Plant Tissues: PBOT 111: Lecture 5

Plant Tissues
PBOT 111: Lecture 5

Tissues
• ceIIs that are structurally and/functionally
similar
• 2 Major Types of Plant tissue:
A. Meristematic tissues (meristems)
B. Permanent tissues
A. Meristematic Tissues
• composed of actively dividing ceIIs,

responsible for the production of ceIIs.
• The new cells produced are typically
small, each with proportionately large
nucleus at the center
• As they mature, they assume different
shapes and sizes related to the cells
ultimate function
A. Meristematic Tissues
• Types of meristematic tissues based

on origin:
• Primary Meristems- derived from
embryo. This persists generally
throughout the lifetime of the plant.
• Secondary meristems- derived from
permanent tissues
• Types of meristematic tissues based on
their location:
1. Apical meristems
2. Lateral meristems
3. Intercallary meristems
Apical Meristems
• found at the tips of roots and shoots

• responsible for increase in length in
plants (as the apical meristems produce
new cells)
• Another function is to begin growth of
new cells in young seedlings at the tips
of roots and shoots
Meristems develop from each
Apical Meristems
1.Protoderm - lies around the outside of
the stem
2.Ground meristem - develops into
the Cortex and the pith.
3.Procambium - lies just inside of the
protoderm
Apical Meristems
Lateral meristems
• found along the sides of roots &

stems
• Responsible for the increase in
width or diameter of the plant
• Types of Lateral meristems:
A. Vascular cambium
B. Cork cambium
Intercallary Meristems
• found at the bases of young

leaves & internodes
• responsible for rapid growth of stems
• these are short-lived meristems
B. Permanent tissues
• tissues that attained their mature form and
perform specific functions.
• Tissues derived from the meristems that
assumed various shapes and sizes related to
their specific functions as they develop and
mature
Types:
1. Simple permanent tissues
2. Complex permanent tissues
3. Secretory tissues
Simple Permanent tissues
• consist only of one kind of cells

• These cells are uniform in function and
structure
A. Dermal tissue
B. Ground Tissue
Dermal Tissue
• external tissues
• forms protective covering of the plant body
• Example:
1. Epidermis
2. Periderm
Epidermis
• the outermost layer of the plant

• generally only one layer thick with cuticle
• some cells are modified into guard cells
• contains trichomes, stomata and cuticle
Epidermis
Epidermis (Trichomes)
Epidermis (Stomata)
Epidermis (Cuticle)
Periderm
• is the outermost layer of

stems and roots of
woody plants such as
trees.
Cork
• Cork- This consists of several layers of

dead cells when mature. Their cell
walls are impregnated with waxy
substance known as suberin
Ground Tissue
• Internal tissues
• Support and strengthening
tissues
• Ground tissues consists of:
1. Parenchyma
2. Collenchyma
3. Sclerenchyma
4. Fibers
Parenchyma
• Most abundant of all the cell

types found in almost all major
parts of higher plants
• The cell are more or less
spherical in shape when newly
produced
• When mature, they push against
each other and their thin pliable
walls are flattened at the points
of contact
Parenchyma
• While parenchyma cells

that contains numerous
chloroplasts are referred to
as chlorenchyma
Functions:
1.Respiration
2.Photosynthesis
3.Food and waste storage
Collenchyma
• Cells often occur just beneath the
epidermis
• They are longer than they are wide and
their cell walls are pliable as well as strong
• Tissue is composed of thick-walled cells of
uneven thickness
• Are usually smaller than parenchyma cells
Collenchyma
ScIerenchyma
• Characterized by cells that are thick and
tough walled
• These are normally impregnated with lignin
• Most of these are dead at maturity
• Function as supporting tissues in plants
Types:
1. scIereids
2. fibers
ScIereids
Fibers
Secretory tissues
• Composed of secretory cells that produce

hormones or waste products no longer
important to the plant
Example:
• secrete nectar in flowers
• oil in citrus
• menthol in mint leaves
• latex and resins in pine trees
Secretory tissues
• digestive glands of carnivorous plants

(enzymes)
• salt glands that shed salt (especial in
plants adapted to environments laden
with salt).
Complex Permanent tissues
• These tissues are composed of several

kinds of cells working together to perform
a specific function in the body
• Example: Vascular tissues (xylem and
phloem)
Xylem
• Concerned primarily with the transport of water
and minerals from the soil to the various parts
of the plant
• Composed of four cell types:
1. Xylem fibers- Similar in appearance to ordinary
sclerenchyma fibers
2. Xylem parenchyma- Smaller in size than
ordinary parenchyma cells
3. Vessels
4. Tracheids (with five types based on structure)
Xylem
5 Types of Tracheids Based on Structure:

1. spiral
2. scalariform
3. pitted type- with rounded depressions
or pore like structures
4. reticulate
5. annular
Xylem
Phloem
• Responsible for the

translocation of food
manufactured by the leaves to
all the parts of the plant
• Composition of Phloem:
1. companion cells
2. phloem fibers
3. phloem parenchyma
4. sieve tube elements
Companion cells
• Small, nucleated parenchymatous cells

that are usually associated with some
sieve tubes
Phloem fibers
• Look like ordinary sclerenchyma fibers

Phloem parenchyma
• Look like ordinary parenchyma cells
Sieve tube elements
• Elongated cells joined end to end forming
sieve tubes
• Their end walls or cross walls have a large
number of small pores
• Sieve tubes – are living cells that do not
have nuclei
• their walls are lignified
Study Hard! God bless!
Thank you for listening 

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Plant Tissues

PBOT 111: Lecture 5

• composed of actively dividing ceIIs,

• Types of meristematic tissues based

• found at the tips of roots and shoots

• found along the sides of roots &

• found at the bases of young

• consist only of one kind of cells

• the outermost layer of the plant

• is the outermost layer of

• Cork- This consists of several layers of

• Most abundant of all the cell

• While parenchyma cells

• Composed of secretory cells that produce

• digestive glands of carnivorous plants

• These tissues are composed of several

5 Types of Tracheids Based on Structure:

• Responsible for the

• Small, nucleated parenchymatous cells

• Look like ordinary sclerenchyma fibers

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