡Z
cvwi‡Z‡Q| GB Avgv‡ì †`n, A½-cÖZ¨½, n«¯^ c`vw`‡K gb
MwZkxjZv ev evqy-avZzi we`¨gvbZvi Kvi‡Y B”QvgZ cwiPvjbv
Kwi‡Z cv‡i| R‡oi hw` GB ¸Y bv _vwKZ Z‡e MwZ, †eM,
fvwiZ¡, aviY, evav`vb, Pjb-kxjZv, evqy-cÖevn, †Rvqvi-fvUv
BZ¨vw` MwZ-wµqv m¤¢e nBZ bv| GB evqy-avZz, †ZR-avZzi
mwnZ Awe‡”Q`¨ fv‡e RwoZ Ges DËv‡ci Drcv`K| Ro-

RM‡Z †hgb evqy-avZz Ges †ZR-avZz, g‡bvRM‡Z †Zgwb wPË
Ges K¤§©| R‡oi GB ¸Y PZzóq ci¯úi AvwkªZ, mnRvZ, I
m¤^ÜxfzZ Ges eY©, MÜ, im, I‡Ri mwnZ mshy³| GB
ms‡hv‡Mi gvÎvwaK¨vbymv‡i R‡oi wewfbœ Ae¯’v, wewfbœ AvKvi|
c„w_ex-avZz‡Z KwVbZv, Av‡c msmw³, †Z‡R Zvc Ges evqy‡Z
†e‡Mi AvwaK¨ we`¨gvb| R‡oi GB kw³ PZzó‡qi mvaviY bvg
Ògnvf‚Z-iƒcÓ| Ògnvf‚ZÓ A_© gn`vKv‡i ev cÖKUvKv‡i MwVZ|
myZivs Bnvi A_© GB †h, R‡oi †hB †hB ¸Y gn`vKv‡i MwVZ
nBqv, Drcbœ nBqv Av‡Q, †mB ¸YB Ògnvf‚Z-iƒcÓ| R‡oi
†gŠwjK ¸Y PZzóq nB‡ZB evKx 24 cÖKvi iƒc Drcbœ nq, Ges
†mB Drcbœ iƒc cÖ‡Z¨KwU‡ZB GB Pvwi ¸Y cÖKU fv‡e we`¨gvb
Av‡Q| f‚Ziƒc e¨ZxZ GB 24 cÖKvi iƒ‡ci mvaviY bvg
ÒDcv`viƒcÓ ev Drcbœ iƒc|
(2) cÖmv`-iƒctø cÖmv` A_© ¯^”QZv; GB ¯^”QZv-¸Y-wewkó
Ro-c`v_©¸wjB cÖmv`-iƒc| ¯^”Q `c©‡Y †hgb c`v‡_©i cÖwZwe¤^
c‡o, †Zgwb GB cÖmvìƒ‡ci AšÍM©Z P‡ÿ e‡Y©i, †kªv‡Î k‡ãi,
Nªv‡Y (bvwmKvq) M‡Üi, wRnŸvq i‡mi Ges Kvqvq ¯úÖó‡eï
(Z¡wMw›`ªq MÖvn¨ Ro-¸‡Yi), †hb cÖwZwe¤^ cZb Øviv ¯ú‡k©vrcwË
nq| GBRb¨ Bnv‡ì mvaviY bvg ÒcÖmv`-iƒcÓ| GB cÖmv`-
iƒc‡K ev¯‘-iƒcI ejv nq| Òü`q-ev¯‘Ó mwnZ ev¯‘iƒc QqwU|
101 c„ôvq wP‡Ëi ev¯‘-msMÖn Ges 112 c„ôvq Dnvi ms‡ÿcv_©
`ªóe¨| Pÿz Øviv `k©b-K…Z¨ m¤úvw`Z nq; GB ¸Y PÿziB Av‡Q,
Ab¨ R‡oi bvB| myZivs Bnv Pÿzi we‡kl ¸Y| wKš‘ Pÿzi
we¯Í…wZ ev ¯’vbve‡ivaKZv, msmw³, Zvc I MwZkxjZv Ab¨vb¨
R‡oi mwnZ mvaviY ¸Y| GB Rb¨ ejv nq Pÿz‡Z c„w_ex-avZz,
Avc-avZz, †ZR-avZz, evqy-avZz we`¨gvb| †hgb Pÿz m¤^‡Ü
†Zgb Ab¨ Pvwi cÖmv`-iƒc m¤^‡Ü| †kªv‡Îi kªeY-K…Z¨, Nªv‡Yi

AvNªvY-K…Z¨ wRnŸvi imvbyfe-K…Z¨ Ges Kvqvi ¯úÖóe¨-K…Z¨
we‡kl ¸Y; mvaviY ¸Y b‡n| Zvnv‡ì mvaviY ¸Y c„w_ex-avZz
ev we¯Í…wZ, Avc-avZz ev msmw³, †ZR-avZz ev Zvc, evqy avZz ev
MwZkxjZv|
(3) †MvPi-iƒctø †MvPi A‡_© †Mv-PiY f‚wg| Pÿvw`
c‡Âw›`ªq iƒcvw` Avj¤^‡b wePiY K‡i ewjqv iƒc, kã, MÜ, im
I ¯úÖóe¨‡K Ò†MvPi-iƒcÓ ejv nq| iƒc c`v‡_©i bvbv eY© I
AvKvi; Bnv Pÿz-MÖvn¨| kã, MÜ, im eySv mnR| Kvqv ev
Z¡wMw›`ª‡qi Avj¤^b Avc-avZz ew¾©Z f‚ZÎq, A_©vr c„w_ex-avZz,
†ZR-avZz, I evqy-avZz| Avc-avZz ev msmw³ Z¡wMw›`ªq ev
Kvqvi MÖvn¨ b‡n, myZivs Kvqvi Avj¤^bI b‡n| Av‡ci
†KvgjZv c„w_ex-avZz; kxZjZv †ZR-avZz; †eM evqy-avZz; GB
me Kvqv-MÖvn¨| wKš‘ Bnvi msmw³ Kvqv-MÖvn¨ b‡n| GB A‡_©
Kvqvi Avj¤^b ¯úÖóe¨ A_©vr Avc-avZz ew¾©Z f‚ZÎq|
(4) fve-iƒctø Òf‚Ó avZz wb®úbœ ÒfveÓ kã Øviv R‡oi
Drcbœ ¸Y eySvq| ¯¿x-fveiƒc-A_© ¯¿x-RvwZ-myjf AvKvi,
eënvi, Pjb, fvlY, A½-cÖZ¨½, nve-fve-f½x BZ¨vw` Drcbœ
¸Y| Òcys-fve-iƒcÓ A_© cyiæ‡lvwPZ AvKvi, A½-cÖZ¨½, Pjb,
fvlY, nve-fve-f½x BZ¨vw` Drcbœ ¸Y| Geswea ¸Yvejx ¯¿x I
cyiæl Df‡qi meŸ©v‡½ cwie¨vß| GB ¸Yvejx Drcv`‡b B›`ªZ¡ ev
AvwacZ¨ K‡i ewjqv Bnv‡K ¯¿x-Bw›`ªq, cys-Bw›`ªq ejv nq|
(5) ü`q-iƒctø 112 c„ôvq ev¯‘-msMÖn `ªóe¨|
(6) RxweZ-iƒctø iƒ‡ci Rxebx-kw³| K¤§© e‡j iƒc-¯‹‡Üi
DrcwË nB‡jI Bnvi Rxebx-kw³ GB iƒc-Rxwe‡Zw›`ª‡qi
we`¨gvbZvi Dci wbf©i K‡i| Dw™¢` ev cÖ¯iÍ vw`‡Z GB ¸Y
we`¨gvb bvB| GB ¸YI Rx‡ei meŸ©v‡½ we`¨gvb| Dw™¢‡ì
Rxeb IRt I †ZRavZzi Dci wbf©i K‡i| †ZR avZz ev

kx‡ZvòZvB ev®ú, e„wó, †gN, FZz-‰el‡gï Ges Dw™¢`vwì
DrcwË-e„w× KviY|
(7) Avnvi-iƒctø iƒ‡ci †cvlY I cywói Rb¨ Avnvi
cÖ‡qvRb| Rxwe‡Zw›`ªqI GB Avnv‡i wbf©ikxj| KejxK…Z ev
MjvatKiY Øviv hvnv Avnvi Kiv hvq, ZvnvB KejxK…Zvnvi|
KejxK…Zvnv‡ii GB †cvlY I e×©b ¸Y Av‡Q ewjqvB, GB
Avnv‡ii Rb¨ gvbyl Ges BZi cÖvYx bvbvwea cwikªg I
Kv‡h©ïZ _v‡K|
c„w_ex-avZz nB‡Z KejxK…Z-Avnvi ch©¨šÍ 18 cÖKvi iƒc‡K
Òwb®úbœ-iƒcÓ ejv nq, KviY Z…òv-`„wó-gvb m¤úÖhy³ K¤§© Øviv
GB 18 cÖKvi iƒc Drcbœ nq| bx‡Pi `k cÖKvi iƒc K¤§©-wb®úbœ
b‡n, GRb¨ Zvnviv ÒAwb®úbœ-iƒcÓ|
(8) cwi‡”Q`-iƒctø cwi‡”Q` iƒ‡ci mxgv-e¨ÄK ¸Y| Bnv
mvšÍiZviB Ab¨ bvg; GB mvšÍiZv ev mw”Q`ªZvB AvKvk-avZz|
c`v_© hZB AYy-cigvYy wewkó nDK bv †Kb, hZB wb‡iU nDK
bv †Kb, Dnv mvšÍiZv ev AvKvk-avZz ew¾©Z nB‡Z cv‡i bv|
GB ¸Y Av‡Q ewjqv c`v_©‡K f½ Kiv hvq| evjyKv¯Í‚‡ci g‡a¨
†hgb AvKvk we`¨gvb, cÖ‡Z¨K evjyKv KYvqI †Zgb AvKvk
we`¨gvb| evjyKv-¯‘c AcmvwiZ Kwi‡j Z`yrcbœ AvKvkI
Acm„Z nq|
(9) weÁwß-iƒctø Ro-c`v‡_©i †hB ¸‡Yi mvnv‡h¨
g‡bvfve e¨³ Kiv hvq ev e¨³ nBqv c‡o, ZvnvB weÁwß-iƒc|
A_©-c~Y© evK¨ Øviv G‡Ki g‡bvfve A‡bï †evaMg¨ Kiv evK&-
weÁwß, Ges A½-cÖ‡Z¨‡½i mÂvj‡b, Bmviv-Bw½‡Z g‡bvfve
e¨³ Kivi bvg Kvq-weÁwß| kã wPËR nB‡j A_©vr AwfcÖvq
cÖKvkK nB‡j evK&-weÁwß| GKRb cov KÉ¯’ Kwi‡Z‡Q, Bnv
Zvnvi kã D”PviY nB‡Z Rvbv hvq| GKRb gv_v

PzjKvB‡Z‡Q,ø Bnv Zvnvi GB Kvq-wµqv nB‡Z Rvbv hvq|
Ro-c`v‡_©i GB ¸Y Av‡Q ewjqvB Rx‡ei g‡bvfve Awfe¨w³
cvq Ges Z¾wbZ myweav-Kzweav Zvnviv †fvM K‡i| wKš‘
eRªaŸwb, †g‡Ni WvK, mgy`ª-K‡jøvj, evZv‡mi ûû¼vi, D`‡ii
Kj Kj, weR„¤¢Y, giær-wµqv, e„ÿ-kvLvi mÂvjb, BZ¨vw`
weÁwß-iƒc b‡n; KviY GB me FZz-mgyÌvb; wPË-mgyÌvb b‡n|
A_©vr KvnviI B”Qvq nq bv; Zv‡ci êlg¨ †nZzB NwUqv _v‡K|
weÁwß-iƒcI weKvi-iƒ‡ci AšÍM©Z| wKš‘ weÁwßØq ïay wPËR|
weKvi-Îq wPË-FZz-AvnviR| GBRb¨ cÂweKvi-iƒc `yB fv‡M
cÖ`wk©Z|
(10) weKvi-iƒctø †h mKj iƒc Drcbœ Ae¯’vq Av‡Q,
Zvnv‡ì A_©vr RvZ-iƒ‡ci we‡kl Ae¯’vi bvg ÒweKviÓ| Bnv
wÎwea,øjNyZv, g„`yZv Ges K¤§©Y¨Zv| iƒ‡ci cøebkxjZv, nvj&Kv
fveB ÒjNyZvÓ| Kvq-wµqvq we‡ivwaZv bv Kwiqv B”Qvbyiƒc
mÂvjbkxjZvB Òg„`yZvÓ| kvixwiK wµqvi AbyK‚j Ae¯’vcbœZv,
K‡¤§©vc‡hvwMZvB ÒK¤§©Y¨ZvÓ| hLb †`‡ni †Kvb As‡k Pvwi
gnvf‚Ziƒ‡ci ZviZg¨ N‡U, ZLb Dnv Kvh©¨-m¤úv`b-Kv‡j fvix
†eva nq| †hgb evZ ev Ab¨ e¨vwaMÖ¯Í A½-cÖZ¨½, Avoó wRnŸv
BZ¨vw`| ZLb Dnv ïay jNyZvnxb nq bv, KwVb nq Ges myZivs
AK¤§©Y¨ nq| wKš‘ hLb Pvwi gnvf‚Z-iƒc h‡_vwPZ cwigv‡Y
we`¨gvb _v‡K, Ges †`nI my¯’ _v‡K, ZLbB Avgiv ewj‡Z cvwi
iƒ‡ci jNyZv, g„`yZv I K¤§©Y¨Zv ¸Yvejx wVK& Av‡Q|
(11) jÿY-iƒctø †h mKj cÖavb jÿY ev wPý Øviv wbwðZ
fv‡e Rvbv hvq †h, mg¯Í Ro-c`v_© Ges Zvnv‡ì ¸Yvejx
AwbZ¨Zv I cwieË©bkxjZvi Aaxb, †mB mKj wPýB ÒjÿY-
iƒcÓ| ÒDcPqÓ ewj‡Z DcPq Ges DcP‡qi mšÍwZ GB `yB
Ae¯’v eySvq| GB `yB Ae¯’vi g‡a¨ cÖ_g Ae¯’vi bvg ÒAPqÓ|

h_vtø cÖwZmwÜ| wØZxq Ae¯’v ÒDcPqÓ| h_vtøcÖwZmwÜi
ciÿY nB‡Z Pÿz-`kKvwì DrcwË ch©¨šÍ µwgK MVb|
DcwP‡Zi A_©vr c~Y© MwVZve¯’vi cÖevn ÒmšÍwZÓ| Aek¨ GB
mšÍwZi mgq ÿwYK ÒRoZvÓ ÿwYK ÒAwbZ¨ZvÓ (DrcwË-
w¯’wZ-f½) wbqwgZ fv‡e NwU‡Z _v‡K| APq nB‡Z mšÍwZi
†kl ch©¨šÍ iƒ‡ci DrcwË-Kvj; ÒRvwZiƒcÓ| ÒRiZvÓ
cZbve¯’v Ges ÒAwbZ¨ZvÓ g„Zve¯’v| GB me jÿY †hgb
e„‡ÿ, kvLv-cÖkvLvq, cÎ-cy®ú-d‡j `„ó nq, †Zgb cÖ‡Z¨K
ˆ`wnK wµqvq, MgbvMg‡b, `Ðvqgv‡b, kq‡bvc‡ek‡b, fvl‡Y
Ggb wK Pÿzi Db¥xj‡b I wbgxj‡b we`¨gvb| GB jÿY-iƒc
m¤^‡Ü ÒfvebvÓ we`k©‡bi AšÍM©Z|
4| iƒc-wefvMtø †jvf-‡Ølvwì Qq †nZz ˆPZwmK, iƒ‡ci
¸Y b‡n| GB A‡_© iƒc ÒA‡nZzKÓ| wKš‘ iƒcvj¤^b, kãvj¤^b,
MÜvj¤^b, imvj¤^b Ges ¯úÖóe¨vj¤^bvKv‡i Ro †jvfvw` †nZz-
DrcwËi Avj¤^b-cÖZ¨q ev Avj¤^‡bvcwbkªq cÖZ¨q nq; GBRb¨
iƒc ÒmcÖZ¨qÓ| Bnv‡Z GB eySv †Mj †h, iƒ‡ci cÖfv‡e †h
Z…òv ev †Øl R‡b¥, Zvnvi †nZz †mB e¨w³ ev †mB e¯‘ b‡n;
Zvnvi †nZz wbR wP‡Ë; Ges H e¯‘ ev e¨w³ Z…òv ev †Øl
DrcwËi Dcwbkªq ev Dcjÿ gvÎ| AKzkj wP‡ËvrcwËi Avj¤^b
ewjqv iƒc Kvgvmevwì mn‡hvMx, GBRb¨ Bnv ÒmvmeÓ| iƒc
cÖZ¨q-mgev‡q Drcbœ nq ewjqv Òms¯‹…ZÓømgev‡q K…Z| cÂ
Dcv`vb-¯‹Ü bvgK †jv‡Ki (AwbZ¨ wel‡qi) AšÍM©Z ewjqv iƒc
Ò†jŠwKqÓ Ges KvgZ…òvi (iƒc, kã, MÜ, im, ¯úÖó‡eï Rb¨
Z…òvi) wePiY-f‚wg ¯îƒc ewjqv ÒKvgvePiÓ| iƒc wP‡Ëi
Avj¤^bvKv‡iB eëüZ nq, wb‡R †Kvb cÖKvi Avj¤^b MÖnY
Kwi‡Z cv‡i bv; GBRb¨ Bnv ÒAbvj¤^bÓ| Z`½-cÖnvYvw` Øviv
cÂ-bxeiY‡K †hB cÖKvi cwiZ¨vM Kiv hvq, iƒc‡K †mB Dcv‡q

cwiZ¨vM Kiv hvq bv; GBRb¨ iƒc ÒAcÖnvZe¨Ó| ÒnvÓ avZzi
A_© cwiZ¨vM| A+cÖ+nv+Ze¨=AcÖnvZe¨| †`n¯’ iƒc
Ava¨vwÍK, Aewkó¸wj evwn¨K|
(1) cÂ cÖmvìƒc Ava¨vwÍK, KviY Zvnviv cÂ ¯‹‡Üi Dci
wbf©i KwiqvB Drcbœ nq I KvR K‡i; wKš‘ Ab¨vb¨ iƒc Z`ªƒc
wbf©ikxj b‡n, cÂ ¯‹‡Üi evwn‡iI we`¨gvb, GBRb¨ evwn¨K|
(2) ü`qiƒc ev¯‘ e‡U, wKš‘ Øvi b‡n| weÁwßØq Øvi e‡U, wKš‘
ev¯‘ b‡n| cÖmv`-iƒc wKš‘ ev¯‘, Øvi Dfq| evKx iƒc ev¯‘I b‡n
ØviI b‡n| (3) mßwea Øvi-iƒc exw_-wP‡Ëi Ges cÖvwY-eavw`
K‡¤§©i DrcwË-gyL-¯îƒc| Zb¥‡a¨ cÂ-cÖmv`-iƒc DrcwË-Øvi
Ges weÁwßØq K¤§©Øvi| †hgb ey×-iƒc Pÿz-cÖmv`-Øv‡i
cÖwZwew¤^Z nB‡j kª×v R‡b¥| Zrci AÄwje× n‡¯Í,
Òb‡gvZm&mÓ ev‡K¨ K¤§© Kiv nq| GB cÖKv‡i weÁwßØq K‡¤§©i
Øvi ¯îƒc Ges cÂ-cÖmv`-iƒc exw_-wP‡Ëi Øvi ¯îƒc| (4) Pÿz
`k©b-K…Z¨ m¤úv`‡b Pÿz-weÁvb I Zrm¤úÖhy³ ˆPZwmKvwì
DrcwË‡Z B›`ªZ¡ ev AvwacZ¨ K‡i| A_©vr Pÿz `yeŸ©j nB‡j
Z`yrcbœ weÁvbI `yeŸ©j nq, Pÿz Zxÿè nB‡j weÁvbI Zxÿè nq|
Z`ªƒc †kªvÎvw` m¤^‡Ü| fveØq‡K Bw›`ªq ejv nBqv‡Q, KviY
Zvnv ¯¿x-R‡bvwPZ I cyiæ‡lvwPZ AvKvivwì MV‡b I we‡klZ¡
m¤úv`‡b AvwacZ¨ K‡i| iƒc-Rxwe‡Zw›`ªq iƒc-Kv‡qi Rxebx-
kw³iƒ‡c Bnvi mšÍwZi Rb¨ Ab¨vb¨ iƒ‡ci Dci AvwacZ¨
K‡i| GBRb¨-GB AvUwU ÒBw›`ªq-iƒcÓ| evKx wekwU
ÒAwbw›`ªqÓ|
(5) cÂ cÖmv` I mß welq Ò¯’‚j-iƒcÓ| KviY Pÿz Bnvi
`k©b-Kvh©¨ e‡Y©i mwnZ msNl©YvKv‡iB m¤úv`b K‡i| †mBiƒc
Ab¨vb¨¸wj| Aewkó †lvj cÖKvi Òm~²-iƒcÓ; KviY Bnv‡ì
ZwØcixZ ¯^fve| ¯’‚j iƒc mn‡R I `ªæZ MÖnY Kiv hvq|

GBRb¨ Bnv‡ì Aci bvg ÒmwšÍK-iƒcÓ; Ges msNl©Y-¯^fve-
wewkó ewjqv ÒmcÖwZN-iƒcÓ| wKš‘ Òm~²-iƒcÓ mnR-MÖvn¨ b‡n
ewjqv Ò`~i-iƒcÓ Ges msNl©Y-Kvix b‡n ewjqv ÒAcÖwZN-
iƒcÓ|
(6) Pvwi gnvf‚Z, AvU Bw›`ªq, Pvwi welq, ü`q I
AvKvk,øGB AvVviwU K¤§©R iƒc| Bnviv Z…òv-`„wó-gvb Øviv `„p
fv‡e M„nxZ nq ewjqv ÒDcvw`Yœ-iƒcÓ ev M„nxZ-iƒc| K¤§© Øviv
wb®úvw`Z nq ewjqv Bnv‡ì Ab¨ bvg Òwb®úbœ-iƒcÓ| evKx ¸wj
ÒAbycvw`YœÓ ev ÒAM„nxZÓ ev ÒAwb®úbœ-iƒcÓ|
(7) eY© Pÿz-MÖvn¨, GRb¨ Bnv `„k¨gvb-iƒc| evKx me
ÒA`„k¨gvbÓ|
(8) NªvY, wRnŸv I Kvqvi mwnZ MÜ, im I ¯úÖó‡eï †h
¯úk© nq Zvnv msNwl©Z nBqvB N‡U; GRb¨ Bnviv Òm¤ú„³-
iƒcÓ| wKš‘ Pÿzi mwnZ e‡Y©i Ges †kªv‡Îi mwnZ k‡ãi ¯úk©
msNwl©Z nBqv N‡U bv, msNl©YvKv‡i-wbwgËvKv‡i-N‡U| GRb¨
Bnviv Am¤ú„³-iƒc| 64 c„ôv ¯úk© ˆPZwmK `ªóe¨|
iƒcvqZb‡K Ò`„óÓ ejv nq, KviY Bnv `k©‡bi welq|
kãvqZb kªe‡Yi welq ewjqv ÒkªæZÓ| wKš‘ MÜ, im I
¯úÖóe¨vqZb‡K ÒAbywgZÓ (gyZ) ejv nq; KviY Bnviv m¤ú„³-
iƒc| Aewkó iƒçwj ÒweÁvZÓ, KviY Zvnviv weÁvb ev wP‡Ëi
welq|
(9) cÖ‡Z¨K Ro-c`v‡_© Pvwi gnvf‚Z ev we¯Í…wZ, msmw³,
Zvc, fvwiZ¡ Ges eY©, MÜ, im, IRt GB Aówea ¸Y
AwewbfvR¨vKv‡i we`¨gvb| GBRb¨ GB Aó¸‡Yi mvaviY bvg
ÒAwewbfvR¨-iƒcÓ| evKx wek cÖKvi‡K c„_K Kiv hvq ewjqv
Zvnviv ÒwewbfvR¨-iƒcÓ|
6| iƒc-mgyÌvbtø GLv‡b iƒ‡ci mgyÌvb ewj‡Z ÒwKQy bvÓ

nB‡Z iƒ‡ci DrcwË b‡n; GB cÖKvi DrcwË inm¨ve„Z| `y»
nB‡Z †hgb `wai DrcwË, †Zgb iƒ‡ci GK Ae¯’v nB‡Z Ab¨
Ae¯’vi DrcwËB iƒc-mgyÌvb| iƒ‡ci C`„k mgyÌv‡bi KviYt-
K¤§©, wPË, FZz Ges Avnvi| Zb¥‡a¨ K¤§©, wPË Ges Avnvi ïay
Rxe-‡`‡nB iƒ‡ci Ae¯’všÍi NUvq| FZz wKš‘ Rxe-‡`‡n Ges
†`n e¨ZxZ Ab¨vb¨ evwn¨K iƒ‡ciI Ae¯’vi cwieË©b mvab
K‡i|
(1) K¤§©-mgyÌvb-iƒctøcÂ cÖmv`,øfveØq, ü`q I RxweZ
GB bq cÖKvi iƒcB weï× K¤§©R-iƒc| Bnv‡ì cÖ‡Z¨KwUi
mwnZ AwewbfvR¨-iƒc I AvKvk wbZ¨ mshy³| 12 AKzkj, 8
gnvKzkj, Ges 5 iƒcvePi Kzkj-K¤§©, cÖwZmwÜi ÿY nB‡Z,
cÖ‡Z¨K wPËÿ‡Yi DrcwË-w¯’wZ-f½ÿ‡Y, A_©vr wbišÍi GB
K¤§©R iƒ‡ci Ae¯’všÍi NUvq|
(2) wPË-mgyÌvb-iƒctø Kvq-weÁwß I evK&-weÁwß ï×
wPËR iƒc| Zw™¢bœ AwewbfvR¨ iƒc, kã, jNyZv, g„`yZv, K¤§©Y¨Zv
Ges AvKvk †hgb Ab¨vb¨ Kvi‡Y Drcbœ nq, †Zgb wPË ØvivI
Drcbœ nq| wPËR iƒc GB cbi cÖKvi| K¤§©R iƒc AZxZ
K¤§©Øviv Drcbœ iƒc| wKš‘ wPËR-iƒc eË©gvb Rxe‡b wPË Øviv
mgywÌZ iƒc| ÒAiƒc-wecvK-wPËÓ iƒc-weivM-¯^fve ewjqv
iƒc-mgyÌvb Kwi‡Z cv‡i bv| ÒwØ-cÂ weÁvbÓ a¨vbv½-
‰PZwmK-wecÖhy³; GRb¨ `yeŸ©j,øiƒc-mgyÌv‡b Aÿg| Aewkó
75 wPËB iƒc-mgyÌvbKwi‡Z cv‡i| Z‡e we‡klZ¡ GB †h, 26
cÖKvi Ac©Yv-Reb-wPË †hgb Ab¨vb¨ wPËR-iƒc Drcbœ K‡i
†Zgb `Ðvqgvb, Dc‡ekb, kqb GB wZb Bh©¨vc_‡KI `„p K‡i,
A_©vr Zvnv‡ì Dc¯Í¤¢b KiZt cZb-wbeviY K‡i| Bh©¨v-c_
ewj‡Z Mgb, `Ðvqgvb, Dc‡ekb I kqb GB PZzweŸ©a Kvq-
wµqv Øviv Drcbœ iƒc-a¤§©‡K eySvq| Òeë¯’vcb-wPËÓ Ges 29

cÖKvi ÒKvgvePi Reb-wPËÓ ÒGes AwfÁv ev iƒcvePi cÂg
a¨vb-wPËÓ †hgb Ab¨vb¨ wPËR iƒc Drcbœ K‡i, †Zgb weÁwß-
iƒcI Drcv`b K‡i| †mŠgbm¨ mnMZ 4 †jvf wPË, 4
gnvKzkj-wPË, 4 gnvwµqv wPË I nwmZ wPË-GKz‡b GB †Zi
cÖKvi †mŠgbm¨ Reb-wPË †hgb Ab¨vb¨ wPËR iƒc Drcv`b
K‡i †Zgb gy‡L nvwm dzUvBqv, aŸwbZ Kwiqv weÁwß-iƒc
Drcv`b K‡i|
(3) FZz-mgyÌvb-iƒctø Zvc-‰el‡g¨ iƒ‡ci wewfbœ Ae¯’vi
D™¢eB FZz-mgyÌvb| FZz †hgb Rxe-‡`‡n, †Zgb †`‡nZi
iƒ‡cI Ae¯’všÍi NUvq| ï×vóK, kã, AvKvk, jNyZv, g„`yZv,
K¤§©Y¨Zv, GB †Zi cÖKvi FZz-mgyÌvbiƒc| AvKv‡ki bxwjgv,
B›`ªabyi eY©-‰ewPÎ¨, †R¨vwZ®‹ gÐjxi meŸ©¯^, b`xi Mvb, mgy‡`ªi
D”Q¡vm, ÒA¤î-Pzw¤^Z wngvPjÓ, `yeŸ©v`‡ji k¨vgjZv, Kgjvi im
BZ¨vw` mg¯ÍB FZz-mgyÌvb-iƒc|
(4) Avnvi-mgyÌvb-iƒctø †`‡ni iÿv I cywó-mvabv_© hvnv
fÿY Kiv nq, ZvnvB KejxK…Z-Avnvi| IRt ev kw³ Bnvi
jÿY| Avnvh©¨ hLb cwicvK nB‡Z Avi¤¢ nq Ges †`n Dnvi
imvw` MÖnY Kwi‡Z _v‡K, ZLb AvnviR iƒ‡cvrcwË nB‡Z
_v‡K| ï×vóK, AvKvk, jNyZv, g„`yZv, K¤§©Y¨Zv,øGB evi
cÖKvi Avnvi-mgyÌvb-iƒc|
8| Kjvc-‡hvRbvtø K¤§©, wPË, FZz Ges Avnvi Øviv
iƒ‡cvrcwË nB‡jI, Zvnviv GKK Drcbœ nq bv; KZK¸wj
KZK¸wj wcÐxf‚Z nBqv Drcbœ nq| GK Kvi‡Y GK m‡½
DcwPZ nq, cÖevwnZ nq, RiZv I AwbZ¨Zv cÖvß nq| C`„k
wcÐ‡K Òiƒc-KjvcÓ ejv nq| 28 cÖKvi iƒ‡ci g‡a¨ Pvwi
jÿY I GK AvKvk, GB cuvP cÖKvi iƒc Kjvcve× b‡n|
Aewkó 23 cÖKvi iƒ‡ci 21 cÖKvi Kjvc| AwewbfvR¨-iƒc

meŸ© Kjvc-mvaviY| AvKvk-avZz Kjv‡ci cwi‡”Q` ev mxgv
gvÎ, A½xf‚Z b‡n| jÿY-iƒcI Kjv‡ci DrcwË, w¯’wZ f½
jÿY gvÎ; Kjvc we‡k‡li cÖÁvc‡bi KviY b‡n| GBRb¨
Bnviv Kjvcv½ b‡n|
`‡ki mgvnvi (wgjb) `kK| Pÿz‡K Dcjÿ ev cÖavb Kwiqv
†h (Pÿz mn) `k cÖKvi iƒc GK m‡½ Drcbœ, w¯’Z I f½ nq,
Zvnv‡ì Kjvc ev ¸”Q ÒPÿz-`kKÓ| `k©b-Kvh©¨ PÿziB
GKgvÎ wewkó ¸Y| Zw™¢bœ ï×vóK I RxweZ-iƒc Bnvi mvaviY
¸Y| GB cÖKv‡i Ab¨vb¨ Kjvc eywS‡Z nB‡e|
10| iƒ‡ci-DrcwË-µgtø Kvg, iƒc I AmsÁ mË¡‡jv‡K
†h mKj mË¡ Drcbœ nq, Zvnv‡ì cÖwZmwÜ I cÖeË©b Kvjxb
iƒ‡cvrcwËB iƒ‡ci DrcwË-µg| gwÀg-wbKv‡qi gnv mxsnbv`-
my‡Ë D³ Av‡Q, ÒPZm&‡mv †Lv Bgv mvwicyË †hvwb‡hv| KZgv
PZm&m? AÐRv †hvwb, RjveyRv †hvwb, ms‡m`Rv †hvwb,
IccvwZKv †hvbxÕwZÓ| cÿx, mixm„c, grm¨ cÖf…wZ AÐR;
gbyl¨, cï cÖf…wZ RjveyRv| gvZ… RVi¯’ Me&f© cwimª‡ei
(dz‡ji) ga¨ w`qv hvnviv Rb¥ MÖnY K‡i ZvnvivB RjveyR ev
Me&f©vkq mË¡| ÒRjs ey”PwZ Kjjs; Zs AveybvwZ
cwU”Qv†`ZxÕwZ RjveyÓ| Me&f©cwi‡eóbvkq| Avgv‡ì MÖš’Kvi
Zuvnvi GB msMÖ‡n AÐR I RjveyR‡K Me&f©vkq‡Ri AšÍM©Z
Kwiqv‡Qb| cPv ke‡`‡n, cPv R‡j, e„ÿ-Z¡‡K, cy®ú-djvw`‡Z
†h KxU Drcbœ nq Zvnv ms‡¯^`R| †¯^` A_© N¤§©; A_©vr `yM©Ü
Rjxq c`v_©| DrcwËÿ‡Y cwic~Y© A½ cÖZ¨½vw` mn c~Yv© eq‡e
Drcbœ m‡Ë¡i bvg ÒIccvwZKÓ| Zvnv‡ì AZtci A½
cÖZ¨½vwì e×©‡bi Avek¨K nq bv| †eŠ×-ms¯‹…Z MÖ‡š’ GB
kãwUi cÖwZkã ÒJccvw`KÓ Kiv nBqv‡Q| e½vbyev`wUI
Z`byM| myMwZ-jvfx †è Jccvw`‡Kiv cwic~Y© A½B cÖvß nb|

wKš‘ `yM©wZ-Mvgx †cÖZ-Jccvw`KM‡Yi g‡a¨ KvnviI KvnviI
Pÿz, †kªvÎ ev fve êKj¨ N‡U, wKš‘ NªvY êKj¨ N‡U bv| A_©-
K_vq C`„k D‡jøL `„ó nq|
wbeŸvb-KvÐ
ÒwbeŸvbÓ †jv‡KvË‡ii welq| hvnvi DrcwË I webvk Av‡Q
Zvnv †jvKxq| †jv‡KvËi m¤^‡Ü fMevb ey‡×i evYxø ÒKZ‡g
a¤§v †jvKzËiv? PËv‡iv P AwihgM&Mv, PËvwi P mvgT-djvwb,
Am•LZv P avZz, B‡g a¤§v †jv‡KvËivÕwZÓ| Pvwi Avh©¨-gvM©,
Pvwi kªvgY¨-dj A_©vr gvM©dj Ges Ams¯‹…Z avZz,ø GB me
a¤§©B †jv‡KvËi| Bnv‡Z wbeŸv‡bi †jvKxq cÖÁwß-fve A¯^xKvi
c~eŸ©K †jv‡KvËi cÖÁwß-fveB cÖKvk Kiv nBqv‡Q| P¤§©Pÿzi
mvnv‡h¨ †hgb P›`ª-m~h©¨vw` cÖZ¨ÿxf‚Z nq, †Zgwb Avh©¨-
cy˜M‡ji wbKU Avh©¨-gvM©-Áv‡bi mvnv‡h¨ wbeŸvb cÖZ¨ÿxf‚Z
nq| wbeŸvb‡K cÖZ¨ÿKiYxq (mw”QKvZeŸ) D‡jøL Kwiqv
cvigvw_©K fv‡e Bnvi we`¨gvbZv cÖ`wk©Z nBqv‡Q,øBnv ïay
AfvevÍK b‡n| wbeŸvb cvigvw_©K fv‡e we`¨gvb Av‡Q ewjqvB,
Bnv †jv‡KvËi gvM©-wP‡Ëi I dj-wP‡Ëi Avj¤^b| wbeŸvbvj¤^b
e¨ZxZ gvM©-wPË Ges dj-wPË Drcbœ nB‡Z cv‡i bv| Bnvi
we`¨gvbZv cÖ`k©b Kwi‡Z hvBqv fMevb ey× ewj‡Z‡Qb ÒAwÌ
wfK&L‡e ARvZs, AKZs, Am•LZO| †bv‡PZs wfK&L‡e,
Afwem&m, ARvZs, Af‚Zs, AKZs, Am•LZs, bwhgm&m
RvZm&m, f‚Zm&m, KZm&m, m•LZm&m, wbm&miYs cTv‡h_| h¯§v
P †Lv wfK&L‡e, AwÌ ARvZs, Af‚Zs, AKZs, Am•LZs, Z¯§v
RvZm&m, f‚Zm&m, KZm&m, m•LZm&m, wbm&miYs cTvhZxÕwZÓ|
cvigvw_©K fv‡e hvnv we`¨gvb Zvnv gvM©-wP‡Ëi cÖZ¨ÿ Avj¤^b|
wKš‘ Ávb-m¤úÖhy³ gnvKzkj wP‡ËiI Abygvb-wm× A_©vr c‡ivÿ

Ávb-m¤¢‚Z Avj¤^b| 112 c„ôv `ªóe¨|
ÒwbeŸvbÓ kã Øviv wK A_© cÖKvk K‡i? evb ev eÜb nB‡Z
gyw³=wbeŸvb| Bnv Z…òvi eÜb| GB Z…òv mË¡MY‡K †Kv_vq
eÜb Kwiqv iv‡L? ÒwefvebxÓ e‡jtøÒLÜvw` †f‡` †Zf‚gK
a‡¤§ †nU&Vzcwih e‡mb webb‡Zv mswmeŸb‡Zv evb m•LvZvq
ZY&nvh wbK&LšÍvËv wemhvwZ°g e‡mb AZxZËÓ| Z…òv mË¡MY‡K
Kvg, iƒc, Aiƒc †jv‡K eÜb Kwiqv, bvbvwea K¤§© m¤úv`b
KivB‡Z‡Q Ges Zvnvi d‡j Zvnviv GB wÎf‚wgi Dc‡i bx‡P,
Rb¥-g„Zzï g‡a¨ Ave× _vwKqv, weN~wY©Z nB‡Z‡Q| C`„k eÜb
AwZµg KivB ÒwbeŸvbÓ|
wbeŸvb kvwšÍ-¯^fve| †K¬k, K¤§©, wecvK GB wÎPµ nB‡Z †h
`ytL Drcbœ nq, †mB `yt‡Li wb‡ivaB ÒkvwšÍÓ| GB kvwšÍt-
cig myL; †e`wqZ myL b‡ntø Z…òvÿqR myL, Z…òvi PwiZv_©Zv
RwbZ myL b‡n| AZxZ-eË©gvb-fwel¨‡Z mg¨K& m¤^y×, cÖ‡Z¨K
ey×, An©Zvw` mK‡ji AwaMZ wbeŸvb GB GKwea kvwšÍ-
¯^fvem¤úbœ| Z‡e GB kvšÍ ¯^fve wbeŸv‡bi cÖÁvc‡bi Dcvq
¯îƒc Bnv‡K ÒmDcvw`‡kl wbeŸvb-avZzÓ Ges ÒAbycvw`‡kl
wbeŸvb-avZzÓ GB `yB cÖKv‡i e¨³ Kiv nq|
Kv‡gvcv`vbvw` Øviv M„nxZ nq ewjqv cÂ¯‹‡Üi Ab¨ bvg
ÒDcvw`Ó| GB ÒDcvw`Ó gvÎ Aewkó Av‡Q, wKš‘ mgMÖ †K¬k
†kl ev aŸsm nBqv wMqv‡Q, GB A‡_© mDcvw`‡kl| Dcvwì
AfveB Abycvw`| ÒmDcvw`‡kl wbeŸvb-avZzÓ ey‡×i I An©‡Zi
Pz¨wZi c~‡eŸ©i Ae¯’v| Ges ÒAbycvw`‡kl wbeŸvb-avZzÓ Pz¨wZi
c‡ii Ae¯’v| cÖ_g Ae¯’v †K¬‡ki wbeŸ©vY, †k‡li Ae¯’v
¯‹‡ÜiI wbeŸvb|
wbeŸvb‡K Òk~b¨Ó ejv nq, KviY Bnv ivM-‡Øl-‡gvn k~b¨;

meŸ©wea ms¯‹vi k~b¨| Bnv‡K ÒAwbwgËÓ ejv nq; KviY Bnv
ivMvw` wbwgË-iwnZ| cÖwYwa ev Z…òv weiwnZ ewjqv wbeŸv‡bi
Ab¨ bvg ÒAcÖwYwnZÓ| wbeŸvb Pëb-iwnZ ewjqv ÒAPz¨ZÓ;
AšÍ ev ch©ëmvb iwnZ ewjqv ÒAbšÍÓ; cÖZ¨qvw` Øviv K…Z b‡n
ewjqv ÒAms¯‹…ZÓ; Bnv A‡cÿv D”PZi ev DrK…óZi Avi wKQy
bvB ewjqv wbeŸvb ÒAbyËiÓ| Z…òv‡K `xc-wkLvi mwnZ Zzjbv
Kwiqv, Z…òvi wbeŸ©vY‡K ÒwbeŸ©vY ejv nq|
G ch©¨šÍ iƒc-msMÖn I wbeŸvb-Kv‡Ði
ms‡ÿcv_© eY©b mgvß|
mßg cwi‡”Q`
mgy”Pq-msMÖn
1| m~Pbv-Mv_vt- ¯^fve, jÿY mn ewY©Ze¨ hZ,
wØmßwZ wewagZ n‡q‡Q ewY©Z|
h_v‡hvM¨ fv‡e †mB me GBÿY,
mgy”Pq-cwi‡”Q‡` Kwie eY©b|
2| mgy”Pq-msMÖn Pvwi AvKv‡i eywS‡Z nB‡e| h_vtø (1)
AKzkj msMÖn, (2) wgkª msMÖn, (3) †evwa-cÿxq msMÖn Ges
(4) meŸ© msMÖn|
3| AKzkj-msMÖn
(1) AKzkj msMÖn wKiƒ‡c msM„nxZ? AKzkj msMÖ‡ntø
(K) Pvwi Avmetø Kvg, fe, `„wó, Awe`¨v|
(L) Pvwi INtø Kvg, fe, `„wó, Awe`¨v|
(M) Pvwi †hvMtø Kvg, fe, `„wó, Awe`¨v|
(N) Pvwi MÖwš’tø Awfa¨v-Kvq-MÖwš’, e¨vcv`-Kvq-MÖwš’,
kxjeªZ-civgk©-Kvq-MÖwš’, Ges Bnv mZ¨vwfwb‡ek-Kvq-MÖwš’|
(O) Pvwi Dcv`vbtø Kvg, `„wó, kxjeªZ, AvÍev`|
(P) Qq bxeiYtø KvgQ›`, e¨vcv`, ¯Í¨vb-wg×, J×Z¨-
‡KŠK…Z¨, wewPwKrmv, Awe`¨v|
(Q) mß Abykqtø Kvg-ivMvbykq, fe-ivMvbykq,
cÖwZNvbykq, gvbvbykq, `„ó¨vbykq, wewPwKrmvbykq, Awe`¨vbykq|
(R) `k ms‡hvRbtø Kvg-ivM, iƒc-ivM, Aiƒc-ivM, cÖwZN,
gvb, `„wó, kxjeªZ-civgk©, wewPwKrmv, J×Z¨ Ges Awe`¨v
ms‡hvRb| (m~Îvbymv‡i)
`k ms‡hvRbtø Kvg-ivM, fe-ivM, cÖwZN, gvb, `„wó,
kxjeªZ-civgk©, wewPwKrmv, Cl©¨v, gvrmh©¨ Ges Awe`¨v-
ms‡hvRb| (Awfa¤§©vbymv‡i)
(S) `k †K¬ktø †jvf, †Øl, †gvn, gvb, `„wó, wewPwKrmv,
¯Í¨vb, J×Z¨, An«x, AbcÎcv|
Avmevw`¸‡”Q ÒKvgÓ I ÒfeÓ Avj¤^b-‡f‡` †jvf
ˆPZwm‡Ki wØwea weKvk| †mB cÖKvi Avj¤^b-‡f‡` Ò`„wóÓ
ˆPZwm‡Ki wewfbœ Ae¯’v ÒkxjeªZ-civgk©Ó, ÒBnv
mZ¨vwfwb‡ekÓ Ges ÒAvÍ-ev`Ó bvg cÖvß nBqv‡Q|
4| ¯§viK-Mv_vt- Avme I IN, †hvM, MÖwš’i gvSv‡i,

wZb wZb ˆPZwmK ¯^fvevbymv‡i|
†jvf-`„wó `yÕwU gvÎ Pvwi Dcv`v‡b;
Aó ˆPZwmK Av‡Q Qq bxei‡Y|
Abyk‡q Qq; `k ms‡hvR‡b bq;
†K¬‡k `k; be cvc msMÖ‡n‡Z Kq|
5| wgkª-msMÖn
(K) Qq †nZztø †jvf, †Øl, †gvn, A‡jvf, A‡Øl, A‡gvn|
(L) mß †eva¨½tø weZK©, wePvi, cÖxwZ, GKvMÖZv, †mŠgbm¨,
†`Š¤§©bm¨ D‡cÿv|
(M) Øv`k gvM©v½tø mg¨K&-`„wó, mg¨K&-m¼í, mg¨K&-evK¨,
mg¨K&-K¤§©, mg¨K&-AvRxe, mg¨K&-e¨vqvg, mg¨K&-¯§„wZ, mg¨K&-
mgvwa, wg_¨v-`„wó, wg_¨v-m¼í, wg_¨v-e¨vqvg, wg_¨v-mgvwa|
(N) ØvweskwZ Bw›`ªqtø (1) Pÿz, (2) †kªvÎ, (3) NªvY, (4)
wRnŸv, (5) Kvq, (6) ¯¿x, (7) cyiæl, (8) RxweZ, (9) gb,
(10) myL, (11) `ytL, (12) †mŠgbm¨, (13) †`Š¤§©bm¨, (14)
D‡cÿv, (15) kª×v, (16) exh©¨, (17) ¯§„wZ, (18) mgvwa, (19)
cÖÁv, (20) ÒAÁvZ‡K RvwbeÓ GB wPšÍv, (21) †jv‡KvËi-
Ávb, (22) †jv‡KvËi-Ávbx|
(O) be ejtø kª×v, exh©¨, ¯§„wZ, mgvwa, cÖÁv, n«x, AcÎc,
An«x AbcÎc|
(P) Pvwi AwacwZtø Q›`, exh©¨, wPË, gxgvsmv|
(Q) Pvwi Avnvitø KejxK…Z, ¯úk©, †PZbv, weÁvb|
ØvweskwZ Bw›`ª‡qi g‡a¨ (20) ÒAÁvZ‡K RvwbeÓ Bnv
†mªvZvcwË gvM©-Ávb| (22) Ò†jv‡KvËi-Ávbxw›`ªq,, AinZ¡
dj-Ávb| (21) Ò†jv‡KvËi Áv‡bw›`ªqÓ g‡aï (†mªvZvcwË-
dj-Ávb nB‡Z AinZ¡ gvM©-Ávb ch©¨šÍ) Qq Ávb| (8)

Rxwe‡Zw›`ªq wØwea, iƒc-Rxwe‡Zw›`ªq Ges Aiƒc-Rxwe‡Zw›`ªq|
cÂ-weÁv‡b a¨vbv½-mg~n, exh©¨-‰PZwmK-weiwnZ wP‡Ë ej-
mg~n, A‡nZzK wP‡Ë gvM©v½-mg~n Drcbœ nq bv| wewPwKrmv-
m¤úÖhy³ wP‡Ë GKvMÖZv gv‡M©w›`ªq (mgvaxw›`ªq) I mgvwa-ej cÖvß
nq bv| Ae¯’vbymv‡i GKwUB GK mgq AwacwZ nq; ZvnvI
wØ‡nZzK ev wÎ‡nZzK Re‡b|
6| ¯§viK-Mv_vt- ¯^fvevbymv‡i hw` wePvwiZ nq,
QÕ†nZz; a¨vbv½ cÂ; gvM©-A½ bq;
†lvok Bw›`ªq e‡U; ej be awi;
Pvwi AwacwZ; Pvwi Avnvi wePvwi|
GBiƒ‡c mvZ fv‡M Kwiqv wef³,
Kzkjvw` mgvKxY© G msMÖn D³|
7| †evwa-cÿxq a¤§©
†evwa-cÿxq a¤§©-msMÖ‡n wb‡æv³ welq¸wj msM„nxZt-
(K) PZzweŸ©a ¯§„Zz¨c¯’vbtø
(1) Kvqvby`k©b, (2) †e`bvby`k©b, (3) wPËvby`k©b, (4)
a¤§©vby`k©b-¯§„Zz¨c¯’vb|
(L) PZzweŸ©a mg¨K&-cÖavbtø
(1) Drcbœ cvc-wP‡Ëi cwie¾©bv_© e¨vqvg|
(2) Abyrcbœ cvc-wP‡Ëi AbyrcwËi Rb¨ e¨vqvg|
(3) Abyrcbœ Kzkj-wP‡Ëi DrcwËi Rb¨ e¨vqvg|
(4) Drcbœ Kzkj-wP‡Ëi e„w×i Rb¨ e¨vqvg|
(M) PZzweŸ©a Fw×-cv` (Fw×-jv‡fi Dcvq)tø
(1) Q›`-; (2) exh©¨-; (3) wPË-; (4) gxgvsmv-Fw×-cv`|
(N) cÂ Bw›`ªqtø
(1) kª×v-; (2) exh©¨-; (3) ¯§„wZ-; (4) mgvwa-; (5)

cÖ‡Áw›`ªq|
(O) cÂ ejtø
(1) kª×v-; (2) exh©¨-; (3) ¯§„wZ-; (4) mgvwa-; (5) cÖÁv-
ej|
(P) mß †eva¨½tø
(1) ¯§„wZ-; (2) a¤§©-wePvi-; (3) exh©¨-; (4) cÖxwZ-; (5)
cÖkvwšÍ-; (6) mgvwa-; (7) D‡cÿv-m‡¤^va¨½|
(Q) Aó gvM©v½tø
(1) mg¨K&-`„wó; (2) mg¨K&-m¼í; (3) mg¨K&-evK¨; (4)
mg¨K&-K¤§©; (5) mg¨K&-AvRxe; (6) mg¨K&-e¨vqvg; (7) mg¨K&-
¯§„wZ; (8) mg¨K&-mgvwa|
GLv‡b Pvwi ¯§„Zz¨c¯’vb‡KB GKgvÎ Òmg¨K&-¯§„wZÓ Ges Pvwi
mg¨K& cÖavb‡KB Òmg¨K&-e¨vqvgÓ ejv nBqv‡Q|
8| ¯§viK-Mv_vt-
(muvqwÎk †evwa-cÿxq a‡¤§© 14wU ˆPZwmK)
Q›`, wPË I D‡cÿv, kª×v I cÖkªw×, cÖxwZ,
ï×-`„wó I m¼í, e¨vqvg I wÎweiwZ,
ï×-¯§„wZ I mgvwaøG †PŠÏ ¯^fv‡e h_v,
muvqwÎk wfbœ wfbœømßav msMÖn Z_v|
(D³ †PŠÏ ˆPZwmK muvqwÎk nBj wK cÖKvi?)
Òm¼íÓ ÒcÖkªw×Ó mn ÒD‡cÿvÓ I ÒcÖxwZÓ,
ÒQ›`Ó I Ò†PZbvÓ Avi wZbwU ÒweiwZÓ,
GB be ˆPZwmK G‰KK Kwiqv,
Òexh©¨Ó wKš‘ bq eviøwbqv‡Q awiqv|
Ò¯§„wZÓ AvUevi Avi ÒmgvwawUÓ Pvi,
ÒcÖÁvÓ cÂevi a„Z, Òkª×vÓ `yBevi|

muvqwÎk †evwa-a‡¤§© Giƒc wefvM,
K‡i‡Qb meŸ©‡kªô ey× gnvfvM|
(we`k©‡bi ga¨ w`qvB †jvKxq-wPË †jv‡KvË‡i DbœxZ nq)
†jv‡KvËi wP‡Ë GBme we`¨gvb,
Òm¼íÓ I ÒcÖxwZÓ ïay K‡i AšÍ×©vb|
hLb †jvKxq wPË QÕweïw× j‡f,
ZLb G me hy³ nq h_vfv‡e|
9| meŸ©-msMÖn
meŸ©-msMÖ‡n GB mg¯Í msM„nxZtø
(K) cÂ ¯‹Ütø (1) iƒc-; (2) †e`bv-; (3) msÁv-; (4)
ms¯‹vi-; (5) weÁvb-¯‹Ü|
(L) c‡Âvcv`vb ¯‹Ütø (1) iƒc-; (2) †e`bv-;
(3) msÁv-; (4) ms¯‹vi-; (5) weÁv‡bvcv`vb-¯‹Ü|
(M) Øv`k AvqZbtø (1) Pÿz-; (2) †kªvÎ-; (3) NªvY-; (4)
wRnŸv-; (5) Kvqv-; (6) gbt| (7) iƒc-; (8) kã-; (9) MÜ-;
(10) im-; (11) ¯úÖóe¨-; (12) a¤§©vqZb|
(N) Aóv`k avZztø (1) Pÿz-; (2) †kªvÎ-; (3) NªvY-; (4)
wRnŸv-; (5) Kvq-; (6) gbt| (7) iƒc-; (8) kã-; (9) MÜ-;
(10) im-; (11) ¯úÖóe¨-; (12) a¤§©| (13) Pÿz-weÁvb-; (14)
†kªvÎ-weÁvb-; (15) NªvY-weÁvb-; (16) wRnŸv-weÁvb-; (17)
Kvq-weÁvb-; (18) g‡bvweÁvb-avZz|
(O) PZzivh©¨-mZ¨tø (1) `ytL m¤^‡Ü Avh©¨-mZ¨; (2) `yt‡Li
D™¢e m¤^‡Ü Avh©¨-mZ¨; (3) `yt‡Li wb‡iva m¤^‡Ü Avh©¨-mZ¨;
(4) `ytL-wb‡iv‡ai Dcvq m¤^‡Ü Avh©¨-mZ¨|
GLv‡b ˆPZwmK, m~²-iƒc I wbeŸvb mn 69 cÖKvi a¤§©

Òa¤§©vqZbÓ I Òa¤§©-avZzÓ bv‡g cwiMwYZ| gbvqZb‡K mßwea
weÁvb-avZz‡Z wef³ Kiv nBqv‡Q|
10| ¯§viK-Mv_vt-
iƒc I †e`bv, msÁv Avi ˆPZwmK hZ,
weÁvb ¯‹‡Ü‡i wb‡q ÒcÂ-¯‹ÜÓ AwfwnZ|
ÒcÂ Dcv`vb-¯‹ÜÓ †RÕ†bv ZvÕiv wÎf‚wg‡Z;
ÒwbeŸvbÓ A‡f` wKš‘ ZvB gy³ ¯‹Ü nÕ†Z|
ÒØviÓ, ÒAvj¤^bÓ-‡f‡` nq ÒAvqZbÓ hZ;
Z`yrcbœ dj wb‡q ÒavZzÓ msL¨v wb×©vwiZ|
wÎ‡fŠg-AveË© Ò`ytLÓ; Z…òv Zvi Òmgy`qÓ;
wbeŸvb Òwb‡ivaÓ Zvi; ÒgvM©Ó †jv‡KvËi nq|
gvM©-hy³ dj mn Pvwi mZ¨-wewbgy©³,
G meŸ© msMÖn cÂ wefv‡M‡Z cwie¨³|
GB ch©¨šÍ Awfa¤§©v_© msMÖ‡n mgy”Pq-msMÖn bvgK
mßg cwi‡”Q`|
mgy”Pq-msMÖ‡ni ms‡ÿcv_© eY©bv
c~eŸ© c~eŸ© cwi‡”Q‡`, Awfa‡¤§©i Av‡jvP¨ welq PZzó‡qi
A_©vr wPË, ˆPZwmK, iƒc I wbeŸ©v‡Yi jÿYvw` evqvËi cÖKv‡i
eY©b Kiv nBqv‡Q| meŸ©wea wP‡Ëi GKwU gvÎ jÿY,øAvj¤^b-
weRvbb; 52wU ˆPZwm‡Ki 52 cÖKvi jÿY; 18wU gvÎ K¤§©-
wb®úbœ iƒ‡ci KK©kZvw` 18 jÿY; wbeŸ©v‡Yi 1wU gvÎ kvwšÍ-
jÿY| GLb GB mßg cwi‡”Q‡` Zvnv‡ì mvaviY ev¯‘ I ¯^fve
Abymv‡i †kªYx fvM eY©b Kiv hvB‡Z‡Q| GZ`y‡Ï‡k¨ GB
cwi‡”Q` PZzweŸ©a msMÖ‡n wefvM Kiv nBqv‡Q| h_vtø
1| ÒAKzkj-msMÖ‡nÓ †PŠÏwU AKzkj ˆPZwmK‡K Zvnv‡ì

¯^fv‡ei mv`„k¨vbymv‡i bqwU ¸‡”Q wefvM Kwiqv cÖ`wk©Z
nBqv‡Q|
2| Òwgkª-msMÖ‡nÓ Kzkj, AKzkj, Ae¨vK…Z-mgvKxY© mßwea
msMÖn Kiv nBqv‡Q|
3| Ò†evwa-cÿxq-msMÖ‡nÓ †evwaÁv‡bi (Pvwi †jv‡KvËi
gvM©-Áv‡bi) c‡ÿ Dc‡hvMx I Acwinvh©¨ †PŠÏwU †kvfb
ˆPZwmK‡K mß ¸‡”Q wefvM Kwiqv cÖ`wk©Z nBqv‡Q|
4|ÒmeŸ©-msMÖ‡nÓ mg¯Í cigv_©-a¤§©‡K cÂ ¸‡”Q wefvM
Kwiqv cÖ`wk©Z nBqv‡Q|
AKzkj-msMÖn
AKzkj msMÖ‡n †PŠÏwU AKzkj ˆPZwmK‡K ¯^fvevbymv‡i GB
bqwU ¸‡”Q mgv‡ek Kiv nBqv‡Qtø
Avme I IN, †hvM, MÖwš’, Dcv`vb,
bxeiY, Abykq, †K¬k, ms‡hvRb|
K| Avme ¸‡”Qi g‡a¨ ÒKvgvmeÓ I ÒfevmeÓ DfqB †jvf
ˆPZwmK| Ò`„ó¨vmeÓ `„wó ˆPZwmK Ges ÒAwe`¨vmeÓ †gvn
ˆPZwmK| GLb cÖkœ nB‡Z‡Q †jvf, `„wó I †gvn ˆPZwmK
wZbwU‡K Avme ejv nq †Kb? ÒAvÓ Dcm‡M©i A_© Aewa, ch©¨šÍ
†h ˆPZwmK fevMÖ ch©¨šÍ cÖevwnZ nq Zvnv Avme| AbvMvgxi
Kvgvme aŸsm nB‡jI fevme m¤ú~Y© aŸsm nq bv| GRb¨
AbvMvgxiv An©Z bv nIqv ch©¨šÍ Òï×vev‡mÓ _v‡Kb| Avm‡ei
Avi GK A_© myivw` gv`K-`ªe¨| †h †h ˆPZwmK gËZv mvaK,
Zvnviv Avme m`„k| Kvgvm‡ei Avj¤^b iƒc, kã, MÜ, im I
¯úÖóe¨| fevm‡ei Avj¤^b wb‡Ri mË¡v ev Aw¯ÍZ¡| `„ó¨vm‡ei
Avj¤^b Awebk¦i AvÍv| Awe`¨vme GB mg‡¯Íi mwnZ RwoZ|
Zb¥‡a¨ fevme AinZ¡ gvM© ch©¨šÍ, `„ó¨vme Aiƒc-fe ch©¨šÍ

Ges Kvgvme AbvMvgx gvM© ch©¨šÍ cÖevwnZ nq| GB
ˆPZwmKÎ‡qi GB Avme-¸Y e¨ZxZ Aek¨ Ab¨ ¸YI Av‡Q|
h_vtø
L| IN ev eb¨v-‡mªv‡Z cwZZ Kvô L‡Ði b¨vq Bnviv
mË¡MY‡K `y¯iÍ msmvi-‡mªv‡Z Rb¥-g„Zzï AvKv‡i fvmvBqv-
WzevBqv, fvmvBqv-WzevBqv cÖevwnZ KivBqv jBqv hvq| cybiwc
Bnviv †hbø
M| †hvM; A_©vr GK R‡b¥i mwnZ Ab¨ R‡b¥i †hvM Kwiqv
†`q|
N| MÖwš’,- wMiv; Awfa¨v †jvf ˆPZwmK| Bnv bvg-Kv‡qi
mwnZ iƒc-Kv‡qi ms‡hvM m¤úv`‡b MÖwš’-¯îƒc| ïay Bnv b‡n,
AZxZ Kv‡qi mwnZ eË©gvb-Kv‡qi Ges eË©gvb-Kv‡qi mwnZ
fvex-Kv‡qi MÖwš’ ¯îƒc| iƒc-ivM, Aiƒc-ivMI GLv‡b
Awf‡cÖZ| Òe¨vcv`Ó GLv‡b meŸ©wea †Øl| †Øl cv‡ci m‡½
wPË‡K eÜb K‡i| ÒkxjeªZ-civgk©Ó I ÒmZ¨vwfwb‡ekÓ `„wó
ˆPZwm‡KiB Avj¤^b †f‡` wØwea weKvk| hvM-hÁvw` Øviv wPË-
ïw×-wek¦v‡m Bnviv wPË‡K Ave× ivwL‡Z MÖwš’-¯îƒc|
O| Dcv`vbt- Dc+Av`vb, `„p MÖnY| Z…òv Z…òvi welq‡K,
m‡c©i †fK AbymÜv‡bi Abyiƒ‡c, AbymÜvb K‡i| wPË hLb H
welq‡K, m‡c©i †fK‡K awiqv ivLvi Abyiƒ‡c `„pfv‡e MÖnY
Kwiqv awiqv iv‡L I iÿv Kwi‡Z _v‡K, ZLb wP‡Ëi Dcv`v‡bi
Ae¯’v| †jv‡fi e¯‘ I wg_¨v-AwfgZ‡K wPË hLb iÿv K‡i,
ZLb h_vµ‡g Kvg-Dcv`vb I `„wó-Dcv`vb| cÂ¯‹Ü‡K ev
†Kvb GK ¯‹Ü‡K ARo, Ae¨q, Aÿq, ÒAvÍvÓ ewjqv wek¦vmB
AvÍev‡`vcv`vb| Bnv wg_¨v-`„wói cwiYvg; cÂ-¯‹‡Üi cÖwZ †jvf
†nZz Geswea wg_¨v aviYv Drcbœ nq| †jvf we`¨gvb †`vl‡K
†`vl ewjqv ¯^xKvi K‡i bv, AwbZ¨‡K AwbZ¨ ewjqv ¯^xKvi

Kwi‡Z Pv‡n bv| cÂ-¯‹Ü‡K ÒAvwgÓ g‡b Kiv Z…òv-RwbZ
Awfwb‡ek ev Avb›`gq wek¦vm| Bnv Ò†mŠgbm¨-mnMZ `„wóMZ-
m¤úÖhy³ Amvs¯‹vwiK wPËÓ|
P| bxeiYt- †h mKj ˆPZwm‡Ki Kvi‡Y Abyrcbœ Kzkj-wPË
ev Kzkj-a¨vb-wPË Drcbœ nB‡Z cv‡i bv, Ges Drcbœ Kzkjvw`
e„w× cvB‡Z cv‡i bv, Zvnv‡ì mvaviY bvg bxeiY ev wbeviY|
iƒc, kã, MÜ, im Ges ¯úÖóe¨,øGB cÂ Kvg¸‡Y †h Z…òv
ZvnvB ÒKvg-Q›`Ó| Bnv †jvf-‰PZwmK, Ges GKvMÖZvi
cÖwZcÿ| Kvg-Q‡›ì Avj¤^b-msL¨v eû| wKš‘ GKvMÖZvi
Avj¤^b GKwUgvÎ| 37, 66 c„ôv `ªóe¨| GBRb¨ KvgQ›`
GKvMÖZv‡K a¨vbv‡½i AvKv‡i Drcbœ nB‡Z evav †`q| myax
cvVK jÿ¨ Kwi‡eb, a¨vbvbykxjbv_©xi c‡ÿ Kvg-Q‡›ì cÖfve-
AšÍZt mvgwqK fv‡e-we`~iY wKiƒc Avek¨K| KiYxq-ˆgÎx-
m~‡Î, ‰gGx-fvebvi c~eŸ©-K…Z¨-¯îƒc ÒAc&cwK‡”PvÓ, ÒmjøûK-
eywËÓ, ÒmwšÍw›`ª‡hvÓ, ÒKz‡jmy AbbywM‡×vÓ nBevi Rb¨ †h,
fMevb ey× Dc‡`k w`qv‡Qb, Zvnvi `vk©wbK Avek¨KZv KZ
†ekx, ZvnvI jÿ¨ Kiv DwPZ| Òe¨vcv`Ó A_© c‡ii AwnZ
wPšÍv; Bnv †Øl ˆPZwmK Ges †`Š¤§©bm¨ ¯^fve; GRb¨ Bnv
ÒcÖxwZ‡KÓ a¨vbv‡½i AvKv‡i Drcbœ nB‡Z evav †`q| Ò¯Í¨vb-
wg×Ó weZK© I ex‡h©ï cÖwZcÿ| ¯Í¨vb I wg‡×i K…Z¨, Avnvi
(cwi‡cvlK) I cÖwZcÿ GKB cÖKvi ewjqv GB Dfq ˆPZwmK
hyM¥fv‡e M„nxZ nBqv‡Q| Df‡qi K…Z¨ jxbfve Drcv`b;
Avnvi,øZ›`ªv I weR„¤¢Zv| J×Z¨-‡KŠK…‡Zï K…Z¨ wP‡Ëi AkvšÍ
fve Drcv`b; ÁvwZ-e¨mbvwì e¨wZµg Bnv‡ì Avnvi ev
cwi‡cvlK Ges kg_ I †mŠgbm¨ cÖwZcÿ| GRb¨ BnvivI
hyMjiƒ‡c M„nxZ nBqv‡Q| Bnv ÒmyLÓ a¨vbv‡½i DrcwË wbeviY

K‡i| ÒAwe`¨vÓ GBme bxei‡Yi cÖ‡Z¨KwUi mwnZ weRwoZ|
Q| Abykqt- KZK¸wj ˆPZwmK Ggb wewkó ¯^fve-m¤úbœ
†h, Zvnviv wPË-mšÍwZ‡Z cÖ”Qbœ _v‡K, myß _v‡K; wKš‘
Avj¤^bvw` Abyiƒc KviY cvB‡jB RvwMqv D‡V| Bnviv AZxe
kw³kvjx Ges Bnvw`M‡K AbvMZ-wPË-‡K¬k ejv hvB‡Z cv‡i|
Kvj‡f‡` ˆPZwm‡Ki ¯^fv‡ei ZviZg¨ nq bv| GB mß-Abykq
QqwU AKzkj ˆPZwmK gvÎ| KvgivMvbykq I fe-ivMvbykq
DfqB †jvf ˆPZwmK| ïay Avj¤^‡bi cv_©K¨ †nZz wØwea
nBqv‡Q|
ÒKvg-ivMvbykqÓ myL-‡mŠgbm¨ †e`bvq I D‡cÿv †e`bvq
Ges ÒcÖwZNvbykqÓ `ytL-‡`Š¤§©bm¨ †e`bvq cÖ”Qbœ _v‡K|
ÒgvbvbykqÓ Kvg, iƒc, I Aiƒc-‡jv‡Ki myL-‡mŠgbm¨-D‡cÿv
†e`bvqI myß _v‡K| Ò`„wó-AbykqÓ mrKvq-`„wóhy³ hveZxq
wP‡Ë Ges ÒwewPwKrmv-AbykqÓ Awa‡gvÿ weiwnZ wP‡Ë cÖ”Qbœ
_v‡K| Òfe-ivMvbykqÓ iƒc-Aiƒc wP‡ËI myß _v‡K|
ÒAwe`¨vbykqÓ Ain‡Zi dj-wPË e¨ZxZ meŸ©wP‡Ë cÖ”Qbœ _v‡K|
†mªvZvcbœ I mK…`vMvgxi wbKU `„wó I wewPwKrmv-Abykq `yÕwU
e¨ZxZ Aewkó cuvP Abykq we`¨gvb| AbvMvgxi wbKU gvb,
feivM I Awe`¨v AbykqvKv‡i we`¨gvb| ïay An©‡Zi wPËB
wbibykq|
hvnvi wbKU KvgivMvbykq we`¨gvb, Zvnvi wbKU
cÖwZNvbykqI we`¨gvb| Ges cÖwZNvbyk‡qi we`¨gvbZv
KvgivMvbyk‡qi we`¨gvbZv-ÁvcK| KvgivMvbyk‡qi we`¨gvbZv
gvbvbyk‡qi we`¨gvbZv-ÁvcK nB‡jI gvbvbyk‡qi we`¨gvbZv
KvgivMvbyk‡qi we`¨gvbZvÁvcK b‡n| AbvMvgxi wbKU
gvbvbykq we`¨gvb _vwK‡jI, KvgivMvbykq we`¨gvb _v‡K bv|
c„_M&Rb, †mªvZvcbœ I mK…`vMvgxi wbKU KvgivM I gvb Dfq

Abykq we`¨gvb| KvgivMvbykq we`¨gvb _vwK‡jI, `„wó-Abykq
we`¨gvb bv _vwK‡ZI cv‡i| c„_M&R‡bi wbKU GB Dfq Abykq
we`¨gvb _vwK‡jI †mªvZvcbœ I mK…ZvMvgxi wbKU `„wó-Abykq
Awe`¨gvb, Kvg-ivMvbykq m¤ú~Y© Awe`¨gvb b‡n|
(R) ms‡hvRbt- †hB mKj ˆPZwmK Zvnv‡ì Ab¨vb¨ ¸Y
e¨ZxZ, msmv‡i mË¡MY‡K eÜb Kwiqv ivwLevi ¸YI aviY K‡i
†mB mKj ˆPZwmK GB Òms‡hvRb-¸‡”QÓ msM„nxZ| Zb¥‡a¨
mrKvq-`„wó, wewPwKrmv, kxjeªZ-civgk©, KvgivM I
e¨vcv`,øGB cÂ-ms‡hvRb A‡avfvMxq, A_©vr mË¡MY‡K bxP
R‡b¥, `yM©wZ‡Z eÜb K‡i| Ges iƒcivM, AiƒcivM, gvb, J×Z¨
I Awe`¨v-GB cuvPwU E×©fvMxq; A_©vr Bnviv †jvKxq myMwZ‡Z
eÜb Kwiqv iv‡L| ïay †jv‡KvËi-gvM© Bnv wQbœ Kwi‡Z cv‡i|
mrKvq-`„wó= e¨w³MZ k¦vkZ AvÍvq wek¦vm; AvÍev`|
wewPwKrmv= AZxZ, eË©gvb, fwel¨Z Kv‡j wb‡Ri mË¡v m¤^‡Ü
mskq| kxjeªZ-civgk©= kvixwiK K…”Q« mvab Øviv wKsev
eªZgvbmvwì Øviv wPË-ïw×‡Z I gyw³jv‡f wek¦vm| Kvg-ivM=
Kvg-‡jv‡Ki myL-m¤ú`, iƒc, kã, MÜvwì Rb¨ Z…òv| iƒc-
f‡ei Rb¨ Z…òv iƒc-ivM Ges Aiƒc-f‡ei Rb¨ Z…òv Aiƒc-
ivM| ˆPZwm‡Ki e¨vL¨vq evKx¸wji A_© `ªóe¨| Zb¥‡a¨ Awe`¨v
†gvn-‰PZwmK|
m~Î-wcU‡K I Awfa‡¤§© D‡jøwLZ ms‡hvR‡bi g‡a¨ ˆPZwmK
wnmv‡e cv_©K¨ bvB| m~‡Îi iƒc-ivM I Aiƒc-ivM ms‡hvRbØq
Awfa‡¤§©i feivM-ms‡hvRb| Ges Awfa‡¤§©i Cl©¨v I gvrmh©¨
ms‡hvRbØq, m~‡Î cÖwZN-ms‡hvRb Øviv c~Y© Kiv nBqv‡Q|
(S) †K¬kt- hØviv wPË KjywlZ, cwiZß, e¨vwaMÖ¯Í, gwjb I

bxP nq, ZvnvB wP‡Ëi †K¬k ev †K¬`| ˆPZwmK cwi‡”Q‡`
Bnv‡ì e¨vL¨v `ªóe¨|
†PŠÏ cÖKvi AKzkj ˆPZwm‡Ki g‡a¨ †Kvb& †Kvb& AKzkj
ˆPZwmK KqwU AKzkj ¸‡”Q msM„nxZ nBqv‡Q, Zvnv cqv‡i ejv
hvB‡Z‡Qt-
ÒAn«x I AbcÎcv Cl©¨v I gvrmh©¨,
†KŠK…Z¨ I wg× GK GK ¸‡”Q MÖvn¨|
¯Í¨vb `yB; gv‡bŠ×Z¨ wZb, K•Lv Pvi;
†Øl cuvP; †gvn mvZ; `„wó AvU evi|
†jvf bqevi MY¨ bq AKzk‡j,
mveav‡b ivL g‡b wkÿv_©x mK‡j|
†PŠÏwU AKzkj ˆPZwm‡Ki g‡a¨ cÖ‡Z¨KwU †Kvb& †Kvb&
AKzkj ¸‡”Q msM„nxZ nBqv‡Q?
ÒAn«xÓ I ÒAbcÎcvÓ ïay †K¬k gv‡S,
ÒCl©¨vÓ I Ògvrmh©¨Ó ïay ms‡hvR‡b iv‡R|
Ò†KŠK…Z¨Ó I Òwg×Ó GKv bxei‡Y cv‡e,
†K¬k Avi bxei‡Y Ò¯Í¨vbÓ †`Lv w`‡e|
Abykq, ms‡hvRb, †K¬‡ki gvSv‡i,
ÒgvbÓ ˆPZwmK _v‡K m`v E×© wk‡i|
ÒbxeiY, ms‡hvRb, †K¬‡ki mwnZ
ÒJ×Z¨Ó wbqZ _v‡K n‡q weRwoZÓ|
bxei‡Y, Abyk‡q, †K¬‡k, ms‡hvR‡b,
ÒwewPwKrmvÓ we¯úw›`Z eû Avj¤^‡b|
bxeiY, Abykq, MÖwš’, ms‡hvRb,
†K¬kmn cÂ ¸‡”Q Ò†ØlÓ wePiY|
MÖwš’, Dcv`vb Qvwo mß AKzk‡j,
ÒAwe`¨viÓ we`¨gvb †bnv‡i mK‡j|

Aó AKzk‡j Ò`„wóÓ Qvwo bxei‡Y;
be AKzk‡j Ò†jvfÓ †`‡L wePÿY|
ÒAvmevw`Ó be ¸‡”Qi AKzkj-‰PZwmK ¯§viK-Mv_v I
cqvivbymv‡i wb‡æi ZvwjKvq cÖ`wk©Z 6 bxeiY-
10 †K¬k-
10 ms‡hvRb- 1
7 Abykq-
4 Dcv`vb-
4 MÖwš’-
4 †hvM-
4 IN-
4 Avme-
†gvn
7
1
An«x
1 1 3 9 8 3 5 1 1 1 2 1 4 = 47
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
AbcÎcv
J×Z¨
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1
‡jvf
1 1 1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
`„wó
gvb
†Øl
1
Cl©¨v
gvrmh©¨
‡KŠK…Z¨
1 1 1 1 =8
¯Í¨vb
1
wg×
wewPwKrmv
1 = 10
1 =9
1 =6
=2
=3
=3
=3
=3
wgkª-msMÖ‡ni ms‡ÿcv_©
(K) Qq †nZz m¤^‡Ü cÖKxY©-cwi‡”Q‡` 103 c„ôvq †nZz msMÖn
`ªóe¨|
(L) †h mKj ˆPZwmK a¨vb-wPË Drcv`‡b cÖavb mnvq †mB
mKj ˆPZwmKB a¨vbv½| †`Š¤§©bm¨ ïay AKzkj a¨vbv½| Aci
QqwU Kzkj, AKzkj, Ae¨vK…Z mKj RvZxq a¨v‡bi A½| 37k
c„ôv `ªóe¨|
(M) gvM© A_© c_, Dcvq| Ges A½ A_© KviY, DcKiY|
wK‡mi c_? myMwZi ev `yMw© Zi c_| cÖ_g Aó A½ myMwZi
A_©vr wbeŸ©v‡Yi c_; †k‡li Pvwi A½ `yMw© Zi c_|
1| mg¨K&-`„wó ÒcÖ‡Áw›`ªqÓ ˆPZwmK| Ávb-m¤úÖhy³ 47
cÖKvi wP‡Ëi ÒcÖÁvBÓ mg¨K&-`„wó bvgK gvM©v½|
2| m¼í ÒweZK©Ó ˆPZwmK| weZK© m¤úÖh³ y 59 cÖKvi
†kvfb wP‡Ëi weZK©-‰PZwmKB mg¨K&-m¼í bvgK gvM©v½|
3| 8 cÖKvi KvgvePi Kzkj, 8 cÖKvi †jv‡KvËi Kzkj, GB
†lvj cÖKvi wP‡Ëi Òmg¨K&-evK¨Ó bvgK ˆPZwmKB mg¨K&-evK¨
bvgK gvM©v½|
4| 8 KvgvePi Kzkj, 8 †jv‡KvËi Kzkj, GB 16 Kzkj
wP‡Ëi mg¨K&-K¤§© ˆPZwmKB Òmg¨K&-K¤§©Ó bvgK gvM©v½|
5| D³ 16 cÖKvi Kzkj wP‡Ëi Òmg¨K&-AvRxeÓ ˆPZwmKB
mg¨K&-AvRxe bvgK gvM©v½|
6| exh©¨ ˆPZwmK m¤úÖhy³ 59 cÖKvi ‡kvfb wP‡Ëi exh©¨
ˆPZwmKB Òmg¨K&-e¨vqvgÓ bvgK gvM©v½|
7| ¯§„wZ ˆPZwmK m¤úÖhy³ 59 cÖKvi †kvfb wP‡Ëi ¯§„wZ-
‰PZwmKB Òmg¨K&-¯§„wZÓ bvgK gvM©v½|
8| 59 cÖKvi ‡kvfb wP‡Ëi GKvMÖZv-‰PZwmKB Òmg¨K&-

mgvwaÓ bvgK gvM©v½|
AKzkj gvM©v½tø
9| Pvwi †jvf-g~jK wP‡Ëi `„wó-‰PZwmKB Òwg_¨v-`„wóÓ
bvgK gvM©v½|
10| Øv`k AKzkj wP‡Ëi weZK©-‰PZwmKB Òwg_¨v-m¼íÓ
bvgK gvM©v½|
11| Øv`k AKzkj wP‡Ëi exh©¨-‰PZwmKB Òwg_¨v-e¨vqvgÓ
bvgK gvM©v½|
12| wewPwKrmv-ew¾©Z GKv`k AKzkj wP‡Ëi GKvMÖZv-
‰PZwmKB Òwg_¨v-mgvwaÓ bvgK gvM©v½|
(N) Bw›`ªqt- 1-8 ch©¨šÍ †Kb Bw›`ªq ejv nBqv‡Q Zvnv iƒc-
wefv‡Mi e¨vL¨v 194 c„t `ªóe¨| gb mnRvZ ˆPZwm‡Ki Dci
AvwacZ¨ K‡i ewjqv Bnv g‡bw›`ªq| myL, `ytL, †mŠgbm¨
†`Š¤§©bm¨ †e`bv-‰PZwmK‡K Bw›`ªq ejv nBqv‡Q, KviY Bnviv
wbR wbR mnRvZ a¤§©‡K Awff‚Z Kwiqv, ¯^ ¯^ ¯’‚jfve Abyfe
Kivq| D‡cÿv-‡e`bv‡K Bw›`ªq ejv nBqv‡Q, KviY Bnv mnRvZ
wPË-‰PZwmK‡K kvšÍ, cÖYxZ (DËg), wbi‡cÿ-fve cÖvß Kivq|
kª‡×w›`ªq Akª×v‡K civf‚Z Kwiqv m¤úÖh³ y wPË-‰PZwm‡Ki
cÖmbœZv Avbqb K‡i| Òexh©¨Ó †KŠmx`¨-civf‡e, Ò¯§„wZÓ
Avj¤^b‡K wbZ¨ Dcw¯’Z ivwL‡Z, ÒGKvMÖZvÓ Avj¤^‡b wP‡Ëi
wbðj Ae¯’v‡b B›`ªZ¡ K‡i| ÒcÖÁvÕ †gvn-aŸs‡m m¤úÖh³ y wPË-
‰PZwm‡Ki Dci AvwacZ¨ K‡i| ÒAÁvZ‡K (Pvwi Avh©¨-
mZ¨‡K) RvwbeÓ ewjqv Drcbœ A‡gvn-wPË B›`ªZ¡ cÖvß nB‡j
ms‡hvRbÎq (mrKvq-`„wó, kxjeªZ-civgk©, wewPwKrmv) wQbœ
Kwi‡Z cv‡i Ges mnRvZ ˆPZwmK¸wj‡K GB †Q`b-
Kvh©¨vwfgyLx Kwiqv Zvnv‡ì Dci B›`ªZ¡ K‡i| Bnv †mªvZvcwË-
gvM©¯’ ÒA‡gvnÓ ˆPZwmK| †jv‡KvËi-Áv‡bw›`ªq (AT&wTw›`ªq)

KvgivM, e¨vcv` cÖf…wZ ms‡hvRb‡K `yeŸ©j K‡i Ges mnRvZ
a¤§©‡K wb‡Ri ekeË©x K‡i| Bnv Dc‡ii wZb gvM©¯’ Ges bx‡Pi
wZb dj¯’ ÒA‡gvnÓ ˆPZwmK|
†jv‡KvËi-Ávbxw›`ªq (AT&TZvwew›`ªh) meŸ© Kv‡h©¨ JrmyK¨
aŸsm Kwiqv mnRvZ a¤§©‡K Ag„ZvwfgyLx K‡i| Bnv AinZ¡-
dj¯’ ÒA‡gvnÓ ˆPZwmK|
ØvweskwZ Bw›`ª‡qi µgt- †`nx‡K Avh©¨-f‚wg jvf Kwi‡Z
nB‡j meŸ© cÖ_g †`n¯’ Bw›`ªq mg~n eywS‡Z nq| GRb¨ Pÿz
cÖf…wZ c‡Âw›`ªq meŸ©v‡MÖ D‡jøwLZ nBqv‡Q †`nx cybiwc ¯¿x ev
cyiæl| GRb¨ GB `yB Bw›`ªq ZrciB ¯’vb cvBqv‡Q| wKš‘ D³
mß Bw›`ªq Rxwe‡Zw›`ªq-cÖwZe×| hZKvj Rxwe‡Zw›`ªq cÖengvb
_v‡K, ZZKvj myL-`ytLvw` †e`bvI we`¨gvb _v‡K| GB †e`bv
wKiƒ‡c B›`ªZ¡ K‡i, Zvnv eySv Avek¨K| we‡kølY Kwiqv †`wL‡j
cÖgvwYZ nq †h, meŸ©wea †e`bvB `ytL| ÒmyL-‡e`bv wVZv myLv,
wecwiYvg `yK&LvÓ| GB `ytL AwZµg Kwi‡Z nB‡j kª×v, exh©¨,
¯§„wZ, mgvwa I cÖÁvi ïay cÖ‡qvRb b‡n, Abykxj‡b Zvnvw`M‡K
B›`ª‡Z¡ cwicyó Kiv Acwinvh©¨| Bnv‡ì B›`ªZ¡ jv‡f D”Pvkv
wb×©vi‡Yi kw³ jvf nq,øAÁvZ‡K Rvwbevi m¼í Rv‡M| GB
m¼‡íi B›`ªZ¡ Ae¯’vB †jv‡KvË‡ii cÖ_g gv‡M©,ø‡mªvZvcwË-
gv‡M© DcbxZ K‡i| GB gvM© †hB cwic° Ávb cÖ`vb K‡i, †mB
ÒAT&wTw›`ªqÓ, Bnvi c‡iB ¯’vb cvBqv‡Q| GB ÒAT&wTw›`ªqÓ
Abykxj‡b ÒAT&TvZvwew›`ª‡hÓ, c~YZ © v cÖvß nq| BnvB An©‡Zi
Ae¯’v| GBLv‡bB KiYxq K…Z¨ nq|
8g Rxwe‡Zw›`ªq wØweatøiƒc-Rxwe‡Zw›`ªq I Aiƒc-
Rxwe‡Zw›`ªq| 14k D‡c‡ÿw›`ªq †e`bv ˆPZwmK; ÒZÎga¨¯’ZvÓ
bvgK †kvfb ˆPZwmK b‡n| wesk ÒAÁvZ-ÁvZv_©xw›`ªqÓ

D”PZi Rxeb A_©vr †mªvZvcwË-gvM© cÖvwßi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb|
1g nB‡Z 11k Bw›`ªq K¤§©vbymv‡i Ae¨vK…Z| 13k Bw›`ªq
K¤§©vbymv‡i AKzkj| `kg nB‡Z Øvwesk Bw›`ªq ˆPZwmK| cÖ_g
nB‡Z mßg Ges beg Bw›`ªq ˆPZwmK b‡n| cÖ_g mvZ Bw›`ªq
iƒc Ges begwU (g‡bw›`ªq) weÁvb| Aóg Rxwe‡Zw›`ªq iƒc Ges
ˆPZwmK| ¯¿x-Bw›`ªq Ges cyiæl-Bw›`ªq ïay Kvg-‡jv‡K jf¨,
iƒcviƒc †jv‡K jf¨ b‡n| iƒc-Rxwe‡Zw›`ªq Aiƒc-‡jv‡K jf¨
b‡n| cÂ¯‹Ü wewkó m‡Ë¡ iƒcviƒc Dfq Rxwe‡Zw›`ªq jf¨|
(AviI we¯Í…Z fv‡e Rvwb‡Z nB‡j Òhg‡Ki ÒBw›`ªq-hgKÓ
`ªóe¨)|
(O) ejt- ÒBw›`ªqÓ cÖwZcÿ a¤§©‡K civf‚Z K‡i; wKš‘
ÒejÓ cÖwZcÿ a‡¤§©i Avµg‡Y AUj _v‡K| kª×v hLb B›`ªZ¡
cÖvß nq, ZLb Akª×vi m‡½ †hb Bnv‡K msMÖvg Kwiqv Rqx
nB‡Z nq| wKš‘ kª×v hLb ej-cÖvß nq, ZLb Akª×vi Avµg‡Y
AKw¤úZ _v‡K; Akª×v AvÍ-civwRZ nq| kª‡×w›`ªq nB‡Z kª×v-
ej AwaK kw³kvjx|
Akª×vq Kw¤úZ nq bv ewjqv kª×v-ej|
†KŠmx‡`¨ Kw¤úZ nq bv ewjqv exh©¨-ej|
cÖgv‡` Kw¤úZ nq bv ewjqv ¯§„wZ-ej|
J×‡Z¨ Kw¤úZ nq bv ewjqv mgvwa-ej|
Awe`¨vq Kw¤úZ nq bv ewjqv cÖÁv-ej|
An«x Øviv Kw¤úZ nq bv ewjqv n«x-ej|
AbcÎcvq Kw¤úZ nq bv ewjqv AcÎcv-ej|
n«x Øviv Kw¤úZ nq bv ewjqv An«x-ej|
AcÎcvq Kw¤úZ nq bv ewjqv AbcÎcv-ej|
(Bnv‡ì e¨vL¨v ˆPZwmK cwi‡”Q‡` `ªóe¨)|
(P) AwacwZt- Q›`vw` Pvwi ˆPZwmK ¯^ ¯^ mnRvZ

ˆPZwmK‡K AvÍ-e‡j AvÍ-MwZ cÖvß Kivq| mnRvZ wPË-
‰PZwmKI †mB MwZ-Abyhvqx Pwj‡Z _v‡K| GB cÖKvi
Avwac‡Zï Kvi‡Y Bnvw`M‡K ÒAwacwZÓ ejv nq|
GB Pvwi AwacwZi g‡a¨ exh©¨, wPË Ges gxgvsmv ev cÖÁv
Bw›`ªqiƒ‡cI M„nxZ nBqv‡Q| Bnviv ¯^ ¯^ B›`ªZ¡ cwiZ¨vM bv
KwiqvB AvwacZ¨ Kwiqv _v‡K| ÒwPËÓ GLv‡b Reb-
wP‡ËvrcwË| Ab¨ wZb AwacwZI Reb¯’v‡b AvwacZ¨ K‡i|
hLb †Kn †Kvb KvR K‡i, ZLb nq ÒD‡Ïk¨Ó, bZzev ÒB”Qv-
kw³Ó A_ev ÒD`¨gÓ wKsev ÒÁvbÓ gyL¨ nBqv Zvnv‡K
cwiPvwjZ K‡i| Bw›`ªq I AwacwZi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ GB †h,
Bw›`ª‡qi mgKÿ Av‡Q, AwacwZi mgKÿ bvB| GBRb¨ GK
mgq GKwU gvÎ AwacwZ nq Ges Ab¨ wZbwU †mB AwacwZi
AbymiY K‡i|
(Q) Avnvit- Avnvi A‡_© wK eySvq? hvnv Òbvg-iƒc‡KÓ
Drcbœ K‡i, cwi‡cvlY K‡i ZvnvB bvgiƒ‡ci Avnvi| Avnv‡ii
Drcvw`Kv kw³ _vwK‡jI, Dc¯Í¤¢b ev cwi‡cvlY-kw³B Bnv‡Z
cÖej| KejxK…Z-Avnvi fÿYxq `ªe¨vw`; Bnv iƒcvnvi| Aiƒc-
Avnvi wKš‘ wÎweatø ¯úk©, †PZbv I weÁvb| (1) KejxK…Z
Avnvi iƒc-Kv‡qi mšÍwZi KviY| K¤§©-d‡j iƒc-Kv‡qi DrcwË
nB‡jI Dnvi †cvlY I mšÍwZi Ro Avnv‡ii cÖ‡qvRb, †hb Bnv
c~Y© Avqy®‹vj Awe‡”Q‡` hvcb Kwi‡Z cv‡i| iƒc-Kvq iƒcvnviB
†Luv‡R| (2) Ò¯úk©Ó †e`bvi Avnvi; †e`bv ¯úk©B †Luv‡R|
¯úk© myL-‡e`bv Rb¥vBqv, †mB †e`bv Dc‡fv‡Mi Rb¨ mË¡M‡Yi
Z…òv Dcv`vb I K‡¤§©vrcwËi KviY nq| (3) †PZbvnvi 29
cÖKvi KzkjvKzkj †jvKxq wPË| Bnvi Aci bvg K¤§© ev ms¯‹vi
ev K¤§©-fe| Ges Bnv weÁvb ev wecvK-wP‡Ëi Avnvi|
Òwecv‡Kv K¤§-m¤¢‡evÓ| (4) weÁvbvnvi Ewbk cÖKvi cÖwZmwÜ-

wPË| Bnv bvg-iƒc, lovqZb I ¯ú‡k©i Avnvi|
¯úk©, †PZbv I weÁvb GB wZb bvgvnv‡ii e‡j Rxeb-Pµ
Awew”Qbœ AvewË©Z nB‡Z‡Q| ¯úk©vnvi †PZbvnvi‡K, †PZbvnvi
weÁvbvnvi‡K, cybiwc weÁvbvnvi ¯úk©vnvi‡K †cvlY
Kwi‡Z‡Q| iƒcvnvi iƒc-Kvq‡K mÄxweZ ivwLqv Pwjqv‡Q| GB
PZzweŸ©a Avnv‡ii e‡j cÂ¯‹Ü Awew”Qbœ Pz¨wZ-cÖwZmwÜi ga¨
w`qv msmwiZ nB‡Z‡Q| GB Avnv‡ii wb‡iv‡a c‡Âvcv`vb-¯‹Ü
ev `ytL wbiæ× nq| c‡Âvcv`vb-¯‹Ü Ges `ytL Awfbœ|
Òmw•L‡Ëb cÂ‚cv`vbLÜvwc `yK&LvÓ|
†evwa-cÿxq a‡¤§©i ms‡ÿcv_©
†h mKj wPË-‰PZwm‡Ki DrKl©-mvab †evwa-Ávb jv‡fi
c‡ÿ Acwinvh©¨, ZvnvivB †evwa-cÿxq a¤§©| ˆPZwmK wnmv‡e
Zvnv‡ì msL¨v †PŠÏ| wKš‘ GB †PŠÏwUi g‡a¨ exh©¨, ¯§„wZ,
GKvMÖZv, kª×v I cÖÁv h_vµ‡g 9, 8, 4, 2, 5 evi MÖnY
Kiv‡Z Dnviv muvqwÎk msL¨K nBqv‡Q| GB muvqwÎk m•L¨K
ˆPZwmK‡K ¯§„wZ-cÖ¯’vbvw` mvZ †kªYx‡Z fvM Kwiqv cÖ`wk©Z
nBqv‡Q|
(K) ¯§„wZ-cÖ¯’vbt- Avj¤^‡bi h_v_© ¯^fve wb×©vi‡Yi Rb¨
wP‡Ëi Zb¥‡a¨ AbycÖ‡ek Kiv Ges †mB wb×©vwiZ h_v¯^fv‡e
¯§„wZi Awew”Qbœ I AåvšÍfv‡e ch©¨‡eÿY Kivi bvgB ¯§„wZ-
cÖ¯’vb| GLv‡b ÒcÖ¯’vbÓ A_© Mgb b‡n, eis ZwØcixZ,
ÒmycÖwZwôZ _vKvÓ| myZivs ¯§„wZ-cÖ¯’vb cÂ¯‹‡Üi h_vf‚Z
¯^fv‡e Ávbv¾©b I †mB Áv‡b ¯§„wZi mycÖwZwôZ Ae¯’v| GKwU
gvÎ Ò¯§„wZÓ-‰PZwmK Kvqv, †e`bv, wPË a¤§© (msÁv I ms¯‹vi)
GB Pvwi Avj¤^b-‡f‡` PZz×©v nBqv‡Q| Kvqv AïwP, †e`bv `ytL,
wPË AwbZ¨, a¤§© AbvÍ| ÒGB PZzweŸ©a ¯§„wZ-cÖ¯’vb Avh©¨-kªve‡Ki

wPË-eÜb-¯Í¤¢; Bnv †hgb GKw`‡K Zvnvi †jŠwKK ¯^fve,
†jŠwKK ¯§„wZ-m¼í, †jŠwKK Rxe‡bi e¨_v-Møvwb-cwi`vn
cwiZ¨v‡Mi Rb¨, †Zgwb Ab¨w`‡K Ávb-gvM© AwaKvi I wbeŸ©vY
cÖZ¨ÿ Kwievi wbwgËÓ| ga¨g-wbKvqø125| Bnv Òmg¨K&-
mgvwaiÓ cwic~iK Ges Aóvw½K gv‡M©i mßg A½| Kvqv
AïwP,øRxweZ ev g„Z Dfq Ae¯’vq AïwP| Bnv cÖZ¨‡qvrcbœ,
myZivs wejqkxj| Bnv ÒAvgvi b‡nÓ, ÒAvwgÕ b‡nÓ, ÒAvgvi
AvÍv b‡nÓ| Kvqvi C`„k ¯^fv‡e Abvm³ ¯§„wZi Awew”Qbœ
RvMiYkxjZvB ÒKvqvby`k©b ¯§„wZ-cÖ¯’vbÓ|
myL-‡e`bv, `ytL †e`bv, †mŠgbm¨, †`Š¤§©bm¨, D‡cÿv-
‡e`bv, Dnviv Z…òvhy³ nDK ev Z…òv-wegy³ nDK, meŸ© cÖKvi
†e`bvB cwiYvg-`ytLKi| ÒmyL-‡e`bv wVZv myLv, wecwiYvg
`yK&LvÓ| ÒmyL-‡e`bv jK&L‡Y `yK&Lvh †e`bvh Afve‡Zv myLs
†e`bs †e`hgv‡bv myLs †e`bs †e`hvgxwZ cRvbvwZÓ| myL-
‡e`bv `ytL b‡n, wKš‘ `ytL-mZ¨; A_©vr fvex `ytL| `ytL-‡e`bv
`ytL Ges `ytL-mZ¨| myZivs meŸ©wea †e`bvB `ytL| Bnv
cÖZ¨‡qvrcbœ myZivs wejq-a¤§©x| †Kvb †e`bvB ÒAvgvi b‡nÓ
ÒAvwg b‡nÓ ÒAvgvi AvÍv b‡nÓ| †e`bvi C`„k ¯^fv‡e Abvm³
¯§„wZi AcÖgË RvMiYkxjZvB Ò†e`bvby`k©b ¯§„wZ-cÖ¯’vbÓ| †h
†Kvb f‚wg‡Z KzkjvKzkjvw` †h †Kvb wPË Drcbœ nDK bv †Kb,
†mB wP‡Ëi DrcwË-wejq m¤^‡Ü ÁvZ _vwKqv eywS‡Z nB‡e †h,
wPË cÖZ¨‡qvrcbœ myZivs wb‡ivakxj| †Kvb wPËB ÒAvgvi b‡nÓ,
ÒAvwg b‡nÓ ÒAvgvi AvÍv b‡nÓ| wP‡Ëi C`„k ¯^fv‡e Abvm³
wP‡Ëi AcÖgË RvMiYkxjZvB ÒwPËvby`k©b-¯§„wZ-cÖ¯’vbÓ|
msÁv-ms¯‹vivw`‡K Zvnv‡ì ¯^ ¯^ jÿYvbymv‡i ch©¨‡eÿY
Kwiqv eywS‡Z nB‡e †h, Zvnviv †nZ‚™¢‚Z Ges †nZzi wb‡iv‡a
wbiæ× nq| Zvnv‡ì †KvbwUB ÒAvgvi b‡nÓ, ÒAvwg b‡nÓ,

ÒAvgvi AvÍv b‡nÓ,| msÁv-ms¯‹v‡ii C`„k ¯^fv‡e Abvm³
¯§„wZi AcÖgË RvMiYkxjZvB Òa¤§©vby`k©b ¯§„wZ-cÖ¯’vbÓ|
(L) PZzweŸ©a mg¨K&-cÖavbt- GLv‡b Òmg¨K&Ó kã Øviv †Póvi
AmvaviYZv eySvB‡Z‡Q| 70 Zg c„ôvq Òexh©¨Ó ˆPZwmK `ªóe¨|
GLv‡bI GKwU Òexh©¨Ó ˆPZwmK Pvwi cÖKvi K…Z¨-‡f‡` PZzweŸ©a
nBqv‡Q| †mB K…Z¨ (1) msei-cÖavb, A_©vr Abyrcbœ cv‡ci
Abyrcv`bv_© Bw›`ªq-mshg| (2) cÖnvY-cÖavb, A_©vr Drcbœ cvc-
wPšÍv e¾©b| (3) fvebv-cÖavb,ø Abyrcbœ Kzk‡ji Drcv`b I
msMV‡bi Rb¨ cÖej D`¨g| (4) AbyiÿY-cÖavb, A_©vr Drcbœ
Kzkj-wP‡Ëi msiÿY, e„w×-‰ecy‡jï Rb¨, cwic~Y© MV‡bi Rb¨
AK¬všÍ †Póv| ÒD‡cvm_-mnPiÓ 41k-43k c„ôv `ªóe¨|
(M) Fw×-cv`t- Fw× A_© AmvaviY kw³; cv` A_© jv‡fi
Dcvq| myZivs Fw×-cv` AmvaviY kw³ jv‡fi Dcvq| GB
Dcvq †PZbv-RvZ, we`k©b-RvZ b‡n| Ges Bnv PZzweŸ©at- Q›`,
wPË, exh©¨, gxgvsmv ev cÖÁv| Bnviv cÖ‡Z¨‡K AwacwZ ¯^fve-
wewkó, GB ˆPZwmK PZzóq hLb cÂg a¨vb-e‡j cwicywó jvf
K‡i, ZLb wPË AmvaviY kw³-m¤úbœ nBqv _v‡K| (1) bvbvwea
Fw×, (2) wè¨-‡kªvÎ, (3) ciwPË-Ávb, (4) AZxZ Rb¥
ci¯úivi ¯§„wZ, (5) mË¡M‡Yi Pz¨wZ I cÖwZmwÜ m¤^‡Ü
Ávb,øGB cÂwea kw³ ev AwfÁv †jvKxq| †jv‡KvËi AwfÁv
ÒAvme-ÿq-ÁvbÓ| cÖ_g cuvPwU gn˜MZ wP‡Ëi Ae¯’v|
†k‡liwU AbyËi wP‡Ëi Ae¯’v| GB Fw× Kvg‡jvKxq Q›`, exh©¨,
wPË ev cÖÁvq jvf nq bv| bvbvwea evav-weNœ AwZµ‡gi Rb¨
Bnvw`M‡K AwacwZi Ae¯’vq MVb Kwi‡Z nq| GB MVb-Kvh©¨
cÂg-a¨v‡b `ÿZv jv‡fB c~Y©Zv cÖvß nq|
(N-O) c‡Âw›`ªq I cÂ e‡ji e¨vL¨v wgkª-msMÖ‡ni, e¨vL¨vq

`ªóe¨| G¯’‡j ïay Bnv ejv hvB‡Z cv‡i †h, †mªvZvcwË-gv‡M©
kª‡×w›`ª‡qi, Pvwi mg¨K&-cÖav‡b ex‡h©¨w›`ª‡qi, Pvwi ¯§„wZ-cÖ¯’v‡b
¯§„Zxw›`ª‡qi, Pvwi a¨v‡b mgvaxw›`ª‡qi Ges PZzivh©¨-m‡Z¨
cÖ‡Áw›`ª‡qi cÖKUZv `„ó nq|
(P) mß †eva¨½t- Pvwi gvM©-ÁvbB m‡¤^vwa| hvnviv GB
m‡¤^vwa DrcwËi mnKvix I ejevb cÖZ¨q (KviY) ZvnvivB
Bnvi A½ ev wb`vb| Bnv‡ì msL¨v mvZ| h_vtø
1| ¯§„wZ1tø ø Kvqv, †e`bv, wPË Ges a¤§©øGB PZzweŸ©a
Avj¤^‡bi h_v_© ¯^fv‡e `„p fv‡e cÖwZwôZ _vwKqv, cÖgv` aŸsm
I AcÖgv` myMVb Kwiqv, ¯§„wZ PZz-gvM©-Ávb Drcv`‡bi cÖavb
A½ nq|
2| a¤§©-wePvi ev cÖÁvtø ø Bnv we`k©‡bi DrcwË¯’j, KviY
cÖÁv AšÍR©MZ I ewnR©MZ weweavKv‡i ch©¨‡eÿY, we‡kølY I
wePvi Kwiqv Zrm¤^‡Ü h_vh_ wm×v‡šÍ DcbxZ nq| Zvnvi
†MvPixf‚Z welq m¤^‡Ü GBiƒ‡c m‡¤§vn weaŸsm c~eŸ©K Am‡¤§vn
cwic~Y©vKv‡i MVb K‡i| Ges ¯^qs PZzgvM©-Ávbiƒ‡c Òm‡¤^vwaÓ
bvg MÖnY Kwiqv _v‡K|
3| exh©¨tø
ø Òmg¨K&-cÖav‡biÓ exh©¨B exh©¨-m‡¤^va¨v½| exh©¨
Kzkj-wP‡Ëi jxb-fve we`~iY c~eŸ©K KË©e¨-m¤úv`b-ÿgZv I
Drmvn-D`¨g RvMÖZ Kwiqv m‡¤^vwa Drcv`‡bi A½ nq|
4| cÖxwZtøø Bnv mg¨K&-¯§„wZi Avj¤^‡b I mse×©gvb Kzk‡j
wP‡Ëi meŸ©wea AiwZ I DrKÉv we`~iY c~eŸ©K a¤§©iwZ, a¤§©bw›`,
I a¤§©vivg c~Y© Kwiqv m‡¤^vwa Drcv`‡bi A½ nq|
1
D‡cvm_-mnP‡i Òmg¨K-¯§„wZÓ `ªóe¨|
5| cÖkªw× (cÖkvwšÍ)tø
ø H H Avj¤^‡b I mse×©gvb Kzk‡j
wP‡Ëi †µva-DrKÉv we`~iY c~eŸ©K kvwšÍ Avbqb Kwiqv m‡¤^vwa
Drcv`‡bi A½ nq|
6| mgvwatøm‡¤^vwa Drcv`‡b mgvwai Kvh©¨ AZxe cÖKU|
GKvMÖwP‡Ëi Avj¤^bgqZvB mgvwa|
7| D‡cÿv (ZÎga¨¯’Zv)tø ø wP‡Ëi jxb I D‡ËRbvi
(PÂjZvi) mgZv iÿv Kwiqv m‡¤^vwa Drcv`‡bi A½ nq|
(Q) Aóvw½K gvM©t- Aóvw½K gvM© wZb ¯‹‡Üi AšÍM©Z|
mg¨K&-evK¨, mg¨K&-K¤§©, I mg¨K&-AvRxe kxj-¯‹‡Ü msM„nxZ|
mg¨K&-e¨vqvg, mg¨K&-¯§„wZ, I mg¨K&-mgvwa mgvwa-¯‹‡Ü
msM„nxZ| mg¨K&-`„wó I mg¨K&-m¼í cÖÁv-¯‹‡Ü msM„nxZ|
mg¨K& evK¨vw` A½Îq kxj| myZivs mgRvZxq ewjqv kxj-
¯‹‡Ü msM„nxZ| mg¨K&-e¨vqvgvw` A½Î‡qi g‡a¨ mg¨K&-mgvwai
ïay wbR GKvMÖZv ¸‡Y Avj¤^‡b mgvwnZ nBqv _vwKevi kw³
bvB| mg¨K&-e¨vqvg I mg¨K&-¯§„wZ nB‡Z cÖMÖn I wbg¾b Kvh©¨
m¤úv`‡bi mvnvh¨ cvB‡j mgvwnZ nBevi kw³ cÖvß nq| myZivs
mg¨K&-mgvwa ¯^fve-¸‡Y Ges Ab¨ `yBwU Zvnv‡ì Kvh©¨-¸‡Y
mgvwa-¯‹‡Ü fz³ nBqv‡Q| mg¨K&-`„wó-cÖÁv| wKš‘ mg¨K&-m¼í
e¨ZxZ cÖÁv c½y| GB mg¨K&-m¼í cÖÁvi AwecixZ Kvh©¨-
¸‡YB cÖÁv-¯‹‡Ü ¯’vb cvBqv‡Q| ÒD‡cvm_-mnPiÓ `ªóe¨|
Òkxj-cwicyó mgvwa gnr dj, gnvg½j cÖ`vb K‡i|
mgvwai-cwicyóv cÖÁv gnrdj, gnvg½j cÖ`vb K‡i| cÖÁv-
cwicyó wPË Avme nB‡Z meŸ©‡Zvfv‡e gy³ nqÓ| GBiƒ‡c
Aóvw½K gvM© †evwa-cÿxq| GB Aó A‡½i †`kbvq cvi¤úh©¨
_vwK‡jI Abykxj‡b cvi¤úh©¨ bvB| †h †Kvb A‡½i Abykxj‡b
evKx mvZwUI AívwaK cwigv‡Y AbykxwjZ nq|
GB muvqwÎk †evwa-cÿxq a¤§© mg¯Í †jv‡KvËi wP‡Ë we`¨gvb

_v‡K| wKš‘ m¼í ev ÒweZK©Ó ˆPZwmK wØZxq I Z`~×© a¨vb-
wP‡Ë Ges ÒcÖxwZÓ ˆPZwmK PZz_© I cÂg a¨vb-wP‡Ë we`¨gvb
_v‡K bv| †jvKxq wP‡ËI hLb Qq cÖKvi weïw× (kxj-weïw×,
wPË-weïw×, `„wó-weïw×, K•Lv-DËiY weïw×, gvM©vgvM©-Ávb-
`k©b weïw×) Drcbœ nq, ZLb mßwÎskr a¤§©I h‡_vchy³ fv‡e
Drcbœ nq|
†PŠÏwU †kvfb-‰PZwmK wKiƒ‡c †evwacÿxq a¤§© nBj?
37 †evwacÿxq ag©
8 gvM©v½
7 †eva¨½
5 Bw›`ªq
5 ej
4 Fw×cv`
4 mg¨K cÖavb
4 ¯§„wZcÖ¯’vb
m¼í 1
1
cÖkªw× 2
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 9 8 4 2 5
1 1 1
cÖxwZ 3
D‡cÿv 4
Q›` 5
1 1
wPË 6
mg¨K-evK¨ 7
1 1 1 1 1 1
mg¨K-Kg© 8
mg¨K-AvRxe 9
exh©¨ 10
1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1
¯§„wZ 11
4
GKvMÖZv 12
kª×v 13
cÖÁv 14
1
1
37
4
cvVK cvwVKvMY ¯§viK-Mv_v mwnZ wgjvBqv Dc‡ii

ZvwjKvwU ch©¨‡eÿY Kwi‡eb| Zvnv nB‡j welqwU wek`Zi
nB‡e|
meŸ©-msMÖ‡ni ms‡ÿcv_©
cÂ-¯‹Üt- 1| K¤§©, wPË, FZz Avnvi-mgywÌZ iƒc,øAZxZ,
AbvMZ, eË©gvb †h †Kvb Kv‡ji nDK bv †Kb, †`n¯’ nDK ev
evwn‡ii nDK, m~² nDK ev ¯’‚j nDK, nxb nDK ev DËg
nDK, `~i¯’ nDK ev mgxc¯’ nDK mgMÖ iƒcivwki mgwóMZ bvg
Òiƒc-¯‹ÜÓ|
2| 89 cÖKvi wP‡Ëi mnRvZ myL, `ytL, D‡cÿvw` kvixwiK
I gvbwmK †e`bvivwk, AZxZvbvMZ eË©gvb, wbR †`n¯’ ev
evwni¯’, m~² ev ¯’‚j, nxb ev DËg, `~i¯’ ev mgxc¯’, mgMÖ
†e`bvivwki mgwóMZ bvg Ò†e`bv-¯‹ÜÓ|
3| Pÿz-ms¯úk©Rv msÁv, †kªvÎ-, NªvY-, wRnŸv-, Kvq-, gb-
ms¯úk©Rv msÁv, AZxZvw` GKv`k AeKv‡k Drcbœ 89 wP‡Ëi
mnRvZ msÁvivwki mgwóMZ bvg ÒmsÁv-¯‹ÜÓ|
4| Pÿz-ms¯úk©Rv †PZbv, †kªvÎ-, NªvY-, wRnŸv-, Kvq-, gb-
ms¯úk©Rv †PZbv AZxZvw` GKv`k wefv‡M wef³ Pvwi f‚wgi
†PZbv ivwki mgwóMZ bvg Òms¯‹vi-¯‹ÜÓ|
5| Pÿz-weÁvb, †kªvÎ-weÁvb, NªvY-weÁvb, wRnŸv-weÁvb,
Kvq-weÁvb, g‡bvavZz I g‡bvweÁvb-avZz Pvwif‚wgi GB wPË-
mg~‡ni mgwóMZ bvg ÒweÁvb-¯‹ÜÕ|
cÂ-¯‹Ü‡K `yB fv‡e cÖ`wk©Z nBqv‡Q| c„_M&R‡biv Bnv‡K
ïf, myL, wbZ¨ I AvÍv g‡b Kwiqv Bnv‡Z Avm³ nq| ZLb GB
cÂ¯‹ÜB Zvnv‡ì Z…òvi †MvPi-f‚wg nBqv _v‡K| GgZve¯’vq
cÂ¯‹ÜB Zvnv‡ì Òc‡Âvcv`vb ¯‹ÜÓ nq| 28 cÖKvi iƒc
iƒ‡cvcv`vb ¯‹Ü; †e`bv-‰PZwmK †e`‡bvcv`vb ¯‹Ü; msÁv-

‰PZwmK ms‡Ávcv`vb ¯‹Ü; evKx 50 cÖKvi ˆPZwmK
ms¯‹v‡ivcv`vb ¯‹Ü| 81 cÖKvi †jvKxq wPË weÁv‡bvcv`vb
¯‹Ü|
evqvbœ cÖKvi ms¯‹vi (ˆPZwmK) nB‡Z †e`bv I msÁv‡K
c„_K Kwiqv, iƒc, †e`bv, msÁv, 50 cÖKvi ms¯‹vi I weÁvb
mn cÂ¯‹Ü MYbv Kiv nBqv‡Q| †e`bv I msÁv‡K c„_K fv‡e
cÖ`k©‡bi KviY wK? Kvg, iƒcI Aiƒc fzwg‡Z †e`bv Av¯^v`
Abyfe Kwiqv Dcbœ nq| Ges msÁv Aï‡f ïf msÁvi,
Awb‡Z¨ wbZ¨-msÁvi, AbvÍvq-AvÍ-msÁvi AvKv‡i Av¯^v‡ì
DcKiY nq| GBiƒ‡c †e`bv I msÁv, msmvi-P‡µ cwiåg‡Yi
cÖavb-cÖZ¨q| GB wewkó ¯^fve †nZz ms¯‹viØq‡K c„_K fv‡e
cÖ`wk©Z nBqv‡Q|
ÒeÆ a‡¤§my Am&mv`s Z`m&mv`yc‡mebs,
wewbf‚Ä wb`m&‡mZzs LÜØhgy`vnUsÓ|
Øv`kvqZbt- ÒAvqZbÓ A_© DrcwË-¯’vb, wbevm-¯’vb| Pÿz
I eY©, Øvi I Avj¤^‡bi AvKv‡i, Pÿz-weÁv‡bi AvqZb ev
DrcwË-¯’vb| GB cÖKv‡i †kªvÎ I kã, †kªvÎ-weÁv‡bi, NªvY I
MÜ NªvY-weÁv‡bi, wRnŸv I im wRnŸv-weÁv‡bi, Kvqv I ¯úÖóe¨
Kvq-weÁv‡bi Ges gbt I a¤§© g‡bvweÁv‡bi AvqZb| Bnv‡ì
g‡a¨ Pÿvw` QqwU Ava¨vwÍK ev Øvi-f‚Z †`n¯’ AvqZb| Ges
iƒcvw` QqwU Avj¤^b-f‚Z ewnivqZb| 52 cÖKvi ˆPZwmK, 16
cÖKvi m~² iƒc Ges wbeŸ©vY,-GB 69 a¤§©B a¤§©vqZb|
Aóv`k avZzt- ÒAËv‡bv mfves av‡išÍxÕwZ avZz‡hvÓ| hvnviv
wbR wbR ¯^fve aviY K‡i, A_©vr AvÍvi ¯^fve aviY K‡i bv,
Zvnviv avZz| `k©b-Kv‡h©¨ mvnvh¨ Kwievi ¸Y ev ¯^fve GKgvÎ
PÿzB aviY K‡i; GBRb¨ Pÿz ÒavZzÓ| Z`ªƒc †kªvÎvw` m¤^‡Ü|
Pÿz-cÖmv`B Pÿz-avZz; †kªvÎ-cÖmv` †kªvÎ-avZz; NªvY-cÖmv` NªvY-

avZz; wRnŸv-cÖmv` wRnŸv-avZz; Kvq-cÖmv` Kvq-avZz|
cÂØviveË©b wPË Ges m¤úÖZx”Q wPËØq g‡bvavZz| GB QqwU
ÒAva¨vwÍK avZzÓ|
iƒcvej¤^b iƒc-avZz, kãvj¤^b kã-avZz, MÜvj¤^b MÜ-avZz,
imvj¤^b im-avZz, ¯úÖóe¨vj¤^b ¯úÖóe¨-avZz, a¤§©vqZbB a¤§©-
avZz| GB QqwU evwni¯’ avZz|
KzkjvKzkj wØwea Pÿz-weÁvbB Pÿz-weÁvb-avZz| †mBiƒc
†kªvÎ-weÁvb-avZz, NªvY-weÁvb-avZz, wRnŸv-weÁvb-avZz, Kvq-
weÁvb-avZz| wØcÂ-weÁvb I g‡bvavZzwÎK ev` Aewkó 76
cÖKvi g‡bvweÁvbB g‡bvweÁvb-avZz| GB QqwU ÒweÁvb-avZzÓ|
wcU‡K DwjøwLZ Ab¨vb¨ eû avZz GB Aóv`k avZziB AšÍM©Z|
Zx‡ÿèw›`ªq, bvwZ-Zx‡ÿèw›`ªq Ges g„`y-Bw›`ªq wnmv‡e gvbyl‡K
wZb †kªYx‡Z wefvM Kiv hvq| we`k©b-fvebvi D‡Ï‡k¨
Zx‡ÿèw›`ª‡qi Rb¨ cÂ¯‹Ü, bvwZ-Zx‡ÿèw›`ª‡qi Rb¨ Øv`k-
AvqZb Ges g„`y-Bw›`ª‡qi-Rb¨ Aóv`k avZz, wefvM Kwiqv
cÖ`wk©Z nBqv‡Q| Ges bvg-msg~‡pi Rb¨ bvg-¯‹Ü Pvwi fv‡M
wef³| iƒc-msg~‡pi Rb¨ iƒc Øv`k-AvqZ‡b wef³| bvg Ges
iƒc Dfq msg~‡pi Rb¨ bvg-iƒc Aóv`k avZz‡Z wef³|
(O) PZzivh©¨-mZ¨t- Avh©¨ A_© †kªô, cweÎ| myZivs Avh©¨-
mZ¨ A_© †kªô I cweÎ mZ¨| A_©vr Avh©¨ KË…©K cÖKvwkZ I
Avh©¨-f‚wg‡Z cwiPvjbvKvix mZ¨|
81 cÖKvi †jvKxq wPË, †jvf ˆPZwmK e¨ZxZ Aewkó 51
cÖKvi ˆPZwmK I 8 cÖKvi Bw›`ªq-iƒc BnvivB Ò`ytL-mZ¨Ó|
Ò†jvfÓ ˆPZwmK Ò`ytL-mgy`q-mZ¨Ó| mgy`q=D™¢e, hÏ¦viv
`yt‡Li D™¢e nq ZvnvB `yt‡Li KviY| †cŠbtcywbK Rb¥-RwbZ
`yt‡Li wb‡ivaB Òwb‡iva mZ¨Ó| Bnvi Ab¨ bvg ÒwbeŸvbÓ|
Avh©¨ Aóvw½K gvM© `ytL-wb‡iv‡ai A_©vr wbeŸvb jv‡fi Dcvq

¯îƒc ÒgvM©-mZ¨Ó|
89 cÖKvi wP‡Ëi Ab¨ GK bvg ÒgbvqZbÓ| Bnv wKiƒ‡c
Òmß weÁvb-avZz‡ZÓ wef³ Zvnv 112-113 c„ôvq e¨L¨vZ
nBqv‡Q|
wbeŸvb‡K ÒA‡f`Ó ejv nBqv‡Q GB A‡_© †h,
AZxZvbvMZvw` Kvjvbymv‡i Ges Ava¨vwÍK-evwn¨K, m~²-¯’‚j,
nxb-DËg, `~i¯’-mgxc¯’ BZ¨vw` Ae¯’v Abymv‡i ¯‹Ü‡K †hgb
wefvM Kiv hvq, †Zgb wbeŸvb‡K wefvM Kiv hvq bv| GBRb¨
wbeŸvb ÒA‡f`Ó Ges Ò¯‹Ü-gy³Ó1|
GB ch©¨šÍ Awfa¤§©v_©-msMÖ‡n mgy”Pq msMÖ‡ni ms‡ÿcv_©
eY©b mgvß|
Aóg cwi‡”Q`
cÖZ¨q-msMÖn
1| m~Pbv-Mv_vt- cÖZ¨q I Z`yrcbœ wefvM Kwiqv,
h_vhy³ fv‡e hvB G‡e weewiqv|
2| cÖZ¨q-msMÖ‡n `yBwU welq Av‡jvwPZtø
(K) cÖZxZ¨-mgyrcv` bxwZ;
(L) cÖ¯’vb-bxwZ|
GB `yBwU bxwZi g‡a¨ c~‡eŸ©v³wU Ò†mB †mB cÖZ¨q a‡¤§©i
we`¨gv‡b GB GB Drc`¨gvb Drcbœ nqÓ| cÖZxZ¨-mgyrcv`-
bxwZi BnvB êwkó¨|
NUbv we‡k‡li cÖZ¨q wePviB cÖ¯v’ b-bxwZ| AvPvh©¨MY wKš‘
GB Dfq-bxwZ mswgwkªZ Kwiqv eY©b K‡ib|
1
208 c„ôvq ¯§viK-Mv_vq 4_© csw³‡Z ÒZ…òvÓ kãwUi ¯’‡j Ò¯‹ÜÓ nB‡e|
cÖZxZ¨-mgyrcv`-bxwZtø
1-2 Awe`¨vi cÖZ¨‡q ms¯‹vi;
2-3 ms¯‹v‡ii cÖZ¨‡q weÁvb;
3-4 weÁv‡bi cÖZ¨‡q bvg-iƒc;
4-5 bvg-iƒ‡ci cÖZ¨‡q lovqZb;
5-6 lovqZ‡bi cÖZ¨‡q ¯úk©;
6-7 ¯ú‡k©i cÖZ¨‡q †e`bv;
7-8 †e`bvi cÖZ¨‡q Z…òv;
8-9 Z…òvi cÖZ¨‡q Dcv`vb;
9-10 Dcv`v‡bi cÖZ¨‡q fe;
10-11 f‡ei cÖZ¨‡q Rb¥;
11-12 R‡b¥i cÖZ¨‡q Riv-giY-‡kvK-cwi‡èb-`ytL-
‡`Š¤§©bm¨-‰bivk¨ Drcbœ nq| GBiƒ‡c mgMÖ `ytLivwk Drcbœ
nq| BnvB cÖZxZ¨-mgyrcv`-bxwZ|
3| GB bxwZ‡Z wZb Kvj, Øv`k A½, weskwZ AvKvi, wÎ-
mwÜ, Pvwi ms‡ÿc (¸”Q), wÎ-e„Ë Ges (K‡¤§©i) `yB g~j eywS‡Z
nB‡e|
Zvnv wK cÖKv‡i?
wZb Kvjtø Awe`¨v I ms¯‹vi AZxZ Kvj; Rb¥-Riv-giY
AbvMZ Kvj; g‡aï Aó A½ eË©gvb Kvj|
Øv`k A½tø (1) Awe`¨v; (2) ms¯‹vi; (3) weÁvb; (4)
bvg-iƒc; (5) lovqZb; (6) ¯úk©; (7) †e`bv; (8) Z…òv; (9)
Dcv`vb; (10) fe; (11) Rb¥;ø (12) Riv-giY| †kvK cÖf…wZ
R‡b¥i ïay cÖvlw½K (msm„ó) djiƒ‡c D‡jøwLZ| cybiwc GLv‡b
hLb ÒAwe`¨vÓ I Òms¯‹viÓ MÖnY Kiv nq, ZLb Zvnv‡ì m‡½
ÒZ…òvÓ, ÒDcv`vbÓ, ÒfeÓ (Dn¨vKv‡i) M„nxZ| †mBiƒc hLb
ÒZ…òvÓ ÒDcv`vbÓ ÒfeÓ MÖnY Kiv nq, ZLb ÒAwe`¨vÓ I
Òms¯‹viÓ (Dn¨vKv‡i) M„nxZ| Ges hLb ÒRb¥-Riv-giYÓ MÖnY

Kiv nq, ZLb ÒweÁvbvw`Ó cÂ djI (Dn¨vKv‡i) M„nxZ| GB
cÖKv‡i †nZz-djtø
ÒAZx‡Zi cÂ †nZz; eË©gv‡b cÂ dj;
eË©gv‡b cÂ †nZz; fvex Kv‡j cÂ djÓ|
GBiƒ‡c weskwZ AvKvi, wÎ-mwÜ I Pvwi ms‡ÿc|
wÎ-e„Ët-
(1) †K¬k-e„Ë,øAwe`¨v, Z…òv, Dcv`vb|
(2) K¤§©-e„Ë,øf‡ei ÒK¤§©feÓ bvgK GKvsk I ms¯‹vi|
(3) wecvK-e„Ë,øf‡ei ÒDrcwË-feÓ bvgK Acivsk I
Aewkó A½ mg~n|
wØ-g~jtø ÒAwe`¨vÓ I ÒZ…òvÓ GB `yB g~j|
6| ¯§viK-Mv_vt- wQbœ n‡q hvq h‡e †mB g~jØq,
Zvi m‡½ iæ× nq Zvi e„ËÎq|
wKš‘ m`v Riv-g„Zz¨-g~”Q©vq cxwoZ,
mË¡‡ì Avmevw` nÕ†j Drcvw`Z,
cybivq Awe`¨vI nq cÖewË©Z|
GBiƒ‡c Awew”Qbœ Avw` weiwnZ,
wÎ-‡fŠg wÎ-e„Ë-f‚Z ÒKvh©¨ I KviYÓ|
gnvgywb K‡i‡Qb wek` eY©b\
7| cÖ¯’vb-bxwZ
cÖ¯’vb-bxwZ‡Z wb‡æv³ cÖZ¨q mg~n mswkøótø
(1) †nZz; (2) Avj¤^b; (3) AwacwZ; (4) AbšÍi; (5)
mgbšÍi; (6) mnRvZ; (7) A‡b¨vb¨; (8) wbkªq; (9) Dcwbkªq;
(10) c~eŸ©RvZ; (11) cðv¾vZ; (12) Av‡meb; (13) K¤§©;
(14) wecvK; (15) Avnvi; (16) Bw›`ªq; (17) a¨vb; (18)
gvM©; (19) m¤úhy³; (20) wecÖhy³; (21) Aw¯Í; (22) bvw¯Í;

(23) weMZ; (24) AweMZ|
8| D³ 24 cÖKvi cÖZ¨‡qi Qq cÖKvi wefvMt-
[1] bvg †h bv‡gi m‡½ QqwU cÖZ¨q;
[2] bvgiƒc m‡½ wKš‘ cÂwea nq|
[3] iƒ‡ci mwnZ GK|
[4] iƒc †h bv‡gi GK|
[5] cÖÁwß I bvgiƒc bv‡gi wØwea|
[6] Ø‡q Ø‡q bewea| wefvM QÕwea|
[1] cÖ_gZtø ø bv‡gi mwnZ bv‡gi Qq cÖKvi cÖZ¨q|
h_vtøGBgvÎ wbiæ× wPË-‰PZwmK Z`bšÍ‡i Drcbœ we`¨gvb
wPË-‰PZwm‡Ki (1) AbšÍi, (2) mgbšÍi, (3) bvw¯Í, (4)
weMZ-cÖZ¨q| cybivq c~eŸ©eË©x Reb cieË©x Re‡bi (5)
Av‡meb-cÖZ¨q| Ges mnRvZ wPË ˆPZwmK ci¯úi (6)
m¤úÖhy³-cÖZ¨q| bv‡gi mwnZ bv‡gi GB Qq cÖKvi cÖZ¨q|
[2] Zrci bv‡gi mwnZ bvg-iƒ‡ci cuvP cÖKvi cÖZ¨q|
h_vtø†nZz, a¨vbv½ I gvM©v½ Zvnv‡ì mnRvZ bvg-iƒ‡ci
mwnZ h_vµ‡g (1) †nZz-cÖZ¨q; (2) a¨vb-cÖZ¨q I (3) gvM©-
cÖZ¨q| mnRvZ-‡PZbv mnRvZ bvg-iƒ‡ci mwnZ (4) K¤§©-
cÖZ¨q| †mBiƒc bvbv ÿwYKv-‡PZbv K‡¤§©vrcbœ bvg-iƒ‡ci K¤§©-
cÖZ¨q| cybt wecvK-¯‹Ü ci¯úi (5) wecvK-cÖZ¨q; mnRvZ-
iƒ‡ciI wecvK-cÖZ¨q|
[3] Z…ZxqZtø ø bv‡gi mwnZ iƒ‡ci GK cÖKvi cÖZ¨q|
h_vtøcðv¾vZ wPË-‰PZwmK c~eŸ©RvZ GB Kvqvi cðv¾vZ-
cÖZ¨q|
[4] PZz_©Ztø
ø iƒ‡ci mwnZ bv‡gi GK cÖKvi cÖZ¨q|
h_vtøcÖeË©b Kv‡j Qq ev¯‘ mß-weÁvb-avZzi c~eŸ©RvZ-cÖZ¨q|
†mBiƒc cÂvj¤^b cÂ-weÁvb-exw_i Òc~eŸ©RvZ-cÖZ¨qÓ|
cÂgZtø ø cÖÁwß-bvg-iƒ‡ci mwnZ bv‡gi wØwea cÖZ¨q|
h_vtø Avj¤^b I Dcwbkq| Avj¤^b iƒcvw` Qq cÖKvi|
Dcwbkªq wKš‘ wÎwea| (K) Avj¤^‡bvcwbkªq; (L)
AbšÍ‡ivcwbkªq I (M) cÖK…wZ-Dcwbkªq| Bnv‡ì g‡a¨
Avj¤^‡bi ¸iæZ¡ eywSqv hLb Bnv M„nxZ nq, ZLb
Avj¤^‡bvcwbkªq| GBgvÎ wbiæ× wPË-‰PZwmKB
AbšÍ‡ivcwbkªq| cÖK…wZ-Dcwbkªq eûwea,øivMvw`, kª×vw`, myL,
`ytL, cy˜Mj, Avnvi, FZz, kh¨vmb, BZ¨vw` h_v‡hvM¨ Ava¨vwÍK I
evwn¨K mg¯ÍB Kzkjvw` a‡¤§©i cÖK…wZ-Dcwbkªq-cÖZ¨q| K¤§©I
Bnvi wecv‡Ki cÖK…wZ-Dcwbkªq cÖZ¨q| GBiƒ‡c cÖK…wZ-
Dcwbkªq eûav|
10| lôZtø ø bvg-iƒc bvg-iƒ‡ci mwnZ bq cÖKvi cÖZ¨‡q
m¤úwK©Z| h_vtø (1) AwacwZ; (2) mnRvZ; (3) A‡b¨vb¨;
(4) wbkªq; (5) Avnvi; (6) Bw›`ªq; (7) wecÖhy³; (8) Aw¯Í;
(9) AweMZ|
1| AwacwZ-cÖZ¨q wØweatøø
(K) Avj¤^‡b ¸iæZ¡ Av‡ivc Kwiqv hLb Dnv M„nxZ nq,
ZLb †mB Avj¤^b wP‡Ëi Avj¤^bvwacwZ| (L) PZzweŸ©a
mnRvZvwacwZ (Q›`, wPË, exh©¨, gxgvsmv) mnRvZ bvg-iƒ‡ci
mnRvZvwacwZ|
2| mnRvZ-cÖZ¨q-wÎweatø ø
(K) wPË-‰PZwmK ci¯úi mnRvZ-cÖZ¨q| Ges mnRvZ-
iƒ‡ciI mnRvZ-cÖZ¨q|
(L) gnvf‚Z ci¯úi mnRvZ-cÖZ¨q| Ges Z`yrcbœ iƒ‡ciI
mnRvZ-cÖZ¨q|
(M) ü`q-ev¯‘ Ges wecvK-wPË cÖwZmwÜ-ÿ‡Y mnRvZ-
cÖZ¨q|
3| A‡b¨vb¨-cÖZ¨q-wÎweatø ø
(K) wPË-‰PZwmK ci¯úi, (L) gnvf‚Z ci¯úi, (M)
cÖwZmwÜ-ÿ‡Y ü`q-ev¯‘ I wecvK-wPË ci¯úi A‡b¨vb¨-
cÖZ¨q|
4| wbkªq-cÖZ¨q-wÎweatø ø
(K) wPË-‰PZwmK ci¯úi wbkªq-cÖZ¨q; Ges mnRvZ-
iƒ‡ciI wbkªq-cÖZ¨q|
(L) gnvf‚Z ci¯úi wbkªq; Ges Z`yrcbœ iƒ‡ciI wbkªq|
(M) Qq ev¯‘ mß-weÁvb-avZzi wbkªq|
5| Avnvi-cÖZ¨q-wØweatø
(K) KejxK…Z-Avnvi GB iƒc-Kv‡qi Avnvi-cÖZ¨q|
(L) bvgvnvi mnRvZ bvg-iƒ‡ci Avnvi-cÖZ¨q|
6| Bw›`ªq-cÖZ¨q wÎweatøø
(K) cÂ cÖmv`-iƒc cÂ-weÁv‡bi Bw›`ªq-cÖZ¨q|
(L) iƒc-Rxwe‡Zw›`ªq f‚‡Zvrcbœ-iƒ‡ci Bw›`ªq-cÖZ¨q|
(M) Aiƒc-Bw›`ªqmg~n mnRvZ bvg-iƒ‡ci Bw›`ªq-cÖZ¨q|
7| wecÖhy³-cÖZ¨q-wÎweatø ø
(K) cÖwZmwÜ-ÿ‡Y ü`q-ev¯‘ wecvK-wP‡Ëi mnRvZ nBqv
Ges wPË-‰PZwmK mnRvZ-iƒ‡ci mnRvZ nBqv wecÖhy³-
cÖZ¨q|
(L) cðv¾vZ wPË-‰PZwmK c~eŸ©RvZ GB Kvqvi cðv¾vZ

nBqv wecÖhy³-cÖZ¨q|
(M) cÖeË©‡bi mgq Qq ev¯‘iƒc mß-weÁvb-avZzi c~eŸ©RvZ
nBqv wecÖhy³-cÖZ¨q|
(8-9) Aw¯Í I AweMZ-cÖZ¨q cÂweatø ø
mnRvZ, c~eŸ©RvZ, cðv¾vZ, KejxK…Zvnvi I iƒc-
Rxwe‡Zw›`ªq|
ÒmnRvZ, c~eŸ©RvZ, cðvRvZ Avi,
iƒc-RxweÕw›`ªq mn Kejx-Avnvi;
ÒAw¯Í-AweMZÓ nq GB cÂvKviÕ|
GB PweŸk cÖKvi cÖZ¨q‡K wb‡æv³ Pvwi cÖKvi cÖZ¨‡q cwiYZ
Kiv hvqtø (1) Avj¤^b; (2) Dcwbkªq; (3) K¤§©; (4) Aw¯Í|
GB cÖZ¨q-eY©bvi meŸ©Î ÒmnRvZ-iƒcÓ ewj‡Z meŸ©`v wØwea
mnRvZ-iƒc eywS‡Z nB‡e| cÖ_gZt cÖeË©‡bi mgq ÒwPË-
mgyÌvb-iƒcÓ Ges cÖwZmwÜi mgq ÒK…ZZ¡-iƒcÓ (c~eŸ©Rb¥K…Z
K¤§© Øviv Drcbœ iƒc)|
¯§viK-Mv_vtøwÎKvj-m¤¢‚Z a¤§©, wKsev Kvj-gy³;
†`n¯’ ev evwni¯’, K…Z ev AK…Z,
Av‡Q w¯’Z hZ a¤§© †jv‡K, †jv‡KvË‡i,
cÖÁwß ev bvg, iƒc G wZb AvKv‡i|
†mB mgy`q a¤§© cU&Vvb-gvSv‡i
cÖZ¨‡qi AšÍfz©³ PweŸk cÖKv‡i|
cÖÁwß
Òiƒc, bvg, cÖÁwß GB wÎwe‡ai g‡a¨Ó ÒiƒcÓ (†`n) iƒc-
¯‹Ü gvÎ| Ges ÒbvgÓ wPË-‰PZwmK m•L¨vZ Pvwi Aiƒc-¯‹Ü I
wbeŸvb| wKš‘ bvg e¨ZxZ Aewkó cÖÁwß wØwea,øePbxq I
evPK|
Dnv wK cÖKv‡i?
ÒceŸ©ZÓ, Òf‚wgÓ BZ¨vw` cÖÁwß gvÎ; Zvnviv gnvf‚‡Zi
cwiewË©Z AvKvi Abymv‡i bvg cÖvß nBqv‡Q| †mBiƒc M„n, i_,
kKU, cÖf…wZI cÖÁwß,ø`ªe¨-m¤¢v‡ii we‡klvKv‡i mwbœ‡ek nB‡Z
bvg cÖvß nBqv‡Q| cyiæl, cy˜Mj BZ¨vwÌ cÖÁwß; cÂ-¯‹‡ÜiB
(K¤§©vbymv‡i) wewfbœ Awfe¨w³|
w`K&, Kvj, BZ¨vwÌ cÖÁwß| P›`ª-m~‡h©ï AveË©bvw`‡Z wbf©i
KwiqvB bvgKiY nBqv‡Q|
Kzc, ¸nv BZ¨vwÌ cÖÁwß; iƒc-Kjv‡ci A¯ú„óZv gvÎ|
K…rø, wbwgËvwÌ cÖÁwß; †mB †mB f‚Z wbwg‡Ë (Aïfvw`)
fvebv-we‡kl nB‡Z bvgcÖvß nBqv‡Q|
cvigvw_©K fv‡e C`„k cÖ‡f`vw` we`¨gvb bv _vwK‡jI Bnviv
(gnvf‚Zvw`) cigv_© mg~‡ni (mg~n-mÉvbvw`) QvqvKv‡i
(cÖwZfvMvKv‡i) wP‡ËvrcwËi Avj¤^b nq; cigv_© a‡¤§©i †mB
†mB Qvqv-we‡kl M„nxZ nq, Avjw¤^Z nq, wb×©vwiZ nq Ges
A_©-cÖÁwß bv‡g AwfwnZ nq| KviY Bnv cwiKwíZ, cwiMwYZ,
bvg mgwš^Z, eënv‡i cwie¨³| cigv_© m¤^‡Ü GB cÖKvi
aviYvi bvg ÒA_©-cÖÁwßÓ| KviY Bnv (evK¨, kã, ev wPË Øviv)
cÖÁvwcZ|
evPK ev kã-cÖÁwß bvbv †kªYx‡Z wef³| h_vtø bvg, bvg-

wb×©viY BZ¨vw`| Geswea bv‡gi †h †Kvb †kªYx Qq fv‡M
wef³tø
[1] we`¨gvb cÖÁwß;
[2] Awe`¨gvb cÖÁwß;
[3] we`¨gv‡bi mwnZ Awe`¨gvb cÖÁwß;
[4] Awe`¨gv‡bi mwnZ we`¨gvb cÖÁwß;
[5] we`¨gv‡bi mwnZ we`¨gvb cÖÁwß;
[6] Awe`¨gv‡bi mwnZ Awe`¨gvb cÖÁwß|
A_©vr hw` cvigvw_©K fv‡e we`¨gvb ÒiƒcÓ, Ò†e`bvÓ,
BZ¨vw` AvL¨v Øviv cÖKvwkZ nq, Z‡e GB ÒAvL¨vÓ we`¨gvb
cÖÁwß| wKš‘ hw` cvigvw_©K fv‡e Awe`¨gvb Òf‚wgÓ, ÒceŸ©ZÓ
BZ¨vw` AvL¨v Øviv cÖKvwkZ nq, Z‡e GBme ÒAvL¨vÓ
Awe`¨gvb cÖÁwß| GZ`yfq wgwkªZ Kwiqv [3] lowfÁ, [4] ¯¿x-
kã, [5] ÒPÿz-weÁvbÓ, [6] ÒivR-cyÎÓ h_vµg eywS‡Z nB‡e|
¯§viK-Mv_vtø†kªvÎ-Øv‡i evK&-kã nB‡j AvMZ,
†kªvÎ¯’ weÁvb-exw_ nq Drcvw`Z|
ZvÕi AbšÍ‡i h‡e †mB Avj¤^b,
g‡bvØvi-c‡_vcwi K‡i AvMgb,
mywew`Z nq A_© Zvnvi ZLb|
wKš‘ †mB Avj¤^b hwÌ cÖÁwß,
†jvK eënvi-wm×; ZvB GB L¨vwZ|
GB ch©¨šÍ Awfa¤§©v_©-msMÖ‡n cÖZ¨q msMÖn wefvM bvgK
Aóg cwi‡”Q`|
cÖZ¨q-msMÖ‡ni ms‡ÿcv_©
Dc‡iv³ mvZ cwi‡”Q‡` Òbvg-iƒ‡ciÓ cv_©K¨-Áv‡bi weavb
cÖ`k©‡bi ci, GLb GB Aóg cwi‡”Q‡` †mB Òbvg-iƒcÓ m¤^‡Ü
cÖZ¨q-Ávb jv‡fi Dcvq Av‡jvwPZ| bvg-iƒc †hŠwMK; bvgI
†hŠwMK, iƒcI †hŠwMK| †hŠwMK-a¤§© (m•LZa¤§©) gv‡ÎiB
DrcwË I e„w× GK wbwÏ©ó weav‡b, wbwÏ©ó Dcv‡q m¤úvw`Z nBqv
_v‡K| GB RovR‡oi ÿz`ª-e„nr †Kvb NUbvB webv Kvi‡Y
msNwUZ nq bv| ÒBgw¯§s mwZ B`s †nvwZ; Bgm&m Dàv`v B`s
Dà¾wZ Bgw¯§s AmwZ B`s b †nvwZ; Bgm&m wb‡ivav B`s
wbiæR&SZxÕwZÓ| A_©vr Bnv nB‡j Dnv nq; Bnvi DrcwË‡Z
Dnvi DrcwË| Bnv bv nB‡j, Dnv nq bv; Bnvi wb‡iv‡a Dnv
wbiæ× nqÓ| Bnv hveZxq Òm•LZ-a¤§©Ó m¤^‡Ü,-RovRo m¤^‡Ü
ÒKvh©¨-KviY-bxwZÓ| wKš‘ fMevb ey× Zuvnvi cÖPvwiZ GB
ÒcÖZxZ¨-mgyrcv`-bxwZ‡ZÓ `yt‡Li KviYB wbY©q Kwiqv‡Qb|
Ges Avw`‡ZB ewjqv‡Qb ÒAwe`¨v-cÖZ¨q nB‡Z ms¯‹v‡ii
DrcwË nqÓ| ÒcÖZ¨qÓ A_© GLv‡b KviY, wb`vb, †nZz| hvnvi
mvnv‡h¨ †Kvb Kvh©¨ m¤úvw`Z nq, NUbv N‡U, d‡jvrcbœ nq,
ZvnvB H Kv‡h©ï, H NUbvi, H d‡ji cÖZ¨q| myZivs ewj‡Z
†M‡j cÖZ¨q mvnvh¨KviK ev DcKviK| Òms¯‹v‡iiÓ DrcwË‡Z
Awe`¨v mvnvh¨KviK| Awe`¨vi mvnvh¨ e¨ZxZ ms¯‹vi Drcbœ nq
bv| `wai DrcwË‡Z `y» mvnvh¨KviK| `y‡»i cÖZ¨q e¨ZxZ `wa
Drcbœ nB‡Z cv‡i bv| GB cÖZ¨q bvbv AvKv‡i nBqv
_v‡K|ÒAvwg GKwU cvLx †`‡LwQÓ; Bnv AZ¨šÍ mPivPi NUbv|
GB NUbv m¤úvw`Z nB‡Z gb¯‹vi, Pÿz, Av‡jvK, cvLx
cÖ‡Z¨‡KB mvnvh¨ Kwiqv‡Q, myZivs cÖ‡Z¨‡KB ÒcÖZ¨qÓ| wKš‘
cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki mvnv‡hï cÖK…wZ wfbœ wfbœ| Pÿz ev¯‘i AvKv‡i, cvLx
Avj¤^b nBqv, Av‡jvK Dcwbkªq nBqv mvnvh¨ Kwiqv‡Q|

ÒcU&Vv‡bÓ RovR‡oi hveZxq NUbv‡K 24 cÖKvi cÖZ¨‡qi
AšÍfz©³ Kiv nBqv‡Q, wVK †hgb AmsL¨ m•L¨v-kv¯¿ gvÎ `kwU
msL¨vi AšÍM©Z| hvnv cÖZ¨‡qvrcbœ Zvnv bk¦i, myZivs Amvi|
GLb Avgv‡ì Dcw¯’Z Av‡jvP¨ ÒAwe`¨vÓ wK? Awe`¨v
g‡bve„wË wnmv‡e Ò†gvnÓ ˆPZwmK| Awe`¨v Pvwi-Avh©¨-mZ¨
m¤^‡Ü ÒAÁvbZvÓ| GB Awe`¨v Avgv‡ì wP‡Ë-‡jvf, †Øl,
†gv‡ni AvKv‡i Drcbœ nBqv wPšÍv Kivq, evK¨ ejvq Ges Kvh©¨
Kivq| ZLb Avgv‡ì AKzkj-wPË Drcbœ nq; Bnv AKzkj
ms¯‹vi| ms¯‹vi-DrcwËi Rb¨ Awe`¨v cÖavb cÖZ¨q|
Awe`¨v ev †jvf-‡Øl-‡gv‡ni AwbóKvwiZv I `ytL-¯^fve
eywS‡Z cvwiqv my‡Li Avkvq Avgiv KvgvePi Kzkj-K¤§©
m¤úv`b Kwi| iƒcvePi a¨vb-wPË Drcbœ Kwi| Bnv‡Z Avgv‡ì
cyY¨-wPË ev cyY¨-ms¯‹vi Drcbœ nq| GB cyY¨-ms¯‹vi Avgiv
Drcbœ KwiZvg bv, hw` Avgiv `ytL-we‡ivax I myLvwfjvlx bv
nBZvg| GB cyY¨-ms¯‹vi Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ Awe`¨v `ytL‡K my‡Li
gy‡Lvm civBqv c‡ivÿ fv‡e mvnvh¨ K‡i| †mBiƒ‡c AiƒcvePi
a¨vb-wPË Drcbœ Kiv nq| myZivs Awe`¨vi cÖZ¨‡q 12 AKzkj
ms¯‹vi, 13 Kzkj ms¯‹vi Ges 4 cÖKvi Aiƒc ms¯‹vi ev
Av‡bÄv (wbðj) ms¯‹vi Drcbœ nBqv _v‡K|
GB cyY¨-ms¯‹vi, AcyY¨-ms¯‹vi I Av‡bÄv-ms¯‹v‡ii cÖZ¨‡q
cÖwZmwÜ I cÖeË©b Dfq Kv‡j,øwecvK-wPË Drcbœ nq| Zvnv
c~‡eŸ© Av‡jvwPZ nBqv‡Q| AcyY¨-ms¯‹v‡ii cÖZ¨‡q cÖwZmwÜi
mgq AKzkj-wecvK ÒD‡cÿv mšÍxiY weÁvbÓ Drcbœ nq|
cÖeË©‡bi mgq mßwea A‡nZzK-wecvK Drcbœ nq (3q c„ôv
`ªóe¨)| KvgvePi cyY¨-ms¯‹v‡ii (gnvKzkj-wP‡Ëi) cÖZ¨‡q
cÖwZmwÜi mgq Kzkj-wecvK ÒD‡cÿv mšÍxiYÓ Ges 8
gnvwecvK, GB bq wecvK-weÁvb h‡_vwPZ fv‡e Drcbœ nq|

cÖeË©‡bi mgq 8 gnvwecvK I 8 A‡nZzK Kzkj-wecvK,-GB 16
wecvK-weÁvb Drcbœ nq|
iƒcvePi cyY¨vwfms¯‹v‡ii cÖZ¨‡q cÖwZmwÜ-cÖeË©b Dfq
Kv‡j 5 cÖKvi iƒcvePi wecvK-weÁvb Drcbœ nq|
AiƒcvePi Av‡bÄvwfms¯‹v‡ii cÖZ¨‡q cÖwZmwÜ-cÖeË©b Dfq
Kv‡j 4 cÖKvi Aiƒc-wecvK-weÁvb Drcbœ nq|
ms¯‹vi ÒcÖK…wZ-Dcwbkªq-cÖZ¨qÓ I ÒbvbvÿwYK K¤§©-
cÖZ¨qÓ Øviv weÁv‡bvrcwËi mvnvh¨ K‡i|
weÁv‡bi cÖZ¨‡q bvgiƒ‡ci DrcwËt- weÁvb †hgb cÖwZmwÜ
I cÖeË©b †f‡` wØwea, bvg-iƒcI †Zgwb cÖwZmwÜ I cÖeË©b
†f‡` wØwea| c~‡eŸ©v³ 32 cÖKvi wecvK-weÁv‡bi g‡a¨ ïay 19
cÖKvi cÖwZmwÜ-weÁvbB (95 c„ôv, K…Z¨-msMÖn `ªóe¨) A_©vr `yB
D‡cÿv mnMZ mšÍxiY wPË, 8 gnvwecvK wPË I 9 gn˜MZ
wecvK-wPËB cÖwZmwÜ-K…Z¨ m¤úv`b K‡i; Ges bvg-iƒc
DrcwËi cÖZ¨q nq| GLv‡b ÒbvgÓ ewj‡Z †e`bv-msÁv-ms¯‹vi
GB wZb bvg-¯‹Ü, I ÒiƒcÓ ewj‡Z K¤§©R-iƒc eywS‡Z nB‡e|
181 c„ôvq K¤§©R iƒc-Kjvc `ªóe¨| bvg-iƒ‡ci cÖZ¨‡q
lovqZb Drcbœ nq| GLv‡bI ÒbvgÓ ewj‡Z †e`bvw` ¯‹ÜÎq
Ges ÒiƒcÓ ewj‡Z 4 f‚Ziƒc, 6 ev¯‘iƒc, Rxwe‡Zw›`ªq-iƒc Ges
Avnvi-iƒc eywS‡Z nB‡e| Pÿvw` ÒlovqZ‡biÓ cÖZ¨‡q Pÿz-
ms¯úk©vw` Qq cÖKvi Ò¯úk©Ó Drcbœ nq| ¯ú‡k©i wbkª‡q I
mnRvZ nBqv myL, `ytL, ev D‡cÿv-‡e`bv Drcbœ nq| ¯úk© I
†e`bv meŸ©wPË-mvaviY ˆPZwmK Ges Dfq mnRvZ, A‡b¨vb¨,
m¤úÖhy³, wbkªq, wecvK, Avnvi, Aw¯Í I AweMZ cÖZ¨q|
Ò†e`bviÓ Dcwbkª‡q Kvg-Z…òv, fe-Z…òv, wefe-Z…òv Drcbœ
nq| GB ÒZ…òvÓ hLb wP‡Ë `y‡¤§©vP¨ fv‡e M„nxZ nq, ZLb Dnv
ÒDcv`v‡bÓ cwiYZ nq| Ges GB Dcv`vb,-Kv‡gvcv`vb, `„wó-

Dcv`vb, kxjeªZ-civgk©-Dcv`vb I AvÍev‡`vcv`vb,-GB Pvwi
AvKv‡i (211 c„ôv `ªóe¨) wPË‡K cwiPvjbv Kwiqv K¤§© Kivq I
Zvnvi d‡jvrcwËi cÖZ¨q nq| Dcv`v‡bi cÖZ¨‡q †h
f‡evrcwËi K_v ejv nBqv‡Q, †mB fe `yB A‡_© eëüZ
nBqv‡Q, K¤§©-fe I DrcwË-fe| cÖ_gwU K¤§©, ms¯‹vi, †PZbv
ev 29 cÖKvi †jvKxq KzkjvKzkj K¤§©, wØZxqwU 32 cÖKvi
†jvKxq wecvK-wPË, Zrm¤úÖhy³ 35 ˆPZwmK, Ges 18 cÖKvi
K¤§©R iƒc| Dcv`v‡bi cÖZ¨‡q KzkjvKzkj K¤§© m¤úvw`Z nq,
Zvnvi d‡j Kvg, iƒc, Aiƒc, msÁv, AmsÁv fevw`‡Z1 Rb¥
nq| K¤§©-feB cybR©‡b¥i KviY,-Ab¨ KviY bvB| GB K¤§©
cÖK…wZ-Dcwbkªq I bvbv ÿwYK-K¤§©-cÖZ¨qvKv‡i cybR©‡b¥i KviY
nq| Rb¥ nB‡jB Riv-giY †fvM Kwi‡Z nq Zvnvi Avbylw½K
†kvK, wejvc, kvixwiK I gvbwmK `ytL, ˆbivk¨ BZ¨vw` `ytL-
ivwk Drcbœ nq| Awe`¨v Øviv GBiƒ‡c mgMÖ `ytL-ivwk Drcbœ
nq| Awe`¨v‡K we‡`¨vrcwË Øviv m¤ú~Y© wbiæ× Kwi‡Z cvwi‡j
ms¯‹vivw` Drcbœ nq bv; myZivs cybR©b¥ wbiæ× nq| m‡½ m‡½
`ytL-ivwkI wbiæ× nq|
GB bxwZ‡Z D‡jøwLZ wÎKvj, Øv`k A½, weskwZ AvKvi,
wÎmwÜ, Pvwi ms‡ÿc, wÎe„Ë I `yB g~j Abyev‡` wek`|
1
GLv‡b GKwU welq j¶¨ Kwi‡Z nB‡e, gn˜MZ wP‡Ë I GB Dcv`v‡bi
AvKv‡i †Kgb Z…òv we`¨gvb _v‡K Zvnv Avovi-Kvjvg, ev ivg-cyÎ iƒ`ªK ev
Ab¨ †Kvb a¤§©‡eËv awi‡Z cvwiqvwQ‡jb bv; kvK¨gywb wKš‘ Bnv awiqv
†dwjqvwQ‡jb Ges †mBRb¨ ÒZs a¤§s Abj¼wiZ¡v, Zg&nv wbweŸ¾vÓ Di“‡ejvi
†evwa-`ª“gg~‡j wMqvwQ‡jb Ges ÒcwU”P mgyàv`Ó Avwe®‹vi Kwiqv Z…òv gy³
nBqvwQ‡jb|
cÖ¯’vb-bxwZ
†eŠ×-`k©b Awfa¤§©-wcU‡Ki mßg L‡Ði bvg ÒcU&VvbÓ|
Bnvi A_© cÖavb-KviY, cÖK…Z-KviY| Bnvi Av‡jvP¨ welq 24
cÖKvi cÖZ¨q| cÖZ¨q A_©I KviY, †nZz, wb`vb, DcKviK ev
mvnvh¨Kvix| cÖ‡Z¨K Kvi‡Yi gyL¨ I †MŠY,øwØwea dj| †Kvb
e¨w³ hw` A_© jv‡fi Rb¨ K…wl ev evwYR¨ K‡ib Ges ZØviv
A_©vMg nq I cwievi cÖwZcvjb I `vbvw` Kzkj-K¤§© K‡ib,
Z‡e wZwb Bnvi mydj fvex Kv‡j †fvM Kwi‡eb| Zuvnvi A_©-
jvf, cwievi-cÖwZcvjb, cyY¨-dj BZ¨vw` †MŠY dj| wKš‘
GBme Kv‡h©¨ Zuvnvi wP‡Ëi I †`‡ni †h Abykxjb nq †mB
mgy`q gyL¨ dj| bvg-iƒc m¤úwK©Z gyL¨-d‡ji cÖZ¨q-wePviB
cU&Vv‡bi Av‡jvP¨ welq| GB l‡ow›`ªq MÖvn¨ RovR‡oi hveZxq
NUbv, hveZxq RovRo, Dnv‡ì DcKiY, Dnv‡ì DrcwË,
w¯’wZ GK wbwÏ©ó weav‡b m¤úvw`Z nB‡Z‡Q| H weavb mg~n‡K
ÒcÖZ¨qÓ ejv nBqv‡Q| ÿz`ª, e„nr cÖ‡Z¨K NUbv ev wPšÍvi mwnZ
m¤^Üxf‚Z, wKQyB †Lqv‡ji e‡k ev webv m¤^‡Ü, webv Kvi‡Y
msNwUZ nq bv| GBiƒ‡c †hB c~eŸ©eË©x Ae¯’vi mnv‡q cieË©x
Ae¯’v Drcbœ nq †mB c~eŸ©eË©xwU ÒcÖZ¨q-a¤§©Ó Ges cieË©xwU
ÒcÖZ¨q‡qvrcbœ-a¤§©Ó| Geswea cÖwµqvi msmvaK ÒcÖZ¨q-
kw³Ó| GB cÖZ¨q-kw³ 24 cÖKv‡i cÖZxqgvb nq| Awe`¨v
cÖZ¨q-a¤§©; Ges ms¯‹vi cÖZ¨‡qvrcbœ-a¤§©| Awe`¨v †nZz-cÖZ¨q-
¯^fve-wewkó nB‡j AKzkj ms¯‹vi Drcbœ nq| wKš‘ Awe`¨v‡K
hw` †nZz nB‡Z bv w`qv, Dcwbkªq-cÖZ¨qvKv‡i eënvi Kiv nq,
Z‡e Kzkj ms¯‹vi Drcbœ nq| `y»‡K GK fv‡e eënvi Ki‡j
Zvnv nB‡Z `wa R‡b¥| Ab¨ fv‡e eënvi Kwi‡j gvLb Drcbœ
nq| Aek¨ Awe`¨vi m¤ú‡K© ms¯‹vi cÖZ¨‡qvrcbœ-a¤§© e‡U; wKš‘
weÁv‡bi m¤ú‡K© ms¯‹vi cÖZ¨q-a¤§©, Ges weÁvb ms¯‹v‡ii

cÖZ¨‡qvrcbœ-a¤§©| GBiƒ‡c hvnv G‡Ki m¤ú‡K© cÖZ¨q-a¤§©, Zvnv
Ab¨ GKwUi m¤ú‡K© cÖZ¨‡qvrcbœ-a¤§©|
(1) †nZz-cÖZ¨q †jvf, †Øl, †gvn, A‡jvf, A‡Øl, A‡gvn
GB Qq ˆPZwmK| wkKo †hgb e„ÿ‡K f‚wg‡Z mycÖwZwôZ iv‡L
BnvivI Z`ªƒc wPË‡K Avj¤^‡b mycwÖ ZwôZ iv‡L ewjqv Bnviv
†nZz| C`„k †nZzi AvKv‡i, Bnviv cÖZ¨‡qvrcbœ-a‡¤§©vrcwËi I
w¯’wZi DcKvi Kwi‡Z cv‡i ewjqv †jvfvw` cÖZ¨q-a¤§©x| myZivs
Qq †nZz cÖZ¨q-a¤§©x; Ges Bnv‡ì cÖZ¨‡qvrcbœ-a¤§© 71 cÖKvi
m‡nZzK wPË, 52 cÖKvi ˆPZwmK, m‡nZzK wPËR iƒc, Ges
cÖwZmwÜ-Kvjxb K¤§©R iƒc| †nZz meŸ©`v ˆPZwmK, wKš‘ Bnvi
cÖZ¨‡qvrcbœ a¤§© meŸ©`v wPË Ges iƒc Dfq|
(2) Avj¤^b-cÖZ¨qtø Avj¤^b m¤^‡Ü Avj¤^b-msMÖn 99 c„ôv
Ges Zvnvi e¨vL¨v 108 c„ôv `ªóe¨| Qq cÖKvi Avj¤^bB
Avj¤^b-cÖZ¨q a¤§© Ges mgMÖ wPË-‰PZwmKB Avj¤^b-
cÖZ¨‡qvrcbœ-a¤§©| Avj¤^b hLb AZ¨šÍ cÖxwZi, †jv‡fi, ev
Mfxi kª×vi mwnZ M„nxZ nq ZLb Dnv Avj¤^bvwacwZ ev
Avj¤^‡bvcwbkªq cÖZ¨q-a¤§©x nq| Z`yf‡qi cÖZ¨‡qvrcbœ a¤§© 8
†jvf-mnMZ wPË, 8 gnvKzkj, 4 Ávb-m¤úÖhy³ gnvwµqv, 8
†jv‡KvËi wPË, 47 ˆPZwmK| Avj¤^b-cÖZ¨q iƒc, bvg, cÖÁwß
I wbeŸ©vY; wKš‘ Bnvi cÖZ¨‡qvrcbœ-a¤§© meŸ©`v wPË-‰PZwmK|
(3) AwacwZ-cÖZ¨qtø AwacwZ-cÖZ¨q wØweatø
Avj¤^bvwacwZ, I mnRvZvwacwZ| cÖ_gwU m¤^‡Ü Dc‡i
Av‡jvwPZ nBqv‡Q| Q›`, exh©¨, wPË, gxgvsmv ev cÖÁvB
mnRvZvwacwZ| Bnviv cÖZ¨q-a¤§©x; Bnv‡ì cÖZ¨‡qvrcbœ-a¤§©
wØ‡nZzK Reb 18, wÎ‡nZzK Reb 34, Bnv‡ì m¤úÖh³ y
ˆPZwmK Ges wPËR-iƒc| ÒwKš‘ gxgvsmv ev cÖÁvi Avwac‡Z¨

AKzkj wPË Drcbœ nqÓ|
(4) AbšÍi-cÖZ¨qtø †Kvb GK wPË wbiæ× nBqv †M‡j,
Zvnvi Awe‡”Q‡` Ab¨ GK wPË Drcbœ nq| c~eŸ©eË©x wbiæ×
wPËwU AbšÍi cÖZ¨q-a¤§© Ges cieË©x Drcbœ wPËwU cÖZ¨‡qvrcbœ
a¤§©| fev½-wP‡Ëi mwnZ AveË©b-wP‡Ëi AbšÍi cÖZ¨q|
AveË©‡bi mwnZ wØcÂ-weÁv‡bi, wØcÂ-weÁv‡bi mwnZ
m¤úÖZx‡”Qi, Zrci mšÍxiYvwì, µ‡g Z`vj¤^‡bi mwnZ
fev‡½i AbšÍi cÖZ¨q| cybt fev‡½i mwnZ ZrcieË©x exw_¯’
AveË©b-wP‡Ëi AbšÍi cÖZ¨q| †hgb exw_i mwnZ fev‡½i Ges
fev‡½i mwnZ exw_i AbšÍi m¤^Ü, †Zgwb cÖ‡Z¨K exw_i wPË-
mg~‡ni g‡aÏ µgvš^‡q AbšÍi m¤^Ü| AbšÍi cÖZ¨q-a¤§© 89
wPË I 52 ˆPZwmK, hLb Bnviv wbiæ× nBqv Ab¨ wPË-DrcwËi
AeKvk †`q| Ges GB cÖZ¨‡qvrcbœ a¤§©I 89 wPË Ges 52
ˆPZwmK, hLb Bnviv AbšÍ‡i A_©vr ZrcieË©x-ÿ‡Y Drcbœ nq|
Avmbœ-wP‡Ëi mwnZ Pz¨wZ-wP‡Ëi Ges Pz¨wZ-wP‡Ëi mwnZ
cÖwZmwÜ wP‡Ëi, cÖwZmwÜ wP‡Ëi mwnZ fev‡½i Ges fev‡½i
mwnZ fe-wbKvwšÍ bvgK †jvf-Reb-wP‡Ëi AbšÍi-cÖZ¨q|
GBiƒ‡c Rx‡ei Abvw` Kvj nB‡Z Abycvw`‡kl wbeŸ©vY-jvf bv
nIqv ch©¨šÍ wPË-ci¤úiv DrcwË-wej‡qi ga¨ w`qv cwiewË©Z
nB‡Z nB‡Z Awew”Qbœ fv‡e cÖevwnZ nBqv _v‡K| wP‡Ëi
µ‡gvbœwZ hLb An©‡Zi wP‡Ë civKvôv jvf K‡i, ZLb †PZbv I
K¤§©-‡K¬k m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c wbiæ× nBqv hvq; cybiærcwËi †nZz aŸsm
nq| An©‡Zi Pz¨wZi m‡½ wPË-cÖevn iæ× nq| AbšÍi-cÖZ¨q
ü`q½g Kwi‡Z cvwi‡j kvk¦Z-D‡”Q` `„wó aŸsm cÖvß nq; AbvÍ-
Áv‡bv`q nq, mg¨K&`„wó Drcbœ nq| `ytL-mZ¨ cÖKU nq|
(5) mgbšÍi-cÖZ¨qI AbšÍi-cÖZ¨q m`„k| A_©Kv‡iiv e‡jb

ïay †`kbv-wejv‡m fMevb Bnvi D‡jøL Kwiqv‡Qb|
(6) mnRvZ-cÖZ¨qtø Av‡jvK I DËvc m~‡h©ï mnRvZ|
hLb †Kvb cÖZ¨q Bnvi cÖZ¨‡qvrc‡bœi mwnZ GK m‡½ Drcbœ
nq, ZLb Zvnviv mnRvZ| †hB ÿ‡Y ÒweÁvbÓ Drcbœ nq, †mB
ÿ‡Y †e`bv, msÁv, ms¯‹viI Drcbœ nq| GB A‡_© Pvwi Aiƒc
¯‹Ü mnRvZ-cÖZ¨q| cÖwZmwÜ mgq Òbvg-iƒcÓ mnRvZ, wKš‘
cÖeË©‡bi mgq mnRvZ b‡n|
(7) A‡b¨vb¨-cÖZ¨qtø wÎ`Ð †hgb ci¯ú‡ii mvnv‡h¨
`Ðvqgvb _v‡K, wKš‘ GKwUi cZ‡b Ab¨ `yBwUI f‚cwZZ nq,
Z`ªƒc Aiƒc-¯‹Ü I iƒc-¯‹‡Üi g‡a¨, Pvwi Aiƒc-¯‹Ü, Pvwi
gnvf‚Z Ges cÖwZmwÜ-ÿ‡Y bvg-iƒc ci¯úi ci¯ú‡ii
DrcwËi I Dc¯Í¤¢‡bi (AcZ‡bi) mvnvh¨ K‡i| GKwUi Afv‡e
Ab¨¸wj Drcbœ nB‡Z cv‡i bv| ÒA‡b¨vb¨-cÖZ¨qÓ gvÎB
mnRvZ, wKš‘ mnRvZ gvÎB ÒA‡b¨vb¨-cÖZ¨qÓ b‡n| Pvwi
gnvf‚Z-iƒc f‚‡Zvrcbœ-iƒ‡ci mnRvZ, wKš‘ A‡b¨vb¨ b‡n, KviY
f‚‡Zvrcbœ (Dcv`v) iƒc e¨ZxZ Pvwi gnvf‚Z-iƒc we`¨gvb
_vwK‡Z cv‡i| gnvf‚Z-iƒc ci¯úi ÒmnRvZÓ Ges ÒA‡b¨vb¨Ó
Dfq cÖZ¨q|
(8) wbkªq-cÖZ¨qtø wbkªq I Avkªq GKv_© †evaK kã| f‚wg
Dw™¢‡ì wbkªq| Av‡ivnx hLb †bŠKv‡K wbkªq ev Avkªq Kwiqv
b`x DË©xY© nq, ZLb †bŠKv, Av‡ivnxi b`x cvi nBevi wbkªq|
Pÿz-ev¯‘ Pÿz-weÁv‡bi wbkªq; Pÿz c~eŸ©RvZ; Pÿz-weÁvb Zrci
Drcbœ nq| GRb¨ Pÿz Òc~eŸ©RvZ-wbkªqÓ| wKš‘ wPË-‰PZwmK
mnRvZ nBqv ci¯úi ci¯ú‡ii wbkªq nq, GBRb¨ Bnviv
ÒmnRvZ-wbkªqÓ| wbkªq-cÖZ¨q Bnvi cÖZ¨‡qvrcbœ-a¤§©‡K
DrcwË-ÿY nB‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i|
(9) Dcwbkªq-cÖZ¨qtø ejevb wbkªqB ÒDcwbkªqÓ| ÒcÖavb

DcvqÓ, Òejevb KviYÓ eySvBevi Rb¨ ÒDcÓ Dcm‡M©i ms‡hvM
Kiv nBqv‡Q| wÎwea Dcwbkªq cÖZ¨‡qi g‡a¨ Avj¤^‡bv-cwbkªqI
Avj¤^bvwacwZ m`„k; Ges AbšÍ‡ivcwbkªq AbšÍi-cÖZ¨q m`„k|
`vb, kxj, D‡cvm_, fvebvw` m¤úv`‡bi ci kª×vi mwnZ H me
Kvh©¨ cÖZ¨‡eÿY Kiv nq| GB cÖZ¨‡eÿY-wPË cÖZ¨‡qvrcbœ-a¤§©,
Bnvi cÖZ¨q †mB `vb, kxj, fvebvw` Avj¤^b| Bnviv
cÖZ¨‡eÿY-wP‡Ëi †MŠiegq Avj¤^b| GB A‡_© Bnviv
Avj¤^‡bvcwbkªq| cÖK…wZ-Dcwbkªq eûwea| f‚Z-fwel¨Z-
eË©gv‡bi, wb‡RiI c‡ii 89 wPË, 52 ˆPZwmK, 28 cÖKvi iƒc,
wbeŸ©vY, cÖÁwß GB mg¯ÍB cÖK…wZ-Dcwbkªq-cÖZ¨q-a¤§©| Bnviv
c„_K c„_K fv‡e, Ae¯’vbymv‡i eË©gvb Kvjxq meŸ©wea wPË-
‰PZwm‡Ki cÖZ¨q nq|
(1) Kzkj-Kzk‡ji Dcwbkªqtø kª×v‡K Dcwbkªq Kwiqv `vb,
kxj, fvebv, Kiv nq| cÖÁv‡K Dcwbkªq Kwiqv, KzkjK¤§© Kiv
nq| c~eŸ©K…Z `vb-kxj-fvebv, cieË©x `vb-kxj-fvebvi
Dcwbkªq|
(2) Kzkj-AKzk‡ji Dcwbkªqtø `vb-kxj-fvebvw` m¤úv`b
Kwiqv Zvnv‡ì cÖwZ ¸iæZ¡ Av‡ivc Kwiqv gvb wKsev wg_¨v`„wó
Drcbœ nB‡Z cv‡i| Bnv Avj¤^‡bvcwbkªq| Kzkj K¤§©‡K
Dcwbkªq Kwiqv ivM, †Øl, †gvn, gvb, `„wó Z…òvI Drcbœ nB‡Z
cv‡i| Bnv cÖK…wZ-Dcwbkªq| wKš‘ Kzk‡j AKzk‡j AbšÍ-
‡ivcwbkªq nq bv|
(3) Kzkj Ae¨vK…‡Zi Dcwbkªqtø Kzkj K¤§© meŸ©`v
wecv‡Ki Dcwbkªq| wecvK wKš‘ meŸ©`v Ae¨vK…Z|
(4) AKzkj AKzk‡ji Dcwbkªqtø †jv‡fi Dcwbkª‡q
cÖvwYea I Ab¨vb¨ kxj-f½ Kiv nq| ivM, †Øl, †gvn, gvb, `„wó
I cÖv_©bv (Z…òv) iv‡Mi, †Ø‡li, †gv‡ni, gv‡bi, `„wói I

cÖv_©bvi Dcwbkªq| GK wg_¨v XvwKevi Rb¨ kZ wg_¨vi Avkªq
jIqv nq|
(5) AKzkj Kzk‡ji Dcwbkªqtø AKzkj K‡¤§©i wecvK
cÖwZnZ Kwievi Rb¨ `vb, kxj, fvebvw` Kzkj-K¤§© Kiv nq|
iv‡Mi Dcj‡ÿ `vbvw` Kzkj-K¤§© Kiv nq|
(6) AKzkj Ae¨vK…‡Zi Dcwbkªqtø ivM, †Øl, Ges †gvn
KvwqK myL-`yt‡Li Dcwbkªq| AKzkj-K¤§© wecv‡Ki Dcwbkªq|
myL, `ytL I wecvK Ae¨vK…Z|
(7) Ae¨vK…Z-a¤§© Ae¨vK…Z-a‡¤§©i Dcwbkªqtø An©‡Ziv
wbeŸ©vY‡K Avj¤^b Kwiqv cÖZ¨‡eÿY K‡ib| fev‡½i Dcwbkª‡q
AveË©b-wPË Drcbœ nq| FZz, †fvRb, kh¨vmb BZ¨vw` KvwqK
myL-`yt‡Li Dcwbkªq|
(8) Ae¨vK…Z-a¤§© Kzkj-a‡¤§©i Dcwbkªqtø Aw¾©Z A_©
Ae¨vK…Z, A_©vr KzkjI b‡n, AKzkjI b‡n| GB Ae¨vK…Z-
¯^fve-wewkó A‡_©i Dcwbkª‡q `vb, wenvi-wb¤§©vY, Zx_©-ågY
BZ¨vw` bvbv Kzkj-K¤§© Kiv nq| KvwqK myL-`ytL, FZz, †fvRb,
kh¨v, Avmb cÖf…wZi Dcwbkª‡q `vb, kxj, fvebvw` Kiv nq|
c~wY©gv-‡R¨vrøvi Dcwbkª‡q ARvZkÎæ fMevb ey‡×i wbKU hvBqv
ÒkªvgY¨-d‡jiÓ e¨vL¨v kªeY KwiqvwQ‡jb|
(9) Ae¨vK…Z-a¤§© AKzk‡ji Dcwbkªqtø Pÿvw` Øv`k
AvqZb Ae¨vK…Z| Bnvw`M‡K Dc‡fvM¨ g‡b Kwiqv hLb
Awfb›`b Kiv nq, Av¯^v`b Kiv nq, ZLb Z…òv Drcbœ nq|
AÜKv‡ii Dcwbkª‡q eû cvc K¤§© Kiv nq| wenvi-M„‡ni
Dcwbkª‡q gvrmh©¨ Drcbœ nq| KvwqK myL-`ytL, kh¨v, Avmb,
†fvRb cÖf…wZi Dcwbkª‡q cÖvwYeavw` kxj-f½ Kiv nq|
GBiƒ‡c Dcwbkªq-cÖZ¨q AZxe eûj|
ÒAbšÍ‡ivcwbkªq-cÖZ¨‡qÓ cÖZ¨q-a¤§© cÖZ¨‡qvrcbœ-a‡¤§©i

AbšÍi-cÖZ¨q, Rbbx I mšÍv‡bi m¤^‡Üi b¨vq| Bnv GKB
exw_¯’ wPË-mg~‡ni g‡a¨, A_ev exw_‡Z-fev‡½, wKsev fev‡½-
exw_‡Z, ev Pz¨wZ-cÖwZmwÜ-wP‡Ë| wKš‘ ÒcÖvK…wZK-Dcwbkªq-
cÖZ¨‡qiÓ cÖfve `~ieË©x wPË-exw_‡ZI Drcbœ nq| K‡qK el©
c~‡eŸ© ey×-Mqvi †evwa-`ªæ‡gi Qvqvq †h `vb-kxj-fvebvw`
m¤úvw`Z nBqvwQj, AvR GB `~ieË©x ¯’v‡b Ae¯’vb Kv‡j †mB
¯§„wZ RvwMj Ges †mB Kzkj-¯§„wZ‡K Dcwbkªq Kwiqv GLb
`vb-kxj-fvebv Kiv nBj| GgZve¯’vq Dcwbkªq-cÖZ¨q,
AbšÍi-cÖZ¨q b‡n| KviY GB `yB c„_K mg‡qi Kzkj-K¤§©
Ab¨vb¨ K¤§© Øviv c„_KxK…Z, A_P c~eŸ©wUi mnv‡qB c‡iiwU
m¤úv`b Kiv nBqv‡Q|
(10) c~eŸ©RvZ-cÖZ¨qtø c~eŸ©ÿY nB‡Z Drcbœ Ae¯’vq
_vwKqv eË©gvb-ÿ‡Y mvnvh¨Kvix iƒc-a¤§© Òc~eŸ©RvZ-cÖZ¨qÓ|
c~eŸ©RvZ-cÖZ¨q meŸ©`v ÒiƒcÓ, Ges Bnvi cÖZ¨‡qvrcbœ a¤§©
meŸ©`v ÒbvgÓ ev wPË-‰PZwmK| Pÿz c~‡eŸ©vrcbœ _vwKqv Pÿz-
weÁv‡bvrcwËi cÖZ¨q nq| †mBiƒc †kªvÎ, NªvY, wRnŸv, Kvq Ges
eY©, kã, MÜ, im, ¯úÖóe¨ c~‡eŸ©vrcbœ _vwKqv cÂ-weÁvb I
Zrm¤úÖhy³ ˆPZwm‡Ki c~eŸ©RvZ-cÖZ¨q nq| Pÿvw` Òev¯‘-
c~eŸ©RvZÓ Ges eY©vw` ÒAvj¤^b-c~eŸ©RvZÓ| ü`q-ev¯‘
cÖwZmwÜi mgq cÖwZmwÜ-weÁv‡bi mnRvZ, wKš‘ cÖeË©‡bi mgq
g‡bvavZzwÎ‡Ki I g‡bvweÁvb-avZzi c~eŸ©RvZ|
(11) cðv¾vZ wPË-‰PZwmK c~eŸ©RvZ iƒc-Kv‡qi
cðv¾vZ-cÖZ¨q| ewcZ exR‡K A¼zwiZ I ew×©Z nB‡Z †hgb
cieË©x evwi-ivwk mvnvh¨ K‡i, †Zgwb cÖwZmwÜ-wP‡Ëi mnRvZ
GB K¤§©R Kvqv‡K e×©b I †cvlYv_© cieË©x wPË-‰PZwmK †kl
Py¨wZ-wPË-Kvj ch©¨šÍ (cÖwZmwÜi c‡i cybt cybt Drcbœ nBqv)
ÿ‡Y ÿ‡Y mvnvh¨ K‡i| GB c~‡eŸ©vrcbœ Kvqvi cÖwZ cðv`yrcbœ

wPË-‰PZwmK Geswea mvnvh¨ Kwiqv Òcðv¾vZ-cÖZ¨qÓ nq|
cÖwZmwÜ-wPË Ges Aiƒc wecvK-wPË e¨ZxZ Kvg, iƒc, Aiƒc I
†jv‡KvË‡ii hveZxq wPËB GB K¤§©-wPË-FZz-Avnvi mgywÌZ
iƒc-Kvq‡K cðv`yrcbœ nBqv, †cvlYv_© mvnvh¨ K‡i| GBRb¨
cU&Vv‡b ejv nBqv‡Q Òcy‡iRvZvbs iƒc-a¤§vbs DcÌ¤¢K‡Ìb
DcKvi‡Kv Aiƒca‡¤§v c”Qv¾vZ-c”P‡hvÓ|
(12) Av‡meb-cÖZ¨qtø Av‡meb k‡ãi A_© cybt cybt
†meb, LvIqv, cwiPh©¨v, Af¨vm| †Kvb MÖš’ cybt cybt Aa¨q‡b
cÖ‡Z¨K b~Zb cV‡bi mwnZ Dnv µ‡g µ‡g AwaKZi AwaMZ
nq| GBiƒ‡c wP‡Ëi cÖ¸YZv ev µge×©bkxj `ÿZv m¤úv`bB
Av‡me‡bi we‡klZ¡| wPË-exw_i Reb-¯’v‡b cÖ_g Reb wØZxq
Reb‡K ¯^xq kw³ cÖ`vb K‡i| wØZxq Reb Z…Zxq Reb‡K,
cÖ_g Reb nB‡Z cÖvß kw³ I wbR kw³ GKÎ‡hv‡M cÖ`vb
K‡i| GB cÖKv‡i wP‡Ë kw³-mÂviK GB ÒAv‡meb-cÖZ¨qÓ|
cÖ_g Reb ÒAv‡meb-cÖZ¨q-a¤§©Ó; wØZxq Reb Zvnvi
ÒcÖZ¨‡qvrcbœ a¤§©Ó| cybt wØZxq Reb ÒAv‡meb-cÖZ¨q-a¤§©Ó,
Z…Zxq Reb ÒAv‡meb-cÖZ¨‡qvrcbœ-a¤§©Ó| GBiƒ‡c Aewkó¸wj
eywS‡Z nB‡e| Av‡meb-cÖZ¨q Kzk‡j Kzk‡j, AKzk‡j AKzk‡j,
wµqv-Ae¨vK…‡Z wµqv-Ae¨vK…‡Z| ïay KvgvePi KzkjvKzkj-
wµqv-wP‡Ë, gn˜MZ Kzkj-wµqv-wP‡Ë, Aby‡jvg-Kzkj-wP‡Ë
Ges wbeŸ©vYvj¤^‡bi †MvÎf‚ wP‡ËB Av‡meb-cÖZ¨q nq|
†jv‡KvËi KzkjwP‡Ë GKv Reb bvB, GRb¨ Bnv Av‡meb-
ew¾©Z| †jvKxq 47 Reb-wP‡ËB Av‡meb-cÖZ¨q nq|
AbšÍi I mgbšÍi-cÖZ¨q wPË-exw_i meŸ©¯’v‡b; wKš‘
Av‡meb-cÖZ¨q ïay Reb-¯’v‡b| AbšÍi-cÖZ¨‡q cÖ¸YZv bvB;
cÖ¸Y-fveB Av‡meb-cÖZ¨‡qi êwkó¨| eË©gvb Rxe‡bi Reb-
¯’v‡bB Av‡meb-cÖZ¨q Øviv AZxZ Rxeb-ci¤úivi mwÂZ

Kzkjv-Kzk‡ji,ø Dc¯Í¤¢b, Drcxob, DcNvZb m¤úvw`Z nq|
Av‡meb-cÖZ¨q K‡¤§© K‡¤§© cÖZ¨q Ges ïay Reb-¯’v‡b|
Dcwbkªq-cÖZ¨q K‡¤§© K‡¤§©, K‡¤§©-wecv‡K, wecv‡K K‡¤§©,
KvjvšÍ‡i ev fevšÍ‡i| wecvK-cÖZ¨q wecv‡K wecv‡K| Av‡meb-
cÖZ¨q bv‡gi mwnZ bv‡gi cÖZ¨q|
ÿY-a¤§©x wP‡Ë Av‡meb-cÖZ¨q we`¨gvb Av‡Q ewjqv cyiæl-
e‡ji, cyiæl-weµ‡gi `xN©Kvj MVb I e×©b Kwiqv gnr e¨vcvi
m¤úv`b m¤¢eci nq| Ggb wK ey×Z¡I GB Av‡meb-cÖZ¨q-jä
cÖ¸YZv ØvivB jvf nq| ÒmwZ-cU&Vvbs fv‡ewZÓ, Òm¤úàavbs
fv‡ewZÓ, Òm¤§vwÙ&wV fv‡ewZÓ BZ¨vw`‡Z Òfv‡ewZÓ kã Øviv
Reb-¯’v‡b cybt cybt `xN©Kvj e¨vwcqv Av‡meb ev Af¨vm KivB
eySvq|
(13) K¤§©-cÖZ¨qtø wPË-cÖ‡qvM ev †PZbv Øviv mvnvh¨ KivB
K¤§©-cÖZ¨q| 66 Zg c„ôvq Ò†PZbvÓ ˆPZwmK `ªóe¨| K¤§©-
cÖZ¨q wØwea,ømnRvZ K¤§©-cÖZ¨q Ges bvbv-ÿwYK K¤§©-
cÖZ¨q| mnRvZ K¤§©-cÖZ¨‡qi cÖZ¨q-a¤§© 89 wP‡Ëi 89 †PZbv;
Ges cÖZ¨‡qvrcbœ-a¤§© 89 wPË, wPËRiƒc I cÖwZmwÜ‡Z K¤§©R-
iƒc| bvbv-ÿwYK K¤§©-cÖZ¨‡qi cÖZ¨q-a¤§© AZxZ Rb¥
ci¤úivi †jvKxq 29 Ges †jv‡KvËi 4, †gvU 33 KzkjvKzkj
†PZbv| Ges 36 wecvK-wPË I K¤§©R-iƒc Bnvi cÖZ¨‡qvrcbœ-
a¤§©|
bvbv-ÿwYK K¤§©-cÖZ¨‡qi GK we‡kl kw³ Av‡Q| †PZbv
_vwgqv †M‡jI Bnvi kw³ wPË-cÖev‡n (¯^fve ev ms¯‹v‡ii
AvKv‡i) cÖ”Qbœ _v‡K| hLb †hBwU my‡hvM cvq, ZLb †mBwU
Pz¨wZ-wP‡Ëi ci Òe¨w³-we‡kliƒ‡cÓ cieË©x f‡e Rb¥ MÖnY
K‡i| cÖ‡Z¨K Rxe ÒK¤§m&m‡KvÓ| †hB¸wj my‡hvM bv cvq,

†mB¸wj wbeŸ©vY bv cvIqv ch©¨šÍ wPË-mšÍwZ‡Z cÖ”Qbœ _v‡K|
(14) wecvK-cÖZ¨qtø K‡¤§©i cwiYZ Ae¯’v A_©vr dj-
cÖ`v‡bi Ae¯’vB wecvKve¯’v| †PZbvi Pvwi Ae¯’v,ø [1] wP‡Ë
DrcwËi Ae¯’v; [2] DrcwËi ci wPË-exw_i Reb-¯’v‡b
Av‡me‡bi Ae¯’v; [3] wbwg‡Ëi Ae¯’v ev giYvmbœ-exw_‡Z
m¤úvw`Z-K‡¤§©i cÖwZ”Qwei Ae¯’v; [4] wecvKve¯’v ev dj-
cÖ`v‡bi Ae¯’v| 36 wecvK wPË Ges Zrm¤úÖh³ y 38 ˆPZwmKB
wecvK-cÖZ¨q-a¤§©| wecvK-cÖZ¨‡qvrcbœ-a¤§© I 36 wecvK-wPË
Ges 38 ˆPZwmK Ges cÖeË©b-Kv‡j wPËR iƒc I cÖwZmwÜ‡Z
K¤§©R iƒc| wPË-wbq‡gi Abye‡j (Ae¨vcvibxwZ Øviv) wecvK
¯^Zt Drcbœ nq, Øvi-e‡j b‡n| Dnvi DrcwË †Póv-Drmvn
wbi‡cÿ| wecv‡Ki GB kvšÍ-¯^fve †nZz, ïay fev‡½i Ae¯’v
b‡n, m¤úÖZx”Q, I mšÍxiY cÖf…wZI `y‡Á©q| Re‡b Bnvi cÖfve
ÁvZ nIqv hvq|
(15) Avnvi-cÖZ¨qtø Avnvi m¤^‡Ü 222 c„ôvi UxKv `ªóe¨|
KejxK…Zvnv‡ii cÖZ¨q-a¤§© fÿYxq Avnv‡h©ï IRt Ges Bnvi
cÖZ¨‡qvrcbœ-a¤§© AvnviR-iƒc| Aiƒcvnv‡ii cÖZ¨q-a¤§© ¯úk©,
†PZbv, weÁvb| Bnvi cÖZ¨‡qvrcbœ a¤§© wPË ˆPZwmK, wPËR-iƒc
I cÖwZmwÜ‡Z K¤§©R-iƒc|
(16) Bw›`ªq-cÖZ¨qtø ØvweskwZ cÖKvi Bw›`ª‡qi g‡a¨
ÒfveØqÓ wfbœ Aewkó weskwZ cÖKvi Bw›`ªqB Bw›`ªq-cÖZ¨q
a¤§©x| cÖZ¨q-a¤§© (¸Y, kw³) wZbwUt- Drcv`b, aviY, cvjb|
AbšÍi-cÖZ¨q Drcv`b-¸Y-wewkó; cðv¾vZ cÖZ¨‡qi aviY-¸Y
cÖKU| Ges Rxwe‡Zw›`ª‡q cvjb-¸Y cÖavb| wKš‘ ÒfveØ‡qÓ GB
wZb ¸‡Yi †KvbwU we`¨gvb bvB| cÖZ¨q-¸Y bv _vwK‡jI
Bnvw`M‡K Bw›`ªq ejv nq; KviY Bnviv ¯¿x I cyiæ‡li nve-fve

AvKvi-cÖKvivw` jÿY m¤^‡Ü Kvqvi Dci AvwacZ¨ K‡i|
cÂ cÖmv` ÒBw›`ªq-cÖZ¨q-a¤§©Ó Ges Pÿz-weÁvbvw` cÂ
weÁvb ÒcÖZ¨‡qvrcbœ a¤§©Ó| Bnviv c~eŸ©RvZ-Bw›`ªq-cÖZ¨q|
iƒc-Rxwe‡Zw›`ªq ÒcÖZ¨q-a¤§©Ó; Bnvi ÒcÖZ¨‡qvrcbœ a¤§©Ó
K¤§©R iƒc (iƒc Rxwe‡Zw›`ªq e¨ZxZ)| iƒc-Rxwe‡Zw›`ªq mnRvZ
iƒ‡ci w¯’wZÿ‡Y Bw›`ªq-cÖZ¨q|
evKx cÂ`k Bw›`ªq cÖZ¨q-a¤§©x; Bnv‡ì cÖZ¨‡qvrcbœ-a¤§© ¯^
¯^ m¤úÖhy³ wPË-‰PZwmK I Zr Zr mgyÌvb iƒc| Bnv Aek¨
wPË-mgyÌvb iƒc; wKš‘ cÖwZmwÜi ÿ‡Y K¤§©R iƒc| GZrm‡½
218 c„ôvi ÒBw›`ªqÓ cwVZe¨|
(17) a¨vb-cÖZ¨qtø a¨vb-cÖZ¨‡q mß-a¨vbv½B a¨vb-cÖZ¨q-
a¤§©| wgkª-msMÖn `ªóe¨| wØcÂ-weÁvb e¨ZxZ 79 cÖKvi wPË I
Zrm¤úÖhy³ ˆPZwmK Ges mß-a¨vbv½-mnRvZ-iƒc G¯’‡j
cÖZ¨‡qvrcbœ a¤§©| wØcÂ-weÁvb a¨vb-cÖZ¨‡qi AšÍM©Z b‡n|
KviY GKvMÖZv, D‡cÿv-myL-`ytLvw` †e`bv GBme wPË
a¨vbvKv‡i we`¨gvb _v‡K bv| a¨vb-cÖZ¨‡qvrcbœ wPË Kzkj,
AKzkj, wµqv, wecvK, GB Pvwi RvZxq|
KvgvePi I iƒcvePi a¨vbv‡½i m‡½, cÖeË©‡bi Kv‡j wPË-
mgyÌvb iƒ‡ci cÖZ¨q Ges cÖwZmwÜi mgq K¤§©R iƒ‡ci cÖZ¨q|
†hvMx GB mß a¨vbv‡½i Abye‡j wPË‡K w¯’i I GKvMÖ Kwiqv
†a¨q wel‡q cwiPvwjZ K‡i I Ave× iv‡L Ges C`„k
Avj¤^bve× wP‡Ë kvixwiK, evPwbK I gvbwmK Kvh¨©vw` m¤úv`b
K‡i| Kzkj a¨vbv‡½i Drcv`b e¨ZxZ `vb, kxj, fvebvw` Kzkj
K¤§© Ges AKzkj a¨vbv‡½i Drcv`b e¨ZxZ kxj f½vw` AKzkj
K¤§© †Kn m¤úv`b Kwi‡Z cv‡i bv| GKvMÖZvi ZviZg¨vbymv‡i
kw³i ZviZg¨ nq gvÎ|
a¨vbv‡½i g‡a¨ ÒweZK©Ó mnRvZ-a¤§©‡K Avj¤^‡b ms‡hvM

K‡i, ÒwePviÓ †mB Avj¤^b‡K cybt cybt cixÿv Kwiqv wPË‡K
†mB Avj¤^‡b `„pfv‡e m¤úwK©Z Kwiqv iv‡L| ÒcÖxwZÓ †mB
Avj¤^‡b iæwP Drcv`b Kwiqv wPË‡K Z_vq AvK…ó K‡i, cÖdzjø
K‡i| Ò†e`bvÓ Avj¤^b-im Abyfe KivBqv Zvnv‡K wP‡Ëi
Acwinvh©¨ K‡i| ÒGKvMÖZvÓ wPË‡K Avj¤^bgq K‡i| Aek¨
a¨vbv½ mg~n a¨vb-wP‡Ëi hyMcr Drcbœ nq Ges hyMcr ¯^ ¯^
K…Z¨ m¤úvw`Z nq|
(18) gvM©-cÖZ¨qtø gvM©-cÖZ¨‡q Øv`k gvM©v½B1 ÒgvM©-
cÖZ¨q-a¤§©Ó| Ges 71 m‡nZzK wPË, 52 ˆPZwmK, m‡nZzK
wPËR iƒc, cÖwZmwÜi Kv‡j K¤§©RiƒcB ÒgvM©-cÖZ¨‡qvrcbœ-
a¤§©Ó|
a¨v‡bi Kvh©¨ wPË‡K Avj¤^‡b mij, `„p I Ac©Yvgq
(wbgw¾Z) Kwiqv ivLv| gv‡M©i KvR,- msmvi-P‡µ eÜbKvix
K¤§©-cÖm~ †PZbv‡K Ges msmvi-Pµ nB‡Z gy³Kvix fvebv-cÖm~
†PZbv‡K mij Ges `„p Kiv; Kv‡h©¨, MV‡b, e×©‡b, DbœwZ‡Z
cwiPvjb Kwiqv D”PZg Ae¯’vq,- †jv‡KvË‡i- DbœxZ Kiv| `yB
cÖZ¨‡qi BnvB cv_©K¨|
K¤§©-cÖm~ †PZbv KzkjvKzkj K¤§©vw` m¤úv`b Øviv wÎ‡jv‡K
cÖwZmwÜ MÖnY K‡i| GRb¨ Bnvi bvg ÒK¤§©c_-cÖvß †PZbvÓ|
fvebv-cÖm~ †PZbv fvebvbyµ‡g, myk„•Ljvi mwnZ Abykxj‡b
Kvg‡jvK nB‡Z ¯Í‡i ¯Í‡i DwV‡Z DwV‡Z µ‡g †jv‡KvË‡i DbœxZ
nq; Ggb wK GK Avm‡bB| GRb¨ Bnvi bvg Òf‚gvšÍi-cÖvß
†PZbvÓ|
1
wgkª-msMÖ‡n `ªóe¨|
(19) m¤úÖhy³-cÖZ¨qtø m¤úÖhy³-cÖZ¨q I wecÖhy³-cÖZ¨q

GK hyMj| †mBiƒc Aw¯Í I bvw¯Í GK hyMj| Ges weMZ I
AweMZ Z…Zxq hyMj| GB hyMjÎq †Kvb we‡kl cÖZ¨q b‡n|
cy‡eŸ©v³ cÖZ¨q¸wji g‡a¨ cÖZ¨q-a¤§© I cÖZ¨‡qvrcbœ-a‡¤§©i
m¤^Ü KZK¸wj m¤úÖhy³-fv‡e, Ab¨¸wj wecÖh³ y fv‡e,
KZK¸wj Aw¯Í fv‡e, Ab¨¸wj bvw¯Í fv‡e, KZK¸wj weMZ
fv‡e, Ab¨¸wj AweMZ fv‡e msNwUZ nq| Bnviv BnvB cÖ`k©b
K‡i|
m¤úÖhy³-cÖZ¨‡q ÒcÖZ¨q-a¤§©Ó hveZxq wPË-‰PZwmK| Bnvi
cÖZ¨‡qvrcbœ a¤§©I hveZxq wPË-‰PZwmK| GK ev¯‘, GK
Avj¤^b, GK DrcwËÿY, GK wb‡iva-ÿY Øviv m¤úÖhy³ nB‡jB
m¤úÖhy³-cÖZ¨q| cÖwZmwÜi mgq Òbvg-iƒcÓ mnRvZ, wKš‘
m¤úÖhy³ b‡n|
(20) wecÖhy³-cÖZ¨qtø iƒc Aiƒ‡ci mwnZ GK ev¯‘ I GK
Avj¤^b MÖnY bv KwiqvI Aiƒ‡ci DrcwËi cÖZ¨q nq| AiƒcI
Z`ªƒc iƒ‡ci DrcwËi cÖZ¨q nq| iƒc I Aiƒ‡ci Geswea
cÖZ¨q ÒwecÖhy³-cÖZ¨qÓ| Bnv wÎwea Ges Abyev‡` wek`|
(21) Aw¯Í-cÖZ¨qtø ÒAw¯Í-cÖZ¨qÓ Øviv GB eySvq †h,
cÖZ¨q-a¤§© mnRvZ nBqv we`¨gvb _vKzK ev c~eŸ©RvZ nBqv
we`¨gvb _vKzK, Zvnvi Aw¯Í ev we`¨gvbZvi Kvi‡YB
cÖZ¨‡qvrcbœ a¤§© DrcwË-w¯’wZ-f½ÿ‡Y cwi‡cvwlZ nq| Bnv
Dc¯Í¤¢b ev cwi‡cvlY-¸Y wewkó, RbK-¸Y-wewkó b‡n Ges
wbkªqvKv‡iI cÖZ¨q nq bv, Aw¯Í-fv‡eB cÖZ¨q nq| mnRvZ,
c~eŸ©RvZ, cðv¾vZ, iƒc-Rxwe‡Zw›`ªq I KejxK…Zvnvi-
cÖZ¨vqvwì g‡a¨ †h ÒAw¯Í-fveÓ ZvnvB ÒAw¯Í-cÖZ¨qÓ|
ÒA‡b¨vb¨Ó Ges ÒmšÍwZÓ GB `yB AvKv‡iB Aw¯Í-cÖZ¨q nq|
gnvf‚‡Zi mwnZ f‚‡Zvrc‡bœi ÒAw¯ÍÓ mšÍwZ-fv‡e; wKš‘

gnvf‚‡Z gnvf‚‡Z A‡b¨vb¨-fv‡e|
(22-23) bvw¯Í-cÖZ¨qI weMZ-cÖZ¨q m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c AbšÍi-
cÖZ¨q m`„k| Awe`¨gvb _vwKqvB Bnviv cÖZ¨‡qvrcbœ-a‡¤§©i
DrcwËi AeKvk cÖ`vb K‡i|
(24) AweMZ-cÖZ¨q m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c Aw¯Í-cÖZ¨q m`„k| wZbÿ‡Y
we`¨gvb _vwKqvB cÖZ¨‡qvrcbœ-a¤§©‡K †cvlY K‡i|
ÒAw¯ÍÓ I Òbvw¯ÍÓ kãØq Øviv µ‡g kvk¦Z-ev` I D‡”Q`-
ev` eySvq| Bnvi cÖwZ‡labv_© ÒAweMZÓ I ÒweMZÕ kãØ‡qi
eënvi Avek¨K nBqv‡Q|
4 cÖZ¨‡q 24 cÖZ¨‡qi mgvavb
Ggb †Kvb cÖZ¨q bvB hvnv wPË-‰PZwm‡Ki ÒAvj¤^bÓ nq bv
Ges ¯^ ¯^ cÖZ¨‡qvrcbœ-a‡¤§©i ÒDcwbkªqÓ nq bv| bvg-iƒ‡ci
(†jv‡Ki) DrcwË K¤§©-‡nZzi Dci wbf©i K‡i; ÒK¤§©Ó AwZµg
Kwiqv †jv‡KvrcwË Am¤¢e| Bnviv †hgb †jvK-m¤§wZ Abymv‡i,
†Zgb cigv_©-mZ¨vbymv‡iI we`¨gvb| 24 cÖKvi cÖZ¨q‡K
Zvnv‡ì ¯^fve Abymv‡i wePvi Kwiqv ÒAvj¤^bÓ ÒDcwbkªqÓ,
ÒK¤§©Ó I ÒAw¯ÍÓ cÖZ¨‡q mgwóf‚Z Kiv hvq|
Kvjvbymv‡i wePvi Kwi‡Z †M‡j,- AbšÍi, mgbšÍi, Av‡meb,
bvw¯Í I weMZ cÖZ¨q AZxZ Kvjxq A_©vr cÖZ¨q-a¤§© f½ÿY
cÖvwßi ci cÖZ¨‡qvrcbœ-a¤§© Drcbœ nq| Avj¤^b, AwacwZ I
Dcwbkªq-cÖZ¨q ˆÎKvwjK I Kvj-wegy³ Avj¤^b MÖnY K‡i|
wbeŸ©vY I cÖÁwß Kvj-wegy³| K¤§©-cÖZ¨‡qi g‡a¨ bvbvÿwYK
K¤§©-cÖZ¨q AZxZ-KvwjK I mnRvZ-K¤§© eË©gvb-KvwjK| evKx
cbi cÖZ¨q eË©gvb-KvwjK|
Ava¨vwÍK I evwn¨K wnmv‡e wePvi Kwi‡Z †M‡j,- Avj¤^b,

AwacwZ, mnRvZ, A‡b¨vb¨, wbkªq, Dcwbkªq, c~eŸ©RvZ, Avnvi,
Aw¯Í, AweMZ GB `k cÖZ¨q Ava¨vwÍK I evwn¨K| evKx †PŠÏ
cÖZ¨q ïay Ava¨vwÍK| Pÿz, †kªvÎ, NªvY, wRnŸv, Kvq, Ges †jvf-
‡Ølvw`, kª×v, cÖÁvwì mwnZ m¤úwK©Z cÖZ¨q Ava¨vwÍK| Ges
ewnivqZb, cy˜Mj, FZz, Avnvh©¨vwì m¤úwK©Z cÖZ¨q evwn¨K|
hvnv cÖZ¨‡qvrcbœ ZvnvB ms¯‹…Z ev mgevq-K…Z¨, (m•LZ)|
ZwØcixZ Ams¯‹…Z ev Am•LZ; h_v wbeŸ©vY| Avj¤^b, AwacwZ,
Dcwbkªq cÖZ¨qB Ams¯‹…Z wbeŸ©vY‡K Avj¤^bvwacwZ ev
Avj‡¤^vcwbkªq Kwiqv cÖZ¨‡qvrcbœ-a¤§© Drcbœ K‡i| evKx 21
cÖZ¨‡qi b¨vq Bnviv ms¯‹…‡Zi mwnZI cÖZ¨qxf‚Z|
ˆPZwm‡Ki cÖZ¨q-msMÖn
Ò¯úk©Ó Avnvi-cÖZ¨q| Ò†e`bvÓ Bw›`ªq I a¨vb cÖZ¨q|
Ò†PZbvÓ K¤§© I Avnvi-cÖZ¨q| ÒGKvMÖZvÓ Bw›`ªq, gvM© I a¨vb
cÖZ¨q Ges ÒRxwe‡Zw›`ªqÓ Bw›`ªq-cÖZ¨q| ÒmsÁvÓ I
Ògb¯‹v‡iiÓ †Kvb ¯^Zš¿ cÖZ¨q bvB|
ÒweZ‡K©Ó a¨vb I gvM©, ÒwePv‡iÓ ïay a¨vb, Òex‡h©¨Ó
AwacwZ, Bw›`ªq I gvM©, ÒcÖxwZ‡ZÓ a¨vb Ges ÒQ‡›`Ó AwacwZ-
cÖZ¨q-a¤§© we`¨gvb| ÒAwa‡gv‡ÿÓ †Kvb cÖZ¨q-‰ewkó¨ bvB|
Ò†jvf-‡Øl-‡gvnÓ cÖ‡Z¨KwU †nZz-cÖZ¨q Ges Ò`„wóÓ gvM©-
cÖZ¨q| Aewkó `k AKzkj ˆPZwm‡Ki cÖZ¨q m¤^‡Ü †Kvb
wewkóZv bvB|
†kvfb-‰PZwm‡Ki g‡a¨ Òkª×vÓ Bw›`ªq-cÖZ¨q; ÒA‡jvfÓ I
ÒA‡ØlÓ †nZz-cÖZ¨q; ÒcÖ‡Áw›`ªqÓ †nZz, AwacwZ, Bw›`ªq I gvM©
cÖZ¨q| Ò¯§„wZÓ Bw›`ªq I gvM© cÖZ¨q, ÒweiwZÎqÓ ïay gvM©
cÖZ¨q| evKx 17 ˆPZwm‡Ki †Kvb wewkó cÖZ¨q-kw³ bvB|
Kzkj-wP‡Ëi cÖZ¨q-msMÖnt- Aó gnvKzkj wPË wØ‡nZzK nDK

ev wÎ‡nZzK nDK mg¯ÍB †nZz-cÖZ¨qa¤§©x| Ges Z_vq Pvwi
mnRvZvwacwZ wbR wbR ch©¨vqµ‡g AwacwZ-cÖZ¨q nq|
Ò†PZbvÓ K¤§©-cÖZ¨q, wZb ÒAiƒcvnviÓ Avnvi-cÖZ¨q| wPË,
†e`bv, GKvMÖZv, Rxwe‡Zw›`ªq, kª×v, ¯§„wZ, exh© I cÖÁv Bw›`ªq-
cÖZ¨q| weZK©, wePvi, cÖxwZ, †e`bv I GKvMÖZv a¨vb-cÖZ¨q|
AvU Kzkj gvM©v½ A_©vr cÖÁv, weZK©, weiwZÎq, ¯§„wZ, exh©¨ I
GKvMÖZv gvM©-cÖZ¨q| myZivs cðv¾vZ I wecvK-cÖZ¨q e¨ZxZ
Aewkó ØvweskwZ cÖZ¨q GB Kvg-KzkjvóK wP‡Ë `„ó nq| Kvg-
Kzkj-wecv‡K AwacwZ, cðv¾vZ I Av‡meb cÖZ¨qÎq e¨ZxZ
GK weskwZ cÖZ¨q `„ó nq| gnvwµqv wP‡Ëi cÖZ¨q gnvKzkj-
wP‡Ëi cÖZ¨‡qi Abyiƒc, hwÌ GB wµqv-wP‡Ë weiwZÎq
Awe`¨gvb|
iƒc, Aiƒc I †jv‡KvËi wP‡Ëi cÖZ¨q¸wj, Ávb-m¤úÖhy³
Kvg-Kzkj-wP‡Ëi cÖZ¨‡qi b¨vqB eywS‡Z nB‡e| hw` ZvB nq,
Z‡e GB gn˜MZ I †jv‡KvËi-wPË Kvg-Kzkj-wPË nB‡Z †kªô
†Kb? Av‡meb-cÖZ¨‡qi gvnv‡Í¨ I ZxÿèZvq GB me wP‡Ë Bw›`ªq,
a¨vb, gvM© I Ab¨vb¨ cÖZ¨q-a¤§© †kªôZv jvf K‡i| Ges wPËI
µ‡g µ‡g †jv‡KvË‡i MwVZ nq|
AKzkj wP‡Ëi cÖZ¨q
ÒwewPwKrmvÓ mnMZ †gvn-wP‡Ë 15 cÖKvi ˆPZwmK hy³ nq|
61 c„ôv `ªóe¨| BnvivI wPË mn 16 cÖKvi gvbwmK Ae¯’v m„Rb
K‡i| GB wP‡Ë Ò†gvnÓ †nZz-cÖZ¨q Ges ÒweZK©Ó I Òexh©¨Ó
gvM©-cÖZ¨q| ÒGKvMÖZviÓ Kvh©¨ wewPwKrmvi Øviv evav cÖvß nq;
GRb¨ Bnv Bw›`ªq I gvM© cÖZ¨‡qi Kvh©¨ mgvav Kwi‡Z cv‡i bv|
wKš‘ a¨vb-cÖZ¨‡qi KvR K‡i| AZGe AwacwZ, cðv¾vZ I
wecvK e¨ZxZ evKx GKzk cÖZ¨‡qi KvR GLv‡b `„ó nq|

J×Z¨-mnMZ wP‡Ë Awa‡gvÿ wewPwKrmvi ¯’vb MÖnY Kwiqv 16
cÖKvi gvbwmK Ae¯’v m„Rb K‡i| GB wP‡Ë ÒGKvMÖZvÓ Bw›`ªq,
a¨vb I gvM© cÖZ¨‡qi KvR K‡i| GLv‡bI H GKzk cÖZ¨‡qi
KvRB `„ó nq| †jvf-wP‡Ë †jvf-‡gvn †nZz-cÖZ¨q| Q›`, wPË,
exh©¨ AwacwZ-cÖZ¨q| Avj¤^bvwacwZI GLv‡b `„ó nq| †PZbv
K¤§©-cÖZ¨q| ¯úk©, gbm‡ÂZbv I weÁvb Avnvi-cÖZ¨q| wPË,
†e`bv, GKvMÖZv, Rxwe‡Zw›`ªq Ges exh©¨ Bw›`ªq-cÖZ¨q| weZK©,
wePvi, cÖxwZ, †e`bv I GKvMÖZv a¨vb-cÖZ¨q| weZK©, GKvMÖZv,
`„wó I exh©¨ gvM©-cÖZ¨q| ïay cðv¾vZ I wecvK e¨ZxZ evKx
evBk cÖKvi cÖZ¨q GB †jvf-g~jK wPËvó‡K jf¨| ˆPZwm‡Ki
cÖZ¨q-a¤§© Rvbv _vwK‡j †Øl-wP‡Ëi cÖZ¨q wbY©‡qI †Kvb euvav
_v‡K bv|
cÖZxZ¨-mgyrcv‡ì cÖZ¨q-msMÖnt-
(1-2) ÒAwe`¨vÓ AKzkj-ms¯‹v‡ii †nZz, Avj¤^b, AwacwZ,
mnRvZ, A‡b¨vb¨, wbkªq, m¤úÖhy³ Aw¯Í I AweMZ cÖZ¨q| wPË-
exw_i cÖ‡Z¨K c~eŸ©eË©x Re‡bi Awe`¨v cieË©x Re‡bi AKzkj-
ms¯‹v‡ii AbšÍi, mgbšÍi, AbšÍ‡ivcwbkªq, Av‡meb, bvw¯Í I
weMZ cÖZ¨q| wKš‘ cyY¨-ms¯‹v‡ii Avj¤^b I cÖK…wZ-Dcwbkªq
cÖZ¨q Ges Av‡bÄvwf ms¯‹v‡ii ïay cÖK…wZ Dcwbkªq|
(2-3) Òms¯‹viÓ weÁv‡bi cÖK…wZ-Dcwbkªq Ges bvbvÿwYK
K¤§©-cÖZ¨q|
(3-4) ÒcÖwZmwÜ-weÁvbÓ bv‡gi (†e`bvw` ¯‹ÜÎ‡qi)
mnRvZ, A‡b¨vb¨, wbkªq, wecvK, Avnvi Bw›`ªq, m¤úÖhy³, Aw¯Í
I AweMZ cÖZ¨q| GB bq cÖZ¨q nB‡Z Òm¤úÖh³ y Ó ev` w`qv
ÒwecÖhy³Ó †hvM Kwi‡j †h bq cÖZ¨q cvIqv hvq, Zvnviv

iƒ‡cvrcwËi cÖZ¨q|
(4-5) Òbvg-iƒcÓ I lovqZ‡bi g‡a¨ ÒbvgÓ (†e`bvw`
¯‹ÜÎq) mnRvZ gbvqZ‡bi mnRvZ, A‡b¨vb¨, wbkªq, wecvK,
m¤úÖhy³, Aw¯Í I AweMZ cÖZ¨q| ÒA‡jvfvw`Ó †nZz-cÖZ¨q Ges
Ò†PZbvÓ I Ògbtms¯úk©Ó Avnvi-cÖZ¨qI H mvZ cÖZ¨‡qi
mwnZ †hvM Kiv hvq| ÒbvgÓ Aewkó Pÿvw` cÂvqZ‡bi
cðv¾vZ, wecÖhy³, Aw¯Í I AweMZ cÖZ¨q| wKš‘ ÒiƒcÓ ev
(ü`q-ev¯‘) gbvqZ‡bi mnRvZ, A‡b¨vb¨, wbkªq, wecÖhy³, Aw¯Í
I AweMZ cÖZ¨q; Ges evKx cÂvqZ‡bi mnRvZ, Aw¯Í I
AweMZ cÖZ¨q|
(5-6) ÒlovqZ‡biÓ cÖZ¨‡q ¯úk© Drcbœ nq; Zb¥‡a¨
ÒPÿvw`-cÂ-AvqZbÓ Pÿz-ms¯úk©vw` cÂwea ¯ú‡k©i wbkªq,
c~eŸ©RvZ, Bw›`ªq, wecÖhy³, Aw¯Í I AweMZ GB Qq cÖZ¨q| wKš‘
ÒgbvqZbÓ gbtms¯ú‡k©i mnRvZ, A‡b¨vb¨, wbkªq, wecvK,
Avnvi, Bw›`ªq, m¤úÖhy³, Aw¯Í I AweMZ GB bq cÖZ¨q|
(6-7) ¯ú‡k©i cÖZ¨‡q †e`bv Drcbœ nq| Ò¯úk©Ó †e`bv‡K
mnRvZ, A‡b¨vb¨, wbkªq, wecvK, Avnvi, m¤úÖh³ y , Aw¯Í I
AweMZ GB AvU cÖZ¨q-kw³ Øviv DrcwËi mvnvh¨ K‡i|
(7-8) Ò†e`bvÓ GKgvÎ cÖK…wZ-Dcwbkªq-cÖZ¨q-kw³ Øviv
Z…òv Drcbœ K‡i|
(8-9) ÒZ…òvi cÖZ¨‡qÓ PZzweŸ©a Dcv`vb Drcbœ nq|
Zb¥‡a¨ c~‡eŸ©vrcbœ Kvg-Z…òv cðv`yrcbœ Kv‡gvcv`v‡bi ïay
cÖK…wZ-Dcwbkªq-cÖZ¨q| Z…òv Ab¨ wZb Dcv`v‡bi mnRvZ
nB‡j †nZz, mnRvZ, A‡b¨vb¨, wbkªq, m¤úÖh³ y , Aw¯Í I AweMZ
GB mvZ cÖZ¨q nq| wKš‘ mnRvZ bv nB‡j ïay Dcwbkªq-
cÖZ¨q|
(9-10) Dcv`v‡bi cÖZ¨‡q fe Drcbœ nq| Pvwi ÒDcv`vbÓ

iƒc-fe, Aiƒc-fe I Kvg-myMwZ-f‡ei Dc‡hvMx Kzkj
K¤§©vwì GKgvÎ cÖK…wZ-Dcwbkªq cÖZ¨q| Kv‡gvcv`vb mnRvZ
K¤§©-f‡ei (AKzkj-K‡¤§©i) †nZz, mnRvZ, A‡b¨vb¨, wbkªq,
m¤úÖhy³, Aw¯Í I AweMZ GB mvZ cÖZ¨q| evKx wZb Dcv`vb
mnRvZ K¤§©-f‡ei D³ mvZ cÖZ¨q nB‡Z Ò†nZzÓ ev` w`qv
ÒgvM©Ó †hvM Kwi‡j †h mvZ cÖZ¨q nq, †mB mvZ cÖZ¨q|
(10-11) ÒfeÓ (K¤§©fe) R‡b¥i cÖK…wZ-Dcwbkªq I
bvbvÿwYK K¤§©-cÖZ¨q|
(11-12) ÒRb¥Ó Riv-giY-‡kvKvwì cÖK…wZ-Dcwbkªq
cÖZ¨q| †K¬k-e„Ë K¤§©-e„‡Ëi, K¤§©-e„Ë wecvK-e„‡Ëi, cybt
wecvK-e„Ë †K¬k-e„‡Ëi Dcwbkªq cÖZ¨q|
cÖÁwßt- 24 cÖKvi cÖZ¨‡qi welqxf‚Z iƒc, bvg I cÖÁwß,
GB wÎwea a‡¤§©i g‡a¨ ÒiƒcÓ ewj‡Z iƒc¯‹Ü eywS‡Z nB‡e|
Avj¤^‡b bwgZ nq ewjqv wPË‡K ÒbvgÓ ejv nq| GLv‡b ÒbvgÓ
ewj‡Z Pvwi Aiƒc-¯‹Ü Ges wbeŸ©vY eywS‡Z nB‡e| wbeŸ©vY
Aek¨ wPË wKsev ˆPZwmK b‡n| Z‡e wPË ev bvg Øviv M„nxZ nq
ewjqv, wbeŸ©vY‡K bvg-‡kªYx‡Z fz³ Kiv nBqv‡Q| ÒcÖÁwßÓ A_©
g‡bi aviYv, Abygvb, meŸ©-wew`Z wek¦vm| ÒcÖÁwßÓ, ÒweÁwßÓ
nB‡Z m¤ú~Y© wfbœ| weÁwß weKvi-iƒc Ges cigv_©-a¤§©; evK¨ ev
Kvqvi mÂvjb Øviv D‡Ï‡kï Awfe¨w³| 191 c„ôvq `ªóe¨|
wKš‘ cÖÁwß g‡bi aviYv Ges GB aviYv Awfe¨w³ bv cvB‡ZI
cv‡i| hvnv hvnv cvigvw_©K-fv‡e we`¨gvb, A_©vr wPË, ˆPZwmK,
28 cÖKvi iƒc Ges wbeŸ©vY, Zvnviv Òwe`¨gvb-cÖÁwßÓ| Ges
hvnv †jvK-m¤§wZ g‡Z we`¨gvb, †hgb f‚wg, b`x, M„n, mË¡
BZ¨vw`, wKš‘ cvigvw_©K fv‡e Awe`¨gvb, Zvnv ÒAwe`¨gvb-
cÖÁwßÓ| †Kvb (e¯‘i) DrcwË, AvKvi, eY©, ¸Yvw` m¤^‡Ü
aviYvUv †hgb cÖÁwß, †mB aviYv-cÖKvkK kã, wPý, AvL¨v ev

bvgwU I cÖÁwß| c~‡eŸ©iwU ÒA_©-cÖÁwßÓ, †k‡liwU Òbvg-
cÖÁwßÕ| bvg-cÖÁwß A_©-cÖÁwß cÖKvk K‡i Ges A_©-cÖÁwß
bvg-cÖÁwß Øviv cÖKvwkZ nq| GB A‡_© bvg-cÖÁwß ÒevPKÓ
Ges A_©-cÖÁwß ÒePbxqÓ| bvg-cÖÁwß‡K kã-cÖÁwßI ejv
nq|
bvg-cÖÁwßi bvgKiY bvbv fv‡e nBqv _v‡K| bvg-Øviv,
bvg-wb×©viY Øviv, hyMhyMvšÍi cÖPwjZ AvL¨v Øviv, ev wbiæw³
e‡k, wKsev A_©-e¨ÄK iƒ‡c, A_ev A_©-‡NvlK iƒ‡c| wKš‘ †h
fv‡eB nDK bv †Kb, GB bvg-cÖÁwß we`¨gvb, Awe`¨gvb Ges
GZ`yf‡qi mswgkª‡Y Qq fv‡M wef³tø
1| bqb, Awÿ, Pÿz GB kã¸wj we`¨gvb-cÖÁwß|
2| wèvKi, iwe, fvby, m~h©¨ GB kã¸wj Awe`¨gvb-cÖÁwß|
3| Qq cÖKvi AwfÁv we`¨gvb cÖÁwß| cyiæl Awe`¨gvb
cÖÁwß| Qq AwfÁv Av‡Q hvi †m ÒlowfÁ (eûeªxwn)| myZivs
ÒlowfÁÓ we`¨gv‡bi mwnZ Awe`¨gvb-cÖÁwß|
4| Ò¯¿xÓ Awe`¨gvb-cÖÁwß; ÒkãÓ we`¨gvb-cÖÁwß| myZivs
Ò¯¿x-kãÓ Awe`¨gv‡bi mwnZ we`¨gvb-cÖÁwß|
5| ÒPÿzÓ Ges ÒweÁvbÓ Dfq we`¨gvb-cÖÁwß| myZivs
ÒPÿz-weÁvbÓ we`¨gv‡bi mwnZ we`¨gvb-cÖÁwß|
6| ÒivRvÓ I ÒcyÎÓ Dfq Awe`¨gvb-cÖÁwß ewjqv ÒivR-
cyÎÓ Awe`¨gv‡bi mwnZ Awe`¨gvb-cÖÁwß|
Awfa¤§©v_©-msMÖ‡n cÖZ¨q-msMÖ‡ni ms‡ÿcv_©
eY©bv mgvß|
beg cwi‡”Q`
K¤§©-¯’vb-msMÖn
1| m~Pbv-Mv_vt- Òkg_ I we`k©b G `yB fvebv,
K¤§©-¯’v‡b h_vµ‡g Kwie eY©bvÓ|
2| kg_ K¤§©-¯’vb
kg_-fvebv-msMÖ‡ni AšÍM©Ztø
K| mßwea kg_ K¤§©-¯’vbtø (1) `k K…rø; (2) `k Aïf;
(3) `k Aby¯§„wZ; (4) Pvwi AcÖ‡gq; (5) GK msÁv; (6) GK
eë¯’vb; (7) Pvwi Aiƒc-a¨vb-¯Íi|
L| Qq PwiZtø (1) ivM-PwiZ; (2) †Øl-PwiZ; (3) †gvn-
PwiZ; (4) kª×v-PwiZ; (5) eyw×-PwiZ; (6) weZK©-PwiZ|
M| wÎwea fvebvtø (1) cwiK¤§©-fvebv; (2) DcPvi-fvebv;
(3) Ac©Yv-fvebv|
N| wÎwea wbwgËtø (1) cwiK¤§©-wbwgË; (2) D`&MÖn-wbwgË;
(3) cÖwZfvM-wbwgË|
Dnviv we¯Í…Z-fv‡e wK cÖKvi?
K| (1) `k K…røtø c„w_ex-K…rø, Avc-K…rø, †ZR-K…rø, evqy-K…rø,
bxj-K…rø, cxZ-K…rø, †jvwnZ-K…rø, Ae`vZ-K…rø, AvKvk-K…rø,
Av‡jvK-K…rø|
(2) `k Aïftø E×©-ùxZ, webxjK, c~h-c~Y©, wQ`ªx-K…Z,
weLvw`Z, wewÿß, KwË©K-wewÿß, i³v³, KxUc~Y©, Ges Aw¯’-
gvÎ-Aewkó ke|
(3) `k Aby¯§„wZtø ey×vby¯§„wZ, a¤§©vby¯§„wZ, m•Nvby¯§„wZ,
kxjvby¯§„wZ, Z¨vMvby¯§„wZ, †èZvby¯§„wZ, Dckgvby¯§„wZ,
giYvby¯§„wZ,KvqMZv-¯§„wZ, Avbvcvb-¯§„wZ|
(4) Pvwi AcÖ‡gqtø ˆgÎx, KiæYv, gyw`Zv, D‡cÿv1|

(5) GK msÁvtø fÿ¨ `ª‡eï N„YvKi cwiYwZ m¤^‡Ü ÁvbB
ÒGK-msÁvÓ|
(6) GK eë¯’vbtø †`n¯’ KwVb, Zij, Dò I evqexq GB-
Pvwi avZz m¤^‡Ü eë¯’vb (we‡kølY c~eŸ©K wm×všÍ) ÒGK
eë¯’vb-fvebvÓ|
(7) Pvwi Aiƒc-a¨vbtø AvKvkvbšÍvqZbvw` Pvwi Aiƒc-
a¨vb| GBiƒ‡c kg_-fvebvq PwjøkwU K¤§©-¯’vb|
3| mv‡¤úÖq wefvM ev wewfbœ K¤§©-¯’v‡bi Dc‡hvwMZv|
c~‡eŸ©v³ PwjøkwU K¤§©-¯’v‡bi g‡a¨ [1] `k Aïf I KvqMZv-
¯§„wZ bvgK †Kvôvsk fvebv ivM-Pwi‡Zi c‡ÿ wnZven fvebv|
[2] †Øl-Pwi‡Zi c‡ÿ bxjvw` Pvwi eY©-K…rø Ges Pvwi AcÖ‡gq;
[3] †gvn-PwiZ I weZK©-Pwi‡Zi c‡ÿ Avbvcvb-¯§„wZ; [4] kª×v-
Pwi‡Zi c‡ÿ ey×vby¯§„wZ BZ¨vw` Qq Aby¯§„wZ; [5] eyw×-Pwi‡Zi
c‡ÿ giY, Dckg, msÁv, eë¯’vbvw` AbyK‚j fvebv|
Aewkó K¤§©¯’vb mK‡ji c‡ÿ Dc‡hvMx| GZw™¢bœ K…rø-
gÐ‡ji wbeŸ©vP‡b c„_yj (¯’‚j) †gvn-Pwi‡Zi c‡ÿ Ges ÿz`ªvKvi
weZK©-Pwi‡Zi c‡ÿ Dc‡hvMx|
G ch©¨šÍ mv‡¤úÖq-wefvM|
4| fvebv-wefvM
GB mg¯Í (40wU) fvebv Øviv ÒcwiK¤§©-fvebvÓ jvf Kiv
hvq| ey×vby¯§„wZ nB‡Z giYvby¯§„wZ ch©¨šÍ Aó Aby¯§„wZ fvebvq,
1
ÒˆgÎxÓ 83 c„ôvq ÒA‡ØlÓ ˆPZwmK `ªóe¨| ÒKi“YvÓ 87 c„ôvq `ªóe¨|
Ògyw`ZvÓ 88 c„ôvq `ªóe¨| ÒD‡c¶vÓ 84 c„ôvq Ges ÒZÎga¨¯’ZvÓ ˆPZwmK
`ªóe¨|
Avnv‡i Aïf-msÁv I Pvwi avZz-eë¯’vb fvebvq ïay DcPvi

fvebv ch©¨šÍ wPË GKvMÖ nq| Bnv‡ì Øviv Ac©Yv jvf nq bv1|
Aewkó wÎskr K¤§©-¯’v‡b Ac©Yv-fvebvI jvf Kiv hvq|
cybt `k K…rø I Avbvcvb-¯§„wZ cÂ a¨vwbK| `k Aïf I
KvqMZv-¯§„wZ cÖ_g a¨vwbK2| ˆgÎx, KiæYv, gyw`Zv PZza©¨vwbK|
D‡cÿv cÂg a¨vwbK3| QvweŸkwU K¤§©-¯’vb iƒc‡jv‡Ki a¨vb
Drcbœ K‡i4| PvwiwU Aiƒc-K¤§©-¯’vb Aiƒc-‡jv‡Ki a¨vb Drcbœ
K‡i|
G ch©¨šÍ fvebv-wefvM|
5| wbwgË-wefvM
wÎwea wbwg‡Ëi g‡a¨ ÒcwiK¤§©-wbwgËÓ I D`&MÖn-wbwgËÓ
Avj¤^‡bi ¯^fvevbymv‡i meŸ© K¤§©-¯’vb fvebvi mgq jvf nq|
ÒcÖwZfvM-wbwgËÓ wKš‘ ïay `k K…rø, `k Aïf, KvqMZv-¯§„wZ I
Avbvcvb-¯§„wZ GB ØvweskwZ fvebvq jvf nq| KviY cÖwZfvM-
1
ey×, a¤§©, m•N, kxj, Z¨vM, †èZv, Dckgvw`‡Z ¸‡Yi MfxiZv †nZz Ges
bvbv cÖKvi ¸Y ¯§iY Kwi‡Z nq ewjqv wPË Ac©Yvi GKvMÖZv cÖvß nq bv|
giYvby¯§„wZ D‡ØM-¯^fve †nZz Ges msÁv I eë¯’vb Mfxi ¯^fve †nZz wPË
Ac©Yvi GKvMÖZvq cÖwZwôZ nq bv| wKš‘ wbeŸ©vYvj¤^b AwZ Mfxi ¯^fve nB‡jI,
†jv‡KvËi wP‡Ë, `„wó-weïw× †nZz, msgk©b-Ávb nB‡Z µ‡g µ‡g weïw×-fvebvi
Abye‡j Ac©YvKv‡i cÖwZwôZ nB‡Z m¶g nq|
2
`k-AïwP I KvqMZv¯§„wZ AZx‡Zi Ag‡bvig Avj¤^b ewjqv iwZ Drcv`‡b
`yeŸ©j; ZvB weZK© e¨ZxZ wPË H me Avj¤^‡b GKvMÖ nB‡Z cv‡i bv| GBRb¨
Bnviv weZK© mgwš^Z cÖ_g-a¨vwbK|
3
‰gÎx, Ki“Yv I gyw`Zv h_vµ‡g e¨vcv`, wewnsmv, I AiwZ weaŸsm Kwiqv
K`vP †mŠgbm¨-iwnZ nq bv| D‡c¶v D`vmxb-¯^fve ewjqv D‡c¶v-weiwnZ
a¨vb-wP‡Ë Drcbœ nq bv|
4
Pvwi Aiƒc-a¨vb I `k DcPvi-a¨vb e¨ZxZ evKx QvweŸkwU K¤§©-¯’vb
iƒc‡jv‡Ki a¨vbwPË Drcv`b Kwi‡Z cv‡i|
wbwgË‡K Avj¤^b KwiqvB DcPvi-mgvwa I Ac©Yv mgvwa Drcbœ

nq| Zvnv wKiƒ‡c?
KvgvePi a¨v‡bi wbwgËtø
Avw`-K¤§©x †hB c„w_ex-K…rø gÐjvw`‡Z `„wó I wPË Ave×
iv‡Lb, †mB Avj¤^b ÒcwiK¤§©-wbwgËÓ Ges †mB fvebv
ÒcwiK¤§©-fvebvÓ| hLb †hB wbwgË wPË Øviv mg¨K& M„nxZ nq
Ges Pÿz-`„‡ói b¨vq g‡bvØv‡i Dcw¯’Z nq, ZLb †mB
Avj¤^b‡K ÒD`&MÖn-wbwgËÓ ejv nq; Ges †mB (cwiK¤§©) fvebv
mycÖwZwôZ nq| whwb GBiƒ‡c mgvwnZ nBqv‡Qb Ges wKQy`~i
AMÖmi nBevi ci-cwiK¤§©-fvebv-jä GKvMÖZv Øviv D`&MÖn-
wbwgË-fvebvq wbR‡K wbhy³ iv‡Lb, Zuvnvi †mB wbwgË e¯‘-a¤§©
nB‡Z gy³ nBqv cÖwZfvMiƒ‡c, cÖÁwßiƒ‡c, fvebvgq
Avj¤^biƒ‡c Zuvnvi wP‡Ë cÖwZwôZ I mgwc©Z (cÖweó) nq|
GgZve¯’vq Zuvnvi ÒcÖwZfvM-wbwgËÓ mgyrcbœ nBqv‡Q ejv hvq|
†mB mgq nB‡Z (cÖwZfvM-wbwg‡Ëi DrcwËi ci nB‡Z)
bxeiY-nxb KvgvePi-mgvwa bvgK ÒDcvPvi-fvebvÓ wb®úvw`Z
ewjqv eywS‡Z nB‡e|
iƒcvePi a¨v‡bi wbwgËtø
Zrci whwb DcPvi-mgvwa Øviv †mB ÒcÖwZfvM-wbwgËÓ cybt
cybt fvebv (Av‡meb) K‡ib, Zuvnvi wbKU iƒc-‡jv‡Ki cÖ_g
a¨vb Ac©Yvi1 mwnZ Drcbœ nq| Zvici wZwb cÖ_g a¨v‡b (1)
wPË‡K cwiPvjbv Kwiqv, (2) Z_vq wbweó KivBqv I iÿv
1
Ac©Y k‡ãi ¯¿xwj½-Ac©Yv| wPË hLb wbR‡K m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c †a¨q Avj¤^‡b Ac©Yv
K‡i, A_©vr Avj¤^bgq nq Ges Ab¨ Avj¤^b wP‡Ë Dw`Z nq bv, ZLb wP‡Ëi
ÒAc©Yve¯’vÓ|
Kwiqv, (3) a¨vbvwaôvb-Kvj c~eŸ©-wb×©viY Kwiqv, (4) a¨vb

nB‡Z wb×©vwiZ Kvjv‡šÍ DwÌZ nBqv, (5) cybt cybt cÖZ¨‡eÿY
Kwi‡Z _v‡Kb| GB cÂ Af¨v‡m a¨vb‡K ekxf‚Z (AvqË)
Kwievi D‡Ïk¨,- †hb weZK©vw` ¯’‚j A½ cwiZ¨³ nq; Ges †hb
†Póv Øviv wePvivw` m~²-A½ Drcbœ nBqv h_vµ‡g I h_v‡hvM¨
fv‡e wØZxq a¨vbvwì Ac©Yv-cÖvwß N‡U|
GB cÖKv‡i c„w_ex-K…røvw` ØvweskwZ K¤§©-¯’v‡b ÒcÖwZfvM-
wbwgËÓ jvf Kiv hvB‡Z cv‡i| Aewkó Aóv`k K¤§©-¯’v‡bi
g‡a¨ ÒAcÖ‡gqÓ mË¡-cÖÁwß‡K wbf©i Kwiqv Drcbœ nq|
AiƒcvePi a¨v‡bi wbwgËtø
whwb AvKvk e¨ZxZ Ab¨ †Kvb K…rø nB‡Z wPË‡K D×vi
Kwiqv ÒAvKvk-AbšÍÓ, ÒAvKvk-AbšÍÓ Rwc‡Z Rwc‡Z
cwiK¤§©-fvebv K‡ib, Zuvnvi wbKU cÖ_g Aiƒc-a¨vb Ac©Yvi
mwnZ Drcbœ nq| whwb ÒweÁvb-AbšÍÓ, ÒweÁvb-AbšÍÓ Rwc‡Z
Rwc‡Z †mB Aiƒc-weÁvb‡K Avj¤^b Kwiqv cwiK¤§©-fvebv
K‡ib, Zuvnvi wbKU wØZxq Aiƒc-a¨vb Drcbœ nq| ÒAiƒc-
weÁvb we`¨gvb bvBÓ, ÒwKQyB we`¨gvb bvBÓ Rwcqv Rwcqv whwb
fvebv K‡ib, Zuvnvi wbKU Z…Zxq Aiƒc-a¨vb Drcbœ nq| whwb
ÒBnv kvšÍÓ, ÒBnv DËgÓ, Rwc‡Z Rwc‡Z Z…Zxq Aiƒc-a¨vb-
wPË‡K Avj¤^b Kwiqv cwiK¤§©-fvebv K‡ib, Zuvnvi wbKU PZz_©
Aiƒc-a¨vb Drcbœ nq|
Aewkó `k cÖKvi1 K¤§©-¯’v‡bi g‡a¨ ey×-¸Yvw`‡K Avj¤^b
Kwiqv hLb cwiK¤§©-fvebv Kiv nq Ges †mB wbwgË hLb
myM„nxZ nq, ZLbB cwiK¤§©-fvebv mycÖwZwôZ nq Ges DcPvi-
mgvwaI jvf nq|
1
cÖ_g Aó Aby¯§„wZ, GK msÁv, GK avZz-eë¯’vb|
6| AwfÁv
iƒcvePi-a¨vbB AwfÁvi wfwË| hw` †Kn †mB AwfÁv-
Drcv`K cÂg-a¨vb nB‡Z DwÌZ nb Ges Awaôvbvwì Rb¨
cwiK¤§© m¤úv`b K‡ib Z‡e AwfÁv-Drcv`K cÂg a¨vb,
iƒcvw` Avj¤^‡b, h‡_vchy³ fv‡e Drcbœ nq| AwfÁv Øviv GB
eySvq †h,
Òbvbv Fw×, wè¨-‡kªvÎ, ciwPË-Ávb,
c~‡eŸ©i wbevm-¯§„wZ, wè¨ Pÿz®§vbÓ|
G ch©¨šÍ †MvPi-wefvM|
kg_ K¤§©-¯’vb-bxwZ mgvß|
7| we`k©b K¤§©-¯’vb
1| mßwea weïw×-msMÖntø (1) kxj-weïw×; (2) wPË-
weïw×; (3) `„wó-weïw×; (4) K•ÿv-DËiY-weïw×; (5) gvM©vgvM©
Ávb-`k©b weïw×; (6) cÖwZc` Ávb-`k©b-weïw×; (7) Ávb-
`k©b-weïw×|
2| wÎ-jÿYtø (1) AwbZ¨-jÿY; (2) `ytL-jÿY; (3)
AbvÍ-jÿY|
3| wÎwea Aby`k©btø (1) AwbZ¨vby`k©b; (2) `ytLvby`k©b;
(3) AbvÍvby`k©b|
4| `kwea we`k©b-Ávbtø (1) msgk©b-Ávb; (2) D`q-
e¨q-Ávb; (3) f½-Ávb; (4) fq-Ávb; (5) Av`xbe-Ávb; (6)
wb‡eŸ©`-Ávb; (7) gy³x”Qv ev gygyÿv-Ávb; (8) cÖwZmsL¨v-
Ávb; (9) ms¯‹v‡iv‡cÿv-Ávb; (10) Aby‡jvg-Ávb|
5| wÎwea we‡gvÿtø (1) k~b¨Zv-we‡gvÿ; (2) AwbwgË-
we‡gvÿ; (3) AcÖwYwnZ-we‡gvÿ|
6| wÎwea we‡gvÿ-gyLtø (1) k~b¨Zvby`k©b; (2)

AwbwgËvby`k©b; (3) AcÖwYwnZvby`k©b|
Bnv‡ì we¯Í…Z eY©b wKiƒc?
8| weïw×-wefvM
1| cÖvwZ‡gvÿ-msei-kxj; Bw›`ªq-msei-kxj; AvRxe-
cwiï×-kxj; cÖZ¨q-mwbœwkªZ-kxj;| GB PZzweŸ©a cwiï×-kxjB
Òkxj-weïw×Ó|
2| DcPvi-mgvwa I Ac©Yv-mgvwa GB wØwea mgvwaB ÒwPË-
weïw×Ó|
3| jÿY, im, cÖZz¨c¯’vb [dj] c`-¯’vb [KviY Abymv‡i
Òbvg-iƒcÓ m¤^‡Ü Ávb msMVbB Ò`„wó weïw×Ó|
4| Òbvg-iƒcÓ m¤^‡Ü D³ cÖKv‡i Ávb-msMV‡bi ci
Df‡qi cÖZ¨q m¤^‡Ü ÁvbB ÒK•ÿv-DËiY weïw×Ó|
5| K•ÿv nB‡Z DËxY© nBevi ci fvebvKvix ¯‹Üvwì
we‡kølY wbqgvbyhvqx, Kjvc Abymv‡i Ges AZxZvw` wefvM
Abymv‡i wÎf‚wgi ms¯‹vi mg~n‡K [bvg-iƒc‡K] c~eŸ©-jä jÿY I
cÖZ¨q Abymv‡i †kªYx-fvM K‡ib| Ges ÿqkxj A‡_© ÒAwbZ¨Ó,
fq A‡_© Ò`ytLÓ I Amviv‡_© ÒAbvÍÓ eywSqv, Kvj Abymv‡i
msgk©b-Áv‡bi mwnZ jÿYÎq cybt cybt fvebv K‡ib| Zrci
wZwb cÖZ¨q Abymv‡i, ÿY Abymv‡i D`q-e¨q Áv‡bi cybt cybt
D`q-e¨q ch©¨‡eÿY K‡ib| GBiƒc fvebvKvixi wbKU Aefvm
[‡R¨vwZt], cÖxwZ, cÖkvwšÍ, Awa‡gvÿ [kª×v], cÖMÖn [exh©¨], myL,
Ávb, Dc¯’vb [¯§„wZ] D‡cÿv Ges wbKvwšÍ [m~² Z…òv] Drcbœ
nq| GB Aefvmvw`‡K we`k©‡bi KjylKvix eÜb eywS‡Z cvwiqv
gvM© I Agv‡M©i jÿY-wePv‡ii bvg ÒgvM©vgvM©-Ávb-`k©b-
weïw×Ó|
6| GB Dc‡K¬k-eÜb-wegy³ †hvMx ÒD`q-e¨qÓ Ávb nB‡Z

ÒAby‡jvgÓ Ávb ch©¨šÍ we`k©b ci¤úivi wÎjÿY Ávb-‡MvPi
K‡ib| GB ci¤úivi bq cÖKvi we`k©b-ÁvbB ÒcÖwZc` Ávb-
`k©b-weïw×Ó|
GBiƒ‡c DbœwZ-c‡_ AMÖmi nB‡Z nB‡Z hLb Zuvnvi we`k©b
cwic° nq, ZLb eywS‡Z cv‡ib ÒGLb Ac©Yv Drcbœ nB‡eÓ|
Zvnv‡Z fev½-‡mªvZ wQbœ nq Ges Òg‡bvØviveË©b-wPËÓ Drcbœ
nq| Z`bšÍi AwbZ¨vw` jÿY Avj¤^b Kwiqv cÖ_g Reb-wPË
ÒcwiK¤§©vKv‡iÓ, wØZxq Reb-wPË ÒDcPvivKv‡iÓ Ges Z…Zxq
Reb-wPË ÒAby‡jvgvKv‡iÓ Drcbœ nq| hLb Òms¯‹v‡iv‡cÿv-
ÁvbÓ wkLv-cÖvß nq, ZLb Dnv †jv‡KvËi gvM© jv‡fi Dchy³
nq Ges ÒAby‡jvgÓ bv‡g AwfwnZ nq; Bnv‡K ÒDÌvbMvgx-
we`k©bIÓ ejv nq| Zrci PZz_© Reb-wPË wbeŸ©vY-Avj¤^b MÖnY
K‡i| GgZve¯’vq wPË c„_M&Rb-‡MvÎ Awffeb Kwiqv Avh©¨-
‡Mv‡Î Drcbœ nBqv‡Q ejv hvq| GRb¨ GB PZz_© Reb Ò†MvÎf‚-
wPËÓ|
Zvnvi Awe‡”Q‡`B gvM©-wPË Ò`ytL-mZ¨Ó cwiÁvZ nBqv,
Òmgy`q-mZ¨Ó cwiZ¨vM Kwiqv, Òwb‡iva-mZ¨Ó cÖZ¨ÿ Kwiqv,
ÒgvM©-mZ¨Ó (†PZbv) Drcv`b Kwiqv Ac©Yv-exw_‡Z AeZiY
K‡i| Zrci `yB ev wZb wPË-ÿY e¨vwcqv dj-wPË Drcbœ nq I
fev‡½ cwZZ nq| cybt fev½ wQbœ nq I cÖZ¨‡eÿY-wPË
ci¤úiv Drcbœ nq|
9| ¯§viK-Mv_vt- gvM© Avi dj mn wbeŸ©vY-iZb;

cybt cybt K‡i _v‡K cwÐZ CÿY|
Z¨³ †K¬‡k, Aewk‡ó †Kn wbiLq;
KvnviI ev †mB B”Qv bvwn DcRq|
µ‡g µ‡g MwVZe¨ QqwU weïw×|
K‡n PZzg©v‡M© ÒÁvb-`k©b-weïw×Ó|
10| we‡gvÿ-wefvMtø
GB we`k©b fvebvq AbvÍvby`k©b (AbvÍ-Ávb) AvÍv m¤^Üxq
e×g~j aviYv we`~wiZ Kwiqv Òk~b¨Zv-we‡gv‡ÿiÓ (†jv‡KvËi
gv‡M©i I d‡ji) cÖ‡ek-Øvi nq| AwbZ¨vby`k©b (AwbZ¨-Ávb)
wech©¨vm‡K (msÁv-wPË-`„wó-RwbZ-åvwšÍ‡K) we`~wiZ Kwiqv
ÒAwbwgË-we‡gv‡ÿiÓ cÖ‡ek-Øvi nq| `ytLvby`k©b (`ytL-Ávb)
Z…òv bvgK cÖwYwa we`~wiZ Kwiqv ÒAcÖwYwnZ-we‡gv‡ÿiÓ
cÖ‡ek-Øvi nq| myZivs ÒDÌvbMvgx-we`k©bÓ hLb ms¯‹vi‡K
AbvÍfv‡e wePvi K‡i, ZLb gv‡M©i Òk~b¨Zv-we‡gvÿÓ; hLb
AwbZ¨fv‡e wePvi K‡i, ZLb ÒAwbwgË-we‡gvÿÓ; hLb
`ytLvKv‡i wePvi K‡i, ZLb ÒAcÖwYwnZ-we‡gvÿÓ bvg cÖvß nq|
†mBRb¨ we`k©b DrcwËi Dcvq Abymv‡i gvM© wÎwea bv‡g
AwfwnZ nq| Z`ªƒc djI, gvM©-exw_i m‡½, gvM©-Áv‡bvrcwËi
Dcvq Abymv‡i wÎwea bvg cÖvß nq|
dj mgvcwË-exw_‡Z Dc‡iv³ weavb Abymv‡i we`k©b
fvebvKvix‡ì h_vh_ fv‡e ¯^ ¯^ d‡jvrcwË nB‡j, we`k©b
DrcwËi Dcvqvbymv‡i †mB dj‡K Ôk~b¨Zv-we‡gvÿÕ BZ¨vw` ejv
nq| Z_vwc mK‡ji GKB (wbeŸ©vY) Avj¤^b I GKB ¯^fv‡ei
Rb¨, GB bvgÎq, meŸ©Î (gvM© I d‡j) I mK‡ji (gvM©¯’ dj¯’
cy˜M‡ji) cÖwZ mgfv‡e cÖ‡hvR¨|
G ch©¨šÍ we‡gvÿ-wefvM|
11| cy˜Mj-wefvM
c~eŸ© ewY©Z gv‡M© I d‡j whwb †mªvZvcwË-gvM© fvebv
Kwiqv‡Qb Ges wg_¨v`„wó I wewPwKrmv aŸsm Kwiqv Acv‡q Rb¥-
MÖnY †iva Kwiqv‡Qb Zuvnv‡K Òmß-K…Z-cig-‡mªvZvcbœÓ ejv
nq| whwb mK…`vMvgx-gvM© fvebv Kwiqv †jvf-‡Øl-‡gvn‡K ¯^í
cwiwgZ Kwiqv‡Qb, Zuvnv‡K ÒmK…`vMvgxÓ ejv nq| KviY wZwb
GKevi gvÎ GB Kvg-‡jv‡K Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| whwb AbvMvgx-
gvM© fvebv Kwiqv KvgivM I e¨vcv` m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c aŸsm
Kwiqv‡Qb, Zuvnv‡K ÒAbvMvgxÓ ejv nq, KviY wZwb GB †jv‡K
Avi AvMgb K‡ib bv| An©r-gvM© fvebv Kwiqv whwb
wbt‡kwlZiƒ‡c †K¬k mg~n aŸsm Kwiqv‡Qb wZwb ÒAn©rÓ,
ÿxYvme Ges †jv‡K `vbvn©M‡Yi g‡a¨ AMÖMY¨|
G ch©¨šÍ cy˜Mj-wefvM|
12| mgvcwË-wefvM
dj¯’ Avh©¨-cy˜Mj PZzó‡qi dj-mgvcwË-exw_ ¯^ ¯^ jä
djvbymv‡i GKB cÖKvi| wKš‘ wb‡iva-mgvcwË‡Z c~Y©
cÖ‡ekvwaKvi ïay AbvMvgx I An©‡ZivB jvf Kwi‡Z cv‡ib| GB
wb‡iva-mgvcwË exw_‡Z AbvMvgx ev An©r cÖ_g a¨vbvw` gn˜MZ-
mgvcwË jvf K‡ib| Ges cÖ‡Z¨K a¨vb nB‡Z DwÌZ nBqv, †mB
a¨v‡bi mwnZ RwoZ ms¯‹vi-a¤§©‡K (wÎ-jÿYvbymv‡i) we`k©b
K‡ib| GBiƒc ch©¨vqµ‡g a¨vb-cÖYvjx Aej¤^b Kwiqv
ÒAvwKÂbvqZbÓ ch©¨šÍ a¨vb K‡ib; Zrci Awaôvbvw` c~eŸ©K…Z¨
m¤úv`b c~eŸ©K ÒˆbemsÁvbvmsÁvqZbÓ cÖvß nb| GB a¨v‡b
`yB Ac©Yv-Reb Drcbœ nBevi ci wPË-cÖevn iæ× nq| Z‡×Zz
Zuvnv‡K Òwb‡iva-mgvcbœÓ ejv nq|
a¨vb nB‡Z DwÌZ nBevi mgq AbvMvgx nB‡j AbvMvgx-

dj-wPË GKevi, An©r nB‡j An©r-dj-wPË GKevi Drcbœ
nBqv fev‡½ cwZZ nq| Zrci ¯^ ¯^ dj m¤^‡Ü cÖZ¨‡eÿY-
Ávb Drcbœ nq|
G ch©¨šÍ mgvcwË-wefvM
we`k©b K¤§©-¯’vb-bxwZ mgvß
13| ¯§viK-Mv_vt- G †kªô fvebvØq fvwe‡e hZ‡b,
a¨vb-jä-imv¯^v` Bw”Q‡j kvm‡b|
G ch©¨šÍ Awfa¤§©v_©-msMÖ‡n K¤§©-¯’vb-msMÖn wefvM
bvgK beg cwi‡”Q`|
mgvß|
K¤§©-¯’vb msMÖ‡ni ms‡ÿcv_©
c~‡eŸ©v³ AvU cwi‡”Q‡` Òbvg-iƒ‡ciÓ cv_©K¨, we‡kølY I
cÖZ¨vqvw` cÖ`k©‡bi ci GB beg cwi‡”Q‡` †mB bvg-iƒ‡ci
cÖwZ †h Abykqvw` m~²-Z…òv we`¨gvb, Zvnvi †Q`bv_© kg_ I
we`k©b-fvebv h_vµ‡g cÖ`wk©Z nB‡Z‡Q|
wP‡Ëi bxeiYvw` ¯’‚j AKzkj-e„wËi kvšÍ, Ae¯’vi bvg
Òkg_Ó| Bnv wP‡Ëi GKvMÖZv-cÖm~Z; GB Ae¯’vi Drcv`b I
e×©‡bi bvg Òkg_-fvebvÓ ev mgvwa fvebv| bvg-iƒc‡K,-mgMÖ
ms¯‹vi-a¤§©‡K,- weweavKv‡i A_©vr AwbZ¨-`ytL-AbvÍvKv‡i `k©bB
we`k©b| Bnv Òbvg-iƒcÓ m¤^‡Ü mgvwnZ wP‡Ëi ˆbe©¨w³K fv‡e
hyw³-m½Z we‡kølY-g~jK-Ávb| GB Áv‡bi Drcv`b I e×©‡bi
bvg Òwe`k©b-fvebvÓ|
Òh`v Ø‡hmy a‡¤§my cviM~ †nvwZ eªvþ‡Yv,

A_m&m m‡eŸ ms‡hvMv AÌs M”QwšÍ Rvb‡ZvÓ|
at ct 384
ÒhLb eªvþY wPË-mshg ev kg_ Ges we`k©b-fvebv, GB
`yB wel‡q `ÿZv-jvf K‡ib, ZLb H Ávbxi mg¯Í Òms‡hvRbÓ
wQbœ nBqv hvqÓ| ey‡×i Aby‡gvw`Z GB fvebv, mgvwa, a¨vb
†Kvb cÖKvi ¸ß-we`¨v (Occult-Practice) b‡n; Ges K…”Q«
mvabI b‡n| Bnv ga¨c_; Avh©¨ Avóvw½K gv‡M©i Aóg A½|
Òmshy³-wbKv‡qÓ ey× ewj‡Z‡Qb,øÒwfÿzMY, mgvwa Af¨vm
Ki| mgvwn‡Ziv h_v_© ¯^fve wVK& wVK& eywS‡Z cv‡ib| wK
eywS‡Z cv‡ib? iƒ‡ci DrcwË mg¨K&iƒ‡c eywS‡Z cv‡ib, webvk
mg¨K&iƒ‡c eywS‡Z cv‡ib| †mB cÖKvi †e`bv, msÁv, ms¯‹vi I
weÁvb,øcÖ‡Z¨‡Ki DrcwË mg¨K&iƒ‡c eywS‡Z cv‡ib, cÖ‡Z¨KwUi
webvkI mg¨K& cÖKv‡i eywS‡Z cv‡ibÓ| Òga¨g-wbKv‡qi 149
Zg m~‡Î ewj‡Z‡QbÓ c‡Âvcv`vb ¯‹Ü (`ytL-mZ¨) AwfÁv Øviv
cwiÁvZ nB‡Z nB‡e| Awe`¨v Ges Z…òv (mgy`q-mZ¨)
AwfÁv-Øviv cwiZ¨vM Kwi‡Z nB‡e| kg_ I we`k©b (gvM©-
mZ¨) AwfÁv-Øviv MVb Kwi‡Z nB‡e Ges wbeŸ©vY (wb‡iva-
mZ¨) AwfÁv-Øviv cÖZ¨ÿ Kwi‡Z nB‡e|
kg_tø kg_-fvebvi Rb¨ PwjøkwU K¤§©-¯’v‡bi D‡jøL
Av‡Q| Zb¥‡a¨ wbeŸ©vwPZ Avj¤^b‡K 35-36 c„ôvq D‡jøwLZ
wbq‡g fvebv Kwi‡Z nq| AvPvh©¨ ey×-‡Nv‡li Òweïw×-gv‡M©Ó
GB K¤§©-¯’v‡bi cÖ‡Z¨KwU m¤^‡Ü we¯Í…Z Av‡jvPbv Av‡Q|
c„w_ex K…rø-fvebvi Avj¤^b Kwl©Z f‚wg-LÐ ev Z`y‡Ï‡k¨
cÖ¯‘Z †MvjvKvi g„wËKv-LÐ| Dnv‡K wKQy `~i nB‡Z wbixÿY
Kwi‡Z Kwi‡Z, Òc„w_exÓ Òc„w_exÓ Rwcqv fvebv Kwi‡Z nq|
Avc-K…rø cy®‹wiYx, n«`, mgy‡`ªi ev cvÎ-w¯’Z-Rj| H R‡j `„wó
I wPË Ave× Kwiqv ÒAvcÓ ev ÒRjÓ Rwc‡Z Rwc‡Z fvebv
Kwi‡Z nq| †mBiƒc †ZR-K…rø `xc-wkLv, ebvwMœ ev Ab¨ †Kvb
AwMœ-wkLv| evqy-K…rø evqy-mÂvwjZ e„ÿ-kvLv ev Z`ªƒc Ab¨ †Kvb

e¯‘| bxj, cxZ, jvj I †k¦Z e‡Y©i cy®ú, e¯¿-LÐvw` Pvwi eY©-
K…rø| evZvqb ev cÖvPx‡ii wQ`ª-c‡_ AvMZ Av‡jvK Av‡jvK-K…rø
Ges H mmxg AvKvk ev wQ`ªB AvKvk-K…rø|
`k-Aïf (AïwP) fvebvi D‡Ïk¨ †`n-‡kvfv I Kvg-Q‡›ì
cÖwZ weiwZ-Drcv`b Kwiqv wP‡Ëi GKvMÖZv m¤úv`b I kvšÍfve
Avbqb| GB fvebvi Avj¤^b cÖK…Z ev KvíwbK (c~eŸ©-`„ó) cPv
ke, cï-cÿx Øviv Lvw`Z, wQ`ªxK…Z ke, KxU-c~Y© ke, BZ¯ÍZt
wewÿß A½-cÖZ¨½, Aw¯’cyÄ| ùxZ ke‡`n nB‡Z Aw¯’-‡kl
nIqv ch©¨šÍ `kwea Ae¯’vc‡bœi †Kvb GK Ae¯’vcbœ‡K Avj¤^b
Kwiqv fvebv Kwi‡Z nq| `kwea nB‡jI Bnv‡ì GKwU gvÎ
jÿY ÒAïwPZvÓ|
Aby¯§„wZ A_© cybt cybt ¯§iY Kiv| cÖ_g AvU Aby¯§„wZ-
fvebvi Avj¤^b ¸Yvejx| GB ¸Yvejxi Zvrch©¨ ü`q½g Kwiqv
GKvMÖwP‡Ë Aby¯§iY Kwi‡Z _vwK‡j kª×vi DrcwË nq| kª×v
nB‡Z wPË-kvwšÍ; kvšÍ-wPËB mgvwa jvf K‡i|
ey×vby¯§„wZi Avj¤^b ey‡×i bq cÖKvi ¸Y; h_vtø (1) An©Z;
(2) mg¨K& m¤^y×; (3) we`¨v-PiY-m¤úbœ; (4) myMZ; (5)
†jvKwe`; (6) AbyËi; `gb-‡hvM¨ cyiæ‡li mviw_; (7) †è-
gby‡lï kv¯Ív; (8) ey×; (9) fMevb| ey×vby¯§„wZ Rxe‡bi
Av`‡k© kª×v Rb¥vq|
a¤§©vby¯§„wZi Avj¤^b a‡¤§©i Qq cÖKvi ¸Y| h_vtø fMev‡bi
a¤§© (1) mye¨vL¨vZ; (2) mv›`„wóK; (3) Kvj-wbi‡cÿ; (4)
AvnŸvb-Kvix; (5) cwiPvjbKvix; (6) ÁvbxM‡Yi wb‡R wb‡R
ÁvZe¨| a¤§©vby¯§„wZ Rxeb-inm¨ D‡™¢` Kwiqv Rxe‡b gi‡Y AvÍ-
wbf©ikxj K‡i I wbeŸ©v‡Y cwiPvjb K‡i|
m•Nvby¯§„wZi Avj¤^b †jv‡KvËi-m‡•Ni bq cÖKvi ¸Ytø

fMev‡bi kªveK-m•N (1) mycÖwZcbœ; (2) FRy cÖwZcbœ; (3)
b¨vq-cÖwZcbœ; (4) mgxwP-cÖwZcbœ; (5) AvnŸvb-‡hvM¨; (6)
mrKvi-‡hvM¨; (7) `vbvn©; (8) AÄwj-e× cÖYvg-‡hvM¨ (9)
†jv‡K AbyËi cyY¨-‡ÿÎ| m•Nvby¯§„wZ eªþ-P‡h©¨ DrmvwnZ K‡i|
kxjvby¯§„wZi Avj¤^b wbR wbR kxj-¸Y| h_v, ÒAvgvi kxj-
mg~n ALÐ; Aw”Q`ª; Akej (`vM-nxb); AKj¥vl (wb‡Ï©vl);
fzwRl¨ (Z…òvaxb b‡n); weÁ-cÖkswmZ; wg_¨v-`„wó-gy³; mgvwa-
cÖeË©KÓ| kxjvby¯§„wZ kxj-cvjb‡K mnR-mva¨ I Avb›`gq
K‡i|
Z¨vMvby¯§„wZi Avj¤^b wbR wbR `vb Kv‡h©ï ¸Yvejxtø ÒBnv
ev¯ÍweK Avgvi c‡ÿ gnvjvf †h, gvrmh©¨-gj Øviv Awff‚Z GB
gbyl¨M‡Yi g‡a¨, Avwg gvrm‡h©¨-nxb wP‡Ë evm Kwi‡ZwQ|
D`vi, weï×-n¯Í, `vb-Kv‡h©¨ Avb›` wPË, hvP‡Ki AwaMg¨,
`vb-Kv‡h©¨ Ab¨‡K Askx Kwi‡Z Avbw›`ZÓ| Z¨vMvby¯§„wZ Øviv
wbe„wË-RwbZ ÒAvb›`Ó jvf nq|
†èZvby¯§„wZi Avj¤^bI wb‡Ri kª×v, kxj, cÖÁvw`| Kvg,
iƒc I Aiƒc-‡jv‡Ki †èZvMY‡K mvwÿ-c‡` ¯’vcb c~eŸ©K
wb‡Ri kª×vw` ¸Y cybt cybt ¯§iY Kwi‡Z nq| Ò†èZvivI
Avgvi b¨vq gbyl¨ wQ‡jb| kª×vw` ¸‡Y †è-Rb¥ jvf
Kwiqv‡Qb| Avgvi wbKUI Z`ªƒc kª×v,kxj, cÖÁv, kv¯¿Ávb,
Z¨vM we`¨gvb Av‡QÓ| A‡b¨vb¨ Aby¯§„wZ fvebvi b¨vq
†èZvby¯§„wZ fvebvi mgqI wPË ivM-‡Øl-‡gvn Øviv AvµvšÍ nq
bv| webxeiY nBqv wPË ÒDcPvi-mgvwaÓ cÖvß nq| Ges a¤§©-
Rxeb hvc‡b mvnm I Drmvn R‡b¥|
Dckgvby¯§„wZi Avj¤^b wbeŸ©v‡Yi kvwšÍ| g‡b Kwi‡Z nB‡e
ÒAvwgB kvwšÍ, kvwšÍ‡Z cwi‡ewóZ, Dc‡i kvwšÍ, cv‡k kvwšÍ,
m¤§y‡L, kvwšÍ Af¨šÍ‡i kvwšÍ, Avwg kvwšÍ‡Z wbgMœÓ| wbR‡K

ˆbe©¨wËK fv‡e (`c©Y¯’ Qwei g‡Zv ev P›`ª, m~‡h©ï g‡Zv) c_
Pwj‡Z, Dc‡ek‡b, `Ðvqgv‡b, RbZvi g‡a¨ kvwšÍi g~wË©iƒ‡c
gbð‡ÿ †`wL‡Z nq| weivM-RwbZ, Z…òvÿq RwbZ kvwšÍ‡KB
Avj¤^b Kwi‡Z nq|
giYvby¯§„wZ-fvebvKvix‡K ÒgiY nB‡eÓ, ÒRxwe‡Zw›`ª‡qi
Dc‡”Q` nB‡eÓ, A_ev ÒgiYÓ ÒgiYÓ Rcbv Kwiqv Ávb-eyw×
mnKv‡i fvebv Kwi‡Z nq; bZzev †kvK-`ytL Drcbœ nB‡Z
cv‡i| giYvby¯§„wZ meŸ©-cvc-K‡¤§© weiwZ I cyY¨-K‡¤§© Drmvn
Drcbœ K‡i Ges axi-wP‡Ë giY-ei‡Yi ÿgZv Rb¥vq|
KvqMZv-¯§„wZi Avj¤^b †Kk, †jvg, bL, `šÍ, Z¡K| gvsm,
øvqy, Aw¯’, Aw¯’-g¾v, g~Îvkq| ürwcÐ, hK…Z, †K¬vg, cøxnv,
dzm&dzm&| e„n`š¿x, ÿy`ªvš¿x, cvKvkq, Kixl, gMR| wcË, ‡kø®§v,
c~l, i³, †¯^`, †g`| Akªæ, PweŸ©, jvjv, wm•NvYK, MÖwš’-‰Zj,
g~Î| `k-Aïf fvebvq g„Z‡`‡ni ÒAïwPZvÓ m¤^‡Ü ms¯‹vi-
MVb| KvqMZv-¯§„wZ-fvebvq RxweZ †`‡ni AïwPZv m¤^‡Ü
ms¯‹vi-MVb ˆ`wnK AïwPZv-Ávb a¤§©-Rxeb hvc‡bi I MV‡bi
Ag~j¨ mnvq|
ÒAvbvcvbÓ=Avb+Acvb; A_©vr wbk¦vm I cÖkv¦ m| k¦vm-
cÖk¦vm‡K Aej¤^b Kwiqv wPË-w¯’i Kivi bvg ÒAvbvcvb-¯§„wZ-
fvebvÓ| Bnv nV-‡hvM ev cÖvYvqg b‡n| ga¨g-wbKv‡qi 118
Zg m~Î `ªóe¨| GB fvebvq Ò¯§„wZ-cÖ¯’vbÓ I Òmß-‡eva¨½Ó
fvebv c~Y©Zv jvf K‡i|
PeŸ©¨, Pzl¨, †jn¨, †cq meŸ©wea Avnvh©¨ meŸ©
Ae¯’vqøcwi‡fvM Kv‡j, A×©RxY©ve¯’vq, RxY©ve¯’vq,
cwiYZve¯’vq, †`‡ni DcKi‡Y cwiYZ nB‡jI N„Ybxq| GBiƒc
ms¯‹vi msMVbB ÒAvnv‡i cÖwZK‚j-msÁvÓ ev GK msÁv-
fvebv| Bnv Øviv im-Z…òv nB‡Z wPË gy³ _v‡K Ges iƒc-
¯‹‡Üi ¯îƒc AeMZ nIqv hvq|
ÒGK eë¯’vbÓ, ÒPvwi avZz eë¯’vbÓ, ÔavZz-gbwmKviÕ,
ÒavZz K¤§© ¯’vbÓ BZ¨vw` wewfbœ bv‡g AwfwnZ nB‡jI Bnviv
Kvh©¨Zt GKB K¤§©-¯’vb| ÒGB Kvqv mPj ev wbðj †hB Ae¯’vq
_vKzK bv †Kb Bnv‡K ÒavZzÓ (wbR¯^-¯^fve) Abymv‡i
cÖZ¨‡eÿY Kwi‡Z nq †h, †Kkvw` KzwowU KwVb wRwbl; wcË
cÖf…wZ eviwU Zij wRwbl; wbk¦vm-cÖk¦vm, †KvôvwkªZ evqy cÖf…wZ
evqexq c`v_©; Ges DËvc;øGB PZzweŸ©a ÒavZzÓ wfbœ Ab¨ wKQy
†`‡n bvB| gbð‡ÿ †`n‡K GBiƒc Pvwi avZz‡Z wefvM Kwiqv
cÖZ¨‡eÿYB ÒavZzi AvKv‡i Kvqvi wePviÓ| †Mv-NvZK †hgb
nZ-‡Mv‡K LÐ LÐ Kwiqv (weµqv_©) ¯Í‚‡c ¯Í‚‡c ivwL‡j, Dnv‡K
†Kn Miæ g‡b K‡ibv, gvsmB g‡b K‡i, †Zgwb wbR †`n‡K
Kíbvi P‡ÿ avZz Abymv‡i wefvM Kwiqv wbixÿY Kwi‡Z cvwi‡j
ÒAvwgÓ aviYv we‡jvc cvq| iƒc-¯‹‡Üi AbvÍv-Ávb µ‡g bvg-
¯‹‡Üi AbvÍ-Áv‡b cwiPvwjZ K‡i|
Pvwi AcÖ‡gq-fvebvi g‡a¨ Rx‡ei wnZ-myL Kvgbv ÒˆgÎxÓ|
Bnvi Avj¤^b mË¡| ci-`ytL Ac‡bv`‡b”Qv ÒKiæYvÓ; Bnvi
Avj¤^b c‡ii `ytL; Amnvq Ae¯’v| c‡ii myL-m¤ú` Aby‡gv`b
Ògyw`ZvÓ| c‡ii myL-m¤ú`B gyw`Zvi Avj¤^b| wP‡Ëi Ajxb I
Aby×Z Ae¯’v ÒD‡cÿvÓ| jxb I D×Z Ae¯’vi gaëË©x Ae¯’vq
ZÎga¨¯’Zv ev D‡cÿv| C`„kx Ae¯’vi myMVbB D‡cÿv-fvebv|
Bnv jvfvjvf, wb›`v-cÖksmv, myL-`ytLvw` †jvK-a‡¤§© wP‡Ëi
AKw¤úZ fve| Pvwi AcÖ‡gq-fvebvi Ab¨ bvg Òeªþ-wenviÓ ev
†kªô Rxeb-hvcb| AvPvh©¨ ey×-‡Nv‡li Dcgvbymv‡i Rbbxi
c‡ÿ wkï cy‡Îi †hŠeb-Kvgbv ÒˆgÎxÓ| iæMœ-mšÍv‡bi Av‡ivM¨-
Kvgbv ÒKiæYvÓ| hyeK cy‡Îi †hŠebve¯’vi wPiw¯’wZ-Kvgbv
Ògyw`ZvÓ| AvÍ-wbf©iÿg Dchy³ cy‡Îi Rb¨ wbiæw×MœZv

ÒD‡cÿvÓ| K¤§©-¯^KxqZv-ÁvbB wP‡Ëi ÒD‡cÿvÓ Drcv`K|
we`k©b-K¤§©-¯’vb
1| kxj-weïw×tø m×©‡gi jÿ¨ ÒwbeŸ©vYÓ jvf Kwi‡Z
nB‡j, meŸ©v‡`Š Kvq I evK&-msh‡gi A_©vr kxj-cvj‡bi ga¨-
w`qv Rxeb‡K wbqwš¿Z Kwi‡Z nq| KviY kxjB cweÎ-Rxe‡bi
wfwË| GB DbœwZ-gyLx Rxeb b~¨bK‡í cÂkx‡j Avi¤¢| c‡i
µ‡g Aókxj, `k-kxjvw` cvjb Kwi‡Z nq| kxj-cvjb hLb
n¯Ívw` mÂvj‡bi b¨vq Af¨¯Í I mnR-mva¨ nBqv c‡o, ZLb
wPË µ‡g cweÎ, mij I kw³kvjx nB‡Z _v‡K Ges `wi`ª-
Rxeb-hvc‡b j¾v ev m‡¼vP-‡eva nq bv; eis wejvm-Rxe‡b
GKUv weZ…òv R‡b¥| cv‡Q AjmZv, Møvwb BZ¨vw` Dcw¯’Z nq,
Z¾b¨ wZwb †fvR‡bI wgZvPvix nb| GBiƒc Abvo¤î I
cweÎ-Rxeb hvcb Kwi‡Z Kwi‡Z, Zvnvi dj-¯îƒc, Zuvnvi
wP‡Ë GB fve RvMÖZ nqt-ÒM„nxi Rxeb weNœ-eûj, iRtc_|
cÖeªwRZ-Rxeb Db¥y³ AvKv‡ki b¨vq; kvwšÍ-D™¢vwmZÓ| wZwb
evwn¨K fv‡e cÖeªwRZ nDb, ev bv nDb, Zuvnvi wPË cÖewª RZ
nq| Ges m‡½ m‡½ PvwiwU cÖavb I D”PZi kxj I cvjb
Kwi‡Z _v‡Kb| webq-wcU‡Ki AšÍM©Z ÒcÖvwZ‡gvÿÓ MÖ‡š’
`yðwiZvw`-mseiY I wkóvPvivw` cvjb m¤^‡Ü †h me weavb
wjwce× Av‡Q, Z`byhvqx ¯^fve MVb K‡ib| Bnv ÒcÖvwZ‡gvÿ-
msei-kxjÓ|
Pÿvw` Bw›`ªq-c‡_ iƒcvwì ms‡hv‡M †h me Z…òv Drcbœ
nBqv _v‡K †m me Z…òvi D™¢‡ei AeKvk cÖ`vb K‡ib bv|
cÖgv`-e‡k Dw`ª³ nB‡jI Zvnv ZrÿYvr `gb K‡ib Ges
e‡jbtø
ÒG wPË åwgZ c~‡eŸ© Nywiqv, Nywiqv,

B”Qv I Kvgbv g‡Zv myL A‡š^wlqv|
A¼z‡k gvûZ `‡g cÖgË eviY,
Ávbv¼z‡k wP‡Ë AvR `wge †ZgbÓ| at ct 326
Bnv ÒBw›`ªq-msei-kxjÓ|
wZwb RxweKv-AvniY I Ggb fv‡e Kwi‡Z _v‡Kb, †hb
ZvnvI Rxe‡bi AMÖMwZi mnvq nq Ges †Kvbiƒc KcUZv-
Qjbvi AšÍiv‡j Bnv m¤úvw`Z bv nq| cÿvšÍ‡i GB AvniY
†hb A‡í”Qv I mš‘wói, ˆgÎx I KiæYvi AbyK‚j nq| Bnv
ÒAvRxe-cwiï× kxjÓ|
Ggb wK †mB cwiï× AvRxe-jä Acwinvh©¨ `ªe¨vwì
eënvi, GB cÖMwZkxj Rxe‡bi mwnZ mvgÄm¨ ivwLqv Kwi‡Z
_v‡Kb| Bnv ÒcÖZ¨q-mwbœwkªZ-kxjÓ| wfÿzi c‡ÿ cwi‡aq
Pxei, Avnvh©¨, Avevm-¯’vb I Jla,ø GB PZzweŸ©a e¯‘ †fŠwZK
†`n‡K Kvh©¨ÿg ivwLevi Acwinvh©¨ cÖZ¨q ev KviY ewjqv
Bnvw`M‡K ÒcÖZ¨qÓ ejv nBqv‡Q|
Dc‡iv³ kxj PZzóqB Òkxj-weïw×Ó| GB kxj-weïw×i
Avek¨KZv †NvlYv Kwi‡Z hvBqv fMevb ey× ewjqv‡Qbtø
ÒcÖvÁ wfÿz Avw`-K¤§© Bw›`ªq-`gb,
m‡šÍvl I cÖvwZ‡gvÿ-kxj AvPiY,
ï×-Rxwe, Abjm, Kj¨vY-AvKv•ÿx
wg‡Îi msmM© Z‡i n‡e AwfjvlxÓ| at ct- 375
2| wPË-weïw×tø GBiƒ‡c kx‡j mycÖwZwôZ nBqv wbeŸ©vY-
hvÎx D”PZi Abykxj‡b,ømgvwa-fvebvq AvÍ-wb‡qvM K‡ib|
kxj-mgvwai Acwinvh©¨ cÖv_wgK Ae¯’v| Dc‡i D‡jøwLZ
PwjøkwU K¤§©-¯’vb nB‡Z, †ivMvbyhvqx †fl‡Ri eë¯’vi b¨vq,
PwiZvbyhvqx Bnv wbeŸ©vPb Kwi‡Z nq| GB wbeŸ©vwPZ K¤§©-¯’vb‡K
ÒcwiK¤§©-wbwgËÓ ejv nq| GBiƒc ÒD`&MnÖ -wbwgËÓ I

ÒcÖwZfvM-wbwgËÓ m¤^‡Ü Av‡jvPbv Abyev‡` wek`| we‡klZt
iƒc-wP‡ËvrcwËi eY©bvqI G m¤^‡Ü Av‡jvwPZ nBqv‡Q|
cÖwZfvM-wbwgË Aej¤^‡b wPË hLb mgvwa¯’ nq, ZLb wP‡Ëi
ÒDcPvi mgvwaÓ| Ges ZØviv hLb ÒbxeiYÓ mvgwqK fv‡e
wbe„Ë _v‡K, ZLb wP‡Ë ÒcÖxwZiÓ mÂvi nq; Ges GB cÖxwZ-
i‡mi Ab¨vb¨ a¨vbv½I kw³kvjx nBqv Drcbœ nq| Bnv
ÒAc©Yv-mgvwaÓ ev c~Y© mgvwa| GB DcPviI Ac©Yv mgvwai
cÖfv‡e wP‡Ëi bxeiY-nxb cÖxwZgq Ae¯’vi bvg ÒwPË-weïw×Ó|
PÂj wPË‡K GKevi mgvwnZ Kwi‡Z mÿg nB‡j hvÎx ¯^xq
kxj-wfwË iÿv c~eŸ©K ïay †cŠbt cywbK Af¨v‡m D”PZi a¨vb-
mg~n jvf Kwi‡Z cv‡ib; Ggb wK iƒcvePi cÂg-a¨vbR
cÂwea AwfÁv,- ‡jvKxq-Fw× AvqË Kwi‡Z cv‡ib| wKš‘
Ac©Yv-mgvwa ev †jvKxq-Fw× An©ZË¡-cÖvwßi c‡ÿ Acwinvh©¨
b‡n| Ac©Yv-mgvwa jvfv_© †Póv e¨ZxZ, †mvRv we`k©b-fvebv
Kwi‡Z Kwi‡Z DcPv‡ii GKvMÖZv Øviv Avme-ÿq Kiv hvq|
C`„k ÿxYvme‡K Òï®‹-we`k©KÓ ejv nq| KviY wZwb we`k©b-
Áv‡b Z…òv ï®‹ Kwiqv _v‡Kb| kg_-a¨vb jvf Kwi‡jI
Abyk‡qi wbie‡kl aŸs‡mi Rb¨ we`k©b-Ávb Avek¨K| kg_-
a¨vb †jŠwKq Ges wP‡Ëi GKvMÖZv cÖm~Z| Bnv wPË‡K mvgwqK
fv‡e webxeiY Kwiqv kvšÍ iv‡L; wKš‘ ÒAbykqÓ aŸsm Kwi‡Z
cv‡i bv| kg_-kvwmZ wP‡Ëi Abykq-aŸsm-KË©v GKgvÎ
we`k©b-Ávb,øAwbZ¨-`ytL-AbvÍ-Ávb| kxj Avgv‡ì evK¨ I
Kvh©¨‡K myc‡_ cwiPvwjZ K‡i; Òe¨wZµg-Ae¯’vÓ wbeviY
K‡i| mgvwa-fvebv †jŠwKq myL-kvwšÍ `vb K‡i; †K¬k mg~n
mshZ ivwLqv wPË‡K kw³kvjx K‡i, Z_v cÖÁv-jv‡fi Dc‡hvMx
K‡i| BnvB kg_-fvebvi êwkó¨| wKš‘ Bnv m×©‡gi êwkó¨
b‡n| Avovi Kvjvg I ivg-cyÎ iæ`ªK kg‡_i AwaKvix wQ‡jb|

m×©‡gi wewkóZvi m~Pbv Ò`„wó-weïw×‡ZÓ| myZivs wbeŸ©vY-hvÎx
h_vf‚Z cÖÁv-jvfv_© weï×-wP‡Ë Ò`„wó-weïw×iÓ Rb¨ g‡bv‡hvMx
nb|
3| `„wó-weïw×tø Ò`„wóÓ wK? cÂ¯‹‡Ü ÒAvwgÓ ev ÒAvÍvÓ
aviYvB wg_¨v`„wó ev AvÍ-ev`| wZwb mgvwnZ wP‡Ë Òbvg-iƒc‡KÓ
cixÿv K‡ib; c~eŸ© c~eŸ© cwi‡”Q‡` ewY©Z ixwZ Abyhvqx
cy•Lvbycy•Liƒ‡c we‡kølY g~jK cixÿvi ci wZwb bvg-¯‹Ü‡K
†e`bv, msÁv, cÂvk cÖKvi ms¯‹vi I 81 cÖKvi †jvKxq
weÁvb-¯‹‡Ü Ges iƒc-¯‹Ü‡K 28 cÖKvi iƒ‡c wefvM Kwiqv
Zvnv‡ì jÿY, im, DrcwËi KviY I cwiYvg-dj Abymv‡i
wePvi K‡ib| wePvi Kwiqv wm×všÍ K‡ib †h, bvg iƒc b‡n,
iƒcI bvg b‡n; Dfq m¤ú~Y© wfbœ| m~h©¨-iwk¥ I Rj-KwYKvi
we‡klvKvi mswgkª‡Y †hgb B›`ª-aby Drcbœ nq, †Zgwb ÒbvgÓ I
Òiƒ‡ciÓ mswgkª‡Y ÒAvwgÓi DrcwË| LÄ I A‡Üi cvi¯úwiK
mvnv‡h¨ c`-Pjvi b¨vq, GB ÒbvgÓ I ÒiƒcÓ ci¯ú‡ii
mvnv‡h¨ ÒAvwgÓ m„Rb Kwiqv Pwjqv‡Q| †KvbwU GKÎ‡hv‡M ev
c„_K&fv‡e ÒAvwgÓ, ÒAvÍvÓ, ÒmË¡Ó, Òcy`&MjÓ, Ò†èÓ ev ÒeªþvÓ
b‡n| Df‡qi ci¯úi m‡¤§j‡bi KviY Zvnv‡ì g‡a¨B
iwnqv‡Q| Bnv ms¯‹vi ev ÒK¤§©Ó| bvg I iƒ‡ci g‡a¨ Z…Zxq
cÿ bvB| bvg-iƒcB ms¯‹vi, ms¯‹viB bvg-iƒc| GB cÖKvi
wePvi Kwiqv Òbvg-iƒc‡KÓ AbvÍ-fv‡e Dcjwä KivB Ò`„wó-
weïw×Ó|
4| K•ÿv-DËiY-weïw×t- Òbvg-iƒcÓ m¤^‡Ü C`„k weï×-
Ávb jvf Kwievi ci wZwb Òbvg-iƒ‡ciÓ cÖZ¨q ev KviY wbY©‡q
g‡bv‡hvMx nb (8g cwi‡”Q` `ªóe¨)| wZwb eywS‡Z †Póv K‡ib
†h, †jvKxq mewKQy, wZwb wb‡RI KviY-m¤¢‚Z| GB eË©gvb
Òbvg-iƒcÓ AZxZ †nZzi dj| AZx‡Zi ÒAwe`¨v-Z…òv-

Dcv`vbÓ Rbbxi b¨vq, ÒK¤§©Ó Rb‡Ki b¨vq Ges ÒAvnviÓ
avÎxi b¨vq GKÎ‡hv‡M KvR Kiv‡Z eË©gvb Òbvg-iƒ‡ciÓ
DrcwË| Ges eË©gv‡bi GB cÂ ‡nZz Øviv fvex Òbvg-iƒcÓ
Drcbœ nB‡e| ÒcÖZxZ¨-mgyrcv`-bxwZÓ I ÒcÖ¯’vb-bxwZÓ m¤^‡Ü
Ávbv¾©b Kwiqv wZwb bvg-iƒ‡ci f‚Z-fwel¨Z-eË©gvb m¤^‡Ü
hveZxq (16 cÖKvi) mskq1 Ac‡bv`b K‡ib| GBiƒc cÖZ¨q-
Áv‡b ˆÎKvwjK mskq nB‡Z DË©x‡Y©i bvg ÒK•ÿv-DËiY-
weïw×Ó|
5| gvM©vgvM©-Ávb-`k©b-weïw×tø Ôbvg-iƒcÕ m¤^‡Ü
ˆÎKvwjK mskq-wegyw³ RwbZ weï×-Ávb jvf Kwievi ci wZwb
wb‡æv³ ch©¨vqvbymv‡i `k cÖKvi we`k©b-Ávb fvebv Kwi‡Z
_v‡Kbt- wZwb bvg-iƒ‡ci-jÿYÎq-AwbZ¨Zv-`ytLgqZv AbvÍZv-
‡jvKxq Áv‡b cybt cybt fvebv K‡ib Ges eywS‡Z cv‡ib †h,
bvg-iƒc-ÿq-¯^fve I wecwiYvg-a¤§©x; myZivs ÒAwbZ¨Ó|
AwbZ¨-a¤§©x ewjqv ÒnvivB nvivB, m`v fq cvBÓ, ZvB Bnv
fqven Ges fq¼i; GRb¨ Ò`ytLÓ| Òbvg-iƒcÓ cÖZ¨q-mgyrcbœ,
¯^vej¤^b-nxb, Avnvi-mv‡cÿ; myZivs Amvi, myZivs ÒAbvÍÓ|
GB wbq‡g Òbvg-iƒ‡ciÓ GB wZb cÖKvi cÖavb jÿY fvebv
Kwi‡Z Kwi‡Z †h Ávb R‡b¥, Zvnv (1) Òmsgk©b-ÁvbÓ2|
1
Avwg wK AZx‡Z wQjvg? bv wQjvg bv? wK wQjvg? wKiƒc wQjvg? wKiƒc Ae¯’v
nB‡Z wKiƒc Ae¯’vq cwiewË©Z nBqvwQjvg? Avwg fwel¨‡Z _vwKe? bv _vwKe
bv? wK nBe? wKiƒc nBe? wKiƒc Ae¯’v nB‡Z wKiƒc Ae¯’vq cwiewË©Z nBe?
Avwg wK eË©gv‡b AvwQ? bvB? wK nBqv AvwQ? wKiƒc AvwQ? †Kv_v nB‡Z
AvwQqvwQ? †Kv_vq hvBe?
2
g„k& avZz wb®úbœ GB Òmsgk©bÓ k‡ãi A_© Òhyw³-c~Y© gš¿Yv ev wPš—vÓ| myZivs
myZivs Òmsgk©b-ÁvbÓ= hyw³-c~Y© wPš—v-RvZ-Ávb|
GB wÎjÿ‡Y Ávb cyó nB‡j, wZwb †`wL‡Z cvb †h, Òbvg-

iƒcÓ GKwU DrcwËkxj I wejqkxj cÖevn| †nZzi DrcwË‡Z
Bnvi DrcwË, †nZzi wb‡iv‡a Bnvi wb‡iva| Bnv (2) ÒD`q-
e¨q-ÁvbÓ msgk©b-Áv‡bi mwnZ ÒD`q-e¨qÓ fvebv1 Kwi‡Z
Kwi‡Z, Ae‡k‡l, Ggb GKw`b Dcw¯’Z nq, hLb wZwb mwe¯§q
†b‡Î †`wL‡Z cvb †h, ¯^xq †`n nB‡Z GK Ò†R¨vwZtÓ we”QywiZ
nB‡Z‡Q; GK Af‚Z-c~eŸ© ÒcÖxwZÓ GK Abv¯^vw`Z-c~eŸ© ÒmyLÓ
I †`n-g‡bi cÖkvšÍ-fve Abyf‚Z nB‡Z‡Q| Zuvnvi Òkª×vÓ
MfxiZi I ÒK¤§©-kw³Ó cÖejZi nBqv‡Q| Zuvnvi Ò¯§„wZÓ
wb¤§©jZi I ÒAšÍÏ„©wóÓ AmvaviY Zxeª; Ges we`k©b-mnRvZv
ÒD‡cÿvÓ Drcbœ nBqv‡Q| wZwb GB Af‚Z-c~eŸ© Ae¯’v‡K,
we‡klZt ˆ`wnK †R¨vwZt‡K An©‡Zi Ae¯’v ewjqv fzj K‡ib
Ges GB Ae¯’vi AvKv•ÿx Rb| c‡i (nqZt ¸iæi Dc‡`‡k)
eywS‡Z cv‡ib †h, GB AvKv•ÿv, GB wbKvwšÍ (m~²-Z…òv)
gnvÁv‡bi cÖwZeÜK,øwe`k©‡bi Dc‡K¬k| GBiƒ‡c wZwb ÒgvM©Ó
I ÒAgvM©Ó wb×©vi‡Yi kw³i Abykxjb K‡ib| BnvB ÒgvM©vgvM©-
Ávb-`k©b-weïw×Ó|
6| cÖwZc`-Ávb-`k©b-weïw×tø cÖK…Z gvM©- wb×©vi‡Yi ci,
wZwb D³ `k Dc‡K¬k-wegy³ wP‡Ë cybt †mB cÖK…Z gvM©-
Ávbvbyhvqx bvg-iƒ‡ci (2) ÒD`q-e¨qÓ fvebv Kwi‡Z _v‡Kb|
Zvnv‡Z GB Ávb ZxÿèZi nq Ges ÒD`qÓ A‡cÿv Òe¨qÓ ev
Òf½BÓ Zuvnvi wbKU ¯úóZi nq| wZwb Zuvnvi mgMÖ ¯§„wZ GB
Òbvg-iƒ‡ciÓ ÿY-f½yiZvq wbhy³ iv‡Lb I ZØviv (3) Òf½-
ÁvbÓ fvebv (MVb) Kwi‡Z _v‡Kb AwbZ¨-Áv‡bi civKvôv GB
f½-Ávb| Òf‡½v bvg Awb”PZvq cig †KvwUÓ| wZwb eywS‡Z
1
Bnv Dc‡K¬k-hy³ wP‡Ëi ÒD`q-e¨qÓ fvebv
cv‡ib †h Òbvg-iƒcÓ hvnv ÒAvwgÓ m„Rb Kwiqv Av‡Q, Zvnv

GKwU N„Y©veË© ¯îƒc; †Kvb `yB gyn~Ë© GK _v‡Kbv| Rxe‡bi
Geswea Ae¯’v eywS‡Z cvwiqv Zuvnvi AšÍ‡i Bnvi fq¼iZv
m¤^‡Ü Áv‡b mÂvi nq Ges wZwb Zvnv Dcjwä Kwi‡Z cv‡ib|
mg¯Í wek¦ Zuvnvi wbKU †hb cÖ¾¡wjZ AwMœ-KzÐ! Kvg-‡jvK, iƒc-
‡jvK, Aiƒc-‡jvK GK GKwU gnvwec‡ì Drm! Bnv (4) Òfq-
ÁvbÓ| BnvB Ò`ytL-m‡Z¨Ó Ávb-jvf|
wÎf‚wg, cÂ¯‹Ü, Øv`kvqZb, Aóv`k-avZz cÖf…wZ AšÍR©MZ
I ewnR©MZ‡K GBiƒc fq¼i I Avkªq-nxb eywS‡Z cvwiqv wZwb
†`‡Lb †h, Bnviv cÖ‡Z¨KwU †Kgb `xb, meŸ©‡Zvfv‡e
ˆ`b¨fvevcbœ, bxim| C`„k Ávb (5) ÒAv`xbe-ÁvbÓ|
GB Av`xbe-Áv‡bv`q-‡nZz wZwb wÎ‡jv‡Ki Avi wKQy‡ZB
Avb›`vbyfe Kwi‡Z cv‡ib bv; mg¯ÍB Av¯^v`-nxb, bxim|
GBiƒ‡c mg¯Í ms¯‹v‡i wb‡eŸ©` ev wbivb›` Drcbœ nq Bnv (6)
Òwb‡eŸ©`-ÁvbÓ|
ms¯‹vi m¤^‡Ü GB wb‡eŸ©`-Ávb Øviv wÎ‡jv‡Ki ms¯‹v‡ii
cÖfve nB‡Z Zuvnvi gyw³i B”Qv Drcbœ nq| Bnv (7) gy³x”Qv ev
Ògygyÿv-ÁvbÓ|
GB gygyÿv-Ávb Zuvnv‡K gwy³i Dcvq-D™¢ve‡b cwiPvwjZ
K‡i Ges wmw×i Dcvq ¯îƒc cybivq ms¯‹v‡ii (cÖZ¨‡qvrc‡bœi)
wÎ-jÿY-AwbZ¨, `ytL, AbvÍ-fvebv K‡ib| Bnv (8)
ÒcÖwZmsL¨v-ÁvbÓ|
GB ÒcÖwZmsL¨v-ÁvbÓ Zuvnv‡K wÎ-jÿY-fvebv Øviv †nZzR
ms¯‹v‡ii cÖwZ D‡cÿK nB‡Z Dc‡`k †`q| Z`vbymv‡i wZwb,
cwiZ¨³ fvh©¨vi cÖwZ ¯^vgxi D`vmxbZvi b¨vq, meŸ©-ms¯‹v‡ii-
D`vmxb nb| Bnv (9) Òms¯‹v‡iv‡cÿv-ÁvbÓ| ms¯‹v‡iv‡cÿv
Áv‡bv`‡q ms¯‹v‡ii cÖwZ Avi AbyivM-weivM _vwK‡Z cv‡i bv|
†jvKxq jvfvjv‡f myL-`yt‡L, wb›`v-cÖksmv wZwb APÂj

_v‡Kb,øBnv ZÎga¨¯’Zv-D‡cÿv| wZwb GB Áv‡bi mycÖwZôv
Øviv wbR‡K †jv‡KvËi-Áv‡bi Dc‡hvMx K‡ib| wP‡Ëi GB
gv‡M©vc‡hvMx I gvM©vbyKzj Ae¯’vB (10) ÒAby‡jvg-ÁvbÓ| GB
Ávb †jvKxq we`k©‡b Pigve¯’v| ÒD`q-e¨qÓ nB‡Z ÒAby‡jvgÓ
ch©¨šÍ bewea we`k©b-Áv‡bi mgwóMZ bvg ÒcÖwZc`-Ávb-
`k©b-weïw×Ó A_©vr wÎ-jÿY-Ávb-MV‡bi (fvebvi) c‡_
ci¤úivMZ bewea Ávb-`k©‡bi weï×Zv ev wg_¨v-`„wói-
nxbZv| ms¯‹v‡iv‡cÿv-Ávb I cÖwZ‡jvg-Áv‡bi mvaviY bvg
ÒDÌvbMvgx-we`k©bÓ KviY Bnv mywbwð‡Z gv‡M© DbœwgZ K‡i|
DÌvb A_© gvM©; c„_M&Rb‡K †jvKxq ms¯‹vi nB‡Z D×vi K‡i
ewjqvB gvM©i GK bvg ÒDÌvbÓ| Bnv‡K Òwe‡gvÿ-gyLIÓ ejv
nq| KviY Avi GKÿY c‡iB A_©vr †MvÎf‚-ÿ‡Yi ciB gvM©-
jvf nq|
we‡gvÿ-gyL wÎwea bv‡g AwfwnZ nq| we`k©b hLb
ÒAwbZ¨-fvebvÓ Kwi‡Z Kwi‡Z msÁvR åvwšÍ, wPËR åvwšÍ,
wg_¨v`„wóR åvwšÍ (wech©¨vm) (hvnv Awb‡Z¨ wbZ¨ aviYv Rb¥vq
Zvnv) nB‡Z wPË‡K gy³ K‡ib, ZLb GB fvebv ÒAwbwgË-
we‡gvÿ-gyLÓ bv‡g AwfwnZ nq| Z`ªƒc hLb Ò`ytL-fvebvÓ Øviv
wPË‡K ms¯‹vi-a‡¤§©i cÖwZ exZZ…ò Kwiqv †Zv‡jb, ZLb GB
fvebvi bvg ÒAcÖwYwnZ-we‡gvÿ-gyLÓ| Ges ÒAbvÍ-fvebvÓ Øviv
wPË‡K AvÍv-aviYv nB‡Z gy³ Kwi‡j, GB fvebv Òk~b¨Zv-
we‡gvÿ-gyLÓ bvg cÖvß nq †mBiƒc gvM©, dj Ges wbeŸ©vYI GB
wÎwea jÿY-fvebvbymv‡i wÎwea bvg cÖvß nq|
ÒcÖwZc` Ávb-`k©b-weïw×Ó GZ`~i AvqË Kwievi ci wÎ-
jÿ‡Yi g‡a¨ †m jÿYwU Zuvnvi wbKU AwZkq Kvh©¨Kvix †eva
nq, †mB jÿYwU wZwb A‡nvivÎ fvebv Kwi‡Z _v‡Kb| GKvMÖ
I ¯§„wZkxj wP‡Ë myk„•Ljvi mwnZ GB mg¨K& e¨vqvg Kwi‡Z

Kwi‡Z, hLb GB jÿY-Ávb Zuvnvi wè‡m wPšÍv I ivwÎi ¯^‡cœ
cwiYZ nq, ZLb GKw`b, AK¯§vr, AÜKv‡i we`y¨wØKv‡ki
b¨vq, Zuvnvi wbKU GKwU wbeŸ©v‡Yi kvwšÍ-‡R¨vwZi cÖ_g weKvk
nq| Zrci wbæ ch©¨vq mß Reb-wPË Drcbœ nqtø
6u44744u8
f b ` g K Pv by †Mv gv d d f
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
cÖ_g Reb cwiK¤§©, 2q Reb DcPvi, 3q Aby‡jvg, 4_©
†MvÎf‚, 5g gvM©, 6ô I 7g Reb dj-wPË| a¤§©-MÖ‡š’i
Dcgvbymv‡i cÖ_g wZb Reb-wPËÿY †hb wZb Svc&Uv evZvm,
wbeŸ©vYiƒcx P›`ª‡K Av”QbœKvix ¯’‚j-ga¨-m~²-†K¬k-‡gN‡K
AcmvwiZ K‡i| PZz_© †MvÎf‚-wPËÿY cÖK…Z P›`ª-`k©b| cÖ_g
wZb Re‡bi Avj¤^b jÿY-Ávb mn ms¯‹vi-a¤§©; Bnv cwifvlv
ÒmZ¨vby-‡jvwgK-ÁvbÓ A_©vr mZ¨-MVbKvix Ávb; Bnv Pvwi
mZ¨-Av”QbœKvix Awe`¨v‡K we`~iY K‡i| †MvÎf‚-wPË †jvKxq
Avj¤^b cwiZ¨vM Kwiqv wbeŸ©vYvj¤^‡b MÖnY K‡i, †K¬k `~ixf‚Z
Kwi‡Z cv‡i bv| Zrci †jv‡KvËi gvM©-wPËÿY; GB gvM©-Reb-
ÿ‡Y Ò`ytL-mZ¨Ó AwZkq ¯úóxf‚Z nq; mrKvq`„wó, wewPwKrmv
I kxjeªZ-civgk© wemw¾©Z nq; wbeŸ©v‡Yi Dcjwä nq; Ges
Avóvw½K gvM© AbykxwjZ nq| Zrci `yB dj wPËÿY Drcbœ
nBqv fev½-cvZ nq| BnvB †mªvZvc‡bœiÓ wP‡ËvrcwË|
7| Ávb-`k©b-weïw×tø mK…`vMvgx, AbvMvgx Ges An©‡Zi
wPËI GB wbq‡g Drcbœ nq| Z‡e Zvnv‡ì †MvÎf‚-Reb †ev`vb
A_©vr weï×Zv cÖvß nq; GB gvÎ cv_©K¨| 45-47 c„ôv `ªóe¨|
Òkxj-weïw×Ó nB‡Z ÒcÖwZc` Ávb-`k©b-weïw×Ó ch©¨šÍ Qq
weïw× Øviv †jv‡KvËi gvM© jvf nq| GB Pvwi gv‡M©i mgwóMZ
bvg ÒÁvb-`k©b-weïw×Ó| Bnv mßg weïw× Ges ÒgvM©-ÁvbÓ

bv‡gI AwfwnZ nq|
we`k©‡Ki cÖ_g wbeŸ©vY-`k©b Zuvnv‡K Ò†mªvZvc‡bœÓ DØy×
K‡i| GB Ae¯’vq `k ms‡hvR‡bi g‡a¨ mrKvq-`„wó, kxjeªZ-
civgk© I wewPwKrmv wQbœ nq| wbeŸ©v‡Yi Dcjwä †nZz wZwb
bexf‚Z exh©¨-cÖ‡qv‡M mg_© nb Ges †evwacÿxq a¤§©vbykxj‡b
`ªæZ‡e‡M DbœwZ jvf K‡ib| Kvg-ivM I e¨vcv‡ì `yeŸ©jZv
m¤úv`‡b wZwb ÒmK…`vMvgxÓ Ges Zvnv‡ì aŸs‡m ÒAbvMvgxÓ
nb| Zrci iƒc-ivM, Aiƒc-ivM, gvb J×Z¨ I Awe`¨vi
wbie‡kl aŸsm-mva‡b ÒAn©ZÓ nb| ZLb eywS‡Z cv‡ib Zuvnvi
KiYxq m¤úvw`Z, `yt‡Li †evSv wbwÿß, Z…òv weï®‹, wbeŸ©v‡Yi
c_ ch©Üb cwimgvß|
cÖZ¨‡eÿY-exw_t- cÖ_g wZb gv‡M©i D‡Øvab cÂ wel‡q
cÖZ¨‡eÿY Øviv msmvwaZ nq| (1) gvM©-jvf; (2) dj-
Dc‡fvM; (3) wbeŸ©v‡Yi Dcjwä; (4) we`~wiZ †K¬k cÖZ¨‡eÿY;
(5) we`~wiZe¨ †K¬k cÖZ¨‡eÿY| wKš‘ AinZ¡-gv‡M© ïay cÖ_g
PvwiwUB cÖZ¨‡eÿYxq| KviY GB Ae¯’v, mgMÖ †K¬‡ki
aŸsmve¯’v; Bnv‡Z we`~wiZe¨ †K¬k _v‡K bv| GB cÖZ¨‡eÿY GB
cÖYvjx‡Z m¤úvw`Z nqtø
fev‡½vc‡”Q‡ì ci g‡bvØviveË©b wPË Drcbœ nq Ges
Z`bšÍi Reb-¯’v‡b wPË mß wPËÿY RweZ nBqv fev‡½ cwZZ
nq| AinZ¡ wfbœ Ab¨ wZb gv‡M©i wPË Aó gnvKzk‡ji Ávb-
m¤úÖhy³ 1g, 2q, 5g ev 6ô wPË; Ges An©‡Zi H H wµqv-
wPË| wKš‘ hLb we`~wiZ †K¬k I we`~wiZe¨ †K¬k cÖZ¨‡eÿY Kiv
nq, ZLb wbæ¯’ gvM©Î‡qi wPË gnvKzkj wP‡Ëi †h †Kvb GKwU
Ges An©‡Zi H wµqv-wP‡Ëi †h †Kvb GKwU-Reb-¯’v‡b Drcbœ
nq|
dj-mgvcwËtø cÖ‡Z¨K Avh©¨-cy˜Mj, Zuvnvi D”PZi gvM©

jv‡fi c~‡eŸ©, cÖvß gv‡M©i d‡jvc‡fvM Kwi‡Z Kwi‡Z Kvjhvcb
K‡ib| GBiƒc AwbwÏ©ó `xN©Kvj e¨vwcqv d‡jvc‡fv‡Mi bvg
Òdj-mgvcwËÓ| mgvcwË A_© gnvcÖvwß| GB a¨vb-mgvcwË-
exw_I mweZK©, mwePvi a¨vb-exw_i Abyiƒc| ïay cv_©K¨ GB †h,
mgvcwË-exw_‡Z a¨v‡bi ¯’vwqZ¡ Kvj B”Qvbymv‡i `xN© Kiv hvq|
GBiƒc `xN© Kwievi kw³ ÒwbwgË-wefv‡MÓ D‡jøwLZ Af¨v‡m
AvqË Kwi‡Z nq|
wb‡iva-mgvcwËtø †hB AbvMvgx ev An©Z iƒcvePi I
AiƒcvePi a¨v‡b Af¨¯Í, wZwb hw` dj-mgvcwË‡Z wbeŸ©vY ïay
Dcjwä Kwiqv ÿvšÍ bv nb Ges hw` Zuvnvi †mB Rxe‡b jä-
wbeŸ©vY Dc‡fv‡M D”QyK nb, Z‡e wZwb wb‡iva-mgvcwË-a¨v‡b
gMœ nb| meŸ© cÖ_g wZwb iƒcvePi cÖ_g a¨v‡b wbgw¾Z nb|
†mB a¨vb nB‡Z DwÌZ nBqv †mB a¨vb-wP‡Ëi wÎ-jÿY c~eŸ©
ewY©Z `k cÖKvi we`k©b-Ávbvbymv‡i fvebv K‡ib| Zrci µ‡g
wØZxq, Z…Zxq, PZz_© Ges Aiƒ‡ci AvwKÂbvqZb-a¨vb-wPË
ch©¨šÍ `k we`k©b-Ávbvbymv‡i fvebv K‡ib| AvwKÂbvqZb
nB‡Z RvMÖZ nBqv `k we`k©b-fvebv bv Kwiqv, Pvwi Awaôvb
fvebv K‡ib| (1) Avek¨Kxq `ªe¨vw` †hb Rj, KxU ev †Pvi
Øviv ev Ab¨ †Kvb cÖKv‡i webó bv nq| (2) †hb wZwb a¨vb
nB‡Z h_vKv‡j RvMÖZ nb| (3) ey‡×i AvnŸv‡bi mgq †hb
wZwb a¨vb-f½ Kwi‡Z cv‡ib| Ges (8) cieË©x mvZ w`‡bi
g‡a¨ Zuvnvi ¯^vfvweK g„Zz¨ nB‡e wKbv Zvnv †hb wZwb Rvwb‡Z
cv‡ib| Zrci wZwb PZz_© Aiƒc-a¨v‡b cybt wbgMœ nb| ZrciB
hveZxq wPË-wµqv wbiæ× nq| wb‡iva-mgvcwË nB‡Z RvMÖZ
nBevi Kv‡j, ¯^ ¯^, gv‡M©i dj-Reb-wPË GK wPËÿ‡Yi Rb¨
wbeŸ©vYvj¤^b MÖnY c~eŸ©K RweZ nBqv fev‡½ cwZZ nq| dj-
mgvcwË I wb‡iva-mgvcwË‡Z cv_©K¨ GB †h, c~eŸ©ve¯’vq wbeŸ©vY

Dcjä nq; cieË©x Ae¯’vq wbeŸ©vY KZK cwigv‡Y Dc‡fvM
Kiv nq| Ges Zuvnv‡K †Kvb kvixwiK †e`bv AvµgY Kwi‡Z
cv‡i bv| Zrci cÖZ¨‡eÿY-Ávb Drcbœ nq| GB Áv‡bv`q
Kv‡j AbvMvgxi cÖ_g ev wØZxq gnvKzkj-wPË Ges An©‡Zi H
gnvwµqv-wPË RweZ nq| Zrci wP‡Ëi fev½-cvZ|
wb‡iva-mgvcwË-a¨v‡b gMœ nBevi Kv‡j cÖ_g evK&-wµqv,
Zrci Kvq-wµqv, Zrci wPË-wµqv iƒ× nq| A_©vr cÖ_g
weZK©-wePvi, Zrci wbk¦vm-cÖk¦vm, Zrci msÁv-‡e`bv wbiæ×
nq| Ges GB a¨vb nB‡Z DwÌZ nBevi Kv‡j, cÖ_g wPË-
ms¯‹vi, Zrci Kvq-ms¯‹vi, meŸ©‡k‡l evK&-ms¯‹vi ev weZK©-
wePvi Drcbœ nq|
G ch©¨šÍ Awfa¤§©v_©-msMÖ‡n K¤§©¯’vb cwi‡”Q‡ì
ms‡ÿcv_© eY©b mgvß|

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Awfa¤§©v_©-msMÖn 1

kªx- ex‡i›`ªjvj gyrmywÏ

ZvwiLt- 22†k Ryb 2001 Bs‡iRx|

cvwjfvlvq weiwPZ cwifvlv-RvZxq Awfa¤§© MÖš’mg~‡ni g‡a¨

f‚wgKvq ÒAwfa¤§Ì-m½nÓ Ges cvwj ÒAwfa‡¤§©iÓ AwZ wek`

KwiqvwQ‡jb| ¯^‡`‡k wdwiqv Avmvi ciI wZwb Zuvnvi `xN© K¤§©-

wPË| cÂg cwi‡”Q‡`i bvg-exw_-gy³ wPË-msMÖn; Bnvi

Ges Dchy³ cÖÁwß ev cwifvlv Øviv †Áq Ges wP‡šÍq welq

myLB wbeŸ©vY| Awfa‡¤§©B D×…Z Dw³Ø‡qi g‡bvweÁvb-m¤§Z

AvMš‘K-‡`v‡lB Zvnv cÖ`yó nqÓ| AvMš‘K-‡`vl nB‡Z‡Q Avme

mwnZ weRwoZ nq, c‡Âvcv`vb-¯‹‡Üi MÐx‡Z wePiY K‡i,

cÂ bxeiY‡K wbi¯Í Kwi‡Z nq, Zvnv Kwievi Dcvq a¨v‡bi cÂ

wewPwKrmv-ms‡hvRb cwinv‡ii Dcvq fvebv,-kg_ I we`k©b|

ZvnvI KwVb KvR ewjqv †jv‡K e‡j| wKš‘ mg¨K& m¤^y×

Dnvi wZ³Zv ev wgóZv Abyfe Kwi‡Z cvwi bv †Kb? (wgwj›`-

w`qv Rxe A_ev Ro-RM‡Zi mwnZ wP‡Ëi m¤^Ü ¯’vwcZ nq|

Aiƒc-‡jv‡K Pvwi ¯Íi Ges †jv‡KvËi As‡k Aó ¯Íi Kíbv Kiv

ch©¨šÍ wPË¸wj †jŠwKK, †h‡nZz Dnviv fevwfgyLx, fevej¤^x,

f‚wg‡Z cÖ‡Z¨K Avj¤^b m¤ú‡K© Pvwi A_ev cÂ a¨vb-wP‡Ëi

Av‡jvPbv Av‡Q| wKš‘ ¯^cœ I myhywß m¤^‡Ü †Kvb D‡jøL `„ó nq

weeiY)| A_ev PvwiwU cÖavb wefvM ewjqvI aiv hvB‡Z cv‡it-

Zvnv‡`i bvbv †kªYx, †MvÎf‚, ˆkÿ¨, A‰kÿ¨ Ges c„_M&Rb

Bnvi Zvrch¨© GB †h,Ò`ytL-mZ¨Ó RvwZ (genus); Ges myL,

†`e‡jvK-eªþ‡jv‡Ki AvKl©Y Av‡Q, wbeŸ©v‡Yi mymgvPvi Av‡Q|

c~iY, AvKv‡ki bÿÎ-MwZ BZ¨vw` AeMZ nIqv A‡cÿv wK

æThe higher understanding may indeed be said

ÒAwfa‡¤§©i Av‡jvPbv GK AdzišÍ e¨vcvi| ev¯ÍweK BnvB

ÒigYxhs, Avey‡mv †gvM&Mjøvb, †Mvwm½-mvjebs, †`vwmbv iwË,

ÒBavey‡mv mvwicyË,-‡Ø wfK&Ly Awfa¤§-K_s K‡_wšÍ, †Z

mf¨ZvI m„wó KwiqvwQj| cÖ‡Z¨K gvb‡ei G‡nb Awfa‡¤§©i

Ave× ivwLqv‡Q| wKš‘ Zuvnvi ¸Y-MÖvwnZv ev•gqx nBqv Avgv‡K

cwi‡k‡l cvVKM‡Yi AbygZ¨vbymv‡i, AvPvh©¨ ey×‡Nv‡li

PZzweŸ©a K¤§© 142

Òb‡gv Zm&m fMe‡Zv Ain‡Zv m¤§vm¤^y×m&mÓ

cigv_©vKv‡i †m Awfa‡¤§© e¨³,

(K) gnvKzkj wPËt-

22| D‡cÿv-mnMZ Ávb-m¤cÖhy³ mmvs¯‹vwiK wPË|

9| myL, GKvMÖZv mwnZ PZz_© a¨vb wecK wPË|

PZzwe©a AiƒcvePi wµqv wPËt-

¯§viK Mv_vt- cÖwZwPË a¨vb-A‡½ cuvP¸Y Kwi,

m~Î-wcUKt- m~Î-wcU‡K Z…òv, wg_¨v`„wó, Abykq,

cvigvw_©K-mZ¨-Ávb jv‡fi Avek¨KZvt- GB cvigvw_©K

msÁv, ms¯‹vivw`i g‡a¨ †kªô| Òg‡bvcyeŸ½gv g‡bv‡mU&Vv,

I iƒc-Z…òv Dfq Z…òv ew¾©Z| wKš‘ Aiƒc-Z…òv ev Aiƒc-

†jvfbxq Avj¤^b‡K ïf, myL, wbZ¨ I AvZ¥v ewjqv MÖnYB `„wói

Øviv A_ev Avj¤^‡bi Øviv DrmvwnZ, cÖ‡ivwPZ nBqv, Avb‡›`i

mßwea K¤§©-c_ cÖvwß‡Z Bnv 56 Qvàvbœ cÖKvi nq| †jvf

Rxwe‡Zw›`ªq †Q`b-gyn~‡Ë© NvZ‡Ki wP‡Ë cÖwZNB wµqvkxj

†gvn-wPË wewPwKrmv I J×Z¨ m¤úÖhy³ ewjqv Avj¤^b‡K `„p

ms¯‹v‡ivrcwËi cÖavb KviY| myZivs GB `yišÍ kÎæi cÖfve

Pÿz, `„k¨gvb iƒc Ges gb¯‹v‡ii mw¤§j‡b †h wPË Drcbœ nq

Zrci wPË H iƒcvj¤^b‡K (c~eŸ©-ÁvZ iƒcvj¤^bvw`i mwnZ

ÒAÌmvwjbx‡ZÓ ey×‡Nvl e‡jb †h, Pvwi ev¯‘-iƒc A_©vr

iwnqv‡Q| GB cv_©K¨ †nZz m¤úÖZx”Q-wPË ¯^-cÿxq ev¯‘i

cwicÿ Ae¯’v ejv nq| †mBiƒc KzkjvKzkj K¤§©I ZiæY Ae¯’v

nq| GB AveË©b-wPË wµqv-wPË| Ges wP‡Ëi C`„k Ae¯’vqI

c„_M&Rb Pvwi †mŠgbm¨ mnMZ †jvf-wP‡ËvrcwË‡Z Ges Pvwi

cÖ`v‡bi my‡hvM myweav Kwiqv †`b, wKsev wb‡Ï©vl wkívqZb

†nZzt- Ávb-wecÖhy³-K¤§© wØ‡nZzK| A_©vr Bnv‡Z ïay