Shell Petroleum Development Company of Nigeria

PIPING FABRICATION PLAN

Project Gbaran Phase 3B – Uzu with CPF Upgrade Project

Originating Company CICO Construction & Leasing Company Limited
Document Title Basic Design and Engineering Package
Document Number UZU-SEDO-GEN-AA7739-00001
Document Revision R01
Document Status Approved for Tender
Originator / Author Ugochukwu Onyejido.
Security Classification Restricted
ECCN EAR 99
Issue Date 15 July 2020

Rev # Date of Status Description Originator Checker Approver

Issue

R01 15 July. Issued for Tender U. Onyejido K. Atueyi.

2020

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Restricted
ECCN: EAR 99 Deminimus
This document is made available subject to the condition that the recipient will neither use nor
disclose the contents except as agreed in writing with the copyright owner. Copyright is vested
in Shell Petroleum Development Company Ltd. © All rights reserved.
Neither the whole nor any part of this document may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by
any means (electronic, mechanical, reprographic, recording or otherwise) without the prior written
consent of the copyright owner

ADDITIONAL AGREEMENT/APPROVAL RECORD

Party Ref Indicator Name Sign Date

Revision
Philosophy:
a. All FEED documents for review shall be issued at R01, with subsequent R02, R03,
etc as required.
b. All documents approved for issue, or approved for design shall be issued at A01 with
subsequent A02, A03, etc. as required. (Management of Change is required for
A02, A03, etc.)
c. All Detailed Design documents for review shall be issued at D01, with subsequent D02,
D03, etc. as required.
d. All documents approved for construction shall be issued at C01 with subsequent C02,
C03, etc. as required. (Management of Change is required for C02, C03, etc.)
e. All approved “As Built” documents shall be issued at Z01, with subsequent Z02, Z03, etc. as
required. (Management of Change is required for Z02, Z03, etc.)

Revision History
Rev No Date of issue Reason for Issue / Change

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

1.0 INTRODUCTION 4
2.0 SCOPE OF WORK 4
3.0 REFERENCE DOCUMENTS 5
3.1 CODE AND STANDARDS 5
4.0 DEFINITION AND ABBREVIATIONS 5
5.0 FABRICATION ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE 6
5.1 PRODUCTION ENGINEERING AND METHOD (PEMT) 6
5.2 WORKSHOP SUPERINTENDENT 6
5.3 QUALITY CONTROL 6
5.4 HSE OFFICER 6
6.0 PIPING FABRICATION PROCEDURE 7
6.1 GENERAL 7
6.2 MATERIAL PREPARATION 7
6.3 CUTTING AND MARKING 7
6.4 MACHINING (BEVELING, TRIMMING, THREADING, DRILLING) 8
6.5 FIT UP/ASSEMBLY 8
6.6 DIMENSIONAL CONTROL/FIT UP INSPECTION 8
6.7 WELDING AND VISUAL WELD CONTROL 9
7.0 NON DESTRUCTIVE TESTING (X-RAY) 9
7.1 POST WELD HEAT TREATMENT (IF REQUIRED) 9
7.2 HARDNESS TEST (IF REQUIRED) 10
7.3 HYDROSTATIC TEST 10
7.4 PIPELINE EXTERNAL COATING 10
7.5 OTHER TREATMENT (IF REQUIRED) 10
7.5.1.1 MECHANICAL CLEANING 10
7.6 STORAGE OF FABRICATED PIPE 11
7.7 HANDLING OF PIPE PIPES 11
7.8 HSE REQUIREMENT FOR FABRICATION PHASE. 11
7.9 WORKSHOP PREPARATION, STORAGE AND HANDLING 13
7.10 CUTTING, MARKING, MACHINING AND ASSEMBLY 13
7.11 DIMENSIONAL CONTROL, WELDING, VISUAL WELD CONTROL 14

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7.12 NON DESTRUCTIVE TESTING (X-RAY) 14
7.13 PWHT AND HARDNESS TEST 14
7.14 HYDROSTATIC TEST 14
7.15 PRESERVATION 14

1.0 INTRODUCTION
This detailed Fabrication Plan is written to minimize on-site fabrication, testing and commissioning
of piping pipe for Gbaran Phase 3B – Uzu with CPF Upgrade Project.

2.0 SCOPE OF WORK

CONTRACTOR scope of work includes verification of the FEED package, Detailed
Engineering Design, testing of materials and equipment, construction and installation, pre-
commissioning, commissioning and handover of all the facilities that form the PERMANENT
WORK as described in this Section V – Scope of Work. CONTRACTOR shall also prepare as-
built drawings and documents that are required for the operation and maintenance of the
completed WORK. The relevant design and engineering specifications, UFS, PEFS, drawings
are enclosed in Section X – Technical Information:
Uzu-1 manifold to Uzu-2 manifold (Zarama 8-11 manifold location)
1. Installation of 16 -inch x 8km carbon steel bulkline starting from the first flange,
upstream of the insulating joint at the pig launcher at the Uzu – 1 Manifold and terminates at the
first flange downstream of the insulating joint at the pig receiver at the Uzu-2 (Zarama 8-11)
manifold location, as shown on the PEFS in Section X - Technical Information. The scope shall
include all pipeline related WORK along the pipeline route,
including the Cathodic protection system, pipeline markers, as detailed in the project specifications
in Section X –
Technical Information.
2. Design, procurement and installation/termination of discrete 24-core single mode FOC
from Uzu-1 NAG Manifold FAR to the WHCP and field instruments. Uzu-2 (Zarama 8-11)
manifold location to CPF
3. Installation of 16 -inch x 10km carbon steel bulkline starting from the first flange, upstream of
the insulating joint at the pig launcher at the Uzu – 2 Manifold (Zarama 8-11) manifold location
and terminates at the first flange downstream of the insulating joint at the pig receiver at the
Gbaran CPF, as shown on the PEFS in Section X - Technical Information.
4. The scope shall include all pipeline related WORK along the pipeline route, including the
Cathodic protection system, pipeline markers, as detailed in the project specifications in Section X
– Technical Information. Zarama Oil manifold to Zarama 15 location
5. Design, procurement and installation/termination of discrete 48-core single mode FOC
from Zarama Oil manifold to Zarama 15 location

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 6. Design, procurement and installation of all junction boxes and termination and splicing materials
for the FOC.

This plan covers the basis for material traceability and fabrication work for pipes prefabricated
in the workshop provided with pipe drawing. The plan is to provide guidelines on general
working procedure and operative method for conducting piping fabrication work.

3.0 REFERENCE DOCUMENTS

3.1 CODE AND STANDARDS

Piping fabrication shall be in accordance with latest edition of the following international codes and
standards:

ASME B16.5 Pipes Flange and Flanged Fittings

ASME B16.9 Factory – Made Wrought Butt-welding Fittings

ASME B31.3 ASME Code for Process Piping

DEP 31.38.01.31-Gen. Shop and Field Fabrication of Piping

DEP 30.10.60.18-Gen. Welding of Metals (Amendment/Supplements to

API RP 582)
DEP 31.40.30.31-Gen. Pipeline External Coating.

(UZU-SEDO-GEN-RA7754-00002) DEP on Concrete Coating,

(UZU-SEDO-GEN-LA0510-00001) Pipeline Stability Analysis

4.0 DEFINITION AND ABBREVIATIONS

CONTRACTOR CICO Construction & Leasing Company Limited

COMPANY/CLIENT Shell Petroleum Development Company Limited

PROJECT Gbaran Phase 3B – Uzu with CPF Upgrade Project

NDE/NDT Non Destructive Examination/Non Destructive Testing

PEMT Production Engineering and Method

PWHT Post Weld Heat Treatment

ISO Drawing A drawing used for pipes fabrication, detailed with all information
necessary or all fabrication works.

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WPS Welding Procedure Specification

5.0 FABRICATION ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE

5.1 PRODUCTION ENGINEERING AND METHOD (PEMT)

PEMT is responsible to verify the completeness and correctness of the piping isometrics
drawings and the pipe drawing which shall be used as a reference for the fabrication operation.
PEMT also responsible to issue out material take off for material preparation purpose.

5.2 WORKSHOP SUPERINTENDENT

Workshop Superintendent is responsible to ensure that all the piping fabrication activity are
conducted as per approved procedure, achieve desired quality as per required by spec/client
expectation. Prepare and execute detailed schedule and manpower planning to achieve master
schedule by Project Management Team.

5.3 QUALITY CONTROL

Welding Inspector is responsible to check correctness of the assembled pipe pipes against the
ISO drawings dimensionally, to ensure the end result of weld joint is within acceptance range of
the specification, to arrange for Client Inspection (if required) and arranging NDT work.
Welding Inspector responsible to arrange any kind of test/examination as per required by
spec/code such as PMI (Positive Material Identification), etc.

5.4 HSE OFFICER

 He shall cascade and ensure that all HSE requirements in the construction HSE plan is being
followed in the fabrication workshop.
 Cascade the SPDC 12 life saving rules to the work force.
 Conduct regular inspections inside the fabrication workshop.
 Ensure that the Toolbox Talk and JSA processes are being carried out correctly.
 Be familiar with and ensure that Project HSE Requirements and Work Permit Procedures are
followed.
 Monitors and reports all Safety/environmental concerns on their job sites
 Conducts daily inspections of each job site assigned to them.
 Monitors subcontractors’ safety and environmental activities for project compliance especially
in consistent use of PPE and proper housekeeping.
 Maintains and monitors employees log register in the workshop.
 Carries out random safety/environmental inspections

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  Assists in investigation and reports.
 Stops any unsafe or environmentally non-compliant act observed
 Have the right to intervene and stop any unsafe work condition and disseminate information to
Site HSE Supervisor or HSE Manager when required.

6.0 PIPING FABRICATION PROCEDURE

6.1 GENERAL
The pipe fabrication drawing may be used to record all QA/QC requirements (eg material traceability,
heat number, NDT, Weld Map, welder/fitter identification etc) and accompany the pipe along the
entire fabrication process.
Method for workshop progress tracking and material traceability other than above can be used, such
as using a Work Progress Sheet and/or Welding Follow Up Sheet. Final record of workshop progress
reporting has to be compiled using a dedicated software.
Carbon Steel piping material will be fabricated in dedicated piping workshop. The installed concrete
coating
shall meet the specifications in the DEP on Concrete Coating.

6.2 MATERIAL PREPARATION

All pipe fittings shall be prepared according to material take off as shown on pipe drawing.
Exact quantity to be released from material store. Material specification shall follow approved pipe
drawing. Below are the standard check list for pipe and fittings:
 Check the sizes, obtain nominal diameter and schedule number (pipe, elbow, tee, etc).
 Check the bend radius (elbow)
 Check the pressure rating and flange facing (flange)
 Record down the heat number (pipe)
 Check for any defect: pitting, corrosion, buckling, flattening, ovality, etc.

6.3 CUTTING AND MARKING

Cutting process may be performed by a bandsaw cutting machine and/or oxi-acy cutting machine for
carbon steel piping. The work flow will be:
1. Pipe fitter choose pipes as per pipe drawing on the pipe rack.
2. A crane lift up the selected pipe from pipe rack outside workshop to the conveyor
3. Cut pipes using the cutting machine as per pipe drawing’s required cut length.
4. Dimensional control on the cut pipes.
5. After cutting the Pipe fitter shall transfer identification mark shown on the pipe with a marker,
with the ISO number, pipe number, heat number etc.
6. To maintain material traceability, heat number of each material shall be written from the ISO
drawing on each pipe and fitting.

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 7. The ISO drawing shall follow these material to the next step of fabrication.
8. Pipe fitters fill the workshop progress sheet.

6.4 MACHINING (BEVELING, TRIMMING, THREADING, DRILLING)

Machining, beveling and/or trimming of pipe and fitting will be done in area near the cutting machine
area.
On this beveling area will be placed work tables for bevelling operation. Bevelling process shall use a
portable machine. Other type of machining such as trimming, threading, drilling and etc, will be done
as per required.
Work flow for bevelling activity will be:
1. Pipe fitter does the cutting and bevelling works, in any case where different pipe fitters
perform these activities, the pipe fitter doing bevelling shall verify the informations in 6.3.5
above.
2. If original material identification marking is to be cut or material divided into two or more
pieces, the heat number and pipe item code number shall be transferred to each of the pieces
prior to cutting.
3. Do bevelling work with the help of machine devices. Use grinder (disc and straight) if
necessary. Bevel parameters shall follow and as per required by the WPS for correct root and
edge facing. For carbon steel pipes end result shall be bright metal finish.
4. Pipe fitter shall trim the unequal wall thickness on the higher thickness of pipes and fittings
for weld joint component, inside surfaces of component at ends to be joint in girth or miter
groove welds shall be aligned within the dimensional tolerance. If the external surfaces of the
component are not aligned the weld shall be tapered between them.
5. Bevelled pipes and fittings shall be moved to assembly/fit up box.
6. Pipe fitters fill the workshop progress sheet.

6.5 FIT UP/ASSEMBLY

Assembly work (fit up work) will be done in the assembly area near the beveling area. This assembly
box may use plastic or metal panel as a partition with adjacent boxes. Fit up work may be done on
pipe jacks as pipe support. Alignment work shall be done with three or more points pipe clamp.
Work flow assembly work will be:
1. Pipe fitter does the cutting and bevelling works, in any case where different pipe fitters
perform these activities, the pipe fitter doing bevelling shall verify the informations in 6.3.5
above.
2. Place the pipes/fittings in the pipes jack, assemble other pipes/fittings as per ISO drawings.
3. Align the pipes and fittings using pipe clamps.
4. Check the alignment result with welding gauge for misalignment, root gap etc.
5. Tack weld on the pipes if necessary as per applicable tack weld procedure.
6. Clean the pipes weld joint preparation.

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 7. Pipe fitters fill the workshop progress sheet.

6.6 DIMENSIONAL CONTROL/FIT UP INSPECTION

A dimensional control inspection shall be carried out by quality control department to ensure the
assembled pipe pipes are fabricated as per approved pipe drawing.
This step may be done in the same assembly box where the pipes being assembled. In case any
fault/discrepancies, comments for repair work shall be directly given to the pipe fitter team.
Parameters need to be checked and acceptance criteria shall follow QC inspection procedure.
Pipe Fitters/Piping Supervisor need to check below parameters internally before workshop
superintendent raise Request for Inspection to QC Dept:

6.7 WELDING AND VISUAL WELD CONTROL

Welding shall be done in the same assembly box where the assembly work took place. The welding
work shall be carried out as per approved WPS. Pipe welder has to be a Qualified welder.
During the welding process, Welder foreman shall constantly monitor the welding process to ensure
application of WPS on the welding process.
After welding, a visual weld inspection shall be carried out to verify the quality of weld result. The
visual weld examination shall be carried out by Welding Inspector. Procedure for inspection,
acceptance criteria and others requirement for welding inspection shall follow QC’s Procedures.
1. Workshop Superintendent request for visual welding inspection from QC Dept .
2. The inspection may be conducted in the welding area.
3. Welding inspector performs the visual weld inspection.
4. If any weld defect found, Welding inspector shall mark and inform the welder team
immediately.
5. Perform weld repair work (if any) as per weld repair procedure.
6. In case of un-repairable weld defect, Welder team shall coordinate with fitter team to
reassembly the defected weld joint.
7. After successful inspection, pipe welders shall fill workshop progress sheet and welding
follow up sheet.

7.0 NON DESTRUCTIVE TESTING (X-RAY)

The NDT shall be carried out to ensure that only accepted weld joints will continue through the Post
Weld Heat Treatment process.
The requirement of NDT shall follow approved procedure. X-Ray will be carried out in the NDT
Bunker outside of Piping Workshop.

7.1 POST WELD HEAT TREATMENT (IF REQUIRED)

PWHT will be done in an area inside or outside the workshop as per designated later. Work flow for
PWHT work as follow:

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 1. Pipe from NDT Bunker or temporary storage area will be send to PWHT area using forklift.
2. Arrange pipe for PWHT preparation.
3. Prepare the PWHT equipment.
4. Conduct PWHT as per required by WPS/PWHT Procedure.
5. Remove the PWHT equipment.
6. Fill up the workshop progress sheet.
7. Let the pipe on PWHT area for hardness test.

7.2 HARDNESS TEST (IF REQUIRED)

Hardness test will be done in the Post Weld Heat Treatment area by Qualified NDT Personnel. If any
failures on the hardness test, the PWHT process shall be re-done directly.
Work flow for hardness test as below:
1. Pipe are still in the PWHT area. Arrange pipe for safe conduct of hardness test.
2. Take the hardness test using portable hardness tester.
3. Obtain the result.
4. In case of unsatisfactory result, do preparation for 2nd PWHT.
5. Fill the workshop progress sheet.

7.3 HYDROSTATIC TEST

Hydrostatic test on workshop after fabrication completed is to ensure the welding integrity from any
leak. This hydrostatic test shall be conducted after NDT has been completed and any heat treatment
require.
This hydrotest applicable for pipe with flange joint only, for others the hydrotest will be carried on
erection area.
Work flow for hydrotest work as follow.
1. Bring the pipe from NDT Bunker to piping workshop hydrotest area.
2. Layup pipe on the hydrotest area.
3. Prepare the blind flange and other hydrotest equipment.
4. Conduct hydrotest work as per Pressure Testing Procedures.
5. Obtain the hydrotest result.
6. Depressurize the water and clean the water inside pipes with compressed air blow.
7. Collect the pipes and prepare for transport to the next step.

7.4 PIPELINE EXTERNAL COATING

Pipe will be sent to coating workshop as required by Spec. For carbon steel pipes material will have
painting work, necessary arrangement shall be made on the field weld joint for protection using
adhesive tape after the blasting process. Passivation/preservation will be done after hydrotest.

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7.5 OTHER TREATMENT (IF REQUIRED)
Other treatment mentioned in here are passivation and acid cleaning of CS pipe materials. These
activities will only be conducted if required by design/code/spec.

7.5.1.1 MECHANICAL CLEANING

Oxidation may be removed by mechanical means. The surface shall be polished with a grinder and a
smooth transition to the unpolished base material surface shall be made. The final surface roughness,
Ra, shall be less than 12.5 micrometers..

7.6 STORAGE OF FABRICATED PIPE

Fabricated pipe shall be stored in good environment to manintain material quality of pipes. End of
pipe shall be blanked using suitable material to avoid any dirt/garbage put inside the pipe. This
wooden material or polytene can be tightened either using wire or rope.
Prevent direct contact between pipe with dirt by using wood support. Pipe shall be stored with grid
basis. This grid basis is a storage system that divides the pipes based on installation sequence by pipe
material, location of installation, isometric drawing number and pipe drawing number.

7.7 HANDLING OF PIPES

Handling of pipes shall not cause any damage on the materials.
Few methods to handle the piping materials and pipes are:
1. Forklift, use for taking out pipe from rack, lifting materials and transfer materials. Special
protection for the fork shall be used for CS materials.
2. Gantry Crane/Overhead Crane/Lifting Jib use nylon slings, for CS materials separate set of
slings shall be used for each type of materials.
3. Belleli 90T and Trailers.

7.8 HSE REQUIREMENT FOR FABRICATION PHASE.

 Ensure that fabrication workshop is built to standard with all safety features like escape
routes/fire extinguisher plans to be in place and standard workbench.

 Ensure that the electrical system is in line with the international standards and inspected by
competent electrician;

 Ensure adequate HSE personnel are being mobilized to manage all activities to reduce all risk
factors to acceptable limits.

 Ensure adequate risk assessment is developed to cover all activities during the fabrication.

 Prepare structural protection to separate areas where grinding and cutting operation is ongoing
from the walkway.

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  Ascertain the type of steel quality/ electrode and welding procedure is appropriate (via work
sheets, drawings, etc.);

 Ensure that all combustible material are cleared away from the workshop area before hot work
is commenced;

 Ensure that a Fire watch is present when hot work is in progress.

 Ensure that a valid Permit to Work has been issued for activities to be performed.

 Ensure that all welding equipment/hand power tools and machines are correctly used and
properly maintained in good working condition. This includes all personal protective
equipment.

 Ensure proper housekeeping around the work location, before, during and after the activity.

 Welding trailing cables shall be adequately arranged and managed to avoid tripping hazard.
Adequate cable hanger and trays shall be used respectively.

 All welding equipment must have undergone and passed company pre-mob inspection (PA
test) and the validity shall be well maintained

 Standard scaffolds shall be erected for all height works

 Fire blankets shall be used to contain all welding sparks while working at height.

 Ensure proper exclusion zone for NDT and Hydrotest activities;

 Ensure that all MSDS and Shock card of Dangerous Material is present at site;

The minimum PPE requirement for the welders and welders mate, pipefitters (helpers) are listed
below.

 Fire retardant coverall

 Safety Shoe (S3)

 Welders Shoe Protector

 Rain boot

 Hard Hat

 Rain coat

 Welder’s Knee Protector

 Welder’s Leather apron

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  Dark Safety Glass

 Plain Face shield

 Welding Glove

 Welder’s sleeves

 Ear muff

 Welding nose mask (FFP2 or FFP3) or respirator;

The minimum PPE requirement for grinders) are listed below.

 Fire retardant coverall

 Safety Shoe (S3)

 Rain boot

 Hard Hat

 Rain coat

 Welder’s Leather apron

 Dark Safety Glass

 Plain Face shield

 Ear muff

 Dust nose mask;

7.9 WORKSHOP PREPARATION, STORAGE AND HANDLING

Ferrous contamination on stainless steel and duplex shall be avoided. Carbon Steel subsequently rusts
in a moist or humid environment and can initiate corrosion on the stainless steel surface. Only
stainless steel tools, wire brushes, clamp and grinding wheels shall be used on stainless steel pipes.
To minimized ferrous contamination, the following preparation shall be taken for CS material pipe
shop:
 All handling equipment, such as sling of crane, fork of lift truck, hook of chain block etc shall
be a nonmetallic material or protected by clean wood, cloth or plastic buffer to avoid iron
contact with CS pipe material surfaces.
 All working bench, working tools and working consumables such as machine vices, pipe
clamps, grinding disc etc shall be a non carbon steel material or be isolated with rubber, wood
or stainless steel plate etc.
 Each equipment and tools as described above shall be used for one type of material only.

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 Storage area of equipment and tools shall be segregated. An identification code system shall
be established for above segregation.
 Each pipe, pipe fittings, assembled pipe, welded pipe shall not be storaged directly on the
ground. These items shall be stored on wooden bar at least 150 mm from the ground or on a
surface fully covered with wood.
 Walking, stepping or placing any item on CS piping items are strictly prohibited.
 Before starting any new work in CS pipes shop, inspection will be conducted to ensure the
carbon decontamination.

7.10 NON DESTRUCTIVE TESTING (X-RAY)

As per carbon steel material, the NDT (X-Ray) may be done in the NDT bunker outside pipes
workshop. These NDT bunker will differ from CS NDT bunker. Special precautions shall be taken
during lifting and transporting the pipes from welding box to NDT bunker.
Work flow for the X-Ray work:
1. When transporting pipe pipes with forklift, the fork has to be protected by wooden pallet or
similar protection.
2. Since the NDT bunker located outsides the CS pipe material workshop, cover the pipe pipes
with plastic canvas during transportation of pipe pipes.
3. Carried out X-Ray as per procedure.
4. After X-ray activities, the NDT personnel or appointed personnel shall install back protection
cover to the pipe pipes.
5. Relay results to workshop superintendent.
6. Workshop superintendent will arrange to send back pipe to the hydrotest area.

7.11 PWHT AND HARDNESS TEST

For CS pipes material preheat and stress relieving (PWHT) is not needed and likely to be harmful
since it will cause a loss of toughness and corrosion resistance. Any heat treatment work related to
duplex stainless steel shall be stated clearly in the WPS.

7.12 HYDROSTATIC TEST

Conduct hydrotest as per arrangement mentioned on previous section if hydrotest is required.
When the hydrotest is not required, the pipe shall be sent to passivation area directly after X-Ray.
When conducting hydrotest, pipe are not allowed to be laid down on the ground. Use wooden block
for support. All hydrotest equipment and fluid shall be nonferrous contaminant.

7.13 PRESERVATION
To maintain the quality of anticorrosion properties of CS pipes material and to prevent the
deterioration of pipes surface finish, a special care shall be given during pipe storage and handling
after fabrication.

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1. All the pipes opening shall be sealed with air tight closures after passivation process.
2. End closures shall be durables and securely attached to the pipes such they will remain intact
and in position during transfer, handling and storage.
3. Pipe end connection can be sealed by blinds secured using wire. Unflanged pipe end
connection can be sealed by end cap from plastic (or similar) and wrapped with protecting
tape 50mm around the pipe-cap joint. Threaded end connection, whenever possible, shall be
sealed by means of threaded plastic (or similar materials) so that the pipe thread will be
protected.
4. Pipe to be stored on wooden supports and not on the ground

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