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    Conical Transitions

    Uploaded by

    Manoj Mulik
    This document discusses conical transitions in pressure vessels. It explains that conical sections can take different forms depending on the industrial process. The document outlines key considerations for designing conical transitions, including calculating thicknesses to withstand all loads, using knuckles to reduce stress concentrations at joins between conical and cylindrical components, and accounting for stresses induced by internal versus external pressure. The document also provides minimum points that must be considered when designing a conical transition, such as thickness calculations for different sections and reinforcement of joins.

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    Conical Transitions

    Uploaded by

    Manoj Mulik
    71 views6 pages
    This document discusses conical transitions in pressure vessels. It explains that conical sections can take different forms depending on the industrial process. The document outlines key considerations for designing conical transitions, including calculating thicknesses to withstand all loads, using knuckles to reduce stress concentrations at joins between conical and cylindrical components, and accounting for stresses induced by internal versus external pressure. The document also provides minimum points that must be considered when designing a conical transition, such as thickness calculations for different sections and reinforcement of joins.

    Original Description:

    Conical Transition Calc.

    Original Title

    Conical transitions

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    This document discusses conical transitions in pressure vessels. It explains that conical sections can take different forms depending on the industrial process. The document outlines key considerations for designing conical transitions, including calculating thicknesses to withstand all loads, using knuckles to reduce stress concentrations at joins between conical and cylindrical components, and accounting for stresses induced by internal versus external pressure. The document also provides minimum points that must be considered when designing a conical transition, such as thickness calculations for different sections and reinforcement of joins.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    71 views6 pages

    Conical Transitions

    Uploaded by

    Manoj Mulik
    This document discusses conical transitions in pressure vessels. It explains that conical sections can take different forms depending on the industrial process. The document outlines key considerations for designing conical transitions, including calculating thicknesses to withstand all loads, using knuckles to reduce stress concentrations at joins between conical and cylindrical components, and accounting for stresses induced by internal versus external pressure. The document also provides minimum points that must be considered when designing a conical transition, such as thickness calculations for different sections and reinforcement of joins.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 6

    Conical transitions are really usual in several industrial sectors so that people minimally

    related to design or manufacturing of pressure vessels are used to deal with them. The
    shape or these conical sections is mainly imposed by the process in which vessel is
    immersed. In order to satisfy properly the process needs, the conical part could take
    different forms. The principal classification criterion is established by the external
    configuration of the cone, which could be either concentric or eccentric, as it is shown as
    follows.
    It should be reminded that this conical element must be calculated to ensure that it
    withstands all loads to which it will be subjected throughout its useful life, including
    manufacturing, transport, pressure vessel lifting up to its service location, operation and
    subsequent discommissioning activities. Based on calculation, designer could determine
    that the thicknesses of the involved components that have been firstly considered are
    insufficient, so designer will have to strengthen the affected zone. For this, the most
    commonly implemented solutions consist of increasing the thickness of the conical section
    or cylindrical element attached to it, considering stiffening rings, establishing knuckles for
    join between conical and cylindrical parts or combining several of them.

    Whenever the target of a conical transition involves to give continuity between two
    cylindrical elements in a pressure vessel, it can be easily seen that the junction between
    each cylinder and the cone will cause an abrupt discontinuity in the configuration of the
    pressure retaining boundary which entails a consequent stress concentration and an
    unbalanced force at the join, unless this undesired effect is somehow attenuated. For this
    purpose, at the junctions between cylindrical and conical components, a knuckle will be
    used. This knuckle reduces, as far as possible, the change in the shape of boundary and
    therefore the existing stresses will be lowered as well. The more the numerical value or the
    knuckles increases, the more the affecting stresses decrease.
    The effect achieved by these knuckles is, as expected, inversely related to the needs to
    implement thicknesses increments or to add stiffening rings because of the reduction in
    stress level, as mentioned above. In practice, other secondary variables should be taken into
    account, such as constructive possibilities, the manufacturing schedule or the derived
    economic cost before choosing the definitive solution. There is talk of secondary variables
    since the pressure vessel structural integrity will always be more important than any other
    considerations, especially to vessels that must withstand high pressure, really high or low
    temperatures or with fatigue behavior where is strongly recommended to avoid high
    stresses due to geometric discontinuities so that knuckles are the most advisable solution.

    Regarding the premises to be taken into account to develop the convenient calculations of
    this kind of pressure vessels, it should be noted that the join between cone and cylinder at
    the large diameter side, when it is affected by internal pressure, must withstands, usually,
    compression effect. Likewise, the cone-cylinder join at small diameter side, affected by
    internal pressure, must withstands, usually, tension effect. Nevertheless, if internal pressure
    is exchanged for external, the large end side will be affected, generally, by a tension effect
    while the small end side, by one of compression. An additional comment should be
    considered in relation to vertical pressure vessels calculation and its conical transition
    during transport and subsequent lifting, since these vertical vessels are usually transported
    horizontally and then lifted to their service location from horizontal position. In no case
    should this process be overlooked in calculation development and the designer has to
    ensure the structural integrity of the entire equipment, especially considering the conical
    part. Considering the calculation method, regardless of the code used, ASME VIII, EN 13445
    or AD Merkblatter, the design requirements are similar and, therefore, the obtained results
    as well.

    At least the following points must be taken into account to design a conical transition:

     Small diameter shell: thickness calculation required by internal and/or external


    pressures effect.
     Conical section: thickness calculation required by internal and/or external pressures
    effect.
     Large diameter shell: thickness calculation required by internal and/or external
    pressures effect.
     Cone-cylinder joins: required reinforcement calculation.
     Knuckles (if any): determination of requirements in order to avoid overstresses.
    From the manufacturing point of view, it is necessary to bear in mind that the stress
    concentration, as mentioned above, in the area of junction between the cone and the
    adjacent elements could be increased its harmful effect because of an improper alignment
    in the welding between both components. If the conical transition has knuckles, which is
    widely preferred in industry, the circumferential seams that attach the cone to other
    elements are located outside the zone of geometric discontinuities and this arrangement
    causes a better alignment in the weld joint. It should be noted that a conical section with
    knuckles implemented is a more expensive solution. Regarding a method to manufacture
    the knuckles, these could be obtained from portions of elliptical or spherical heads that
    have the same thickness and shape as required. Often knuckles are manufactured in the
    form of toroidal rings which have the same thickness as conical part.

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