100 VT 001 Visual Examination in Accordance With The ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code
100 VT 001 Visual Examination in Accordance With The ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code
100 VT 001 Visual Examination in Accordance With The ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code
100VT001
Visual Examination in Accordance with the
ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code
Original 09/12/08
Paul Haack, Donald Smith,
VT Level III Quality Assurance Director
Document ID: 100‐VT‐001 Original Issue: 09/12/2008
Revision: Original Revised:
Visual Examination in Accordance with the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code
Table of Contents
1.0 Purpose and Scope ............................................................................................................................................... 3
2.0 References ............................................................................................................................................................... 3
3.0 General ...................................................................................................................................................................... 3
4.0 Personnel ................................................................................................................................................................. 3
5.0 Equipment ............................................................................................................................................................... 4
6.0 Process ...................................................................................................................................................................... 4
7.0 Reports ...................................................................................................................................................................... 5
8.0 Acceptance Standards ......................................................................................................................................... 5
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Document ID: 100‐VT‐001 Original Issue: 09/12/2008
Revision: Original Revised:
Visual Examination in Accordance with the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code
1.0 Scope
1.1 This procedure provides the requirements for direct, translucent and remote (with the use of visual
aids such as mirrors, bore scopes, cameras, magnifiers, etc.) visual examination (VT) of materials as
may be required by the client’s purchase order and by various codes under which a component is
being designed and manufactured.
1.2 Visual examination shall be conducted to determine the condition of the part, component, or
surface examined including such conditions as alignment of mating surfaces, cracks, wear,
corrosion, erosion, evidence of leakage, or physical damage. In addition, visual examination may be
used to determine a composite material’s subsurface condition (translucent laminate).
1.3 This procedure meets the requirements of ASME Section V Article 9 (2007 edition) and is
applicable when specified by a referencing Code section.
2.0 References
2.1 ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Codes; (2007 Edition, Latest Addenda)
2.1.1 Section V, Nondestructive Examination
2.1.2 Section I, Power Boilers
2.1.3 Section VIII, Pressure Vessels
2.1.4 Section IX, Welding and Brazing
2.1.5 B31.1, Power Piping (2007 Edition, Latest Addenda)
2.1.6 B31.3, Chemical Plant and Petroleum Piping (2006 Edition, Latest Addenda)
2.2 99‐CNTP‐005, Qualification and Certification of Nondestructive Testing Personnel
2.3 99‐CNTP‐006, Procedure for the Certification of Visual and Nondestructive Testing Personnel in
Accordance with ANSI/ASNT CP189 and SNTTC1A
2.4 99‐VEP‐001, Qualification and Certification of Visual Examination Personnel
3.0 General
3.1 In order to perform visual examination of materials to this procedure, it may be necessary for the
client to provide the following information:
3.1.1 Identify the materials to be examined. This information should include project or contract
designation, the component or piece mark, the area(s) to be examined with respect to
location on the component or piece.
3.1.2 The acceptance standards to be used.
3.1.3 When applicable, the marking system required.
4.0 Personnel
4.1 Personnel performing visual examination to this procedure shall be qualified and certified in
accordance with reference 2.2, 2.3 and/or 2.4 (the qualification and certification shall meet the
requirements of at least one of these referenced documents).
4.2 Only certified Level II or Level III personnel shall interpret examination results to determine
acceptability.
4.3 Personnel performing visual examinations shall have an annual visual examination and be capable
of reading standard Jaeger J1 letters to assure natural or corrected near distance acuity in at least
one eye. Other equivalent test methods may be used if approved by a level III.
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Document ID: 100‐VT‐001 Original Issue: 09/12/2008
Revision: Original Revised:
Visual Examination in Accordance with the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code
5.0 Equipment
5.1 Lighting: For direct visual examination, the lighting shall be sufficient to provide for the required
examination resolution (reference 6.3). A minimum intensity of 100 foot candles (1000 lux) of
white light is required.
5.1.1 For translucent examination, artificial lighting such as a directional illuminator may be
used. The illuminator shall provide light of an intensity that will illuminate and diffuse the
light evenly through the area or region under examination. The ambient lighting must be
arranged so that there are no surface glares or reflections from the surface under
examination. The light source shall have sufficient intensity to permit “candling” any
translucent laminate thickness variations.
5.2 Visual Aids: Includes mirrors, magnifiers, bore scopes, fiber optics, cameras, etc. when used as an
integral part of the examination technique, shall be noted on the visual examination report.
5.3 Measuring Devices: Such as rulers, comparators, etc. shall be accurate to within ± 1∕64‐in. (0.4 mm).
6.0 Process
6.1 The areas to be examined and the time of examination shall be specified by the client.
6.2 When required, examination checklists shall be prepared by the inspector and used to plan the
visual examination and to verify that the required visual observations were performed. This
checklist establishes minimum examination and inspection requirements and does not indicate the
maximum examination which may be performed. The checklists shall be included with the Visual
Examination Report.
6.3 To validate the examination method and/or technique, a fine line 1∕32‐in (0.8 mm) or less in width,
an artificial imperfection, or a simulated condition, located on the surface or a similar surface to
that to be examined shall be discernable when placed in the least favorable location for viewing.
6.3 Description of Method
6.4.1 Direct visual examination may usually be performed when access is sufficient to place the
eye within 24‐in (610mm) of the surface to be examined and at an angle not less than 30° to
the surface to be examined. Mirrors may be used to improve the angle of vision and aids such
as a magnifying lens may be used to assist examinations. The specific part, component,
vessel or section thereof being examined shall be illuminated (natural or supplemental
white light) to a minimum light intensity level of 100‐fc (1000 lux). A higher light level may
be needed for the detection or study of small anomalies. If necessary, flashlights or other
auxiliary lighting may be used. The visual resolution adequacy shall be demonstrated in
accordance with 6.3.
6.4.2 In some cases, remote visual examination may have to be substituted for direct
examination. Remote visual examination may use visual aids such as mirrors, telescopes,
bore scopes, fiber optics, cameras or other suitable instruments. Such examination systems
shall have a resolution capability at least equivalent to that obtainable by direct visual
observation.
6.4.3 Translucent visual examination is a supplement of direct visual examination. This technique
utilizes artificial intensities of directional illumination to permit viewing of translucent
laminate thickness variations and certain subsurface discontinuities (also called candling).
6.5 Surface Condition: The areas to be examined shall be free of oil, grease, dirt, lint, welding flux and
other contaminants or debris that might mask a discontinuity.
6.6 Lighting shall meet the requirements of 5.1 and 6.3.
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Document ID: 100‐VT‐001 Original Issue: 09/12/2008
Revision: Original Revised:
Visual Examination in Accordance with the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code
6.7 The remote visual resolution shall be proven, in accordance with 6.4.2 at the time of the
examination.
7.0 Reports
7.1 An examination report shall be prepared and furnished to the client.
7.2 The report shall contain the following:
7.2.1 The name of the company, the report number/job number and date of the visual
examination.
7.2.2 The referencing code and acceptance criteria.
7.2.3 The procedure and revision used.
7.2.4 The examination method or technique used.
7.2.5 Identification of the item examined showing the location of the areas examined and a
unique identifier (number, name, description, etc.).
7.2.4 A description of the examination results, including any recordable conditions and the
disposition of these conditions.
7.2.5 Name of the examination technician and level of certification.
7.3 The required number of report copies will be furnished to the client. A minimum of one report
copy will be kept on file.
8.0 Acceptance Standards
8.1 Acceptance standards shall be as stated in the applicable code or shall be specified by the client and
shall be established prior to examination.
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