A.

DEFINITIONS
RESTORATION
Restoration is defined as the act or process of accurately depicting the form, features,
and character of a property as it appeared at a particular period of time by means of the
removal of features from other periods in its history and reconstruction of missing
features from the restoration period. The limited and sensitive upgrading of mechanical,
electrical, and plumbing systems and other code-required work to make properties
functional is appropriate within a restoration project.

Why is restoration important?

 Restoration is a legacy we leave to the next generation
Architecture embodies our heritage. Our buildings are a reflection of our values.
As you tour the great cities of the world, you can read the story of these cities in
their skylines. A rich story worth preserving. Through restoration, we preserve
our link to the past.
 Restoration is about vitality and renewal
Restoration preserves our history, our culture and our progress. If we allow our
buildings to fall to corrosion, deterioration and disrepair, we erode the fabric of
our neighborhoods and communities. Building restoration has

Restoration is about craftsmanship

It requires thoughtful planning, skill, knowledge and ability. But it also takes passion and
appreciation for the legacy we leave for the future; a perspective that includes the
important relationship between buildings, their inhabitants and the environment.

Restoration is responsible and sustainable stewardship of our resources.

The urgency for sustainability and preservation of our natural resources grows daily.
What can be more sustainable than restoring an existing building? When a building is
restored we keep waste out of landfills and make responsible use of existing resources.
By restoring rather than demolishing, we leave the built environment better than we
found it, using our resources wisely for today’s needs while being mindful of the needs of
future generations.

Restoration utilizes existing infrastructure. It preserves the equity invested in buildings

such as embodied energy, labor, money and emotion. It presents us with the opportunity
to make an important and significant impact on the built world that enhances the quality
of life.
 National Historic Commission of the Philippines
(Historic Preservation Division)

The process of Architectural Restoration

Outline of the process
1. Inventory – first of all, know what extant heritage structures there are at hand.
Initial steps such as the survey and cataloguing of all the prospective structures
should be undertaken. By using the established criteria for the identification of
historic structures, it could be determined which among the structures would
qualify to be monuments, historic landmarks and shrine.
2. Is restoration necessary? - Next evaluate all the values of the subject. Then,
establish priorities which structures really need restoration work. Some of the
structures may need just static repairs and/ or maintenance. The architect/
restorer can be able to diagnose quickly the present conditions even without
going into the details. The manifestations on the building’s appearance will be
sufficient to establish a quick judgment. This process consists our preliminary
survey.
3. Declaration as monument – when the subject is evaluated to be in need of
restoration or conversation, as what our preliminary survey would tell use, it is
recommended for declaration as a cultural good or monument under legislation.
The worse the condition of the structure, the more urgently the government
should act on its safeguarding, legislation is an important tool of the restorer in
order that the values of the monument can be preserved.
4. Planning stage – now, the next steps for its restoration are planned according to
the individual characteristics and actual conditions of the monument:
a) Identification of all the existing problems directly or indirectly relating to
the monument to serve as a further guide in the following phases of our
work;
b) Research and survey – it is important to know the past and present
conditions of the edifice. During the research, gather as much data as
possible regarding:
1) Its historical background which will include information on who
built it, when, how; with what materials, where they came from;
what equipment were employed; how long it took to build; the
uses of the building; changes or additions made; activities of
restoration or maintenance; past and present ownerships; etc;
2) Its geographical, topographical, climatic data;
3) Its architectural features, qualities and typology;
4) Its structural features and the logic of its structures’
 5) Its environmental values like approaches, gardens, trees, other
buildings in the vicinity, road, pavements, pathways, vista points,
etc.;
6) The social and economic conditions in the area; and
7) The political structure of the locality.
During the survey the following activities should be included:
1) Surveying the structural condition of the edifice;
2) Measuring the existing edifice and the adjacent areas;
3) Photographing and making graphic representation of the existing
structures and the site.
c) Analysis and evaluation of the data gathered. This includes the review
and study of all the information for the formulation of schemes and
proposals.
d) Relation of the schemes and proposals for intervention – schemes and
proposal must be presented and be debated so as to come up with the
best solutions that will benefit everyone. For the government, it means
good accomplishment and good economy; and for the users, it means the
results would serve all the purposes of the planned goals; and for the
restorer, a satisfactory job that would safeguard all the values of the
monument.
5. Approval of the scheme (solution) – the final scheme which is agreed upon to
be the most feasible should then be approved along with the proposed budget
and other resource allocations.
6. Actual intervention work – the architect/ restorer shall be the project manager
of the work. Works shall be done by experienced professionals who understand
the complex job of restoring. Good coordination work is necessary. At times,
when it is necessary, field training is conducted by the architect/ restorer to
ensure all requirements are met. Other experts and professionals who work with
the architect are chemists, laboratory technicians, engineers, researchers and
other qualified personnel directly involved in the project.
Restoration is a very complex and critical undertaking. Attention must be
given to the important details of the work. Unlike modern construction, restoration
work deals with important historical buildings and structures which require utmost
care. The use of the latest methods and techniques of modern technologies are
encouraged to deal with present and futures problems and to simplify the work.

7. Documentation and publication – documentation is a very important part of the

restoration process. All the records from the inventory to the completion of the
work will be the historical and scientific files of the monument and will be the
basis for future plans for restoration
 Publication of a book relation information on researches and surveys made,
the problems encountered, the analyses, the proposals and the methods and
techniques employed, is a must for use in future references, scientific studies,
historical researches, academic studies in universities, etc.
8. The new use and the maintenance of the restored edifice –
Besides protection of the physical, historical and cultural values of the
monument, the reuse factor is also equally important in restoration. The urban or
environmental value must also be lifted or maintained because restoration is
also. Rehabilitation in a sense that restoring aims to fit the monument in its
modern setting.
The job does not end after restoration. The international code for restoration
recommends that restored monuments require good maintenance program, for a
monument restored and maintained well is good economics and good
administration and a guarantee for the continued existence of the edifice.

Standards for Restoration

1. Restoration is defined as the act or process of accurately depicting the form, features,
and character of a property as it appeared at a particular period of time by means of the
removal of features from other periods in its history and reconstruction of missing
features from the restoration period. The limited and sensitive upgrading of mechanical,
electrical, and plumbing systems and other code-required work to make properties
functional is appropriate within a restoration project.

A. A property will be used as it was historically or be given a new use which reflects the
property’s restoration period.

B. Materials and features from the restoration period will be retained and preserved. The
removal of materials or alteration of features, spaces, and spatial relationships that
characterize the period will not be undertaken.

C. Each property will be recognized as a physical record of its time, place, and use.
Work needed to stabilize, consolidate and conserve materials and features from the
restoration period will be physically and visually compatible, identifiable upon close
inspection, and properly documented for future research.

D. Materials, features, spaces, and finishes that characterize other historical periods will
be documented prior to their alteration or removal.

E. Distinctive materials, features, finishes, and construction techniques or examples of

craftsmanship that characterize the restoration period will be preserved.
F. Deteriorated features from the restoration period will be repaired rather than replaced.
Where the severity of deterioration requires replacement of a distinctive feature, the new
feature will match the old in design, color, texture, and, where possible, materials.

G. Replacement of missing features from the restoration period will be substantiated by

documentary and physical evidence. A false sense of history will not be created by
adding conjectural features, features from other properties, or by combining features that
never existed together historically.

H. Chemical or physical treatments, if appropriate, will be undertaken using the gentlest

means possible. Treatments that cause damage to historic materials will not be used.

I. Archeological resources affected by a project will be protected and preserved in place.

If such resources must be disturbed, mitigation measures will be undertaken.

J. Designs that were never executed historically will not be constructed.

Techniques: “involved in the restoration of historic structures”

“Technique” is the restoration process itself applied to the preservation of architectural

monuments. It is the bottom line of the above; ideal restoration flow chart. Techniques
are actual applied operations which emanate from an accepted restoration methodology.
By methodology, it is meant the working program or procedures to follow in conserving
the object. Methodology likewise, should evolve from universally accepted restoration
principle/s conforming to the existing philosophical values or ideology of the people.
Methodologies emanate from conservation principles, the fundamental guidelines in
formulating conservation methodologies. The very basic restoration principle is that we
do not restore the monument, but we restore the materials of the monument, which
clearly indicates that the object of restoration is preservation. However, there is a
popular idea which defines restoration as restoring the object to its original state. This is
a misconception. No one could ever restore or bring back an object to its original state. It
is quite obvious;

Basically the ideology of conservation is: that these historical and cultural object are our
treasures; they give us our national identity and civic pride, and a sense of belonging.
Our cultural heritage provides the backbone for development. Therefore, we have the
responsibility to preserve and protect them, and transmit them to the future generations
in their fullest authenticity.

Two types of Restoration Techniques:

Dynamic Restoration – (quasi-restoration) preserving the object without direct
intervention on its materials; has something to do with preventing or avoiding agents of
degradation of the object’s fabric, function, form (appearance), intrinsic values and
attributes.

Static Restoration – (the true restoration) preserving the object by direct intervention on
its materials, e.g.: light mechanical and chemical cleaning of stone and masonry walls;
injection of epoxy grout.

Example of Dynamic Restoration:

Dynamic restoration deals with practical or logical solutions to preserve cultural artifacts
without directly or physically touching them. The restoration principle which states “the
least intervention is the best conservation”, conveys to us the very concept of protecting
our heritage for posterity.

Anastylosis – reconstruction (partial) by reassembly of fallen fragments or elements,

while introducing substitute materials for missing elements, usually with unnoticeable
differences, e.g.: the Parthenon temple at acropolis in Athens.
Adaptive reuse- continued usage of the building; converting buildings or parts thereof for
renewed uses, e.g.: the Malvar-fule mansion converted to Philam Life insurance co.
Branch office.

Substitution – replacing original object with a replica, and preserving and transferring
the original in a safe place to ensure its preservation, e.g.: The Spoliarium at the national
museum was replicated and displayed at the Juan Luna shrine in Badoc, Ilocos Norte.

Relocation – removal and transfer of an object from a hazardous location to a safe

place, only for justifiable reasons, e.g.: The Carriedo fountain at the sta. Mesa Rotonda
was transferred to the MWSS compound in Diliman; The Abu Simbel rock-cut tomb in
Egypt was relocated to a higher place because of the expected water rising due to the
construction of the Ashwan dam.

Total protection shed – provision of an enclosing structure to the old structure in order
to protect the latter from direct exposure to/ elements, e.g.: the ermita chapel ruin in
Dumangas, , Iloilo was preserved and provided with concrete covering instead of
reconstructing or building on top of the ruins which will take away its authenticity; the
archaeological site of the terra cotta army in china was excavated, artifacts found were
treated and placed back at their respective places they were found in the excavation.
The site was converted as a museum, and was provided with protective covering and
viewing platforms for the spectators.

Traces of time – showing or leaving the traces of various periods on the face object,
with the intention of relating its history and authenticity; e.g. The walls of Paete church
shows different types of stones and masonry blocks indicating the damages wrought by
terrible earthquakes; The Aguinaldo shrine in Cavite is a fully developed edifice
orchestrated by Aguinaldo himself, and which features valid contributions of different
periods in the history of the building complex.

Projection of extant features (half-restoration – partial reconstruction (like anastylosis)

which is intended to indicate a virtual reality of the complete original structure of what the
oject was ( this is done to minimize the addition of new structures which may add new
stresses that are detrimental to the preservation of the remaining authentic structures;
also done to faithfully interpret the monument’s history ), e.g., the protruding log dowels
which attempt to project that there used to be log posts in those positions at Ermita
chapel in Dumangas, Iloilo.

Integration of modern structures – introduction of new structures and partial

transformation – must be in harmony with the old, and requires unifying elements or
transitional devices, e.g., the additional two-storey structure on the city hall of manila.

Provision of a buffer zone – a monument or historical site can be better protected by

providing a peripheral area or device which serves as a shield against agents of
deterioration, e.g., the golf course area around the Intramuros.

Note: full reconstruction, renovations, refurbishment and recycling are not considered
true or ideal restoration processes since their objective does not really come close to
preservation which is the object of restoration. Although, for some justifiable and
exceptional intentions, these actions may deem necessary to undertake in order to
provide clearer interpretation of history and culture, as what have been done for extant
structures. These would depend on the existing value system of the concerned.

Examples of Static Restoration:

Static restoration techniques deal with the scientific side of intervention on the
monument in order to arrest and control degradation; and prolong the monument’s life
span. Modern technology does not necessarily mean better solution to the complex
restoration undertaking, and it is not absolutely better solution to the complex restoration
undertaking, and it is not absolutely better than traditional practices. However, we can
resort to employing new technologies to simplify the work, or as a substitute measure for
specific problems. Whereas, the traditional techniques passed on to us by our
forefathers, some of these still being practiced and developed, have been proven
appropriate for old structures, and therefore, preferred. Although specific applications
may warrant the use of both technologies side by side, it is our opportunity to find new
ways of better preserving our historical artifacts, and at the same time adapting them to
our modern requirements. In any intervention involving traditional and modern
technologies however, it should be reversible. Large monuments or sites if possible
should only be limited to partial intervention, since there is a possibility for minor or major
errors in the process, and it will give future restorers a better chance of applying
improved and more appropriate method of intervention for the rest of the remaining parts
of the monument.

Cleaning – either by chemical or mechanical means, cleaning is a simple and traditional

technique of preservation

Isolation of structure – one is by freeing the structure of external stresses by making it

independent from and adjacent structure which physically affects it, while another is by
providing an interfacing device between, adjacent structures to act as neutral or
equalizing joint, e.g., the new steel trusses of Miagao church were provided with a hinge
at one end in order to absorb or neutralize the effect of lateral structural movements.

Restructuring/ strengthening – (structural consolidation) old structures, if found weak,

damaged or inappropriate to serve their intended reuse functions, could be restored by
introducing new, different or additional supports to the existing, e.g., inserting additional
floor joist at the mid-section of existing joists span; clamping the wall and buttress
together to restore the wall’s original strength .

Repair and replacement of elements – another simple and commonly practiced

technique in extending the life and use of old structures is by correcting the defects and
damages by partial removal of affected elements and direct replacement using like
materials and method of construction.

Material consolidation – is restoring the original physical strength, capabilities or

qualities of the material as it was in its original state, e.g., restoring the line content of the
stone; restoring the hardness or stiffness of a wooden post (consolidation is to material,
while restructuring is to structure)
Combining old and new materials – since there are limitations to our extracting of
valuable natural resources limitations to our extracting of valuable natural resources for
materials, and the shortage in skilled labor ideally intended for restoring monuments,
resorting to the use of modern materials and technologies can provide practical answers
to our restoration needs, the concept is to prepare new materials with same physical or
structural qualities so that when combining it with the old, their union would still believe
and respond in unity as it does originally

Substituting modern structures – (not simulation) original replacements may not be

possible anymore due to shortage or obsolescence. Then substituting new components
or elements in place of traditional ones may present better solutions to existing
problems, like substituting lightweight construction to relieve old ones of additional
stresses.

Preventive maintenance – is first-aid measure to avoid further and larger damage.

Usually, plain human occupancy would provide the necessary daily care and attention
on the upkeep of old structures. Cleaning, minor repair works, touch-up’s and light
chores are best to maintain the physical status of old buildings.
B. EXAMPLES
FAMOUS RESTORED HISTORIC BUILDINGS
Stonehenge (Wiltshire, England)
Built between 3000 and 2000 BC in the middle of a complex system of Neolithic and
Bronze Age monuments, Stonehenge is thought to have been built using animal bones
as a burial site. According to a recent article by The Telegraph, although Stonehenge is
undeniably impressive as one of the world’s most well-known prehistoric man-made
structures, it was not all impressive craftsmanship as we might expect.

Historian Professor Ronald Hutton says that the site could in fact be interpreted as “a
unique and possibly failed experiment” where a group of individuals used huge stones
as though they were wood and gave up halfway after a stone broke and they simply
placed the two halves back on top of two vertical stones with a lintel in the middle.
Inevitably, it soon fell off and was left as it was. In 1901, the first restoration of
Stonehenge begun with rectifying a sloping rock and scientific digs showing how the
structure worked. Stonehenge remains one of the most important heritage sites in the
world and laid the foundation for human building.

(A lintel of the outer circle is (Richard Atkinson (right) pointing

lifted into place in 1958.) out work needed at) Stonehenge.
The Great Sphinx of Giza (Giza, Egypt)

One of the most impressive sights of the ancient Egyptian cities, The Great Sphinx is a
stunning structure with a length of 240 feet. This limestone statue in Giza was first built
to join pyramids in the fourth dynasty about 4,500 years ago. The feature was allegedly
created for the pharaoh Khafra out of 200-tonne stone blocks quarried from the
enclosure of the sphinx in around 2,500 BC. From 1988 to 1998, a restoration project
was put underway to restore the Sphinx to its former greatness costing $2.5 million. Now
it stands among the pyramids as a marker of the amazing ancient civilizations of history
preceding and often proving as impressive as modern infrastructure.

Parthenon (Athens, Greece)

(Possibly the most significant monument of ancient Greece, the Parthenon is situated on
the Acropolis in Athens. Local Builders began work in 447 BC when Athens was at the
peak of its power, and was completed by 438 BC, with decorations been added until 432
BC. It was originally built as a temple for the goddess Athena, who was believed to look
over the people of Athens every day. The temple remained at its best until the 5th
century AD. Although now the Parthenon is partially in ruins, it is undergoing selective
restorations to maintain the hugely culturally important structure in its intended form. The
monument remains a symbol of ancient Athenian democracy, ingenuity and modern
western civilization.
Colosseum (Rome, Italy)

A favorite of tourists across the world, Rome’s Colosseum has incontrovertible

importance in the modern world. This Flavian Amphitheater is the largest Roman
amphitheater and was opened initially in 80 AD under the rule of Emperor Vespasian’s
successor, Titus. It consists of three levels and an upper gallery for Roman nobility, and
was first used to display gladiatorial combat to the people of the city. The venue seated
up to 80,000 spectators in the center of Rome. Many other social spectacles were
hosted in the Colosseum, such as animal hunts, mock sea battles, and classical
mythological theatre. By the early medieval period, this iconic Roman structure was
instead used for housing, workshops, and quarters for a religious order, a fortress, a
quarry, and even a Christian shrine! Italian authorities have recently given the go-ahead
for an exciting restoration to prevent the building from decay.

The Colosseum in Rome with restore works in progress on the facade. The
Colosseum or Coliseum, also known as the Flavian Amphitheatre in Rome, Italy on
June 24, 2015.
Restored Historic Buildings in the Philippines:

Nielson Tower (Makati City)

Many of Manila’s heritage structures have sadly been demolished to give way to modern
use. In September 2014 alone, two historic landmarks—the Art Deco Michel Apartments
and the Admiral Hotel— both met the wrecking ball. While the future of Manila’s few
heritage sites may look grim, it’s worth taking a look at how the renovation and
restoration of these structures can also be beneficial in this day and age

-In the 1930s, the L. R. Nielson & Company made a government proposal to build an
airport. Enrique Zóbel de Ayala, who got wind of the plans, put forth his parcel of land
called Hacienda San Pedro de Macati and in July 1937, the Nielson Airport was
inaugurated. The airport was the first in Luzon, and the biggest and best-equipped in
Asia during its time. After years of operation, the airport relocated to Villamor Air Base
and most of the Nielson Field eventually became what we now know as Ayala and
Paseo de Roxas—save for the passenger terminal and control tower.In the years after,
the historical two-story structure also became a police detachment, Ayala Corporation’s
offices, a club–restaurant, and the home of the Filipinas Heritage Library . Today, the
Nielson Tower is the location of Chef Colin Mackay’s aviation themed restaurant
Blackbird.
Manila Army and Navy Club (Ermita, Manila)

William E. Parsons’ Army and Navy Club was the center of Manila’s social life when it
opened in 1911. During the Second World War, it was occupied by Japanese forces who
used the building as a bomb shelter. Though it survived the war, the heritage building’s
state began to decline shortly after. By the ‘90s and late 2000s, the building was
declared a National Historic Landmarkwith hopes of a renovation. Nearly a decade later,
the hotel reopened as the Rizal Park Hotel. The 110-room, five-star
hotel and casino is operated by Oceanville Hotel and Spa Corporation.
Luneta Hotel (Ermita, Manila)

First opened in 1918, the Salvador Farre-designed Luneta Hotel was where Manila’s top
society figures and several foreign dignitaries would cumulate. The hotel was known for
its rich breakfasts and luncheons, and has been referred to as pleasant and romantic by
Dwight Eisenhower. After the war, the hotel switched ownership several times until it
was derelict. Plans were made to renovate the dilapidated hotel which only came to
fruition in the mid-2000s. In 2014, the Luneta Hotel reopened after over seven years of
restoration.

Casa Tesoro (Ermita, Manila)

Originally built as a vacation house in the then-wealthy enclave of Ermita, Casa Tesoro
has served as a soldier’s headquarters, post office, spa, nightclub, and various offices. It
currently houses 1335MABINI, a contemporary art gallery that features “concepts of
autonomy in globalization, correlating local and international artists to articulate
synergies from this association of individuals.”
St. Anne Parish (Piddig, Ilocos Norte)

After shutting its door for more than four years, the 209-year-old St. Anne Parish in
Piddig, Ilocos Norte province is ready to open again for church services.
The old church was decommissioned as engineering experts from the National
Commission for Culture and the Arts (NCCA) declared it unfit for occupancy, with its
wooden trusses heavily deteriorated and its foundation weakened.

Recognized as one of the oldest churches in the province, which forms part of the
colorful history of the Piddig Basi Revolt in 1807, the National Historical Commission of
the Philippines (NHCP) initially funded its restoration and rehabilitation worth PHP50
million. It was March 22 last year when the restoration works started.
Ranjo said it took about two years for restoration experts to study the structure and the
materials used to determine the best way to approximate the original design and
makeup of the church.For Piddig residents, the upcoming re-opening of the church is an
"answered prayer". Piddig residents built the church for the Augustinian friars in 1810.
Piddig, 21 kilometers from this capital city, was a former “visita” (a community with a
chapel) of neighboring Dingras town. In 1798, Piddig was established as a town.
New York Public Library (New York, USA)

The New York Public Library turns 100 years old this year, and now that a three year,
$50 million dollar restoration is complete, it can celebrate in gleaming high style.
The Stephen A. Schwarzman Building was completed in 1911, and was instantly lauded
as a Beaux Arts masterpiece and an emblem of American populism. What would have
been a fit abode for royalty in Europe in the United States was a library, a public palace
open to all. New York City is hard on marble, though, and over the years the facade
began to deteriorate, more so than people realized until conservators assessed the
structure before restoration began.
A survey of the building’s condition by [architectural firm Wiss, Janney, Elstner
Associates] in preparation for the Centennial revealed severe deterioration and soiling of
the façade, particularly in areas such as the Corinthian column capitals, lion head
keystones and scroll modillions. The survey also revealed roof damage, severe
oxidization of the building’s bronze doors and window casings, and cracking, surface
loss and other problems with the sculptures, including the six colossal figures by Paul
Wayland Bartlett over the columns, and the two fountains by sculptor Frederick
MacMonnies, who also carved the Washington Square Park Arch and the Nathan Hale
statue in City Hall Park.
Actual restoration began in 2008. Repairs included installing over 2,000 individually
carved marble stones – called dutchmen – to replace damaged pieces of the façade.
These replaced elements – such as the noses and chins of the lion head keystones –
were carved by Master Stone Carver Shi-Hia Chen of B & H Art-In-Architecture Limited.
All of the sculptures – originally carved by a series of famous artists – were repaired
under the watchful eye of Mark Rabinowitz at Conservation Solutions, the fine art
conservation consultant.
All told, over 7,000 instances of deterioration in the 150,000-square-foot façade were
repaired, including 1,000 cracks sealed, 900 marble balustrades repaired, 350 bronze
windows restored, as were the roof and the bronze doors. The Vermont marble of the
entire façade was cleaned, using 200 gallons of concentrated soap. As NYPL President
Paul LeClerc puts it, now it “gleams like an alabaster palace.”
D. LONG TERM RECOMMENDATIONS & SOLUTIONS
The Better Solution: A Holistic Approach and a Comprehensive Strategy

It’s a simple premise: look at the entire picture, past, present and future. For the building
envelope to function properly and be sustainable, it is critical that all conditions are
examined and all questions answered. Every project requires a unique set of solutions.
Successful repair combines knowledge and experience with a comprehensive strategy
that dovetails with the right compatible products and the most effective methods.

Material science is rapidly evolving, with constant technological advancements as well

as changes to meet new regulations and performance requirements. Knowledge is
essential in order to make informed decisions and formulate the most effective
restoration strategies.

Far-Reaching Benefits:

 The performance of the structure is enhanced with improved

resistance to the elements.
 Thermal efficiency is enhanced with improved protection
against water infiltration, a prime contributor to diminished R-
values.
 Better seals prevent the passage of air and moisture,
improving interior comfort, energy efficiency and preventing
deterioration.
 Successful restoration enhances aesthetics.
 The return on investment is considerable: financial,
environmental and emotional.
 The restored building becomes an attractive asset to the
community, increasing in value and desirability.
 Safety is improved with the structural integrity of the building
and facade.

 Buildings last longer, contributing to sustainability and quality

of life.
Methods & Techniques

Joint Sealing: Building restoration is a demanding science requiring materials that bond
to a variety of substrates and in diverse conditions to provide long lasting, weatherproof
seals.

Concrete Repair: Long-lasting repair requires a sound strategy and the use of high-
performance products ranging from primers and bonding agents to engineered repair
mortars, materials should be formulated to provide sustainable repairs that restore long-
term integrity and strength to buildings and facades.

Waterproofing: Moisture penetration is one of the most critical challenges facing

buildings today. Interior or exterior, above grade or below grade, unprotected buildings
suffer from water-induced damage. Deterioration and corrosion are caused by alkalis,
salts, acids and mold.

Water Repelling: Although brick, masonry and concrete surfaces provide character to a
building, they require effective protection from the damages of wind-driven rain cycles,
and chloride ion intrusion. Water repellents maintain the original appearance of the
substrate and allow moisture vapor to escape, while sealing and protecting the concrete
and masonry for years to come.

Balcony and Traffic Coating: Balconies and parking garages represent some of the
toughest challenges in protecting a building from moisture related damage. Proper
protection requires an integrated system of materials that meet diverse application
requirements from speed to durability to aesthetics.

Wall Coating: Keeping surfaces beautiful and walls dry requires protection more
powerful than the elements. Wall Coatings must protect against moisture, carbonation or
crack bridging in line with waterproofing with improved aesthetics to enhance the value
of buildings and provide long term protection.

Corrosion Mitigation: Steel reinforced concrete is an integral part of building structures.

Unfortunately corrosion often compromises the integrity of many structures. Corrosion
control solutions are formulated to inhibit corrosion, extending the service life of buildings
and enhancing safety.

Concrete Strengthening: The effects of corrosion, physical damage or a change of use

can shorten the life of a building. Composite strengthening systems are designed for
strengthening beams, slabs, walls and columns and can cost effectively meet complex
repair challenges while delivering versatility, ease of application and long-term
performance.
Recommendations & Solutions: Luna, La Union
Subject: The Ressureccion House (Luna, La Union)
Problems: The brick walls are painted over and Old galvanized roofing
Solution:

 Cleaning: Removal of Paint off the bricks through chemical strippers and power
washing process at low pressure without damaging the bricks.

 Material consolidation: Removal of crumbled mortar due to the paint, trapping

moisture and eroding lime over time. “Repointing” a process that involves
chipping out the mortar to a depth twice the width of the joints and then installing
new mortar made with the traditional recipe.

 Restructuring/ strengthening: Replacement of the roofing of tiled roof

replicating the original materials and style of the house with structural strength.

 Repair and replacement of elements: Replicating minor elements such as

windows, doors, mouldings, fences and courtyards from the original pieces to
accurately depict the form, features, and character the house as it appeared at its
period.
Subject: The Old Parish Youth Ministry Quarters

Problems: Deteriorating brick walls, dilapidated courtyard, old doors and windows,
Rusting and unstable roof.
Solution:

 Cleaning: Removal of molds and concrete patches off from the bricks walls.
 Repointing: Replicating the original state of the bricks through careful installation
of new mortars.

 Combining old and new materials – The replication of the courtyard has to go
undergo extensive restoration since there are limitations of extracting of valuable
natural resources for materials, and the shortage in skilled labor ideally intended for
restoring monuments, resorting to the use of modern materials and technologies
can provide practical answers to our restoration needs, the concept is to prepare
new materials with same physical or structural qualities so that when combining it
with the old, their union would still believe and respond in unity as it does originally.

 Restructuring/ strengthening: Replacement of the roofing of tiled roof replicating

the original materials and style of the house with structural strength.

 Repair and replacement of elements: The doors, windows, and ceiling needs
repairing in a way of extending the life and use of old structures and by correcting
the defects and damages by partial removal of affected elements and direct
replacement using like materials and method of construction.

 Water Repelling: Although brick, masonry and concrete surfaces provide character
to a building, they require effective protection from the damages of wind-driven rain
cycles, and chloride ion intrusion. Water repellents maintain the original appearance
of the substrate and allow moisture vapor to escape, while sealing and protecting
the concrete and masonry for years to come.
 B. ASSESSED AND EVALUATED STRUCTURES IN LUNA, LA
UNION

THE RESURRECCION HOUSE

Location: Calle Real, Luna La Union

Owner: Resurreccion Brothers (Raymundo, Teodoro & Rafael Resurreccion)
Description: The house was built in 1750 and, like all Spanish colonial casas in the
province, its walls are about 24 inches thick and the doors are wide. It used to be a two-
story structure, but a fire in 1910 burned down the top floor, leaving only the thick walls
and ground floor. The owners rebuilt the roof with galvanized iron sheets and
preserved what they could of the original materials.

In 1975, the then 225-year-old house was transformed into a museum, which
Resurreccion registered with the International Councils of Museums and the National
Museum of the Philippines. The building had also sunk by more than 24 inches (2 feet)
when the road was elevated.

Problem: The paint of the house is unmaintained and the roof is old and through the
years, the more than 250 years old house has faced adversities which caused it to
degenerate and lose its identity.
 THE OLD PARISH YOUTH MINISTRY QUARTERS

Location: Namacpacan Road, Luna, 2518 La Union

Owner: Roman Catholic Diocese of San Fernand de La Union
Description: The structure is a Spanish Colonial style with thick brick walls, an elevated
entrance,a balcony and an enclosed courtyard sitting beside the Parish Church of Luna.
It was recently refurbished on some parts and was formerly used as the PYM quarters
but later vacated and remains unoccupied up until now which caused the building to
deteriorate due to lack of maintenance.

Problem: The brick walls are mossy and corroding and the courtyard was neglected and
remained as ruins. The doors and windows are old and needs to be replaced. Parts
which have undergone the recent remodeling was badly executed which caused the
building to lose its authenticity.

(Front elevation of the building where the (The stairs leading up to the
balcony is located.) buildings main entrance.)

(The enclosed courtyard situated on the left (Left face of the building
side of the building.) where the window, door and
patched brick wall can be
seen. )
E. ENCLOSURES

WHEATON CENTER |
WHEATON, IL

Problem: Years of chloride ingress

and freeze thaw degradation
resulted in deterioration that
prompted numerous surface repairs.
Many of these repairs failed,
exacerbating the original problems.

Solution: sealants, repair mortars,

corrosion protection and
waterproofing systems were used to
address the significant deficiencies
while returning the building to its
original aesthetic.

MONTGOMERY PLAZA |
FORT WORTH, TX
Problem: Built in 1928, the eight
story structure withstood flood and
tornado damage to secure its place
as a local historic icon. After years
of sitting empty, the graceful exterior
had degenerated into a leaking hulk.

Solution: sealants, water repellents

and waterproofing products were
chosen for their proven
performance, material compatibility
and local sales support and service.

TOWERS CONDOMINIUM |
VENICE, FL
Problem: Built in 1968, the seven
story structure suffered from a long
list of maladies, from waterproofing
problems to structural deficiencies.

Solution: range of repair solutions

allowed the contractor flexibility in
approaching the building’s unique
repair challenges. Repair mortars,
sealants, adhesives, corrosion
inhibitors and waterproofing
systems were used to create the
necessary structural repairs while
improving appearance and
providing long term protection.
1025 RICHMOND ROAD |
OTTAWA CANDA
Problem: harsh winters along with
the failures of previous repairs
resulting in extensive deterioration
that necessitated comprehensive
repairs to the buildings many
balconies. Many were uneven of
have negative slope, resulting in
ponding of water which contributed
to corrosion of steel reinforcing.

Solution: sealants, repair mortars,

concrete repair mortars, balcony
coatings and waterproofing systems
and wall coatings systems to
address the deficiencies while
returning the building to its original
state.

-balcony slopes where corrected,

channeling water toward the new
stainless steel drains.
-expansion joints caulked, balconies
detailed.
-balcony surfaces protected with
waterproofing membrane.

HISTORIC HOME |
NEWPORT, KENTUCKY

This three story brick home in the

Newport, Kentucky Historic
District was built in 1899 and is
on the list of Historic Structures.
Restored the brick facade and
integrated stone banding to its
original architectural distinction.

Solution: Brick and Grout

Restoration.