Topic: Basic Electrical and Electronics Simple Circuit

I. Circuit
A. Define Circuit
Circuit is a closed path that allows electricity to flow from one point to another. It may
include various electrical components, such as transistors, resistors, and capacitors, but the
flow is unimpeded by a gap or break in the circuit.

B. Parts of Circuit
 The Energy Source
 The Conductor
 The Switch
 The Load
C. Discuss
 Complete circuit- is a complete loop with electricity flowing the way it's supposed
to flow: from the battery, to the component, and back to the battery again. A
circuit is a complete path around which electricity can flow. It must include a
source of electricity, such as a battery. ... In a closed or complete circuit, electric
current can flow. When electric current flows it can be used by electrical
appliances, such as light bulbs.
 Open circuit- is a circuit where the path has been interrupted or "opened" at some
point so that current will not flow. An open circuit is also called an incomplete circuit.
When there is a faulty electrical wire or electronic component in a circuit or the switch is
OFF, then it is called Open Circuit.
 Closed circuit- implies that the two terminals are externally connected with resistance
R=0, the same as an ideal wire. This means there is zero voltage difference for any
current value. (Note that real wires have non-zero resistance!) When load works on its
own in a circuit then it is called Close Circuit or Closed Circuit. Under this situation, the
value of current flow depends on load.
 Short circuit-- implies that the two terminals are externally connected with resistance
R=0, the same as an ideal wire. This means there is zero voltage difference for any
current value. (Note that real wires have non-zero resistance!) When both points (+ & –)
of voltage source in a circuit gets joint with each other for some reason then it is called
Short Circuit. Maximum current starts to flow under this situation. Short circuit generally
happens when the conducting electrical wires get joint of even because of shorting in
the load.
 Grounded circuit-only one wire becomes hot and the other wire is grounded. Touching
the hot wire still exposes a person to the full circuit voltage. In a grounded circuit, we
often refer to the electricity traveling from the source to the load on the hot wire and
returning to the source on the grounded wire. This is not quite correct since AC current
changes direction 60 times a second.
II. Types of simple circuit
a. Series
 Define-is wired with only one path for the current to flow through all the devices in
a row and back to the starting point.
 Draw Schematic diagram and label its parts

 Draw picture and wiring diagram and label its parts

b. Parallel
 Define-is wired with two or more paths for the current to flow through all the
devices and back to the starting point.
 When 2 or more loads (Bulb, CFL, LED, Fan etc) are connected to each other in
parallel, then it is called Parallel Circuit. In this type of circuit, the voltage capacity of
all loads must be equal to input supply. Power of “load” can be different. In a
parallel circuit, if one load or bulb gets fuse, then rest of the bulbs will still get
power supply and will glow. Look at the example below.
 Draw Schematic diagram and label its parts
  Draw picture and wiring diagram and label its parts

c. Series parallel circuit

 Define-The first three lamps (B1, B2 & B3) are connected in parallel while switches
(S1, S2 & S3) are wired in series accordingly. B7, B8, B9 and B10 are in series with
each other while they are parallel with the first three bulbs (B1, B2 & B3) while the
switches (S5 & S6) are in parallel connected with Bulb (B10). Also, bulbs (B4, B5 &
B6) and switch (S7) are in series with each other while they are in parallel with (B1,
B2 & B3) and so on.
 Draw Schematic diagram and label its parts

 Draw picture and wiring diagram and label its parts

 III. Discuss the relationship of voltage, current, and resistant, indicate the simple formula in finding
voltage, current and resistant in every type.
a. Series circuit
b. Parallel circuit
c. Series parallel circuit

IV. References:
© 2020 LEAF GROUP LTD. / LEAF GROUP LIFESTYLERO N
PR I CE HT T PS:/ / WWW. HU NK E R . CO M /1 2 00 37 06 / T HE- FOU R - AND- MO R E- BASI C- PAR T S- O F- AN-
E L E CT RI CAL - CI R CU I T
APOGEE INTERACTIVE, INC. © 2020. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED, https://c03.apogee.net/mvc/home/hes/land/el?
spc=foe&id=4702&utilityname=gulfpower
HT T P:/ / WWW. E L E CTR O NI CSANDY O U . CO M / BLO G / EL ECT R I C- CI R CU I T - TY PES- OF- EL ECTR I C-
CI R CUI T . HT ML Y SANTOSH DAS | LAST UPDATED ON NOVEMBER 21, 2019
HT T PS:/ / U L T IM AT E E L E CT RO NI CSBOO K . CO M / O PEN- CI R CU I T- AND- SHO R T- CI R CUI T / BY M I CHAEL F.
R O B BI NS

APOGEE INTERACTIVE, INC. © 2020. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

https://www.niu.edu/ceet/documents/eep-pdf/series-and-parallel-circuits.pdf

HT T PS:/ / WWW. E L E CT RI CAL T E CHNO LO G Y .O R G /2 01 5 /0 3 / PAR AL L EL - CO NNECTI O N- I S- PR EFER R ED-

O VE R- SE R I E S. HT M L

IV. Definition of terms/Technical terms

 Voltage- is the pressure from an electrical circuit's power source that pushes charged
electrons (current) through a conducting loop, enabling them to do work such as illuminating
a light. In brief, voltage = pressure, and it is measured in volts (V).

 Resistance- is a measure of the opposition to current flow in an electrical circuit. Resistance is

measured in ohms, symbolized by the Greek letter omega (Ω). ... All materials resist current
flow to some degree.
 Current- is the rate at which electrons flow past a point in a complete electrical circuit. At its
most basic, current = flow. ... It expresses the quantity of electrons (sometimes called
"electrical charge") flowing past a point in a circuit over a given time.
 Ampere- is a measure of the amount of electric charge passing a point in an electric circuit per
unit time with 6.241 × 1018 electrons, or one coulomb per second constituting one ampere.
 Ohms- defines the unit of resistance of "1 Ohm" as the resistance between two points in a
conductor where the application of 1 volt will push 1 ampere, or 6.241×10^18 electrons. This
value is usually represented in schematics with the greek letter "Ω", which is called omega,
and pronounced "ohm"
 Volts- is the electrical unit of voltage or potential difference (symbol: V).
One Volt is defined as energy consumption of one joule per electric charge of one coulomb.
 Schematic Diagram- The schematic diagram is often the primary drawing of the electronics
and communications industry. It is a diagram that shows the functions and relationships of a
circuit by means of graphical symbols. ... The schematic diagram usually includes electronic
and certain passive components.
 Block diagram- is a simplified diagram of a system, program, or process. Labeled geometric
figures and interconnecting lines represent the functional relation ships and flow of
information between units or sections. ... Block diagrams are sometimes drawn in pictorial
form.
 Wiring diagram- a simple visual representation of the physical connections and physical layout
of an electrical system or circuit. It shows how the electrical wires are interconnected and can
also show where fixtures and components may be connected to the system.
 Inductor- An inductor is a passive electronic component which is capable of storing electrical
energy in the form of magnetic energy. Basically, it uses a conductor that is wound into a coil,
and when electricity flows into the coil from the left to the right, this will generate a magnetic
field in the clockwise direction.
 Conductor- The conductor is the type of metal which allows the electrical current to flow
through it.
 Insulator-is a material that does not conduct electrical current. Insulating materials include
paper, plastic, rubber, glass and air.
 Semi-Conductor- are materials which have a conductivity between conductors (generally
metals) and nonconductors or insulators (such as most ceramics). Semiconductors can be pure
elements, such as silicon or germanium, or compounds such as gallium arsenide or cadmium
selenide.
 Multi-tester- also known as a volt/ohm meter or VOM, is an electronic measuring instrument
that combines several measurement functions in one unit. is an electronic device that can
take a number of different types of measurements, including voltage, current, and resistance.
 Voltmeter- is a measuring instrument used to find the voltage levels around an electrical
circuit when connected in parallel with the part of the circuit being measured
 Ammeter- is a measuring instrument used to find the strength of current flowing around an
electrical circuit when connected in series with the part of the circuit being measured
 Ohmmeter- is used to measure the value of resistance between any two points in an electric
circuit
 VOHM- is a multi-purpose electrical test instrument that can measure AC or DC voltage,
resistance (ohms), and depending on the model current (amps)
 Voltage load- is the voltage that a power source is able to supply when it is “loaded” at its
rated “load value.” It is dependant upon the internal resistance or impedance of the source.
 Voltage source- A voltage source, such as a battery or generator, provides a potential
difference (voltage) between two points within an electrical circuit allowing current to flowing
around i
 AC- is a current that alternates its direction of flow around a circuit) "AC" is often used in
other terms such as "AC signal" and even "AC voltage".
 DC- is a direct current and a form of electricity that flows in one direction – it is direct and this
gives it its name.
 Cut off state- the operating conditions of the transistor are zero input base current ( IB ), zero
output collector current ( IC ) and maximum collector voltage ( VCE ) which results in a large
depletion layer and no current flowing through the device. Therefore the transistor is
switched “Fully-OFF”.
 Positive terminal/line/charge- is called cathode and this current can be thought of as the flow
of positive charges, even though it is usually electrons, which have negative charge that carry
current in a copper wire circuit.
 Negative terminal/line/charge-is called anode and this terminal of a battery or other voltage
source that has more electrons than normal; electrons flow from the negative terminal
through the external circuit to the positive terminal.
 Switch- is any device used to interrupt the flow of electrons in a circuit. Switches are
essentially binary devices: they are either completely on (“closed”) or completely off (“open”).
 Fuse- is an electrical component designed to protect electrical circuits by safely opening the
circuit under abnormally high current loads. Fuses come in many shapes and sizes, but each
one is designed to protect a circuit with a specific set of electrical parameters. These
parameters are primarily the operating voltage, operating current and fuse element melting
time or speed of the fuse.

 EMB- Electrical Moisture Block (EMB) is a is a specially formulated rubber adhesive/sealant for
moisture proofing wire bundles. ... Supplied on a release liner and is compatible with typical
extruded wire insulation found in automotive and marine wiring such as PVC, synthetic rubber,
and crosslinked polyethylene.
 Power- is the rate at which energy is absorbed or produced within a circuit. A source of energy
such as a voltage will produce or deliver power while the connected load absorbs it.
 Watts-are a measurement of power, describing the rate at which electricity is being used at a
specific moment.
 AC source- are commonly used for electrical testing in aviation, lighting, laboratory testing,
military and factory production.
  DC source-refer to sources of electrical energy which are associated with constant voltages
and currents. A DC power supply can be constructed as an electronic circuit operating from
the ac mains electricity supply and designed for purpose.

References:

VC- AspenCore.(2020) Retrieved on September 28, 2020 from https://www.electronics-

tutorials.ws/dccircuits/voltage-source.html

2007− 2020 Eric Coates MA BSc.(2020). Retrieved on September from https://learnabout-

electronics.org/ac_theory/ac_waves.php

ectronics Notes, Ian Poole https://www.electronics-

notes.com/articles/basic_concepts/current/alternating-direct-current-ac-dc-electricity.php

© EETech Media, LLC. All rights reserved

© 2019 Swe-Check Pty Ltd. All rights reserved. https://www.swe-

check.com.au/pages/learn_what_is_a_fuse.php

Legal|Privacy|DMCA|Accessibility Statement© 3M 2020. All Rights Reserved.

https://www.3m.com/3M/en_US/company-us/all-3m-products/~/3M-Electrical-Moisture-Block-
EMB/?N=5002385+3293717446&rt=rud#:~:text=3M%E2%84%A2%20Electrical%20Moisture%20Block
%20(EMB)%20is%20a%20is%20a,for%20moisture%20proofing%20wire%20bundles.&text=Supplied
%20on%20a%20release%20liner%20and%20is%20compatible%20with%20typical,synthetic%20rubber
%2C%20and%20crosslinked%20polyethylene. USA

Union of Concerned ScientistsWe are a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization.2 Brattle Square, Cambridge
MA 02138, USA(617) 547-5552Jul 14, 2008Henry Kendall

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