Cell Parts and Functions Table 

Cell Organelle  Cell Function 
Directs all cell activities "Brain or
Nucleus 
Control Center of cell" 
Nuclear Envelope Controls what passes in and out of
   
(Membrane) the nucleus
Jelly-like substance found inside cell
Cytoplasm  that acts as a medium for chemical
ch emical
reactions within the cell
Packages the proteins made by the
Golgi Body
ribosomes so they can be sent out of
(Apparatus) 
the cell. The UPS store of the cell 
"powerhouse of the cell" breaks
down sugar molecules to release
Mitochondrion  energy, site of cellular respiration,
double membrane, self-replicating,
contains own DNA, cristae
"Storage tanks" Can hold food, water
Vacuole 
or waste for the cell 
Makes proteins for the cell, can be
Ribosome  found attached to the endoplasmic
reticulum or free in the cytoplasm 
Transportation network for the cell,
This website stores data such as
moves materials around in the cell
cookies to enable essential site
functionality, as well as marketing,
personalization, and analytics. You
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER)-
may change your settings at any time
Endoplasmic
or accept the default settings. endoplasmic reticulum that has
Reticulum (ER)  ribosomes attached. 
Privacy Policy

Marketing

Personalization

Analytics
Smooth Endoplasmic
(SER)- does not haveReticulum
ribosomes
Save Accept All attached 
 

"Stomach of the cell" Helps the cell

Lysosome  digest food, waste and worn out cell
parts
Produces ribosomes and rRNA( stuff
Nucleolus 
ribosomes are made of) 
"Gatekeeper" Separates the cell
from the rest of the environment
Cell Membrane and helps control what passes in and
(plasma membrane)  out of the cell. Semi-permeable:
allows some materials to pass
through but not all 
A special plastid that contains
chlorophyll a pigment that captures
Chloroplast 
the sun's energy
in a process calledtophotosynthesis
produce glucose
Rigid outer layer made of cellulose
Cell Wall  that supports and protects the cell
(plant, fungi, and bacterial cells) 
Stores and Transports substances
from the Golgi Body to the cell
Vesicle 
membrane for export. "The UPS
truck of the cell" 
gives support and shape to the cell,
Cytoskeleton 
made of proteins
This website stores data such as
cookies to enable essential site Organizes special parts of the
functionality, as well as marketing,
personalization, and analytics. You cytoskeleton called microtubules for
may change your settings at any time
Centriole 
or accept the default settings. cell division, migrates to opposite
Privacy Policy
ends (poles) of the cell to assist with
Marketing cell division 
Personalization

Analytics

Save Accept All

 

Cell theory

-some organisms are unicellular – only one cell

-some organisms are multicellular – countless cell

*the life of even the most complicated multicellular organism still

starts from a cell – a fertilized egg or so-called zygote.

Zygote – divides into two , and each newly formed cell subdivides.

Cell theory

-  Further divisions of cells occur continuously until a

multitude of cells organize into tissues, tissues into
organs, and organs into organ systems of a
multicellular organism.
-  The complex life processes which occur in each organ
system are the same life-sustaining reaction
reactionss which
the single cell of a unicellular organism performs.
1. All living things are structural
structurally
ly made up of cells.
2. The cell is the fundamental unit of life.
3. Cells come from the division of pre-existing cells.

Biologists:

1. Robert Hooke – Englishman ; coined the term cell and was

responsible for the beginnings of cytology as a subdiscipline
in biology.
2. Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
This website stores data such as
Leeuwenhoek – Dutch naturalist ; discovered
cookies to enable essential site
functionality, as well as marketing,
bacteria and other microscopic organisms in rainwater and
personalization, and analytics. You
may change your settings at any time
studied the structure of plant and animal cells.
or accept the default settings.

3. Francesco Redi & Lazzaro Spallanzani – Italian physician and

Privacy Policy

biologist respectively ; disproved the Theory of Spontaneou

Marketing Spontaneouss
Personalization
Generation.
Analytics
4. Robert Brown –Scottish botanist ; discovered the presence of 
Save Accept All
nuclei within cells.
 

5. Felix Dujardin – a French man ; noted that all living things

contain a thick
thick jelly fluid wh
which
ich he called sarc
sarcode
ode that tim
time.
e.
6. Matthias SChleiden & Theodor Schwann – German botanist
and zoologist respectively ; introduced the concept that all
plants and animals are made up of cells.
7. Johannes Purkinje – Czechoslova
Czechoslovakian
kian ; coined the terms
protoplasm to refer to the living matter of the cell.
8. Rudolf Virchow – German physician ; found that cells divide
to form new cells. He concluded that “omnis cellula e cellula”
or cells come from pre-existing cells.
9. Louis Pasteur – French chemist ; supplied the proof for
Virchow’s Theory of Biogenesis. 
Biogenesis.

Cell Structure and Composition

-  Cell vary in their sizes and shapes according to the
functions which they perform.
-  Microscopic studies show that a cell has three
fundamental parts:
  Cytoplasm – main metabolic activities take
place
  Cell membrane – protectively surrounds the
cytoplasm
  Nucleus – genetic material is located.
= prokaryotic cell lacks nuclear membrane
This website stores data such as
cookies to enable essential site
= incipient
functionality, as well as marketing,
personalization, and analytics. You
may change your settings at any time
= ancestors of eukaryotes
or accept the default settings.

Privacy Policy

Marketing

Personalization
= eukaryotic cell has so-called ‘true’ nucleus 
Analytics

Save Accept All

 

CYTOPLASM

Purkinje coined the term protoplasm.

This website stores data such as

cookies to enable essential site
functionality, as well as marketing,
personalization, and analytics. You
may change your settings at any time
or accept the default settings.

Privacy Policy

Marketing

Personalization

Analytics

Save Accept All