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    Cell Organelle Ws

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    This document discusses the structures found inside animal and plant cells. It explains that all cells contain DNA/RNA, ribosomes, and a cell membrane. It then provides details on various organelles found in eukaryotic cells and their roles, including mitochondria which generate energy, the Golgi apparatus which modifies and transports molecules, and the nucleus which contains DNA. Vesicles are described as transporting molecules between membranes by budding off and fusing with other membranes. Motor proteins help vesicles move along the cytoskeleton between locations. Membrane proteins are important for organizing cellular compartments and defining their functions.

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    Cell Organelle Ws

    Uploaded by

    api-522789883
    57 views3 pages
    This document discusses the structures found inside animal and plant cells. It explains that all cells contain DNA/RNA, ribosomes, and a cell membrane. It then provides details on various organelles found in eukaryotic cells and their roles, including mitochondria which generate energy, the Golgi apparatus which modifies and transports molecules, and the nucleus which contains DNA. Vesicles are described as transporting molecules between membranes by budding off and fusing with other membranes. Motor proteins help vesicles move along the cytoskeleton between locations. Membrane proteins are important for organizing cellular compartments and defining their functions.

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    This document discusses the structures found inside animal and plant cells. It explains that all cells contain DNA/RNA, ribosomes, and a cell membrane. It then provides details on various organelles found in eukaryotic cells and their roles, including mitochondria which generate energy, the Golgi apparatus which modifies and transports molecules, and the nucleus which contains DNA. Vesicles are described as transporting molecules between membranes by budding off and fusing with other membranes. Motor proteins help vesicles move along the cytoskeleton between locations. Membrane proteins are important for organizing cellular compartments and defining their functions.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    57 views3 pages

    Cell Organelle Ws

    Uploaded by

    api-522789883
    This document discusses the structures found inside animal and plant cells. It explains that all cells contain DNA/RNA, ribosomes, and a cell membrane. It then provides details on various organelles found in eukaryotic cells and their roles, including mitochondria which generate energy, the Golgi apparatus which modifies and transports molecules, and the nucleus which contains DNA. Vesicles are described as transporting molecules between membranes by budding off and fusing with other membranes. Motor proteins help vesicles move along the cytoskeleton between locations. Membrane proteins are important for organizing cellular compartments and defining their functions.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pdf or txt
    of 3

    Inside A Cell

    What do all cells have?


    1. __cribosomes__
    2. __DNA/RNA______
    3. __cell membrane__

    Size:
    1 micrometer, increase in tenfold to get to plant cells

    Prokaryote vs. Eukaryote?

    Click on https://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/cells/insideacell/

    Organelle Role of the organelle Plant or Animal Prokaryote or


    Eukaryote
    Lysosome and Macromolecules are hydrolyzed Both Eukaryote
    Vesicles
    Mitochondria Once free living –components include: proteins, Both Eukaryote
    DNA
    Responsible for generating cell’s energy, where
    cellular respiration occurs and most ATP is
    generated
    Cytoskeleton Reinforces cell shape, functions in cell Both Both
    movement, components are all made of
    proteins
    Golgi Apparatus Active in synthesis, modification, sorting, and Both Eukaryote
    secretion of cell products
    In here, molecules are tagged with labels that
    transport proteins to deliver them to the proper
    place in cell
    Nucleus Stores DNA and keeps safe from interference, both Eukaryote
    and proteins work together to copy segments of
    DNA -> RNA in transcription
    Endoplasmic Freshly made proteins/fats are sent here and the Both Eukaryote
    Reticulum ER, ER reads RNA molecules and translate into
    proteins that carry out jobs in cell membrane
    Cell Wall Provides skeletal support for the plant Plants Both

    Chloroplast Once free living –components include: Plants Both


    converting energy of sunlight to chemical energy
    stored in sugar molecules
    Vacuole Storing nutreinst, breaking down waste, helping Both Eukaryote
    cell grow, orovieing pressure for maintain the
    plant shape
    Cell membrane Lipid bilayer, allows small molecules to pass Both Both
    freely, and larger molecules are regulated by
    transport protiens
    Nucleolus Production of ribosomes Both Eukaryote

    DNA Replication, encoding information, mutation Both Both


    and recombination, and gene expression

    Click on “Directing Traffic: How Vesicles Transport Cargo”


    A vesicle forms when the membrane bulges out and pinches off. It travels to its destination then merges with
    another membrane to release its cargo. In this way proteins and other large molecules are transported without
    ever having to cross a membrane.
    Watch the video --- “how vesicles travel cellular highways”. Complete the following.
    Busy cells are often filled with thousands of traveling vesicles. To help organize these vesicles and get them
    pointed in the right direction, the cell uses the rigid filaments and tubes of the cytoskeleton. Special motor
    proteins attach to cargo-filled vesicles and carry them along the cytoskeleton like trucks on a highway.
    Motor proteins attach to vesicles and walk along a microtubule of the cytoskeleton. Dyneins walk toward the
    microtubule organizing center (MTOC, or centrosome) and kinesins walk away from the MTOC.

    What is the real-time video showing? vesicles traveling along neurons inside a living fruitfly
    embryo

    Click on “Membranes Organize Cellular Complexity”

    Why are membranes so important for a cell?

    Membrane proteins contact the spaces on both sides of the membrane the _gate_ keepers of cellular compartments.

    Each type of compartments has a specific population of membrane proteins that largely define its function. On average,

    proteins make up about half the mass of membranes.

    The nuclear pore complex_ (see scanning electron micrographs at right) is a unique protein structure that
    controls traffic flow in and out of the nucleus.
    Draw the “Nuclear pore complexes on the nuclear membranes of frog oocytes”

    Making Proteins

    Making, modifying, and delivering proteins to the right location is crucial for cells. Eukaryotic cells in
    particular have what we call the endomembrane system for coordinating these activities. Make a flow chart to
    discuss what structures are involved in making the following types of proteins.

    free ribosome pathway – for making proteins destined to be free floating in the cytoplasm

    bound ribosome pathway – for making proteins destined to be or exported

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