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    Module 2 For Math110

    Uploaded by

    Ern Nieva
    The document outlines key concepts in calculus including: 1) Rules for finding derivatives including notation, the constant rule, sum and difference rules, product rule, quotient rule, and power rule. 2) The chain rule for finding the derivative of composite functions. 3) Implicit differentiation which involves differentiating each term of an implicit function with respect to x. 4) Higher derivatives which involve taking additional derivatives, with the second derivative denoted as the derivative of the first derivative.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Module 2 For Math110

    Uploaded by

    Ern Nieva
    71 views11 pages
    The document outlines key concepts in calculus including: 1) Rules for finding derivatives including notation, the constant rule, sum and difference rules, product rule, quotient rule, and power rule. 2) The chain rule for finding the derivative of composite functions. 3) Implicit differentiation which involves differentiating each term of an implicit function with respect to x. 4) Higher derivatives which involve taking additional derivatives, with the second derivative denoted as the derivative of the first derivative.

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    Module-2-for-Math110

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    The document outlines key concepts in calculus including: 1) Rules for finding derivatives including notation, the constant rule, sum and difference rules, product rule, quotient rule, and power rule. 2) The chain rule for finding the derivative of composite functions. 3) Implicit differentiation which involves differentiating each term of an implicit function with respect to x. 4) Higher derivatives which involve taking additional derivatives, with the second derivative denoted as the derivative of the first derivative.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    71 views11 pages

    Module 2 For Math110

    Uploaded by

    Ern Nieva
    The document outlines key concepts in calculus including: 1) Rules for finding derivatives including notation, the constant rule, sum and difference rules, product rule, quotient rule, and power rule. 2) The chain rule for finding the derivative of composite functions. 3) Implicit differentiation which involves differentiating each term of an implicit function with respect to x. 4) Higher derivatives which involve taking additional derivatives, with the second derivative denoted as the derivative of the first derivative.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 11

    Module

    2
    Derivatives

    CC
    Module Outline
     Rules in finding
    derivatives
     Chain rule
     Implicit differentiation
     Higher derivatives
    Rules for Finding Derivatives

    In finding derivative there are different notation


    dy d
    y' , f ' ( x ) , , [ f (x) ] ∨D x [ f (x) ]
    dx dx

    Fundamental Differentiation Formulas

    Let c be a constant and let u, v and w be function of x

    1. Derivatgive of a constant / Constant Rule


    d dc
    c=0 or =0
    dx dx

    2. Derivative of sum or difference / Sum or Difference Rule


    d d d
    ( u+ v )= u± v
    dx dx dx

    3. Derivative of product / Product Rule


    d d d
    a. uv=u v + v u
    dx dx dx

    d d
    b. cu=c u
    dx dx

    d d d d
    c. uv w=uv w +uw v +vw u
    dx dx dx dx

    4. Derivative of a quotient / Quotient Rule


    d d
    v u−u v
    d u dx dx
    ()
    dx v
    =
    v2
    5. Derivative of a Power / Power Rule
    d n du
    a. u =n u n−1
    dx dx

    d 1
    b. √ x=
    dx 2 √x

    d n n−1 d
    c. [ f (x) ] =n [ f (n) ] f ( x)
    dx dx

    Example / s:

    Find the derivatives of the ff functions.

    Answer / s:

    1. y = 31 y’ = 0

    2. f(x) = 2 f’(x) = 0

    3. y = 5e y’ = 0

    4. y = 5 + x y‘=0+1=1
    dy d d
    5. y = 5x =5 x + x 5
    dx dx dx

    ¿ 5 ⋅1+ x ⋅0

    =5
    6. y= (2 x )( 4 x ) Another solution
    dy d d
    =2 x 4 x +4 x 2 x y= (2 x ) (4 x)
    dx dx dx

    ¿ 2 x ⋅4 +4 x ⋅2 y=8 x 2

    ¿ 8 x+ 8 x y ' =16 x

    dy
    =16 x
    dx

    Another solution

    y=8 x 2

    d 2 2 d
    y ' =8 x +x 8
    dx dx

    y ' =8 ⋅2 x+ x 2 ⋅0

    y ' =16 x

    7. y= (2 x ) ( 9 x2 ) (7)
    dy d d d
    =( 2 x ) ( 9 x 2 ) 7+ ( 2 x )( 7 ) ( 9 x 2 ) + ( 7 ) ( 9 x 2 ) (2 x )
    dx dx dx dx

    dy
    =18 x3 ⋅ 0+14 x ⋅18 x +63 x 2 ⋅ 2
    dx

    dy
    =0+252 x 2+126 x 2
    dx

    dy
    =378 x2
    dx

    Another solution

    y= (2 x ) (9 x 2)(7)

    y ' =126 x 3

    y ' =123 ( 3 ) x2 ⋅ 1=378 x 2


    Another soultion

    8. y=( x +3)2 y=( x +3)2

    y ' =2 ( x+1 ) ⋅ 1 y=x 2 +6 x +9

    y ' =2 x+ 6 y ' =2 x+ 6

    9. y= ( x +3 ) ( x+ 2 )( x−1 )
    d d d
    y ' =( x +3 ) ( x+2 ) ( x−1 ) + ( x+3 )( x−1 ) ( x+2 )+ ( x +2 ) ( x−1 ) (x+3)
    dx dx dx

    y ' =( x 2 +5 x+6 ) ( 1 )+ ( x2 +2 x−3 ) ( 1 ) + ( x 2+ x −2 ) (1)

    y ' =x 2 +5 x +6+ x2 +2 x−3+ x 2 + x−2

    y ' =3 x 2+ 8 x +1

    Another solution
    y= ( x +3 ) ( x+ 2 )( x−1 )

    y=x 3 + 4 x 2+ x−6

    y ' =3 x 2+ 8 x +1

    1
    10. y= 3
    x

    d d 3
    x3 1−1 x
    dx dx 0−3 x 2 −3
    y'= = = 4
    (x 3)2 x6 x

    Another solution

    y=x −3

    1 −3
    y ' =−3 x−4 =−3 ⋅ =
    x4 x4
    ( x+3)
    11. y= ( x−2)

    d d
    ( x−2 ) ( x +3 )− ( x +3 ) ( x−2)
    dx dx
    y'= 2
    ( x−2)

    ( x−2 ) (1 ) −( x+3 ) (1)


    y'=
    ( x−2)2

    x−2−x−3
    y'=
    ( x−2)2

    −5
    y'= 2
    ( x−2)

    1
    12. y= √3 x=x 3
    −2
    ' 1
    y = x 3 ⋅1
    3

    1 1
    y'= ⋅ 2
    3 3
    x

    1
    y'= 3
    3 √ x2

    13. y= √ 1− x2
    1
    2 2
    y=(1−x )
    −1
    1
    y = (1−x 2) 2 (−2 x)
    '
    2

    −1
    y'=
    √1−x 2
    CHAIN RULE

    Reviewing the composition of function f o g is given by the equation

    [ f o g ] ( x )=f [ g( x ) ]

    This time the derivative of the composition of function is


    d d
    [ f o g ] ( x ) = [ f (g ( x )) ]
    dx dx

    d
    f ' ( g ( x ))⋅ g( x )
    dx

    The Chain rule appears in different form

    y=f (u) and u=g ( x)

    dy du dy
    du
    multiply by dx
    = dx

    dy dy du
    = ⋅
    dx du dx

    Example / s:
    du
    4 3
    ∧dy
    14. y=u and u=2 x +1 ; Find dy , dx
    du dx

    y=u 4 u=2 x 3 +1

    dy du
    =4 u3 ⋅1=4 u3 =6 x 2
    du dx

    dy
    =4 u 3 ⋅ 6 x 2
    dx

    ¿ 4 (2 x 3+1)3 (6 x 2)

    dy
    =24 x 2 (2 x 3 +1)3
    dx
    Another method

    y=(2 x3 +1)4
    3
    y ' =4 ( 2 x3 +1 ) ( 6 x 2 )

    y ' =24 x 2 (2 x3 +1)3

    15. Differentiate y=(x 2+ 3 x )3 by chain rule

    Let y=u 3 and u=x2 +3 x


    dy du
    =3 u2 multiply by =2 x+3
    du dx

    ¿ 3( x 2 +3 x)2 ⋅ 2 x +3

    dy
    =3 ( 2 x +3 ) (x 2 +3 x)2
    dx

    IMPLICIT DIFFERENTIATION

    A function is said to be an explicit function is where the dependent variable


    solved in terms of independent variable. While the implicit function is not clear
    which variable is the dependent and independent.

    y=2 x (explicit)

    x + y 2=0 (implicit)

    To find the deruvative of animplicit function, differentiate each term of the


    function with respect to x.
    Example / s:
    dy
    ∧dx
    16. Find the dx of x3 −2 xy − y 3=0
    dy

    d 3 d d d d
    dx
    x − 2x[dx
    y +2 y x + xy 2 −3 y 2
    dx dx ]
    dx
    y=0

    dy dy
    3 x 2−2 x −2 y −0−3 y 2 =0
    dx dx

    dy dy
    −2 x −3 y 2 =2 y−3 x 2
    dx dx

    dy
    (−2 x−3 y 2 )=2 y−3 x 2
    dx

    dy 2 y−3 x 2
    =
    dx −2 x−3 y 2

    dx
    of x 3−2 xy− y 3=0
    dy

    d dx
    3 x2
    dy [ ]
    x− 2 x ⋅1+2 y + xy ⋅ 0 −3 y2 =0
    dy

    dx dx
    3 x2 −2 x −2 y −3 y 2=0
    dy dy

    dx dx
    3 x2 −2 y =2 x +3 y 2
    dy dy

    dx
    ( 3 x 2−2 y )=2 x+ 3 y 2
    dy

    dx 2 x +3 y 2
    =
    dy 3 x 2−2 y

    HIGHER DERIVATIVES
    In y=f (x ) , the derivative of the given function is y ' =f ( x ) ,means first
    derivative of y with respect to x. To find the second derivative, 3rd derivative and
    so on... up to higher derivative, it denote as
    dy '
    1st derivative , f ( x ) , y' , D y
    dx

    d2 y ' ' ( ) ' ' 2


    2nd derivative ,f x , y , D y
    d x2

    d 3 y ' '' ( ) ' ' ' 3


    3rd derivative ,f x , y ,D y
    dx 3

    d 4 y (4 ) ( ) ( 4 ) 4
    4th derivative ,f x , y , D y
    dx 4

    . .

    . .

    d n y ( n ) ( ) ( n) 4
    nth derivative ,f x , y , D y
    dx n

    Example / s:

    17. Find the y ' ' ' of the function y=10 x 2 +4 x −3

    y ' =20 x +4

    y ' ' =20

    y ' ' ' =0

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