Multiple Choice Questions: A. B. C. D
Multiple Choice Questions: A. B. C. D
Multiple Choice Questions: A. B. C. D
Chapter 09
Muscle
9-1
Chapter 09 - Muscle
4. Which of the following statements regarding the shortening of a skeletal-muscle fiber is not
true? When a skeletal-muscle fiber shortens, the
A. Sarcomeres shorten
B. Distance between Z lines decreases
C. Myofilaments shorten
D. Myofilaments slide past each other
E. Length of the A bands remains the same
6. Binding of ________ to myosin permits cross-bridge _____________ between actin and
myosin.
A. ATP; attachment
B. ATP; detachment
C. Calcium; attachment
D. Calcium; detachment
E. Actin; detachment
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Chapter 09 - Muscle
7. ATP is necessary for each of the following mechanisms or functions in skeletal muscle
except
A. Sequestration of Ca2+ into the sarcoplasmic reticulum
B. Dissociation of actin from myosin
C. Release of Ca2+ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum
D. Movement of myosin cross bridges
E. Maintenance of the polarized state of the skeletal-muscle membrane
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Chapter 09 - Muscle
10. The removal of calcium ions from the cytosol of skeletal muscle causes
A. The myosin binding sites on actin to be uncovered by tropomyosin
B. Tropomyosin to change conformation and thereby move troponin molecules over cross-
bridge binding sites
C. Troponin to change conformation and thereby expose cross-bridge binding sites
D. The myosin binding sites on actin to be covered by tropomyosin
E. None of the choices are correct
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Chapter 09 - Muscle
14. An action potential in the motor end plate rapidly spreads to the central portions of a
muscle cell by means of the
A. Z lines
B. Sarcoplasmic reticulum
C. H zone
D. Transverse tubules
E. Pores in the plasma membrane
15. Which of the following statements regarding the motor end plate of a skeletal-muscle fiber
is true?
A. Muscarinic receptors in the end plate are activated by binding to acetylcholine
B. Temporal summation of end plate potentials is required in order to trigger an action
potential in the muscle-fiber membrane
C. Acetylcholinesterase in the end plate membrane catalyzes the breakdown of acetylcholine
D. Sympathetic nerve fibers innervate skeletal muscle
E. All of the choices are true
9-5
Chapter 09 - Muscle
16. Curare
A. Is an autoimmune disease
B. Blocks acetylcholinesterase
C. Is a muscarinic acetylcholine antagonist
D. Is a nicotinic acetylcholine antagonist
E. Both blocks acetylcholinesterase and is a muscarinic acetylcholine antagonist are correct
17. Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune disease - that is, a disease in which one's immune
system gradually attacks a part of one's own body, in this case the receptors for acetylcholine
at the neuromuscular junction. Which of the following drugs might be useful in treating this
disease?
A. A drug that inhibits acetylcholinesterase
B. A drug that inhibits release of acetylcholine
C. Curare
D. Atropine (a muscarinic antagonist)
E. All of the choices are correct
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Chapter 09 - Muscle
21. Which of the following statements best explains how tetanus can be generated in a
skeletal muscle, given the all-or-none nature of action potentials?
A. During a single action potential in a skeletal muscle, there is not enough time for all of the
calcium in the sarcoplasmic reticulum to diffuse into the cytosol and bind to troponin
B. Skeletal muscle has no absolute refractory period
C. Skeletal muscle has a much longer absolute refractory period than does a motor neuron
D. During a single action potential in a skeletal muscle, there is not enough time for maximal
tension to develop before the Ca-ATPase begins sequestering calcium ions
E. Both during a single action potential in a skeletal muscle, there is not enough time for all of
the calcium in the sarcoplasmic reticulum to diffuse into the cytosol and bind to troponin and
skeletal muscle has a much longer absolute refractory period than does a motor neuron are
correct
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Chapter 09 - Muscle
9-8
Chapter 09 - Muscle
24. The first means by which ATP is produced at the onset of contractile activity in a skeletal
muscle is
A. Transfer of energy and phosphate from creatine phosphate to ADP
B. Oxidative phosphorylation
C. Glycolysis
D. Oxidation of fatty acids
E. Catabolism of myoglobin
25. When a muscle has been contracting for an extended period of time (more than a few
minutes), the primary source of ATP is
A. Transfer of energy and phosphate from creatine phosphate to ADP
B. Glycolysis
C. Oxidative phosphorylation
D. Breakdown of myosin
E. None of the choices are correct
26. After heavy exercise, breathing remains labored for some time, indicating a continuing
need for increased oxygen. In muscle cells recovering from exercise,
A. Oxygen is used for oxidation of lactic acid metabolites to generate ATP
B. ATP is used to synthesize glycogen from glucose
C. ATP is used to phosphorylate creatine
D. Both oxygen is used for oxidation of lactic acid metabolites to generate ATP and ATP is
used to synthesize glycogen from glucose are correct
E. All of the choices are correct
9-9
Chapter 09 - Muscle
27. Muscle fatigue
A. Is caused by depletion of ATP stores
B. After short-duration, high-intensity exercise is caused by depletion of muscle glycogen
stores
C. After long-duration, low-intensity exercise is caused by excessive hydrogen ion
concentrations that interfere with contractile protein activity
D. After long-duration, low-intensity exercise is caused by build up of potassium ion in the
lumen of T tubules
E. Is caused by none of these choices
28. Which of the following statements regarding myosin in skeletal muscle is/are true?
A. Myosin heads contain two functional sites, one for actin and one for tropomyosin
B. Myosin is an ATPase
C. The rate of ATP hydrolysis by myosin is the same in all types of skeletal muscle
D. Both myosin heads contain two functional sites, one for actin and one for tropomyosin and
myosin is an ATPase are true
E. All of the choices are true
29. Which of the following is not true regarding the comparison of type I (slow oxidative) and
type II b (fast-glycolytic) skeletal-muscle fibers?
A. Type I fibers have more abundant mitochondria
B. Type I fibers fatigue more readily
C. Type I fibers have more abundant myoglobin
D. Type I fibers have more abundant capillaries
E. Type I motor units contain fewer fibers than type II b motor units
9-10
Chapter 09 - Muscle
30. Which of the following statements about different kinds of skeletal-muscle fibers is true?
A. Slow-oxidative fibers have a greater abundance of glycogen than do fast-glycolytic fibers
B. Fast-glycolytic fibers have a greater abundance of myoglobin than do slow-oxidative fibers
C. Fast-glycolytic fibers can generate greater tension than can slow-oxidative fibers
D. Both slow-oxidative fibers have a greater abundance of glycogen than do fast-glycolytic
fibers and fast-glycolytic fibers have a greater abundance of myoglobin than do slow-
oxidative fibers are true
E. All of the choices are true
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Chapter 09 - Muscle
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Chapter 09 - Muscle
37. John is a sprinter who specializes in quick and powerful bursts of speed followed by
periods of rest. Jim is a marathon runner who specializes in long, steady runs. Compared to
Jim, John is likely to have
A. Legs with a larger diameter
B. Legs with a smaller diameter
C. Hypertrophy of type I muscle fibers
D. Legs with a larger diameter and hypertrophy of type I muscle fibers
E. Legs with a smaller diameter and hypertrophy of type I muscle fibers
9-13
Chapter 09 - Muscle
38. John is a sprinter who specializes in quick and powerful bursts of speed followed by
periods of rest. Jim is a marathon runner who specializes in long, steady runs. Compared to
John, Jim is likely to have
A. More glycogen stored in his type II b muscle fibers
B. More mitochondria in his type I and II a muscle fibers
C. More myoglobin in his type II b muscle fibers
D. Both more glycogen stored in his type II b muscle fibers and more myoglobin in his type II
b muscle fibers
E. Both more mitochondria in his type I and II a muscle fibers and more myoglobin in his
type II b muscle fibers
39. Olympic speed (ice) skaters have large, muscular legs that are unusual in that the left leg
is generally even larger in diameter than the right. This is an example of
A. Disuse atrophy of the right leg
B. Hypertrophy of fast-glycolytic muscle fibers as a result of exercise
C. An increase in the number of fast muscle fibers as a result of exercise
D. Both disuse atrophy of the right leg and hypertrophy of fast-glycolytic muscle fibers as a
result of exercise
E. Both hypertrophy of fast-glycolytic muscle fibers as a result of exercise and an increase in
the number of fast muscle fibers as a result of exercise
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Chapter 09 - Muscle
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Chapter 09 - Muscle
41. A major difference between smooth muscle and skeletal muscle is that
A. Myosin is the regulatory protein in smooth muscle
B. Myosin is the regulatory protein in skeletal muscle
C. Skeletal muscle may exhibit spontaneous activity
D. Only skeletal muscle requires increased calcium ion concentration in the cytosol for
contraction
E. None of the choices are correct
43. Excitation-contraction coupling
A. In skeletal-muscle cells requires the influx of extracellular calcium ion
B. In smooth-muscle cells requires the influx of extracellular calcium ion
C. In all kinds of muscle requires the release of calcium ion from the sarcoplasmic reticulum
D. Both in skeletal-muscle cells requires the influx of extracellular calcium ion and in
smooth-muscle cells requires the influx of extracellular calcium ion are correct
E. Both in smooth-muscle cells requires the influx of extracellular calcium ion and in all
kinds of muscle requires the release of calcium ion from the sarcoplasmic reticulum are
correct
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Chapter 09 - Muscle
44. Which of the following statements regarding contraction in skeletal and smooth muscle is
true?
A. In skeletal muscle, calcium ion mediates changes in thin filaments that lead to cross-bridge
activity; in smooth muscle, calcium ion mediates changes in thick filaments that lead to cross-
bridge activity
B. In skeletal muscle, calcium ion binds to a regulatory protein on thin filaments; in smooth
muscle, calcium ion binds to a regulatory protein on thick filaments
C. In skeletal muscle, calcium ion binds to troponin; in smooth muscle, calcium ion binds to
calmodulin
D. Both in skeletal muscle, calcium ion mediates changes in thin filaments that lead to cross-
bridge activity; in smooth muscle, calcium ion mediates changes in thick filaments that lead to
cross-bridge activity and in skeletal muscle, calcium ion binds to troponin; in smooth muscle,
calcium ion binds to calmodulin are true
E. All of the choices are true
45. Which of the following is not true regarding single-unit smooth-muscle cells? They
A. Have individual innervation of each cell
B. Have many gap junctions between cells
C. May have pacemaker activity
D. Respond to stretch by contracting
E. Have tone
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Chapter 09 - Muscle
47. Although both skeletal and cardiac muscle exhibit striated appearance and the property of
contractility there are functional differences between them. Which of the following is not a
difference between cardiac and skeletal muscle?
A. Cardiac muscle cells are arranged in layers surrounding hollow cavities in the heart
B. Skeletal muscle cells are long and multinucleate, depending on neuronal stimuli
C. Cardiac muscle cells are depolarized initially by the influx of calcium ions
D. Skeletal muscle cells depolarize prior to contraction
E. In cardiac muscle cells a resting membrane potential must be present to provide for
excitation and contraction
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Chapter 09 - Muscle
48. Which of the following choices gives the correct sequence of events following the
depolarization of transverse tubules in excitation-contraction coupling in cardiac muscle?
A. Calcium release into sarcoplasm, calcium ion influx through sarcolemma, actin and myosin
attach, thin myofilaments slide toward the middle of sarcomeres
B. Actin and myosin attach, thin myofilaments slide toward the middle of sarcomeres,
calcium release into sarcoplasm
C. Calcium release into sarcoplasm, actin and myosin attach, calcium ion influx through
sarcolemma, thin myofilaments slide toward the middle of sarcomeres
D. Calcium release into sarcoplasm, actin and myosin attach, thin myofilaments slide toward
the middle of sarcomeres, calcium ion influx through sarcolemma
E. Calcium ion influx through sarcolemma, calcium release into sarcoplasm, actin and myosin
attach, thin myofilaments slide toward the middle of sarcomeres
49. The electrical depolarization which spreads through the heart musculature and precedes
contraction of atria and ventricles is dependent upon the rapid inward diffusion of which of
the following ions?
A. Sodium
B. Calcium
C. Nitrate
D. Chloride
E. Potassium
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Chapter 09 - Muscle
50. The conclusion of cardiac muscle contraction is marked by which of the following
A. Concentration of calcium ions in the cytosol is greatly reduced by active transport; Ca 2+-
ATPase pumps
B. Concentration of calcium ions in the cytosol is greatly reduced by active transport; Ca
2+
/Na+ cotransporters in sarcoplasmic reticulum and sarcolemma
C. The release of actin protein degrading enzymes
D. The release of myosin degrading enzymes
E. Both concentration of calcium ions in the cytosol is greatly reduced by active transport; Ca
2+
-ATPase pumps and concentration of calcium ions in the cytosol is greatly reduced by active
transport; Ca 2+/Na+ cotransporters in sarcoplasmic reticulum and sarcolemma are correct
52. Some athletes in activities requiring ATP for more than a few seconds may turn to dietary
supplements containing ____ to increase the amount of _____ immediately available within
the muscles.
A. Fatty acids, calcium ions
B. Sports drinks (Gatorade, Powerade, etc.), electrolytes and mineral spirits
C. Sugars, glucose
D. Proteins, amino acids
E. Creatine, ATP
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Chapter 09 - Muscle
53. Myasthenia gravis
A. Is an autoimmune disease
B. Occurs when the motor neuron terminals cannot secrete enough acetylcholine to stimulate
the motor end plate adequately
C. Can be treated with a drug that temporarily inhibits acetylcholinesterase
D. Both is an autoimmune disease and occurs when the motor neuron terminals cannot secrete
enough acetylcholine to stimulate the motor end plate adequately are correct
E. Both is an autoimmune disease and can be treated with a drug that temporarily inhibits
acetylcholinesterase are correct
54. Skeletal muscles are made up of bundles of muscle fibers held together by sheaths called
tendons.
FALSE
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Chapter 09 - Muscle
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Chapter 09 - Muscle
58. During skeletal-muscle contraction, the I band and H zone shorten but the A band stays
the same.
TRUE
59. The cross-bridge cycle refers to the sequence of events between the time an individual
cross bridge binds to a thin filament at the start of a muscle contraction and the time the cross
bridge releases the filament at the end of the contraction.
FALSE
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Chapter 09 - Muscle
61. Actin is an ATPase.
FALSE
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Chapter 09 - Muscle
62. The binding of ATP to myosin causes an allosteric change in myosin's actin-binding site
such that the affinity of myosin for actin is decreased.
TRUE
63. The phenomenon of rigor mortis demonstrates that myosin can bind to actin in the
absence of ATP, but the bond cannot then be broken.
TRUE
64. Binding of myosin to actin cannot take place in the absence of calcium ion.
TRUE
66. The site of calcium-ion storage in muscle cells is the lateral sacs of the transverse tubules.
FALSE
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Chapter 09 - Muscle
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Chapter 09 - Muscle
69. The term "twitch" refers to the mechanical response of a muscle fiber during one cross-
bridge cycle.
FALSE
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Chapter 09 - Muscle
71. During isometric contraction of a skeletal-muscle fiber, tension increases but the fiber
length stays the same.
TRUE
72. The latent period of an isotonic twitch is shorter than the latent period of an isometric
twitch.
FALSE
74. A skeletal muscle generates its greatest twitch tension when it is stretched to twice its
resting length.
FALSE
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Chapter 09 - Muscle
75. Fast fibers can be distinguished from slow fibers by the rate at which their myosin-
ATPases split ATP.
TRUE
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Chapter 09 - Muscle
77. The difference in color between white muscle and red muscle is accounted for by the
greater abundance of glycogen in white muscle.
FALSE
78. The fiber type intermediate between the two extremes of fast glycolytic and slow
oxidative is slow glycolytic.
FALSE
79. Muscles used for delicate, finely controlled movements have smaller motor units than
more coarsely controlled muscles.
TRUE
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Chapter 09 - Muscle
80. In general, activating a slow-oxidative motor unit in a muscle will generate more tension
than activating a fast-glycolytic motor unit.
FALSE
82. The larger the diameter of a skeletal-muscle fiber, the greater the tension it can generate.
TRUE
83. Recruitment of different types of motor units in a muscle is the primary means of varying
the amount of tension generated in that muscle.
TRUE
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Chapter 09 - Muscle
84. The shortening velocity of a skeletal muscle fiber increases with decreasing load because
the rate at which the cross-bridge cycle can occur increases with decreasing load.
TRUE
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Chapter 09 - Muscle
85. A flexor muscle pulls on bone to decrease the angle at a joint, whereas an extensor pushes
the bone to increase the angle.
FALSE
86. The decrease in mass and strength of muscle as a result of damage to the nerves
innervating the muscle is called disuse atrophy.
FALSE
88. The myosin in smooth-muscle cells differs from that in skeletal muscle in that smooth-
muscle myosin requires phosphorylation before it can bind to actin.
TRUE
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Chapter 09 - Muscle
89. In smooth-muscle cells that can produce action potentials, cell membrane depolarization
opens voltage-sensitive sodium channels.
FALSE
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Chapter 09 - Muscle
93. In cardiac muscle contractile cells the release of calcium through L-type calcium channels
depolarizes the sarcoplasmic reticulum and inhibits the release of any additional calcium
necessary for excitation-contraction coupling.
FALSE
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Chapter 09 - Muscle
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Chapter 09 - Muscle
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Chapter 09 - Muscle
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